Aymara Lessons for Beginners

Transcription

Beginning Aymara
Course for English Speakers
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
TABT4 OF CONTENTS
Editorq Foreword
p.
Lesson A. Inve:Tryzfa;Ay-mae=01:
Lesson I.
xiv
of vowels; stress.
Rositampi Susanampi (-01-; 707;
ra.227; -ma-3
1
711.47)
Lesson II.
Personal pronouns; possessive pronouns; possessive
pronominal suffixes.
114. voluntariampi ma 'rokaliampi (-sti; -raoui-;
-sa;
-cama-; -tea;
12
Lesson III.
eisn
aaa;edrompi
Lesson IV.
(-D27; imperative; -ri)
Aspect and tense: punctual and durrtive verbs;
-(a)ncaria/ -(a)ncascatia;sazTBrisa; relative
clauses; location suffix
23
Juancits2 Marianompiw jiquisiWe (-pta-;
-cama-)
Lesson V.
cunans.
voluntaria ma tiendaru sari (-naca-)
cawouins; rah it ins
4a
Lesson VI.
35
48
Durative conjugation (positive); objective case;
verbs of motion izith -1117; -ri- with.. infinitive
stems; -12217; cawcs; sims; -217; aspect and
tense; -ita-; -wa.
Lesson VII.
59
Punctual
usut
(71.1i7; -requi-;
c-orla:118-:::::217:::::;);*
74
Lesson VIII . Durative conjugation (negative)*
84
Lesson IX.
Punctual conjugation (negative).
Davidamp faaginsmi(-waya-; -quima-.1 -A.21.7;
-cama-)
86
Lesson X.
Future conjugation (positive); indefinite article.
Mama E21102. mama Teresampiw parlapila (cOmparative
suffix -Yri-)
94
Lesson XI.
Numerals: cardinal and ordinal.; animate and
inanimate subjects; 721.1:17; -cama-; -naca-; kawkhas
possessive -na-.
Ma voluntaria4i 1.rhathun alac46 muni.
Mama Lositam Mama MariErmi
103
Lesson XII. Future conjugation (negative).
gpma Rositamplmq voluntariami
115
Lesson XIII. Necessity/ ability (positive); elision of
vowels (adverbs).
Mama PMariamp mama Welk-Tata Earl Barg. maakii9.
(imperative)
mama Mars
wiAp.E mama RosAtsmpiw parlasat
;imperative)
125
Lesson XIV.
Necessity/ ability (negative); -si-.
Tata Joseajj essc)stp_mimarkarli (-ni-; -Agfi7).
Tata Joseajj ut pichail mama Mariar yatichi
(-1221117; -cha,;
Lesson XV.
-ta;
137
Impersonal constructions (positive); -ta-.
Andresalai
Lesson XVI.
Lesson XVII.
148
Impersonal constructions (negative); ucat jan.
Tata Marcosamp tata Lucasampeij kotancullewa.
Tata Marcosamp tata
kollu patan
parlapjie (-tata-, -si-; -ta-' -ni-;
-rapi-)
Adverbs of time (summary); -ni-.
159
mama .1°.9e1ARE mama Teresampiw parlap
(-ni-;
- rani -; 711-).
Tata Fal31oli tata Carlosar visitiriw sari (camisas-
walig.gssga; camachana/ camacharaullai.
negative imperative; -sa...-sa; -2.17; niya,;
Lesson XVIII.
Lesson XIX:
Lesson XX.
Lesson XXI.
Lesson XXII.
170
-viitgaal/
-tagui-; -na- for possession and location.
Patriciomp Pascuilampeji vacs khathuncapjlewa
cha;
-qui-; -chi=)
179
dubitative future (positive).
Tata ....1osarm tata
thaouin
(positive conditional clauses with -Ctellia).
Ma voluntariomp tata Jacintompiw
....
189
Future dubitative necessitative (positive); future
necessitative (positive).
Mama Justinamp tata Davidampiw Darlapjje.
Mama Justinamp tata Davidampeii
"1.3m mittat
Haym'j.p.t parlapii! (passive participles in -ta;=
-ijata; -ta-;
sem; -2acha-;
-sa; -ri)
Dubitative future (negative).
Mama Juanajj ma voluntariampiw /mai (-ta; -chi-;
-raqui-;
212
Dubitative future necessitative (negative).
Car1osan nani.p.atu!suta (-sa; 721; -ta; positive
conditional clauses with -ija; Lamy, -raqui
-sti;
-ta)
Lesson XXIII.
201
221
Imperfect tense (positive); -taqui-; -t(a)!
-cama(wa).
Tata IRasmatatLjnizatlamii parlapjjewa.
Tata
tata Llis.uelampejj
-raqui-...-sti; -2217; -nta-;--pacha; -pini-; -ta-;
-waya-, -sa, -ma)
232
Necessitative past; -ni-; -ya-.
Tata LtjcaEail amippan utan sari (-lama-, -ru-;
245
-pini-; -t'a-;
Imperfect tense (negative), -ta; -ri.
Martaji ma waicha vokallat mamapar avisi (lar...tark;
-puni-; -ta-;
-2acha7, -pini-; -ta;
Lesson XXIV.
Lesson XXV.
255
-ri)
navrakat...ucat; subordinate clauses; -Lam;
Lesson XXVI.
- ce-; -raqui-.
T_ ata Andresaji machak calarnin alani.
Tata Andresajj machak ut utachi ( -ea-;
passive participles)
Lesson XXVII. camUchala and dubitative future; -oui-; -raqui-,
cunarac; -sti.
Joseaii laniw escUel ut utachanar yanapasin
munquiti (camsafia; conditional clauses with
'regarding'; -sa-: -ta;
- (te)jja; - pini -;
-ka-; -Lama- 'possibility/ opportutity',
-,lja-; seta, -nija; -va-; passive participles;
-VcV- (acHca, etc.) -sa)
Lesson XXVIII. Potential/ conditional (positive); optative mood;
passive participles.
Cr_ istinamp Tomasampeji Todos Santos fiestjjat
parlapjje (passive participles; 714-, -pacha-;
-puni-; 0 7; -sa; -ni-)
Potential/ conditional (negative); -ta; lanti:
Lesson XXIX.
- cucha; review of 'when...then' clauses; -chafia.
266
279
292
ligvolunil estancia lakenacampla parli (-ta-:
Lesson XXX.
,
306
=iaqui-: -iama-z -ta; -camas -ti; -ijata)
Past potential/ .conditional (positive and negative),
'but' (-wa.::-.110.; -pini-; unmarked 'if' clauses;
-nta-;
Mama IREtiampt,mal Carolinampeji kapurlitat
320
parlapjje (-11_7)
Lesson XXXI.
Lesson XXXII.
-pini-;
Conditional clauses; -Vwi-;
-Vca: -rara.,
Tata Pablojj estanciapatac nod yatichir thake
(-P4cha-N
Pronominal objects with punctual verbs (positive) ;
-va-.
.332
Hanusloij anatan tl-okoriatanuiw waruichasi ( -c12-t' ja;
- sa? -Rai: relative clauses, nevtive it
345
Lesson XXXII'. Pronominal objects with punctual verbs (negativa);
-sa; igp. with positive verbs.
Tiu7oteo.j j agar clasenquiwa.
aye' kallunac chhakayi ( -ni -; pluTata Jos
perfect; -t'a-;
359
Lesson XXXIV.
Pronominal objects with the future tense (positive/
negative).
Mg Nagui_silarpiii,olie ch'ok satafitalparlapile
372
-nta-)
Lesson XXXV,
Pronominal objects with the imperfect tense
(positive/ negative).
Tata Marataii tata Carlosaruw kollk mayeatayna
385
(-sa-)
Lesson XXXVI.
Pronominal objects with the potential/ conditional
verb (positive/ negative).
MU voluntarioti tata Juanaruw cebad lawkerk
399
(ucatarac; -jama-; -sU)
Pronominal objects with dubitative present
verbs (positive/ negative); -liata;
-naI 71021; -quiri-; -sisa.
412
parli
Tata Lucasajj
Pronominal objects with future dubitative verbs
(positive/ negative); -iri; -Vwi.
ma doctoraii mU chhtdchliu usun j keruw
(-sa...-sa; passive participles; -cha; -pt-;
427
- Oa-)
Permissive mood; ucatarac; optative (positive/
negative); -quipan; -charm; -nucu-; 7iiasi;
Lanai
Lesson XXXVII.
Lesson XXXVIII.
kolli
Lesson XXXIX.
- ra-; -quipa-.
Lesson XL.
Wallatamp tiwulampi (-sina; -su-;
-cjja-)
Optative (positive/ negative); -cha.
441
Thokor Igsslimmuniimufit'at waynanacampi
Aymara folk songs
Supplements
Glossary: Aymara - English
459
471
473
477
APPROXIMATE
BOUNDARIES
IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
APPROXIMATE MAXIMUM
MONO OM. ONNIO ONO
411111116
5XPAN4E oF AYMARA
INDIGRT5j ILLATION OF
URU AND ci-OPNA SPEAKER.'
(bAseo opt
CARmitkro 1943)
BOLIVIA.
co.uA
a
4
4.
ARGENTINA
411.0 MI. *WWI
ApkoximAre
SouNDARte
op
AYMAR11/4 UtitsIGUAGS
(According to J. Harris)
"La iergua Airnara despues de la
Quichua es de las mas generales
y principales..., la qual se
habla en muchas Prouincias, en
legeas...:
district) de mas de 400.
esta lengua tambien es elegante."
(Antonio Vgzquez de Espinosa,
Prinleraartnecylio
descriecion de las Indies ocidentales, 1630 [no place].
Part I, p. 23.)
Editor's Foreword
I.
Scone of the present work.
This volume is the product of preliminary
The first field
research conducted on two continents by a number of persons.
1966 by James Connors, language
work was undertaken in Seattle in the spring of
Vincente
coordinator of Peace Corps programs at the th.tiversity of Washington.
informant. SubseQuispe, a young bilingual speaker from La Paz, served as
Harris continued the field work
quently, in the summer and fall of 1966, Jimmy
second young bilingual
in Bolivia with the help of Vincente Quispe and a
Finally, the material underwent considerable revision
speaker, Eugenio Poma.
training program for Bolivia
in the winter of 1966-67 during the Peace Corps
de. Vega, a
held here in Seattle. I completed the field work with Sra. Neliy
the material in its
former teacher from Achacachi, Bolivia, and rewrote
Bustamante for his translation of the
preseat format. Thanks go to Leonardo
foreword into Spanish.
much to the intelligent
It should be noted that the present format owes
in the Aymara program
criticism of the following trainees who participated
Gershman,
during the fall and winter of 1966 -'67: Panda Echevarria, Harold
Sulleatrop, Dona Walls and lichael Whiee.
Glenn Greenberg, Daniel Le Roy, Frances
and contributions of many people,
While the work represents the collective ideas
of the volume and welcomes
the editor alone is responsible for the present state
and linguists who may plan eo
the criticism and suggestions of future trainees
utilize this material.
definitive grammar and text
The editor does not look upoa this work as a
description of the rudiments of
boa. of Aymara 1-ut rather as a preliminary
the field is a prerequisite to a co.aplete
Aymara grammar. Much further work in
lin3uistic
description of Aymara according to modern structural principles of
research.
Garcia 1917, Rudimentns
Previous publications consulted, such PS
ii
de gramgtica aware 1963 (Canadian Baptist Mission), Ebbing 1965 (titles
below in VI.
Bibliography), are useful sources of raw data but suffer from
atomistic and apriori descriptions and a lack of effective drill materials.
It must also be remembered that the material in this volume was gleaned entirely
from educated urban speakers who are bilingual in Spanish.
While it may be
true that large segments of the Aymara-speaking population has either a passive
or active knowledge of Spanish, many puzzling questions in our description
could benefit from field work conducted among rural monolingual speakers.
A word of general character about the format of the lessons/
comprise the following sections:
Most lessons
(1) vocabulary, (2) grammatical analysis,
(3) substitution drills, (4) completion drills, (5) questions and answers, and
(6) one or more dialogues.
(Description of intonational conto,-s is omitted
from the text because the lessons have been recorded on tape; furthermore, an
analysis of intonational contours would require much more data and research.)
The dialogues serve two purposes:
to utilize vocabulary just introduced into
the lesson in a more natural framework, and to present useful conversational
phrases.
New grammatical constructions and vocabulary are treated in the
notes accompanying each dialogue.
The student should memorize the basic
sentence patterns given in each lesson and the conversational phrases presented
in the dialogues.
It was necessary first to record the material systematically in paradigmatic form.
Dialogues were then selected for each chapter to match the content
of substitution and completion drills.
In many cases, new grammatical
categories and new vocabulary were introduced at the same time.
In the future,
given greater familiarity with the material, we might wish to drastically
shorten the substitution and completion exercises and to reorder the material
more imaginatively.
Ultimately, it might prove preferable to write chapters
containing only related conversational phrases, which would illustrate the
rules of the grammar presented in each chapter.
This task must, however, be
left to subsequent revisions.
II.
External history of the language.
Within the borders of Bolivia, repre-
sentatives of at least three independent language families are spoken:
Indo-European (Spanish), Andean-Equatorial Iacro-Phylum (Aymara and Quechua)
and the Penutian Phylum with members spoken in Bolivia, Mexico and Mesoamerica
(the languages of the Urus and Chipayas).
For the names of other languages
spoken in Bolivia, cf. C.F. and F.F. Voegelin, vol. 7, and Rivet 1951, pp. xvxviii.
Aymara speakers number today approximately 600,000 in Bolivia and Peru.
and Ii. Cohen, Aymara is spoken today in Peru in two
According to A.
provinces of the department of Puno (along the southwest bank of Lake
Titicaca), in the departments of Arequipa and Moquegua, and also by monolingual
groups in the department of Lima (in the villages of Tupe, Euaquis and Laraos
and in the provinces of Huarochiri and Canta).
(A recent Ph.D. dissertation
on Peruvian Aymara by Martha Hardman at Stanford University in 1962 was unfortunately not available to us.)
In Bolivia, Aymara is spoken throughout the
department of La Paz (which includes the provinces of En ecas, Omasuyu, Pacejes
Sicasica9 Inquisivi, Larecaja, Chulumani, Apolobamba) and a section of the
department of Oruro, encompassing in the east a part of the province of
Chayanta, and in the south the region around Lake Poop6.
In comparison with earlier times, the Aymara speech areas have dwindled
considerably.
Historical documents reveal that in 1795 some 13,000 Aymara
speakers resided in the province of Arica - a province now administered by
Chile and free of any Aymara-speaking population.
The chief loss to Aymara has
been the assimilation of speakers to Quechua, which became the administrative
language of the Inca. Empire after the 16th century (for details, cf. J. Jij6n
y CaamaZio, pp. 601 ff; heillet and Cohen; C.Y. and F.M. Voegelin, vol. 79 no.7,
October 19659 pp. 78-9).
In the views of many linguists, Aymara and Quechua are genetically
related.
Aymara has been grouped together with Quechua to constitute the
Andean division of the Andean-Equitorial Macro-Phylum (this is the view, for
example, of Joseph Greenberg of Stanford University).
As far back as 18%,
V. Steinthal coined the term cechuamaran (or Rechumaran) phylum of languages
('Das Verhaltniss das wvischen dem Ketscnua und Aymara besteht," VII qmpai§
International des ArAricanistes, Berlin 1890, pp. 462-5).
(For other
references, cf. J. Jijtin y Caama4).)
While Aymara historically has lost ground to Quechua, it currently
threatens to absorb two other languages indigenous to Bolivia - Uru and
Chipaya (sometimes refered to as Puouina).
influenced by Aymara.
Both languages are strongly
Chipaya nutters about 800 speakers on the southern
end of the Bolivian Altiplano while Uru, spoken near Lakes Titicaca and
Poop6, has been reduced to approximately 100 speakers only (cf. U.S. Armv
Handbook for Bolivia, p. 69 and C.F. and F.IA. Voegelin, vol. 7, no. 7, Oct.
1965, p. 11).
iv
According to the U.S. ArTy Handbook, the year 1952 marks a significant
change in the attitude of local speakers towards Aymara which may signal an
improved status for the language.
Since 1952, Aymara (along with Quechua)
has been studied as a tangible link with the national heritage.
have
Recent years
seen attempts to institute primary school instruction in the native
language.
A law of 1955 marked the beginning of literacy campaigns in rural
areas and the creation
of alphabets for Quechua and Aymara.
follow Spanish orthographical norms.
The alphabets
Aymara also serves as a medium of radio
broadcasts and political tractates (cf. e.g. the LikEttilailltialma which
disseminates communist propaganda in the native languages).
Interest in these
languages is no doubt propelled by the sudden introduction of the Indian
population into more active political life.
Curiously, Spanish colonial
policy also contributed indirectly to the preservation of the native languages
by keeping the Indians from learning Spanish.
According to C.F. and F.M.
Voegelin (vol. 6, no. 6, June 1964), some 36% of Spanish speakers in the
Highlands have some knowledge of either Quechua or Aymara.
In recent years, interest in Aymara is growing both at home and abroad among native speakers themselves and non-native observers.
We do not yet
witness in Bolivia the elevation of any Indian language to the level of
officlal administrative and educational medium, parallel to the position of
Guarani in Paraguay, but such a development is not entirely unrealistic.
Aymara at one time served as an administrative language alongside Spanish.
During the 17th
19th centuries, official documents were issued in Aymara,
Quechua and Spanish (cf. examples in Rivet).
Early Spanish settlers,
especially clerics, set about to translate religious tractates into the local
languages.
The first grammatical description of Aymara was apparently the 350
page work of Ludovico Bertonio, Arte y orammItica mu' copiosa de la lengua
&Tara, Rome 1603.
(It is interesting that Forbes, p. 79, a visitor to Bolivia
from 1859-63, talks of meetings of Aymaras in La Paz for the purpose of keeping
up the study of the language and discussing the purity of the pronunciation.)
To those sceptical observers who see the Indian tongues of South America
doomed to gradual extinction with the spread of education in Spanish, we
would only call to mind similar prognoses for new national languages in
Europe in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Nevertheless, the
number of national languages in Europe has rapidly proliferated within the
the last century and a half.
With the rise of new nation states in the 19th
and 20th centuries, new national languages took their place on the linguistic
map of Europe, despite predictions of failures
Lithuanian,
III.
gig.0/4'
Norwegian, Icelandic,
Ukrainian, Belorussian are some examples.
Research possibilities.
The study of Aymara offers the student of
bilingualism and language contact a rice laboratory for research.
It is
not unexpected to find that some 400 years of contact with Spanish and Quechua
have left a strollg
imprint on Aymara vocabulary and grammar.
It is
immediately apparent to the most casual observer that a large stock of
vocabulary is shared by Aymara and Quechua .
common vocabulary).
(Osborne, p. 10 claims 30%
Detailed historical studies gill reveal to what extent
the similarities in lexicon and grammar are the result of relatively recent
borrowings from Quechua to Aymara or proof of an older genetic relationship.
The influence of Spanish on Aymara vocabulary is also significant (e.g., the
days of the week, proper names, technical vocabulary, etc. are all Spanish).
IV.
Problems.
To some extent in this material we have had occasion to
postulate the inroadd of bilingualism as the motivation of some instances of
divergent grammatical norms.
Uumerous other grammatical problems, whose
descriptions necessarily remain' incomplete here, probably also reflect the
effects of Spanish influence on Aymara syntax.
The wide use of a durative
negative tense (e.g. jani:' serascti 'I am not going') in the speech of one
bilingual informant(but not ,4t 411 attested in the speech of other bilingual
informants), seems clearly the result of the Spanish positive-negative model
(estoy.yendo/ no estov vendo).
Other unresolved problems, such as the
apparently chaotic distribution of the -wa and -ja suffixes, leads one to
suspect that a once important grammatical category in the language may be
undergoing functional reshaping under the impact of Spanish.
Finally, the
aspect distinction which characterizes verbs formed from verbal roots con
trasts sharply with the weakened aspect distinction of verbs formed from
non-verbal roots, such as in the aspect pair camsminca_A.7(to be) where
(right now)'/ crwquincasca a '(to be) where (in gereral)' where the Spanish
equivalent is the adverb donda with the verb eetar 4t8 .be% Thee
and many other problems are inadequately treated in previous grammars, we are
also sorely hampered by a lack of dialect studies, linguistically sound
vi
grammatical descriptions and historical studies.
records and with the speech of monolinguals
way to reasonable solutions.
A comparison with older
could be expected to point the
The influence of Spanish on Aymara is, moreover,
paralleled by the influence of Aymara on the Spanish speech of bilinguals.
V.
Orthography.
The material is presented in the orthography adopted by
current literacy campaigns, in which Spanish loan words retain their original
spelling and Roman letters have the same value in Aymara as in Spanish.
For example, the proper name Pablo retains its orthography in Aymara though
it may be pronounced Pablu or Pawru, depending on the speaker's education and
knowledge of Spanish.
be indicated.
VI.
The native pronunciation of Spanish loans will always
Punctuation follows English norms.
Selected-b-Wiealanhydp
Canadian Baptist Mission, La Paz:
Rudimentoslesmaltiamam. La Paz,
1963.
catgloces usuales de Aymara (con la correspondencia en castellano
y quechua).
La Paz 1963.
J..an Enrique Ebbing: Gramgtica y diccionario aimara. La Paz 1965,
(translated in part by Andrew D. Cohen: An Aymara Grammar, La Paz, 1966).
David Forbes:
On the Aymara Indians of Bolivia and Peru.
P. Juan Antonio Garcia, S.J.:
antigua). La Paz, 1917.
London 1870.
GramgticaArnara (sabre la base de una ediciOn
J. Jij6n y Caameio: "Las lenguas del sur de Centro America," Fl Ecuador
Interandino y Occidental (antes de la Conquista Castellana). Quito 1943;
vol. 3, pp. 601-661.
Weston La Barre: "Aymara Folk Tales," International Journal of American
Linguistics, 1950, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 40-5.
The Aymara Indian of the Lake Titicaca Plateau, Bolivia (=American
Anthropologist, 1948, No. 1, part 2).
Bibliografia de las lenguas quechua y aymarg, New
Jose Toribio Medina:
(=Contributions from the Museum of the American Indian,
York, 1930.
Heye Foundation, vol. VII, no. 7.)
A. I4eillet and M. Cohen (editors):
pp. 1109-10.
Les langues du monde.
Harold Osborne: Indians of the Andes:
Massachusetts, 1952.
Paris, 1952;
Aymaras and Quechuas.
Cambridge,
Paul Rivet and Georges de Crequi-Montfort: Bibliographie des langues
(=Travaux et Memoires de
aymarg et kicua, vol. 1-4. Paris 1951-6.
l'Institut d'ethnographie, no. LI.)
vii
"Aymara 'Little T'ed Ridinghood' with Morphological
Thomas Sebeok:
1951, vol. 3, fascicule 1,
Analysis,"
pp. 53-69.
"Material for an Aymara Dictionary," Journal de la Societe des
Amgricanistes, vol. XL [n.s.], 1951, pp. 89-151.
Harry Tschopik, Jr.: "Aymara Texts: Lupaca Dialect," International
Journal of American Linguistics, 1948, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 108-114.
Antonio Tovar:
1961.
Catglo o de las lenguas de America del sur.
Buenos Aires
U.S. Army Area Handbook for Bolivia (prepared by Foreign Areas Studies
Division). Washington, 1963.
German G. Villamor: Aoderno vocabularlo del kechua y aytnara (con su
correspondencia en castellano). La Paz, 1940.
C.F. 7=leteela:111: twiojan=ronoolotaloLlitui:at11:evft71:ano. 6,
June, 1964; vol. 7, no. 7, October, 1965).
Bloomington, Indiana.
"La lengua Aimara despues de la
Qichua es de las mas generates
y principales..., la qual se
habla en muchas Prouincias, en
distrito de mas de 400. leguas...:
esta lengua tambien es elegante."
(Antonio Vgzquez de Espinosa,
Primeraparte del compendio v
descri cion de las Indias ocidentales, 1630 [no place].
Part I; p. 23.)
PrOlogo del editor
I.
Alcarce de esta obra.
Este volumen es el producto de investigaciones
preliminares Ilevadas a cabo por varias personas en dos continentes.
James Connors, coordinador de idioms de los programas del Cuerpo de Paz
en la Universidad de Washington, emprendi6 los primeros trabajos prgcticos.
Vicente Quispe, joven hablante bilingUe de La Paz, sirvi6 como
informante.
Subsecuentemente, en el verano y otofio de 1966, Jimmy
Harris continuo' el trabajo prgctico en Bolivia con la ayuda de Vicente
Quispe y de otro joven bilingte, Eugenio Poma.
Finalmente, en el
invierno de 1966-67 durante el programa de entrenamiento en Seattle de
un contingent:: del Cuerpo de Paz para Bolivia, se someti6 el material a
viii
considerable revision.
Completamos entonces el trabajo prgctico con la
senora Welly de Vega, antigua maestra de Achacachi, Bolivia, como infor-
mante, y escribimos nuevamente el material en su presente tamafio.
Debemos anotar que el presente tamano de la obra se debe en gran
parte a la inteligente critica de los siguientes entrenandos que
participaron en el programa de aimara durante el otono e invierno de
1966-67:
Wanda Echevarria, Darold Gershman, Glenn Greenberg, Daniel
It Roy, Frances Sullentrop, Dona Walls, :47: Michael White.
Si bien la
obra representa ideas y contribuciones de muchas personas, solamente
el editor se responsabiliza por el estado presegte del volumen y acepta
gustoso cualquier critica y sugerencias por parte de futuros entrenandos,
o de lingUistas que proyecten utilizar este material.
El editor no considera esta obra una gramgtica definitiva ni un
libro de texto de aimara, sino mgs bien una descripciem preliminar de
los rudimentos de la gramgtica aimara.
Para hacer una descripci6n
complete del aimara de acuerdo a los principios estructurales de investigaciOn lingUistica se requiere mucho mgs trabajo prgctico adicional.
Publicaciones anteriores que hemos consultado, como Garcia 1917,
Rudhnentos de zramgtica aimara 1963 (Canadian Baptist Mission), Ebbing
vii.), son
(Titulos indicalos en VI, la bibliografla, pp. vi
1965
fuente ail de datos generales pero adolecen de descripciones atomisticas
Debe recory a priori, y de falta de ejercicios eficaces de prgctica.
darse que el material en este volumen se espigii por entero de hablantes
urbanos y cultos, bilingiles en castellano.
Si bien es verdad que grander
segmentos de la poblaciiin de habla aimara tienen conocimientos pasivos
o activos de castellano, muchas cuestiones perplejas en nuestra descrip-
ciOn podrian beneficiarse mediante trabajo prgctico hecho con gente
rural monolingUe.
Una indicacitm de cargctnr general acerca del tamafio de las
lecciones. La mayoria de las lecciones comprenden las siguientes
secciones:
(1)
substituciOn, (4)
vocabulario, (2)
anglisis gramatical, (3) prgcticas de
prgcticas de completamiento, (5) preguntas y
respuestas, y (6) uno o ings diglogos.
(demos omitido del texto la
descripci8n de contornos de entonaci6n, porque las lecciones vienen
anglisis tat
tambign grabadas en cintas magnetoftinicas y ademgs porque un
,11
ix
requerirla mucho mgs datos e investigaci6n.)
Los diglogos sirven dos
utilizer el vocabulario recign presentado en la 2.cciOn
dentro de estructuras mgs naturales, y presentar frases Utiles de
conversaci6n. Las notes que acompanan cada diglago t.ratan de construeprop6sitos:
clones gramaticales y vocabulario nuevos.
El estudiante deberg aprender
de memoria las frases patr6n bgsicas que aparecen en cada lecci6n, asf
como las oracicnes de conversaci6n que se presentan en los diglogos.
Primer() hubo que grabar el material sistemIticamente en forma paradig-
Luego seleccionamos para cada capttulo diglogos que casen con
En
el contenido cie los ejercicios de coipletamiento y substituciOn.
wuchos casos, presentamos al mismo tiempo categorlas gramaticales'y
mgtica.
vocabulario nuevos.
material, quiz
En lo porvenir, dada mayor familiariead con el
querramos acortar drgsticamente los ejercicios de
completamiento y substituci6n, asi como reordenar dicho material mgs
preferible escribir
imaginativamente. Finalmente, puede que resulte
capttulos que contengan solamente frases relacionadas de conversaciOn
que ilustren las reglas gramaticales presentadas en los mismos.
Este
tarea, sin embargo, debe quedar para revisiones subr.:ecuentes.
II.
Dentro de las fronteras de Bolivia,
historis externa del idioma.
se habla representantes de por lo menos tres families independientes
filo andino ecuatorial
de idiowes: indo-europeo (castellano), el macro
(aimara y quecbua) y el filo "penuto" con miembros clue se hablan en
Bolivia, Mgjico y Yesoamerica (las lenguas de los urus y chipayas).
Vase los nombres de otras lenguas de Bolivia en C.F. y F.1. Voegelin,
vol. 7, y Rivet 1951, pp. xv-xviii.
Bolivia y en
Hay actualmente unos 600.000 hablantes de aimara en
el Peril.
De acuerdo a A.
y H. Cohen, el aimara se habla en
hoy en dta en dos provincias del departameato de Puno (a lo
largo de la orilla occidental del lago Titicaca), en los departamentos
monoliugtles en el
de Arequipa y Moquegua, y tambien lo hablan grupos
departamento de Lima (en las aldeas de Tupe, ruaquis y Laraos, y en las
el Per
provincias de Huarochiri y Ceuta).
(Desafortnnadalaente no estuvo dis-
wnible rare nuestro use una reciente lis?ztaci6n doctoral sobre el
de Stanford en 19G2.)
aimara peruana par Martha Hardman en la Universidad
En Bolivia, el aimara se habla en todo el departamento de
La Paz (que
incluye las provincias de Mufiecas, Omasuyu, Pacejes,
Sicasica, Inquisivi,
Larecaja, Chulumani y Apolobamba) y en una secci6n del departamento
de
Oruro, que abarca hacia el oriente una parte de la provincia de Chayanta,
y hacia el sur los alrededores del lago Poop6.
En comparaci6n con tiempos de antafio, las zonas de habla aimara han
mermado considerablemente. Documentos histOricos revelan que en 1795,
13.000 residentes de Arica eran de habla aimara (esta provincia pertenece
a Chile ahora y no tiene poblaci6n de este idioma).
La pgrdida principal
del aimara ha sido la absorci6n de sus hablantes por el quechua, que
lleg6 a sex el idioma administrativo del imperio de los Incas despues del
siglo 16 (vgase detalles, J. Jij6n y Caamafio, pp. 601 a c; Meillet y
Cohen; C.F. y F.M. Voegelin, vol. 7, no. 7, octubre 1965, pp. 78-9).
Al parecer de muchos lingilistas, el aimara y el quechua son gengtica-
mente relacionados.
Se le ha puesto al aimara en un mismo grupo con el
quedhua para constituir la divici6n andina del macro-filo andino ecuatorial (este es el parecer, por ejemplo, de Joseph Greenberg de la Universidad de Stanford).
Ya hacia 1890 H. Steinthal forj6 el Vermin() filo de
lenguas quechumaraes (o Kechumaran) ("Das Verhaltniss das zwischen dem
Ketschua and Aimara besteht,"
Berlin 1890, pp. 462-5).
VII Conotes International des Americanistes
(Vgase otras referencias, J. Jij6n y Caamafio.)
Aunque histOricamente el aimara ha perdido terreno con respecto al
quechua, actualmente amenaza absorber otros dos lenguajes indigenas de
Bolivia, el uru, y el chipaya, llamado a veces puquina, que sufren hoy
en dia fuerte influencia aimara.
Unas 800 personas hablan chipaya en el
extremo sur del altiplano boliviano mientras que el uru, hablado en los
K.
alrededores de los lagos Titicaca y Poop6, se ha reducido a apenas unos
100 hablantes (vgase U.S. Army 'Handbook for Bolivia, p. 89 y C.F. y F.M.
Voegelin, vol. 7, no. 7, oct. 1965, p. 11).
De acuerdo a la guia para el ejgrcito de los EE.UU. (U.S. Army
Handbook), el an° de 1952 inicia entre los estudiosos locales una postura
para con el aimara que biers puede significar una mejora en posici6n para
este lenguaje.
Desde 1952 se le ha estudiado al aimara (tambien al
quechua) como a tangible eslab6n del pattimonio nacional, y se ha tratado
de instituir el use de esta, su lengua natal, en la instruccition de
xi
escolares primarios.
Una ley de 1955 da comienzo a c4impanas de alfabeti-
zaci6n en zonas rurales y a la creaci6n de alfabetos para el quechua y
aimara, alfabetos que siguen las normas ortogrgficas dercastallano.
Sirve tambien el aimara como medio de comunicaci6n de
radiodifusiones y tratados politicos (vgase e.g. la Libreria Altiplano
que disemina propaganda comunista en las lenguas natales). La saita
presencia de la poblaci6n India en una vida politica mgs activa ha dado
sin duda mayor impulso al inters en estos idiomas, y es curioso que la
politica colonial espafiola tambign contribuy6 a la preservaci6n de los
mismos, al impedir que los indios aprendieran castellano.
C.F. y
De acuerdo a
Voegelin (vol. 6, no. 6, junio de 1964), un 36% de pobladores
hispanos de la sierra sabe algo o de quechua, o de aimara.
En afios recientes, el inters en el aimara ha venido creciendo
tanto en Bolivia como en el extranjero, entre los mismos hablantes
nativos y tambi& entre observadores no nativos.
TodaVia no se puede
notar en Bolivia la exaltaci6n de ningrin idioma Indio al nivel de medio
oficial administrativo y educativo paralela a la del guarani en el
Paraguay, peno tal eventualidad no debe descartarse.
El aimara sirvi6
en un tiempo, a la par que el Castellano, como idioma administrativo.
Durante los siglos 17 - 19, los documentos oficiales se promulgaban en
aimara, quechua y castellano (cf. ejemplos en Rivet).
Los prirneros
colonos espaiioles, especiaImente del ciero, se pusieron a traducir
tratados religiosos a los idiomas locales.
La primera descripcion
gramatical del aimara parece ser la obra de 350 pgginas escrita por
Ludovico
Roma 1603.
(Es interesante que seem Forbes, p. 793 que visit's Bolivia
de 1859-63, los aimaraes se reunian en La Paz con el propOsito de
mantener vivo el estudio de su lengua y de discutir la pureza de su
pronunciaci6n.)
A aquellos observadores escepticos que creen que debido a la
difusi6n de la ensefianza en castellano los idiomas indios de Sud
America estgn predestinados a gradual desaparici6n, nos gustaria
recordar pron6sticos similares respecto a los idiomas nacionales de los
nuevos to'aises de Europa hechos en el transcurso de los siglos 19 y 20.
A pesar de ellos el n6mero de lenguas nacionales en Europa ha aumentado
xii
rgpidamente durante el ultimo siglo y medio con el surgir de nuevos
estados, y los nuevos idiomas nacionales respectivos han tornado su lugar
en el mapa lingUistico de Europa, pese a las predicciones de fracaso.
Tales son por ejemplo el noruego, el islandgs, el lituano, el checo
el ukranio, o el beloruso.
III. posibaidadescleirla. El estudio del aimara le ofrece
al estudiante de bilingualismo y contacto idiomgtico un amplio laboratorio de investigaci6n.
No es nada inesperado encontrar que 400 afios
de contacto con el castellano y el quechua han dejado en el vocabulario
y is gramgtica aimaraes una marcada huella.
Ante el obsg-vador mgs
fortuito se pone de inmediata evidencia que el aimara y el quechua
comparten una gran parte de su vocabulario (Osborne, p. 10, afirma 30%
vocabulario comgn).
Estudios historicos detallados podrian revelar hasty
qug punto las similitudes en lexico y gramgtica son el resultado de
prgstamos relativamente recientes del quechua al aimara, o prueba de un
parentesco gengtico mgs antiguo.
La influencia del castellano en el
vocabulario aimara es tambign significativa (e.g., los dias de la semana,
nombres propios, vocabulario tgcnico, etc. son todos castellanos).
IV.
Dificultades.
En este material hemos tenido ocasign en cierta
medida, de postular las incursiones del bilingualismo como la motivation
de algunos casos de normas gramaticales divergentes.
Otros problemas
gramaticales numerosos, cuya descripcign necesariamente queda incomplete
aqui, tambign reflejan probablemente los efectos de la influencia del
castellano en la sintaxis aimara.
El use extenso de un tiempo durativo
en negativo (e.g. laniw sarascti 'no estoy yendo') en el habla de un
informante bilingile, pero oque.noexs.tmt:. en la de otros, parece clara-
mente resultado del modelo positivo negativo castellano (estoy yendo/ no
estoy yendo).
Otros asuntos no resueltos, como la aparente distribuci5n
ca6tica de los sufijos -way -jia, hate sospechar que si fug esta una
vez categoria gramatical importante de la lengua, quizg esta sufriendo
hoy reformas funcionales bajo el impact° del castellano.
