updating material of study subject flower growing (in

Transcription

LANDSCAPING FACULTY
DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
STUDY PROGRAMME: GARDENING TERRITORIES AND THEIR DESIGN (code) 653H93002
LAIMA MARKEVIČIENĖ
UPDATING MATERIAL OF STUDY SUBJECT
FLOWER GROWING (IN GREENHOUSES)
ATNAUJINIMO MEDŽIAGA PROJEKTUI
TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT
‘INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
IN THE ENGINEERING STUDY FIELD PROGRAMMES
AND THEIR UPDATING BY CUSTOMIZING TO MEET
COURSE DELIVERY NEEDS OF INTERNATIONAL
STUDENTS AT THE LANDSCAPING FACULTY OF KAUNO
KOLEGIJA/UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES‘
(VP1-2.2-ŠMM-07-K-02-045)
Mastaičiai
2012
Educational Institution:
Kauno Kolegija / University of Applied Sciences
Study Programme:
Growing Territories and their Design
Study Subject Programme
FLOWER GROWING
1. The Annotation. Study Field Subject, in which decorative, morphological and bioecological characteristics
of annual, biennial, perennial, bulbous, room: greenhouses and interior flowers are analyzed. Knowledge and
abilities when evaluating and applying them in growing territories and interior are given.
2. The Aim of the Programme. To describe and evalaute grass decorative plants, by choosing them for
growing territories and interiors of different types, to develope the skills of plants researches and holistic
attitude when performing professional solutions.
3.The Length in Credits and Hours:
Structure
Study
subject
title
Flower growing
1. Outside
2. Room
Length
in
ECTS
credits
Lectures,
hours
Practical
works,
hours
Consultations,
hours
Individual
work, hours
In total:
hours
12
6
6
69
29
40
72
39
33
19
12
7
160
80
80
320
160
160
Assessment
Examination
Examination
4.Prerequisites: Chemistry and Plants Protection, Fundamentals of Agronomy, Information Technologies,
Foreign Language.
5. Links between Learning Outcomes and Intended Study Subject Outcomes and Student
Achievement Assessment Methods:
Learning outcomes
Intended study subject
outcomes
1. To evaluate and know
the decorative and garden
plants by analyzing their
anatomy, morphology,
systematics, bioecological
pecularities and the
newest growing
technologies.
1.1. To know outside and
room flowers.
2.To be able to identify
and analyze the occuring
problems related to the
activity of selecting of
decorative and garden
plants for growing
territories and their
2.1. To choose the assortment
of grass decorative plants for
a concrete growing object.
1.2. To know the
bioecological and decorative
pecularities of outside and
room flowers.
2.2.To be able to compare the
distinguishing pecularities of
different flowers taxones
Study methods
Lecture, telling, explanation,
demonstration, answer to
demonstration, discussion,
questions - answers, presenting
of presentations for students in
virtual medium.
Creative works with
information sources.
Individual work with computer
programmes (NetOp School
and Flores- 2008), practical
individual works in virtual
medium (Moodle).
Creative works with
Student achievement
assessment methods
Testing, frontal inquiry,
examination.
Individual verbal inquiry, study
achievements folder
growing by determining
their solution methods and
means.
3.To know how to gather,
analyze and interpret the
data obtained from
practical observations,
researches, measurements
and other information
sources and to provide
them from importance
aspect in written, visual or
graphic form.
4.To develope a holistic
attitude by making
professional solutions,
balancing the
consumption, use, safety,
quality, reliability,
ecology, aesthetics,
appearance and influence
to environment.
based on qualitative and
quantitative evaluation
criteria.
3.1.To know how to perform
the phenological observations
of flowers and biometrical
measurements.
3.2.To be able to adapt the
flowers of different
bioecological groups for
paterres and interior
decoratiob and to provide the
generalized solutions in
written, visual or graphic
form.
4.1.To evaluate the parterrres
and interiors in the aspects of
artistic expression, assortment
and supervision.
Paper work.
Reading of individual work,
observation of verbal reports
Research report.
Presentation of individual tasks
in verbal and written form.
Creative works with
Paper work. Research report.
Material of final works
(according the chosen
specialization)
Reading of individual work,
observation of verbal reports.
Assessment of final works .
6.Subject Study Plan:
Seq.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Titles of key topics
Annual and biennial flowers
Perennial flowers
Bulbous and corm flowers
Perennial
not
wintering
outside flowers
Clematises
Water poinds and their coasts
plants
Roses
Introduction. Review of
greenhouse
farm
in
Lithuania and the EU
countries
Gathered
greenhouse
flowers
Pot greenhouse flowers
Flowers in beautiful blossom
Flowers with decorative
leaves
Other interior flowers
In dividual studies of theory
topics when preparing for
midterm tets (according
subject topic)
Annual flowers in my
surrounding
and
their
application possibilities (paper
work)
Contact hour number
Practical
Lectures
Consultations
works
8
14
2
10
12
3
5
6
2
2
4
2
1
1
Individual work
hours
Total number of
hours for study
per topic
24
25
13
8
1
1
2
2
2
4
3
1
6
4
5
4
1
10
6
4
8
3
4
10
1
1
2
10
9
20
13
12
2
48
27
48
20
20
16.
Making of flowers assortment
for X growing territory
(research)
17.
Room flowers with decorative
leaves (paper work)
18.
Selecting of plants assortment
for
different
premises
(research)
Total number of hours for subject
studies:
69
72
19
36
36
28
28
28
28
160
320
7. Topics of laboratory / practical works:
7.1. Getting acquainted with the topicality, translation of practical works and works performing
requirements.
7.2. Main annual flowers.
7.3. Scarcely prevalent annual flowers.
7.4. Annual flowers with decorative leaves.
7.5. Rambling annual flowers.
7.6. Dry-bloomed annual and biennial flowers.
7.7. Other annual flowers.
7.8. Biennial flowers.
7.9. Perennial flowers of spring blossom.
7.10. Perennial flowers of summer blossom.
7.11.Perennial flowers of autumn blossom.
7.12. Carpeting perennial flowers.
7.13. Rare perennial flowers.
7.14. Bulbous flowers.
7.15. Corm and not wintering outside perennial flowers.
7.16. Roses.
7.17. Gathered greenhouse flowers.
7.18. Pot greenhouse flowers.
7.19. Room flowers of beautiful blossom.
7.20. Room plants with decorative leaves.
7.21. Bromelian plants.
7.22. Ferns.
7.23. Palms.
7.24. Climbing – leaning plants.
7.25. Succulents.
7.26. Room bulbous plants.
8. Studies outcomes assessment system – Individual Cumulative Index (ICI):
Midterm exams make up a part of exam/individual paper (project) performed)
ICI= 0.2 (S) + 0.3 (P) + 0.5 (E)
where, E – examination, T – midterm assessment, S – individual work, P – practical works
9. Learning Outcome Assessment Citeria:
(Provided in a separate part of Description of the Study Programme, intended to be executed on the basis of
recommendations approved by the Ministry of Education and Science)
STUDIJŲ REZULTATŲ VERTINIMO SISTEMA
Passed, not
passed
Passed
Assessment system*
10 (excellent)
Description
Excellent, exceptional knowledge and abilities
9 (very good)
8 (good)
7 (good enough)
Substantial, good knowledge and abilities
Better than average knowledge and abilities
Average knowledge and abilities, the work includes
unessential mistakes
6 (satisfactory)
Knowledge and abilities (skills) are lower than average,
the work includes mistakes.
5 (satisfactory enough)
Knowledge and abilities (skills) satisfy minimal
requirements.
Not passed
4,3,2,1 Unsatisfactory
Minimal requirements are not satisfied.
* Knowledge may be assessed not only by points, but by a credit as well. Usually, examinations and final
papers are assessed by a grade.
10. Attendance. Attendance of practical work sessions is compulsory
11. Necessary Facilities and Learning Resources and their Brief Description:
 (educational computer programmes, laboratory equipment, demonstrational equipment, etc.)
Greenhouses and collectional growing area with the collections of room and outside flowers. Computer
programmes NetOp School, Flores -2008, Flores – 2010. Multimedia.

