Current Drug Trends

Current Drug Trends
2014
Common Occurrences with Drug
Trends
•  Increasing Potency
•  Easy Access and Increasing Awareness
(through Internet use)
•  Deceptive Marketing and Marketing
directed at Youth
CDC’s Youth Online Survey for South
Carolina High School Students 2013
•  Drove when drinking alcohol 8.4 %
•  Drank alcohol before age 13 years 19.8 %
•  Currently drinks alcohol 28.9 %
•  Used marijuana 36.8 %
•  Tried marijuana before age 13 years 8 %
Youth Survey contd.
•  Used cocaine 5.2 %
•  Used inhalants 10.7 %
•  Used ecstasy 6.8 %
•  Used methamphetamines 4.4 %
•  Took prescription drugs without a doctor's
prescription 17.6 %
•  Injected any illegal drug 2.8 %
Gel Shots-12% alcohol
Shooters-20% alcohol
Whipped Cream-15-25% alcohol
Alcopops
Up to 12% alcohol
Mary Jane’s Relaxing Soda
(Anti-Energy Drink-sedative type
effect)
.
Anti-Energy Drinks
•  Commercial bottlers have now produced
non-codeine based drinks like Sippin
Syrup, Unwind and Mary Jane’s Relaxing
Soda which are sold at convenience stores
and online and are advertised as an
“Extreme Relaxation Beverage.” These
products contain sedating-type
ingredients, such as Melatonin, Valerian
root extract and Kava.
AWOL (Alcohol without liquid
machines)
Inhaling or Smoking Alcohol
•  AWOL (Alcohol without liquid) machines
were invented in 2004 and are powered by
electrical air compressors. AWOL 2 and
AWOL 3 are powered by electrical oxygen
generators" which refer to a couple of
mechanisms used for inhalation.
•  AWOL is trademarked and gimmicked as
an alcohol "vaporizer" (heat the chemical
to vapor) but is in fact a nebulizer (mixes
the chemical with oxygen into small mist
droplets).
Freebasing Alcohol (the Vaportini)
Freebasing Alcohol
•  Freebasing alcohol is a device called
the Vaportini, which retails for $30
plus shipping. Users heat a small
amount of alcohol in a glass ball over
a tea light, then suck the resulting
vapors through a straw.
Pouring Alcohol over Dry Ice
Alcohol and Dry Ice Mix
An individual can pour alcohol over dry ice
and inhale it directly or with a straw.
Inhaling dry ice (with the alcohol) which is
difficult to humidify inside the lung tissue,
could potentially lead to a “burn” of the
lining of the lungs.
Homemade Alcohol Vaporizers
.
Homemade alcohol vaporizers
The alcohol of choice is poured into a
bottle, the bottle is corked, and a
bicycle pump needle is poked
through the top of the cork. Air is
pumped into the bottle to vaporize
the alcohol, and the user inhales the
vaporized alcohol.
Synthetic Cannabinoids
(hallucinogen, stimulant)
Scooby Snax (Synthetic Cannabinoid)
Graham Crackers
Synthetic Marijuana
Crazy Clown (Synthetic Cannabinoid)
.
Crazy Clown
•  Crazy Clown is a new 4th generation synthetic
marijuana similar to Spice with some serious and
potentially fatal side effects. It's blamed for
sending people to ER’s with violent reactions and
causing death.
•  Crazy Clown is smoked or burned in a small bowl
and inhaled. Active chemicals in Crazy Clown are
unknown. Symptoms include: nausea, vomiting,
dry mouth, weakness, cardiac problems,
psychotic episodes, paralysis and violent
behavior.
•  This is a drug that is not deceptive with it’s
marketing name.
Effects of Spice, K2 and kidney
damage
•  The CDC issued an alert describing 16 cases of
kidney damage from synthetic marijuana. The
first warning came from Wyoming, where three
patients were hospitalized with severe kidney
damage; others came from Oregon, New York,
Rhode Island, Oklahoma and Kansas. The kidney
damage from many of these cases was very
severe, five to the point of requiring dialysis.