Finalmente,
la distinci6n de aspecto que caracteriza los verbos formados de raices
verbales contrasta marcadamente con aquella debilitada de los verbos
r
formados de raices no verbales, como en el aspecto par cawquincafia
'(estar) donde (ahora mismo)' /cawquincascana '(estar) donde (en general)'
mientras el equivalente castellano donde (estar) funciona como adverbio
m5s el verbo 'estar'.
Estas y muchas otras cuestiones se tratan inadec.:a-
damente en gramlticas anteriores; nosotros estamos tambi6n lamertai;1L-
mente impedidos por la falta de estudios de dialectos, descripciones
gramaticales lingasticamente vglidas Testudios histeiricos.
Es de
antiguos y con el habla
esperarse que una comparaci6n con docutnentos
de monolinglies pueda indicar el camino hacia soluciones'tazonables.
La
influencia del castellano en el aimara es, adem5s, paralela a la del
aimara en el habla castellana de los bilingUes.
V.
Ortografia.
Presentamos el material con la ortografia adoptada por
las actuates campanas contra el analfabetismo, en la cual las palabras
castellanas guardan su ortografia original y las Tetras romanas tienen
el mismo valor en aimara como en castellano.
Por ejemplo, el nombre
propio Pablo conserva su ortografia en aimara pese a que puede pronunciarse Pablu o Pawru, dependiendo esto de la cultura del locutor y sus
conocimientos de castellano.
La pronunciacitin aimara de vocablos
castellanos ester siempre indicada.
Las normas inglesas rigen la
puntuacitin.
Paul Wexler
Language Coordinator,
Peace Corps Training Programs,
University of Washington and
Department of. Linguistics,
University of Washington,
Seattle, Washington.
Seattle, Spring l %7
xiv
LESSON A.
INVENTORY OF AYMARA SOUNDS
Consonants
bilabial
dental
prepalatal* postpalatal postvelar
°tops
simple
p
t
ch
aspirated ph
th
chh
qh
kh
glotallized p'
t'
ch'
c'
k'
* The prepalatal stops are characterized by a fricative release.
Nasals
m
n
fi
1
11
Liquids
trill
continuous
Fricatives
j
s
jj
Voiced stops b,d,,E occur only in foreign loans.
Vowels
Syllabic
i
e o
a
Non-syllabic
y
w
Next to postvelar stops and fricatives, i and .0 in native words
are replaced by e and o respectively:
e.g. warmi 'woman' /
Ewartila 'my wpman' (and not *Hanniii2).
Spanish e and o, on the other hand, are frequently replaced by
i and u respectively in Aymara; Spanish Voicedtstopsate frequently
ftpladet,by'yoicele-ss fricatives in Aymara:
e.g. regalo 'gift! /rilalu
Spanish words are written in their standard orthography, with the
omission of the accent mark: e.g. Jose, Maria. Spanish loans which
end in a consonant are spelled in Aymara with final -6a: e.g. Spanish
martes 'Tuesday' becomes martesa.lheAymara pronunciation of Spanis:
loans is given in parentheses next to the Spanisl spelling: e.g.
martesa ( martisa). The orthography follows that adopted by
Rudimentos de gramgtica aymara and the ComisieIn de alfabetizaciOn
yliteratura en Amara (La Paz) and others. In this orthography,
Spanish symbols are used to represent similar Aymara sounds (a, t,
ch, etc.); where Spanish lacks an appropriate symbol for an Aymara
sound, a combination of familiar symbols is proposed (ph, th, etc.);
in addition, new symbols are introduced (EL, t', etc.).
The following diagram indicates the relative position of the
prepalatal, postpalatal and postvelar series. The English "k" sounds
are also included for orientation.
baCk'of the mouth
front of the mouth
1111.111......M.Magn.m.
1. Aymara 11, fi, ch,
chh, .MONMON
ch'
c(a,u)/ ga(i)i c'(a,u)/ L1(L).
2. Aymara
2119
..i.
"k" of keel
English
cat, cool
k, kh, k',
3. Aymara
N.B. In the production of (1), the tip of the tongue touches the back
of the lower front teeth. The English "k" sounds are not found in
aymara. In the production of (3), the back of the tongue approaches (in
the production of jj) or makes ef:rect' contact (k, kh, k') with the
back region of the soft palate.
Pronunciation Drill - Arsuga
(1) pa
(4) ca
(3) cha
(2) to
pha
tha
chha
qha
kha
p'a
t'a
ch'a
c'a
k'a
(8) pi
(11) qui
(10) chi
(9) ti
jja*
(12) lei
phi
thi
chhi
qhi
khi
p'i
t'i
ch'i
q'i
k'i
(15) pu
(16) tu
(17) chu
(18) cu
(19) ku
phu
thu
chhu
qhu
khu
pvu
t'u
ch'u
Ct U
k'u
(22) apa
(23) ata
(24) acha
(7) la
(6) ja
(5) ka
(25) aca
(20) ju
(21) lu
4 iu*
flu
.J.J
(26) aka
achha
aqha
akha
ap'a
et'a
achha
ac'a
ak'a
(32) iql..i
(33) iki
(31) ichi
lli
iii*
atha
(30) iti
(14) li
(13) ji
apha
(29) ipi
ila
iphi
ithi
ichhi
ighi
ikhi
ip'i
i'ti
ichhi
iq'i
iki
(27) aja
aija
(28) ala
alla
(34) iji
iiii
* Sounds ma:ked with * don't occur in initial position in Aymara;
they are included here only for drill rurposes.
xvi
(35) ili
(36) upu
illi
(37) utu
uphu
(42) ulu
uj j u
(47) tata
(39) ucu
uthu
uchhu
ut'u
uch'u
(43) papa
(44) papa
up'u
(41) uju
(38) uchu
ullu
(48) tata
,
(40) uku
uqhu
ukhu
uc'u
uk'u
(45) phapa
(46) p'apa
phapha
papha
phapha
p'apha
p'ap'a
papa
phapha
p'ap'a
(49) thata
(50) t'ata
(51) chacha
thatha
tatha
thatha
t'atha
chhachha
eat'a
tat'a
that'a
eat'a
ch'ach'a
(52) chacha
(53) chhacha
(54) ch'acha
(55) caca
(56) caca
chachha
chhachha
ch'achha
cihaqha
chach'a
chhach'a
ch'ach'a
c ac 1 a
(57) qhaca
(58) c'aca
(59) kaka
1
(60) kaca
(61) jaja
caqha
cac 1 a
(62) lala
qhaqha
c'aqha
khakha
khaqha
jajja
lalla
qhac'a
c'ac'a
k'ak'a
k'ac'a
jajj
llalla
LESSON I - Navranquir lecciona
Vocabulary - Arunaca_
c umara
sano
healthy
chacha
hombre, esposo, marido
man, husband
ch'iqhi
inteligente
intelligent
David (Tawit)
David
Elena (Ilina)
Elena
Enrique (Inriqui)
Enrique
imilla
ni.a
girl
jach'a
grande
big
jach'a tansa
alto
tall
jake
persona, gente
person, man
jayra
flojo
lazy
jisa
si
yes
jisc'a
pequerio
small::
.
short
jiscia tansa
bajo
Jose (Jusiya)
Jose
khoru
malo,
bad
k'apha
activo
active
liq'i
gordo
fat
Maria (Mariya)
Maria
Pablo (Pawlu)
Pablo
pisi cbuyna
less, lacking
pisi
eluyma heart
tonto
Posita (Rusita)
Ropita
soma
buenp, silopetico
Susana
Scsana.
tansa
estatura
stature
tawako
la jcven
young woMan
stupid
good
LESSON I - Vocabulary
eugha
flaco
thin
usuta
enfermo
sick
warmi
mujer, esposa
woman, wife
wayna
el joven
young man
yokalla
niuo
boy
Grammar - Suma
I.
aYtanata ui
Mariaiisumatawakowa.
'Haria is a nice girl'
(literally 'M.-jj nice girl - is.')
Davidajj suma waynawa.
'David is a nice young man.'
Josegiisuma chachawa.
'Jose is a nice man.'
Aymara has an optional 'subject-object' marker (the term is tentative)
which, may be attached to the subject of the sentence (nouns, pronouns,
adjectives) or to the object of a verb phrase.
tawakowa is also possible.
Thus ?aria suma
The precise function of the optional
marker is presently unclear.
Possibly it is a stylistic device which
does not signal any difference in referential meaning.
in a vowel take the marker in the form -jj
Words ending
(Maria + jia), words
ending in a consonant or -e (in Spanish words) take the marker in the
form -ajja (David + aija, Jose + adia).
vowel, cf section III below.)
(On the loss of the final
When the subject of the sentence
comprises a modified noun, the marker is added to the last component
of the subject:
Jisc'a tansa waynajj.
'The short boy (4. ji)'
The same marker may also be attached to adverbs and verbs; in the
case of the latter,
stylistic.
the function appears to be grammatical rather than
These other uses will be discussed in later chapters.
Aymara has a predicate marker -wa, which, when attached to an adjective
or noun, conveys the meaning 'to be.'
The marker -wa can also occur with
3
LESSON I - Grammar
other parts of speech; these diverse functions are treated in later
lessons.
The marker -wa can appear,
2E1LaoseinLamlfTse; more-
over, -wa in the function of predicate marker or when attached
to verbs is restricted to positive declarative sentences.
The
different functions of (optional) -jje and (obligatory) -wa are
shown in the following sentences:
Acaj
'This is the house.' (Literally 'This -(subject)
utawa.
the house
'(This) house is the (this) one'.
Acaw
tansati?
Enriqueij Ougha waned?
'Is Maria short ?'
'Is Enrique a thin young man?'
The suffix -ti replaces the predicate marker -wa in interrogative
sentences.
Interrogative markers are always stressed.
The suffix
-ti may be attached to different components of the sentence,
depending on desired emphasis:
III.
Normal order:
Acan utjtati?
'Do you live here?'
Emphasis:
Acanti utita?
'Do you live here?'
Rules of elision:
the last vowel of an adjective with more than
two syllables may be dropped in sentence-medial position
the vowel
of the last word of a clause can never be dropped:
e.g.
palkcjjILEiggasayj.
'Pablo is a healthy boy.'
(full form: eumara)
In the vocabulary,items are listed in their full form.
In Pabloji
REELEalEna, suma cannot be contracted to sum because it has only
two syllables.
(Where suma functions as an adverb ('well'), it
may be contracted to sum.)
most native Aymara words are stressed on tha
IV.. Rules of stress:
last syllable.
The stress remains fixed regardless of elision.
e.g. c'umgra
/ c'umar
The only exceptioas to this rule are the interrogative markers
(e.g. -ti) which bear the strese.
V.
Aymara words are not marked for gender.
4
LESSONI
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscufia
M.
Enriquejj eugha waynawa
E.
Enriquejj eugha waynawa
M.
Joseajj
E.
Joseajj eugha waynawa
M.
jayra
E.
Joseajj jayra waynawa
M.
jakewa
E.
Joseajj jayra jakewa
M.
ch'iqhi
E.
Joseajj ch'iqhi jakewa.
M.
Pablojj
E.
Pablojj ch'ighi jakewa
M.
jisc'a tansa
E.
Pablojj jisea tansa jakewa
M.
chachawa
E.
Pablojj jisc'a tansa chachawa
M.
khoru
E.
Pablojj khoru chachawa
M.
suma
E.
Pablojj suma chachawa
M.
k'apha
E.
Pablojj k'apha chachawa
M.
pisi chuyma
E.
Pablojj pisi chuyma chachawa
M.
Davidajj
E
Davidajj pisi chuyme chnchawa
.
5
LESSON I
Substitution
M.
Davidajj pisi chuyma chachawa
E.
Davidajj pisi chuyma chachawa
M.
clumar
L.
Davidajj c'umar chachawa
M.
yokallawa
E.
Davidajj eumar yokallawa
M.
liq'i
E.
Davidajj
M.
jach'a tansa
E.
Davidajj jachla tansa yokallawa
M.
Enriquejj
E.
Enriquejj jach'a tansa yokallawa
M.
usut
E.
Enriquejj usut yokallawa
M.
waynawa
E.
Enriauejj usut waynawa
N.
t'uqba
E.
Enriquejj tlugha waynawa
M.
klapha
E.
Enriquejj k'apha waynawa
M.
Joseajj
E.
Joseajj k'apha waynawa
M.
j akewa
E.
Joseajj k'apha jaketia
M.
jiscla tansa
E.
Joseajj jisc'a tansa jakewa
yokallawa
6
LESSON I
Substitution Drill
M.
Mariajj ch'iqhi warmiwa
E.
Mariajj ch'ighi warmiwa
M.
liq'i
E.
Mariajj liq'i warmiwa
M.
jisc'a tansa
E.
Mariajj jisc'a tansa warmiwa
M.
khoru
E.
Mariajj khoru warmiwa
M.
Elenajj
E.
Elenajj khoru warmiwa
M.
c'umar
E.
Elenajj c'umar warmiwa
M.
eugha
E.
Elenajj eugha warmiwa
M.
tawakowa
E.
Elenajj eugha tawakowa
M.
Rositajj
E.
Rositajj eugha tawakowa
M.
jach'a tansa
E.
Rositajj jach'a tansa tawakowa
M.
usut
E.
Rositajj usut tawakowa
M.
pisi chuyma
E.
Rositajj pisi chuymattawakowa
M.
k'apha
E.
Rositajj k'apha tawakowa
7
LESSCN I
Substitution Drill
M.
E.
M.
liq'i
E.
Rositajj
M.
usut
E.
Rositajj usut tawakowa
M.
jakewa
E.
Rositajj usut jakewa
M.
Susanajj
E.
Susanajj usut jakewa
M.
suma
E.
Susanajj suma jakewa
M.
jayra
E.
Susanajj jayra jakewa
M.
imillawa
E.
Susanajj jayra imillawa
M.
k'apha
E.
Susanajj k'apha imillawa
M.
pisi chuyma
E.
Susanaji pisi eauyma immilawa
N.
jisc'a tansa
E.
Susanajj jisc'a tansa imillawa
M.
Mariajj
E.
Mariajj jisea tansa imillawa
M.
khoru
E.
Mariajj khoru imillawa
tawakowa
8
LESSON I
Questions and Answers -
Affirmative - Chekanaca
M.
Enriquejj t'ugha waynati?
E.
J!fsa, Enriquejj tiugha waynawa.
M.
Pablojj
E.
Jisa, Pablojj ch'ighi jakewa.
M.
Mariajj jisc'a tansa tawakoti?
E.
J!sa, Mariajj jisc'a tansa tawakowa.
H.
Elenajj jach'a tansa tawakoti?
E.
JYsa, Elenajj jach'a tansa tawakowa.
M.
Pablojj pisi chuyma waynati?
E.
J!sa, Pablojj pisi chuyma waynawa.
M.
Joseajj euqha jaketi?
E.
Jisa, Joseajj eugha jakewa.
M.
Davidajj khoru yokallati?
E.
J5Isa, Davidajj khoru yokallawa.
M.
Rositajj c'umar imillati?
E.
Jisa, Rositajj c'umar imillawa.
M.
Susanajj liq'i warmiti?
E.
Jisa, Susanajj
N.
Pablojj usut waynati?
E.
Jisa, Pablojj usut waynawa.
M.
Enriquejj k'apha chachati?
E.
Jisa, Enriquejj k'apha chachawa.
jaketi?
warmiwa.
Rositajj suma warmiti?
E.
Jisa, Rositajj suma warmiwa.
9
LESSON 1 - Questions and Answers - Affirmative
1.
Mariajj jisc'a tansati?
E.
nsa, Mariajj jisc'a tansawa.
M.
Joseajj eughati?
E.
JMsa, Joseajj eughawa.
Pronunciation - Arsufia
Pronunciation Review:
(1)
papha, phapa, papha, phapa
(2)
phapha, phapa, papha, papa
(3)
papa, phapha, papa, phapha
(4)
papha, phapa,.papha, phapa
(5)
papta,. phap'a, papta,.phap'a
'
(6)
.
.
p'apha, papa, p'ap'a, p'apha
.
(7)
phap'a, papa, p'ap'a, p'apha
(8)
'0
phapha, papha
I
(9)
tatha, thata, tatha, thata
(10)
tata, thatha, tata, thatha
(11)
tat'a, eatha, eata, that'd
(12)
that'a, thata, thatha, eanthiL
(13)
eatha, that'a, eatha, that'a
(14)
caca, kaka, caka, kaca
(15)
kakha, caqha, khaka, qhaca
(16)
k'ak'a, c'akta,-k'acta, c'ac'a
(17)
khakha.,:qhaCiha., k'aqha, qhak'a
.
.
lo.
10
LESSON I
Dialogue - Cuento
Rositampi Susanampi
R.
Susana, Francisca k'apha tawakoti?
S.
JMs, mama Rosa, Francisca k'apha tawakowa.
R.
Marian imillapa usutati?2
S.
JMsa, Marian imillapa usutawa.
R.
Juman chachana3
S.
JMsa, chachajja4 jisc'a tansawa.
jisc'a tansati?
NOTES:
1
-1221 'with, and'.
the conjunction:
2
Repeated with both components joined by
Rositampi Susanampi
'Is Maria's daughter ill?'
'Rosa and Susana'
(Literally 'Is Maria's her daughter ill?)
-na possessive suffix:
Marian
'Maria's'
-21 3rd person possessive suffix^
imillata 'her (his) daughter'
3
'your husband.'
-ma
4
2nd person possessive . suffix:
chachama 'your husband' Possession must he marked
in both pronoun and noun. The pronoun may be omitted.
a 1st person possessive suffix:
chachaiia 'my husband'
The possessive marker -.at, in contrast with the synonymous optional
subject marker, cannot be contracted in sentence medial position:
ciaclati would mean 'a, the husband'. The subject liarker may be added
to the possessive suffix: chachaliaii(a) 'my husband.'
11
1,,ccionp
Lii,SSON II -
Vocabulary - Arunaca
achila, aeaeila
abuelo
amigo (amiju)
amigo
Andres (Antrisa)
Andres
:.
grandfather
friend
Andres
:
.=
--
anu
perro
asno (asnu)
asno
donkey
awicha
abuela.,.
grandmother
cullaca
hermana
jila
hermano
brother
jiwasa
nosotros (tu y yo)
we (you sg. and I)
jiwasanaca
nosotros (inclusivo)
we (ycu pl. and I)
juma
tu
you (sg.)
jumanaca
tttedes
Yo0
jupa
el, ella
=
:
dog
'sister
'hi, she
:1
:
jupanaca
ellos
they
kawra
llama.
llama
mama
mama
mother
nanaca
nosotros (exclusivo)
we (exclusive)
naya
yo
oveja (iwija)
oveja
sheep
Pedro (?itru)
Pedro
Pedro
phucha
hija
daughter
tata
papa
father'
tia (tiya, tiyala)
tia
aunt
do (tiwu, tiwula)
do
uncle
vaca (waca)
vaca
cow
wali
muy
very
wawa
guagua
baby
yoka
hijo
son
12
LESSON II
Grammar - Suma parlanataqui
I.
Nayan amigojjajj wali suma jakewa.
'My friend is a very nice man.'
Possession is expressed by the addition of a suffix to the noun.
The possessive personal pronoun may also be added to distinguish
singular and plural possession.
e.g. Amigopajj ch'ighiwa.
'His (her) friend is intelligent:'
II
'Their
It
Ambiguity is removed by the addition of the possessive
pronoun:
jupan
'his (her)' /jupanacan 'their'
There are 8 pronominal forms, distinguished by number but not by
gender.
There are 4 numbers which are formally marked:
singular,
dual, dual plural, and plural.
1.
The dual form includes the speaker and one interlocutor (I and you)
2.
The plural of the dual indicates the speaker and more than one
interlocutor (you plural and I)
3.
The plural form 'we' does not distinguish the participants referred
to by the speaker.
Possessive pronouns are formed by the addition of the possessive
suffir -na if the preceding word ends in a vowel or -ana if the
preceding word ends in a consonant (e.g. proper and foreign names):
Pedrona 'Pedro's'/Juanana 'Juan's'
The word following a pronoun or noun with -na must have a pronominal
suffix attached to it:
nayan amigoljaji
N.B.
'my friend7ny'
The pronominal suffix cannot be contracted when the subject-
object marker -.11a is not present:
e.f. amigo-Ha:Ma)
'my friend'
amigojja
Contraction of amigojja 'my friend'resulfs in the form amigojj 'the
friend' (with subject-object marker).
(Possibly ...ii serves the function of the definite article in Aymara:
e.g. amigo '(a) friend'
saissji(a) 'the friend'
amigojjati(a) 'my friend'
This may be the case in many examples, but the use of -list in this
function is not consistent.
13
LESSON II - Grammar
Possessive _pronominal suffixes
Dual Plural
Singular
I
'my'
1
-sa 'our'
CI and you' plur.)
-sa 'our'
('I and you' sing.).
11=11.1.
Plural
-jig.
(! we')
'our'
2
-ma
'your'
-ma
'your'
3
-na
'his, her'
-2a.
'their'
-na
'(Jchn)'s
-na
s
Personal massa
1
nava
11.2294.
ikaalla 'we'
'we'
nanaca
'we'
2
juma
'you'
jumanaca
'you'
3
jupa
'he, she'
jupanaca
'they'
Possessive pronouns
1
navana
my
*iwaz_A4na
,,,
jiwasanacana
'our'
nanacana
2
Lima 'your'
3
junana
'his, her'
'our'
'our'
jumanacana
'ypur'
jupanacana
'their'
Verb paradigms rill be presented in the above format.
I
.1
14
LESSON II
Substitution Drill- Wasa arunac uscuila
M.
Nayan jilajjajj wali suma jakewa
E.
Nayan jilajjajj wali suma jakewa
M.
liq'iwa
E.
Nayan jilajjajj wali liceiwa
M.
pisi chuymawa
E.
Nayan jilajjajj pisi chuymawa
M.
cullacajjajj
E.
Nayan cullacajjajj pisi chuymawa
M.
wali k'aphawa
E.
Nayan cullacajjajj wali k'aphawa
ch'icihiwa
E. Nayan cullacajjajj wali ch'icihiwa
M.
jayrawa
E.
Nayan cullacajjajj wali jayrawa
M.
jach'a tansawa
E.
Nayan cullacajjajj wali jach'a tansawa
M.
khoruwa
E.
Nayan cullacajjajj wali khoruwa
M.
mamajjajj
E.
Nayan mamajjajj wali khoruwa
M.
eughawa
E.
Nayan mamajjajj wall eughawa
M.
eugha warmiwa
E.
Nayan mamajjajj wali euctha warmiwa
N.
ch'icihi
E.
Nayan mamajjajj wali
varmiwa
15
LESSON II - Substitution Drill
M.
Juman tatamajj jisc'a tansa chachawa
E.
Juman tatamajj jisc'a tansa chachawa
M.
khoru
E.
Juman tatamajj khoru chachawa
M.
wall k'apha
E.
Juman tatamajj wall k'apha chachawa
M.
E.
Juman tatamajj wali ch'ighi chachawa.
M.
jakewa
E.
Juman tatamajj wall ch'ighi jakewa
M.
achilamajj
E.
Juman achilamajj wall ch'ighi jakewa
M.
usut
E.
Juman achilamajj wall usut jakewa
M.
pisi chuyma
E.
Juman achilamajj wall pisi chuyma jakewa
M.
tatawa
E.
Juman achilamajj wall pisi chuyma tatawa
M.
jupan
E.
Jupan achilapajj wall pisi chuyma tatawa
M.
yokapajj
E.
Jupan yokapajj wall pisi chuyma tatawa
M.
khoru
E.
Jupan yokapajj wall khoru tatawa
M.
imillapajj c'umarawa
E.
Jupan imillapajj wall c'umarawa
.
1
16
LESSOW1I - Substitution Drill
M.
Jupan tiopajj wali khoru chachawa
E.
Jupan tiopajj wali khoru chachawa
M.
k'apha
E.
Jupan tiopajj wali k'apha chachawa
M.
jayra
E.
J'tpan tiopajj wali jayra chachawa
M.
waynawa
E.
Jupan tiopajj wali jayra waynawa
M.
jach'a tansa
E.
Jupan tiopajj wali jach'a tansa waynawa
M.
Jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan tiosajj wali jach'a tansa waynawa
M.
khoru
E.
Jiwasan tiosajj wali khoru waynawa
M.
usut
E.
Jiwasan tiosajj wali usut waynawa
cullacasajj wali usut tawakowa
E.
Jiwasan cullacasajj wall usut tawakowa
N.
eugha
E.
Jiwasan cullacasajj wall eugha tawakowa
M.
pisi chuyma
E.
Jiwasan cullacasajj wall pisi chuyma tawakowa
M.
suma jakewa
F.
Jiwasan cullacasajj wall suma jakewa
N.
leapha
E.
Jiwasan cullacasajj wnli k'apha jakewa
17
LESSON III:- Substitution Drill
M.
Enriquen amigopan warmipajj ch'ighi warmiwa
E.
Enriquen amigopan warmipajj ch'ighi warmiwa
M.
jisc'a tansa
E.
Enriquen amigopan warmipajj jisea tansa warmiwa
M.
khoru
E.
Enriquen amigopan warmipajj khoru warmiwa
M.
cullacapajj
E.
Enriquen amigopan cullacapajj khoru warmiwa
M.
tawakowa
E.
Enriquen amigopan cullacapajj khoru tawakowa
M.
c'umar
E.
Enriquen amigopan cullacapajj c'umar tawakowa
M.
tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj
E.
Tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj c'umar tawakowa
M.
jach'a tansa imillawa
E.
Tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj jachia tansa imillawa
M.
wali k'apha
E.
Tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj wali k'apha imillawa
M.
jayra
E.
Tiojjan phuchapan imillapajj wali jayra imillawa
M.
amigojjan cullacapan wawapajj
E.
Amigojjan cullacapan wawapajj wali jayra imillawa
M.
pisi chuyma wawawa
E.
Amigojjan cullacapan wawapcdj wali pisi chuyma wawawa
M.
eugha
E.
Amigojjan cullacapan wawapajj wali t ugha wawawa
e
18
LESSON II - Substitution Drill
N.
Jiwtsanacan jilasajj wall suma jakewa
E.
Jiwasanacan jilasajj wall suma jakewa
M.
usim
E.
Jiwasanacan jilasajj wall usut jakewa
M.
Jumanacan
E.
Jumanacan jilamajj wall usut jakewa
M.
Jupanacan
E.
Jupanacan jilapajj wali usut jakewa
MO.01.00.111.01.1110.00
..... OIMO ..
4isct'afianacampi iyaw saitanacampi
Affirmative - Chekanaca
U.
(Juman) jilamajj jisc'a tansa waynati?
E.
Jisa, nayan jilajjajj jisc'a tansa wayngwa.
M.
Juman mamamajj jach'a tansa warmiti?
E.
JYsa, nayan mamajjajj jach'a tansa warmiwa.
M.
Juman cullacapajj wall khoru tawakoti?
E.
JYsa, nayan cullacajjajj wall khoru tawakowa.
Nayan achilajjajj wall khoru chachati?
E.
JYsa, juman achilamajj wall khoru chachawa.
M.
Nayan yokajjajj wall liq'i waynati?
E.
JYsa, juman yokamajj wall liq'i waynawa.
U.
Nayan jisc'a tansa yokallajjajj wali jayrati?
E.
JMsa, juman jisc'a tansa yokallamajj wall jayrawa.
M.
Jupan cullacapajj k'aphati?
E.
JYsa, jupan cullacapajj k'aphawa.
19
LESSON II - Questions and Answers
Affirmative
M.
Pablon jach'a tansa warmipajj evqhati?
E.
nsa, Pablon jach'a tansa warmip6h.eughawa.
M.
Enriquen liq'i imillapajj usutad?'
E.
Jisa, Enriquen liq'i imillapajj usutawa;
M.
Nayan achilajjajj c'umarati?
E.
3Msa, juman achilamajj c'umarawa.
;11
Juman eugha jilamajj jayrati?
E.
J!sa, nayan eugha jilajjajj jayrawa.
Nayan cullacajjajj wall kiaphati?' "
E.
Jisa, juman cullacamajj wali kvaphaiga.-
Juman awichamajj usutati?
E.
Jisa, nayan awichajjajj usutawa.
M.
Awichamajj usutati?
E.
Jisa, awichajjajj usutawa.
V.
Cullacajjajj wali k'aphati?
E.
Jisa, cullacamajj k'aphawa.
M.
T'ugha cullacamajj jayrati?
E.
Jisa, eugha cullacajjajj jayrawa.
N.
Pablon liq'i imillapajj usutati?
E.
Jisa, liq'i imillapajj usutawa.
M.
Josean achilapajj c'umarati?
E.
Jisa, achilapajj c'umarawa.
.
20
LESSON II
Pronunciation Drill - Arsuna
(1)
k'ac'a, c'ak'a, k'aea, c'ak'a
(2)
khak'a, qhak'a, khac'a, qhak'a
(3)
jaja, jajja, jaja, jajja
(4)
jala, jalla, jala, jalla
(5)
lala, lalla, laia, lalla
(6)
pata, paka, papa, paca
(7)
tapa, kapa, papa, capa
(8)
thapha, thapa, thap'a, thatha
(9)
that'a, thap'a, thac'a, thap'a
(10)
t'apa, eats, eapha, eatha
(11)
p'apa, p'ata, p'aca, p'aq'a
(12)
(13)
phapha, phapa, papha, papa
(14)
papa, phapha, papa, phapa
(15)
(16)
pap'a, phap'a, pap'a, phap'a
(17)
p'apha, p'apa, p'ap'a, p'apha
(18)
tad:,
thata, tatha, thatha
Dialogue - Cuento
Ma voluntariampi and yokallampi
1
V.
Dios asqui ur churgtam, yokalla.
Y.
Dios asqui ur churatam, voluntaria.
V.
Waliqui3, jumasti4?
Y.
Nayajj ukhamaraqui.5
Camisaqui
2
?
21
LESSON II - Dialogue
V.
Cunas sutimajja?6
Y.
Sutijjajj Juancit:uwa.
V.
Ichwkha maranYtasa?7
Y.
Nayajj pakallk maranituwa.8
V.
AwquinacanYtati?'
Y.
nsa, awquinacanYtu.
V.
Escuelanctati?
Y.
nsa, nayajj escuelanctuwa.
V.
Cuna sutinis anumajja?
Y.
Anujja Dix satawa, jumansti?1
V.
Nayan top satawa.
Y.
Topcito khoruti?
V.
nsa, khoruwa.
Y.
Waliquiw, seliorita, uHjasificama.
V.
Ufijasificamay.
10
1
12
NOTES:
Literally 'May God give you a good day.'
1
'Hello'.
2
glow are yuu?'
3
'Fine'.
4
-sti is an interrogative suffix which may be attached
to nouns, pronouns and adjectives.
5
'likewise.'
6
'What is your name?'
cuna 'what'; -s(a)question suffix attached to interrogative
phrases introduced by a question word.
'and you?"
Ukhama 'so' + racui 'also.'
subject suffix. In interrogative
suti 'name'; -ma 'your';
sentences, the suffix -dia. receives the stress if it is in
utterance final position.
22
LESSON II - Dialogue
NOTES (continued)
7
'How old are you?'
Literally 'How many years do you have?'
m_ ara 'year':
maranifia 'to be old' (literally 'have years')
All infinitives end in
The infix -niindicates possessor.
--sa
question suffix.
8
'I am 7 years old.'
9
'Do you have parents?'
awqui, 'father'; awquinaca
'father'; cf. Spanish padre
maranYt(u)wa 'I have years.'
maranMtawa 'You have years.'
khawkha maranYtasa 'How many years do you have?'
question suffix.
cf.
'parents' (literally the plural of
'father' 'parents c)
palms
Lesson I above.
10
'Are you in school?'
-n- location marker -S7 verbalizer
escuelancafia 'to be in school'
escuelanct(u)wa 'I am in school'
escuelanctawa 'You are in school.'
11
'My dog's name is Dix.' Literally 'My dog is called Dix.'
iumanqi 'and yours?'. cf above, note #4.
12
'I'll be seeing you.'
ufi'aila.
'to see'
'to see one another'
-cama- 'until'
-1(a) 'then'
-si'one another'
uidasifia
23
LESSON III - Quimsanir
lecciona
aca
este, esta
this
anti
rosado
pink
azula
azul
blue
chawlla
pez
fish
colora (culura)
color
color
cuna
qug
what
ch'iyara
negrb
black
ch'ojjzia
verde
green
janiwa
no
no, not
jank'o
blanco
white
koka
firbol
tree
k'ellu
amarillo
yellow
libro (liwru)
libro
book
machaka
nuevo
new
.
merk'e
'casi viejo
almost old (onlyalfg)
mesa (misa)
mesa
table
morko
medio use
half used (on' i Ai)
cafe
nuwala (or nugala)
(cf. Spanish nogal 'walnut tree')
brown
oke
plomo
grey
puncu
puerta
door
qhaya
aquel
that over there
qhiti
quign
who
qhuri
mag ally
way over there
silla
silla.
chair
thantha
viejo
old (only for things)
uca
esa, ese
that
uta
casa
house
wila
rojo
red
24
LESSON III
Grammar - Sumaparlahataqui
I.
The interrogative suffix -sa is attached to the last word of a question
phrase. e.g.,'what? what color?'
use of -tl.
The presence of -sa precludes the
In interrogative sentences, the subject marker
takes
the stress if it appears in utterance final position.
(a)
The addition of -sa to question word:
Cunaslasajik
(alternate word order: Ace' cunasg?
'What is this?'
cu, nas in the first position is
most usual.)
Acajj utawa.
'This is a house.'
Cunas ucajjg?
'What is that?'
Ucajj jach'a utawa.
Cunas phayajjg?
'That is a big house.'
'What is this (over there)?'
Qhayajj jach'a kokawa.
Cunas qhurejjg?
'This (over there) is a
'What is that (over there)?'
Qhurejj jach'a merk'e utawa.
Cunas qhayajjg?
(i)
'That (over there) is a big house.'
'What is this (over there)?'
Qhayajj
uta puncuwa. 'That (over there) is the door of
the small house.'
Lit. 'small house door - is'.
(ii) Qhayajj jisc'a utan puncuwa.
glemjittqa.
Lit. 'small house's door - is.'
'That (over there) is the
Qhayajj utan jisc'a puncupawa.
tansa
small door of the house.'
'Who is that small man
er there); ?'
ghayaiisc'a tansalattama.
(b)
'That small man (over
there) is my father.'
The addition of -sa to a phrase introduced by a question word:
Cuna coloras aca utajjg?
(alternate word order:
Aca utajj k'elluwa.
'What color is this house?'
Aca utaji cuna colorasg?)
'This house is yellow.'
China coloras qhaya utan puncupajjg?
Qhaya utan puncupajj jank'owa.
'What color is the door of
that house (over there) ?'
'The door of that house (over there)
is white.'
25
LESSON III - Grammar
II.
Negative sentences:
Subject is followed by the negative janiw, the
final vowel of the predicate is.lgngthened and the negative suffix
(qui)ti added:
janiw...Vquiti / janiw...Vti.
(V = indicates the
repetition of the preceding vowel; the resulting combination of two
vowels yields one long vowel, indipated by 1!).
Mariaid_jisc'a tansa warmitf?
N.B.
'Is Aaria a short woman?'
Janiwa MasiadijALLIE!iisea tansa waTagaiti.
No, Maria is not
JaiiwatiarianSa warmYti..
a.short woman.'
The interrogative -suffix-t1 is always stressed.
The negative suffix -ti is always unstressed.
In negative statements, the
to the negative word iani
suffix
-LriAl is attached'
to., become janiwa.
26
LESSON III
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac usculla
Nayan utajjajj machak k'ellu utawa
E.
Nayan utajjajj machak k'ellu utawa
M.
merk'e
E.
Nayan utajjajj merk'e k'ellu utawa
M.
tiojjan
E.
Tiojjan utapajj merk'e k'ellu utawa
M.
anupajj ch'iy &rawa
E.
Tiojjan anupajj ch'iyarawa
M.
okLaa
E.
Tiojjan anupajj okewa
M.
qhaya
E.
Qhaya tiojjan anupajj okewa
M.
asnopajj
E.
Qhaya tiojjan asnopajj okewa
M.
uca tatamaix
E.
Uca tataman asnopajj okewa
M.
ch'iArawa
E.
Uca tataman asnopajj ch'iyirawa
M.
jank'owa
E.
Uca tataman asnopajj jank'owa
M.
ovejapajj
E.
Uca tataman ovejapajj jank'owa
M.
qhuri warmin
E.
Qhuri warmin ovejapajj jank'owa
M.
qhaya puncojj
Qhaya puncojj jank'ova
A.M. 4,1 -.**+*411Y
LESSON III - Substitution Drill
M.
Tata Pablon yokapan vacapajj okewa
E.
Tata Pablon yokapan vacapajj okewa
!
M.
utapan puncupajj
E.
Tata Pablon yokapan utapan puacupajj okewa
M.
azulawa
E.
Tata Pablon yokapan utapan puncupajj azulawa
M.
awichajjan utapan
E.
Awichajjan utapan puncupajj azulawa
M. emerk'ewa
E.