Reference and other sources of information:
Seq.
No.
Publishing
year
Information source (publication)
author, title and identification
number
Publishin
g
location
and
house
Kaunas
College
library
Study
Rooms
Other
libraries
(Tick the appropriate column where is the
source)
1.
2006
2.
2006
3.
2007
4.
2006
5.
1997
6.
1995
Key Information Sources
MARKEVIČIENĖ, Laima.
Kaunas,
Kambarinės gėlės.
Kauno
ISBN 9955-586-92-3
kolegijos
leidybos
centras
MARKEVIČIENĖ, Laima; ir
Vilnius,
VAIDELIENE, Janina. Kambarinių
Valstiečių
augalų auginimas ir komponavimas.
laikraščio
ISBN-847-98-2
leidykla
VAIDELYS, Jonas, et al.
Mastaičiai,
Gėlininkystė. [CD-ROM]
Želdinių ir
ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5
agrotechno
logijų
katedra
VAIDELYS, Jonas; ir
Kaunas,
KLIMAVIČIUS, Donatas.
Kauno
Svogūninės ir kitos gėlės.
kolegijos
ISBN 9955-27-002-0
leidybos
centras
VAIDELYS, Jonas; MAKŪNAS,
Vilnius,
Vaclovas; PRAKAPAITĖ, Genė.
„Margi
Daugiametės gėlės.
raštai“
ISBN 9986-09-155-1.
VAIDELYS, Jonas; MAKŪNAS,
Vilnius,
Vaclovas; PRAKAPAITĖ, Genė.
Valstybini
Vienmetės ir dvimetės gėlės
s leidybos
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
ISBN 9986-09-094-6.
MISIŪNAS, Donatas; ir
VAIDELYS, Jonas. Lietuvos želdynų
dekoratyviųjų žolinių augalų
sortimentas –FLORES-2008:
taikomoji – šviečiamoji programinė
įranga.
ISBN 978-9955-27-123-9
MISIŪNAS, Donatas; ir
VAIDELYS, Jonas. Assortment of
ornamental herbaceous plants for
green plantations of LithuaniaFLORES – 2010:educative
application program. ISBN 9789955-27-208-3.
centras
Mastaičiai,
Želdinių ir
agrotechno
logijų
katedra
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Vilnius,
„Mokslas“
√
√
√
Vilnius
Akteja
London,
The
MACMIL
LAN
PRESS
LTD
Vilnius,
Alma
Littera
Vilnius
√
√
√
7.
2008
8.
2010
9.
2011
10.
1992
11.
2009
ACQUAAH, George. Horticulture.
Principles and practices.ISBN 9780-13-159247-6.*
12.
2010
B.E.VAN WYK,
J.MAREE. Cut Flowers of the
World .ISBN 9781604691948.*
Additional reading
√
1.
1991
BALIŪNIENĖ, Angelė; ir
JUODKAITĖ, Regina. Tulpės.
P.V.NELSON.Greenhouse
Operation and Management (7th
Edition) ISBN 978-0132439367*
HUXLEY, A. Success with House
Plants. ISBN 0-89577-052-0.*
BALIŪNIENĖ, Angelė;
SAMSONAITĖ, Julija;
TARVYDAS, Jonas. Svogūninės
gėlės.
DAINAUSKAITĖ, Danutė; ir
VAIDELYS, Jonas.Ankstyvosios
daugiametės gėlės.
ISBN 5-420-00064-4
Gėlės ant palangės.ISBN 978-995521-218-8.*
GRIFFITHS, Mark. Index of
Garden Plants.
ISBN 0-88192-246-3*
2.
1983
3.
1988
4.
2008
5.
1997
6.
1997
HEITZ, Halina.Gėlių knyga.
ISBN 9986-444-30-6
7.
2003
HESSAYON, D.G. Kambarinės
Departmen
t of Green
Plantations
and Agro
Technolog
ies of
Landscapi
ng faculty
of Kaunas
College.
√
New
York/
Montreal.
New
Jersey:
Pearson
Prentice
Hall.
Vilnius
„Mūsų
sodų“
žurnalo
priedas
Vilnius,
„Mokslas“
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
gėlės. ISBN 978- 9955-21-151-8.
SNIEŠKIENĖ, Vilija;
VARKULEVIČIENĖ, Judita; ir
JURONIS, Vidmantas. Kambarinės
gėlės.
ISBN 9955-9313—0-2.*
VAIDELIENĖ, Janina; ir
VAIDELYS, Jonas. Darželio
gėlės.ISBN 9955-416-43-2.
8.
2000
9.
2001
10.
2003
VAIDELYS, Jonas. Daugiametės
gėlės.ISBN 9955-416-70-X.
11.
1977
VAIDELYS, Jonas. Gėlių
karalystėje.ISBN 9986-520-68-1
12.
2008
13.
2005
14.
2011
VAIDELYS,Jonas; ir MISIŪNAS,
Donatas. Dekoratyviųjų žolinių
augalų sortimentas Lietuvos
želdynams.
ISBN 978-9955-27-5
VARKULEVIČIENĖ , J.; IR
SASNAUSKAS , V. Žydinčios
kambarinės gėlės. ISBN 9955-5278-4.
BARONIENĖ, Valerija et al. Sodo
knyga.ISBN 978-9955-38-998-9.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Kaunas,
„Margažie
dis“
√
√
√
„Ūkininko
patarėjo“
leidybos
centras
Kaunas
„Ūkininko
patarėjo“
leidybos
centras
Kaunas,
„Ūkininko
patarėjo“
leidybos
centras
Kaunas,
Kauno
kolegijos
leidybos
centras
Vilnius,
Aktėja
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Vilnius,
Alma
littera
Periodical information sources
Garten und Landschaft
Munchen,
ISSN 0016-4720
Deutschland
Lanscape Architecture
Washington,
ISSN 0023-8031
USA
Цветоводство
Moskva
ISSN 0041-4905
Rosija
Ландшафтный дизайн
Moskva
Be ISSN, UDK 712.01
Rosija
Rasos
Kaunas,
ISSN 2029-1140
Lietuva
Sodo spalvos
Vilnius,
ISSN 1392-5849
Lietuva
Mano gėlynas.
Vilnius ,
ISSN 1648-4924
Lietuva
Online information sources
Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė
http://www.sodospalvos.lt/
Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė
http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/
Encyclopedia of flowers
http://www.flowerdictionary.com/list.html*
http://www.iflorist.co.uk tc-75flower-encyclopedia.aspx*
Reference Libarary- Science-
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
6.
HowPlants and Flowers Grow
http://www.kidport.com/.../
Science/*
Flower Science Fair Projects and
Experiments
http://www.juliantrubin.com/*
* - reference for international students
NOTE: Since the subject is complex, in formation highlighted in sections 6, 7, 11 is attributed to the subject
‘Flower growing (of greenhouses)‘ discoursed by lecturer Laima Markevičienė.
Donatas Klimavičius and Jonas Vaidelys discourse the subject in the other semester, which is not included in
the project of study programmes renewal and application for international students, thus, the discoursed by
them part was not renewed in subject description.
Subject Programme has been prepared by: lecturer Laima Markevičienė, lecturer Jonas Vaidelys and
lecturer Donatas Klimavičius
Teacher, coordinating the Subject: Jonas Vaidelys
LANDSCAPING FACULTY
STUDY PROGRAMME: GARDENING TERRITORIES AND THEIR DESIGN (code) 653H93002
METHODOLOGY OF INDIVIDUAL WORK OF SUBJECT
Mastaičiai
2012
The Aim of Individual Work
Intended study subject
outcomes
Goals of Individual Work
Topics
Structure of Research
Methodological advice
Assessment
To perform and present a research
To evaluate the morphological, decorative and bioecological
pecularities of room flowers with decorative leaves.
To know flowers reproduction methods and supervision works.
To evaluate and illustrate the application possibilities.
1.To deepen the flower growing knowledge by forming theoretical
and individual work skills of students when analyzing and assessing
the obtained results.
2.To develope the skills to use information sources and other
material necessary for work performing.
3. To relate theoretical knowledge with practical skills by choosing
flowers assortment for concrete surrounding and interior growing
territories.
‘Choosing the interior plants assortment for different premises‘
(creative problematic investigative method).
Topics:
1. To make and evaluate the assortment of interior flowers for
living premises.
2. To make the assortment of interior flowers for cool premises.
3. To make the assortment of interior flowers for poorly
enlighted premises.
4. To make the assortment of interior flowers for children
institution premises.
5. To make the assortment of interior flowers for X premises.
6. To evaluate the possibilities of X family plants application
in interiors.
Student is remained teh right to choose topics (especially large
possiblities when choosing 5, 6 topics
Introduction
Practice topics and tasks are analyzed
Conclusions
Information sources
Annexes
Requirements for paper work:
1. The analyzed goals are stated in topic tasks;
2. Reference of foreign and Lithuanian authors as well as other
information sources are used and their analysis necessary for the
performing of a concrete task is performed;
3. Conclusions are suitably formalized;
4. research is suitably formalized.
Introduction should include concretely and clearly formulated
problem of individual work, the aims and tasks of work are named.
The part of analyzed research topics should include the solutions of
formulated goals as well as information sources material systemized
and generalized.
Conclusions is an important part of research. Conclusions must be
concrete, briefly formulated, correspond topics tasks, aim and goals.
Description of criteria
10 (excellent). Topics are analyzed comprehensively, the text is very
clear. The newest reference and other information sources are used.
Formalization of Research
Understands perfectly and uses the concepts. Excellent analyzing
and assessment skills. Excellent presentation skills.
9 (very good). Topics are analyzed very well. Understands very well
the analyzed material and used concepts. Very good assessment
skills. assessment skills performing quality and presentation skills.
8 (good). Topics are analyzed well. Knowledge is better than
average and it is applied when solving practical problems.
Understands well the concepts and applies them. Good performing
quality and presentation skills.
7 (good enough). Topics are analyzed averagely, the work includes
unessential mistakes. Main reference is used. Topic is developed
incoherently. Understands and uses the concepts. Good performing
quality and satisfactory presentation skills.
6 (satisfactory). Topics are analyzed satisfactory. Knowledge is lower than
average. Understands satisfactorily the concepts. Got acquainted with
main material. Satisfactory performing quality and presentation skills.
5 (satisfactory enough). Topics are analyzed poorly. Knowledge satisfy
minimal requirements. Satisfactory performing quality and presentation
skills.
4 , 3, 2, 1 (unsatisfactory and less)
Knowledge does not satisfy minimal requirements. Partially plagiarised
work.
Font: Times New Roman, font type: plain, font size: 12pt, format:
A4, margins: upper and lower: 2 cm, left: 3 cm, right: 1.5 cm.
Fornt page, content
Introduction
Analyzed topic aim and goals
Review of information sources
Results and their discussion
Conclusions
Information sources
Annexes
Reference and other sources of information:
Seq.
No.
Publishin
g year
Information source
(publication) author, title and
identification number
Publish
ing
Kaunas
location College
and
library
house
Study
Rooms
Other
libraries
(Tick the appropriate column where is the
source)
1.
2006
2.
2011
Key Information Sources
MARKEVIČIENĖ, Laima.
Kaunas,
Kambarinės gėlės.
Kauno
ISBN 9955-586-92-3
kolegijos
leidybos
centras
P.V.NELSON.Greenhouse
Operation and Management (7th
Edition) ISBN 978-0132439367*
√
√
√
√
1992
HUXLEY, A. Success with House
Plants. ISBN 0-89577-052-0.*
4.
2009
ACQUAAH, George. Horticulture.
Principles and practices.ISBN 9780-13-159247-6.*
5.
2010
B.E.VAN WYK,
J.MAREE. Cut Flowers of the World
.ISBN 9781604691948.*
Additional reading
√
1.
2008
√
2.
1997
Gėlės ant palangės.ISBN 978-995521-218-8.*
GRIFFITHS, Mark. Index of Garden
Plants.
ISBN 0-88192-246-3*
3.
2000
SNIEŠKIENĖ, Vilija;
VARKULEVIČIENĖ, Judita; ir
JURONIS, Vidmantas. Kambarinės
gėlės.
ISBN 9955-9313—0-2.*
New
York/
Montreal.
New
Jersey:
Pearson
Prentice
Hall.
√
3.
Vilnius
Akteja
London,
The
MACMIL
LAN
PRESS
LTD
Kaunas,
„Margažie
dis“
Online information sources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Žurnalo „Sodo spalvos“ svetainė
http://www.sodospalvos.lt/
Žurnalo „Rojaus sodai“svetainė
http://www.rojaussodai.lt/lt/
http://www.flowerdictionary.com/list.html*
http://www.iflorist.co.uk tc-75flower-encyclopedia.aspx*
Reference Libarary- ScienceHowPlants and Flowers Grow
http://www.kidport.com/.../
Science/*
Flower Science Fair Projects and
Experiments
http://www.juliantrubin.com/*
*- reference for international students
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
LANDSCAPING FACULTY
STUDY PROGRAMME: GARDENING TERRITORIES AND THEIR DESIGN (code) 65304T202
UPDATING MATERIAL OF STUDY SUBJECT
ATNAUJINIMO MEDŽIAGA PROJEKTUI
TO SUPPORT THE PROJECT
‘INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
IN THE ENGINEERING STUDY FIELD PROGRAMMES
AND THEIR UPDATING BY CUSTOMIZING TO MEET
COURSE DELIVERY NEEDS OF INTERNATIONAL
STUDENTS AT THE LANDSCAPING FACULTY OF
KAUNO KOLEGIJA/UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED
SCIENCES‘
(VP1-2.2-ŠMM-07-K-02-045)
Mastaičiai
2012
Study Programme:
Growing Territories and their Design
Subject:
Flower growing (greenhouses)