•  In December, 2012, the Substance Abuse and
Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA)
released a report showing that synthetic
marijuana was responsible for
11,400 emergency room visits in one year. The
vast majority of those admitted were between the
ages of 12 and 29.
7/10 is the new 4/20
Flip 7/10 upside down and you've
got OIL, as in hash oil, BHO (Butane
Hash Oil), wax, shatter or Errl. And
today, July 10 (7/10) has quickly
become the new stoner holiday.
Some say it’s a secondary stoner
holiday to 4/20.
E-cigarettes are used to smoke
Cannabis oil and Cannabis wax
.
E-Cigarettes are being used to
Smoke Marijuana
A growing number of people are smoking
marijuana in e-cigarettes. Marijuana in
liquid (BHO or butane-extracted hash oil) and
wax forms (80% THC) used in e-cigarettes
do not create an odor. Because the devices
don’t produce a flame, a person smoking
marijuana in an e-cigarette can take a puff
and then quickly put it in a pocket. People
are using the combination without fear of
detection in public.
E-cigarettes used to smoke
K2 e-liquid
Lean, Sprite or Dirty Sprite
(Opiate)
Lean, Sprite or Dirty Sprite
This is a slang term for a recreational drug
popular in the southern United States,
originating in Houston, Texas. Its main
ingredient is prescription-strength cough syrup
containing codeine and promethazine. Cough
syrup is typically mixed with ingredients such as
Sprite or Mountain Dew. The purplish hue of
Lean comes from dyes in cough syrup.
There are numerous slang terms for Lean
including Purple Drank, Sizzurp, Syrup, Drank,
Barre, Purple Jelly, Texas Tea, and Tsikuni. “The
high is as close as you can come to heroin”.
Toad Venom (Hallucinogen)
Toad Venom (Hallucinogen)
Several species of toads produce venom that
contains psychoactive chemicals, but only Bufo
alvarius (Colorado River Toad or Sonoran Desert
Toad) venom contains 5-MeO-DMT, which is a
naturally occurring psychedelic present in the
venom of the Bufo alvarius toad. It is somewhat
comparable in effects to DMT; however it is
substantially more potent, so it should not be
confused with DMT. The venom of some Bufo
species, including B. alvarius, contains trace
amounts of bufotenin and some may also contain
toxic chemicals. Bufo toad venom is poisonous if
eaten. (Erowid)
Benzo Fury (Stimulant &
Hallucinogen)
Benzo Fury (stimulant and hallucinogen)
Benzo Fury or 6-APB, is a colorless stimulant, in
powder or pill form and is marketed as a
“research drug”.
Benzo Fury is similar to
amphetamines and Ecstasy (MDMA). Effects
of Benzo Fury are alertness, increased energy,
euphoria, feelings of peace, dilated pupils,
tingling feelings, tightening of jaw muscles,
raised body temperature, increased heart rate,
anxiety attacks and paranoid/confused states.
One UK website sells Benzo Fury for 10 British
Pounds (around $15-16 U.S. dollars) per pill
and shipping to the U.S. is available. Benzo Fury
is legal in the U.S.
Another New Designer Drug
MXE, M-Ket, Mexxy or Kmax
(hallucinogen)
MXE or Methoxetamine is a new designer
“research chemical” taken for its
hallucinogenic and dissociative effects. It’s
usually sold as a white powder. Although not
currently scheduled under the U.S. Controlled
Substance Act, MXE is considered to be an
analog of the drug Ketamine. However, MXE
is longer acting and more potent than Ketamine.
(Science Daily)
Drug Pump It powder (stimulant
and hallucinogen)
.
Signs and Symptoms of Pump It
Signs and symptoms associated with Pump-It
use are consistent with effects seen in stimulant
and hallucinogen drugs: Increased heart rate
and body temperature, dilated pupils, sensory
distortions and psychotic symptoms. The high
lasts 4-12 hours, depending on the dosage
taken. This product can be snorted, injected or
smoked, and the onset of effects may be
delayed which may lead to taking more of the
contents and increasing the chances of negative
effects. Pump It isn’t listed as an illegal
substance under U.S. law.