Awichajjan utapan puncupajj merk'ewa
M.
juman
E.
Juman utaman puncupajj merk'ewa
M.
ch'ojjfawa
E.
Juman utaman puncupajj ch'ojji-kawa
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan utasan puncupajj chlojjicawa
M.
wilawa
E.
Jiwasan utasan puncupajj wilawa
M.
mesasnjj
E.
Jiwasan masasajj wilawa
M.
cillaya warmin
E.
Qhaya warmin mesapajj wilawa
N.
wali morkowa
E.
Qhaya warmin mesapajj wall morkowa
M.
merk'ewa
E.
Qhaya warmin mesapajj wall merk'ewa
M.
nayan warmejjan
E.
Mayan warmejjan mesapajj wall merk'ewa
28
M.
Qhaya liq'i waynajj nayan jilajjawa
E.
Qhaya liq'i waynajj nayan jilajjawa
M.
t'ugha
E.
Qhaya t'ugha waynajj nayan jilajjawa
M.
tata Andresan
E.
Qhaya t'ugha waynajj tata Andresan jilapawa
M.
jiwasan
E.
Qhaya t'ugha waynajj jiwasan jilasawa
M.
chachajj
E.
Qhaya t'ugha chachajj jiwasan jilasawa
M.
tatasawa
E.
Qhaya t'ugha chachajj jiwasan tatasawa
M.
Pablon
E.
Qhaya t'ugha chachajj Pablon tatapawa
M.
qhuri jisc'a tansa waynajj
E.
Qhuri jisc'a tansa waynajj Pableu tatapawa
M.
juman
E.
Qhuri jisc'a tansa waynajj juman tAtamawa
M.
yokamawa
E.
Qhuri jisc'a tansa waynajj juman yokamawa
pisi chuyma
E.
Qhuri pisi chuyma waynajj juman yokamawa
M.
Pedron
E.
Qhuri pisi chuyma waynajj Pedron yoka,lwa
M.
aca
E.
Aca pisi chuyma way--,ajj Peeron yokapawa
29
M.
Tata Enriquen yokapan wawapajj jach'a tansawa
E.
Tata Enriquen yokapan wawapajj jach'a tansawa
M.
wali t'ughawa
E.
Tata Enriquen yokapan,wawapajj wali_Ouqhawa
M.
libropajj ch'ojjfiawa
E.
Tata Enriquen yokapan libropajj ch'ojjilawa
.5
M.
utapajj
E.
Tata Enriquen yokapan utapajj ch'ojjEawa
M.
mama Elenan
E.
Mama Elenan yokapan utapajj
M.
wali merk'ewa
E.
Mama Elenan yokapan utapajj wali merk'ewa
M.
tiapan sillapajj
E.
Mama Elenan tiaphfi sillapajj wali merk'ewa
M.
suma machakawa
E.
Mama Elenan tiapan sillapajj suma machakawa
I
ch'ojj.flaWa...
juman tiaman.
E.
Juman tiaman sillapajj suma machakawa
M.
wali thanthawa
E.
Juman tiaman sillapajj wali thanthawa
M.
suma antiwa
E.
Juman tiaman sillapaji suma antiwa
M.
ch'iyarawa
E.
Juman tiaman sillapajj suma ch'iyUrawa
M.
jiwasan cullacasan
E.
Jiwasan cullacasan sillapajj suma ch'iyarawa
30
LESSON III
L.
Questions and Answers - 4iset'ailanacampi iyaw safianacampi
Positive - Negative
-
Chekanaca - Jan chekanaca
(All negative constructions -quiti can be contracted to -ti.
Ohly
the long form will be drilled here.)
Ph
Mariajj jisc'a tansa warmitf?
E.
JYsa, Mariajj jisc'a tansa warmtVa,
E.
Janiwa, Mariajj janiw jisc'a tansa warmYquiti.
M.
Pablojj liq'i jaketi?
E.
J2sa, Pablojj liq'i jakewa....
E.
Janiwa, Pablojj janiw liq'i jakVqtati.
M.
Juman cullacaman utapajj machakati?
E.
J!sa, cullacaman utapajj machakavae.
E.
Janiwa_ (nayan) cullacajjan utapajj janiw machakHquiti.
N.
(Juman) jilaman ihupajj khoruti?
E.
J2sa, jilaman anupajj khoruwa.,
E.
Janiwa, (nayan) jilajjan anupajj janiw khorliqUiti.
IL
Tata Pedron kawrapajj eughati?
E.
J2sa, tata Pedron kawrapajj t'ughawa
E.
Janiwa, tata Pedron kawrapajj janiw
M.
Mama Elenan wawapajj usutatf?
E.
J2sa, mama Elenan wawapajj usutawa.
E.
Janiwa, mama Elenan wawapajj janiw usuaeliti.
M.
Tata Enriquen vacapajj ch'iygratf?
E.
J2sa, tata Enriquen vacapajj ch'iygrawk.
E.
Janiwa, tata Enriquen vacapajj janiw ch'iygraquiti.
31
LESSON III - Questions and Answers
Positive and Negative
M.
Tata Pablon yokallapajj pisi chuymati?
E.
JTsa, tata Pablon yokallapajj pisi chuymawa.
E.
Janiwa, tata Pablon yokallapajj janiw pisi chuym1quiti.
M.
Mama Rositan imillapajj suma faketi?
E.
JTsa, mama Rositan imillapajj suma jakewa..
E.
Janiwa, mama Rositan imillapajj janiw suma jakUquiti.
M.
Jiwasan utasajj ch'oWati?
E.
JYsa, jiwasan utasajj ch'ojjfia.rm.
E.
Janiwa, jiwasan utasajj janiw ch'ojjaaquiti.
Me
Jiwasan jilasan utapajj thanthati?
E.
JYsa, jiwasan jilasan utapajj thanthawa...
E.
Janiwa, jiwasan jilasan utapajj janiw thantilquiti.
M.
Qhaya warmin awichapajj khoruti?
E.
JTsa, qhaya warmin awichapajj khoruwa.
E.
Janiwa, qhaya warmin awichapajj janiw khorliquiti.
N.
Uca chachan phuchapajj c'umar tawakoti?
E.
nsa, uca chachan phuchapajj c'umar tawakowa.
E.
Janiwa, uca chachan phuchapajj janiw c'umar tawakUquiti.
r
[
Cr
E
IL.
Make up answers to the following questions.
1.
Cunas acajja?
2.
Cunas ucajja?
3.
Cunas qhayajja?
4.
Cunas qhurejja?
32
LESSON III - Questions
5.
Cuna coloras aca utajja?
6.
Cuna coloras aca utan puncupajja?
7.
Cuna coloras uca morko sillajja?
8.
Cuna coloras uca liq'i vacajja?
9.
Cuna coloras qhuri thantha utajja?
10.
Cuna coloras qhuri ovejja?
11.
Cuna coloras qhaya utan puncupajja?
12.
Cuna coloras ghaya jaken anupajja?
13.
Cuna coloras qhaya warmin kawrapajja?
14.
Cuna coloras juman machak sillamajja?
15.
Cuna coloras jiwasan mesasajja?
16.
Cuna coloras jupan thantha sillapajja?
17.
Cuna coloras jupan merk'e utapajja?
18.
Qhitis qhaya jisc'a tans* jakejja?
(*Elision is possible even though tansa is cnly bisyllabic;
iisea tansa functions as a compound'adjective.)
19.
Qhitis qhaya jayra tawakojja?
20.
Qhitis uce liq'i waynajja?
21.
Qhitis uca t'ugha waynajja?
22.
Qhitis qhuri jach'a tansa yokallajja?
23.
Qhitis qhuri liq'i tawakojja.?
24.
Qhitis uca usut mamajja?
33
LESSON III
Dialogue - Cuento
Andresampi Pedrompi
P.
Dios asqui ur chuiatam, tata Andres..
A.
Jumarus ukhamaraqui, tata Pedro.
P.
Cawquirus sarascta jumajjg?
A.
Nayajj qhuri machak utajjaru sarascta.
P.
Uca machak utamajj wali sumawa.
A.
4Ughamaquiw, tata, juma jutamay visitasiri.
P.
Waliquiw tata.
1
2
3
4
Yuspagaratam.5
NOTES:
-ru-
'Same to you.'
1
-s(a)
2
suffix of exclamation
'Where are you going?'
cawqui- 'where'; -ru- 'to' -s interrogative
sarascta 'I am going, you are going.'
interrogative stacnments
When -j11 is in sentence final position in
it takes the accent.
'to my house'
3
utajjaru
4
'So it is, senor.
jutamay
Come then for a visit.'
imperative: verb stem juts- plus. imperative m(al
plus y(a) 'then.'
visitasifia 'to visit':
visitasi- infinitive stem plus -rif:r the purpose of Nsiting.'
5
'Thank you.'
Dios pagarg,
Literally 'God will (re)pay you.'
From Spanish
Infinitive yuspagarafia
34
LESSON III
Pronunciation - Arsufia
The following pairs differ in the feature of aspiration, glottalization
or in tongue position (postpalatal and postvelar stops).
phuthu 'hole' / pp. aa 'cave'
'to heat' / lup'ifia 'to think, consider'
papa 'each' / sapha 'rice'
'to compress, squeeze' / k'aphifia:to smell, cause an odov.
tanta 'meeting / thantha 'old rag' / eant'a 'bread'
thaqui 'road' / taqul 'kick'
cheka 'straight, correct' / ch'eka 'left' /chhekha 'wing'
cusa 'excellent' / qhusa 'pretty, good, excellent',
ca__ ill 'where / kawkha 'how much'
c'aya 'very dirty' / Maya 'rabble'
eka 'plot of land' / ekha 'lazy, weak'
kolu 'grain, seed' /-kholu 'gravel; stones carried away by watery
kollu 'hill' / khollu 'empty, sterile'
mank'afia 'to eat' / mankhafia ''to enter'
p'eske 'soup made from quintie/ pheska 'five'
w_ ac's 'sash' / vaca
'cow'
.4
35
LESSON IV - Pusini.
lecciona
a este lado
on this side
cancha
spott's field
cawqui
donde
where
cawquincasquiia
(en)donde estg(por
el momenta)
where is (at this
moment)
cawquinquisa
(en) donde estg (una
manera permanente)
where is (permanently)
cawqari
cual
chaca
puente
bridge
Chuquiagu (Chuquiaju)
La Paz
La Paz
accata
cancha
,
(.,
cocina (cucina)
cocina
(or phaya:t uta 'cooking
house')
A.
which
kitchen
choke
papa
escuela ( escuela)
(or yatekafi uta
escuela
school
jac'a
cerca
near
jawira
rio
river
khathui
mercado
market, fair
kollu
cerro
bill
kota
lago
lake
marca
pueblo
town
qhurcata
al otro lado
on that (the other) side
pata
sobre
over
teja, tecba (tiju,
tichu)
thaqui
teja (techo)
tile roof
camino
road
tienda (tints)
tienda
store
uficatasi
al frente de
in front of
yapu
chacra
plot of land
, -potato
'learning house' primarily used among
old folk)
36
LESSON IV
Grammar - Suma parleeataqui
I.
The Aymara verbal system is characterized by aspect (manner in
which the action is completed) and tense (time when the action
is completed).
Verbs which express completed action or call
attention to a specific point in time are called punctual verbs:
verbs which express incomOleted action are called durative verbs.
(The interrelationships of aspect and tense are presented in detail
in Lesson VI.)
The compound suffixes -.(a)ncafia / -(a)ncascafia convert a noun,
adjective or adverb into a verb meaning 'to be in, at
.'
This
derivational process is very productive in the language.
-(a)-
only present when the preceding word
ends in a consonant
-n-
location suffix
-c(a)-
verbalizer
-sc-
durative action
-afia
infinitive ending
-A27/-227 pluralizer
-sa
Punctual:
cawquincaaa 'to be where' (at a given moment)
from ammi7, root meaning 'where.°
(=P)
Durative:
(=D)
added to verbs formed from question words.
cawquincascafia 'to be where'(in general; with no
reference to a specific point in
Singular
Dual
time...!
Dual Plural
1P cawquinctsa
1P caw uinctansa
1P callgAgREPIE111
1D cawquincasctsa
1D sawmincasctansa
1D cawquincasipctansa
Plural
1P cawquincaptsa
1D cawquincasipctsa
2P caiquinctasa
2P cawguincaptasa
2D cawquincasctasa
2D cawquincasipctasa
3P cawgenquisa
3P cauquincL:pquisa
3D cawquincasquisa
Si) lauquincasipquisa
37
LESSON IV - Grammar
In positive declarative sentences, the predicate suffix -wa replaces
the interrogative suffix -sa:
P:
utancafia 'to be at. home'(framjuta 'house9..
D:
utancascafia 'to be at home'
1P
utanctwa.
1D
utancasctw, etc.
e.g.
utancalla/
u_
tancascaaa 'to be at
in the
(g4.0
avionancalial avionancascalia 'to be'in.a plane' (avion)
autoncaLa/ autoncascala 'to be' in'd.cae (auto)
trenancanartrenancascafia 'to be in a train' (tree)
cochencafia/ cochencascafia 'to be in a carriage (coche)
Esnanancal4 Esnafiancasca"ia itO:lie in-Spain' (Esnafia)
Estados UnidosanceLed:EstadosAnidcsancascalla 'to be in the USA
(Estados 'Jnidos)
In positive interrogative sentences, add-the suffik -ti (with stress):
Pedro]] utanquiti/ utancasquiti? !Is Pedro at. home ?'
The suffix -ti can be attached.tcrothep.partA,of.,the,sentence i'r
purposes of emphasis. :.
Pedroti utanqui/ utancasqui?
'Is Pedro (and' not Juan). at home?'
In negative declarative statements, add the suffix -ouiti, (with the
stress on glii).to-n'(cis)-:
Pedrojj
janiw Utanoiliti/ utancaseliti
'Pedro is not at home:4
Models:
(a)
awtinsiuissa4rjaiiv
'Where is Susana (right now
Susaia--icelt?
Susanaj& marcanquiwa. 'Susana is in the village.'
RomaiLigniEJEaranexiti.
(b)
'Susana is not in the village.'
EcalglatIliAJLEgadigy 'Where is Susana :in generai)?'
inElliLgEETAESAEMALAY
Susanaj j marcancasquiwa. 'Susana is in the. village (in general;
usually).'
Susanail 'aniw marcancasquiti. 'Susana is not in the village (in
general).'
LESSON IV - Grammar
N.B.
The cpposit dnr of cawquincafia/
does not appear
LAcacquilt
to be maintained consistently by all native speakers.
punctual form is used exclusively.
Instead the
Our hypothesis is that the
distinction of aspect, maintained with verb stems, is being abandoned
in this pair under the pressure of a single Spanish equivalent donde.
The problem requires further investigation.
Consequently, questions
using punctual cawquinquis may be answered with a durative verb:
e.g.
Cawquinquis tata Andresanyokapajja?
'Where is sefior Andres' son?'
Tata Andresen yokapaij marcancasquiwa.
mtLima cata__AqJumanvrmuinuisa.?
'SeAor Andrea' son.is
in the village.'
'Where is your wife?"
nitancasuiwaWarmea-1.
'My wife is in that house over
there.'
hous,?'
CawigAriltaEttruienutaag? 'Which is se7or E-.1riquc.
T4t2ABSIVIRMtaRii2911214Ike
ucalEfo
girlya jawir qhurcatancquisl uca jank'o uta717...a Ext7iquutaDaLia.
'SelAor Enrique's house is that white house,.Nh2ch is) on that
side of the river.'
Order of components:
[subject clause] + [relative clause] + [predicate clause]
or [relative clause] + [predicate clause] + [subject clause]
laguLpatancafia 'to be over the hill'
kollu qhurcatanca 'to be on the other side of the hill'
kollu accatancafia 'to be on t:As side of ;:he bill'
IlogilLiaslapsailajto be near the hill'
kollu uficatasincela 'to be in front of the hill'
e.g. ghasatmcggEill
'which is on the other side'
= location infix
n
c
= verbalizer
= which
= 3rd person singulat
s(a) = relative suffix ('which')
117.
-pa location suffix; synonymous with the poosessive zaarker
'my brother's house'):
marcancasquiwa 'he is in town'
Estados Unidos marcan 'in an American town'
39
LESSON IV
Substitution Drill - Wass arunac uscuLa
N.
Nayan jilajjajj khathuncasquiwa.
E.
Nayan jilajjajj khathuncasquiwa.
M.
Rositan phuchapajj
E.
Rositan phuchapajj khathuncasquiwa.
M.
escuelan
E.
Rositan phuchapajj escuelancasquiwa.
14.
juman
E.
Juman phudhauajj escuelancasquiwa.
M.
Chuquiaguncasquiwa.
E.
Juman phuchamajj Chuquiaguneasquiwa.,.
M.
jupan
E.
Jupan phuchapajj.Chuquiaguncaskluiwa:
t
utan
E.
Jupan phuchapajj utancasluiwa.%:.
jach'a tansa yokapajj
.
E.
Jupan jach'a tansa yokapajj. utandasquiwa.
14.
jiwasali
E.
Jiwasan jach'a tansa yokasajj utancasquiwa.
M.
yapuncasquiwa
E.
Jiwasan jach'a:tansa yokasajj yapuncasquiwa. .
M.
nayan amigojjan
E.
Nayan amigojjan yokapajj yapuncasquiwa. .
r
jawiran
E.
Nayan amigojjan yokapajj j awirancasquiwa.
M.
juman
E.
Juman amigojjan yokapajj jawirancasquiwa.
40
LESSON IV -:Sacitiiution Drill
M.
Nayan warmejjajj cocinancasquiwa.
E.
Nayan warmejjajj cocinancasquiwa.
M.
juman
E.
Juman warmimajj cocinancasquiwa.
M.
warmiman cullacapajj
Juman warmiman cullacapajj cocinancasquiwa.
kolluncasquiwa
E.
Juman warmiman cullacapajj kolluncasquiwa.
M.
Estados Unidos marcan
E.
Juman warmiman cullacapajj Estados Unidos marcancasqui:.:.
E.
Enriquen
E.
Enriquen warmipan cullacapajj Estados Unidos mar,...ancasqulwa.
M.
tatajjajj
E.
Tatajjajj Estados Unidos marcancasquiw...
M.
kollu patan
E.
Tatajjajj kollu patancasquiwa.
M.
juman cullacaman chachapajj
E.
Juman cullacaman chachapajj kollu patancasquiwa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan calecasan chachapajj kollu patancas.luiwa.
M.
kotancasquiwa
E.
Jiwasan cullacasan chachapajj kotancasquiwa.
M.
nayan
E.
Nayan cullacajjan chachapajj kutancasquiwa.
M.
amigojjan yokapajj
E.
Nayan amigojjan -okapajj kotancasquiwa.
M.
ithaLlun
F
Navan amigojjan yokapajj khathuncasquiwa.
147
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42
LESSON IV = Substitution Drill
M.
Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca wila teja utaw, tata Pablon
utapajja.
E.
Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca wila teja utaw, tata Pablon
utapajja.
M.
nayan
E.
Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca wila teja utaw, nayan utajjajja.
vacaw
M.
E.
Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca liq'i vacaw, nayan vacajjajja.
M.
tata Franciscon
E.
Qhaya kollu patancquis, uca liq'i wcaw, tata Francisccn
vacapajja.
H.
jawir qhurcatancquis
E.
Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca liq'i vacaw, tata Franciscon
vacapajja.
M.
ch'oke yapuw
E.
Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca ch'oke yapuw, tata Franciqco7...
yapupajja
M.
juman
E.
Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca ch'oke yapuw, juman yapumaEs,
jiwasan
E.
Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca ch'oke yapuw, jiwasan
yapusajja.
M.
thaqui accatancquis
E.
Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca
M.
uca eugha waynaw, tata Pedron jilapajja.
E.
Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca t'ugha waynaw, tata Pedron
jilapajja.
M.
juman
E.
Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca eugha waynaw, ju....n jilamajja.
M.
nayan
E.
Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca eugha waynaw, nayan
jilajjajja.
M.
machak utaw
E.
Qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca machak utaw, nayan utajjajja.
jiwasan yapusajja.
43
LESSON IV
Questions and Answers - 41.stt'efiaracampi ivaw sa-'lanacami
Positive - Chekanaca
T.
M.
Susanajj marcanquiti?
E.
nsa, narcanquiwa.
M.
Jilamajj utamanquiti?
E.
nsa,utajjanquiwa.
I.
Mamasajj khathunquiti?
E.
J!sa, khathunquiwa.
H.
Pedron cullacapajj escuelanquiti?
E.
J7sa, escuelanquiwa.
N.
Pabion khoru anupajj utamanquiti?
nsa,utajjanquiwa.
EL
Vacamajj pampanquiti?
E.
nsa,pampaaquiwa.
JAL
Mariajj khathuncasquiti?
E.
JYsa,khathuacasquiwa.
Josean jilapajj oficinancasquiti?
E.
Jisa,oficivancasquiwa.
N.
Cullacamajj jawirancasquiti?
E.
JY.sa, jawirancasquiwa.
L Cullacaman chachapajj ChuquiaguncasquiW
E.
asa, Chuquiaguncasquiwa.
N.
Jiwasan asnosajj kolluncasquiti?
E.
nsa, kolluncasquiwa.
M.
Tata Pablon wawapajj marcancasquiti?
E.
nsa, marcancasquiwa7
44
LESSON IV - Questions and Answers
Positive
M.
Tataman utapajj qhayati?
E.
nsa, qhayawa.
Pedron utapajj uca k'ellu ucati?
E.
1.
nsa, uca k'ellu utawa.
Josean cullacapajj uca jach'a tansa tawakoti?
E.
nsa, uca jach'a tansa tawakowa.
N.
Pablon autopajj qhaya chaca jac'ancquis ucati?
E.
JIsa, ucawa.
N.
Enriquen vacapajj qhaya thaqui qhurcatancquis ucati?
E.
Jisa, ucawa
i.
Libromajj aca machak libroti?
E.
JYsa,ucawa.
Positive - Negative - Chekanaca - Jan chekanaca
II.
M.
Tatamajj khathuncasquiti?
E.
JYsa, tatajjajj khathuncasqfiiwa.
E.
Janiwa, tatajjajj janiw khathuncasquiti.
M.
Cullacamajj escuelancasquiti?
E.
nsa, cullacajjajj escuelancasquiwa.
E.
Janiwa, cullacajjajj janiw escuelancasquiti.
M.
Tata Josean yokapajj utapancasquiti?
E.
Jisa, tata Josean yokapajj utapancasquiwa.
E.
Janiwa,tata Josean janiw yokapajj utapancasquiti.
M.
Mama Elenan imillapajj yapuncasquiti?
E.
.visa, mama Elenan imillapajj yapuncasquiwa.
E.
Janiwa, mama Elenan janiw imiliapajj yapuncacquitl.
45
LESSON IV - Questions and answers
Positive - Negative
ML
Mama Rositan chachapajj Chuquiaguncasquiti?
E.
asa, mama Rositan chachapajj Chuquiaguncasquiwa.
E.
Janiwa, mama Rositan janiw chachapajj Chuquiaguncasquiti.
M.
Qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca jankto utajj, Aifredon utc.pati
E.
J!sa, qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca jank'o utajj Alfredon utapams.
E.
Janiwa, qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis uca jankto utajj janiw Alfredon
utapPlaiti.
N.
Qhaya k'ellu ut u catasincquis, uca jisc'a utajj juman utamaLi?
E.
nsa, qhaya k'ellu ut u'catasincquis, uca jiac'a utajj, nayan
utajjawa.
E.
Janiwa, qhaya k'ellu ut utcatasincquis, uca jisc'a uta2j, jani7
nayan uta:;iaquiti.
R.
Qhuri jawir jac'ancquis, uca kokajj, jilaman kokapati'
E.
Jisa, qhuri jawir jaeancquis, uca hckajj, jilajjan kol:apawa.
E.
Janiwa, qhuri jawir jac'ancquis, uca kokajj, janiw jiiajjan
kokapgquiti.
H.
Qhuri thaqui accatancquis, uca jach'e vacajj, jumtn vacamati''
E.
Jisa, qhuri thaqui accatancquis, uca jach'a vacajj, nayan vacajjawa.
E.
Janiwa, churl thaqui accatancquis, uca jeah'a vacajj jardw nayaa
vacajjliquiti.
uca utajj, rata Davidan utapati?
EL
Qhaya kollu patancquis
E.
Jisa, qhaya kollu patancquis, uca utajj, tata Davidan utapawa.
E.
Janiwa, qhaya kollu patancquia, uca utajj, janiw tata Davidan
utapgquiti.
M.
Cawquinquis Juanan j ay ra yokalIapajja?
E.
Juanan jayra yokallapajj'marcancasquiwa / khathuncascuiwa /
escue1ancasquiwa / Estados Unidosancasquiwa/
aatoncascuiva.
Cawquincasctse
E.
(Jumajj) marcancasctawa, etc.
211
46
LESSON IV - Questions and Answers
Positive - Negative
Cawquincasctasa?
E.
(Nayajj) marcancasctwa, etc.
M.
Cawquincasquis tata Pedrojja?
E.
Tata Pedrojj marcancasquiwa, etc.
M.
Cawquincasctansa?
E.
(Jiwasajj) marcancsctanwa, etc.
M.
Cawquincasipctansa?
E.
(Jiwasanacajj) marcancasipctanwa, etc.
M.
Cawquincasipctsa?
E.
(Nanacajj) marcancasipctwa, etc.
N.
Cawquincasipctasa?
E.
(Jumanacajj) marcancasipctawa, etc.
M.
Cawquincasipquisa?
E.
(Jupanacajj) marcancasipquiwa, etc.
Dialogue - Cuento
Juancitotis12jle
J.
Camisac jilata, cawquirus sarascta?
Waliqui, naya escuelaru sarascta.
1
J.
Nayan mamajjaw usuta, ucat jan escuelar sarcti.
FL
Ma llaquiwa, yatichiri wall tareanac churapjjetu, juta4amawa.
J.
Ukhamawa, mamajja waliptani, sara, ufijasificama.
M.
Waliquiw jilata.
2
3
Nayaw tareanac mayeama, unjasillcamay.
11,7
LESSON IV - ialOpe
NOTES
/
'Therefore I am not going to school;' ucata 'therefore'.
2
'What a pity, the teacher gave us many lessons; you should Cove.'
ma 'one'; llaqui 'pity'; vatichiri 'teacher'; tarea (taria)'ifts3one
churapjjetu 'he gives/gave us'.
3
'So, as soon as my mother is well, (then) I will go, I'll see you.'
waliptani:
72.11- signals 'complete change';
Eiijasiiicama 'until we see one another' afinitive uilaia 'to see'i
uijasita 'to see one another' plus -cama 'until.'
4
'I will lend you the lessons'.
me-yeafia 'to lend.'
48
LESSON V -
Pheskrz lrccionn
emalas
apilla
oca
oca oxalis with yellow
flowers
arroza (arrusa)
arroz
rice
aycha
carne
meet
azucara
azucar
sugar
calamina
calamina
tin roof
cawqha
donde
where
cawqhana
en donde
where (definitf! :ocat.:.on'
cebolla (ciwulla)
cebolla
cuion
cerveza (cirwisa)
cerveza
beer
c t awna
huevo
o-
cstancia
estancia, comunidad
community
leche (lichi)
leche
min
lulu
chiquita, Tana
little girl
naranja
orange
ovej leche (iwij lichi)
leche de oveja
sheep's milk
ovej aycha (iwij aycha)
carne de oveja
mt.21,:ton
phuju
pozo
well (of water)
plgtano
bona na
eant'a
pan
tread
toLizo
mail
'
corn
uma
agua
ureter
ntjnaa
haber,'tener,
t' have
vaca aycha (waca aycha)
carne de vaca
bec..:
vallesa (vallisa)
valles
valleys
naranja (laranqha,
f
r.,
..
laranj a)
pokata
,,
49
LESSON V
Grammar - Suma parla.lataoui
I.
(a)
'Seiior, where is your father's house?
latAtsamnhas tataman utaujj12
When calling to a person, the noun is used without any subject
marker.
e.g. Tata!
'father!'
'My father's house is that one.'
Nayan tatajjan
(b)
Tata, cawihas amigoman utapajja
'SeEor, Taiiiere is your friend! E:
house?'
Na a n amigo
an uta ajj, Oa a iisc'a utftauis
ucawa.*
yayan amigojjan utarajj, clhaT7a iisea utrAva.
'My friend's
ec(Literally:
house,
is that small one there.'
'My friend's house is that one, which is that small
house over there.''}
Ti_g_a_ds is formed from uta + Vqu5sa:
'The house 'which is'
Macias_
q--s
ui
V =
relative marker 'which'
3rd person singular
doubling of the last vowel of the preceding word.
gPELLAIAULE424242L11111g1E:=5.21521LIIE-9110LESAratT9*
211umla,912STIMEIZL182101fitioman utaPati?
llgistAlhaza calamin utajj, tioman utapati?
7Seora, is that house Wi-ch the roof your uacle's house?'
Miterally:
'Seora, is your uncle's house the one which is that
roof over theral')
41sALAAELRILTwilalkkgPAuclii_tioi'an utaDava-
.1121.2ahata calamlutguiritys.
Jisa, chava calamin.,ucaidliojjen vtapawa.
'Yes, that house over there with the roof is my uncle's house.'
Order of clauses in interrogative sentences:
[Relative clause] + [Subject clause] + [Predicate clause]
(a)
Tata cawqhans eallfadjlaj12
saktms:
'Seor, where is there water?'
(Literally 'in where?')
the addition of the -n- infix indicates location.
stilwa. (preferred word order)
utiiw
gpayajawirsullituplii.
'There is water on that side of the
river.'
50
LESSON V - Grammar
"awiran:
the -n- suffix indicates location.
utji/utliwa:
the particle wa may be attached to positive verbs
in declarative sentences.
Its distribution is further character-
ized in Lesson IV.
'Seora, are there eggs in
that store over there?'
(b)
_na-12_21..glaatiaIt.i/ut.iwansac'aw.
'Yes, there are eggs in
that store over there.'
Janiwa, eawnajj qhaya tiendandaniw utjOiti/utjiti.
'No, there are no eggs in that store over there.'
III.
Differences between cawqhans and cawquins.
According to Rudimentos,
saglians is used with reference to specific inanimate objects while
cawquins may be used indiscriminately with specific or general
In this cac.c, cawqhans may function as a "definite
inanimate objects.
adverb," corresponding to the definite article in English and Spanish:
"Where is the
e.g.
?'
'Sefior, where is the bread?'
Tata, cawtans eant'aii_mtii?
Tataa.cawquins cafmjjulii,
'Seilor, where is there coffee?'
With animate objects, saguinquis and cawqhanquis are used (possibly
with the same distinction as cawquins and amigo).
(This problem
requires further study.)
IV.
Qhitins 'whose':
e.g.
V.
note the use of the possessive marker -n-.
'Senora, who has eggs?'
'Whose eggs are there?')
(literally:
Mama, qhitins c'awnajj utji?
Cunans in the meaning of 'when' or 'in what'('where'):
e.g.
Tata, cunans fiestajj utii? 'Seri.or, when (i.e., in what day,
hour, etc.) is the fiesta?'
Tata cunans wali ch'okeiLutii?
'Sefior, in what (where) are
the many potatoes?'
LESSON V
1-
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuKa
Pokotajj, tata Andresan utapan utji.
E.
Pokotajj, tata Andresan utapan utji.
M.
chawllajj
E.
Chawllajj, tata Andresan utapan utji..
M.
tiendapan
E.
Chawllajj, tata Andresan tiendapan utji.
M.
mama Marian
E.
Chawllajj, mama Marian tiendapan utji.
M.
nayan
E.
Chawllajj, nayan tiendajjan utji.
M.
eant'ajj juman
E.
T'ant'ajj, juman tiendaman utji.
qhaya jank'o utaquis ucan
E.
T'ant'ajj, qhaya jank'o utaquis next utji.
M.
vaca aychajj
E.
Vaca aychajj, qhaya jank'o ut &lquis ucan
M.
vaca lechejj,
E.
Vaca lechejj, qhaya jan104),-utUquil-ucan utji.
M.
qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca.jiscca tiendan
E.
Vaca lechejj, qhaya thaqui accatancquis,.uca jisc'd tiondan
utji.
M.
c'awnajj
E.
C'awnajj qhaya thaqui accatancquis, uca jisc'a tiendan utji.
M.
qhaya marcan
E.
C'awnajj, qhaya marcan utji.
M.
azucara.U, awichasan utapan
E.
Azucarajj, awichasan utapan utji.
52
LESSON V
Substitution Drill
M.
Nayan yapojjajj acawa
E.
Nayan yapojjajj acawa.
M.
utajjajj
E.
Nayan utajjajj acawa.
uca jisc'a merk'e
E.
Nayan utajjajj, uca jisc'a merk'e utawa.
M.
3uman
E.
Juman utamajj, uca jisc'a merk'e utawa.
M.
machak
E.
Juman utamajj, uca jisc'a machak utawa.
M.
tiendamajj
E.
Juman tiendamajj, uca jisc'a machak tiendawa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan tiendasajj, uca jisc'a machak tiendawa.
M.
qhaya jach'a k'ellu
E.
Jiwasan tiendasajj, qhaya jach'a k'ellu tiendawa.
M.
qhuri chaca jac'ancquis ucawa.
E.
Jiwasan tiendasajj, qhuri chaca jac'ancquis, ucawa.
N.
tata Pablon yapupajj
E.
Tata Pablon yapupajj, qhuri chaca jac'ancquis ucawa.
M.
phujupajj
E.
Tata Pablon phujupajj, qhuri chaca jac'ancquis ucawa.
M.
nayan
E.
Nayan phujojjajj, qhuri chaca jac'ancquis ucawa.
M.
qhaya ut jac'anquiwa
E.
Nayan phujojjajj qhaya ut jac'anquiwa.
53
LESSON V.- Substitution Drill
M.
Nayan yapojjajj, qhaya jach'a clOoke yapuwa.
E.
Nayan yapojjajj, qhaya jach'a ch'oke yapawa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan yapusajj, qhaya jach' a chtoke yapuwa.
M.
apill
E.
Jiwasan yapusajj, qhaya jach'a apill yapuwa.
M.
utasaji, qhaya'k'ellu utawa
E.
Jiwasan utasajj, qhaya
M.
juman
E.
Juman utamajj, qhaya
M.
iawir, qhurcatancquis-, uca.
E.
Juman utamajj, qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca k'ellu utawa.
M.
awichajjan"
E.
Awichajjan utapajj, qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca kvellu
utawa.
M.
kokapajj, qhaya thaqui jac'ancquis ucawa
E.
Awichajjan kokapajj, qhaya thaqui jac'ancquis ucawa.
M.
nayan
utawa.
ucawa.
.
E.
:
Nayan kokajjajj, qhaya thaqui jac'ancquis ucawa.
vacajjajj
M.
E.
Nayan liq'i Iracajjajj, qhaya thaqui jaeancquis ucawa.
M.
kollu patancquis, uca ch'iyLr vacawa
E.
Nayan
vacajjajj, qhaya kollu patancquis, uca ch'iygr
vacawa.
N.
jilajjan
E.
Jilajjan liq'i vacapajj, qhaya kollu patancquis, uca ch'iygr
vacawa.
M.
kawrapajj
E.
Jilajjan liq'i kawrapajj, qhaya kollu patancquis, uca chliyar
kawrawa.
J1
54
LESSON V - Substitution Drill
N.
Josean utapajj, qhaya jank'o utUquis ucawa.
E.
Josean utapaij, qhaya jank'o ut%quis ucawa.
M.
nayan
E.
Nayan utajjajj, qhaya jank'o ut5quis ucawa,
M.
qhaya jach'a
E.
Nayan utajjajj, qhaya jach'a ut%quis ucawa.
M.
Pedron yapupajj
E.
Pedron yapupajj, qhaya jach'a yapuquis ucawa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan yapusajj, qhaya jach'a yaptiquis ucawa.
M.
kokasajj
E.
Jiwasan kokasajj, qhaya jach'a kokaquis ucawa.
juman
E.
Juman kokamajj, qhaya jach'a kokaquis ucawa.
M.
estanciamajj
E.
Juman estanciamajj, qhaya jach'a estanciaquis ucawa.
M.
nayan
E.
Nayan estanciajjajj, qhaya jach'a estanciaquis ucawa.
M.
marcajjajj, qhaya jisc'a
E.
Nayan marcajjajj, qhaya jisc'a marcaquis ucawa.
M.
juman phujumajj
E.
Juman phujumajj, qhaya jisea phujliquis ucawa.
M.
awichajjan
E.
Awichajjan phujupajj, qhaya jisc'a phujllquis ucawa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan phujusajj qhaya jisc'a phujUquis ucawa.
55
LESSON V
Thatalakiartacarnoiliaysanacami..
Questions and Answers I.
al.
Cawqhas tata Pablon utapajjr?
E.
Qhaya azul utawa.
N.
Cawqhas juman utamajja?
E.
Uca k'ellu utawa.
N.
Cawqhas estanciamajje
E.