Topics: TYPES OF GREENHOUSES AND THEIR EQUIPPING IN LITHUANIA AND THE
EU, GROWING OF POT GREENHOUSE FLOWERS
1. Structure of topics: To describe the equipment of greenhouses. To evaluate the
pecularities of flowers assortment and their growing in the greenhouses of Lithuania and
Roundstone Nurseries in the United Kingdom. To describe the decorative and bioecological
characterstics of the grown flowers. To analyze the technologies of pot greenhouse flowers growing
applied in greenhouses farms.
2.The Length in hours: for topic disclosure, 10 academical hours are intended.
3.Teorinių paskaitų metu temos išdėstymui naudojami inovatyvūs metodai: lecture,
explanation, demonstration, responce to demonstration, discussion, questions - answers, providing
of presentations for students in virtual surrounding. Virtual learning surrounding Moodle (prepared
by the project ‘Development of electronical studies in Lithuanian Colledges‘ financed by the EU
Structural Fund (BPD2004-ESF-2.4.0-03.05/0179) metu). Creative works with information sources.
TYPES OF GREENHOUSES AND THEIR EQUIPPING IN LITHUANIA AND THE EU
Roundstone Nurseries greenhouses farm was established in 1985, in Angmeringe region. In
25 years, the company developed into one of the largest flowers cultivators in the United Kingdom.
The main production is annual and pot flowers, thus, different spice grasses and decorative plants
are also grown. Four years ago the company built new modern greenhouses in Chichester West
Sussex region. Exact name and address of the company is Roundstone Nurseries Ltd, Pagham road,
Lagness Chichester, West sussex, PO20 1LL. Website: www.roundstone.co.uk.
Roundstone greenhouses company makes much investment into environmental protection
projects. All used paper and carbon is gathered and recycled, all sprouts and plants of poor quality
and used substratum is recycled into a compost for growing pot flowers. Plastic and polyesthere
boxes are also gathered and recycled. All rain water saved in reservoirs and later used for plants
watering is gathered. The company aims for the accreditation of ISO 9001 quality management
systems .
The company supplies the newest equipment and devices, greenhouses are equipped with
modern computerized plants growing and maintenance systems.
Computer system regulating all flowers maintenance equipment
Watering. The plants are watered in a greenhouse by damping them from undernearth. The
water flows by hoses and the shelvings are filled automatically. Depending on the size of pots, the
number of plants in a shelving and kind of plant, the water stays in a shelving from 10 to 30 min.
The water runs out from the shelves through the hole in one end of the shelving near the path. The
hole is covered with a special plastic or metal cover with small gaps in it in order the water runs out
and the cover keeps the substrate. After the water is cummulated, cleaned, disinfected and used
again.
The plants are watered also with water hoses, moving along the shelves.
Watering system
Fertilization. The plants are additionally fertilized by combining the fertilization with
watering. When watering every time, the plants are fertilized with the solutions of low concentration
(0.05 – 0.1 per cent) fertilzers. The following fertilizers are usually used in a farm:
Superba – NPK + Mg + S + microelements (7:4:21).
Calcinit – N – Ca (15.5 – 19).
Hort - (microelements) B – 0.20 per cent, Co – 0.10 per cent, Fe – 1.42 per cent, Mn – 0.54
per cent, Mo – 0.03 per cent,
Zn – 0.10 per cent.
Sangral, NPK - 3:1:3, 3:2:6.
The fertilization and watering system is fully automated.
Heating. It is one of the most important systems in a greenhouse. Greenhouses are heated
by electricity. The heating in greenhouses is supplied by tubes, mounted under the shelvings and on
the walls of greenhouses. The heating is adjusted automatically.
Heating by tubes is installed at the bottom of the shelves
In one block of greenhouses, the plants requiring similar temperature and lighting are
grown.
Ventilation. Roundstone Nurseries greenhouses are equipped with heat receivers which
react automatically to the changed nature and surrounding conditions. The ventiliators are turned on
or shields (curtains) are pulled down. Ventiliators are also used for equal heat and relative air
humidity distribution in a greenhouse.
Ventilation of greenhouses by ventilators
In a farm of greenhouses, one block of greenhouses is equipped, in which the plants are
rooted. A particularly high air humidity of up to 98 per cent concentrates there and the
temperature is 25°C. As a practice, water vapour is saturated with chemical material, which
protects the plants from diseases. These are optimal conditions for plants rooting in short
period of 7 – 14 days.
Equipment. In a greenhouse farm, in order to reduce the hand work, much
technique and equipment are used.
Compost mixing and boxes filling machine
Plants planting machine
Pots with substrate arrangement on shelvings machine
Workers. The company employs 80 permanent workers and about 300 workers are
temporarily hired for spring seaons. These people perform all works in a farm from
planting to realization.
The most hand work requires preparation of flowers to realization: sticking of labels
and packaging.
Prepared for realization production
For summer season flowers are started sowing on the first week of January and are sowed till
the end of April. Sawing period takes 16 weeks.
The plants of the following genus are grown in the largest quantities for the main summer
season:
Begonias (Begonia sp.), Petunias – (Petunia sp.), Sages –(Salvia sp.), Marigolds (Tagetes
sp.), Touch-me-nots – (Impatiens sp.), canna lilies (Canna sp.), Calibrachoas (Calibrachoa sp.),
Gazanias (Gazania sp.), Suteras (Sutera sp.), Ageratums (Ageratum sp.), Dahlias (Dahlia sp.),
Lobularias (Lobularia sp.), Zinnias (Zinnia sp.), Saxifragas (Saxifraga sp.), Celosias (Celosia sp.),
Pinks (Dianhus sp.), Portulacas (Portulaca sp.), Sweet peas (Lathyrus sp.), Nicotianas (Nicotiana
sp.), Nemesias (Nemesia sp.), Monkey-flowers (Mimulus sp.), Snapdragons (Antirhinum sp.),
Diascias (Diascia sp.), Mid day flowers (Mesembryanthemum sp.), Ragworts (Senecio sp.), Lobelias
(Lobelia sp.), etc.
The sprouts of vegetatively reproduced flowers are brought from Israel, Holland and
Denmark. The sprouts are of 5-8 cm length, stored in a fridge in 6 0 C temperature, after they are
sticked into peat Jiffy tablets ‘Teku‘, which are placed or into the pots of 6 cm or into polyester
boxes.
In 10 weeks this way 12.9 mln. Units of different flowers (total number of all kinds and
species of flowers as well as the number of colours) are reproduced. Some flowers are reproduced in
seeds and in sprouts as well: Pelargonias, Verbenas, Petunias, Calibrachoas, Touch-me-nots, etc.
Form vegetatively reproduced flowers, the largest number is grown of Fuchsias (Fuchsia
sp.), Pelargonias (Pelargonium sp.), Touch-me-nots (Impatiens sp.), Verbenas (Verbena sp.) and
Grey Ragvorts (Senecio maritima).
In a smaller scope, Morning Glories (Ipomoea sp.), Torenias (Torenia sp.), Sticktights
(Bidens sp.), Cape daisies (Osteopermum sp.), Pericallis (Pericallis sp.), etc. are reproduced.
Many species of spice plants are also grown in a farm: Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum),
Thymes (Thymus sp.), Mints (Mentha sp.), Melisas (Melisa sp.), Rosemaries (Rosmarinus sp.),
Chives (Allium schoenoprasum), Common Sages (Salvia officinalis), Corianders (Coriandrum sp.),
Oreganos (Origanum sp.), etc. These are the plants which can be rgown in pots and conteiners.
GROWING OF POT GREENHOUSES FLOWERS
A wide assortment od pot greenhouse and outside flowers for planting the environment is
grown in a greenhouses farm. One of them are reproduced by seeds, the others are reproduced
vegetatively and some of them in both methods.
Sowing. The reproduced by seeds flowers are sowed by two types of machines in a
company:
1. ‘Drum‘ machine designed for sowing small amounts of seeds. It performs the sowing
process quickly and qualitatively.
2.
‘Decop‘ machine designed for sowing large amounts of boxes.
Sowing machine ‘Drum‘
Seeds are sowed into boxes made from pressed compost, they are particularly suitable for
replanting or planting into boxes from unpressed compost. When working at a maximum speed,
‘Decop‘ machine sows 400 boxes an hour.
The main suppliers of seeds are the following companies: Holland Company ‘Ball
Colegrove‘, American Companies ‘Florensis‘ and ‘Thompson & Morgan‘, Japanese Company
‚Sakata‘. Denmark Company ‘Pla – int‘. The seeds are delivered by post in cardboard boxes. The
seeds are stored in fridges in the temperature of 7 degrees. The sowing is performed into polyester
boxes with thermal layer (thick-walled).
Boxes with thermal layer
Sowing process. Empty polyester boxes are placed into a car, in which they are filled with
pressed compost and are further moved by a belt into the sowing machine, in which with a help of
vacuum from 126 to 405 seeds are sowed, (depending on the number of squares in a box). After,
already full boxes are moved further by belt through a vermiculit tube and a thin layer of it is poured
(this is a material, which is poured on the top of seeds in order to keep warmth and humidity).
The sowed seeds are mulched by a vermiculit
Vermiculit is used for the seeds of almost all kinds, except Lobelias, Pelargonias, Begonias
and Antirrhinums. Later the boxes are moved through a watering equipment, watered and
automatically placed in the piles of five units and transported to growing greenhouses.
Substratum. The plants in the company are grown in ‘Pindstrup‘ peat substratum with
fertilizers, the pH of which is 5.8 – 6.3. It is brought from Latvia. Substratum is of 8 kinds
(numbers), which is prepared for growing of different flowers. This substratum is used for
reproduction and for growing of plants as well.
Vegetative reproduction. The sprouts of vegetatively reproduced flowers are brought from
Israel, Holland and Denmark. The plants are of 5-8 cm length, stored in a fridge in the temperature
of 6 degrees, after they are sticked into peat Jiffy tablets ‘Teku‘ which are placed into the pots of 6
cm size or into polyester boxes.
Pelargonias in Jiffy tablets
This way, 12.9 mln units of different flowers are reproduced in 10 weeks (total number of
all species and breeds of flowers and the number of colours). The plants are planted by replanting
machines.
Plants replanting machine
Most of flowers are replanted into polyester boxes. The planted flowers are transported to
greenhouses.
The flowers in a farm are grown in two periods (seasons): winter - spring and spring summer (mostly for environment growing). In these periods, the assortment of the grown production
differs.
The assortment of flowers of winter – spring season and their growing
Fuchsia (Fuchsia L.) belong to Onagraceae plants family. Genus includes about 100
species. They are small decorative trees, bushes or semibushes with cross leaves, tube blooms with
red or white cup. There are many multicolour species with single or double and monocolour or
bicolour blooms, with vertical and leaning sprouts.
The following species are grown in a farm: Hybrid Fuchsias (Fuchsia hybrida Voss),
Brilliant Fuchsias (Fuchsia fulgens Moc.et Sesse ex DC.) and Creeping Fuchsia (F. Procumbens R.
Cunn. Ex A. Cunn.) [9].
Fuchsias are reproduced in a farm by sprouts which are brought from farms of Denmark.
The sprouts are sticked into pots with peat mixture in a depth of 2 cm. The size of pot is 10 11 cm.
Sprouts of Fuchsias sticked into pots
Substratum must be wet all the time. The sprouts are sprinkled with water. At the
temperature of 25°C, the sprouts form their roots in 2 weeks.
In order to form a beautiful bush of a plant, Fuchsias must be pruned. The tops of Fuchsias
are taken away over the fifth pair of leaves. The cut tops must have 4 small leaves. They are used
again for reproduction. Fuchsias need much space.
