OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS

West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin
Faculty of Maritime Technology and Transportation
Chair of Structure, Mechanics and Ship Fabrication
OFFSHORE INSTALLATIONS
Deepwater System Types
Szczecin, 05.10.2011
based on v. - 01.12.2010
Tadeusz Graczyk, Ph. D.
1
Scope
• Oil/Gas Platform - definition
• History
• Deepwater System Types
• Jack-up drilling rig
• Fixed platform
• Gravity-based structure
• Compliant Tower
• Tension-leg platform
• Spar platform
• Semi-submersible platform
• Drillship
• Floating production system
• Particularly large examples
• Deepest oil platforms
• Maintenance and supply
• Bibliography
2
Deepwater System Types
Types of offshore oil and gas structures include (from left to right), (all records from 2005 data):
1, 2 - conventional fixed platforms (deepest: Shell’s Bullwinkle in 1991 at 412 m/1,353 ft GOM);
3 - compliant tower (deepest: ChevronTexaco’s Petronius in 1998 at 534 m /1,754 ft GOM);
4, 5 - vertically moored tension leg and mini-tension leg platform (deepest: ConocoPhillips’ Magnolia in 2004
1,425 m/4,674 ft GOM);
6 -Spar (deepest: Dominion’s Devils Tower in 2004, 1,710 m/5,610 ft GOM);
7,8 - Semi-submersibles (deepest: Shell’s NaKika in 2003, 1920 m/6,300 ft GOM);
9 - Floating production, storage, and offloading facility (deepest: 2005, 1,345 m/4,429 ft Brazil);
3
10 - sub-sea completion and tie-back to host facility (deepest: Shell’s Coulomb tie to NaKika 2004, 2,307 m/
7,570 ft).
Deepwater System Types
4
Deepwater System Types
5
GOM - rigs
Gulf of Mexico Rigs
6
http://www.energytv.com/videos/view/107
Deepwater System Types
Jackup platforms (JP) are designed to drill wells in water depths from 5 to 120 meters (15 –
400 ft). They consist of a floating platform, usually roughly triangular, with tall steel-frame legs
at each corner. The legs are raised while the jackup is moving (self-propelled or towed by a
tug). When it arrives at a drilling location, the legs are lowered to the seabed then the platform
is raised (jacked-up) up above any waves.
Fixed platforms (FP) are built on concrete and/or steel legs anchored directly onto piles driven
into the seabed. They are used in water depths up to about 450 m (1500 ft). Hibernia, Canada
is the worlds largest oil platform. Gravity base structure (GBS).
Compliant Tower platforms (CT) sit on tall, narrow, flexible towers built on a piled foundation
on the seabed. They can move around sideways to handle ocean swell and waves. They are
usually used in water depths between 300 and 600 meters (1,000 - 2,000 ft). The Petronius
platform in the US Gulf of Mexico is the World’s tallest freestanding structure. It stands in 535m
(1,754 ft) of water.
Tension Leg platforms (TLP) are floating structures held in place by vertical, tensioned
tendons, typically steel tubes, connected to the sea floor. The Magnolia platform in the Gulf of
Mexico is in 1,432 meters (4697 ft) deep water.
Mini-TLP’s are small, relatively low cost tension leg platforms.
Spar platforms (SPAR) are supported by a large vertical floating cylinder anchored to the
seafloor. The world's deepest spar is the Devil's Tower, located in 1,710 meters (5,610 ft) of
wateri in the Gulf of Mexico.
7
Deepwater System Types
Semi-submersible platforms (SSP)consist of one or more decks standing on legs supported
by submerged pontoons. Semi-subs can move from place to place by tow or self-propelled.
They are usually anchored to the sea floor by steel cables and chains and can also be kept from
moving around during drilling operations by dynamic positioning – several computer-controlled
propellers that keep the platform in position. Semi-subs can be used in depths from about 200
to 2,300 meters (600 to 7,500 ft).
Drillships, rather than rigs, are required for drilling in very deep water. A dynamic positioning
system maintains its position over the well. The Discoverer Enterprise can drill oil wells in water
depths of up to 3,000 meters (10,000 ft - almost two miles). The JOIDES Resolution is a
research drillship that can gather sediment and rock samples under water nearly 5 km (about 3
miles) deep.