Belenawa.
M.
Cawqhas marcamajja?
7.
Achacachiwa.
M.
Cawqhanquis Josean tatapajja?
E.
Yapunquiwa.
I
Cawahanquis mamamajja?
E.
Cocinanquiwa.
M.
Cawqhancasquis khoru anumajja?
E,
Awichajjan utapancasquiwa.
M.
Cawqhancasquis liq'i ovejamajja?
E.
Pampancasquiwa.
Cawqu!ris utamajja?
II.
E.
Qhaya kleilu utawa.
M.
CawquTris Pedron yapapupajje
E.
Qhaya jach'a yapuwa.
M.
CawquYris jiwasan tiasajja?
E.
Qhaya liq'i warmiwa.
M.
CawquTris juman sillamajja?
E.
Uca merkie sillawa.
Positive - Negative
-
Chekanaca - Jan chekanaca
M.
Tata, qhaya thaqui qhurcatancquis, uca choke yapojj juman yapumati?
E.
JMsa, qhaya thaqui qhurcatancquis, uca choke yapojj nayan yapojjawa.
E.
Janiwa, qhaya thaqui qhurcatancquis, uca choke yapojj, janiw nayan
yapojjaqati.
M.
Tata, qhaya jach'a ut uLcatasincquis, uca jisc'a utajj Pedron utapatil
E.
nsa, qhaya jach'a ut uacatasincquis, uca jisc'a utajj, Pedron
utapawa.
E.
Janiwa, qhaya jach'a ut uficatasincquis, uca jisc'a utajj, janiw
Pedron utap4quiti.
95
NOSSTI A - suonsanb puv saamsuv
eApfsod
eApeSeN
gem,
Tang!) vigour
4
6vmv14
Tamp vigour
.a
'eszr Tang!) vigour ejrolgo grreliox geperino ue semedvAo%
'a
'mnuer
lg
'mew
14
ea
'a
.a
.g
rude prodeA uemeTfr LpedndvA
'gni' txngb eitioec Tude 'Crodelt tiering semedndeA
geraftier Ting!) viper rude 'frodeA mfuvr ueppifc .pfnbRdndvA
vzrPoitio Prenoll
uemeoeuno zpedelo4
Tamil) esq3BP ejP0,110 'Cce404 mTuer creprItn3 uv
.pfnbndelo4
eitegb ufmeivo gsfnbEln gcceml uemoT1 Liledeln
vitegb uftrivivo
sTnbpn
'rpm =rpm
semedeln
gemfuer vitvgb ufmeivo sTnbEln grrvon mfuvr uerpop spfnilde2n
4
'etiofrav
-H
'enc. von aRATitio gsfnbRovA
.g
gemfuer von aRATitio sTnIonovA 'pre= mfuvr uvrcevA .pfnbc.deovA
T1
.a
vmeN rpeuravio
gesu Neumeso
.a
gemfuvr Creumvio
lg
'BIB' prelolod vAetib vigour ungletil tflfrin
'3
'gni' rpeloNod v4eqb vitiovr unglegn evraffln
'3
geraTuer Creloxod eAvqb eigoer untilvtlx mfuvr
getiofrav
eon aRATiqo gsfnbEovA
rpm
'ppm
uemexoA IfludvosA
uefrelo4 vravdeovA
eltelp
uvpuep Lpfrin
eAvqb
=pimp .emTpn
uepuap mfuvr spfnbrin
-pfnbc3n
yowl Crevice vAellb vitper uvoavm iflfrin
°H
gent' voen rcegolcv eAvilb vitioer uvoiem .vrafpn
.g
gemfuvr vovA pregoice eketib vigour uvoium afuer .pfnbr3n
lg
rcemn vAetib uviTmer
a
'usu. Cream eAvtib uviTmer .vmfrin
g
preouvi/ uemepuefl tflfrin
'3
6esIr rreilue;1 uvmePuefl emTrin
ancln
rreruvaem ueseStin4 1pfc4n
'3
'esAr preruvieu uesegun4 .vmTrin
4
um:von-Eno uudosTme ccoxuol
.a
'usu. uemeoenno uedo2fmv rfoAuol euriigln
lg
tiempfy tiedemem prepoo
'3
'esicr uewoti
cmcln
Lpfpn
uedemem rrepoo seAffln
57
LESSON V - Questions and Ans,Ters
r.
Ch'okejj Chuquidgun utjiti?
E.
JTsa, ch'okejj Chuquiagun utjiwa.
M.
Coca Colajj Marian jilapan utjiti?
E.
Jisa, Coca Colajj Marian jilapan utjiwa..
M.
Coca Colajj nayan tiendajjanjj utjiti?
E.
JTsa
M.
Qhitins suma ch'ekejj utj i?
E.
Pedron mamapan utji,
EL
Qhitins imchak utajj utji?
E.
Susanari achilapan utji.
M.
Qhitins c'ainajj utji.
E.
Awichajjan utji.
C-tca Colajj nayan tiendajjanjj
utjiwa.
Qhitins suma naranjajj utji?
E.
Josean cullacapan
Cawquins fiestajj utji?
E.
Achacachin utji.
I.
Achacachin fiestajj utjiti?
E.
Jisa, utjiwa.
i.
Cawquins tonkojj utji?
E.
Vallesan utji.
EL
Vallesan tonkojj utjiti?
E.
Asa, utjiwa.
Dialogue - Cuento
Ma voluntaria ma tiendaru sari'
V.
Dios asqui ur churatam, mama.
M.
Jumarus ukhamaraqui, tawako.
V.
JTsa, naya muntu alet t'ant'ampi azucarampi.
Cuns muntati?
4
Waliquiw tawako, acan utjituwa
2
3
suma eant'ampi wali jank'o azucarampi.
5
V.
Ukhama, churitay pheska c'ant'ampi ma libr azucarampi.
T1
Acajj, azucara wali pesadawa t'ant'anacasti wali sumanacawa.
V.
Dios pagaratam, mama.
quiw cutin1.8
Acajj mama kollklwa.
7
6
Ma rat cama, janc'a-
58.
LESSON V - Dialogue
NOTES
1
'A volunteer (fem.) goes to a store.' The suffix -ru 'to' may be
Its use may be motivated by the Spanish verb + preposition:
omitted.
va a; mg 'a, one'; voluntaria (vuluntaria).
2
'Same to you, young girl.
3
'I want to buy bread and sugar.' -mei 'and' must be attached to
both components of the clause (literally 'and bread and sugar').
The subject/object marker may be omitted: naya- nayajj.
4
'Very good, young girl, here I have good bread and very white sugar.'L.
utjafia 'to havet/utii 3rd person singularkaikAlts1st persona sing.
5
'Then give me 5 breads and a pound of sugar: Ouritliv = imperative
'you give me.' zy. is often added to imperatiVe forms: 'then.'
Note that the pluralizing suffix -naca need not be added with numerals.
Libra (liwra) 'pound'.
6
'There you have the sugar well weighed out and the breads are very good!
Pesadawa (pisatawa) from Spanish pesar 'to weigh.'
7
'Thank you, senora.
8
'I'll be seeing you; I'll come back soon.'
Mg rat cams = lit. 'until a moment' (Spanish rato 'while, moment'),
an exact translatioh of Spanish haste luego.
Janc'aquiw = janc'a 'fast, soon' + quiwa 'then.'
Cutia 'I will return;' infinitive cutinina.
What do you want?'
Here is the money.'
LESSON wI - 3olite,air
alma
comprar
to buy
alasifia
comprar para si
to buy oneself
anataia
jugar
to play
awazifia
pastorear
to graze, to pasture
cafe (cawia)
cafe
coffee
carta
carta
letter
catuuia
pescar, agarrar
to fish, take, seize
cawcs
(a) donde
(to) where
isi
ropa, vestido
clothes
jicliha
ahora
now
ksllkaiia
escribir
to write
k' au
suzio:
dirty
lurafia
hater, trabajar
to do, to work
mank'afia
comer
to eat
pelota (piluta)
pelota
ball
pichafia
barrer
to sweep
saraiia
it
to go
t' ajj s ilia! t' aj j sufia
lavar
td Wash
umafia
beber
to drink
visitafia (wisitafia)
vicar
to visit.
walja
mucho
much
waliqui
biers
fine, well
.
60
LESSON VI
Grammar - Suma parlafiataqui
I.
Conjugation of the present durative verb:
'
am
ing,' etc.
(On the function of -wa, -,Zia, c.f. below, Lesson VIII.)
lurascta
lurasctan
lurasipctan
(lurasctwa)
-(wa)
-(wa)
(lurasctjia)
-(jja)
-(jja)
lurasipcta
- (wa)
-(jja)
lurascta
lurasipcta
-(wa)
-(0)
-Wm.)
lurasqui
lurasipgui
-(wa)
-(0)
(lurasquejj a)
Analysis:
(lurasipquejja)
lura- infinitive stem
-sc-
continuous action (singular)
-s..c-
-j-
11
pluralizer
-ta
Endings:
(plural)
-tan
- tan
- ta
-ta
N.B.
-ta
In interrogative statements with a question word ('what, where,
when'...),
the suffix
added to the verb
must receive the
stress; in positive interrogative sentences, the last vowel is always
e.g.
Curs. ungssaligy = Cuns lurascta'._
stressed:
('What are you doing (now, in general)?')
In interrogative statements without a question word, the suffix -ti is
used:
e.g.
___p_AthsaJumanhuchanfeiim?
'Does your daughter drink
coffee?'
61
LESSON VI - Grammar
Ii.
The object of the verb is placed before the verb and loses its final
vowel; foreign words in -ia (e.g. io,lasia 'cly,rch') are e;zempt:
Waykdj yap lurascta.
CunsbmActsiti?
maeea)
'I'm goliT, to t.L.1 village.'(trom
Nayajj mare sarascta.
e.g.
yam)
'I'm working the field.' ( from
'What are you doing?' (from
miles)
Often the object of verbs of motion ma:- either lose Lheir final
N.B.
vowel or take the suffix ru in the meaning of 'to':
e.g. failliiChmuLlEAmmla = Nayaij 'Chuquiagur sarascta
..
'I am going to Li Paz.'
4,t
Nayajj visitiriw Pedron utap s.ee-assAa = Nayaij
utapar(u) sarescta
'I am going to visit Pedro's hmse.'
(cf dialogue notes, Lesson V for discuseirdn of Spanish is
III.
Simultaneous action may be expressed by the.'inc.initive :stemr
(infinitive minus
action' or 'doing
a) plus
in the reanihs 'one who doe.ci the
the action':
awatiila 'to pasture' becomes awatiri 'one. who peStures (shepherd);
e.g.
pasturing
cattirlia 'to fish' becomes caturi 'one who fishes; tishing'
thokofia 'to dance' becomes theteri 'one who dances (dancer),
dancing.'
IV.
Infinitila stems in -a- become
Both -J AE and -wa may be attached. to -ri forms.
Order of clauses in declarative sentences:
churafia 'to givetichil.-..iri
[Subject clause] + [object of -ri, verb] + [main verb clause]
(i)
e.g.
Mama Mariajj awichapan utap
sarasqui."
'Sefiora Maria is going to visit her grandmother's house.
Jupajj pokot alasir jichhaii chaya tiered sarasoui.,
'He is going now to that store to buy bananas.'
(ii)
[Subject clause] + [object of main verb] + [object of -ri verb]
+ [main verb]
e.g.
lamtilmailan utagythawatirlstsanaula.
'I am going to my mother's house to pasture sheep.'
*It is important to differentiate the "infinitive stem" (which always
ends in a vowel) from the term "verb stem" (introduced in later lessons)
which is the infinitive stem minus the final vowel.
.
62
LESSON VI - Grammar
V. Conjunction -mpi7 'and, with' is added to all the components that it
joins: e.g. ayamp jupanacampeii 'I and they' (the -
,suffix is optional)
Mariamp Enriquempejj 'Maria and Enrique'
VI. Cawcs '(to) where': used with verbs of motion. Note assimilation of
consonants (and subsequent loss of aspiration) due to elimination
of final stem vowel (as the object of a verb):
cawqhas becomes *cawqhs becomes cawcs
e.g.Cawcs sarascta? 'Where are you going?'
Cuns, the object of a verb, is a contraction of cunas.
e.g. Cuns lurascta? 'What are you doing?'
(In the negative, cuns has the meaning of 'anything, nothing':
Nayajj janiw cuns lurcti 'I am not doing anything?')
VII. Alafia / alasifia. The infix -si- (precedes the infinitive ending)
introduces the meaning of reflexive or reciprocal action:
e.g. 'Nrlafia 'to talk'/ parlasifia 'to converse (with one another)'
larekafia 'to wash'/ iarekasifia 'to wash oneself'
apafia 'to carry'/ apasifia 'to carry for oneself'
alafia 'to buy'/ alasifia 'to buy (for) oneself'
VIII. The following table illustrates the interrelationships of aspect and
tense in the Aymara verb system; each box represents a single verb form:
positive/ negative
ASPECT
TENSE
present
past
punctual
present
durative
e.g. 'I go (now); I don't go(now)''
'I went (then); I didn't go then'
'I am going (in general); I am
not going (in general)'*
imperfect
**
'I was going, used to go; I wasn't
going, didn't used to go'
pluperfect
**
'I had gone; I hadn't gone'
future
**
'I will go; I won't go'
* For most speakers, apparently, a durative negative form
does not exist; instead,the punctual negative form is
used for both aspects. Cf. below, lesson VIII.
** Aspect is irrelevant for these forms.
All 22sitilleverb forms may be suffixed by -wa and 7iia. (-wa as a
predicate marker attached to non-verbs is obligatory: e.g. tawakowa
is the only way of expressing 'is a girl'.) It is by no means clear
from published grammars or from the limited field work what the precise
functions of those suffixes are. The suffixes appear to be modal in part:
63
LESSON VI - Grammar
-.al may introduce an element of doubt, possibility or anticipation but the action is yet to be completed; on the ether hand -wa may
introduce the element of certainty or firmness.
The following future
tense and punctual forms may serve as illustrations, but the characterizations must remain tentative:
sara 'I will go'
sarawa 'I am to go' (i.e. 'I must, should go')
sarajia 'I will be going'
In the punctual verb, we suspect the following meanings:
sarta
come; came'
sartwa 'I came, have come' (possibly with emphasis on the
completion of the action in the.past).
However,
where an adverb of time past is present, -wa can
be omitted.
sartlia 'I come, I came' (in the context. of 'if, were I to come')
64
LESSON VI
Substitution Drill- Wasa arunac uscuiia
M.
Nayajj yap lurascta.
E.
Nayajj yap lurascta.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj yap lurasqui.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj yap lurasctan.
M.
mare sarasctan
E.
Jiwasajj marc sarasctan.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj marc sarasctajja.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj marc sarasipctan.
M.
is eajjsisipctan
E.
Jiwasanacajj is t'ajjsisipctan.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj is t'ajjsisipqui.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj is t'ajjsisipcta.
M.
kawr awatisipcta
E.
Nanacajj kawr awatisipcta.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj kawr awatiscta.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj kawr awatisipqui.
N.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj kawr awatisipctajja.
N.
aych mank'asipctajja
E.
Jumanacaii avch mnnktPqi.net.^44.,
65
LESSON VI - Substitution Drill
M.
Jumajj jach'a mes lurasctajja.
E.
Jumajj jach a mes lurasctajja.
N.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj jach'a mes lurascta.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj jach'a mes ].urasctan.
M.
walja chawll catusctan
E.
Jiwasajj waija chawll catusctan.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj waija chawll catusipctajja.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj walja chawll catusipctan..
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj waija chawll catusipcta.
M.
ch'ok alasipcta
E.
Nanacajj waija ch'ok alasipcta.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj waija ch'ok alasipqui.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj waija ch'ok alascta.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj waija ch'ok alasctan.
M.
qhaya khath sarasctan
E.
Jiwasajj qhaya khath sarasctan.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj qhaya khath sarasipcta.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj qhaya khath sarasctajja.
66
--
LESSON IV - Substitution Drill
1
*N.B.
.
M.
Jichhajj nayajj mamajjan isip t'ajjsiscta.*
E.
Jichhajj nayajj mamajjan isip eajjsiscta.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jichhajj jiwasajj mamasan isip t'ajjsisctan.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jichhajj jumajj mamaman isip eajjsisctajja.
M.
jilaman k'afiu utap pichasctajja
E.
Jichhajj jumajj jilaman
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jichhajj jiwasanacajj jilasan k'afiu utap pichasipctan.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jichhajj jupajj jilapan leanu utap pichasqui.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jichhajj jumanacajj jilaman leaau utap pichasipctajja.
M.
achilaman jach'a yapup lurasipctajja
E.
Jichhajj jumanacajj achilaman jach'a yapup lurasipctajja.
M.
nanacajj
utap pichasctajja.
For drill purposes, change the possessive pronoun to agree with
the pronominal subject of the sentence.
The grammar of the language
does not require that the possessive pronoun be in person agreement with
the
e.g.
subject of the sentence:
Jumajj mama: en-isip Cajjsisctr.
Jumajj manajjan.isip t'ajjsiscta.
'You are cleaning your
mother's clothes.'
'You are cleaning my mother's
clothes.'
67
Substitution Drill
LESSON VI
E.
Jichhajj nanacajj achilajjan jach'a yapup lurasipcta.
M.
nayajj
E.
Jichhajj nayajj eghilajjan jach'a yapup lurascta.
N.
jiwasajj
E.
Jichhajj jiwasajj achilasan jach'a yapup lucasctan.
M.
amigosan marcap sarasctan
E.
Jichhajj jiwasajj amigosan marcap sarasctan.
M.
tata Pedron
E.
Jichhajj jawasajj tata Pedron marcap sarasctan.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jichhajj jumattata Pedron marcap sarasctajja.
.
t
n.
Jichhajj nayajj jilajjan utap pichiriw sarascta.
E.
Jichhajj nayajj jilajjan dtap pichiriw sarescta:
M.
tata Joseajj
E.
Jichhajj tata Joseajj jilapan utap pichir sarasqui.
N.
jumamp nayampejj
E.
Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj jilasan utap
ichiriw sarasctan.
tatasan yapup luriiiw
E.
Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj tatasan yapup luririw sarasctan.
M.
.jumajj
E.
Jichhajj jumajj tataman yapup luririw sarasctajja.
M.
nayamp jumanacampejj
E.
Jichhajj nayamp jumanacampejj tatasan yapup luririw sarasipctan.
r.
nayamp warmejjampejj
E.
Jichhajj nayamp waxmejjampejj tatajjan yapup luririw sarasipcta.
N.
jumamp yokamampejj
68
LESSON VI - Substitution Drill
E.
Jichhajj jumamp yokamampejj tataman yapup luririw sarasipctajja.
tata Joseamp warmipampejj
E.
Jichhajj tata Joseamp warmipampejj tatapan yapup luririw sarasipqui.
M.
nayajj
E.
Jichhajj nayajj tatajjan yapup luririw sarascta.
M.
pelot anatiriw
E.
Jichhajj nayajj pelot anatiriw sarascta.
N.
tiojjamp nayampejj
E.
Jichhajj tiojjamp nayampejj pelot anatiriw
M.
jumamp tatamampejj
E.
Jichhajj jumamp tatamampejj pelot anatiriw sarasipctajja.
M.
jumamp nayampejj
E.
Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj pelot anatiriw sarasctan.
Completion drill - Arunac phokachafia
lurascta
(lurea) ?
1.
Tata, cuns jumajj
2.
Tata, cuns jupajj
3.
Tata cuns jiwasajj
4.
Tatanaca, cuns jiwasanacajj
5.
Tatanaca, cuns nanacajj
6.
Tatanaca, cuns jumanacajj
7.
Tata, cuns jupanacajj
1.
Mama, cawcs jumajj
2.
Mama, cawcs jupajj
(sarea)?
sarasqui
3.
Mama, cawcs jiwasajj
(sarafia)?
sarasctan
lurasqui
(lurafia)?
lurasctan
(lurafia)?
_.(luraiia)?
(lurafia)?
(lurafia)?
(lurafia)?
(sarana)?
lurasipctan
lurasipcta
lurasipcta
lurasipqui
sarascta
69
LESSON VI - Completion drill
4.
Mamanaca, cawcs jiwasanacaji
(saran a)
sarasipctan
5.
Mamanaca, cawcs nanacajj
(sarefia)?
sarasipcta
6.
Mamanaca, cawcs jumanacajj
7.
Mama, cawcs jupanacajj
1.
Lulu, cuns jumajj'
2.
Lulu, cuns tatamajj
3.
Lulu, cuns jumamp nayampejj
4.
Awicha, cuns nayamp jupanacampejj
5.
Awicha, cuns nayamp jilajjampejj
6.
Tawako, cuns jumamp tatamampejj
(umaaa) ?
umasipcta
7.
Tawako, cuns Pablomp Davidampejj
(awatiaa)?
awatisiplui
Nayajj yap
2.
Jiwasajj yap
3.
Jumajj yap
4. .Jupajj yap
5.
Jiwasanacajj yap
6.
Nanacajj yap
7.
'Jumanacajj yap
8.
Jupanacajj yap
1.
Mama, hayajj khath
2.
Mama, jiwasajj aych
3.
Mama, jumajj marc
4.
Mama, jupajj cervez
5.
Tata, jiwasanacajj ut
sarasipcta
(sarafia)?
sarasipcp
(sarafia)?
MIMMIOMOYMIN.O.V.,
mank'asctz
(mank'ai,a)?
(alasii:a)?
alasisqui
mankiasccar
(manktafia)
(t'ajjsiiia)ft'ajjsisipcm.
lurasipcta
(luraiia)?
lw:aszta
(lurafia)
luraactan
.(lurefia).
Iukascta
(lurafia),
(lurai:a).
.
(lurafie)
lurasipctan
lurasipcta
(lurafia.).
(lurafia),
lurasipcta
lUrasipqui
(luraqa.):
(saraaa)
lurasqui
.
(mank'ai,a).
(saraaa).
(umafia).
(pichafia).
sarascta
mank'ascten
sarascta
umasqui
pichasipctan
70
LESSON VI - Completion drill
kellkasipcta
6.
Tata, nanacajj cart
7.
Tata, jumanacalj caf6
8.
Tata, jupanacajj kawr
1.
Mama, nayajj tiojjan utap
2.
Mama, jumamp nayampejj awichasan t'ant'ap
umasipcta
(umefia);
awatisipqui
(awatifia).
sarascta
(sarana).
mank'asctan
(mank'afia)
3.
Mama, jumajj awichasan tiendap
4.
Mama, tata Andresajj chawll
5.
Tatanaca, nayamp jumanacampejj qhaya jisc'a
marc
(sarafia)
(pichafia).
(catuida).
pichascta
catusqui
.
sarasipctan
.
(awatifia). awatisipcta
6.
Tata, nayamp warmejjampejj vac
7.
Tata, jumamp warmimampejj yap
8.
Tata, Mariamp Elenampejj is
1.
Jichhajj nayajj cart
2.
Jichhajj jiwasajj kot
3.
Jichhajj jumajj aych
4.
Jichhajj jupajj tatapan utap visitiriw
(luraha).
(t'ajjsifia).
lurasipcta
t'ajjsisikui
kellkascta
(kellkafia).
sarasctan
(saraibi.a).
mank'ascta
(mank'aia).
Net
(saraha)
sarasqui
.
5.
Jichhajj jiwasanacajj anatiriw
(sarara).
sarasipctan
6.
Jichhajj nanacajj ovej awatiriw
(sarara).
sarasipcta
7.
Jichhajj jumanacajj tataman yapup
8.
Jichhajj jupanacajj tiopan isip*
1.. Nayajj t' ant' alasiriw jichhajj marc
(luraba).
(t'ajjsifia)
lurasipcta.
t'ajjsisipqui
(sarana) .sarascta
2.
Jiwasajj chawll caturiw jichhajj kot
(satana).
sarasctan
3.
Jumajj mamaman utap pichiriw jichhajj
(sarana).
sarascta
71
LESSON VI.- Completion drill
4.
Jupajj pokot alasiriw jichbajj qhaya tiend
(sarela).
5.
Jiwasanacajj amigosan isip t ajjsiriw jichhajj
(sara'.a)
6.
sarasipcta
.
Jumanacajj awichaman tiendap aych alasirfw
jichhajj
8.
sarasipctan
.
Nanacajj tatajjan kawrap awatiriw jichhajj koll
(sarana)
7.
sarasipcta
(sarafia).
Jupanacajj tiapan vacap awatiriw jichhajj qhaya.
koll
strasipqui
(sarana).
(t'ajjsibe). t'ajjsiscta
1.
Jichhajj nayajj tata Davidan isip
2.
Jichhajj jumajj warmiman vacap
3.
Jichhajj jumamp'nayampejj amigosan vacap
(awatiria).
(elasiAa).
4.
kellkasipctan
.awatisipcta
Jichhajj jumamp phuchamampejj walja is
(t'ajjsina).
8.
lurasqul
Jichhajj nayamp warmejjampejj walja kawr
(awatifia).
7.
alasisctan
Jichhajj nayamp jumanacampejj walja cart
(kellkeha)
6.
awatiscta
Jichhajj tata Joseajj yokapan jach'a yapup
(lurafta)
5.
sarasqui
t'ajjsisi.pcta
Jichhajj Pablomp, Pedromp, Joseampajj walja t' ant'
(alasifia).
alasipqui
72
LESSON VI
Questions and Answers I.
saanacampi
N.
Juman wawamajj t'ant' mank'asquiti?
E.
Jisa, nayan wawajjajj t'ant' mank'asquiwa.
M.
Mama, juman phuchamajj cafe umasquiti?
E.
Jisa, nayan phuchajjajj cafe umasquiwa.
M.
Mama, jichhajj jilamajj aych alasisquiti?
E.
Jisa, jichhajj jilajjajj aych alasisquiwa.
M.
Lulu, jumamp jisc'a jilamampejj t'ant' mank'asipctajja?
E.
Jisa, nayamp jisc'a jilajjampejj t'ant' mank'asipcta.
M.
Awicha, jilamajj cafe umasquiti
E.
Jisa, umasquiwa.
M.
Lulu, mamamajj aych mank'asquiti?
E.
Jisa, mank'asquiwa.
M.
Jiwasan wawasajj t'ant' mank'asquiti?
E.
Jisa, mank'asquiwa.
Carlosajj qhaya jachva jawir sarasquiti?
II.
E.
Jisa, sarasquiwa.
M.
Jumajj oke kawr awatisctati?
E.
Jisa, oke kawr awatiscta.
M.
Tata, cawcs mama Mariajj sarasqui?
E.
Mama Mariajj awichapan utap visitiriw sarasqui.
N.
Tata, cuns yokamajj lurasqui?
E.
Yokajjajj tiopan yapup lurasqui.
M.
Lulu, cuns jumamp jisc'a jilamampejj mank'asipctajja?
E.
Hayamp jisc'a jilajjampejj suma t'ant' mank'asipcta.
M.
Lulu, cuns tatamajj lurasqui?
E.
Tatajjajj chawll catusqui.
M.
Cawcs Joseamp Davidampejj sarasipqui?
E.
Joseamp Davidampejj is t'ajjsiriw jawir sarasipqui.
M.
Mama, cawcs chachamajj sarasqui?
E.
Chachajjajj tatapan utap pichiriw sarasqui.
M.
Mama, cuns tata Davidan cuilacapajj jichhajj lurasqui?
E.
Tata Davidan cullacapajj jichhajj kawr awatisqui.
73
LESSON VI
Dialogue - Cuento
Joseampi Mariampi
1
Jose:
Buenos dias, mama Marla!
Buenos dias, tata Jose!
Maria:
Jose:
Cawcs sarasct mama Maria?
Nayajj mamajjan utap ovej awatiriw sarasct, tata JOse.
Maria:
Jose:
Mamaman ovejapajj waljati?
JYs tata Jose, waljawa.
Maria:
Jose:
Waliquiw, waliquiw mara Maria.
.
Jumasti tata Jose, cawcs sarasctajja?
Maria:
Jose:
Nayajj chawil caturiw kot sarascta.
Ualiauiw, waliquiw tata Josen
Maria:
NOTES
1
Buenos dies (winus tias)
f
cf. Spanish imenos dtas.
74
LESSON VII - Pakailkor lecciona
aljada
vender
to sell
asquichana
arreglar
to arrange
churalia (ru]
dar
to give
chsucela
coser
to sew
jaqhufia
contar
to count
jariiia
lavar, banar
to bathe, to wash
khech'aiia
regar
to irrigate
mank'a
comida
food
munafia
desir
want
parla:ta (from Spanish
parlay 'to
chatter')
sabado (sawaru)
samarada
hablar
to talk
sabado
descansar
Saturday
to rest
thokoLA
bailar
to dance
uywa
animales domesticos
domestic animals
uywa mank'a
comida de animales
animal
yatekada
aprender
to learn
yanapada (ru]
ayudar
to help
food
Grammar - smaptallattoli
I.
Punctual aspect emphasizes a point in time which can be both in the
present or past tense:
e.g.
sarta
sartwa
sartjja
sartan
-wa
sarta
-wa
sari
-wa
-jja
'I go; I went.'
saraRiiIALL
-wa
snrapjito
sarapiitva
sarapijtjig
narapjjta
-wa
-jja
sarapjje
-wa
75
LESSON VII - Grammar
On differences between free forms and forms with -wa and 7,
cf. grammar, Lesson VI.
N.B.
The particles -wa and -jia may be attached. to the object of the
verb instead of the verb.
involved.
e.g.
It is not clear what change in meaning is
Cf. also grammar, Lesson I.
Navajj Davidan phuchampeij thokoL munta.
'I want, to dance with
David's daughter.'
'I want to dance with
my friend's daughter.'
-wa may be affixed to a verb form in -ri or to the object of such a verb:
ys22aLpagNealnlumaine'famiosanaywanacaper mank' chuririw
ilitaiLmummjilm. 'You and I want to come to feed our friend's
'domestic animals.'
!
Jtipanicajj'iata AndreSan.caballoparuw Mankt:churir _;uta mullmiie.
'They want to come to feed senor Andres' horses.'
Cne informant seems to differentiate the 1st and 2nd person singular
form by means of
jumojj sarta4ja
II.
The verb munafia 'to want' may govern as its object a noun ?hrase
(e.g. cervez munta 'I want beer') or a verb phrase introduced by an
infinitive (e.g. yanapaii munta 'I want to help').
If the object of
the infinitive, in turn, is a verb phrase, a second infinitive may follow:
e.g.
Infinitive + Infinitive + Verb
Nuelimplaammiat'ajjsia yanpaLl munta.
'I want to help my
mother to clean clothes.'
Jiwasanacajj tata Pabloruw mes luraiLyanauLlameniitan.
'We want to help sefior Pablo construct a table.'
If the direct object of an infinitive of a verb of motion (e.g. sarafia
'to go') is a verb phrase,a form in -ri is required:
-ri verb + Infinitive + Verb.
e.g.
anasaij tioman yokapampiw chawll catur saran. munapjjta.
'We want to go with your uncle's boy to catch fish.'
(i.e., 'catching fish' - an action simultaneous with that of
the main verb.)
Jupanacajj mama Margaritampiw Pedron uta
visitir saran: munapije.
'They want to go with se ora Margarita to visit Pedro's house.'
76
LESSON VII - Grammar
III.
Some verbs require the affixation of -ru to the object they govern;
the Spanish equivalent is frequently a.
e.g.
Wall221111_iwnIank'churaiLmunta.
(Sp. dar comida a)
'I want to give food to the chickens.'
Egyaidmamadjaruw is t'aiisui. vanaoaii munta.-(Sp. ayudar a)
'I want to help my mother to wash clothes.'
Verbs which must govern ru are marked in the vocabulary by [ru].
Verbs which can govern ru but need not are marked by [itu].
In such
optional cases, we suspect that the use of ru is influenced by the
Spanish model.
Cf, earlier reference to ru in grammar, LesJon VI.
The indirect object with --ru- usually precedes the direct object.
77
LESSON VII
M.
Nayajj khath saran munta.
E.
Nayajj khath saran munta.
M.
marc jutafi
E.
Nayajj marc jute' munta.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj marc jutafi muni.
M.
ovej awatifi
E.
Jupajj ovej awatiti muni.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jupajj ovej awatifi muntajja.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj ovej awatifi muntan.
N.
chawil catufi
E.
Jiwasajj chawil catufi muntan.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj chawil catufi munapjjta.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj chawli catufi munapjjtajja.
M.
pelot anatafi
E.
Jumanacajj pelot anatafi munapjjtajja.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj pelot anatafi munapjj tan.
M.
nayajj
.
E.
Nayajj pelot anatafi munta.
N.
aymar yatekafi
E.
Nayajj aymar yatekafi munta.
M.
jupajj.
E.
Jupajj aymar yatekafi muni.
.. .
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78
LESSON VII - Substitution drill
M.
Tata Davidajj thokoR muni.
E.
Tata Davidajj thokof? muni.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj thokon muntan.
M.
cafe uman
E.
Jiwasajj cafe uman muntan.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj cafe uman munapjjta.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj cafe uman muntajja.
M.
kot saran
E.
Jumajj kot saran muntajja.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E. 'Jiwasanacajj kot saran munapjjtan.
M.
yap khech'afi
E.
Jiwasanacajj yap khech'an munapjjtan.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj yap khech'afi-munapjje.
M.
aymar yatekan
E.
Jupanacajj aymar yatekaii munapjje.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj aymar yatekafi munta.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj aymar yateke muni.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj aymar yatekan munapjjtajja.
M.
cart kellkan
E.
Jumanacajj cart kellkafi munapjjtajja.
79
M.
Joseajj jilapan.utap yap luririw saran muni.
E.
Joseajj jilapan utap yap luririw saran muni.
N.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj jilaman utap yap luririw sare muntajja.
M.
jutan
E.
Jumajj jilaman utap yap luririw jutan muntajja.
N.
kawr awatiriw
E.
Jumajj jilaman utap kawr awatiriw jutal. muntajja.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj jilasan utap kawr awatiriw jutaf. tuntan.
M.
caballopar manktchuran
E.
Jiwasajj jilasan caballopar mank' churafi muntan.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj jilajjan caballopar mank' churan munapjjta.
N.
yokajjan wallpapar
E.
Nanacajj yokajjamwallpapar mank'
M.
wawapar t'ant'
E.
Nanacajj yokajjan wawapar t' ant' churau munapjjta.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj yokasan wawapar t'ant' churan munapjjtan.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj yokaman wawapar t'ant' churan munapjjtajja.
M.
chawll catet yanapan
E.
Jumanacajj yokasan wawapar chawll catun yanapai munapjjtajja.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj yokajjan wawapar chawll catuii yanapaf munta.
M.
amigojjan phuchapar
E.
Nayajj amigojjan phuchapar chawll.catua yanapaa munta.
munapjjta.
80
N.
Nayajj cullacajjar yanapiriw arumanthejj marc jutaii munta.
E.
Nayajj cullacajjar yanapiriw arumanthejj marc jutan munta.
M.
tatamajj
E.
Tatamajj cullacapar yanapiriw arumanthejj marc jutafi muni.
EL
ques aljiriw
E.
Tatamajj ques aljiriw arumanthejj marc jute muni.
M.
jumamp nayampejj
E.
Jumamp nayampejj ques aljiriw arumanthejj marc
M.
khath saran
E.
Jumamp nayampejj ques aljiriw arumanthejj khath saran muntan.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj ques aljiriw arumanthejj khath saran muntajja.
EL
is t'ajjsiriw jawir
E.
Jumajj is t'ajjsiriw arumanthejj jawir sarel muntajja.
EL
jutir semanajj Andresan caballoparuw mank'churir
E.
Jumajj jutir semanajj Andresan caballoparuw mank'churir sarai) muntajja.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj jutir semanajj tata Andresan caballoparuw mank' churir
muntan.
1
saran munapj j tan.
M.
nanacajj khartirojj
E.
Nanacajj kharlirojj tata Andresan caballoparuw mank'churir saran
munapjjta.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj kharlirojj tata Andresan caballoparuw mank' churir saran
munapjje.
EL
um churir jute
E.
Jupanacajj kharilrojj tata Andresan caballoparuw um churir jutaF
munapjje.
M.
jumanacajj arumanthejj mamajjan waneuparuw
E.
Jumanacajj arumanthejj mamajjan waneuparuw um churir jute
munapjjtajja.
M.
Joseajj
E.
Joseajj arumanthejj mamajjan waneuparuw um churir jute muni.
31
LESSON VII
Completion drill - Arunac phokachata
Replace the pronoun and verb form for all persons: repeat with different
infinitive constructions
Navaii marc saran munta.
chawll caturi
yap luraft
ut pichafi
cart kellkan
pelot anataii
is ch'ucuh
samara&
visitan
aymar yatekah
chawll jaqhuh
cervez uman
OS
Questions and Answers - Alect'eanacampi law saanzcampi
muntati?
M.
Jumajj marc
E.
Jis tata, nayajj marc saran muntwa.
U.
Pedrojj Chuquiag
E.
Jis tata, jupajj saran muniwa.
muniti?
churai munapjjtati?
Jumamp cullacamampejj uywanacar
E.