In little space, the flowers form a rot, the plants are weak and spindle. This is the main
problmen of Fuchsias.
Growing of Hybrid Fuchsias in shelvings
Cyclamens (Cyclamen L.) are perennial plants of Primulacea family.
The leaves are multilobe, they grow in groups, are round or oblong, dark green with silver
drawings in exrternal part. Their diametre is 9 - 14 cm, the length with stems is 12 - 17 cm. The
leaves keep on the plants for 90-120 days. The blooms are big, of 6 - 7 cm diametre, they grow
separately on a large (15 - 25 cm) pedicel, white, rose, red, violet or have a spot in the middle or is
with darker edges. There are also shapes with odorous blooms and with fringe petals, etc.
The seeds are sowed in July–August into the boxes filled with wet peat substratum (pH 5.5–
6.5) in rows. They are poured with a layer of 0.5 cm of the same substratum and sprinkled with
water. The boxes are stored in a temperature of 20–22o C, away from direct sunlight. The seeds
germinate in 4 weeks, the boxes are transported to the enlightened place when the sprouts start
protruding from the ground. When the sprouts have one well-developed real leaf, they are replanted
(pricked) into cassettes or small pots of 5–7 cm diameter, filled with peat substratum (pH 5.5–6.5).
The sprouts of Hybrid Cyclamens after replanting
In order to stop spindle of the plants, the temperature is reduced up to 15–17o C. The roots
grow and develope better in lower temperature. The pricking is performed carefully, since the roots
of Cyclamens are very fragile. When the pricked Cyclamens establish, the temperature is reduced up
to 12o C. When the plants have 3 developed leaves, Cyclamens are replanted for the second time into
the pots of 8–9 cm diameter, and for the third time they are replanted into the pots of 12 cm diameter
when all ground in a pot is filled with roots. The bulb is placed equally to the ground surface.
Cyclamens start blooming after 4 months from the last replanting, approximately after 7 – 8 months
from sowing, miniature breeds are replanted after 6–8 months.
Pelargonias (Pelargonium L ‘Her.) are the plants of Geraniaceae plants family. Stems can
be grass or woody. The leaves are round, lobate, feathery and sometimes very odorous. Blooms
grow in unmbrella trusses.
The following species are grown in a farm: Striped Pelargonia (P. zonale L ‘Her. Ex Aiton.),
Ivy-leaf Pelargonia (P. peltatum L ‘Her. Ex Aiton), Large-leaf Pelargonia (P. grandiflorum Willd.)
[9].
The stems of Striped Pelargonias (Pelargonium zonale) are vertical, woody, the leaves are round,
skin-deep lobate and hairy. The edges of leaves are striped. The trusses are ball-shaped with
multicolour double and single blooms. The blooms of Large-leaf Pelargonias (Pelargonium
grandiflorum) are big, the leaves of blooms have a wavy edge, they are often bicolour. Their
blossom period is comparatively short - from spring to the middle of summer. The trusses of Largeleaf Pelargonias is of 30-60 cm height, the stems are vertical. The leaves are rugose, hairy with
jagged edge.
Large-leaf Pelargonias
Ivy-leaf Pelargonias (Pelargonium peltatum) are also called leaning. The blooms and trusses
are smaller, but of light, bright colours, sometimes bicolour. They blossom very lavishly.
Palergonias are sowed in a farm in the first or second week. Striped Pelargonias
(Pelargonium zonale) ‘Cherry’ are sowed in the second week of the year (on the 11th-17th of
January), it is replanted on the 6th week (on the 8th-14th of February), there are 264 seeds in a box,
106 boxes for sowing, the number of necessary to grwo up boxes is 91.
Striped Pelargonias ‘Cherry’
Palergonias are grown in a farm in the pots of 10 - 12 cm diameter and realized in May.
Primrose (Primula L) belong to Primulaceae plants family. Native primrose is grown in a
farm (P. vulgare Hons).
Multicolourful Native Primroses
Primroses are reproduced in seeds. The seeds are sowed in August. The seeds germinate very
quickly. When sowing during summer season, after sowing the boxes are transported to fridges for 7
days, because the germination process must take place at the temperature not higher than 15 0 C .
Primroses are grown in peat substratum, in cassettes placing 6 units in each.
Primroses in cassettes
Touch-me-not (Impatiens L) belong to Balsaminaceae plants family. Busy Lizzies
(Impatiens walleriana Hook. f.) (5 – 8 cm) are grown in a farm, they are low (15-45 cm), branchy
and groundling. This specy has fleshy branchy stems and leaves. The leaves are lanceolate, with cut
edges, usually green or dark red, bronze. They grow quickly. The blooms are of 2 - 4 cm diameter,
irregular, simple and double, of different colours white, rose, violet, red, speckled and bicoloured),
single or double, individual or concentrated in trusses.
New Guinea Touch-me-nots (Impatiens New Guinea) are fleshy, of 45 cm height. The
stems are juicy, the leaves are bright (from bronze to bright green), soft and taper. The blooms are
large, larkspur, open, flat, of white, violet and yellowish rosy shades.
New Guinea Touch-me-nots ‘Harmony‘
Poinsettias (Euphorbia pulherima) belong to Euphorbiaceae plants family. The real blooms
of Poinsettias are very tiny, greenish yellow. The bracts are rose, white, red and yellowish. The
leaves are large, solid, on long stalks. Poinsettias were started growing in the 20s of last century.
Recently, many different species are derived. They differ by their period of blooming, size and
shape of trusses and leaves, colour and number of bracts and their arrangement.
The following decorative groundling Poinsettias with red monocolourful bracts are grown in
Roundstone greenhouses: ‘Cortez Fire’, ‘Cortez Electric Fire’, ‘Millenium’, ‘Prestige’, ‘Freedom
Red’.
‘Freedom Red’
Species with dark red bracts: ‘Sanora (Red Elf)’, ‘Red Diamond’.
White, yellow and rose species were grown in a farm several years before, however,
recently they are not grown any more because they are not marketable.
The planting material for Poinsettias is brought from Germany (rooted in peat ‘Jiffy‘
tablets). At the end of July (in the 29th – 30th week), they are planted into ‘Billund Pottter‘ pots of
13 cm diameter, filled with peat substratum.
The pots are placed in a greenhouse on growing tables next to each other, after 4 weeks the
tops are taken away from the flowers by leaving 4 – 5 leaves from the bottom, then they branch well
and grow many rosettes.
Formed multistem plant
The grown plants are separated (planted more rarely). At the beginning they are planted at
smaller distances and when the leaves start touching each other, they are planted at larger distances
in order not to touch with each other and get enough light from all sides. It is approximately 25 cm
between the pots.
Suitable temperature is important for plants growing and development. Optimal temperature
in a greenhouse in growing period must be 18 – 22 degrees. When the bracts gain some colour,
higher than 25 degrees temperature is maintained in a greenhouse, however, it should not fall below
15 degrees, because then the plants start throwing the leaves.
Bracts of Poinsettias in colouring process
Poinsettias are fertilized with complex ‘Hydroflex‘ (N: P: K: Mg 10: 11: 32: 3:) and calcium
nitric fertilizers, pH 5.8 – 6.2 solution. The flowers are fertilized very carefully, because from too
high salts concentration the leaves start curving. The most dangerous vermins are whiteflies.
Sale time starts in the first week of December, the flowers are placed into plastic bags and packed
into cardboard boxes in 6 units.
In 2008, up to 140 thousand Poinsettias were grown in a farm and 150 thousand in 2011.
Pansy (Viola wittrockiana Gams) belong to Violaceae plants family. They are annual,
biennial or perennial grass plants. There are known about 400 species, a wide range of subspecies
and breeds of pansies spread on all Earth. Pansies bloom early in spring and at the beginning of
summer, when annual flowers do not bloom and perennial flowers bloom little. Pansies are grown in
Lithuania as biennial flowers and in Scandinavia and England as annual flowers. Trusses grow up to
10-25 cm depending on the breed. Vertical or swelling stems are very branchy and lavishly leafy.
Lower leaves are oval, heart-shaped, egg-shaped, upper leaves are oblong lanceolate. The blooms
are single and large, of 3.5-7 cm diameter, multicolour, bicolour and tricolour. The following groups
of draught resistant pansies of early blossom have a particular value: Early Pirnas (Viola
wittrockiana Pirnaer), winter early Large-blossom Pansies (Viola wittrockiana grandiflora hiemalis)
and similar. Pansies are sowed in a farm in the 27th-33rd week of the year, i.e. in July- August. The
germ in 10-12 days. After 3 - 4 weeks the sprouts are pricked into small boxes or into separate pots.
Pansies in boxes
The roots of Pansies are strong and lavish, thus, also blooming trusses can be replanted.
Pansies are realized in a farm from January.
Pansies prepared for realization
About 200 thousand pansies are grown up in a farm.
Cinerarias (Pericallis) belong to Asteraceae plants family. They originated from Canary
Islands. Its common name is Cineraria. In the United Kingdom the plants are considered annual and
they are reproduced in seeds every year. The following species are grown: Florist's Cineraria
(earlier was Hybrid Cineraria) - Pericallis cruenta (Masson ex L.Hér.). The plants bloom in blue,
rose, red, violet, kirch, rosily red and white colours.
Florist's Cineraria - Pericallis cruenta
Madeira Groundsel (Pericallis aurita) is also grown in a farm (Pic. 3.2.1.20.). It is very
popular in the United Kingdom.
The height of plants is very different, from miniature (20 cm.) to high (40 cm.). The most
popular in the United Kingdom are miniature species. Madeira Groundsel are reproduced in a farm
in sprouts which are brought from Denmark. The plants are planted in a farm in December into peat
tablets Jiffy.
Sprouts of Madeira Groundsel and their planting
The grown up plants (after 3 weeks) are planted into the pots of 12.5-15 cm diameter filled
with light and fertile substratum. Suitable watering is important, because the plants do not tolerate
too high humidity and its shortage. The plants suffer from whiteflies, thrips and spidery mites.
REFERENCE AND OTHER INFORMATION SOURCES
1. P.V.NELSON. Greenhouse Operation and Management (7th Edition) 2011ISBN 9780132439367 ACQUAAH, George. Horticulture. Principles and practices. 2009ISBN 978-013-159247-6.
2. HUXLEY, A. Success with House Plants. ISBN 0-89577-052-0.
3. RUGYTĖ J., ANDRIUŠKEVIČIENĖ B. Gėlės šiltnamiuose. Vilnius, 1991.
4. SNIEŠKIENĖ V., ir VARKULEVIČIENĖ J., ir JURONIS V., Kambarinės gėlės. Kaunas,
2000.
5. GOLOVKINAS, B., et al. Pasaulio gėlės. Vilnius: Alma littera, 2004. 183 p. ISBN 9955-08546-0.
6. MARKEVIČIENĖ, L. Kambarinės gėlė: mokomoji priemonė. Kaunas, 2006. ISBN 9955–
586–92-3.
7. http://www.pindstrup.com/default.aspx?id=159
8. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/43581741/Introduction-Greenhouse-Floriculture-ExamplePreparing-a-Business
9. http://images.google.lt/imgres?imgurl=http://www.beekenkamp.nl/upload/ornamentals/Pelar
gonium-DecoraLila.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.beekenkamp.nl/ornamentals/categorie/386/pelargoniumpeltatum.
10. http://www.juliantrubin.com/
11. http://images.google.lt/imgres?imgurl=http://www.danziger.co.il/images_att/cbf9b2664418a
e0a140be50d639b77d3.jpg&imgrefurl
12. http://www.vlkk.lt/lit/naujienos/naujiena.1041.html
13. http://www.greenhousegrower.com/magazine/?storyid=1350
14. http://www.juliantrubin.com/Flower Science Fair Projects and Experiments
Study Programme:
Growing Territories and their design
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 1
TOPIC: GATHERED GREENHOUSE FLOWERS (4 hours)
1. The Aim: To know gathered greenhouse flowers and their bioecological characteristics.
2. The Goals:
1. To identify gathered greenhouse flowers.