Dragonfly (hallucinogen)
Bromo Dragonfly, B-Fly, Fly, 2C-B-fly
or Europa
Dragonfly is a synthetic hallucinogenic that produces
effects similar to LSD or ecstasy. This substance was
originally developed as part of a legitimate medical
research project, but has no legitimate or medical use.
This drug causes long-acting vasoconstriction. This drug
can be a powder, liquid or placed on blotter paper like
LSD. The hallucinogenic effects of this drug are
long-lasting, sometimes lasting up to 3 days.
Effects after orally ingesting the drug can be
delayed as long as 6 hours which may lead to
double dosing and overdose. B-Fly (liquid form) can
be concealed in small dropper bottle products. The good
news is B-Fly, also classified as a form of 2C-B, has just
recently been added to the Controlled Substance Act and
is now illegal in the U.S.
2-CI, India, Smiles (Hallucinogen)
.
2C-I is replacing Bath Salts as the
hallucinogenic drug of choice.
•  The fluffy white powder is usually pressed into
pill form. It produces LSD-like hallucinations and
visual distortions, and MDMA-like empathy. The
onset of effects is around 40 minutes with peak
effects occurring at approximately 2 hours. It can
last up to 8 hours.
•  2C-I can be taken orally in tablet or capsule form,
snorted in its powder form and orally taken in the
form of small squares of blotter paper similar to
LSD ingestion. 2C-I is purchased primarily
through Internet retailers, but it’s also been sold
by street-level dealers. As of July 9th, 2012, 2C-I
is a Schedule I controlled substance under the
Controlled Substance Act, making possession,
distribution and manufacturing illegal.
Lemon Drop (DXM)
.
Lemon Drop
•  Lemon Drop is a homemade hallucinogen
produced by mixing a painter’s solvent
(Naphtha with ammonia, Robitussin Cough
Syrup, Sucrets or Vicks Formula 44).
Lighter fluid can be used to replace
Naphtha. The mixture is heated to extract
the DXM (Dextromethorophan).
Lemon
juice or Country Time powder is added and
cooled, which causes the juice/lemonade
and DXM to bond. DXM has been a long
running form of legal high and various
recipes have been published.
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Lazy Cakes and ½ Baked Brownzz
(sedative type effect)
½ Baked Brownzz advertisement
“A great way to relieve tension or take the edge
off after a long day at work or home…”
Powered by Sippin Syrup’s natural proprietary
relaxation blend including chamomile, lavender,
valerian root, rose hips, l-theanine (People use
theanine for treating anxiety and
high blood pressure-WebMD) , hops, St John’s
Wort, skullcap and kava extracts and melatonin.
Lazy Cakes have been sold in convenient stores in
S.C.
What is This?
.
LSD (hallucinogen)
LSD produces hallucinations dissociating
the user from reality. Users often report
having the ability to see and hear things
without stimulus. "Synesthesia" is another
effect, causing the user to hear matter
that is only visibly perceptive such as
hearing colors or associating odor to
audible sounds such as "smelling voices."
Each square piece represents a single dose
which costs $5-7 each.
Khat (stimulant)
Khat (stimulant)
A mind-altering chemical found in Khat,
cathinone, is an illegal Schedule I drug. Khat
leaves are typically chewed in the cheek like
chewing tobacco. Certain migrant communities in
the United States use Khat. Effects begin to
subside after about 90 minutes to 3 hours, but
can last 24 hours. After using Khat, a person may
experience a depressed mood, irritability, loss of
appetite, and difficulty sleeping. Long-term use
includes tooth decay and periodontal disease;
gastrointestinal disorders, constipation, ulcers,
inflammation of the stomach, and increased risk
of upper gastrointestinal tumors; and
cardiovascular disorders such as irregular heartbeat, decreased blood flow, and heart attack.
Salvia (hallucinogen)
.
Effects of Salvia
•  People who abuse Salvia generally
experience hallucinations or a loss of
contact with reality. Effects last 1-30
minutes. They include changes in visual
perception, mood and body sensations,
emotional swings, and feelings of
detachment. People also report a very
different perception of reality and trouble
interacting with their surroundings.
What is this?
.