JTs tata, nayamp cullacajjampejj uywanacar mank' chura,_ munapjjtwa.
M.
Pablomp tatapampejj uyw awati: munapjjeti?
E.
Jis tata, jupanacajj uyw awatifi munapjjewa.
N.
Jumajj Davidan phuchapampejj thokoii muntati?
E.
Jis tata, nayajj Davidan phuchapampejj thokoii muntwa.
M.
Nayajj jutir sabadojj khath jutati?
E.
Jis tata, jumajj jutir sabadojj khath jutgtawa.
Jupajj cart kellke muniti?
E.
Jis tata, jupajj cart kellkati muniwa.
N.
Jumajj qhaya jachia k'a-au ut
muntati?
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mTaTaTsTA .u33np
sem=
vArmnbaletibno
83
LESSON VIII - Dialogue
V.
Nayajj Cuerpo de Pazanquir!tuwa,8 nayew yanapail munta.
J.
Dios pagarWtam, Mama; yanapitay.
V.
11
juma uju:ataqui lac llupha:.amawa
nayajj jutta, ullaCama
Khariiroj j
14
kharurcama.
Wali suma koilanak churHma,
J.
Khartircamay,
9
12
10
9
.
mama.
.11
NOTES
1
'They inform me':
2
'Is that true?'
3
'I am sick':
avisaaa [ru].
usuttGa:
nayajj usuttwa
1131Mijust....awa
lupajj usutawa, etc.
4
'very'
5
'I have a cough':
6
'temperature' (calintura)
7
'I am also very thin':
uiula 'to cough', uju 'cough'
u'unia 'to have a cough' (-niindicates possession)
fugha 'thin'
eughea 'be thin'
-raqui- 'also'
eughat(u)wa
'I am thin'
hara uit(u)wa
'I am also thin'
8
'I am from the Peace Corps' (Curnu di Paz):
(cf, Lesson IV on -nca,a/-ncasca:.a)
added to verb stem (verb-otem is Tokmed by lengthening
of the vowel ) 'frare.
-(a n- location suffix
relative pronoun 'which, who' (cf. also Lesson VI)
-c( q)
-irM-
e.g.
cawquirouirYsa?
'Where is he from?'
'Where are you from?'
canaLasuirltlAW
Iluaritrit(ti)wa
9
'Them help me.'
'I am from Huarina.'
= 'then'
.
10
'Tomorrow'
11
'In the meantime'
12
'Cover your mouth to cough.'
laca
.
'mouth
Rjul 'to cough' + taqui 'for the
purpose of
taqui may be attached to infinitives,
nouns and pronouns
to cover'
'
13
'I will give you very good medicines.'
14
'Until tomorrow'
-cama
kolla 'medicine.'
'until'
84
LESSON VIII - Quimsakallkor lecciona
According to Rudimentos de gramgtica aymara (published by the Canadian
Baptist Mission, La Paz) there is no durative negative form (cf p. 50);
Nor is there discussion
the punctual negative form must be used instead.
of this form in Juan Enrique Ebbing's Gramgtica y diccionario aimara
(La Paz 1965).
However, durative negative forms have been consistently
elicited from Sra. de Vega.
TTe have found no examples in the
material gathered from Sr. Quispe.
It is our tentative hypothesis that the construction
may be an innovation in the speech of bilinguals patterned on Spanish
positive and negative present progressive forms:
'I am working'
e.g. esay trabajando
noassoLlsabsigek 'I am not working'
The forms recorded from Sra. de Vega are the following:
sarafia
'aniw sarascti
janiw sarasctanti
janiw sarasipstaati
janiw sarasiocti
'I am/was not going'
arasi ctati
janiw sarasctati
janiw
janiw sarasquiti
janiw :arasipquiti
The durative interrogative negative is formed by attaching the
interrogative marker -1i to the negative jani together with the
positive verb forms:
(nayajj) janit sarascta?
'Am/was I not going?'
(jumaji) janit sarascta?
(upajj) janit sarasqui, etc.
Jisceafianacampi iyaw sailanacampi
Negative - Jan chekanaca
Durative verb forms.
N.B.
Where -jjg is added to the verb in interrogative sentences intro-
duced by a question word, it receives the stress.
sentences
e.g.
In interrogative
lacking a question word, the suffix -tf is used:
Tata, cuns lurasctajjg9 'Seror, what are you doing?'
'Honey (little girl), is your
tatamajj yap
father working the field?'
85
LESSON VIII - Questions and Answers
Negative
Tata, cuns lurasctajW
E.
Nayajj janiw cuns lurascti.
M.
Juman wawamajj t'ant' mank'asquiti ?.
E.
Janiwa, nayan wawajjajj janiw t' ant' mank'asquiti.
N.
Tata, cawcs tata Felipejj sarasqui?
E.
Tata Felipejj janiw cawcs sarasquiti, jupajj utapancasquiwa.
;1.
Tata, carats mama Ilariajj sarasqui?
E.
Mama Mariajj janiw cawcs sarasquiti, jupajj khathuncasquiwa.
M.
Tata, cuns yokamajj lurasqui7
E.
Yokajjajj janiw cuns lurasquiti, jupajj wali jayrawa.
M.
Lulu, cuns jumamp jise'a jilamampejj mank'asipetajja?
E.
Nayamp jisc'a jilajjampejj janiw cuns mank'asipcti.
M.
Lulu, tacamajj yap lurasquiti?
E.
Janiwa, tatajjajj janiw yap lurasquiti.
M.
Joseamp Davidampejj chawll catusipat4ti?
R.
Janiwa, Joseamp Davidampejj janiw chawll catusipquiti.
M.
Jumamp cullacamampejj jichhajj is t'ajjsusipctati':
E.
Janiwa, nayamp cullacajjampejj.janiv jichhajj is eajjsusipctati.
M.
Jumajj jichhajj pelot anatasctati?
E.
Janiwa, nayajj jichhajj janiw pelot anatasctati.
M.
Juman mamamajj chiok alasisquiti?
E.
Janiwa, nayan mamajjajj janiw dEt'oh alasisquiti.
Chachamajj escuel pichir sarasquiti?
E.
Janiwa, chachajjajj janiw escuel pichir sarasquiti.
M.
Jumamp yokamampejj cafe umasipctati?
E.
Janiwa, nayamp yokajjampejj janiw cafe umasipcti.
86
LESSON IX - Llatunquir lecciona
Punctual negative :
'I do not
,
I did not
saraa
sarcti
sarapctanti
sarctanti
sarapcti
sarctati
sarapctati
sarapquiti
Analysis:
sar- verb' stem*
-c...ti
discontinuous negative infix
pluralizer
Endings for the punctual negative:
1
no ending
-tan
-tan
no ending
2
-ta
3
-i
-ta
In negative constructions, the particles -wa/-iia are not used.
In punctual interrogative negative sentences, the interrogative
suffix -ti is affixed to negative jani.
The verb form is identical
to the declarative negative form but lacks the final negative -ti.
In the 1st person singular and plural-ta replaces -ti:
e.g.
Nayajj janit sarcta?
'Do I not go; did I not go?'
'Do you not go; did you not go?'
JupalLiajLaitsari?
'Does he not go; did he not go?'
* The verb stem is the infinitive stem minus the final vowel.
LESSON IX
Substitution Drill - Uasa arunac uscua
Nayajj janiw yap lurcti.
L.
Nayajj janiw yap lurcti.
N.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj janiw yap lurquiti.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj janiw yap lurctanti.
marc sarctanti
L.
Jiwasajj janiw marc sarctanti.
M.
jumajj
F.
Jumajj janiw marc sarctati.
h.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj janiw marc sarapctanti.
M.
is t'ajjsipctanti
L.
Jiwasanacajj janiw is t'ajjsipctanti.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj janiw is t'ajjsipquiti.
E.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj janiw is t'ajjsipcti.
M.
kawr awatipcti
E.
Nanacajj janiw kawr awatipcti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj janiw kawr awatcti.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj janiw kawr awatipquiti.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj janiw kawr awatipctati.
M.
aych mank'apctati
E.
Jumanacajj janiw aych mank'apctati.
88
LESSCN IX - Substitution drill
M.
Jumajj janiw jach'a mes lurctati.
E.
Jumajj janiw jach'a mes lurctati.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj janiw jach'a mes lurcti.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj janiw jach'a mes lurctanti.
M.
walja chawll catctanti
E.
Jiwasajj janiw walja chawll catctanti.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj janiw walja chawll catupctati.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj janiw walja chawll catupctanti.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj janiw walja chawll catupcti.
M.
ch'ok alasipcti
E.
Nanacajj janiw walja ch'ok alasipcti.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj janiw walja ch'ok alasipquiti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj janiw walja ch'ok alascti.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj janiw walja ch'ok alasctanti.
M.
qhaya khath sarctanti
E.
Jiwasajj janiw qhaya khath sarctanti.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj janiw qhaya khath sarapcti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj janiw qhaya khath sarctati.
LESSON IX - Substitution drill
M.
Jichhajj nayajj janiw mamajjan isip t'ajjscti.
E.
Jichhajj nayajj janiw mamajjan isip t'ajjscti.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jichhajj jiwasajj janiw mamasan isip eajjsctanti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jichhajj jumajj janiw mamanan isip t'ajjsctati.
M.
jilaman
E.
Jichhajj jumajj janiw jilaman k'a ?iu utap pichctati.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jichhajj jiwasanacajj janiw jilasan
M.
jupajj
E.
Jichhajj jupajj janiw jilapan
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jichhajj jumanacajj janiw jilaman L'aau utap pichapctati.
M.
achilaman jach'a yapup lurapctati
E.
Jichhajj jumanacajj janiw achilaman jach'a yapup lurapctati.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Jichhajj nanacajj janiw achilajjan jach'a yapup lutapcti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Jichhajj nayajj janiw achilajjan jach'a yapup lurcti.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jichhajj jiwasajj janiw achilaman jach'a yapup lurctanti.
M.
amigosan marcap sarctanti
E.
Jichhajj jiwasajj janiw amigosan marcap sarctanti.
M.
tata Pedron
E.
Jichhajj jiwasajj janiw tata Pedron marcap sarctanti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jichhajj juu ajj janiw tata Pedron marcap sarctati.
utap pichctati
utap pichapctanti.
utap pichquiti.
90
LESSON IX - Substitution Drill
M.
Jichhajj nayajj janiw jilajjan utap pichir sarcti.
E.
Jichhajj nayajj janiw jilajjan utap pichir sarcti.
M.
tata Joseajj
E.
Jichhajj tata Joseajj janiw jilapan utap pichir sarquiti.
M.
jumamp nayampejj
E.
Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj janiw jilasan utap pichir sarctanti.
M.
tatasan yapup lurir
E.
Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj janiw tatasan yapup lurir sarctanti.
jumajj
E.
Jichhajj jumajj janiw tataman yapup lurir sarctati.
M.
E.
Jichhajj nayamp jumanacampejj janiw tatasan yapup lurir sarapctanti.
M.
nayamp warmejjampejj
E.
Jichhajj nayamp warmejjampejj janiw tatajjan yapup lurir sarapcti.
M.
jumamp yokamampejj
E.
Jichhajj jumamp yokamampejj janiw tataman yapup lurir sarapctati.
M.
tata Joseamp warmipampejj
E.
Jichhajj tata Joseamp warmipampejj janiw tatapan yapup lurir
sarapquiti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Jichhajj rayajj janiw tatajjan yapup lurir sarcti.
M.
Pedron can..,ap pelot anatir
E.
Jichhajj nayajj janiw Pedron canchap pelot anatir sarcti.
M.
tiojj amp nayampejj
E.
Jichhajj tiojjamp nayampejj janiw Pedron canchap pelot anatir
sarapcti.
M.
jumamp tatamampejj
E.
Jichhajj jumamp tatamampejj janiw Pedron canchap pelot anatir
sarapctati.
M.
jumamp nayampejj
E.
Jichhajj jumamp nayampejj janiw Pedron canchap pelot anatir
sarctanti.
01.
LESSON IX
Completion Drill - Arunac phokacha:la
Give the verb
subjects and iumamp
form corresponding to each of the C pronominal
navampejj, nayamp warmejjampeji, nayamp jumanacampea.
Nama, nayajj janiw yap lurcti.
jumajj
etc.
Mama, nayajj janiw Ehath'sarcti.
Mama, nayajj janiw aych mank'cti.
Tata, nayajj janiw cervez umcti.
Tata, nayajj janiw ut pichcti.
Tata, nayajj janiw careksllkcti.
Tawako, nayajj janiw kair awatipcti.
Tawako, nayajj janiw .awichajjan tiendap pichcti.
Lulu, nayajj janiw qhaya jisc'a marc sarcti.
Questions and Answers - _Jisceatianacampi ivaw sananacawni:
M.
Tata, cuns lurasctajja?
E.
Nayajj janiw cuns lurcti
M.
Juman wawamajj t'ant' mableasquiti
E.
Janiwa, nayan wawajjajj janiw t' ant' mank'quiti.
M.
Tata, cawcs.,tata Felipejj sarasqui?
E.
Tata Felipejj janiw cawcs sarquiti, jupajj utapancasquiwa.
M.
Tata, cawcs mama maxiajj sarasqui?
L.
jupajj khathurcasquiwa.
Mama Eariajj janiw cawcs sarquiti,
M.
Tata, cuns yokamajj lurasqai?
M.
Yokajjajj janiw cuns lurquiti, jupajj wali jayrawa.
Lulu, cuns jumemp jisc'a jilamampejj mank'asipctejja?
E.
Nayamp jisc'a jilajjampejj janiw cuns nank'apcti.
M.
Lulu, tatamajj yap lurasquiti?
E.
Janiwa, tatajjajj janiw yap lurquiti.
M.
Joseamp Davidampejj chawll catusipquiti?
E.
chawil catupcjuiti.
Janiwa, Joseamp Davidampejj janiw
E.
92
LESSON IX - Questions and Answers
Negative
M.
Jumamp cullacamampejj jichhajj is t'ajjsisipctati?
E.
Janiwa, nayamp cullacajjampejj janiw jichhajj is t'ajjsipcti.
Jumajj jichhajj pelot anatasctati?
E.
Janiwa, nayajj jichhajj janiw pelot anatcti.
J.
Juman mamamajj ch'ok alasisquiti?
E.
Janiwa, nayan mamajjajj janiw ch'ok alasquiti.
M.
Chachamajj escuel pichir sarasquiti?
E.
Janiwa, chachajjajj janiw escuel pichir sarquiti.
N.
Jumamp yokamampejj cafe umasipctati?
E.
Janiwa, nayamp yokajjampejj janiw cafe umapcti.
M.
Jichhajj nayajj janit cart kellkcta?
E.
JYsa, jichhajj jumajj janiw cart kellkctati.
M.
Jichhajj jumajj janit aych mank'cta?
E.
Jisa, jichhajj nayajj janiw aych mank'cti.
M.
Jichhajj jupajj janit tatapan utap visitir sarqui?
E.
JYsa, jupajj janiw tatapan utap visitir sarquiti.
M.
Jumajj jauit mamaman utap pichir jichhajj sarcta?
E.
JTsa, nayajj janiw mamaman utap pichir jichhajj sarcti.
14.
Nanacajj janit tatajjan kawrap awatir jichhajj sarapcta?
E.
J!sa, nanacajj janiw tatajjan kawrap awatir jichhajj sarapcti.
M.
Jichhajj Pablomp, Pedromp, Joseampejj janit walja t' ant' alasipqr:i9
E.
JYsa, Pablomp, Pedromp, Joseampejj janiw waija eanealasipquiti.
LESSON IX
Dialogue - Cuento
DAVIDAMP .CARdLIirAltPI
Carolina:
Tata David, cuns lurasctajja?
David:
Ay mama Carolina, nayajj janiv cuns lurcti, ovej awatiscta.
C.
Ay tata David, ovejamajj waljati?
D.
Ovejajjajj janiw waljEquiti.
Jumasti mama Carolina is
t'ajjsisctati?
C.
Janiw6tata David, nayajj janiw is t'ajjscti.
D.
Cawcs jichhajj jumajj sarasctajj, mama Carolina?
C.
Nayajj"jichhajj qhaya jawir sarascta.
D.
Waliquiw, mama Carolina, wa!iciuiwa.
C.
Sarawayjja
D.
Saraquimay mama Carolina, jiquisi.cama.-'
C.
Jiquisi: camay tata David.
1
tata David.
2
NOTES
1
'I'll be going now':
sargwayija
saa
suture tense
'in passing'
way
now'
jia
2
'May you have a nice time':
saraquimav
verb root
indicates encouragement
sara
quima
y(a)
plural:
3
'then'
saraptaguinlay.
'Until we see each other':
'to meet'
liquina
liquisiia
'to meet one another'
(-si- = reciprocal or reflexive action)
-cama
'until'
synonym = uhjasificama (from utkiaria. 'to see')
94
LESSON X - Tunquir lecciona
arumanthi
manana por la menana
tomorrow morning
camisaqui
cOmo estgs?
how are you?
jutalia
venir
to come
jutir domingo (tuminju)
prOxima domingo
next Sunday
jutir juevesa (jiwisa)
prOximo jueves
nest Thursday
jutir lunesa (lunisa)
prOximo lunes
next Monday
jutir martesa (martisa)
prOximo martes
next Tuesday
jutir miercolesa
pr6ximo miercoles
next Wednesday
(mirculisa)
prOximo sabado
jutir sabado (sawaru)
next Saturday
jutir semana (sinana)
pr6xima semana
next week
jutir viernesa
proximo viernes
next Friday
khartru
mafiana
tomorrow
k'oma
limpio
clean
mg, maya
uno
one, a
yapuchafia
cultivar
to cultivate
zapato (sapatu)
zapato
shoe
(wirnisa)
95
LESSON X
grammar - Sum parlaiiataaui
Future tense:
endings are added to the final voyel of the infinitive stem
(-a-, -i-, -u -); in the 1st person singular and plural, the final 'prig
vowel carries the stress:
Verb stem ending in
:
sarg
lkirafa
sarailni
AMAPtijaigni
fAKEILia
sarMta
sarrptigta
sarani
sarapiiani
Analysis:
sara-
root
-pjja-
pluralizer
endings:
-a (-aa = -g)
-Cgni
-a ( -ad
-ate (-aata = -Hta)
at
-ID
(-aata = Mta)
-ni
Infinitive stem ending in -i-
awati
:
awatiLa
awatiiMni
etc.
catea
Infinitive stem ending in -u-:
catg
cattflni
catupijaLgni
etc.
The particles -wa and -jia may be affixed to future tense forms.
As
was stated in Lesson VI, -17a seems to introduce the meaning of necessity:
sarRwa
' I have to go' (Sp.
The particle
d
seems to imply progressive action in the future:
sargija 'I will be going' (Sp. ysysaair).
II.
There is no indefinite article in Aymara.
form (m1) serves this function.
The numeral 'one' in it3 short
(On th., definite article cf.Grammar,
Lesson II .)
96
LESSON X
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuia
M.
Nayajj marc sari.
E.
Nayajj marc sara.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj marc sarani.
M.
yap lurani
E.
Jupajj yap lurani
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj yap lurapjjani.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj yap luranani.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj yap lurapjjaftani
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj yap lurapjjata.
M.
kawr awatipjjata
E.
Jumanacajj kawr awatipjjata.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj kawr awatipjja.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj kawr awadta.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj kawr awati.
M.
aych mank'a
E.
Nayajj aych mank'a.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj aych mank'anani.
LESSON X - Substitution Drill
M.
Nayajj tatajjan yapup lurh.
E.
Nayajj tatajjan yapup lura.
M.
tiojjan
E.
Nayajj tiojjan yapup lurk..
M.
utap pichh
E.
Nayajj tiojjan utap:pichh.
A.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj tiosan utap pichafihni.
M.
jumajj cullacaman
E.
Jumqjj cullacaman utap pichgta.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj cullacasan utap pichapjjafIgni.
M.
alasipjjafigni
E.
Jiwasanacajj cullacasan utap alasipjjafigni.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj cullacajjan utap alasipjjg.
M.
cullacajjan vacap
E.
Nanacajj cullacajjan vacap alasipjjg.
K.
jumajj
E.
Jupajj cullacapan vacap alasini.
M.
jilapan librop
E.
Jupajj jilapan librop alasini.
M.
cafeap unani
E.
Jupajj jilapan cafeap umani.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj jilaman cafeap umapjgta.
M.
hayajj
E.
Nayajj jilajjan cafeap umg.
98
LESSON 8 - Substitution Drill
M.
Nayajj walja t'ant' mank'g.
E.
Nayajj walja t' ant' manieg.
M.
tata Pedrojj
E.
Tata Pedrojj walja t'ant' mank'ani.
M.
E.
Nayamp jumanacampejj walja t'ant' mank'apjjafigni.
M.
cart kellkapjjafigni
E.
Nayamp jumanacampejj walja cart kellkapjjafigni.
M.
nayamp tatajjampejj
E.
Nayamp tatajjampejj walja cart kellkapjjg.
M.
jumamp warmimampejj
E.
Jumamp warmimampejj walja cart kellkapjjatM.
M.
aych alasiriw sarapjjata
E.
Jumamp warmimampejj walja aych alasiriw sarapjjgta.
M.
nayamp jumampejj
E.
Nayamp jumampejj walja aych alasiriw sarafigni.
M.
ch'ok alasiriw
E.
Nayamp jumampejj walja ch'ok alasiriw sarafigni.
M.
mamasan utap visitiriw jutafigni.
E.
Nayamp jumampejj mamasan utap visitiriw jutaFigni.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj mamaman utap visitiriw jutgta.
M.
Pedromp cullacapampejj
E.
Pedromp cullacapamepjj mamapan utap visitiriw jutajjani.
M.
nayamp jilajjampejj
E.
Nayamp jilajjampejj mamajjan utap visitiriw jutapjig.
99
LESSON X - Substitution Drill
M.
Arumanthejj Rositajj tiopan yapup luririw sarani.
E.
Arumanthejj Rositajj tiopan yapup luririw saraui.
M.
jumajj
E.
Arumanthejj jumajj tioiran yapup luririw sar &fta.
M.
yokaman isip t'ajjsiriw
E.
Arumanthejj jumajj jokaman isip t'ajjsiriw sargta.
M.
jutata
E.
Arumanthejj jumajj yokaman isip.eajjkariw jutgta.
M.
jumamp chachamampejj
E.
Arumanthejj jumamp chachamampejj yokaman isip t'ajjsiriw jutatijjgta.
M.
utap pichiriw
E.
Arumanthejj jumamp .chachamampejj yokaman utap pichiriw jutapjjgta.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj arumanthejj yokajjan utap pichiriw jutapjjg.
M.
jutir semanajj
E.
Jutir semanajj nanacajj yokajjan utap pichiriw jutapjjg.
N.
cervezap umiriw sarapjja
E.
Jutir semanajj nanacajj yokajjan cervezap umiriw sarapjji.
nayajj
E.
Jutir semanajj nayajj yokajjan cervezap umiriw sari.
M.
kharkirojj tatajjan
E.
Khariirojj nayajj tatajjan cervezap umiriw saia.
M.
Chuquiag zapat alasiriw
E.
Kharlirojj nayajj Chuquiag zapat alasiriw sari.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Kharlirojj jiwasanacajj Chuquiag zapat alasiriw sarapjjaani.
M.
ch'ok alasiriw
E.
Khartirojj jiwasanacajj Chuquiag ch'ok alasiriw sarapjjafigni.
100
LESSON X
Completion drill - Arunac phokachatia
Supply the appropriate forms of the verb manleana
Nayajj t'ant'
mank''
Jumajj t'ant'
manklgta
Jupajj t'ant'
mank'ani
Jumamp nayampejj t'ant'
mank'ailani
Nayamp jumanacampejj t'ant'
mank'apjjegni
Nayamp yokajjampejj t'ant'
mank'apjjg
Jumamp Elenampejj t'ant'
mank'apjjata
Andresamp Pablompejj t'ant'
mank'apjjani
Supply the appropriate forms of the verb awatifia
Arumanthejj nayajj tiojjan ovejap
awatY
Arumanthejj jumajj tioman ovejap
awatita
Arumanthejj jupajj jilapan ovejap
awati7.12:
Arumanthejj jiwasajj tioman ovejap
awatiaini
Arumanthejj jiwasanacajj tata Pablon ovejap
awatipjjafILLII
Arumanthejj nanacajj tata Pablon kawrap
awatipjjh
Arumanthejj jumanacajj achilaman kawrap
awatipjjtita
Arumanthejj jupanacajj achilapan kawrap
awatipjjani
Conjugate:
Cawcs nayajj sara?
jumajj
etc.
Cuns nayajj lurg?
jumajj
etc.
Nayajj cuns manieg?
Jumajj
etc.
101
LESSON X
Questions and Answers positive
Jiset'elaracempi ivaw safianacampi.
Chekanaca
M.
Tata Tomas, arumanthejj jumajj marc saratati?
E.
nsa, arumanthejj nayajj marc sargwa.
M.
Tata Tomas, arumanthejj nayajj marc sarati?
E.
Asa, arumanthejj jumajj mare saatawa.
H.
Tata Tomas, a rumanthejj nanacajj k'aiu is t'ajjsipijHti?
E.
JYaa, arumanthejj jumanacajj k' a. u is t'ajjsipjjHtawa.
M.
Mama Marla, kharUrojj cullacamamp jilajjampejj marc jutapjjaniti?
2.
Jisa, kharUrojj cullaeajjamp jilamamnejj mate jutapjjaniwa.
M.
Mama Maria, khurUrojj jumamp nayampejj cafe umaaniti?
E.
nsa, kharUrojj jimiamp nayampejj eefe umaigniwa.
N.
Mama Maria, EhurUrojj nay amp jupampejj vaca aych manklapjjHti?.
E.
J!a!sa, kharUrojj jumamp jupampejj vaca aych Lank'apjjlitawa.
M.
Awicha, jumajj jutir lunesajj kawr awatltati?
E.
nsa, nayajj jutir lunesajj kawr awatYwa.
M.
Awicha, yokamajj jutir domingojj khath saraniti?
E.
nsa, yokajjajj jutir domingojj khath saraniwa.
N.
Pablo, imilla majj jutir semanajj chawll alasiniti?
E.
nsa, imillajjajj jutir semanajj ebaw31 alasiniwa.
M.
Tata, yokamamp phuchamampejj yap lurapjjaniti?
E.
nsa, yokajjamp phuchajjampejj yap lurapjjaniwa.
M.
Jise'a lulu, mamamajj tataman isip t'ajjsiniti?
E.
nsa, mamajjajj tatajjan isip t'ajjsiniwa.
M.
Tata Andres, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych mank'apjjanEniti?
E.
nsa, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych mank'apjjaaniwa.
M.
Mama Teresa, jumajj cart 1:ellkMtati?
E.
J!sa, nayajj cart kellkHwa.
M.
Jisc'a yokalla, tatamajj ut pichaniti?
E.
nsa, tatajjajj ut pichaniwa.
102
LESSON X
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA MARIAMP MAMA TERESAMPIW PARLAPJJE
Maria:
Mama Teresa, arumanthejj cawcs sargta?
Teresa:
Arumanthejj marc saraT" munta, ucampis walja is eajjsiiiajjawa.
M.
Ay ucawa...
T.
Jumajj marc sariltati?
M.
Janiw sarcati, mamajjar ut pichan yanapaiiajjawa.
T.
Cuns mamamajj lurani?
M.
Ma suma is ch'ucuni.
T.
Jutir domingojj awichaman utap visitir jutatati?
M.
JYsa, jutawa.
T.
Cawquinquis jilMr
M.
Jupajj khathuncasquiwa, walja isinac aljasqui.
T.
Kawkhas ma suma sombrerojj cuesti?3
M.
Patac warankawa.
T.
Uqhamajj jutir semanajj sombrer alasiriw cullacaman khathup sarg.
M.
Waliquiw mama Teresa.
T.
Sara mama...jiquisificamay mama.
M.
Iyaw mama...jiquisificama.
2
1
cullacamajja?
4
NOTES
1
'I have to clean':
2
'older'
infinitive + possessive pronoun + wa.
added to the
jila 'older; brother.' The suffix
final consonant of the stem, indicates 'the one who is...'
e.g.
:
jila 'older - jiliri 'the older one'
jach'a 'large' - jach'iri 'the large one'
'the small one.'
jisc'a 'small' -
(Cf. grammar notes, Lesson VI.)
3
'How much does a nice hat cost?'
kawkhas 'how much?'
sombrerojj (sumiroij)
cuesti f,custi) 'cost' (Sp. costar; cuesta)
4
'100,000.'
Pataca = '100';
waranka '1000.'
133
Twca mayanir lecTiona
LESSON
allehhi
nieto
grankchild
arroba (arruTN,)
arroba
25 pounds (unit of
measure)
caballo (cawallo)
caballo
horse
chhiwchhi
pollito
little chicken
cuesti (kusti)
cuesta
costs
kawkha
cuanto
how much
kilo (quilu)
kilo
kilo
libra (liwra)
libra
pound
qhuchi
cerdo
Pig
tomate (tumati)
tomate
tomato
walipa
gallina
hers
wanc u
conej o
rabbit
Numerals - Jaqhee;ianaca
Ordinal
Cardinal
1
(mg may also
serve as an indefinite
article)
maya, in
1st
nayriri
,
nayranquiri
2 -paya, pg (pg is the only
2nd payiri, payanquiri
form used in compound
numerals. Cf. '20,200')
3
quimsa
3rd quimsiri, quimsanquiri
4
pusi
4th pusiri, pusinquiri
5
pheska.
5th pheskeri, pheskanquiri
6
sojjta
6th sojjtiri, sojjtanquiri
7
pakallko
7th pakallkori, pakallkonquiri
8
quimsakallko
8th quimsakallkori, nuimsakallkonquiri
9
llgtunca
9th llgtunquiri, llgtuncanquiri
10
tunca
10th tunquiri, tuncanquiri
11
tunca mayani
11th tunca mayariri, tunca mayaninquiri
12
tunca payani
12th tunca payaniri, tunca payaninquiri
13
tunca quimsani
13th tunca quimsaniri, tunca quimsaninquiri
14
tunca pusini
14th
tunca pusiniri, tunca pusininquiri
104
LESSON XI - Vocabulary - Numerals
Ordinal
Cardinal
15
tunca pheskani
15th
tunca pheskaniri, tunca pheskaninquiri
16
tunca sojjtani
16th
tunca sojjtaniri, tunca sojjtaninquiri
17
tunca pakallkoni
17th
tunca pakallkoniri, tunca pakallkoninquiri
18
tunca quimsakallkani
18th
tunca quimsakallkoniri, tunca
quimsakallkoninquiri
19
tunca llgtuncani
19th tunca llgtuncaniri, tunca
llgtuncanquiri
20
Pg TUNCA
20th
pg tunquiri, pa tuncanquiri
21
pg tune mayani
21st
pg. tunc mayaniri, pad tunc mayaninquiri
22
pg tunc payani
22nd
pad tunc payaniri, pg tunc payaninquiri
23
pad tunc quimsani
23rd pg tunc quimsaniri, pa tunc
quimsaninquiri
24
pad tunc pusini
24th
pd tunc pusiniri, pd tunc
pusininquiri
25
pa tunc pheskani
25th
pd tunc pheskaniri, pd tunc
pheskaninquiri
26
pad tunc sojjtani
26th
pd tunc sojjtaniri, pI tune
sojjtaninquiri
27
pI tunc pakallkoni
27th pg tunc pakallkoniri, pM tunc
pakallkoninquiri
28
pH tunc quimsakallkoni
28th
29
pd tunc 11a tuncani
29th pd tunc llMtuncaniri, pg
llgtuncaninquiri
30
QUIMSA TUNCA
30th
quimsa tunquiri, quimsa tuncanquiri
40
PUSI TUNCA
40th
pusi tunquiri, pusi tuncanquiri
50
PHESKATUNCA
50th
pheska tunquiri, pheska tuncanquir:
60
SOJJTA TUNCA
60th
sojjta tunquiri, sojjta tuncanquiri
70
PAKALLK TUNCA
70th
pakallk tunquiri, pakallk tuncanquLA
80
QUIMSAKALLK TUNCA
80th
quimsakallk tunquiri, quimsakallk
tuncanquiri
90
LLIITUNC TUNCA
90th
llgtunc tunquiri, llgtunc tuncanqui.ri
pd tunc quimsakallkoniri, pa tunc
quimsakallkoninquiri
100
PATACA.
100th
pataquiri, patacanquiri
500
PUSKA PATACA
500th
pheska pataquiri, pheska patacanquiri
1,000
1,000,000
WARANKA
MILLONA (milluna)
1,000th
waranquiri, warankanquiri
1,000,000th
warankan warankapanquiri
1.03
LESSON XI
Grammar - Suma parla .ataqui
T.
-ni in compound numerals (11-19 and subsequent multiples of ten , 21-29,
etc.) has the meaning of 'with, and'.
e.g.
tunca mayani '11' ('10 with 1'):
may also be contracted to
tunca mavni;
:unca payani '12':
:1.
may be contracted to tursakami.
-ni- in simple numerals and in question words marks the animate quality
of the subject.
Inanimate subjects.are unmarked:
Animate subjects
e.g.
thaIiswatma.u.aKahil?
'HOE, Many children do yOu have
Vawamaii_kawkhanisa?
Mama. Marian allchhipajj kawkl,an5s vtji?
'How Ilan; grandchildren
does Se'ora Maria have?'
'I have 2 children.'
Tqawajiajj paniniwa.
Y.D.:pcne' and'two''(animate).may have 2 forms:
.of man becoming mav)
,
(Lit. 'My children are
two
pani, !mg: (with Contraction
panini.
Inanimate subjects
Kawkhas kawraaalia?
'How many llamas do you have'
t.tjastKawlatatasroa'iut4i?
'Ilow many donkeys does
Sailor Jos4 have?'
SE#raiia"-3. 'I have 2 llamas.'
N.B.:
It appears that not all speakers distinguish between animate and
inanimate subjects.
The distinction between animate and inanimate
subjects.is apparently made with the numerals 1-10 only.
All the
numerals 11-19 must have -ni- as the mark of compound numerals.
The distinction between animate and inanimate can be made
consistently in the adverbs 'how many, where,'
III.
-dui- 'only':
e.g. Fusing '4' / misinigyiwa
only 4 (animate)
nmain4 '4' / pusiquiwa 'only 4' (inanimate)
Tolawaiialinazniapiwa. 'I have only I child.'
106
LESSON XI - Grammar
IV.
-camae.g.
'each one'
Kawkhas? 'How much?'/Kawkhacamas? 'How much each one?'
1221sotathuingail.
V.
-naca-
'The bananas are 300 each.'
pluralizing suffix.
With plural numbers, the pluralizing suffix is optional:
e.g.
Wawamajj quimsariwa.
Wawanacamaii quimsaniwa.
'You have 3 children.'
When the suffix -naca- is attached to a prominal or nominal subject,
it may also be added to the predicate form with -wa.
Rudimentos de,
graeitica aymara (p. 27) characterizes the repetition of -naca- in the
predicate as an innovation.
(Cf. agreement of number in Spanish)
los hermanos but not *los hermano, el hermanos.)
Rudimentos further states that -naca- attached to the subject "emphasizes
the whole" of whatever is referred to [collectivity? - P.W.J
When -naca-
appears with the predicate, it emphasizes the individuality of the
component parts of the subject."
e.g.
292pAsaiLlARials.
Ucanacaj j lapizauacawa.
VI.
'Those are pencils.' (as a whole)
Ucajj wawanacajjawa. 'These are my children.' (distinct
individuals)
N.B.:Subjects with -naca may take a singular verb:_e.g. Amismacasaii
janiw munquiti.
'Our friends dorl't want to.'
Ordinal numerals are formed by the addition of the suffixes -iri to
the last consonant of the stem (-ori with the numerals '7th and 8th')
or - nguiri to the last vowel of the stem:
VII.
pusi / pus -iri
---or pusi-nquiri
'4th'
'How many" many' may be expressed in two ways:
(a)
Kawkhas + Noun
e.g.
(a)
Kawkhas qhuchimajj utii?
How many pigs do you have?'
EAKkhg.P9111911imaiig?
(b)
Kawkha + Noun 4.s (a)
e.g.
VIII.
Kawkha ghuchimas utji?
Kawkha qhuchimas5?
'How many pigs do you have?'
The possessive marker -na follows the conjunctional suffix -m217 and,
like the latter, is attached to each member of the construction:
e.g.
Juanin warmimam in chhiwchhimajj tunca quimsaniwa.
'You and your wife have 13 little chickens.'
Fr'
(Lit. 'Your and your wife's little chickens are 13')
107
LESSON XI
Substitution Drill - Vasa arunac uscul;a
M.
Tatajjan caballopajj payawa.
E.
Tatajjan caballopajj payawa.
M.
nayan
E.
Nayan caballojjajj payawa.
M.
tata Enriquen
E.
Teta Enriquen caballopajj payawa.
M.
qhuchipajj pheskawa
E.
Tata Enriquen qhuchipajj pheskawa.
M.
juman
E.