2. To know the botanical names of flowers.
3. To evaluate their morphological and bioecological characteristics.
3. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: demonstration,
identification, observation, analysis.
4. Assessment of Practical Work: students must perform the indicated in practical work tasks.
The achievements assessment is threshold: 5 (satisfactory enough) – tasks are performed poorly,
knowledge satisfy minimal requirements. Satisfactory tasks performing quality. Applies
knowledge to solve simple practical problems.
Students must identify all indicated in work description flowers. Data table is provided in a
notebook or on A4 format paper sheets by writing down the topic of work, goals and task.
Students must know the decorative and biological characteristics of gathered greenhouse flowers
and their botanical names.
Theoretical Part of Practicumum
Greenhouse flowers take an important place in the assortment of gathered flowers because they
are most widely used for compositions making and create an impression of a festival, by
expressing the idea of composition even by single blooms.
Greenhouse gathered flowers are basically originated in warm countries, thus, they don‘t grow in
Lithuania outside or spend there only rest period. Most of them are short-day plants, thus they
blossom in autumn, winter and spring. The development cycle of these plants is determined by
bioecological surrounding factors which existed in their native country and which had been
maintained in a long ontogenesis of this specy development. However, it can be changed by
applying different growing technologies. For example, by shortening the length of the day by
using artificial means, you can make the chryzanthemum blossoming all year around and vice
versa: Yellow Dusty Sim will blossom all year around and will grow up qualitative blooms if
during their blossoming period we will give them additional light this way making conditions of
long day.
Main gathered greenhouse flowers
Ser.
No
Name of the plant
Alstremeria – Alstroemeria L.
Peruvian Lily – A. aurantiaca D.Don ex Sweet
Colourful Alstremeria – A. vercicolor Ruiz et Pav.
2. Anthurium– Anthurium Schott
Andres anthurium – A. andreanumLinden
Schoot anthurium – A.scherzerianum Schoot
3. Dianthus – Dianthus L.
Clove pink – D. caryophyllus L.
4. Eustoma – Eustoma
Bluebell – Eustoma grandiflorus
5. Transvaal daisy – Gerbera L.
Jameson‘s dianthus – G. Jamesonii Bolux ex Hook. f.
6. Freesia – Freesia Eckl. Ex Klatt
Freesia refracta – F. refracta (Jacq.) Klant
7. Roses – Rosa
Hybrid Tea Rose – Rosa Thea hybrida(TH)
8. Hippeastrum – Hippeastrum Herb.
Beauty Hippeastrum – Hippeastrum hortorum Maatcch
9. Lily –Lilium L.
Easter Lily - Lilium longiflorum Thunb
(Longiflorum hybrids - Longiflorum Hybrids)
Regal Lily -Lilium regale E. H. Wilson
10. Calla lily - Zantedeschia Spreng.
Colocasia aethiopica - Z.aetchiopica Spreng.
Elliottiana calla - Z.elliottianaEngl.
Pink calla lily - Z.rehmanii Engl.
Hybrid calla - Z.hybridax
1.
11. Protea - Protea cynaroides L.
King protea - Protea cynaroides L.
12. Strelitzia - Strelitzia
Crane Flower - Strelitzia regine Banks
Strelitzia nicolai– Strelitzia alba Skeels
13. Orchid
Hybrid Phaleonopsis - Phaleonopsis hybrida
Hybrid Cymbidium - Cymbidium hybrida
Work proceeding
1. A description of practical work is read and the morphological bioecological
characteristics are evalauted according the material, data is written down in Table 1 (eversion of this table is in a virtual educational medium ‘Moodle‘.
2. The gathered greenhouse flowers growing in the educative greenhouse are introduced.
3. The botanical names of flowers are learnt.
4. The obtained knowledge is checked by answering test questions.
Table 1
Name of the plant
(English and Latin)
Reproduction
The length of a
pedicel in cm
(peduncle)
Shape
Colour
Duration of
keeping fresh
(in days)
Temperature
Light
Dampness
Bioecological
characteristics
Ser. No
Decorative features of
blooms (trusses)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Note: Having electronical periodicals (indicated in information sources) or having signed in
virtual educational medium ‘Moodle‘ of Colledge, the work can be performed indivudually in
case it is not finished in auditorium.
Revision questions
1. Which of the gathered greenhouse flowers can be grown as pot plants?
2. Which of these flowers are reproduced by seeds?
3. Which species of gathered greenhouse flowers can be grown in cool premises?
4. Name short-day gathered greenhouse plants.
5. Which of these flowers blossom only in long-day conditions?
Information sources
1. ACQUAAH, George. Horticulture. Principles and practices.2009.ISBN 978-0-13159247-6.
2. HUXLEY, A. Success with House Plants. 1992.ISBN 0-89577-052-0.
3. RUGYTĖ J.; ir ANDRIUŠKEVIČIENĖ B. Gėlės šiltnamiuose. Vilnius: Spauda, 1991.
239 p. ISBN 08-546-0.
4. Gėlės ant palangės. Vilnius: Aktėja, 2008. 334 p. ISBN 978-9955-21-218-8.
5. HOLE, J. What grows here? Indoors: favorite houseplants for every situation.2007.
ISBN 9781894728065
6. RICE L.W.,.RICE R.P.Practical horticulture. 2010.ISBN 9780135038666
7. MARKEVIČIENĖ, Laima. Kambarinių gėlių auginimas ir priežiūra: mokymo priemonė
[CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978 9955–27–034
8. ЮСКЕВИЧ
Н.Н.,
ВИАЯЩЕВА А.
В.,
КРАСНОВА Т.Н.
Проьышленное
цветоводство России. И., 1990. ISBN 5-260-00156-7.
9. RHS new Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers, 2003. ISBN978-14055300575.\
10. http://homepage.corbina.net/~galkao/family.htm
11. http://www1.unece.org/unece/cgibin/unece.cgi/en/cldisp/CL1/?cl2=CL1.1.4.5.5&p=flowers&histp=flowers
12. Enciklopedia of flowershttp://www.flower-dictionary.com/list.html.
13. Reference Library- Science-How Plants and Flowers http://www.kidport.com/.../Science/
Study Programme:
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 2
TOPIC: POT GREENHOUSE FLOWERS (3 hours)
1. The Aim: To know pot greenhouse flowers and their bioecological characteristics.
2. The Goals:
1. To know pot greenhouse flowers.
2. To know the botanical names of plants.
3. To evaluate their morphological and bioecological pecularities.
3.For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: demonstration,
Crediting and Evalaution of Work
Students must know the decorative and biological characteristics of pot greenhouse flowers and
their botanical names.
In different premises grown greenhouse plants are attributed to pot plants group. These are the
plants with decorative blooms and leaves (sometimes fruit), distinguishing by an interesting habit
(external pose).
It is difficult to define a limit between pot greenhouse flowers and flowers in beautiful blossom
grown in rooms. According different classifications, they can be attributed to one or another
group.
The most popular pot greenhouse flowers
Ser. No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Name of the plant
Azalea, Indian Rhododendron – Rhododendron incidum L.
Sims Rhododendron (Rhododendron simsii Planch.)
Beloperone – Beloperone Nees.
Shrimp plant (Beloperone guttata Brandegee.)
Cyclamen – Cyclamen L.
Persian Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum Mill.)
Fuchsia – Fuchsia L.
Hybrid Fuchsia – Fuchsia x hybrida
Calceolaria - Calceolaria L.
Mixed Calceolaria (Calceolaria herbeohybrida Voss.)
Euphorbia – Euphorbia L.
Poinsetia (E.pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotzsch (sin. Puansetija (Poinsetia)
Kalanchoe – Kalanchoe Adans.
Red Bloom Kalanchoe (K.blossfeldiana Poelln.)
Primrose – Primula L.
Cup Primrose (Primula obconica Hance)
Gentle Primrose (Primula malacoides Fransh.)
Saintpaulia – Saintpaulia H. Wendl.
Saintpaulia violet (Saintpaulia Ionantha H. Wendl.)
Sinningia – Sinningia Nees
Gloxinia – Sinningia speciosa Hiern.
Regal Sinningia – Sinningia regina Spraque
Touch-me-not – Impatiens L.
Balsam Touch-me-not - Impatiens balsamina L.
New Guinea Touch-me-not - Impatiens hakeri W. Bull.
Valer Touch-me-not - Impatiens walleriana Hook. F.
Streptocarpus – Streptocarpus Lindl.
Large-leaved Streptocarpus (Streptocarpus rexii Hook.)
One-leaved Streptocarpus (Streptocarpus grandis N.E.Br.)
Work proceeding
characteristics are evalauted according the material, data is written down in Table 1
(e-version of this table is in a virtual educational medium ‘Moodle‘.
2. The pot greenhouse flowers growing in the educative greenhouse are introduced.
Table 1
Name of the plant
(English and Latin)
Reproduction
The length of a
pedicel in cm
(peduncle)
Shape
Colour
Duration of
keeping fresh
(in days)
Temperature
Light
Dampness
Bioecological
characteristics
Ser. No
blooms (trusses)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Revision questions
1. Name short-day pot greenhouse plants.
2. How can the blossom period of pot greenhouse flowers be regulated?
3. Reproduction pecularities of Saintpaulias.
4. Whch of pot greenhouse flowers can be grown as gathered plants as well?
5. Reproduction pecularities of Euphorbias.
Information sources
1. RUGYTĖ J.; ir ANDRIUŠKEVIČIENĖ B. Gėlės šiltnamiuose. Vilnius: Spauda, 239 p.
1991.
2. VARKULEVIČIENĖ J.; ir SASANAUSKAS V. Žydinčios kambarinės gėlės. Vilnius:
Aktėja, 2005. 386 p. ISBN 9955–52 –78-4
3. NELSON P.V.Greenhouse Operation and Management (7th Edition), 2011.ISBN 9780132439367
4. RICE L.W., RICE. R.P. Practical horticulture, 2010. SBN 9780135038666
5. BLAND, J.; ir DAVIDSONAS, W. Kambarinių augalų priežiūros vadovas. Vilnius:,
2002. ISBN 9955-06-083-2.
6. GOLOVKINAS, B., et al. Pasaulio gėlės. Vilnius: Alma littera, 2004. 183 p. ISBN 995508-546-0.
7. Kambariniai augalai. Vilnius: Knygų spektras, 2000. 224 p. ISBN 9955-439-03-3.
8. Цветоводство ISSN 0041-4905.
9. Rasos ISSN 2029-1140.
10. Sodo spalvos ISSN 1392-5849.
Study Programme:
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 3
TOPIC: ROOM FLOWERS IN BEAUTIFUL BLOSSOM (4 hours)
1. The Aim: To know flowers in beautiful blossom and their bioecological characteristics.
2. The Goals:
1. To identify flowers in beautiful blossom.
2. To know the botanical names of flowers.
Students must know the decorative and biological characteristics of room flowers in beautiful
blossom and their botanical names.
Most of plants in beautiful blossom are of tropic and subtropic. Blooms give to these plants a
unique beauty. Some plants bloom many times in their life and the others bloom one time: breed
fruit, seeds and die (Agavas). The blooms of some plants form in the axils of leaves or in the tops
of sprouts and the blooms of the other plants form on a bark of a stem (Cercidiphyllum), near
branches (Fig, Caco Tree). The size of the bloom is assessed according the diameter of a crown.
Almost all pot plants in beautiful blossom grown in premises bloom or at least can bloom.
Room flowers in beautiful blossom
Ser. No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Name of the plant
Acalypha - Acalypha L.
Acalypha sguarrosa (Acalypha Burm./sin.A.sanderi N.E.BR.)
Aphelandra - Aphelandra R.Br.
Aphelandra sguarrosa (Aphelandra sguarrosa Nees.)
Ardisia – Ardisia L.
Ardisia crenata (Ardisia crenata Sims.)
Bougainvill – Bougainvill ea Commex Juss.
Spectacular Bougainvill (B.spectabilis Willd.)
Curcuma – Curcuma L.
Yellow Curcuma (Curcuma zeodaria (Christm.)
Eucharis – Eucharis Planch. Et Lindon
Amazon Eucharis (Eucharis amazonica Back.)
Aeschynanthus – Aeschynanthus Jack.
Large Bloomed Aeschynanthus (Aeschynanthus Spreng.)
Marble Aeschynanthus (Aeschynanthus longicaulis R. Br.)
Lipstick Plant (Aeschynanthus pulcher (Bl.)G. Don.)
Basket Plant (Aeschynanthus speciosus Hook.)
Phalaenopsis – Phalaenopsis L.
Giant Phalaenopsis (Phalaenopsis gigantea)
Linden Phalaenopsis (Phalaenopsis lindenii)
Gardenia – Gardenia J.Ellis
Common Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis.)
Sinningia – Sinningia Nees
Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa Hiern.)
Gloriosa – Gloriosa L.
Flame lily (Gloriosa superba L.)
Ixora – Ixora L.