Pervitin (Methamphetamine)
•  Pervitin is methamphetamine that was produced
by a German company in 1938. It was used by
German soldiers in WWII. Adolf Hitler’s personal
physician gave him three injections of liquid
methamphetamine daily during WWII.
Methamphetamine (stimulant &
hallucinogen)
Nightshade Plants (hallucinogen)
Belladonna
Datura, Jimson Weed (hallucinogen)
Angels Trumpet, Brugmansia
Henbane (hallucinogen)
Morning Glory seeds (hallucinogen)
Nightshade Plants
(hallucinogen)
•  Flowers are consumed as a tea, smoked,
boiled and eaten (abusers often eat the
flowers), seeds can be eaten for
hallucinogenic effects. Effects are anxiety
or panic attacks, distortion of time, space
and body image, dilated pupils, elevated
body temperature, dry mucus membranes,
urinary retention, agitation, delirium,
seizures, visual hallucinations, amnesia,
spasmodic movement and coma.
Symptoms usually appear 1-4 hours after
ingestion and may persist for days.
Kratom (stimulant and sedative)
Kratom
•  Kratom comes from the Mitragyna
Speciosa plant indigenous to Southeast
Asia, primarily in Thailand. It acts as a
stimulant at lower doses with effects to
include alertness, physical energy,
talkativeness and giddiness. With higher
doses, Kratom mimics an opiate with
sedative effects and euphoria. These
effects are usually felt within 5–10
minutes after ingestion and the high can
last from 2–5 hours. Long-term use can
potentially result in anorexia, insomnia,
weight loss and in some cases psychotic
episodes, such as confusion, delusions and
hallucinations.
Marketing of Kratom
Kratom is typically sold via the Internet, at
convenience stores and head shops in the form of
green leaves (whole or crushed) and green
powder or pills (capsules). Individuals can ingest
it orally, smoke it or drink it as a tea when in leaf
form. Kratom has been sold as incense with labels
on the package stating “not for human
consumption,” resembling the packaging and
marketing common with Spice and Bath Salts.
The DEA’s Office of Diversion Control states
Kratom is a drug and chemical of concern with no
legitimate medical use, but it remains legal to sell
and use.
At least three states, Indiana, Tennessee and
Vermont, have banned Kratom and others are
considering a ban.
Kava (sedative)
Kava (sedative)
•  There are safety concerns about Kava. Many cases
of liver damage and even some deaths have been
traced to kava use. Kava has been associated with
liver-related injuries, including hepatitis,
cirrhosis, and liver failure. As a result, Kava has
been banned from the market in Switzerland,
Germany, and Canada.
Kava is used for anxiety, stress, and restlessness,
and treat sleep problems. It is also used for
attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
epilepsy, psychosis, depression, migraines and
other headaches, chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS),
common cold and other respiratory tract
infections, tuberculosis, muscle pain, and cancer
prevention.
Nutmeg (deleriant, hallucinogen)
.
Nutmeg (deliriant)
Nutmeg contains myristicin, which belongs to the deliriant
drug family.
Nutmeg produces a hallucinogenic high that most people
consider unpleasant. Nutmeg takes up to six hours for an
individual to even begin feeling minimal effects. Effects can
range anywhere from a mild high or stoned feeling similar
to marijuana coupled with alcohol to a full-blown deliriant
experience with auditory and visual hallucinations, closedeye visuals, and shifts in perception. The taste and texture
alone can cause nausea and gagging. Other side effects
during the primary experience include a proneness to panic
attacks and inability to focus. Depending on dosage, a user
may continue to experience a feeling of airy lightness and
spaceyness for up to five days. These persistent effects can
take the form of a stupor with a lack of ability to focus on
certain tasks or carry on conversations for very long.
Molly, MDMA, Ecstasy (stimulant &
hallucinogen)
Molly (old drug/new name)
•  Molly is a pure form of Ecstasy, “X”,
“XTC” (MDMA). There have been many
recent deaths from young people using
Molly. Performing artists have been
promoting the use of Molly at their
concerts. After being inhaled, swallowed
or parachuted (folded in a tissue and
swallowed) it floods the brain with the
neurotransmitters- serotonin,
norepinephrine and dopamine making
them feel elated, empathic and full of
energy.