Juman qhuchimajj pheskawa..
M.
juman warmiman
E.
Juman warmiman qhuchipajj pheskawa.
M.
wallpapajj quimsakallkowa
E.
Juman warmiman wallpapajj quimsakallkowa.
M.
Pedron cullacapan chhiwchhipajj
E.
Pedron cullacapan chhiwchhipajj quimsakallkowa.
M.
quimsakallkoquiwa
E.
Pedron cullacapan chhiwchhipajj quimsakallkoquiwa.
M.
wanc'upajj pakailkoquiwa
E.
Pedron cullacapan wanc'upajj,pakallkoquiwa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan wanc'usajj pakallkoquiwa.
M.
mama Susanan
E.
Mama Susanan wanc'upajj pakallkoquiwa.
M.
sojjtaquiwa
E.
Mama Susanan waneupajj sojjtaquiwa.
M.
juman phuchaman
E.
Juman phuchaman wanc'upajj sojjtaquiwa.
108
LESSON XI - Substitution drill
M.
Nayan wanc'ojjajj tunca sojjtaniwa.
E.
Nayan wanc'ojjajj tunca sojjtaniwa.
M.
juman
E.
Juman waneumajj tunca sojjtaniwa.
M.
tata Josean ovejapajj
E.
Tata Josean ovejapajj tunca sojjtaniwa.
M.
tunca quimsakallkoniwa
E.
Tata Josean ovejapajj tunca quimsakallkoniwa.
M.
mama Marian wallpapajj
E.
Mama Marian wallpapajj tunca quimsakallkoniwa.
M.
tunca pakallkoniwa
E.
Mama Marian wallpapajj tunca pakalL.oaiwa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan wallpapajj tunca pakallkoniwa.
M.
jumanacan
E.
Jumanacan wallpamajj tunca pakallkoniwa.
M.
nanacan chhiwchhejjajj
E.
Nanacan chhiwchhejjajj tunca pakallkoniwa.
M.
tunca quimsaniwa
E.
Nanacan chhiwchhejjajj quimsaniwa.
M.
jiwasanacan
E.
Jiwasanacan chhiwchhisajj tunca quimsaniwa.
M.
jumampin warmimampin
E.
Jumampin warmimampin chhiwchhimajj tunca quimsaniwa.
M.
nayan qhuchejjajj
io
E.
Nayan qhuchejjajj tunca quimsaniwa.
M.
tunca llatuncaniwa
E.
Nayan qhuchejjajj tunca llatuncaniwa.
LESSON XI - Substitution drill
M.
Nayan wawajjajj mayniquiwa.
E.
Nayan wawajjajj mayniquiwa.
M.
quimsaniquiwa
E.
Nayan wawajjajj quimsaniquiwa.
M.
juman
E.
Juman wawamajj quimsaniquiwa.
M.
sojjtaniwa
E.
Juman wawamajj sojjtaniwa.
M.
tata Enriquen yokapajj
E.
Tata Enriquen yokapajj sojjtaniwa.
M.
quimsakallkoniwa
E.
Tata Enriquen yokapajj quimsakallkoniwa.
M.
juman phuchamajj
E.
Juman phuchamajj quimsakallkoniwa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan phuchasajj quimsakallkoniwa.
M.
paniniquiwa
E.
Jiwasan phuchasajj paniniquiwa.
M.
Pedrompin Mariampin
E.
Pedrompin Mariampin phuchapajj paniniquiwa.
M.
pheskaniquiwa
E.
Pedrompin Mariampin phuchapajj pheskaniquiwa.
M.
jumampin warmimapin
E.
Jumampin warmimampin phuchamajj pheskaniquiwa.
H.
nanacan yokajjajj
E.
Nanacan yokajjajj pheskaniquiwa.
M.
pakailkoniwa
E.
Nanacan yokajjajj pakallkoniwa.
a,
k
110
LESSON XI - Substitution drill.
M.
Nayan eant'ajjajj pheska pataccamawa.
E.
Nayan t'ant'ajjajj pheska pataccamawa.
M.
juman pokotamajj
E.
Juman pokotamajj pheska pataccamawa.
M.
quimsakallk pataccamawa
E.
Juman pokotamajj quimsakallk pataccamawa.
M.
mama Marian chawllapajj
E.
Mama Marian chawllapajj quimsakallk pataccamawa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan chawllasajj quimsakallk pataccamawa.
M.
pakallk
E.
Jiwasan chawllasajj pakallk pataccamawa.
M.
tata Pablon naranjapajj
E.
Tata Pablon naranjapajj pakallk pataccamawa.
M.
juman
E.
Juman naranjamajj pakallk pataccamawa.
N.
ma arrob ch'okejj tunca pheskan warankawa.
E.
Ma arrob ch'okejj tunca pheskan warankawa.
M.
pa tunc pheskan warankawa
E.
Ma arrob ch'okejj pa tunc pheskan warankawa.
M.
ma arrob azucarajj
E.
Ma arrob azucarajj pa tunc pheskan warankawa.
M.
pa tunc quimsakallkon warankawa
E.
ma arrob azucarajj pa tunc quimsakallkon warankawa.
M.
Ma arrob arrozajj
E.
ma arrob arrozajj pa tunc quimsakallkon warankawa.
M.
pusi kil aychajj
E.
Pusi kit aychajj pa tunc quimsakallkon warankawa.
111
LESSON XI
Jisceafianacampi iyaw saianacampi
M.
Kawkhas pokotamajj cuesti?
E.
pa patacawa.
N.
Kawkhacamas pokotamajja?
E.
Pokotajjajj quimsa pataccamawa.
M.
Kawkhacamas t'ant'amajja?
E.
T'ant'ajj pheska pataccamawa.
N.
Kawkhas
E.
Quimsakalik warankawa.
M.
1 iwkhas ma libra azucarajj cuesti?
E.
Ma libra azucarajj pakallk patacawa.
N.
Kawkhas and arrob ch'okejj cuesti?
E.
Ma arrob ch'okejj cunca quimsakcallkoa waTankawa.
M.
Kawkhas ma libra tomatejj cuesti?
E.
ma libra tomatejj warankawa.
kil aychajj cuesti?
Horasanaca - Hours
Cuna horasasa? "Mat time is it*?'
11:15
Tunca may= horasa, tunca pheskan rinutoniwa.
12:40
Tunca payan horasa, pusi tunc minutoniwa.
Liatunc horasa, pa tunc pheskan minutoniwa.
9:25
12 noon
Tunca payan horasa chica uru .
11:55
Pheska minuto faltiwa chica urutaqui. (Lit. '5 minutes to noon')
Tunca payan horasa chica aruma.
12 midnight
Pheska mirutc quimsakallh horastaqui.(Lit. '5 minutes to 8')
7:55
horasa
minuto (minutu)
chicata
nayra
chicat nayra
chicat pasada (pasata)
-taqui
e.g.
falta,
Domingotaqui pa uru
(phaltaba)
hour (*horasa seems to have been borrower'
from Spanish in the plural
minute
(oral), with the final vowel
added according to Aymara
half, middle
phonology, or is a combinabefore
tion of Spanish (2g) bore
es?'what time is it?' The
AM.
suffix -sa indicates a
P.M.
count noun.)
before
'Two days before Sunday.'
to be 3ackin2
chica aruma
midnight
chica uru
noon
Give the Aymara for:
6:03, 7:14, 8:43, 9:19, 13:22, 17:0C, 18:43
LESSON XI
Dialogue - Cuento
MH voluntariaji khathun alasi' muni
Voluntaria:
Hama, kawkhacamas chawllamajja?
Llama:
Uca chawllajj mama, pheska pataccamaua.
V:
.
Ay mama, rebajeitaya.
1
M:
Janie mama, jach'a chawllanacawa.
V:
Quimsa patacaruw sapa
2
may, manta, waliquiti?
Ughlimajj, mama, kawkha chawlls muntajj, mama"
V:
Ay mama, nayajj tunca chaull alasin munta.
M:
Acajj, mamas tunca chawlajj quimsa mrantaua.
Acajj mama, suma liq'inacawa.
J!s mama, sumanacawa.
V:
Ualiquiw mama.
Acajj kolltejj3
mama, pheska warankaw mama.
N:
Kawkha turquis4 mama?
V:
PU warankan,
M:
Ch'ok alasia muntati?
V:
Janiw alasin muncti, ucampis
5
mama?
6
vaca aych alasia munta,
cawqhans utji?
M:
Mama Varian utji.
V:
Jupajj utapancasquiti?
M:
JTsa, utapancasquiwa, jupajj janiw khath jutquiti.
V:
Cuns lurasqui?
M:
Ovej awatisqui.
7
Uqhgmajj mama Marian ut.ap sarM.
-V:
Waliquiw mama, jiquisificamay
mama.
Acajj mama, jutir domingojj mama, nayajj jach'a liq'i
M:
chawllanac apanM.
8
V.
Waliquiw mama, jiquisiricamay mama.
/4:
Jiquisificamay mama.
NOTES
1
'Lower (the price)':
2
sapa 'each'
rebt'aaa
from Spanish LeNdal)
e
113
LESSON XI
Dialogue
NOTES (continued)
3
kollke 'money'
4
turnui 'change'
5
pH warankan '2000' + n possessive marker; the noun 'of change'
(turqui) is understood.
6
ucampis 'but'
7
utapancasouiti?
8
apanY 'I will bring.'
'Is she in her house?'
Future fram
lama Rositamp Mama T4ariamn5.
Maria:
Buenos dias mama...anumajj.utjlti?
Rosita:
Buenos dias mama...janiw utjquiti.
is
Ay mama, camisac mama.
R:
Ualic mama.
M:
Wawanacamajj acancasquiti?
R:
Janiwa.
1
.
TaypIrejj3 ovej awati,Nui.
JilYrejj2 escuelancasquiwa.
Sullcajj4 qhaya jawiran anatasqui.
Kawkhanis imill wawamajj utji"
R:
Mayn%quiwa.
II:
Uywanacamajj utjiti?
R:
Jilsa utjiwa, ucampis janiw waljUquiti.5
N:
Kawkhas wallpamajj utji?
R:
Quimsaquiwa; mayajj usutawa, payasti
N:
Chhiwechinacamajj utjiti?
R:
JYs mama, utjiwa.
M:
Kawkhas utji
R:
Tunca mayaniw mama.
6
t uqhawa.
Val:law mama, waljawa.
R:
Ay mama, cawqhas utamajja?
114
LESSON XI - Dialogue
Qhaya kollu jaeancquis uca jach'a utawa.
Waliquiw mama.
14:
/lama Rosita, jichhajj nayajj sari.
R:
Waliquiw mama.
NOTES
1
Camisac?'How are you?'
2
JilMreji 'the oldest'
3
Taypireij 'the middle one': taypi 'middle'
4
Sullcaii 'the youngest'
Cf. notes to story, Lesson X.
5 Ealiktliti 'are not many':
walia 'many'
wallawa 'are many'
waliaquiti 'are not many'
waliati? 'are many?'
6
payasti 'and two'.
On -sti, cf. notes, Lesson II.
115
LESSOY XII - Tuncspayanir lecciona
Grammar - smgapatlEaLlqagi
1.
Future negative
sarapcdAniti
sarcati
saraEcdti
saratati
sarepatati
sarcaniti
sarancaniti
sar-
Analysis:
7.42-
c...ti
verbstem
pluralizer
negative infix
Endings : same as future positive
the
In interrogative statements, the -ti particle is attached to
negative iani:
ianit sarcaaRni
janit sarapa
'Will I not go?'
4anit sarepe;.a
janit sarcgta
laait sz..rr-cani
janit sarcani
N.B.
The particle
ative forms:
janit sarapcaiani
-its may
also be attached to future negative interrogserctijja.
116
LESSON XII
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuaa
M.
Nayajj janiw marc sarcati.
E.
Nayajj janiw marc sareati.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj janiw marc saccaniti.
M.
yap lurcaniti
E.
Jupajj janiw yap lurcaniti.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj janiw yap lurapcaniti.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj janiw yap lurcafigniti.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj janiw yap lurapcafi gniti.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj janiw yap lurapcgtati.
M.
kawr awatipcatati
E.
Jumanacajj janiw kawr awatipcgtati.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj janiw kawr awatipcati.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj janiw kawr awatcatati.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj janiw kawr awatcdti.
M.
aych mank'cati
E.
Nayajj janiw aych mank'cati.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj janiw aych mank'cafianiti.
117
,LESSON XII - Substitution Drill
M.
Nayajj tatajjan yapup janiw lurcaci.
E.
Nayajj tatajjan yapup janiw lurcgti.
M.
tiojjan
E.
Nayajj tiojjan yapup janiw
M.
utap janiw pichcUti
E.
Nayajj tiojjan utap janiw pichcgti.
N.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj tiosan utap janiw pichcafiNniti.
M.
jumajj cullacaman
E.
Jumajj cullacaman utap janiw pichatati.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj cullacasan utap janiw pichapcelaiti.
M.
alasipceaniti
E.
Jiwasanacajj cullacasan utap janiw
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj cullacajjan utap janiw alasipcati.
N.
cullacajjan vacap
E.
tanacajj cullacajjan vacap janiw alasipcgti.
a' asipcauin ti.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj cullacapan vacap janiw alascaniti.
M.
jilapan librop
E.
Jupajj jilapan librop janiw alascaniti.
U.
cafeap uncaniti
E.
Jupajj jilapan cafeap janiw umcaniti.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj jilapan cafeap janiw umapclatatL
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj jilajjan cafeap janiw umcati.
111
118
LESSON XII - Substitution Drill
M.
Nayajj janiw walja t' ant' mank'cati.
E.
Nayajj janiw walja t'ant' mank'cati.
M.
tata Pedrojj
E.
Tata Pedrojj janiw walja t'ant' mank'caniti.
M.
E.
Nayamp jumanacampejj janiw walja t'ant' mank'apcaiiNniti.
M.
cart kellkapcaiianiti
E.
Nayamp jumanacampejj jatiiw walja cart kellkapcatiNniti.
M.
nayamp tatajjampejj
E.
Nayamp tatajjampejj janiw walja cart kellkapcati.
M.
jumamp warmimampejj
E.
Jumamp warmimampejj janiw walja cart kellkapetati.
M.
aych alasir janiw sarapcatati
E.
Jumamp warmimampejj janiw aych alasir sarapcatati.
M.
nayamp jumampejj
E.
Nayamp jumampejj janiw aych alasir sarauaniti.
M.
ch'ok alasir
E.
Nayamp jumampejj janiw ch'ok alasir saracafianiti.
M.
mamasan utap visitir jutcaaniti
E.
Nayamp jumampejj janiw mamasan utap visitir jutcafianiti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj janiw mamaman utap visitir jutcHtati.
M.
Pedromp cullacapampejj
E.
Pedromp cullacapampejj janiw mamapan utap visitir jutapcaniti.
M.
nayamp jilajjampejj
E.
Nayamp jilajjampejj janiw mamajjan utap visitir jutapcilti.
119
LESSON XI/ - Substitution Drill
M.
Arumanthejj Rositajj janiw tiopan yapup lurcartiti.
E.
Arumanthejj Rositajj janiw tiopan yapup lurcaniti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Arumanthejj jumajj janiw tioman yapup lurci tati.
M.
yokaman isip t'ajjscatati
E.
Arumanthejj jumajj janiw yokaman'isip t'ajjscAtari.
M.
jumamp chachamampejj
E.
Arumanthejj jumamp chachamampejj janiw yokaman isip. t'aijsipatati.
M.
utap pichapcatati
Arumanthejj jumamp chachar-ampejj janiw yokaraen.utap pichapcatati.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj arumanthejj janiw yokajjan utap pichapati.
A.
jucir semanajj
E.
Jutir semanajj nanacajj janiw yokajjan utap pichapcati.
M.
cervezap umapcati
E.
Jutir semanajj nanacajj janiw yokajjan cervezap umapcati.
M.
nayajj
E.
Jutir semanajj nayajj janiw yokajjan cervezap umcati.-
M.
khartirojj janiw tatajjan
E.
Khartrojj nayajj janiw tatajjan cervezap umcati.
M.
Chuquiag zapat alasir sarcati
E.
Kharfirojj nayajj janiw Chuquiag zapat alasir sarcUt.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Khartirojj jiwasanacajj janiw Chuquiag zapat alasir sarapcaMniti.
M.
ch'ok alasir
E.
Khartlrojj jiwasanacajj janiw Chuquiag ch'ok alasir sarapcananiti.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Khartirojj jumanacajj janiw Chuquiag ch'ok alasir sarapatati.
120
LESSON XII
Completion drill - Asumsphokachaiia
I.
Declarative
Supply the appropriate forms of the verb.
sarana
Nayajj janiw marc
sarcHti
Jumajj janiw mare
sarcRtati
Jupajj janiw marc
sarcaniti
Jiwasajj janiw marc
sarcaaniti
Jiwasanacajj janiw marc
sarapeakHniti
Nanacajj janiw marc
sarapcHti
Jumanacajj janiw marc
sarapcHtati
Jupanacajj janiw marc
sarapcaniti
lurafia
Nayajj janiw yap
lurcHti
Jumajj janiw yap
lurcHtati
Jupa4j janiw yap
lurcaniti
I
Jiwasajj janiw yap
lurcaaniti
Jiwasanacajj janiw yap
lurapcan!niti
Nanacajj janiw yap
lurapcMt i
Jumanacajj janiw yap
lurapcRtati
Jupanacajj janiw yap
lurapcaniti
mank'aOn
Nayajj jariw t'ant'
mank'cHti
Jumajj janiw t'ant'
mank'cHtati
Jupajj janiw t'ant'
mank'caniti
Jumamp nayampejj janiw t'ant'
mank'cafiHniti
Nayamp jumanacampejj janiw t'ant'
mank'apcaitHniti
Nayamp yokajjampejj janiw t'ant'
mank'apcHti
Jumamp Elenampejj janiw t'ant'
mank'apcHtati
Andresamp Pablompejj janiw t'ant
mank'apcaniti
121
LESSON XII - Completion drill
IT.
Interrogative
sarana
sarca
Janit nayajj cawcs
sarcata
9
Janit jumajj cawcs
sarcani
?
Janit jupajj cawcs
Sarca.Uni
?
Janit jiwasajj cawcs
sarapce,Hni
?
Janit jiwasanacajj cawcs
sarapcg
Janit nanacajj cawcs
Janit jumanacajj cawcs
sarapcgta
Janit jupanacajj cawcs
sarareani
:
Nayajj janit cuns
.lur-'
lurcg
9
lurcilta
Jumajj janit cuns
lurcani
Jupajj janit cuns
liarcaUni
Jiwasajj janit cuns
lurapce,gni
Jiwasanacajj janit cuns
lutaticH
Yanacajj janit cuns
lurapcgta
Jumanacajj janit cuns
lurapcani
Jupanacajj janit cuns
mankvaaa
rankica
Janit nayajj cuns
maillOcgta
Janit jumajj cuns
mank'cani
Janit jupajj cuns
mank'caAni
Janit jiwasajj cuns
9
Janit jiwasanacajj cuns
mank'apcg
Janit nanacajj cuns
Janit jumanacajj cuns
Janit jupanacajj cuns
mank'arcegni
?
mank'apcata
mank'apcani
122
LESSON XII
Jisceafianacam i iyaw safianacamki
Positive-Negative - Chekanaca-Jan chekanaca
.
M.
Tata Tomas, arumanthejj jumajj marc saratati?
E.
Janiwa, arumanthejj nayajj janiw marc sarati.
E.
Jisa, arumanthejj nayajj marc sara.
M.
Tata Tomas, arumanthejj nayajj marc sarRti?
E.
Janiwa, arumanthejj jumajj janiw marc sarcatati.
E.
Jisa, arumanthejj jumajj marc sarata.
M.
Tata Tomas, arumanthejj nanacajj k'aiiu is t'ajjsipjjati?
E.
Janiwa, arumanthejj jumanacajj janiw k'afiu is eajjsipcHtati.
E.
Jisa, arumanthejj jumanacajj k'ai% is t'ajjsipjjHta.
M.
Mama Maria, kharUrojj cullacamamp jilajjampejj marc jutapjjaniti?
E.
Janiwa, kharUrojj cullacajjamp jilamampejj janiw marc jutapcaniti.
E.
Jisa, kharUrojj cullacajjamp jilamampejj marc jutapjjani.
M.
Mama, kharUrojj jumamp nayampejj cafe umaaniti?
E.
Janiwa, kharUrojj jumamp nayampejj janiw cafe umcaiHniti.
E.
Jisa, kharUrojj jumamp nayampejj cafe umaCHni.
M.
Mama Maria, khurUrojj nayamp warmejjampejj vaca aych mank'apjjati?
E.
Janiwa, kharUrojj jumamp warmimampejj janiw vaca aych mank'apcgtati.
E.
Jisa, kharUrojj jumamp warmimampejj
M.
Awicha, jumajj jutir lunesajj kawr awatitati?
E.
Janiwa, nayajj jutir lunesajj janiw kawr awatcRti.
E.
Jisa, nayajj jutir lunesajj
M.
Awicha, yokamajj jutir domingojj khath saraniti?
E.
Janiwa, yokajjajj jutir domingojj janiw khath sarcaniti,
E.
Jisa, yokajjajj jutir domingojj khath sarani.
M.
Pablo, imillamajj jutir semanajj chawll alasiniti?
E.
Janiwa, imillajjajj jutir semanajj janiw chawll alascaniti.
E.
Jisa, imillajjajj jutir semanajj chawll alasini.
M.
Tata, yokamamp phuchamampejj kharUrojj yap lurapjjaniti?
E.
Janiwa, yokajjamp phuchajjampejj kharUrojj janiw yap lurapcaniti.
E.
JYsa, jokajjamp phuchajjampejj kharUrojj yap lurapjjani.
vaca aych mank'apjjllta.
kawr awatU.
123
LESSON XII - Questions and Answers
Positive-Negative
Jiscla lulu, mamamajj tataman isip c_rumanthejj t'ajjsiaiti?
E.
Janiwa, manajjajj tatajjan isip arumanthejj janiw t'ajjscaniti.
E.
Jisa, mamajjajj tatajjan isip arumanthejj
M.
Tata Andres, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych nanklapjjaMniti?
E.
Janiwa, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj janiw vaca aych mank'apcaaniti.
E.
Jisa, jiwasanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych mank'apijatigni.
M.
Mama Rosita, jumajj cart kellkiltati?
E.
Janiwa, nayajj janiw cart kellkchti.
E.
Jisa, nayajj cart kellgt...
M.
Jisc'a yokalla, tatamajj ut pichaniti?
E.
Janiwa, tatajjajj janiw ut pichcaniti.
E.
Jisa tatajjajj ut pichani.
t'ajjsani:'
124
LESSON XII
Dialogue - Cuento
111
MAMA ROSITAMPI MA. VOLUNTARIOMPI
ROSITA:
Mama, c'awn alasin muntati?
VOLUNTARIA:
Jis mama muntwa, kawkhas c'awnajj utji?
ROSITA:
Pheskaw mama.
VOLUNTARIA:
Jumajj arumanthejj khath saratati?
ROSITA:
Janiw mama; janiw sarcati.
walja is t'ajjsi.
VOLUNTARIA:
Cuns chadumajj arumanthejj lurani?
ROSITA:
Chachajjaj
VOLUNTARIA:
Chachamajj chawll catur sacaniti?
ROSITA:
Janiw mama, janiw sarcaniti.
VOLUNTARIA:
Kawkhas wallpamajj utji?
ROSITA:
Quimsaw mama.
VOLUNTARIA:
Kawkhacamas aca c'awnajj mama?
ROSITA:
Pheska pataccamaw mama.
VOLUNTARIA:
Waliquiw mama, acajj kollkejj mama.
ROSITA:
Waliquiw mama, jichhajj sarawayjja mama,
jiquisiacama.
VOLUNTARIA:
Jiquisificamay mama.
Navajj arumanthejj
yap luririw sarani.
1255
LE53ON xITT
Vocabulary
Tunca quillsanirjeccinna
Arunaca
iquiiza
frazada, dormir
blanket, to sleep
kapuiia
hilar
to spin
kharayp'u
maf.ana por la tarde
tomorrow afternoon
phajjsi
mes, luna
month, moon
poncho
poh6ho
poncho
qharOa
degollaz
to behead
samaraha
descansar
tospet
sawufia
tejer
to eave
t!arwa,.t'awra
lana'
to take care, to
see
'ebidar, ver
unjafia
uyu
canch6n, corral
yard, corral
uywa uyu
corral, del ganado
corral, barnywA
Grammar - Suma parla:iatacui
I.
The infinitive of the punctual verl- can functioa,as a noun' indicating
necessity for or abilitY to complete the action, or the act itself:
e.g.
mank!anaila 'my eating, my need to eat'
' there is there food for buying
(i.e., which can be bought)'
Mank'anaua '(This) is for eating.'
Sarailawa '(It is necessary) to go.'
The addition of a pronominal suffix with -wa creates a verb 'need to...'
mank'aiaajjawa Lit. 'my need to eat' = '1 must eat'
In interrogative statements, the -r()
s replaced by interrogative
-s(a); -s(a) is affixed to the last cr1Lponent of the interrogative clause:
e.g.
Payanii_lcun lurafialialatata Pablo? 'Se...or Pablo, what do I
need to do?'
you)
need to go tomorrow morning?'
JumgmiLicalssugumgjs arumantheijay 'Where do you
The tense of the verb form may be determined by the adverb used in the
statement, or from the context:
e.g. with imtir domingojj, arumanthei4 = future
with lichhaii.= present (durative, punctual), etc.
126
LESSON XIII - Grammar
Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + infinitive ending + possessive pronominal suffix + -wa.
Conjugation:
1
mank'afiajjawa
mank'ailasawa
mank'apjjaiiasawa
mank'ardjaeiajjawa
2
mank'aiiamawa
mank'anjjaifamdwa
3
manklaaiapawa
mank'apjjailapawa
N.B.
The subject of the verb can be expressed by nayajj or nayanjj.
In the case of nayanjj, -n- has the meaning of 'in' (i.e., 'in me lies the
obligation, the necessity').
II.
With -3,11, the subject always lacks -n-.
In Chapter I it was stated that adjectives of two syllables may not lose
their final vowel in sentence mediil position: e.g. suma.
Adverbs
comprising only two syllables may lose their final vowel when they are
placed before the verb:
e.g.
Jumanacajj aymar sum yatekapjiailamawa = 'You (pl.) need to
learn Aymara well.'
127
LESSON XIII
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuaa
M.
Joseajj yap lurafiapawa.
E.
Joseajj yap luraaapawa.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj yap lurafiajjawa.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj yap lurafiasawa.
M.
walja is eajjsifiasawa.
E.
Jiwasajj waija is t'ajjsiiIasawa.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj waija is t'ajjsipjj&ipjjawa.
M.
c'awnamp aychamp alapjjaiajjawa
E.
Nanacajj waija c'awnamp.ayehamp alapjjaiiajjawa..
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj waija Oawnamp aychamp alapjjailamawa..
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj walja eawnamp aychamp. alaiiamawa.
M.
utamp chacamp asquichafiamawa
E.... Jumajj utamp chacamp asquichaliamawa.
jiwasanacajj
"
E.
Jiwasanacajj utamp chacamp asquichapjjailasawa.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj .utamp chacampasquicheapawa.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj utamp chacamp asquichapjjarapawa.
M.
chtoke yap kbech'apjjeapawa
E.
Jupanacajj choke yap khech'apjjeapawa.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj Woke yap khech'aaajjaw.a...
3.28
LESSON XIII - Substitution Drill
M.
Mamajjajj m1 suma ponch sawufiapawa.
E.
Mamajjajj ma suma ponch sawufiapawa.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj ma suma ponch sawufiajjawa.
M.
arumanthejj jumajj
E.
Jumajj arumanthejj, ma suma ponch sawufiamawa.
M.
walja ch'iyar eawr kapufiamawa
E.
Jumajj arumanthejj, walja ch'iyar eawr kapufiamawa.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasaj j arumanthejj, walja ch'iyar eawr kapufiasawa.
M.
nanacajj jutir lunesajj
E.
Nanacajj jutir lunesajj, walja ch'iyIr t'awr kapupjjafiajjawa.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj jutir lunesajj, walja ch'iyar eawr kapupjjafiasawa.
ovejanac qharipjjeasawa
M.
E.
Jiwasanacajj jutir lunesajj, walja liq'i ovejanac qharipjjafiasawa.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj jutir lunesajj, walja liq'i ovejanac qharifiajjawa.
M.
wawanacajjajj, wanc'unacar mank' churapjjafiapawa.
E.
Wawanacajjajj jutir lunesajj, wanc'unacar mank' churapjjafiapawa.
M.
Josean wawanacapajj
E.
Josean wawanacapajj jutir lunesajj, wanc'unacar mank' churapjjelapawa.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj jutir lunesajj, wanc'unacar mank' churapjjafiajjawa.
M.
tata Enriquen vacanacap awatipjjaaajjawa.
E.
Nanacajj jutir lunesajj, tata Enriquen vacanacap awatipjjafiajjawa.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj jutir lunesajj, tata Enriquen vacanacap awatipjjeamawa.
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131
LESSON XIII
Completion drill - Arunac phokachaia
Supply the appropriate form of the verb in parentheses.
1
Nayajj jutir domingojj pelot anatir canch
aarafiajjawa
(sara a)
2
Jumaj j arumanthejj tioman utap lurir
lurafiamaga
(1=afia)
.
3
Jupajj qhaya jisc'a chac sum
11.1.11.1.1011114
(nsquichana)
asquichaaapl7a
4
Jiwasajj tatasan utap yap khech'ir
5
Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj ovej
6
Nanacajj jutir phajjsejj walja wanc'unac
aljanjjaaajjaue
7
Jumanacajj jutir phajjsejj walja chawlianac
4catufi
Jupanacajj kharUrojj eugha vacanac kol
catupjjaCianuda
8
(jutafia)
_.(qharifia)
jutafiasm7a
qharipjjafiasawa
awatipjjaaapawa
(awati,a)
1
Ilayajj arumanthejj jilajjan.qhuchip
2
Jumajj jutir martesajj pelot anatir
qhari-isjjew,
(qharir.a)
sareamawa
(sarana)
3
Jupajj kharUrojj Pedrcn phuchapamp
4
f
(thckoa;
.
Jiwasajj jutir domingojj tatasan yapup
thokonaparu
.
luiafiasawa
(lurai-la)
Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj tata Enriquen merh'e
utap
(asquichaia)
asquichapjjafiasawP
6
Nanacajj kharUrojj mama Parian k'afiu isinacap
t'ajjsipjjai-.ajjaw.
7
(Cajjsina)
Jumanacajj jutir viernesajj, tata Josean wawap
5
jaripjjai'.adiawa
(jarina)
8
Jupanacajj jutir miercolesajj, mama Susanan kawrap
.
awatipjjaila&awE.
(awati6a)
1
Arumanthejj nayajj wanc'unacar manic'
2
Jutir lunesajj jumajj tatasan vacap
3
Arumanthejj tata Enriquejj Chuquiag machak
isinac alir
4
(churana)
(avatifia)
.(sarana)
churanajjawa
awatihamawa
sarafiapawa
KharUrojj jiwasajj tata Pablon merk'e utap
asquichafiasawa
(asquichalm)
5
Jutir domingojj nayamp jumanacampejj qhuch
qharipjjanasawa
(qharifia)
6
Jutir phajjsejj nayamp warmejjampejj tatajjan
ponchop
.(sawaba)
sawupjjaftajjawa
132
LESSON XIII - Completion Drill
7
RharayWojj jumamp jupanacampejj walja cartanac
kellkapjjafiamawa
.(kellkafia)
8
Kharayp'ojj Susanamp, Mariamp, Rositampejj
(churana)
chhiwchhinacar um
churapjjafiapawa
II.1 Nayanjj arumanthejj tata Josean vacap
2
Jumanjj arumanthejj
(awatifia)
awatihajjawa
khech'eamawa
jilaman ch'oke yapup
(khech'afia)
3
Jupanjj kharlirojj Davidan warmipar sawua
.
(YaTliTTE)
yanapanapawa
4
Jiwasanjj jutir phajjsejj pelot anatir marc
sarahasawa
(sarafia)
5
Jiwasanacanjj jutir phajjsejj aymar sum
(yatekaha)
6
Nanacanjj kharayp'ojj mama Rositar uywanacar mank'
churafi
yatekapjjahasawa
yanapapjjafiajjawa
.(yanapafia)
7
Jumanacanjj jichhajj
tata Juanar cart
(kellkm6a)
8
Jupanacanjj jichhajj
machak isinac
kellkapjjahamawa
alapjjafiapawa
(aljaha)
1
Jutir phajjsejj nayanjj
tatajjan marcap
saranaj j awa
(saraha)
2
Jutir semanajj jumanjj
amigoman utap visitir
jutaftamawa
(jutaha)
3
Kharilrojj tata Pedronjj
..khechtahapawa
apill yap
(khech'ana)
4
Arumanthejj jiwasanjj. tata Andresar uywa
uy picha.
5
.
Jichhajj nayamp jumanacampejj qhaya kot chawll
catur
6
yanapahasawa
(yanapaa)
sarapjjanasawa
.(saraha)
Jichhajj nayamp jupanacampejj
thac asquichir
sarapjjahajjawa
(sararia)
7
Jichhajj jumamp jupanacampejj
vacap
8
.
tata Domingon
(qhariii.a)
Jichhajj Joseamp, Aifredomp, Mariampejj
(samaraaa)
gharipj
samarapjjaiiapa
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134
LESSON XIII - Questions and Answers
Positive
Joseampejj cun lurapjjafiapas arumanthejja?
M.
Tata Mariomp
E.
Jupanacajj
M.
Mama Mariamp
E.
Jupanacajj
N.
Jumamp phuchamampejj cun lurapjjailamas jutir phajjsejja?
E.
Nanacajj
N.
Nayajj cun lurafiajjas jichhajja?
E.
Jumajj
M.
Cawc jutafiapas tata Pedronjja?
E.
Tata Pedronjj
tunca pheskan qhuchinac qharipjjafiapawa.
Rositampejj cawc sarapjjanapas jutir domingojja?
k'a u isinac t raj j sir, qhaya jach'a jawir sarapjjahapawa.
Susanan utap thokor sarapjjanajjawa.
jilaman merkee isinacap ch'ucuaamawa.
qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis, uca jank'o ut jutanapawa.
low
apt
M.
Cawc sarapjjaiiamas jumanacan jutir phajjsejja?
E.
Nanacanjj jutir phajjsejj, Argentin sarapjjaftajjawa.
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA MARIAMP MAMA TERESANPEJJ MARC SARA= MUNAPJJE
Maria:
Mama Teresa, jichhHrojji jumajj marc saratati?
Teresa:
Janiw sarcat mama.
Cunata ?2 Nayajj jumampiw marc saran munta.
T:
Janiw mama jichhurojj sarcHti,phuchajjaw wali usuta, jupar
yanapafiajjawa.
saastiP
M:
Ay ucaw mama, qhitimpirac
T:
Cullacajjamp saram, jupaw saran munasqui.
M:
Waliquiw mama, uqhamajj5 cullacaman utap sarH.
Sarawayjg
(Mariajj Teresan cullacapan utap sari)
M:
Mama Elena, cuns lurasctajja?
E:
Ay mama Maria, nayajj marc sara;1 munta, ucampis
saran
6
janiw qhitity,-u
7
puedcti ,janit jumajj Earatajja?
135
LESSON XIII - Dialogue
8
Ucaruw
M:
nayajj jutte, rayajj callacamampiw oarsrl munta, uc3m?!..0
jupajj jichhilrojj janiw sarcaniti. Jupan phuchapaw usuta uc
10
mama Elena.
SarafiHniy
ufijaaapawa.
Waliquiwa, saraatini, cunanacs alanYtajja?
E:
11
T'ant'a, choke, aycha, arroza, azucaia take ucanac
12
alaniaajjawa, jumasti?
Nayajj uqhamaraquiwa.
E:
13
Uqhamajj jin sarafidni.
14
NOTES
1
jichhliru 'today'
2
cunata 'why;' lit. 'what' - 'by.'
3 shillrairac 'with whom.'
qhiti
mpi
rac
4
saram 'come.'
'who'
'with'
'also'
Imperative singular.
The imperative can be formed by adding the suffix
infinitive
e.g.
to the
stem; in the plural, the infix -Rik- is added:
'Go to the school.' (sg.)
Escuelar saram.
Egs2.21Essamujiam.
'Go to the school.'
(pl.)
koneasiba 'to sit down'ikont'arlim 'sit down'
5
uqhama 'sor thus, like that'
6
ucampis 'but'
7
puedcti '1 can't:' from anestala (Sp. ;coder; puedo)
8
ucaruw 'for that (reason)'; uca 'that'
9
uc;
10
contraction of uca.
sarananiy 'let's go then':
711A) 'then'
'What things (lit. 'whats') are.you going to buy?'
11 cmanassalagsails.?
(N.B.
The 1st person dual form in the future also
functions as an imperative form.
emphasizes the future progressive quality:
possibly the
!gOing to buy' in the future. ''Cf. Lesson VI.)