Chinese Ixora (Ixora chinensis Lam.)
Scarlet Jungleflame (Ixora coccinea L.)
Large Bloomed Ixora (Ixora javanica (Blume))
Jasminum – Jasminum L.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Herbal Jasminum (Jasminum officinale L.)
Jacobinia – Jacobinia Nees. Ex. Moric.
Pink Jacobinia (Jacobinia carnea Lindl.)
Small Bloomed Jacobinia (Jacobinia pauciflora Nees)
Camellia – Camellia L.
Japonese Camellia (Camellia japonica L.)
Clivia – Clivia L.
Red Clivia (Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel)
Green-tip forest lily (Clivia nobilis Lindl.)
Garden Clivia (Clivia gardenii Hook.)
Columnea – Columnea L.
Glorious Columnea (Columnea gloriosa Sprague)
Chinese hibiscus – Hibiscus rosa – sinensis K.
Crossandra – Crossandra Salisb.
Firecracker flower (Crossandra undulifolia L.)
Morel – Solanum L.
Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum L.)
Ludisia – Ludisia L.
Colourful Ludisia (Ludisia discolor L.)
Medinilla – Medinilla Gaudich.
Showy melastome (Medinilla magnifica Lindl.)
Work proceeding
Table 1
Name of the plant
(English and Latin)
Reproduction
The length of a
pedicel in cm
(peduncle)
Shape
Colour
Duration of
keeping fresh
(in days)
Temperature
Light
Dampness
Bioecological
characteristics
Ser. No
blooms (trusses)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Revision questions
1. Reproduction pecularities of room plants of beautiful blossom.
2. Which of plants of beautiful blossom can be grown in cooler premises?
3. Fertilization pecularities of flowers of beautiful blossom.
4. Name the factors, conditioning the period of flowers blossom.
5. The most suitable time of transplantation of flowers of beautiful blossom.
Information sources
1. HOLE, J. What grows here? Indoors: favorite houseplants for every situation.2007. ISBN
9781894728065
3. VARKULEVIČIENĖ J.; ir SASANAUSKAS V. Žydinčios kambarinės gėlės. Vilnius:
Aktėja, 2005. 386 p. ISBN 9955–52 –78-4.
[CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai: Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978 9955–27–
034–8
5. Kambariniai augalai. Vilnius: Knygų spektras, 2000. 224 p. ISBN 9955-439-03-3.
6. GOLOVKINAS, B., et al.Pasaulio gėlės. Vilnius: Alma littera, 2004. 183 p. ISBN 995508-546-0.
Study Programme:
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 4
TOPIC: ROOM PLANTS WITH DECORATIVE LEAVES (10 hours)
1. The Aim: To know room flowers with decorative leaves and their bioecological
characteristics.
2. The Goals:
1. To identify room flowers with decorative leaves.
4. Individual task: to make an assortment of room flowers for different premises (task is
provided by a lecturer).
identification, observation, analysis
4. For the performance of Practical Work, the innovative methods are used: demonstration,
Assessment of Practical Work: students must perform the indicated in practical work tasks.
Students must know the decorative and biological characteristics of flowers and their botanical
names.
It is the largets group of interior flowers, recently especially assessed due to their beautiful and
long-term decorative leaves. Plants of different shape, structure and colours pattern fit nicely in
different interiors (Pic. 1).
Simple leaves
Complex leaves
Pic. 1. Shapes of leaves
1 - round; 2 - elliptical; 3 – egg-shaped; 4 - conversely egg-shaped; 5 - peltate; 6 - reniform; 7 –
heart-shaped; 8 - conversely heart-shaped; 9 – wedge-shaped; 10 - hastate; 11 – arrow-shaped;
12 – shovel-shaped; 13 - lanceolate; 14 - linear; 15 - conifer; 16 – scale-shaped; 17 - pair
feathery; 18 - single feathery; 19 - double feathery; 20 - breaking feathery; 21 - trefoil; 22 –
fingered (Vaidelys, 2007)
Room plants with decorative leaves
Ser.
No
1.
Name of the plant
Aglaonema – Aglaonema Schott.
Philippine evergreen (Aglaonema commutatum Schott.)
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Araucaria – Araucaria Juss.
Norfolk Island Araucaria (Araucaria heterophylla Salisb.)
Pitcher-Plant – Nepenthes L.
Great Pitcher-Plant (Nepenthes maxima Reinw.)
Aspidistra – Aspidistra Ker Gawl.
cast-iron plant (Aspidistra elatior Blume.)
Aucuba – Aucuba Thunb.
Japanese Aucuba (Aucuba japonica Thunb.)
Begonia – Begonia L.
Metalin Begonia (Begonia metallica W.G.Sm.)
Regal Begonia (Begonia rex. Putz)
Bover Begonia (Begonia boweri)
Cycas – Cycas L.
Common cycas (Cycas revoluta Thunb.)
Dracaena – Dracaena Vand. Ex L.
Cornstalk dracaena (Dracaena deremensis Engl.)
Fragrant dracaena (Draceana fragrans L.)
Dragontree (Draceana marginata Lam.)
Dizygotheca – Dizygotheca N.E Br.
Elegant Dizygotheca (D. Elegantissima Veitch EX Mast.)
Dumbcane – Dieffenbachia Schott.
Spotted dumbcane (Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.))
Fatsia – Fatsia Decne. Et Planch.
Japanese Fatsia (Fatsia Japonica (Thunb., Ex Murray) Decne Et Planch)
Phylodendron – Phylodendron Schott.
Climbing Phylodendron (P.scandens K. Koch et Sellowlplonas)
Velvet leaf Philodendron (P. Verrucosum Matthieu ex Schott)
Elegant Phylodendron (P. Elegans E.H.L. Krause)
Pink Phylodendron (P. Erubescens K.Koch et Augustin)
Fig – Ficus L.
Benjamin's fig (Ficus benjamina L.)
Fiddleleaf fig (Ficus lyrata L.)
Creeping fig (Ficus pumila L.)
Rubber fig (Ficus elastica Roxb.)
Fresh fig (Ficus carita L.)
Gynura – Gynura Cass.
Swinging Gynura (Gynura scandens O.Hoff.)
Chlorophytum – Chlorophytum L.
Spider plant (Chlorophytum comosum L.)
Yucca – Yucca L.
Aloe yucca (Yucca aloifolia L.)
Elephant yucca (Yucca elephantipes Regal.)
Ctenanthe – Ctenanthe Eichler.
Openheim Ctenanthe (C. Oppenheimiana (E.Morr.)sin. C.setosa)
Lubers Ctenanthe (C.lubbersiana (E.Moor.)Eichl.))
Calathea – Calathea G. Mey.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
Zebra plant (Calathea zebrina)
Macoy Calathea (Calathea makoyana E.Morren)
Cordyline – Cordyline Comm.Ex. R. Br.
Red Cordyline (C.rubra Hugel ex Kunth)
Wide-leaved Cordyline (C.terminalis Kunth., sin. C. Fruticosa (L.)
Vertical Cordyline (C. Stricta (Sims.) Endl.)
Cypress – Cupressus L.
Evergreen Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.)
Croton – Codiaeum A. Juss.
Garden croton (Codiaeum variegatum L.(Juss.)
Maranta – Maranta L.
Prayer plant (Maranta leuconeura E.)
Bicolor maranta (Maranta Bicolor Ker Gawl.)
Monstera – Monstera Adanson.
Delicious monstera (Monstera deliciosa Liebm.)
Nolina – Nolina Michx (sin. Beaucarnea recurvata)
Mexican Grass Tree (Nolina longifolia (Schult.)Hemsl.)
Ponytail palm (Nolina recurvata (Le.) Hemsl.)
Pachira – Pachira L.
Malabar chestnut (Pachira aguatica Aubl.)
Peperomia – Peperomia Ruiz et Pav.
Emerald ripple peperomia (Peperomia caperata Juncker.)
Felted Peperomia (Peperomia incana Horv.)
Pilea – Pilea Lind.
Watermelon pilea (Pilea cadierei Gagnep. Et. Guillaumin)
Rhoeo – Rhoeo L.
Oyster plant (Rhoeo discolor)
Sansevieria – Sansevieria Thunb.
Snake plant (Sanseviera trifasciata Prain.)
Somali Hemp (Sanseviera grandis Hook .f)
Syngonium – Syngonium Schott.
Blue Eared-pheasant (S.auritum (L.) Schott.)
Goose foot plant (S. Podophyllum Schott.)
Schefflera – Schefflera L.
Umbrella plant (Schefflera arboricola (Hayata)
Tetrastigma – Tetrastigma (Mig.) Planch
Chestnut Vine (Tetrastigma voinerianum (Baltet) Pieree ex Gagnep.)
Spath – Spathiphyllum (L.) Schott
Snowflower (S.floribundum (Lind. Et Andre)
Peace Lily (S. Cannifolium Schott.)
Papyrus – Cyperus L.
Umbrella papyrus (Cyperus alternifolius L.)
Zamioculcas – Zamioculcas Schott.
Zanzibar Gem (Zamioculcas zamiifolia Engl.)
Work proceeding
6. The room flowers with decorative leaves growing in the educative greenhouse are
introduced.
Table 1
Name of the plant
(English and Latin)
Reproduction
The length of a
pedicel in cm
(peduncle)
Shape
Colour
Duration of
keeping fresh
(in days)
Temperature
Light
Dampness
Bioecological
characteristics
Ser. No
blooms (trusses)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Revision questions
1. Name the species of plants which can grow in sunny premises.
2. Name the species of plants growing in cool premises.
3. Which of these plants tolerate the light shortage?
4. Which of room plants with decorative leaves require the brightest lighting?
5. What methods of reproduction are used to reproduce room plants with decorative leaves?
6. Why do the speckled forms of room plants require a brighter lighting?
Information sources
ISBN 9781894728065
3. MARKEVIČIENĖ, L. Kambarinės gėlė: mokomoji priemonė. Kaunas, 2006. ISBN
9955–586–92-3.
4. VARKULEVIČIENĖ, J., et al. Namuose – nauja gėlė. Kaunas, 2004. ISBN 9955-577-053.
034–8.
6. GOLOVKINAS, B., et al.Pasaulio gėlės. Vilnius: Alma littera, 2004. 183 p. ISBN 995508-546-0.
Study Programme:
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 5
TOPIC: BROMELIAN PLANTS (2 hours)
1. The Aim: To know the bromelian plants and their description.
2. The Goals:
1. To know the bromelian plants.
Students must know the decorative and biological characteristics of bromelian flowers and their
botanical names.
Bromelian (Bromeliaceae Juss.) pants are named in the memory of Swedish doctor Olaf Bromel.
1700 genuses are attributed to Bromelian (Bromeliaceae) family. European people for the first
time heard about these strange plants from Columbus, when he sailed to the New World for the
second time (in 1493). Most of Bromelian plants grow in wet forest. They are epyphites, which
only clip by roots and absorb nutritiants through teh leaves from rain and dew (echmeyas,
bilbergias, neoregelias, frysias, nydularias, etc.).
Shape of a truss of Bromelian
plants (flocculent at the top;
rosette at the bottom) (Success
with House Plants, 2008)
Truss of Bromelian plants (hidden, in a
rosette at the top; leaning ear on the
right side at the bottom; upclimbing ear
on the left side at the bottom)
Bromelian plants
Ser.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Name of the plant
Pineapple – Ananas Mill.
Aechmea – Aechmea Ruiz et Pav.
Urn plant (Aechmea fasciata Baker)
Bromelia – Bromelia L.
Billbergia - Billbergia Thunb.
Nodding Banksia (B. nutans H. Weendl. Ex Regel)
Guzmania – Guzmania Ruiz et Smith.
Vriesea – Vriesea Lindl.
Cryptanthus – Cryptanthus Otto et Dietr.
Earth Star (Cryptanthus bivittatus)
Greyish Cryptanthus (Cryptanthus lacerdae)
Zebra Plant (Cryptanthus zonatus)
Neorgelia – Neorgelia L.B.Smith.
Blushing bromeliad (Neorgelia carolinae L.B.Smith)
Fingernail plant (Neorgelia spectabilis L.B.Smith
Niduliarium – Niduliarum Lem.
Inocent‘s Niduliarum (Niduliarum innoentii Lem)
Tillandsia – Tillandsia L.
Pink quill (Tillandsia caynea.Lind.ex.K.Koch)
Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L.)
8.
9.
10.
Work proceeding
2. The Bromelian plants growing in the educative greenhouse are introduced.
3. The botanical names of flowers are learnt. The obtained knowledge is checked by
answering test questions.
Table 1
Name of the plant
(English and Latin)
Reproduction
The length of a
pedicel in cm
(peduncle)
Shape
Colour
Duration of
keeping fresh
(in days)
Temperature
Light
Dampness
Bioecological
characteristics
Ser. No
blooms (trusses)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Revision questions
1.
Name bromelian plants - epiphites.
2.
How are the bromelian plants reproduced?
3.
Pecularities of bromelian plants watering.
4.
The most effective fertilization method of bromelian plants.
Key information sources
ISBN 9781894728065
6. GOLOVKINAS,B, et al.Pasaulio gėlės. Vilnius: Alma littera, 2004. 183 p. ISBN 995508-546-0.
7. MARKEVIČIENĖ, L.; ir VAIDELIENĖ J. Kambarinių augalų auginimas ir
komponavimas: vadovėlis. Vilnius: Valstiečių laikraštis, 2006. 171 p. ISBN-847-98-2.
8. VERMEULEN, Nico. Kambarinių gėlių enciklopedija. Vilnius, 2001. ISBN 9986-02999-6.
Study Programme:
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 6
TOPIC: FERNS (2 hours)
1.
The Aim: To know home ferns and their bioecological characteristics.
2.
The Goals:
1. To identify home ferns .
names.
Different species of ferns require different ambient temperature.
Ferns are classified into the following two groups according their temperature need:

levishing warm (about 20°C) premises,

levishing cool (about 12°C) premises.
Pic. 2. Shapes of fern leaves
1. Striped; 2. Arrow-shaped; 3.
Triangular (Success with House
Plants, 2008)
Pic. 3. Arrangement of ferns spores
1. herringbone; 2. Separately; 3a under
the leaves; 3b on sprouts
In warm premises grow the following species:
Adiantums – Adiantum L., Sword Ferns – Nephrolepsis Schoot, Staghorn Ferns – Platycerium
Desv., Spleenworts – Asplenium L., Cyrtomiums – Cyrtomium C. and some Pteres – Pteris L.
In cooler premises grow better the following species:
Cretiam Pter – P. cretica L., Long-leaved Pter – P. longifolia L. and other species of Pter,
Japanese Holly Fern – C. falcatum Presl.
Ferns
Ser. No
Name of the plant
1.
Adiantum – Adiantum L.
Rough Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum hispidulum Sw.)
Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum caudatum L.)
Cyrtomium – Cyrtomium L.
Fishtail Holly Fern (Cyrtomium caryotideum (Wall. ex Hook. et
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Grev.) C. Presl)
Japanese Holly Fern (Cyrtomium falcatum (L. f.) C. Presl)
Davallia – Davallia L.
Deer-Foot Fern (Davallia canariensis (L.) Sm.
Squirrel's Foot Fern (Davallia mariesii T. Moore ex Baker)
Man Fern (Davallia pectinata Sm)
Sword Fern – Nephrolepsis Schoot.
Common Sword Fern (Nephrolepsis exaltata Shott)
Giant Sword Fern (Nephrolepsisbiserrata Schoot)
Tuber Ladder Fern (Nephrolepsis cordifolia L.)
Feathered Sword Fern (Nephrolepsispectinata Schoot)
Staghorn Fern – Platycerium Desv.
Elkhorn Fern (Platycerium bifurcatum (Cav.) C.Chr.)
Pter - Pteris L.
Cretian Pter (Pteris creticaL.)
Large-Leaved Pter (Pteris grandifolia L.)
Spleenwort – Asplenium L.
Birds Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus L.)
Work Proceeding
Table 1
Name of the plant
(English and Latin)
Reproduction
The length of a
pedicel in cm
(peduncle)
Shape
Colour
Duration of
keeping fresh
(in days)
Temperature
Light
Dampness
Bioecological
characteristics
Ser. No
blooms (trusses)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Revision questions
1. What are the shapes of fern leaves?
2. How are the ferns classified according their temperature need?
3. Methods of ferns reproduction.
4. What botanical families do the ferns belong to?
Information sources
3. MARKEVIČIENĖ, L. Kambarinės gėlės: mokomoji priemonė. Kaunas, 2006. ISBN
9955–586–92-3.
ISBN 9781894728065
Study Programme:
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 7
TOPIC: PALMS (2 hours)
1. The Aim: To identify palms and to know how to describe them.
2. The Goals:
1. To identify palms.
knowledge satisfy minimal requirements
Students must know the decorative and biological characteristics of palms and their botanical
names.
Students must know decorative and biological characteristics of palms and their botanical
names.
1 pav. Vėduokliški palmų lapai2 pav. Plunksniški palmių lapai
(Success with House Plants. New York, 2008)
Feathery leaves have the following species:
Phoenix - Phoenix L., Coconut Palm - Cocos L., Howea – Howea L., Chamedorea –
Chamedorea L.
Fan-shaped leaves have the following species:
Washingtonia - Washingtonia H. Wendl., Miniature Palm - Chamaerops L., Livistona Livistona L. Br., Sabal Palm - Sabal Adans.
Main species of palms
Ser.No
1.
2.
3.
Name of the plant
Areca – Areca L.
Areca Nut Palm (Areca cathecu L.)
Phoenix – Phoenix L.
Canary Date Palm (Phoenix canariensis Chabaud.)
Pygmy Date Palm (Phoenix roebelinii O. Bien.)
Howea – Howea L.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Kentia Palm (Howea fosteriana Becc.)
Chamedorea – Chamedorea L.
Parlour Palm (Chamedorea elegans L.)
costaricana
Coconut Palm – Cocos L.
Coconut Palm (Cocos nucifera L.)
Livistona – Livistona L. Br.
Roundleaf Fan Palm (Livistona rotundifolia Mart.)
Cabbage-tree Palm (Livistona australis Mart.)
Washingtonia – Washingtonia H. Wendl.
Red Palm Weevil (W.filifera (Linden ex Andre) H.Wendl.
Work Proceeding
Table 1
Name of the plant
(English and Latin)
Reproduction
The length of a
pedicel in cm
(peduncle)
Shape
Colour
Duration of
keeping fresh
(in days)
Temperature
Light
Dampness
Bioecological
characteristics
Ser. No
blooms (trusses)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Revision questions
1. Pecularities of palms replanting?
2. How are the palms classified according the shape of leaves.
3. Methods of palms reproduction.
4. What are the species of palms which can grow in cool premises?
Information sources
ISBN 9781894728065
5. MARKEVIČIENĖ, L.; ir VAIDELIENĖ J. Kambarinių augalų auginimas ir
komponavimas: vadovėlis. Vilnius: Valstiečių laikraštis, 2006. 171 p. ISBN-847-98-2.
034–8.
7. VAIDELYS, Jonas, et al.. Gėlininkystė: mokymo priemonė [CD-ROM]. Mastaičiai:
Kauno kolegijos leidybos centras, 2007. ISBN 978-9955-27-051-5.
Study Programme:
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 8
TOPIC: CLIMBING – LEANING PLANTS (2 hours)
1. The Aim: To identify the climbing – leaning plants and to know their bioecological
characteristics.
2. The Goals:
1. To identify the climbing – leaning plants and to know how to describe them (recognize
them in educational greenhouses).
Students must know the decorative and biological characteristics of room rambling-leaning
flowers and their botanical names.
Climbing – leaning plants
Ser.No
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Name of the plant
Ceropegia – Ceropegia L.
Ceropegia woodii (Ceropegia woodi (Schlecht.))
Ivy – Hedera L.
Common Ivy (Hedera helix L.)
Cissus – Cissus L.
Kangaroo Vine (Cissus antarctica Vent.)
Oak Leaf Ivy (Cissus rhombifolia Vahl.)
Micania – Micania Willd.
Toothed Micania (Micania dentata Spreng.)
Asparagus – Asparagus L.
Umbrella Asparagus (Asparagus umbellatus Link.)
Sicklethorn (Asparagus falcatus L.)
Plume Asparagus (A..densiflorus (Kunth) Jessop.) (sin. Šprengerio)
Common Asparagus Fern (Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop
Epipremnum – Epipremnum L.
Speckled Epipremnum (Epipremnum pictus Hassk.)
Feathery Epipremnum (Epipremnum pinnatum L.)
Tetrastigma – Tetrastigma (Mig.) Planch
Chestnut Vine (Tetrastigma voinerianum (Baltet) Pieree ex Gagnep.)
Spiderwort – Tradescantia L.
Wandering Jew (Tradescantia albiflora Kuntch.)
Brazilian Jew (Tradescantia Fluminensis Veel.)
Saxifraga – Saxifraga L.
Creeping Saxifrage (Saxifraga stolonifera Meerb., sin. S.sarmentosa
L.)
Wax Plant – Hoya R. Br.
Thick-Leaved Wax Plant (Hoya carnosa R.Br.)
Parlour Wax Plant (Hoya bella Hook)
Long-Leaved Wax Plant (Hoya langifolia Wall. Ex Wight.)
Ragwort – Senecio L.
String-of-pearls (Senecio rowleyanus H. Jacobsen)
Work Proceeding
Table 1
Name of the plant
(English and Latin)
Reproduction
The length of a
pedicel in cm
(peduncle)
Shape
Colour
Duration of
keeping fresh
(in days)
Temperature
Light
Dampness
Bioecological
characteristics
Ser. No
blooms (trusses)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Revision questions
1. How are the climbing-leaning plants reproduced?
2. Pecularities of supervision of climbing-leaning plants:

Watering;

Fertilizing;

Replanting;

Formation and pruning;

Washing, etc.
Information sources
1. VARKULEVIČIENĖ, J. et al. Namuose – nauja gėlė. Kaunas, 2004. ISBN 9955-577-053.
ISBN 9781894728065
4. BEFFA, M. T. D. Kambariniai augalai. Vilnius, 2000. ISBN 9955-439-03-3
5. BLAND, J.; ir DAVIDSONAS, W. Kambarinių augalų priežiūros vadovas. Vilnius,
2002. ISBN 9955-06-083-2
6. GOLOVKINAS,B, et al.Pasaulio gėlės. Vilnius: Alma littera, 2004. 183 p. ISBN 995508-546-0.
Study Programme:
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 9
TOPIC: SUCCULENTS (4 hours)
1. The Aim: To get acquainted with bioecological characteristics and growing pecularities of
succulents.
2. The Goals:
1. To identify the cactuses and thick-leaved room plants.
Students must know the decorative and biological characteristics of succulents and their
botanical names.
Succulents grwo in dry areas with small amount of falls. They cummulate water reserves in their
structures. According the arrangement of water cummulating structures, stem, leave and root
succulents are distinguished.
Pic. 1. Shapes of leaves and stems of succulents
1. Firm, thin but fleshy with spined edges. 2. Thick, fleshy with round leaves; 3.
Column-shaped, spined leafless stems; 4. Branchy, fleshy stems with rudimentary
leaves. (Success with House Plants, 2008)
Plants not only cummulate water, but also save the moisture by regulating its evaporization (teh
cells of epidermis are thickened, plants are hairy, covered with wax, etc.) (Pic. 1). Most
succulents have clear rest and growing periods.
Note!

Sukulentai skirstomi įdvi grupes: kaktusus, storalapius augalus.