Triple C’s (hallucinogen, sedative)
Triple C’s (hallucinogen, sedative)
Coricidin HBP is an over-the-counter drug containing
dextromethorphan (cough suppressant, dissociative),
Acetominophen (pain reliever, dangerous at high dose),
Pseudoepherine (nasal decongestant, also risky at high
dose). In large doses dextromethorphan can cause
hallucinations. There is a risk of coma, a dangerous
decrease in breathing, and even seizures. The abuse of
cough medications including DXM can contain other
ingredients, such as acetaminophen, which can be very
dangerous when taken in large quantities. For example,
large quantities of acetaminophen can damage the liver.
Shamboiling or bubblinghallucinogen
Shamboiling-boiling shampoo for a
hallucinogenic effect
•  Shampoo is brought to a rapid boil and then the
fumes are inhaled for a hallucinogenic effect.
Shamboiling has many potential risks including
pneumonia, cardiac failure or arrest, and
aspiration of vomit. The inhaling of Ammonium
Lauryl Sulfate in shampoo can cause hearing loss,
limb spasms, and damage to the central nervous
system and brain. Serious but potentially
reversible effects include liver and kidney damage
and blood-oxygen depletion. Death from
inhalants is generally caused by a very high
concentration of fumes.
South Carolina’s Most Common
Illegal Drugs
•  Marijuana—Marijuana is the most prevalent drug in
South Carolina, with Mexico the most common source.
•  Cocaine—Cocaine is an extremely powerful central
nervous system stimulant or “upper.”
•  Heroin—Approximately 1 percent of South Carolinians
ages 18 and older have reported using heroin.
Unfortunately, 2.3 percent of all South Carolina 8th,
10th, and 12th graders have reported using heroin at
least once.
•  Club Drugs—During the past year there has been a
significant increase in Ecstasy distribution throughout
South Carolina, with traffickers operating from Columbia
distributing a significant portion that sold.
South Carolina’s Most Common
Illegal Drugs (contd.)
•  Pharmaceutical Diversion—Diversion of
OxyContin, hydrocodone products (such as
Vicodin), and pseudoephedrine continues
to be a problem in South Carolina.
Methadone, benzodiazepines,
and Fentanyl were also identified as being
among the most commonly abused and
diverted pharmaceuticals in South
Carolina.
South Carolina’s Most Common
Illegal Drugs (contd.)
•  Methamphetamine (Meth)—While
methamphetamine has a minor share of
the drugs used in South Carolina, it is a
highly addictive man-made stimulant that
can cause aggression and violent or
psychotic behavior. Many users report
getting addicted from first use. (Mapping
the Elephant: Illegal Drugs in South
Carolina)
DAODAS Evidence Based
Prevention Programs
Binge Drinking Reduction Program
Brief Alc. Screening & Intervent. for College Student
Communities Mobilizing for Change on Alcohol
Community Trials to Reduce High-Risk Drinking
Guiding Good Choices
Life Skills Training Program
Not on Tobacco (NOT)
Project Alert
Project Towards No Drug Abuse
Project Towards No Tobacco Use (TNT)
Project Success
Protecting You/Protecting Me
For the larger “Current Drug Trends” powerpoint :
Go online to the APNC Spring Conference 2014
home page and click on Sessions. Scroll down to
“Current Drug Trends with Adolescents and Young
Adults”. Click on the underlined Current Drug
Trends area to access a 129 page powerpoint.
This powerpoint has an abundance of information
about additional drugs, harmful effects and
pictures. Pass this information on to co-workers,
parents and family that could not attend this
conference.
Information Sources
•  DAODAS Prevention Services
•  www.nida.nih.gov
•  www.webmd.com
•  www.lawofficer.com/article/investigation
/emerging-drug-trends
•  National Institute of Health
•  Monitoring the Future survey-2013
•  NDIC-National Drug Intelligence Center
•  DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration)
Information Sources
•  Project Know-Understanding Addiction
•  FBI
•  SBI
•  Prevention Status Report 2013-South
Carolina (this report also covers
nationwide statistics)
•  Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention-Youth Online Survey (CDC)