12
take ucanac 'all those things.'
13
ushan._1.atag3.Iwa ' also'
14
jin sareani 'let's go.'
.
take
ncana(cOthose things'
u hams. 'so' ; ragui 'also.'
jina 'let's go'.
136
LESSON XIII - Dialogue
Mama.nmamalMariai-taraiwarla""e
M:
Buenos dias mama...
R:
Buenos dias mama... Jutascaquim.
M:
Camisac mama?
R:
Walic mama... Aca chekaruy kont'asim mama.2
M:
Iyaw
R:
Janiw mama, chachajjajj janiw acancquiti, jupajj Chuquiag sari.
M:
Wawamajj utjiti?
R:
JYs mama, quimsaniwa.
M:
Cawquinquis wawanacamajja?
R:
JilYrejj escuelancasquiwa.
TaypYrejj ovej awatiriw awichapan tap sari.
Sullcasti qhaya jawiran anatasqui.
3
1
mama... Mama, chacb.satajj acancasquit.L ?4
Ay mama, nayajj c' awn alasti munta, cawqhans c'awnajj utji?
C'awnajj qhaya jisc'a jank'o utan utji.
R:
Kawkhacamas c'awnajj aca estancian cuesti?
Pheska pataccamawa.
R:
Qhaya utan anojj utjiti?
J!s mama, utjiwa, ucampis janiw achjquiti.6
R:
Uqhamajj sarawayjja mama, jiquisi,cam mama.
Waliquiw mama, jiquisiiicam mama.
R:
NOTES
1
Jutascaguis 'come on in.'
The imperative can be formed from a durative
verb; in such cases, the suffixes gui 'only' may be added.
2
Aca chekaruy koneasim.'Sit down in this place;!
koneasiia takes the preposition ru
cheka 'sure; direction; place'
3 Iya 'all right.'
4
acancanaiacancascafia 'to be here'
5 iigri 'oldest one.'
Cf. Grammar, Lesson IV.
taypiri 'middle one.'
sullca 'youngest.'
Cf. notes for story, Lesson XI.
6
achiaia 'to bite.'
137
LESSON XIV - Tunca_pusinir lecciona
camisa
camisa
shirt
chamara/saco (sacu)
saco, palet6
sack, coat
ch'ajjch'uquipata/chlajj-
rociar
to sprinkle
tener flojera
to Le lazy
reir
to laugh
llaquisina
tener pena
to be sad
llucheu
gorro
cap
pankara
flor
flower
sartafia
levantarse
to get up
sombrero (sumiru)
sombrero
hat
sumafia
ser bueno
to be nice
yatichaina ET.u]
enseiiar
to teach
ch'oquipaiia
jayrasilia
Grammar - Suma oarlaaaraqui,
Negative necessity:
infinitive stem + (plural infix) + possessive
infinitive ending +
pronominal suffix +:(lengthening of 1;owel)
t' aj
j
2"4,
t °3ilSLPyBnG4jii ::
t' aai isunasRquiti
sLaitsszilliiiloicuit
t'ajjsuhamgquiti
t' aj
negative Janiw may occur .directly ,after
the subject or
directly before the verb:
e.g.
Easii_cmRnisam19±-id alasinaijaquiti.
'I don't have to buy a shirt or hat.'
Emajj janiw mamaj jar vanapanajjaquiti.
'I don't have to help
my mother.'
In the negative, Rudimentos distinguishes between%ability (marked by
the contracted negative -ID and possibility (marked by the expanded
negative - Vquiti):
Janiw mank'airti '(This) is not for eating.'
Janiw mank'anaquiti '(This) must not be eaten.'
II.
Reflexive - reciprocal particle
e.g.
Cf. discussion of grammar, LessonVl.
jarila 'to wash4arisiaa 'to wash oneself.
13.agui i.a. 'to be sad (about someone)illaquisina 'to be sad.'
In some pairs, the meaning of the -Ai- is no longer very apparent:
laruia/larusifia 'to laugh'
138
LESSON XIV
Substitution
Wasa arunac uscufia
M.
Joseajj janiw yap luraFlapaquiti.
E.
Joseajj janiw yap lurafiapgquiti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj janiw yap lurafiajjgquiti.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj janiw yap lurafiasgquiti
M.
walja is eajjsifiasgquiti
E.
Jiwasajj janiw walja is eajjsifiasNquiti.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj janiw walja is eajjsipjjafiajjNquiti.
M.
c'awnamp aychamp aljapjjaf,ajjNquiti
E.
Nanacajj janiw c'awnamp aychamp aljapjjaajjaquiti.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj janiw c'awnamp aychamp aljapjjaiIam%quiti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj janiw c'awnamp aychamp aljaLamgquiti.
M.
utamp chacamp asquicha;:amgquiti
E.
Jumajj janiw utamp chacamp asquichafiamgquiti.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj janiw utamp chacamp asquichapjjafiasNquiti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jupajj janiw utamp chacamp asquichafiapNquiti.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj janiw utamp chacamp asquichapjjaliapaquiti.
M.
ch'oke yap khech'apjjafiapaquiti
E.
Jupanacajj janiw ch'oke yap khech'apjjeapgquiti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj janiw choke yap khech'aFajjgquiti.
r-
6CT
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gm sums tpuod mTusc .T4TnbEmeunmes
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g
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02
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mpler epram Tsbn peuepailo -T4TrIbEffeuzieqb
mTuer vftem TibTT OBUEPOAO .T4Tnbreutarqb
UVOSOf PCBdeopusloic
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et4TnbEdelluiqdprqb
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oluum .T4TnbldeyWdeingp
masor predupeuvvra
Pcatiluemnie
mTuup avouunsouum opium
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PCepullumnp
.g
gemmumnr
ffeglumunie
ATuuC avoeunouem opium .T4Tnbire-defpluingo
ppeituu
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ppeAriq Pcalpumunie
mTuec avaeunsouem
.T4TnbEcpouvingo
0171
NOSSH1 Aix - uoT3n3T3sqns
map
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queAum IT314 qescceqd
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g
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alloitio
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de& aTiqoaqx T3TnbEccull3nr
mTueP elosup deA aTopetm *T3TnbRseue34
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*g
g
g
6N
CCuesemu PCetpuumnau nTuec
mum
ueTaeN doaeaqmos
*T;TnbRse-..7,etioTnbse
Crueoeuumnp
crueoeuumnr cCemuumnau emem ueTauN doaeaqmos mTueC
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Prueouuesumg aptIP quaum
g
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N
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ca
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aeini mTuer
e:JIT
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muer
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uoT3n4-Rs.qrtS ITTaa
614
qv/cum fpadituautm mTuec T3Tnivcce-InauT
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N
utpuelp 34TnbRgeuri3nitp.oruTsT
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dmeiCem ffadmetunC CroidAuxeqx
6N
PPmeqpntid
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Cpwetiontia
Uoldkeimpi
cCeotruemnC
ppeipmc
nprec
mpump
peuTsT smnbEseunonatio
mTirep villue44 ovuTsT 6T4Tnbgduunonatio
63
ppeoullemni ppetploTC mTuec epuetil ouuTsT 6T4Tnivmm:eCrdnonalp
'N
iumke Imia4e4 mnbgmeuuccdTsuiAef
a
Freormemnr CpetitioTC
T3TnbwreuurpTselLer
mTupp ;make
cceoPuesemTp
3
N
a
ppeoeuesumTr ppetploTp mTuec amike uuqaTeA T4TniveueccdTgeakec
qydrif
mplec iemke
ccedu rcetitmc
14
netpum ouuTsT
.a
Udenr ccumpTC
6N
fpouued4
a
Nepuuedu
ip,
6T4Tnblide.,:tsvaker
geTnbnto -mnbtdeuelvs
mTuec
pplitinc
T4Tnbgde!4effdexes
,2LexaTelt
%mom
F mpte
ouuTsT
lupum
ane SeTnbm mnbwieuexes
vetrysT
ane
2eTnbnlio
cpekeu
UsuteN cpelltmc
611
dmemnC rfedurekeu
63
dutemnf
apiec xetipta peuTsT
Cps:1=km fpelppg mTuug
'am
:ppm
SeTnbntio
ouuTsT arry
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geTnbnto
.
.
6-mnbRgetreays
ZI7T
sari MOS AIX
uoT3aidmop TITIP
'I
c portrellin c 6
c cuweivq, C T 44BOBUBSEMTc rcEDEUEU
(ccsoruednp
cpAvti dmaspaso dmoiaiqmos
gaunt')
9.1U) (eats
Lap,tec
gC*Peosuasemr Cceasueu
Peseta!
Pedn c
ccgoeumin
c
(u!ns
13) Cy
cPeAels1 MTUVP OBUTST
ceucnr) p C' pedn c
z
surosn
VSEM aEUn1E
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(epTsTnbeTT).
ccemni kquec
(anTsnisi)
p copeuman c
6
pcvnTsTnbuti T3TnbN
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ppednr mTuec aeosuorracteo exuem
(smarm)
ccusBmT1 Mtuec
Nui
) s Argive e
ruins Tnb-f
peveues.em-Fr g p /qua
ispeuetian alum
(erinto)
ppeortremnr viTuer sat2u.T
C LAT=
musc
ffue4N, Cratilumunie
uappeTTC
414=0
(stcciatib)
[Natant iT3nC gesalasm
t4:Fuac
C
IT3n pp:auTmop
ffueosuesemTr aptIC gopacres riTuuc
(swamps)
aprq
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.
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pctre3Bueumr &Crimp' cc()
p mitre
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Ppovuednr LTatilustanis tiquer
4eFe -p-cnbR
n:yezl zauTsT
(EuTscce,3)*
'
mnbrideqoxotil
miler ussals4 dndati
(eyeani)
pcueoeuem
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(auolio.q4)
Ccueswqr
T4Tnbnpfelgastib
.3oiad /paw
riTuaC
(emeass)
quedni ccoinietix
pleintp C T4Tnbnsette
(agridex) T4TnbilPpepappdndex
(RIPTIRd) Plataad Tcnt:Timeire
snit caT C q.T.nbEdepe
(auT..stuat)
cpszeum kqueC Imp o
dnr cE3Bue C
T2TnbRseurtmes
=pew
..bEtarpaccdTscce
xed.einekt
(TIOTI80°
T1TilblidsecrdTier
MOSSTI AIX - uoTletdmo3
Tipp
(uuTsete)* T4TnbHcceuccere
Cptpuemniv CcueAeu mTuec peueaexued
ffoidAeleu Cruemnc mTueC uemeTTr
mnbfimenrylegb
deinuyi
(epTautib)
Ccoaveu
cCuednc
mTueC xevem oeuTsT 4ITTe
foam
T1Tandevries
(el...rules)*
aprif cco2uTmop cCuesemTp
mTuec
=sem
dndeA
mnbRseprini
(elleanT)*
Umpuemniv dmeAuu Pladmeoeuemnp mTuec esmTnb
(evTaellb).
14=0
apnf pco2uTmop dmeAeu ccadmepeurdnp mTuec dt&
T3TnbRseneccdpeqb
T4Tabgpeueccdeltipaqx
(eue1tioaqx)0
apnc gascreqd
mTuec layo
dmemnr Ccadmeoeuednf
mnbEmeuecgdeNTTax
(emBATTeA)*
goidAvaeqx dthuTaeN ccadme441ey
opium
mTuec leaeuedTTea
mnbRdemuCcdeintio
(epuintio)*
suoT4sanb pue siamsuv 0/44y2aN
'14
-
0.-6171V5fgq5-711
e4ey usor ['cowman/9' leueTTP duA meinT alemeuedzueA
SEMtuef ATuec T4TribEccell.edeueA
la
emeN geTarg CCemezeunp aercemem sT
a
emTuer
la
pTAva dmemnp. ccadmemTmaum duS 02emeurUdeinT
wiTuer ATuep 0T4Tnbaceuecrdeini queoeuva peuTsT .umuppeueprdnonitio
N
euvroiep ppetrpTc ccuumnC lememum LT3emewpec
nTuep .T4TnbRdeedBuvA
gemTuef mTueP .T4TnbgTeTiTivp
fCeseavy Ppeggog eAseqd
.a
ccurldnf Diem
emedegeies
Cpue4eN rivauuemAn .pmeccepeingooluum
peuTtIontib
4emTuer mTuer *T4TnbEdepTiegb
04edeljedeueA
LT4ede4Tiegb
cpuednr azde4e4 deA peani -emedeuudeueA
PcuezeueN ekeqb eigoec Dego mecCeueppegoTnbse
4emTuer tiTuer T4Ta4meuercdetioTnbse
.N
dmeuesns qadmeTieN peunourem
.3
4emTuer mTuec .T4TnbEdefteppecie
14
CCaukeN iNATIT43
.3
4emTuer mTuec 14Tnbemerdex
imeo
crueovuetunf exemegercdviemes
04edeuppecTe
crueoeuedni gouod -emedeueffdnmes
iTlerreundel
cCuemnr leTanosa -ememeueles
144
LESSON XIV - Completion drill
M.
Jumanacanjj k'a.0 isinac t'ajjsir jawir jutapjjafiamati?
E.
Janiwa, janiw jutapjjeajjHquiti.
Nanacanjj kawr awatir
jutapjjanajjawa.
M.
Jutir sabadojj samarapjjafiamati?
E.
Janiwa, janiw samarapjjafiajjaquiti.
M.
Jutir domingojj tioman utap thokor saraflamati?
E.
Janiwa, janiw sarafiajjHquiti.
asquichafiajjawa.
M.
Jiwasanacanjj peiot anatir sarapjjafiasati?
E.
Janiwa, janiw sarapjjafiasHquiti.
khech'apjjafiasawa.
M.
Pedrojj vacanac awatiflapati?
E.
Janiwa, janiw awatifiapHquiti.
Nanacanjj aymar yatekapjjafiajjawa.
Nayanjj cullacajjan utap
Jiwasanacanjj Woke yap
Jupanjj phuchapan iquif"ap
t'ajjsifiapawa.
M.
Jiwasanjj chawll catur sarapjjafiasati?
E.
Janiwa, janiw sarapjjafiasaquiti.
Jiwasanjj Marian wawapar jarifiasawa.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA JOSEAJJ ESPOSAPAMPIW PARLI
Jose:
Maria, utasajj wali sumawa, ucampis cocinasajj k'afiuwa.
Arumanthejj nayajj cocin pichafi munta, janiw oficin sarcHti.
Maria: Arumanthejj nayajj is eajjsinajjawa, janiw jumar ut pichafi
yanapafiajjHquiti.
Qhitimpis pichiltajja?
1
J:
Uqhamajj tata Alfredompiw pichH, cunalaycutej j
janiw cuns lukcaniti.
M:
Kawkha koliks jiipar churatajja?
J:
PH tunc quimsakallkon warank churH, waliquiti?
M:
Janiw waliquiti, jupajj sojjta wawanacaniwa,
warank kollk churaPamawa.
J:
Uqhamajj quimsa tunc warank kollk churg.
2'
M:
J:
jupajj arumanthejj
quimsa tunc
Jose, jutir domingojj janiw iglesia sarcUti, cunalaycutejj
Marian utap visitir sarafiajjawa.
Jumajj yap lurafiamati?
Janiwa, janiw lurafiajjHquiti, ucampis qhaya marc saranajjawa.
Acajj mank'ajj Jose, mank'afi muntati?
145
LESSON XIV - Dialogue
J:
JYsa, cunanacas3 utji?
N:
C'awna, aycha, arroz, cawqars muntajja ?4
T.
Aychamp arrozamp munta.
M:
C'awn muntati?
J:
C'awnajj jichhajj janiw mank'ailajjaquiti.
ucampis arumanthiw mank'a.
Waliquiwa, ualiquiwa.
NOTES
I
cunalaycuti 'because':
cuna 'what!; laycu 'fore; -ti interrogative
This is the first example of -ti followed by the -iia
marker,
particle.
2
wawanacaniwa 'he has six children.'
-ni- suffix of possession, followed by personal findings:
wawanacanit(u)wa
wawanacanitawa
'I have children'
'You have children'
wawanacaniwa 'He has children'
etc.
cf. Grammar, Lesson IV.
3
cunanaca 'things'
4
cawquirs muntajia?
'Which do you want?'
=
object cawqu!rs from full form cawauiris(a)
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA JOSEAJJ UT PICHAD' MAMMA MARIAR YATICHI
Jose:
Mama Maria, aca utamajj wall sumawa, ucampis nayajj
jumarojj yatichan munsma jue'amp sumaaapataqui.
Maria:
Canach
munta.
J:
Sapa uruw jumajj utam pishasinama,
cunayman usunacaw sarti.
M:
Cunams pichafiajjawa?6
J:
Nayrakatajj ma juc'a umamp ch'ajjch'oquipatamawa, ucatsti
juc'a ratotjja pichanamp pichanamawa./
in
M:
Cunataquis umampejj ch'ajjch'oquipailajja?8
2
tata Jose?
Yaticht'itay3tata, nayajj jueamp yatekafi
4
cunalaycutejj k'afiunacatjja
146
9
J:
Jan lak'a sartaiapataqui.
M:
Waliquiw tata Jose, jichherut ucsarojj nayajj uqhem lure,
10
pichasipjja7apataqui.
mayninacaruw yaticharaquY utanacap sum
J:
Waliquiw mama Maria, nayajj jutir semanaw jute ucat juc'amp
yaticharaquYma me suma uta ufijasir mama tucufiamataqui.11
M:
Yuspagar tata Jose, uqhemajj jutir semanaw suyema.
J:
Sarawayjje mama Maria, jiquisificama.
M:
Saraquimay tata Jose, jiquisificama.
12
NOTES
ucampis... 'but I want to teach you in order that it be better.'
1
munsma 'I want' plus pronominal object 'you.'
juc'ampi 'more' (iusla 'a little')
sumefiapataqui, lit. 'for the sake of its being good':
infinitive - possessive suffix - taqui.
(suma 'good;' sumefia 'to be nice, good'
(said of things)
-1-euxi 'in order that, for the sake of')
2
cunacha? 'what is it?'
3
Imperative :
4
sapa 'each'
-cha particle indicates doubt or indecision.
'teach me'
pichasifia 'to sweep (for oneself)'; cf. pichafis 'to sweep.'
5
cunalaycutejj... 'because from filthiness all kinds ofillneses arise'
Vali 'dirty, dirtiness'; k'afiunaca pl.
-ti ja 'by, by means of (-147 manner suffix plus -ill suffix)
cunaymani 'every kind'
usu
usunaca pl.
sartafia 'to arise'
6
cunems 'how;' contraction of cunamas (also cunjamas)
7
navrakata 'first;' ch'aijch'oquipafia 'to.sprinkle;' ucatsti 'and th...10
me juc'a ratotAja 'in a little while' (-ta 'from;' Sp. rata 'moment');
pichgfia 'broom'
8
cunataquis 'for what' Cf. above, No. 1.
147
NOTES (continued)
9
'So that the dust doesn't rise.'
lak'a 'dust; ground.'
sartabapa?taqui:
Cf above, No. 1.
The negative' in order that - not'
is formed by the addition of the contracted negative ian:
clan sarafiapataqui 'so that it not rise' (lit., 'in order for its
not rising')
10
'Good, from tomorrow on I will do that, and I'll also teach the
others so that they sweep their houses well.'
lichlitirut 'from tomorrow': -ta 'from;' ucsara 'on that side;'
Eaminacaruw 'to the others (mavni 'one' plus -naca plural);
vaticharaquM = 1st person sg. future vatichY
-rasAi7 'also'.
The infix raaui is attached to the last vowel of the verb stem
(yat:icha -) and the future endings follow the -raqui-
Pichasipjiafiapataqui, lit., 'for the sake of their cleaning.' Cf.
No. 1 above.
11
'Fine, dona Maria, next week I'll come, then I'll teach you more
so that you can become a good mistress of the house (housekeeper).'
malkharaouima 'I'll also teach you.'
tjtaj&asi 'mistress of the house ;' ktiafia 'to see, take care
of
u0asiri 'one who takes care'
t_ ucufia 'to finish; become' (takes ru.in the latter meaning).
12
waelltanl 'thank you ; infinitive vuspaarana 'to thank (someone)'
I
swam 'I'11
expect you'; infinitive suvafia 'to wait for, expect'
148
LESSON XV - Tunca
Vocabulary
heskanir lecciona
Arunaca
ajanu
caru
face
ampara
mano
hand
ampar luc'ana
(luc'ana - finger)
dedo de la mano
finger
Wjarla
tener timbre
to be hungry
callachi
hombro
shoulder
cayu
pie, pierna
leg, foot
cayu luc'ana
dedo .de la, pie
toe
cunca
cuello
neck
chuyma
corazOn
heart
iqui (iqui purtia be sleepy)
suefio
dream
jallu
lluvia
rain
jifichu
oreja
ear
jiqhani
espalda
back (body)
jurintaida
mojai
to wet
karjafia
caviar
to tire.
konkori
*rodilla
knee
lupi
brill "o' del sol
sunshine
lupjaiia
sentir'calor del sol
mallkta.
nasa
gargant
to feel the heat of
the sun
throat
nariz
'nose
nayra
ojo
eye.
puraca
est6majo
stomach
purifia (+ ru)
llegar
to arrive
pharjaha
tener sed
to be thirsty
p'eke
cabeza
head
thaya, tutuce
frio, viento
cold, wind
thayjaha
tener frio
to be cold
'sickness'
usuta (usu
'sick')
usuta
enfermar, doler
to become sick,
to feel pain
utachafla
construir
to build
149
LESSON XV
L111222g.I1SSIAILL
Grammar
I.
positive
Impersonal constructions :
pronoun
expressed by the personal
subject
is
In these constructions, the
has 'I am hungry', the
Where
English
with ru ('to me, to you' etc.).
verbs
hungry.' The impersonal
makes
me
'to
me
it
Aymara equivalent may be
three types of construction:
the
following
participate
in
may
it takes the suffix -ta
it
appears,
noun is optional; where
(a)
'manner.'
indicating 'material' or
(cf. also below III(c))
awtjafia 'to be hungry' usuna 'to hurt'
thirsty'
212gyialla 'to be
'I'm hungry'
y2L2aNaaro"(mac'at)awt..."itu
e.g.
JumarojA (umat) pharjtam
persot
04.B.
construction is
'You're thirsty'
two verbs:
also possible with the above
nayaij avtiatatwa (inf. awtiataga)
phariatafia)
navaii pharjatatwa (inf.
is
the action is beginning or
implies
that
-taVerbal infix
attached to the verb stem.
and
is
being intensified,
e.g.
thayafia
'to. become
/ thavtafia
it&be
windy'
'to lift up'
apaaa 'to carry' / aptaga
'to escape'
jalaha 'to run' / jaltaia
'to jump, spring')
thokaaa 'to dance' / thoktaha
(b)
is required.
Noun with the suffix -ta
thayaEa 'to be cold'
lulligrla 'to be hot'
e.g.
thaviaviietu
Nat
'Our heads are cold'
hot'
p'eket lupj itu 'My head is
II.
No noun is required
Kariafia 'to be tired'
e.g.
asamiLwal
karitam 'You are tired'
150
LESSON XV - Grammar
III.
Noun can take either a
statements.
permitted.
(a)
or -wa suffix in positive declarative
In negative and interrogative statements, only -lit is
(For negative, cf. Lesson XVI)
fixed noun required
iqui- purifia 'to be sleepy' (lit.,'sleep or dream
arrives')
e.g. Emaroalluktunrisa 'I am tired'
(b)
noun is optional
(thaya-) thayjafia 'to be cold'
(lupi-) lupjafia 'to be hot'
e.g.
Nanacarojj thayaw thayjapjjetu
'We are cold'
Jiwasanacarojj lupiw lupjapijestu
(c)
'We are hot'
noun not fixed but required
(Noun) usuita 'to hurt' (cf. also above I(a))
(Noun) jurintafia 'to be wet'
e.g.
Jumarojj amparajj ustam 'Your hand hurts'
Jumanacarojj jalluw jurintapiitam 'You are wet (from the rain)'
bemiLlistaliyekeji ustam 'You have a headache
now'
Conjugation of avtjafia: [stem awtj- + (plural) + endings].
dt'-itu
awC-istu
awti-apt i-estu
awti-apfj-etu
awtj-tam
atSimaLti=t-
auti-i
The third person impersonal forms are identical to the third person
punctual forms.
151
LESSON XV
Substitution Drill.- Wasa arunac uscuia
M.
Nayarojj mank'at awtjitu.
E.
Nayarojj mank'at awtjitu.
M.
jupanacarojj
E.
Jupanacarojj mank'at autjapjje.
M.
nanacarojj
E.
Nanacarojj mank'at awtjapjjetu.
M.
cullacajjarojj
E.
Cullacajjarojj mank'at awtji.
M.
Pablon wawanacaparojj
E.
Pablon wawanacaparojj mank'at awtjapjje.
M.
jiwasarojj
E.
Jiwasarojj mank'at
M.
jumampir amigomampirojj
E.
Jumampir amigomampiroji mank'at awtjapjjtam.
M.
jiwasanacarojj
E.
Jiwasanacarojj mank'at awtjapjjestu.
M.
umat pharjapjjestu
E.
Jiwasanacarojj umat pharjapjjestu.
M.
Pedrompir Joseampirojj
E.
Pedrompir Joseampirojj umat pharjapjje.
M.
jumarojj
E.
Jumarojj umat pharj tam.
M.
jilanacaj jampir cullacanacajjampirojj
E.
Jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj umat pharjapjje.
M.
Rositampir, Susanampir,Elenampirojj
E.
Rositampir, Susanampir, Elenampirojj umat pharjapjje.
M.
jumanacarojj
E.
Jumanacarojj umat pharjapjj tam.
152
LESSON XV - Substitution drill
M.
Nayarojj jalluw jurintitu.
E.
Nayarojj jalluw.jurintitu.
M.
juparojj
E.
Juparojj jalluw jurinti.
M.
nanacarojj jichhajj
E.
Nanacarojj jichhajj jalluw jurintapjjetu.
M.
jumarojj
E.
Jumarojj jichhajj jalluw jurinttam
M.
jiwasanacarojj
E.
Jiwasanacarojj jichhajj jalluw jurintapjjestu.
M.
jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj
E.
Jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj jichhajj jalluw jurintapjje.
M.
jumanacarojj
E.
Jumanacarojj jichhajj jalluw.jurintapjjtam.
M.
nayampir jumampirojj
E.
Nayampir jumampirojj jichhajj jalluw jurintistu.
M.
thayaw thayjistu
E.
Nayampir jumapirojj jichhajj thayaw thayjistu.
M.
Pablon tatapampir mamapampirojj
E.
Pablon tatapampir mamapampirojj jichhajj thayaw thayjapjje.
Mr,
jakerojj
E.
Jakerojj jichhajj thayaw thayji
M.
nanacarojj
E.
Nanacarojj jichhajj thayaw thayjapjjetu.
M.
aca liq'i waynarojj
E.
Aca liq'i waynarojj jichhajj thayaw thayji.
N.
waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj
E.
Waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj jichhajj thayaw thayjapjje.
EST
MOSSTI AX
uoT4113T4eqnS
TIPP
ffekei4 ffetitmc deb 6e4oseinT
Tem
ccoaeAeu Tem .n4Trami
.a
ppeAem ccutitmc deA cuToseinT
Tem
ffareAuu Tem .n1Trami
14
ccesEmTc
'2
ccusemIr creqqpir duA cuelosanT lean cpaesemTP Tem n4sicamt
'N
ccupeum
.a
ccepeuem cculltmc
'N
ccBccu4e4
.g
ccepplel, cputitioTr deA 6Tribseint lion cpaxednc Tem .Tpu4
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Tnbspeme
g
ffeccum
'N
TcAut13
'3
cPcPuTeI
14
ccupeueuAum
.a
cCupeueuLem cCelpinc amex "mbdTspeme
Tem
ccoiednf Tum Tcien
ppetimoTP
6TnbsTeme
cPutIllor arm%
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4em
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TUL4
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accdeccAelp
dmeasor ccadmeAeu
g
dmeasor qadmeAuu CCeimpTc imux gelodTspme
Ism
cfaxeoeueu Tem
.n4effderAutil
pep
'N
ppeoeuesemTc petitioTr
g
ccepeuesemu cputlipTC pew 411233dTseti3tnbse
uel:odTsetipplbse
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rfoieoeuesemTC Tem
.111seccduckelp
'N
dmemnp UedmumepsuepeTTno
sa
dmemnr pfedwemeoeueounno rcutitmc
ccoaeoeuemnp Tem .melqducAutil
pew
4ecre4pdTsettapbse
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dmercepeueTTF PcadmepPeoeuepuTTno
.g
141
g
dureccepeueru ffedueccupeuepeTTno pretitmr
goaupeuedric Tem eaccduCAutp
pew
"Fribdtsuippbse lean
Celan
qemnr
ffetitraTc
pew 4equlpsylmnbse
4y3n ffoiewnr Tem welcAuql
154
LESSON XV - Substitution drill
M.
Cullacajjampir nayampirojj iquiw puripjjetu.
E.
Cullacajjampir nayampirojj iquiw puripjjetu.
M.
jumampir warmimampirojj
E.
Jumampir warmimampirojj iquiw puripjj tam.
M.
jiwararojj
E.
Jiwasarojj iquiw puristu.
M.
lupiw lupjistu
E.
Jiwasarojj lupiw lupj istu.
M.
jumampir yokallanacampirojj
E.
Jumampir yokallanacampirojj lupiw lupjapjjtam.
M.
mama Rositan wawanacaparojj
E.
Mama Rositan wawanacaparojj lupiw lupjapjje.
M.
thayaw thayjapjje
E.
Mama Rositan wawanacaparojj thayaw thayjapjje.
M.
tiojjampir nayampirojj
E.
Tiojjampir nayampirojj thayaw thayjapjjetu.
M.
Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj
E.
Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj thayaw thayjapjje.
M.
umat pharjapjje
E.
Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj umat pharjapjje.
M.
nayampir jumanacampirojj
E.
Nayampir jumanacampirojj umat pharjapjjestu.
M.
p'ekew usupjjestu
E.
Nayampir jumanacampirojj p'ekew usupjjestu.
M.
nayarojj
E.
Nayarojj p'ekew usutu.
M.
jumarojj
E.
Jumarojj p'ekew ustam.
155
LESSON XV
Completion drill - 41rullesptkokachaHa
74.
Conjugate the following verbs:
(awtjaiii)
Nayarojj mank'at
(Jumarojj, juparojj, jiwasarojj, jiwasanacarojj, nanacarojj, jumanacarojj,
jupanacarojj.)
Nayarojj umat
(pharjaia).
Nayarojj iquiw
II.
(purilla)
.
Nayarojj jichhajj p'eket
.(1upida)
lupjitu
Jumarojj jichhajj p'aket
.(1upiUa)
lupltam
.(thayaila)
Juparojj jichhajj amparat
.(thaya6a)
Jiwasarojj jichhajj amparat
thayji
thayj istu
(pharja:aa) pharjapjjestu
Jiwasanacarojj jichhajj Coca Colat
Nanacarojj jichhajj p'eket
.
(thayatia)
thayjapjjetu
Jumanacarojj jichhajj ajanut
.
(thayaila)
tbayjapfjtam
.(thayana)
thayjapjja
Jupanacarojj jichhajj jiqhanit
Nayajj yap
lurascta,ucat nayarojj wal
(karjaLa)
,karjitu
Jumajj is t'ajjsisctajja,ucat jumarojj
ustam
amparaj j
pharji
Jupajj marc sarasqui,ucatjuparojj umat
(pharjafia)
Jiwasajj vac awatisctan,ucat jjwasarojj lupejj
lupjistu
(lupi,Ta)
Jiwasanacajj chawll catusipctan, ucat jiwasanacarojj
.
(tbayja-a)
thayajj
thayjapjjestu
Nanacajj yap lurasipcta,ucat nanacarojj wal
karjapjjetu
(karja,...a)
Jumanacajj wal anatasipctajja,ucat jumanacarojj
.(puri,a)
iquejj
puripjjtam
Jupanacajj ch'oke yap khech'asipqui,ucat jupanacarojj
thayjapjje
.(thayja-a)
thayajj
LESSON XV - Completion Drill
Oa
Nayarojj mank'at (awtjafia): cawqhans mank'a alasifiajj utju?
awtjitu
Jumarojj umat (pharjafia), Coca Cola muntati?
pharj tam
ltiparojj thayaw (thayjafia); samara muniti?
thayji
Jiwasarojj amparaw (usufia); samarafiasawa.
usustu
Jiwasanacarojj iquiw (purifia); samarapjjafiasawa.
puripijestu
Nanacarojj p'ekew (usgria); iquipjjafiajjawa.
usupjjeu
Jumanacarojj lupiw (lupifia); Pepsi Cola umapjjafiamawa .
lupjapjjtam
Jupanacdrojj thayaw (thaviafia); samarapjjafiapawa.
thayjapjje
mi2ALs.awsafianacaminsct'afianaca
M. Carolina, jumarojj mank'at awtjtamti?
E. JTsa, nayarojj mank'at awtjitu.
M. Tata Davidarojj mank'at awtjiti?
E. JYsa, juparojj mank'at awtji.
M. Jumampir warmimampirojj mank'at awtjapjjtamti?
E. JYsa, nanacarojj mank'at awtjapjjetu.
M. Jupanacarojj umat pharjapjjeti?
E. JYsa, jupanacarojj umat pharjapjje.
M. Jumampir jilamampirojj jallojj jurintapjjtamti?
E. JYsa, nanacarojj jurintapjjetuwa.
M. Jumarojj jallojj jurinttamti?
E. JYsa, nayarojj jurintituwa.
M. Jumarojj umat pharjtamti?
E. Jisa, nayarojj umat pharjituwa.
M. Pedrompir Juanampirojj karjapjjeti?
E. JTsa, jupanacarojj karjapjjewa.
M. Tatajjarojj thayajj thayjiti?
1
E. JYsa, juparojj thayjiwa.
M Jiwasanacarojj p'ekejj usupjjestuti?
E. JTsa, jiwasanacarojj p'ekejj usupjjestuwa.
LESSON XV - Questions and Answers
Positive
M.
Jumanacarojj lupejj lupjapjjtamti?
E.
JMsa, nanacarojj lupejj lupjapjjetuwa.
N.
Jumarojj jiqhanejj ustamti?
E.
Jisa, nayarojj jiqhanejj usutuwa.
Jumanacarojj iquejj puripjjtamti?
E.
nsa, nanacarojj iquejj puripjjetuwa.
M.
P'eket ustam?
E.
Jis tata, p'ekew usutu.
M.
Cayut ustam?
E.
Jis tata, cayuw usutu.
M.
Amparat ustam?
E.
Jis tata, anparaw usutu.
H.
Callachit ustam?
E.
Jis tata, callachiw usutu.
Nasat ustam?
E.
JMs tata, nasaw usutu.
M.
Konkorit ustam?
E.
Jis tata, konkoriw usutu.
M.
Ajanut ustam?
E.
Jis tata, ajanuw usutu.
M.
Nayrat ustam?
E.
Jis tata, nayrav usutu.
Jinchut ustam?
E.
Jis tata, jinchuw usutu.
M.
Ampar luc'anat ustam?
E.
Jis tata, ampar luc'anaw usutu.
i.
Cayu luc'anat ustam?
E.
Jis tata, tayu luc'anaw usutu.
N.
Chuymat ustam?
E.
Jis tata, chuymaw usutu.
M.
Sighanit ustam?
E.
Jis tata, jilhaniw usutu.
EL
Puracat ustam?
E.
Jis tata, puracaw usutu.
M.
Cuncat ustam?
E.
Jis tata, cuncaw usutu.
M.
Mallk'at ustam?
E.
Jis tata, mallk'aw usutu.
158
LESSON XV
Dialogue - Cuento
Andresamp Susanampiw parlaptie
Andres:
Ay mama Susana, nayarojj wal karjitu, jiniw trabajafi muncti.
Susana:
Ay ucawa...Nayarojj umat pharj itu, cawqhans umajj utji?
Umajj qhaya jach'a jawiran utji, ucampis janiw sums Womgquiti.
S:
Wittman tiojjan utap sarg, cunalaycutejj jupan utapajj
jactaquiwa.1
A:
Arumanthejj nayajj samarafiajjawa, janiw trabajafiajjgquiti,
ucampis jutir semanajj janiw samarcgti, cunalaycutejj
tata Pedror ut luran yanapafiajjawa.
S:
Waliquiw tata Andres, waliquiw tata Andres.
Kawkhas calaminajj cuesti?
A:
Mg quintal
S:
Ay, walja kollkewa.
A:
J!sa, waljawa, ucampis machak utajj sumawa.
S:
Nayarojj mank'at autjitu, cawqhans tiendajj utji?
A:
Ay Susana, tiendajj qhaya jisc'a marcan utji, saran muntati?
S:
J1sa, t'ant'amp quesomp alasifi munta.
2
calaminajj patac quimsa tuncan warankaw cuesti.
Ughgmajj saragni.
Waliquiw, sarangni.
S:
NOTES
1
jac'aquiwa 'is near.'
