MHP project in Indonesia - The International Renewable Energy

Transcription

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources
Directorate General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation
MHP PROJECT IN INDONESIA
Ezrom M. D. Tapparan
Renewable Energy Analyst
Presented at:
“IRENA/NREL Workshop on Best Practices in Renewable Energy Technology Cooperation”
Golden, Colorado, 21-23 November 2011
DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF NEW RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY CONSERVATION
MINISTRY OF ENERGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES, REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
© DGNREEC MEMR - 2011
OUTLINE
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Introduction
MHP in Indonesia-Historical Development
MHP Technology Cooperation
Standard, Testing, Certification and Industry
Involvement
Conclusion and Recommendation
Introduction
With the rising costs of fossil fuel driven energy production, hydropower development
is becoming an ever more feasible option for the generation of electricity, especially in
less developed and emerging countries. Due to the abundant water resources in
Indonesia, it has a high potential for the use of hydropower which, to a large extend, is
not yet realized.
NO
NON FOSSIL ENERGY
RESOURCES
(SD)
INSTALLED
CAPACITY (KT)
RATIO KT/SD
(%)
1
2
3
4
5 = 4/3
1
Hydro
75,670 MW
5,705.29 MW
7.54
2
Geothermal
28,543 MW
1,189 MW
4.17
3
Mini/Micro Hydro
769.69 MW
217.89 MW
28.31
4
Biomass
49,810 MW
1,618.40 MW
3.25
5
Solar Energy
4.80 kWh/m2/day
13.5 MW
-
6
Wind Energy
3 – 6 m/s
1.87 MW
-
7
Uranium
3.000 MW
(e.q. 24,112 ton) for 11 years*)
30 MW
1.00
*) only in Kalan – West Kalimantan
OUTLINE
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Introduction
Involvement
Indonesia’s MHP Historical Development
• The oldest MHP installation which is still
working was built in 1923 in a Tea plantation,
West Java.
• 1980: the first “over shoot” turbine was
developed by the community in Padasuka
Village, Cianjur, West Java.
• 1984: self-developed cross-flow/osberger
turbine.
• 1986: “self-designed” 15 kW cross-flow turbine
was built, funded by the New Zealand
government. It is well known as the first
“modern” MHP project concurrently with
community development program (Pondok
Pesantren Darussalam, Subang, West Java).
• 1988-1993: Small Metal Enterprise
Development Program by Swisscontact in
cooperation with Politeknik ITB.
• 1989: MHP-GTZ project, funded by German
Government to enhance local manufacturing
capabilities. T7 blueprint (designed by SKAT,
Switzerland) was modified, further become the
“license free” T12.
• 1990-1991: nadir of MHP development in Indonesia.
Broken down MHP and misconception of MHP as
“unproved technology” hampared the development of
MHP.
• 1991-1993: first phase of GTZ-MHP project in
Indonesia.
• 1992: new approach to develop MHP projects
combined with productive-use were successfully
introduced. Project funded by the GoI with supporting
grant from German Government.
• 1994: some engineers studied MHP in Switzerland.
• 1996: MHP projects funded by the GoI were
increased significantly. Reverse engineering of
Electronic Load Controller (ELC) was introduced
under GTZ cooperation.
• 1998: the first made in Indonesia turbine was
exported to Leyte, the Philippines.
• 1999: establishment of Bandung Hydro Association (BHA)
which become an icon of national MHP development.
• 2000: good manufacturing practice was introduced. Testing
facility for turbine balancing was accredited by the
government.
• 2002: first axial-turbine (200 mm propeller turbine) was
produced by Cihanjuang Inti Teknik.
• 2004: first grid-connected MHP project (couple turbine),
100% made in Indonesia in Cinta Mekar, Subang, West
Java.
• To date, more than 350 specialized engineers, technicians
and project developers earn their living exclusively from
the MHP sector. This represents a considerable
accumulated experience in all aspects of building and
operating MHP plants.
• The electro-mechanical MHP equipment of more than 400
micro and mini hydro power plants was produced in
Bandung, West Java in the last 10 years. Turbines and
control systems from Bandung were installed throughout
Indonesia and exported to more than a dozen countries in
Asia, Europe and Africa, namely Cameroon, Ethiopia,
Germany, Great Britain, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia,
Mozambique, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Philippines,
Switzerland, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zaire.
OUTLINE
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Introduction
Involvement
Technology Cooperation
MHP Technology Cooperation……”narrowing the gaps”
Target: A-Z made in Indonesia, from Water to Wire
Enhancing local content in MHP sector
Technology Transfer as Precondition …
…for sustainable Access to Clean Energy
Technology Transfer = Training
Successful technology transfer requires