Kaktusinių šeima (Cactaceae) kirstoma į tris pošeimius:peiriskinių - A. Peireskioideae,
opuntinių - B. Opuntioideae, stulpeninių - C. Cereoideae
Succulents
Ser.
No
Name of the plant
Cactuses
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Epiphyllum – Epiphyllum Haw.
Dutchman's pipe (E.oxypetalum (DC.) Haw.)
Crenate Orchid Cactus (E. cranatum (Lindl.) G. Don.)
Disocactus phyllanthoides (E. phyllanthoides (DC.) Sweet.)
Golden Barrel Cactus – Echinocactus Haw.
Golden Ball (Echinocactus grusonii)
Mammillaria – Mammillaria Haw.
Grace Mammillaria (Mammillaria gracilis Pfeiff.)
Texas Nipple Cactus (Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.) Haw.)
Large Vain Mammillaria (Mammillaria macrantha S.D.)
Old Lady Cactus (Mammilliaria hahniana)
Spring Cactus – Rhipsalidopsis Britton et Rose
Easter Cactus (R. gaetneri (Regal) Lindgr.)
Opuntia – Opuntia Lem.
Arborescent Prickly Pear (Opuntia leucotricha DC.)
Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus – indica Mill.)
Bunny Ears Cactus (Opuntia mikrodasys (Lem.) Pfeiff.)
Cleistocactus – Cleistocactus Haw.
Green Bloom Cleistocactus (Cleistocactus smaragdiflorus)
Silver Torch (Cleistocactus strausii)
Cereus – Cereus Lem.
Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru)
Peruvian Apple Cactus (Cereus uruguayanus)
Melon Cactus – Melocactus L.
Curved Spine Cactus (Melocactus curvispinus)
Turk's Cap Cactus (Melocactus violaceus)
Schlumbergera – Schlumbergera Hook.
Christmas Cactus (S. buckleyi (T.Moore) Tjaden)
Crab Cactus (S. truncata (Haw.) Moran.)
Blue Cactus – Pilosocereus L.
Greyish Blue Cactus (Pilosocereus leucocephalus)
Storalapiai augalai
11.
12.
13.
14.
Agava – Agave L.
American Agava (Agave americana L.)
Aloe - Aloe L.
Lace Aloe (Aloe aristata Haw.)
Candelabra Aloe (Aloe arborescens Mill.)
Tiger Aloe (Aloe variegata L.)
Aeonium – Aeonium Webb et Berth.
Gasteria (Gasteria Duval.)
Spotted Gasteria (G. maculata Haw)
Black Gasteria (G. nigricans Haw.)
Gasteria bicolour (G. picta Haw.)
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Work Proceeding
Cotyledon – Cotyledon L.
Round-leafed Navel-wort (Cotyledon orbiculata)
Bear's Paw (Cotyledon tomentosa)
Haworthia – Haworthia L.
Zebra Plant (Hawothia attenuata)
Zebra Haworthia (Hawothia fasciata)
Jade Plant – Crassula L.
Silver Dollar Plant (Crassula arborescens Willd.)
String of Buttons (Crassula perforata Thumb.)
Lamarck (Crassula muscosa L.)
Taylor's Parches (Crassula lacteae Sol. Ex Aiton)
Echeveria – Echeveria DC.
Red Edge Echeveria (Echeveria agavoides L.)
Humped Echeveria (Echeveria gibbiflora DC.)
Woolly Rose (Echeveria pulvinata Rose)
Graptopetalum – Graptopetalum
Common Graptopetalum (Graptopetalum paraquaense)
Blue Graptopetalum (Graptopetalum amethystinum E.
Walther)
Rhipsal – Rhipsalis L.
Mistletoe Cactus (Rhipsalis baccifera)
Calanchoe – Kalanchoe Adans.
Penwiper (Kalanchoe marmorata Baker.)
Alligator Plant (Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.)
Panda Plant (Kalanchoe tomentosa Bacer.)
Curved Calanchoe (Kalanchoe crenata Haw.O)
Sedum (Sedum L.)
Linear Sedum (S. lineare Thunb.)
Morgan’s Sedum (S. morganianum E. Walther)
Mexican Sedum (S. stahlii L.)
Zibold’s Sedum (S. sieboldii Sweet.)
Pachipodium – Pachipodium L.
Low Pachipodium (Pachipodiumbrevicaule)
Large-Leaved Pachipodium (Pachipodium lamerei)
High Pachipodium (Pachipodium geavi)
Ragwort - Senecio L.
String-of-pearls (Senecio rowleyanus)
Senecio herrianus
Candle Plant (Senecio articulatus)
A description of practical work is read and the morphological bioecological characteristics are
evalauted according the material, data is written down in Table 1 (e-version of this table is in a
virtual educational medium ‘Moodle‘.
The succulents growing in the educative greenhouse are introduced.
The botanical names of flowers are learnt. The obtained knowledge is checked by answering test
questions.
Table 1
Ser.
No
1
Genus and
specy of
plant
2
Botanical
family
Growing
conditions
Reproducti
on
Rest (calm
period)
Notes
3
4
5
6
7
Revision questions
1. What factors determine the frequency of succulents watering?
2. Name the subfamilies of cactus family.
3. Which criteria are considered when choosing the bowls of cactuses replanting?
4. Name the most popular genes of thick-leaved plants.
5. Pecularities of succulents reproduction.
Information sources
ISBN 9781894728065
3. KUNTE, L.; ir ŠUBIK, R. Kaktusų enciklopedija. Vilnius, 2003. ISBN 9955-08-310-7.
4. SNIEŠKIENĖ, V., et al. Kaktusai. Vilnius, 2005. ISBN 9955-529-79-2.
034–8.
8. Rasos ISSN 2029-1140
Study Programme:
Subject:
Flower growing
PRACTICAL WORK No 10
TOPIC: ROOM BULBOUS PLANTS
1. The Aim: To identify bulbous room plants and to know their jų bioecological characteristics.
2. The Goals:
1. To identify bulbous room plants.
names.
Bulbous plants grown inside can be conditionally classified into two groups: these are perennial
bulbous plants, grown as interior plants (Agapants, Eucharis, Nerines, Haemanthus, etc.) and
bloomed outside bulbous flowers (hyacinths, narcissuses, tulips, snowflakes, Muscari, etc.),
which are used for a short-term interior decoration usually in early spring.
Home bulbous plants are commonly originated in tropical and coller regions. Most of them have
a clear rest period, during which we water the plants less or don‘t water at all. By regulating the
rest period, period of blossom can also be affected. When replanting these plants, the roots must
be saved which are very sensitive. Bulbs are planted skin-deep or even on the land surface.
Pic. 1. Vegetation cycle of Hippeastrum (Success with House Plants, 2008)
Bulbous home plants
Ser.
No
1.
Name of the plant
Agapant - (Agapanthus L‘ Her.)
Umbrella Agapant (A. africanus L. Sin.(A. umbellatusL ‘
Her.).
Morning Agapant (Agapanthus praecox sin. A. oirentalisF.
M. Leight.)
2.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Eucharis (Eucharis Planch. Et Lindl.)
White-Bloomed Eucharis (Eucharis candida Planch. et
Lindl).
Large-Bloomed Eucharis (Eucharis x grandiflora Planch. et
Lindl).
Spider Lily (Hymenocallis Salisb.)
Hybrid Spider Lily (Hymenocallis x festalishort. Ex
Schmarse).
Peruvian Daffodil (Hymenocallis narcissiflora M. Roem.).
Hypeastrum (Hypeastrum Herb)
Amaryllis (H. hortorum Maatsch),
Leopold‘s Hypeastrum (H. leopoldii Dombrain),
Parrot Hypeastrum (H. psittacinum Herb.),
Black Hypeastrum (H. vittatum Herb.).
Nerine (Nerine Herb.)
Jersey Lily (N. sarniensis Herb).
Blood Lily (Haemanthus L.)
Parlour Blood Lily (Haemanthus katherinae Baker.),
White Blood Lily (Haemanthus albiflos Jacq),
Red Blood Lily (Haemanthus coccineu).
Work Proceeding
3. The botanical names of flowers are learnt. The obtained knowledge is checked by
answering test questions.
blooms (trusses)
el
in
cm
(pe
du
ncl
e)
Na
me
of
Se
the
r.
pla
No
nt
Th
(E
e
ngl
len
Re
ish
gt
pr
an
h
od
d
of
uct
La
aion
tin
pe
)dic
Table 1
Bioecological
characteristics
Temperature
Light
Dampness
4
Duration of
keeping fresh
(in days)
3
Colour
2
Shape
1
5
6
7
8
9
10
Revision questions
1. How are bulbous room plants are conditionally classified? (Name two groups)
2. What do we call ephemeroids?
3. What most popular bulbous room plants can you name?
4. What are the factors, influencing the period of bulbous room flowers?
Key information sources
ISBN 9781894728065
3. MARKEVIČIENĖ L. Kambarinės gėlės: mokomoji priemonė. Kaunas, 2006. ISBN
9955–586–92-3.
6. Sodo spalvos ISSN 1392-5849.
LANDSCAPING FACULTY
DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGROTECHNOLOGIES
EVALUATION MARK:___________________________
Date: _____________ , 2012
Lecturer ___________________Laima Markevičienė
Variant No _____
(signature)
Student ____________________________________________________________ of _ZT 1__ZTI
1_____group
Midterm test atsiskaitymas
Student performs the indicated by the lecturer (in writing ) tasks. One question is given from 1
and 2 parts of midterm test.
ASSESSMENT:
One question = 5 points
1. Describe the morphological and bioecological characteritics of the following gathered
greenhouse flowers:
1.1. Pinks;
1.2. Roses;
1.3. Chryzanthemum;
1.4. Freesias;
1.5. Alstremerias;
1.6. Gladiolus;
1.7. Transvaal Daisy;
1.8. Anthuriums;
1.9. Strelitzias;
1.10. Eustomas.
2. Describe the morphological and bioecological characteritics of the following pot greenhouse
flowers:
2.1. Cyclamens;
2.2. Asalias;
2.3. Cowslips;
2.4. Pelargoniums;
2.5. Christ Thorn;
2.6. Touch-me-not;
2.7. Cyclamens;
2.8. Fuxias;
2.9. Kalanchoe Blossfeldiana;
2.10. Beloperones.
LANDSCAPING FACULTY
CONFIRMED BY:
Manager of Department of
Gardening and Agricultural
Technologies
_____________________
Jonas Vaidelys
Study form:
Continual studies
Study programme:
Growing territories and their design
Subject:
Flower growing (in greenhouses)
Group:
Semestre:
3
Lecturer:
Laima Markevičienė
Crediting form:
Examination
Crediting date:
January, 2013
Aims of the subject, the achievement level of which is assessed in the task:
1. To evaluate and understand the plants by analyzing their anatomy, morphology, systhematics and
bioecological pecularities.
2. To know the newest growing technologies.
3. To analize and interpret the data, obtained during practical observations, researches, sources of
information and to provide them in writing in respect of importance.
Lecturer
_______________
Laima Markevičienė
(signature)
(name and last name)
LANDSCAPING FACULTY
DEPARTMENT OF GARDENING AND AGROTECHNOLOGIES
EVALUATION MARK:___________________________
Date: _____________ , 2012
Lecturer ___________________Laima Markevičienė
Variant No _____
(signature)
Student ____________________________________________________________ of _ZT 1__ZTI
1_____group
FLOWER GROWING
Examination (Part I – theoretical questions)
1. Give a description and evaluation of morphological and bioecological pecularities of 30 beautifully
blossoming interior flowers.
2. Give a description and evaluation of morphological and bioecological pecularities of 50 flowers with
decorative leaves.
TASK (lists of plants) LECTURER PROVIDES IN WRITING.
Examination (Part II – practical tasks)
1. Identification of interior flowers.
 Identify and describe the provided by the lecturer plants.
2. Reproduction peculiarities of interior flowers.

Prepare a reproduction material and explain the reproduction peculiarities.
ASSESSMENT:
 The answer is assessed positively provided more tan 50 per cent is answered toa question

updating material of study subject flower growing (in

Transcription

Similar documents

Carrotwood Tree Carrot Weed Tuckeroo TREE

Jacaranda mimosifolia syn. J. acutifolia

Scientific Name: Cercidium floridum Common Name: Blue Palo

lorenzo villoresi (pdf - 2.84 mb)

Wildfire Black Gum (Black Tupelo)

Gaura Lindheimeri `Passionate Rainbow`

58 Round-leaved Greenbrier

Matilija poppy - The Watershed Nursery

Scientific Name: Melaleuca linariifolia Common Name: Flaxleaf

Glossophobia: Fear of Public Speaking