Floating production systems (FPS) are large ships anchored to the seabed. Pipes connect oil
and gas wells on the sea bed to processing facilities on the ship. The Kizomba-A FPSO (floating
production, storage, and offloading system), can store 2.2 million barrels (350 million liters, 94
million US gallons) of oil. Oil and/or gas is offloaded to tankers at regular intervals and shipped
to an onshore facility for further processing.
Subsea System (SS) ranges from single subsea wells producing to a nearby platform, FPS, or
TLP to multiple wells producing through a manifold and pipeline system to a distant production
facility. These systems are presently used in water depths greater than 5,000 feet.
8
Deepwater System Types
Jackup platforms (JP) are designed to drill
wells in water depths from 5 to 120 meters
(15 – 400 ft). They consist of a floating
platform, usually roughly triangular, with tall
steel-frame legs at each corner. The legs are
raised while the jackup is moving (selfpropelled or towed by a tug). When it arrives
at a drilling location, the legs are lowered to
the seabed then the platform is raised
(jacked-up) up above any waves.
9
Deepwater System Types
Fixed platforms (FP) are built on concrete and/or steel legs anchored directly onto piles
driven into the seabed. They are used in water depths up to about 450 m (1500 ft). Hibernia,
Canada is the worlds largest oil platform. Gravity base structure (GBS).
10
Deepwater System Types
Compliant Tower platforms (CT) sit on tall, narrow, flexible towers built on a piled foundation
on the seabed. They can move around sideways to handle ocean swell and waves. They are
usually used in water depths between 300 and 600 meters (1,000 - 2,000 ft). The Petronius
platform in the US Gulf of Mexico is the World’s tallest freestanding structure. It stands in 535m
(1,754 ft) of water.
11
Deepwater System Types
Tension Leg platforms (TLP) are floating structures held in place by vertical, tensioned
tendons, typically steel tubes, connected to the sea floor. The Magnolia platform in the Gulf of
Mexico is in 1,432 meters (4697 ft) deep water.
12
Deepwater System Types
Mini-TLP’s are small, relatively low cost
tension leg platforms.
13
Deepwater System Types
Spar platforms (SPAR) are supported by a
large vertical floating cylinder anchored to the
seafloor. The world's deepest spar is the
Devil's Tower, located in 1,710 meters (5,610
ft) of wateri in the Gulf of Mexico.
14
Deepwater System Types
Semi-submersible platforms (SSP)consist of one or more decks standing on legs supported
by submerged pontoons. Semi-subs can move from place to place by tow or self-propelled.
They are usually anchored to the sea floor by steel cables and chains and can also be kept from
moving around during drilling operations by dynamic positioning – several computer-controlled
propellers that keep the platform in position. Semi-subs can be used in depths from about 200
to 2,300 meters (600 to 7,500 ft).
15
Deepwater System Types
Drillships, rather than rigs, are
required for drilling in very deep
water. A dynamic positioning system
maintains its position over the well.
The Discoverer Enterprise can drill
oil wells in water depths of up to
3,000 meters (10,000 ft - almost
two miles). The JOIDES Resolution
is a research drillship that can
gather sediment and rock samples
under water nearly 5 km (about 3
miles) deep.
16
Deepwater System Types
Floating production systems (FPS) are large ships
anchored to the seabed. Pipes connect oil and gas wells on
the sea bed to processing facilities on the ship. The KizombaA FPSO (floating production, storage, and offloading system),
can store 2.2 million barrels (350 million liters, 94 million US
gallons) of oil. Oil and/or gas is offloaded to tankers at
regular intervals and shipped to an onshore facility for further
processing.
17
Deepwater System Types
Subsea System (SS) ranges from single subsea wells producing to a nearby platform, FPS, or
TLP to multiple wells producing through a manifold and pipeline system to a distant production
facility. These systems are presently used in water depths greater than 5,000 feet.
18
Bibliography
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Thank you for your attention
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19
http://www.eia.doe.gov/dnav/pet/hist/LeafHandler.ashx?n=PET&s=F005006__3&f=M
Tadeusz Graczyk
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condeep