sustained input to achieve tangible
impacts.
How has this been achieved ?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Turbine technology transfer (cross
flow, propeller,….) in design,
manufacturing, installation and
commissioning
Development and introduction of
standardized civil structure designs
Development of Control Technology
Various appropriate technology for
productive end-use activities (good
practices: from turbine to turbine)
Development and introduction of
appropriate institutional models.
This is a long term undertaking and requires constant
measured inputs; short “fast track” strategies do not work
OUTLINE
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Introduction
Involvement
Involvement (1)
Some issues that have to be considered in adopting international standard:
• differences in legal and regulatory requirements, or
• differences in technical needs/infrastructures, or
• differences in climatic conditions.
Recent work of the national STC on MHP:
adaptation/modification of international standard for rural
electric power plant installation up to 20 kW capacity of
micro hydro electric power plant.
Involvement (2)
Standards are useless without appropriate testing
facilities!!
Bad Example: adoption of IEC 61701 ed.1.0. “Salt
mist corrosion testing of photovoltaic (PV) modules”
(SNI 04-4519.2-1998).
Certification (under MEMR Regulation):
• Equipments (manufacturer)
• Operation (operator)
• Competency (personnel)
Representation of local industries/manufacturers in
the National Technical Committee of RE Standardization
Standardization of Cross-flow Turbine Design
Introduction of Standardized X-flow Turbine Designs
• The runner can easily be adapted
to the flow, by changing its width.
Thus it is easily possible to build
the turbine to fit precisely with the
site conditions.
• The simple design allows good
standardization and manufacturing
without sophisticated
manufacturing
facilities.
• The costs are low compared
with other turbine designs.
Engineering Capacity Exists
• Capability of Indonesian
manufacturers of MHP equipment
for schemes upto 1MW has been
proven both domestically and
Internationally .
• Engineering infrastructure in the
country facilitates the manufacture
of high quality/performance
equipment.
Electro mechanical equipment
can now be produced locally
covering a wide range of types
and sizes suitable for a variety
of projects (stand alone,
captive, grid connected)
HYCOM: a regional Hydropower Competence
Centre Bandung, Indonesia
Public Private Partnership between TEDC Bandung and PT. Entec Indonesia,
supported by ASEAN Centre for Energy (ACE) and GIZ under the AGMHP.
HYCOM offers:
1.Training activities
• Standard trainings
• Tailor-made trainings
• Workshops/Seminars
• Study tours
2.Laboratory testing of MHP equipment with
regard to reliability, safety and efficiency
3.Support for the development of MHP sites
4.Networking and exchange of MHP-related
information
OUTLINE
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Introduction
Involvement
Conclusion
1. The key factors for success of turbine technology transfer are:
• technology transfer mainly has to be based on continuous and long term
training measures. A singular training session without feedback cycles is less
efficient and especially less sustainable.
• number of manufacturers must fit to the demand at the market.
• further local technology development is only possible if the market provides for
sufficient orders which can be fostered by high opportunity costs for energy
(hydropower must be competitive), a favorable national policy and regulatory
framework, access to (micro) financing, etc. is needed.
• various appropriate technology for productive end-use activities
2. Local municipalities, village institutions and communities can be integrated into
ownership and operation models providing stimulus to local economies
contributing to rural development. For MHP projects <1MW the overall “local
content” of works is >80% therefore provides stimulus to local economies through
employment.
3. Successful implementation of the national standards should consider the
differences in legal and regulatory requirements, technical needs/infrastructures,
and climatic conditions.
Recommendation
• There is a considerable and growing demand to develop and distribute the
existing know-how about the use of small-scale hydropower and sustain
networking in order to further develop MHP in the developing countries
(exchange know-how). IRENA could facilitate involvement of SME’s/private
companies, particularly MHP sector for further technical cooperation.
Exchange know-how
MHP Published Materials
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN DAN KONSERVASI ENERGI
KEMENTERIAN ENERGI DAN SUMBER DAYA MINERAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA

MHP project in Indonesia - The International Renewable Energy

Transcription

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