2
quintal-ehundred - weight'
l9
LESSON XVI - Tunca soljtanir lecciona
anka
afuera
outside
mistufia [f ru]
salir
to go out
- Suma parlanata ui
Graun
Impersonal constructions:
I.
negative
noun is optional; where it appears, it takes the suffix -ta
(a)
indicating 'material' or 'manner/
awtjana 'to be hungry'
pharjaaa 'to be thirsty'
NuarceitianiE(mank'at) aTiltiquituti
e.g.
/jaxarejijrispsinat)harjuituti
(N.B.
'I'm not hungry'
'I'm not thirsty'
A personal construction is also possible with the above
two verbs:
nayajjjaniw_pharlatacti(stisaiLtaFa)
ire
.t3anaajap_iwpharfactati
(b)
noun with the suffix -ta is required.
thayafia 'to be cold'
lupjafia 'to be hot'
e.g.
II.
Jui)arsii*icthha't.'aniw cavu luc' anat thayiouiti. 'His toe isn't
cold now.'
Jumarojj lichhaiLianiw cavu luc'anat luictamti. 'Your toe isn't
hot now.'
No noun is required
lariana 'to be tired'
e.g.
III.
EsyassjLiankjia2,a:41d.pjsj.
'I'm not tired'
Noun can take -its
(a)
fixed noun required
iqui- purina 'to be sleepy'
e.g.
Nayaroij janiw isanalmatikuSi. !I'm not sleepy now.'
160
LESSON XVI- Grammar
(b)
Noun is optional
(thaya-) thayiana 'to be cold'
(192i-) lupiana 'to be hot'
ujj1itIJichha'''umEmacaro'atiaatha?'actamtiij_i_p_. 'You're not cold
e.g.
now.'
Jumaroji janiw lupejj lupjctamti 'You're not hot.'
(c)
noun not fixed but required
(Noun) usuna 'to hurt'
(Noun) iurintatia 'to be wet'
e.g. lupanacaroaichhaalaneusuuiti..
'Their backs dou't
hurt now.'
Jichhajj jiwasanacarojj janiw jallojj 'urintapquistuti.
'The rain isn't wetting us now.'
Conjugation of phariatia in the negative:
[stem phari- + negative -c- + (plural) + endings + negative -ti]
pharj-qu-itu-ti
pharj-qu-istu-ti
phari-anny:istu-ti
pharj - ap- qu- itu -ti
phari-c-tam-ti
21911:1=1:12mtsi.
pharj-qu-i-ti
IV.
The third person impersonal forms are identical to the third
person punctual forms.
In subordinate e. avoes after ucat, the negative May be contracted to jan:
e.g.
Nayajj la, q yap lurcti, ucat nayarojj jan karjquituti.
'I didn't work the field, so I'm not tired.'
161
LESSON XVI
Substitution. Drill- Wasa arunac uscu.a
M.
Nayarojj janiw umat pharjquituti.
E.
Naygrojj janiw umat pharjquituti.
M.
jupanacarojj
E.
Jupanacarojj janiw umat pharjapquiti.
M.
nanacarojj
E.
Nanacarojj janiw umat pharjapquituti.
M.
cullacajjarojj
E.
Cullacajjarojj janiw umat pharjquiti.
M.
Pablon wawanacaparojj
E.
Pablon wawanacaparojj janiw umat pharjapquiti.
M.
jiwasarojj
E.
Jiwasarojj janiw umat pharjquistuti.
M.
jumampir amigomampirojj
E.
Jumampir amigomampirojj janiw umat pharjapctamti.
M.
jiwasanacarojj
E.
Jiwasanacarojj janiw umat pharjapquistuti.
M.
mank'at awtjapquistuti
E.
Jiwasanacarojj janiw mank'at awtjapquistuti.
M.
Pedrompir Joseampirojj
E.
Pedrompir Joseampirojj janiw mank' at awtjapquiti.
M.
jumarojj
E.
Jumarojj janiw mank'at awtjetamti.
M.
jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj
E.
Jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj janiw mank'at aNtjapquiti.
M.
Rositampir, Susanampir, Elenampirojj
E.
Rositampir, Susanampir, Elenampirojj janiw mank'at wtjapquiti.
M.
jumanacarojj
E.
Jumanacarojj janiw mank'at witjapctamti.
162
LESSON XVI - Substitution Drill
M.
Nayarojj janiw jallojj jurintquituti.
E.
Nayarojj janiw jallojj jurintquituti.
M.
juparojj
E.
Juparojj janiw jallojj jurintquiti.
M.
nanacarojj jichhajj
E.
Nanacarojj jichhajj janiw jallojj jurintapquituti.
M.
jumarojj
E.
Jumarojj jichhajj janiw jallojj jurintctamti.
M.
jiwasanacarojj
E.
Jiwasanacarojj jichhajj janiw jallojj 4urintapqui3tuti!
M.
jilanacajjampir cul1acanacajjampirojj
E.
Jilanacajjampir cullacanacajjampirojj jichhajj janiw jallojj
jurintapquiti.
M.
jumanacarojj
E.
Jumanacarojj jichhajj janiw jallojj jurintapctamti.
M.
thayajj thayjapctamti
E.
Jumanacarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjapctamti.
M.
jakenacaroji
E.
Jakenacarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjapquiti.
M.
nanacarojj
E.
Nanacarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjapquituti.
M.
aca liq'i waynarojj
E.
Aca liq'i waynarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjquiti.
M.
qhaya waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj
E.
Qhaya waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj jichhajj janiw thayajj
thayj apquiti.
M.
jumampir nayampirojj
2.
Jumampir nayampirojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjquistuti.
M.
nayarojj
E.
Nayarojj jichhajj janiw thayajj thayjquituti.
:9T
uoprilpsqns
NOSS3'I IAX
N
.H
c1
TTT
CreAeN mTuef deA 'point lean Croxekeu uer .T4rmnbrae4
rceAeN mprec deA "FloinT leon Croaekeu uer .T4rmnbraem
crusumTr
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164
LESSON XVI - Substitution Drill
M.
Phuchajjarojj janiw iquejj purquiti.
E.
Phuchajjarojj janiw iquejj purquiti.
M.
nayarojj
E.
Nayarojj janiw iquejj purquituti.
M.
jumampir warmimampirojj
E.
Jumampir warmimampirojj janiw iquejj puripctamti.
M.
cullacajjampir nayampirojj
E.
Cullacajjampir nayampirojj janiw iquejj puripquituti.
M.
lupejj lupjapquituti
E.
Cullacajjampir nayampirojj janiw lupejj lupjapquituti.
M.
jumampir yokallanacamampirojj
E.
Jumampir yokallanacamampirojj janiw lupejj lupjapctamti.
M.
mama Rositan wawanacaparojj
E.
Mama Rositan wawanacaparojj janiw lupejj lupjapquiti.
M.
jumarojj
E.
Jumarojj janiw lupejj lupjctamti.
K.
jumampir nayampirojj
E.
Jumampir nayampirojj janiw lupejj lupjquistuti.
M.
Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj
E.
Pablon yokallanacapampir imillanacapampirojj janiw lupejj
lupjapquiti.
M.
cayu luc'ananacapajj usupquiti
E.
Pablon yokallanacapampirojj janiw cayu luc'ananacapajj usupquiti.
M.
nayampir jumanacampirojj
E.
Nayampir jumanacampirojj janiw cayu luc'ananacasajj usupquistuti.
M.
jumanacarojj
E.
Jumanacarojj janiw cayu luc'ananacamajj usupctamti.
E.
nayarojj
E.
Nayarojj janiw cayu luc'ananacajjajj usquituti.
165
LESSON XVI
Completion Drill - Arunas022kas
I.
Nayarojj janiw umat_
.
(pharjafila)
(Jumarojj, juparoij, jiwasarojj, jiwasanacarojj, nanacarojj,
jumanacarojj, jupanacarojj)
.(awtjana)
Nayarojj janiw mank'at
.(purifia)
Nayarojj janiw iquejj
II.
rayajj aymar yatekascta, ucat nayarojj janiw mankiat
awtjquituti
__.(awtja:la)
Jumajj is eajjsisctajja, ucat jumarojj janiw
lupejj
lupjctamti
.(1upjai-a)
Jupajj Coca Col umasqui, ucat juparojj janiw
mankiat
.(awtjana)
awtjcuiti
Jiwasajj kawr awatisctan, ucat jiwasarojj janiw
umat
pharjquistuti
.(paarjafia)
Jiwasanacajj chawll catusipctan, ucat jiwasanacaroj
janiw
lupjapquistutil
.(1upjaaa)
Nanacajj pelot anatasipeta, ucat nanacarojj janiu
mank'at
(awtjana)
aNtjapquituti
Jumanacajj wal iouisipctajja, ucat jumanacarojj
janiw
karj apctamti
.(karjana)
Jupanacajj marc sarasipqui, ucat jupanacarojj
janiw jallojj
.(jurintana)
jurintapouiti
Jichhajj nayajj kawr awatiscta, ucat nayarojj
janiw umat
.(pharjaha)
pharj quituti
Jichhajj jumajj kot sarasctajja, ucat jumarojj
janiw manic' at
.(awtjana)
autjctemti
Jichhajj jupajj yap lurasqui, ucat juparojj janiw
p'ekejj
.(usuna)
usquiti
Jichhajj jiwasajj marc sarasctan, vat jiwasarojj
janiw umat
(pharjana)
pharjquistuti
Jichhajj jiwasanacajj aymar yatekasipctan, ucat
thayajj janiw
.(thayana)
thayjapquistuti
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LESSON XVI - Questions and Answers
Negative
M.
Jumampir jilamampirojj jallojj jurintapjjtamti?
E.
Janiwa, nanacarojj janiw jurintapquituti.
M.
Josearojj ampar iuc'ananacapajj usuti?
E.
Janiwa, juparojj jani:T usquiti,
M.
Jiwasarojj umat pharjistuti?
E.
Janiwa, jiwasarojj janiw umat pharjquistuti.
Pedrompir Juanampirojj thayajj thayjapjjeti?
E.
Janiwa, jupanacarojj janiw thayjapquiti.
M.
Jumarojj jichhajj iquejj purtamti?
E.
Janiwa, nayarojj janiw purquituti.
N.
Uarmimampir jumampirojj karjapjjtamti?
E.
Janiwa, nanacarojj janiw karjapquituti.
M.
Jiwasanacarojj cayu luc'ananacasajj usupjjestuti?
E.
Janiwa, jiwasanacarojj janiw usupquistuti.
M.
Mamajjaroji jiqhanejj usuti?
E.
Janiwa, mamajjarojj janiw usquiti.
M.
Nanacarojj jallojj jurintapjjetuti?
E.
Jariwa, jumanacarojj janiw jurintapctamti.
M.
Tata Davidarojj mank'at anjiti?
E.
Janiwa, juparojj janiw aWtjquiti.
M.
Jumampir awichamampirojj umat pharjapjjtamti?
E.
Janiwa, nanacarojj janiw pharjapouituti.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA MARCOSAMP TATA LUCASANPEJJ KOTANCAPJJEWAL
Marcos:
Tata Lucasa, nayarojj wal thayjitu, jumarojj thayjtamti?
Lucas:
Nayarojj janiw thayjquituti, ucampis nayarojj mank'at avtjitu.
M:
Acajj ma jisc'a eant'ajj, muntati?
L:
JYs tata Marcos.
M:
Jis tata Lucas, nayarojj wal thayjit u.
L:
Aca kotajj wall thayawa, utasar saran asawa.
M:
Jisa, ucampis chawll catuffasawa.
Acajj ma ponchojj, jumajj muntati?
168
LESSON XVI - Dialogue
L:
Tata Marcos, jalluw juti, utar sarafigni,2 khariirdw wasitat3
chawli caturejj jutaiigni.
M:
Uqhgmajj sarafigni.
thayjituwa.
Nayajj waija chawli catu: munta, ucampis
.
L:
Qhitis qhayajja?
M:
Tata Enriquen yokapawe.
L:
Cuns lurasqui?
M:
Chawll catusqui. Jutir domingojj jupajj marc sarani,
cunalaycutejj wawanacapajj iglesiar sarapjjafiapawa.
L:
Ay tata Marcos, nayajj jichhajj utajjar sarg, arumanthiw
wasitat saratigni, waliquiti?
M:
nsa, waliquiwa.
NOTES
1
Infinitive kotancaira 'to be at the lake'
2
'Let us go': future
3
Wasitata 'again'. The suffix -tata- is also added to infinitive stems
in the meaning of beginning the action: e.g. laruna 'to laugh'/
verb form used as an imperative.
larutatagia 'begin lauglling
TATA MARCOSAMP TATA LUCASAMPEJJ MX KOLLePiiiil-FARLAPJJE
Lucas:
Tata, aca kollu patajj wali thayawa.
Marcos:
Jisa, wali thayawa, jiwasajj qhunu koll jac'anctanwa,
jiwasarojj thayjistu.
L:
Ah, uqhamajj uca jach'a ponchomp ponchosY3 ucat nayarojj janiw
thayjquitaniti.
M:
Ay tata Lucasa, uca ponchomajj sumaraquisg.
L:
JTsa, sumawa, warmejjaw sawurapitu.
umat pharjitu.
M:
Nayarojj janiw pharjquituti, antisas mank'at doltjitu.
L:
Uqhgmajj qhaya jawir qhurcatancquis uca jisc'a marcar purifign-2.,
ucan mank'aigni, umafigni.8
M:
Cuna sutinis uca marcajja?
L:
Achacach satawa.
M:
Uca marcan eant'ajj utjiti?
L:
nsa, utjiwa.
144:
Jumarojj mank'at awtjtamti?
L:
,aniw autjquituti, jumarusti?
2
ucat
5
Jin lak sarafigni,
6
nayarojj
7
9
Nayajj alas in munta.
LESSON XVI - Dialogue
.,Itiarojj.awtjdtuT7a.
T4
UghUmajj aca chawilanp ch'unurup
M:
Iyaw tata,yuspagar tata.
.
10
mank aan 4a t
11
NOTES
1 Ma kollu patan 'on a mountain': pats 'over plus -n location marker.
2
2hunu kollu jac'ar.ctanwa 'Tie are near the snow-covered mountain.'
jaeancala 'to be near'; jac'a 'near'; ghunu 'snow'
3
Infinitive ponchosia 'to put on a poncho;' -si- reflexive particle.
4
janiw thaviquitaniti 'I won't be colef;
thaqiatafia.
On the verbal infix -ta-. Cf. Grammar, Lesson XV.
The -niindicates future tense. Cf. Grammar, Lesson XX for further
characterization.
sumaraquisr'is it also good?'
5
sums- verbal root (with vowel length)
8
-raqui- 'also' -sa interrogative marker; vowel length is carried over
to the last vowel.
laka 'fast, rapid(ly)'; sawurapitu: -rapi7 indicates action 'in favor
of, for': e.g. iiatlarana 'to open'j
antisasa 'rather'
iist'ararapifia 'to open (for
ucan 'there'; -n location marker.
someoLe)n.
9
Cuna sutinis? 'What is its name?'
6
7
.
Achacach satawa.
Suti 'name', -ni- possessive marker.
'It is called Achacachi.'(The derivation of satais unclear.)
10
chtlevu'dried potatoes'
11
Ivaw 'very well, o.k.'
170
LESSON XVII - Tunca pakalikonir lecciona
ajjsaratia
temer
to fear
apanifia[ + ru]
traer
to bring
llevar
to carry
jachafia
ilorar
to cry
juc'a
poco
few
maqhatatia [ +ru]
escalar, subir
to ascend
masarmanthi, wasarmanthi
ayer por la mafiana
yesterday morning
masayp'u, wasayp'u
ayer por la tarde
yesterday in the
masUru, wastiru
ayer
yesterday
nayrarmanthi
anteayer por la mafiana
the day before yesterday in the morning
nayrayp'u
anteayer por la tarde
the day before yesterday in the afternoon
nayrliru
dia anterior
the day before yesterday
pasir mara
pasir phajjsi
pasir semana ( simana)
aria pasado
mes pasado
semana pasada
last year
last month
last week
qhunu
nieve
snow
qhunulkojau
montefia eon nieve
snow-covered mountain
uru
dia
day
apauia
ru]
Grammar - Suma parlaiIataqui
I.
Summary of adverbs of time.
masliru, wasliru 'yesterday' (uru 'day';the long vowel is due to 'ontraction
of two short vowels).
The root of wastiru also appears in wasitata'avin'
masayp'u, wasayp'u 'yesterday afternoon'
payrilru, waltiru (nayra 'early, first') 't'he day before yesterday; the
other day.'
nayrarmanthi 'yesterday morning'
Imssulla 'yesterday afternoon'
jichhits 'today' Cichha 'now')
khartiru 'tomorrow'
arumanthi 'tomorrow morning'
171
LESSON XVII - Grammar
kharayp'u 'tomorrow afternoon'
pasir semana 'last week' (Spanish mar 'to pass')
jutir semana 'next week' (tagl 'to come')
jutir mara 'next year'
II.
When a punctual verb is used with an adverb of time past, the verb has the
meaning of completed action in the past.
e.g.
NayrUroij nava:1j tiojjan ovejap awatta.
11q.adi114111ELJIDIt1P allatta.
III. -ni- suffix with verbs indicates
'The other day I pastured
my uncle's sheep.
pasture /pastured my uncle's
sheep.'
'movement into' and is inserted before
the infinitive ending.
apafia 'carry' / apanifia 'carry to
'bring;
purifia 'arrive' / purinifia 'arrive (up),, (there)'
Ahitafia 'send' / ohitanifia 'send up (to there, to that point)'
alarm 'buy' / alaniia 'go and buy' (movement along with the act of buying)
Questions and Answers - '.,Tist'afianacampi iyaw sai1anacampi
Open Questions M.
Tata, cuns masUrojj lurtajja?
E.
Vac kollun awatta.
M:
Cuns jiwasanacajj masUrojj lurapjjtan?
E.
Chawll catupjjtan.
M.
Cuns.Juanamp Pedrompejj pasir semanajj mank'apjje?
E.
Jupanacajj t'ant'amp quesomp mank'apjje.
H.
Cawcs masgrmanthejj Lucasajj sari?
E.
Jupajj qhaya jach'a khath sari.
M.
Cawcs pasir martesajj nanacajj sarapjjta?
E.
Chuquiag sarapjjtajja.
M.
Nayarmanthejj jumanacajj cuns tata Pedron phuchapampejj
lurapjjtajja?
E.
Isinac ch'ucupjjta.
172
LESSON XVII - Open Questions
II.
M.
Tata, awichamajj masUrojj aych mank'eti?
E.
JYsa manklewa.
M.
Jisc'a imilla, jilamajj nayrarmanthejj pelot anatiti?
E.
JTsa, anatiwa.
M.
Tata Ignacio, masayp'ojj jumajj khath sartati?
E.
JY.sa, sartwa.
M.
Wastirojj jumanacajj jilaman utapan thokOpjjtati?
E.
nsa, thokopjjtwa.
IL
Wasarmanthejj nayamp jumanacampejj walja mank' mank'apjjtanti?
E.
JYsa, mank'apjjtanwa.
M.
Pedrojj masUrojj walja ovejanac qhariti?
E.
JYsa, qhariwa.
M.
Jumajj masUrojjyap lurtati?
E.
Jisa, nayajj masUrojj yap lurtuwa..,
M.
Nayrarojj jumajj ch'ok altati?
E.
JYsa, nayrUrojj nayajj ch'ok altuma.
N.
NayrUrojj jupanacajj pelot anatapjjeti?
E.
JYsa, nayrUrojj jupanacajj pelot anatapjjewa.
M.
MasUrojj jiwasanacajj cartanac kellkapjjtanti?
E.
JYsa, jiwasanacajj cartanac kellkapjjtanwa.
Masayp'ojj jupajj suma arunac parliti?
E.
JYsa, jupajj masayp'ojj suma arunac parliwa.
M.
Tata Timoteo/Wiffnaiihuchapampi thokoti?
E.
JYs, mama, tata TimotetlitYPe2aA phuchapampi thokowa.
M.
Elenampi Rositampejj/Rniai°41rapjjeti?
E.
JYs, tata, Elenap Rositampeblailai sarapjjewa.
M.
Pasir semana Voluntaria wawamar kolliti?
E.
JYsa, pasir semana Voluntaria wawajjar kolliwa.
M.
MasUrojj jumanajj pankaranac khech'aptati?
E.
JTs, cullaca, nanacajrarallanac khech'apkuwa.
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ffoanaAeu CreAttu mTuer nunqb TTo% Reaeqbem -TaolesCre
'mg
uoapaa uedean tueaoaesfre
elegy,
uoapaa uedevt -puB301escpe
cCemnr cCalpuemaRsem aTuef ucaTmec nvogx oeuTsT LeaosCcesa
fceAvu praqaunmaRsem mpiec ueaTmeC immix oeuTsT 'Tlospfela
a sew
an2oTeTa
oauano
VINIVW
Masor
:esaaal,
:f
:1
:r
amvaasor
seuang
mama
t
miamvsaual arravniva
savou emem csaaal,
maTseaTsTA 'Blanc
seqoou 4emem oTTem GeCCeaanf
Av gemem poleAcu Tem gnaTfaeq cpaggem deA eaanT Tem4leon cuipmf
CceqqaTr 'nansn 4Tasemnr goaRsem surto leCrelanT
emus on
AV `mem ccoallsem NeAeu cCeTTP ue dean geoaes Ccednr
Tunm fceqmoTr qouod 'eansnmes
m
CcemBUr 1Tacansn
mTuer 4TaTnbRansn cpcdnf xosqo 4plonde1C quAeu mnaednC seadeue4
:r
UmunTr
ccedeoeuemAn
cmfan
geszr 'emTfan pfeocA eonna 4emTucAvd Cceammi Rd gemeouna
Tasefano eaCcos emeouna
:r
sTaTqb eon ocuemAn
mem!
cuqueaem
CceTTr ue mcdeem 'flume Clednr eouna ueAed
aTanr rfeacm mnan2sTnbnii3 Tueaes pm uoT2aToo 'TnbeaeueneaeA
Cpcoeuemnr ffoansum deA LTleappeanT
geszr
rude e3fpullondeA
seotuTaTqb LeaccdeanT
iir
LESSON 'Wiz - Dialogue
J:
Tatajjamp, namajjamp, jilajamp nayampla7 lurapjjta.
Jilamajj walja kollkeniti?1
T:
nsa, walja kollkeniwa. Masgrmanthiw jupajj Achacach marcan =a
jach'a liq'i vac alji, uca kollkempejj calamin alani, jumasti
cawcs jichhajj sargtajja?
J:
Jichhajj tatajian estanciap cbawll apH.
T:
Pas it marajj
Uca estancianquir jakenacajj wal chawil munapjje.
chachajjajj wal chawil catu, jichhajj jenir catquiti.
J:
Nayan chachajjamp yokajjampejj wal chawil jichha marajj catupjje.
T:
Chachamamp yokamampejj k'apha jakenacasg.
J:
JYs mama, juman chachamasti, jichhajj cons lurasqui?
T:
Jupajj and yap qhaya wila kollun lurasqui, arumanthejj Chuquiag
ovej aych aljiriw apani.
J:
Ovej aychajj liq'iti?
T:
Jisa, masUruw qharipjjta, uali jach'awa, liq'iraquiwa.4
J:
Ay chhuy,5 uqhgmajj mama visitawaysmawa, arumanthiw wasitat jutH,
2
3
jichhajj sarjjg6mama, wank' phayataj j awa.
Waliquiw mama, saraquimay.
T:
NOTES
kollke 'money;' -ni- possession
1
kollkenina 'to have money':
marker added to a noun.
2
Es222EanciAlasain 'from that community' (Lit., 'Those who are in
that community')
-nquir
n
gui
location marker
relative marker (Cf. Grammar, Lesson IV)
'people who are' (Cf. notes on -ri, pp. 83, 102)
r(i)
3
'Are your husband and son active men?'
noun into a verb form.
4
lig!iraquiiia 'are also fat.'
-raqui-
'also'
'you don't say'
5
6
Vowel length converts the
sariik 'I'll be going.'
Rudimentos
Future tense verb plus 7117 infix.
ascribes to -ii- the meaning of 'back (e.g. to my
house, etc.)'
9Lt
NOSS31 IIAK - anUTEla
VIVI frOIRVa VLVJ IIVSOIHVO MI2IIZISIA
IBS
toicled
souana seep u4B4 gsoTae3 0484DseDuuDe
:soTle3
snaumnr oTquafTnbuaememin
:a
04e4gmosRsTme0
:0
qty
:a
Deae4uun0 ELT4smu4sn
:3
rpansull cp4eu Rm TioqaD ge4opatprdeA 4eDn rpaeltuu .114nsn
:a
LTdmPTIO
gum
emlasumum
ccoaulivu meDeuvavdmu -n4nsn
:3
nur mIdmrceTTP
:a
umeto 4T4e4fpn4eD
:3
mTuer ecTua 4D
:a
4e4Tsum 04e4Raus
:3
aT4nr meseunT 4u4Tsum gRaes uvaes 4T4u4unm
:a
gszr gum4unm sTdmvon Daum
:3
snaeun0 OIBM
:a
%etyma DuuTsT aTsuTe gumucceimays frump CratpuemaRsem 4n
*B3.108411
II gT4Ddn4eD rfa4nDiteTuunD rpm ualcuti4 .umnan
TECH gnlaccdurAuti4 4eilluum gn4Tnbeaeccder4nu 4eDn ccupuuuu
mnae4n -84ccdelnp
vmscpuuaus
OVPNWES
iT4eumnbse
:0
mTuer 'pogo-mine aT4ng muuumas RtipTubse
:a
lty
:0
e4BI
:a
cCumgcbv gem geffe4NninammmuD 4.egweiD geme4RDsTseTTox uup
-T4mTsTnbeTT 04sumulloA v1T4Tubsumme
:0
gumTuer nTuer gT4TubDueDe ffudnf
:a
ccoansupl iTeme)ja o4ne pell4
:3
gemTuer mTuec gT4Tnbaus cwt.'? Tum Tsualtuc
:a
mTuer peAeu gT4Daes mnauffelpTme ovuum4n ;14eme 84duusl
:3
cpeccmm Tvm
24E4 gsoTau0 IIDAu uTsere ge4unm suutibmeo Con ,t
uopea uedepuaT4 gTr4n ffednc umTnbsuDueDn
nme
din
'Taus
aTtmnbsu LT4Taes
g.T4semnr LT4e4aus
'emB.144 cpednc mTuef 4uno cpansum 1:yanT
T4Tnbunm
:a
:3
:a
5
fpemu4o7, itTu
gummtem cCuednp Tem Deundra umuduweanT
gent. Attu gempultem sTdmvon Crudnf Du.uavue gTunm mTuec Foaukau
du< gvs...eanT itn smT4ume IT4n4TnbdeurA
8
crumRqbv '.84u4 TELL (184 gumumeuuAuanT mTuup E..1).RdpuTsuaAup
CTudnr Tem dy4 'Taut raAO
ueittem gruffeno4 Tim eumutidusx
gT4Bme 4n gpind sT gTsfpul4 uTu gTicetid also unD 6.TanT
177
LESSON XVII - Dialogue
C:
Yokamajj wall suma waynas trte.
P:
Yap
Ay tata Carlos yokamarojj suma jakU,- yatichaaamawa.
lurayam, ut picheyam, is t'ajjsiyam,..-nin phayayam, uywanacar
mank' churayam. 11
C:
Waliquiw tata, ughSmajj nayajj yokajjarojj yatichSwa.
P:
nayajj sarawayjg, jutir semanaw
Sarawayjjg,
wasitat visitasir juts, ucqhaw juc'amp parlasiani.
10
Jichhajj nib,* horaajjewa,
12
tata.
Waliquiw tata, jiquisibcam tata.
C:
NOTES
1
'How are you?'
camisabcaa
camiasctsa
camisasipctansa
camisgsctansa
csmisgsipctsa
camislisctasa
camisgsipctasa
camisSsquisa
camisgsingla
According to Rudimentos, the difference between cemisSsetasa and
camisagui is stylistic:
the former is more "polite" and the latter
is more "perfunctory."
A similar relationship may exist between the verb wallimissatt
'to be fine, well' and the adverb waliaui:
waliquMsipctanwa
waliquYsctanwa
waliguYsctwa
waliqu'Isipetawa
yallgesipquiwa
m22.410271.
Egiaqi is said to connote 'temporary
quality.'
2
Cunatarac?'why?':
3
Cunarus? 'For what?'
4
CamScharaquy.Sajja? 'What am I to do?'
Lit.
'for what?'
Infinitive camSchera 'To do
something.'
camSchaila 'to do something.'
-raqui- 'then'.
Adds a note of familiarity:
e.g.
camisquiraui
'What's new?' (In other contexts, -Imuk means 'also')
178
ali
LESSON XVII - Dialogue - Notes
4 (continued)
c'achhata 'slowly'
/WO
kollasiiia 'to cure oneself', kollafia 'to cure'; kolla 'medicine'
jan llaquisimti
'don't worry, be upset.'
llaguisifia 'to be troubled'
The negative imperative is formed by adding the suffix -m to the
Janiw
verb stem; -ti marks the negative.
is contracted to jag..
Infinitive isyrasifia
5
Jayrasi 'he i3 lazy.'
6
niya 'already, now'
7
janiw nayamiix2p luransa, uyw awatinsanapquituti.
"He doesn't
even help me to work the field or to pasture the animals.'
The particle -sa means 'even, or'. When attached to an infinitive, the
Sa joins two components
final vowel cf the latter.is elided.
(like -Bpi) and is attached to each; it differs from -mai in that
kii
it emphasizes the separateness of the two components.
8
lurLzzlala
'to have work'; causative particle -1g7 is inserted
before the infinitive ending.
9
Cf.
Grammar, Lesson XIX.
nintEALaria 'to cook' flcir- nine 'fire' and nhayafia 'to cook'
10 lflgIl 'to be a person, man':
fake 'man' + vowel lengthening (to form
a verb stem) + infinitive ending.
11
luravam imperative 'have (him) work'.
12
horasajjewa 'It's already time.' -Vlje(wa) 'already'.
Nita is often
used in-this construction.
e.g.
(niy)
arumajjewa 'It is already night time.'
(nix) mddima 'It is already day time.'
(N.B.
It is not clear whether long vowels U and Y must become
8, B in the presence of postvelar ii)
1.79
LESSON xv!'l
Tunca quimsakallkonir lecciona
adobe
adobe
adobe
arado (aratu)
arado
a plow
auto(awtu)
auto
car
botella (putilla)'
botella
bottle
ch'anqha
caito
woolen thread
cuaderno (cutirnu)
cuaderno
notebook
hpbas (jawasa)
babas
beans
jarisiiik
jichhu
kala
lavarse
paja para techo
piedra
tc wash (=ascii')
straw for roofs
stone
khollina
arar
to plow
lamana
bafiador
large bowl
lampa
pala
a metal shovel
lapiza
lgpiz
pencil
leeta (liyina)
leer
to read
ilelee
barro
mud
papela (papila)
papal
paper
phuqhu
olla
pot
picota
pick (inst. used in
farming)
uchafia
poner
to put
waculla
cgntaro
large narrow - mouthed
pico
(Picu)
pitcher
wajcha (wawanaca)
hugrfana, hugrfana
orphan
wayucha
jarra, chata
pitcher
I.
-taoui- can be attached to interrogative pronouns, nouns and
infinitives to indicate purpose.
With interrogative pronouns, the
interrogative suffix -sa is added; with nouns, pronouns and verbs in
declarative sentences, -wa is added and in interrogative sentences,-ti.
Negative constructions are formed with jam?.,
(a)
Interrogative pronouns with -tAlaisa:
Alititaquis acsila?
'Who is this for?'
180
LESSON XVIII - Grammar
Cunataquisucluankaraiiel
What
Uca
(b)
Nouns and pronouns with -taquiti /
Uca librojj mamataquiti?
'Is that book for the senora?'
Uca_pankarajj lulujjataquiwa.
'That flower is (those flowers are)
for my little girl.'
Uca ch'ivgr vacajj nayataquiwa.
(c),
is that flower (are those flowers)
for?'
'That black cow is for me.'
Infinitives with -taquiwa:
Aca
adob luranata uiwa.
'This mud is for making adobes,'
JazachartnAcataanifiatauiwa.
'This pitcher is for bringing water:
Aca papelamp lapizampealeeLyatekatalaguiti?
'Is this paper and
pencil for learning how to read?'
(d)
Negative constructions:
lark comes before the verbal clause:
AcaL:ak'ejj jan adob luranataqui.
II.
'This mud is not for making
adobes.'
The suffix -na-which indicates possession (Lesson II) is synonymous with
the -na-which marks location (cf. Lesson IV).
The resulting ambiguity is
usually resolved by context:
e.g. Aca melotaji.Josean yokallapanquiwa.
Aca pelotajj Josean utapanquiwa.
'This ball is Jose's
daughter's'
'This ball is in JoWs house.
'=
'This ball belongs to Jose's house.'
into a verb phrase
To convert a noun phrase ending in the suffix -111-4 the verbalizer g is
attached to the -n-.
With interrogative pronouns, the suffix -sa is
added to the verb ending; in dedlarative sentences, -wa is attached to
the verb ending; in interrogative sentences without an interrogative
pronoun, the particle
e.g.
is added:
ghitinquis aca utaija?
'Whose (lit. of whom) house is this?'
Aca utajj qhitinauisa?
jcLl'ilaluta..PecirotjxcapgAca.ataanuiwa.
'This large house is
Pedro's son's.'
()halm habas vapojj tatamanquiwa.
'That bean field over there is
your father's.'
Qhaya babas yapojj tatamanquiti?
'Is that bean- field over there
your father's?'
LESSON XVIII
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscujia
M.
Aca pankarajj mamajjataquiwa.
E.
Aca pankarajj mamajjataquiwa.
M.
juman
E.
Aca pankarajj juman mamamataquiwa.
M.
jupan
E.
Aca pankarajj jupan mamapataquiwa.
yokapataquiwa
E.
Aca pankarajj jupan yokapatqquiwa.
M.
uca wacullajj
E.
Uca wacullajj jupan yokapataquiwa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Uca wacullajj jiwasan yokasataqUiwa..
M.
juman
E.
Uca wacullajj juman yokamataquiwa.
M.
allchhimataquiwa
E.
Uca wacuilajj juman allchhimataquiwa.
M.
qhaya lamanajj
E.
Qhaya lamanajj juman allchhimataquiwa.
M.
jiwasanacan
E.
Qhaya lamanajj jiwasanacan allchhinacasataquiwa.
M.
jumanacan
E.
Qhaya lamanajj jumanacan allchhinacamataquiwa.
M.
wawanacamataquiwa
E.
Qhaya lamanajj jumanacan wawanacapataquiwa.
M.
qhuri kokajj
E.
Qhuri kokajj jumanacan wawanacamataquiwa,
M.
jupanacan
E.
Qhuri kokajj jupanacan wawanacapataquiwa.
1
182
LESSON XVIII - Substitution Drill
M.
Uca machak utajj nayan tiojjan yokapataquiwa.
E.
Uca machak utajj nayan tiojjan yokapataquiwa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Uca machak utajj jiwasan tiosan yokapataquiwa.
M.
juman
E.
Uca machak utajj juman tioman yokapataquiwa.
M.
jupan amigopan cullacapataquiwa
E.
Uca machak utajj jupan amigapan cullacapataquiwa.
M.
qhaya liq'i kawrajj
E.
Qhaya liq'i kawrajj jupan amigopan cullacapataquiwa.
M.
jumanacan
E.
Qhaya liq'i kawrajj jumanacan amigoman cullacapataquiwa.
M.
Josean jilapan warmipataquiwa
E.
Qhaya liq'i kawrajj Josean jilapan warmipataquiwa;
M.
qhuri jach'a lamanajj
E.
Qhuri jach'a lamanajj Josean jilapan warmipataquiwa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Qhuri jach'a lamanajj jiwasan jilasan warmipataquiwa.
M.
juman
E.
Qhuri jach'a lamanajj juman jilaman warmipataquiwa.
M.
nayan jilajjan wawanacapataquiwa
E.
Qhuri jach'a lamanajj nayan jilajjan wawanacapataquiwa.
M.
qhuri adobenacajj
E.
Qhuri adobenacajj nayan jilajjan wawanacapataquiwa.
M.
jupanacan
E.
Qhuri adobenacajj jupanacan jilapan wawanacapataquiwa.
M.
aca wacullanacajj
E.
Aca wacullanacajj jupanacan jilapan wawanacapataquiwa.
4".
183
N.
Aca jach'a calamin utajj Pablonquiwa.
E.
Aca jach'a calamin utajj Pablonquiwa.
M.
Rositan phuchapanquiwa
E.
Aca jach'a calamin utajj Rositan phuchapano,uiva.
M.
aca,
E.
Aca jise4iwayuchajj Rositan phuchapanquiwa.
M.
juman
E.
Aca jisc'a wayuchajj juman phuchapanquiwa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Aca jisc'a wayuchajj jiwasan phuchapanquiwa.
M.
uca ch'oke yapojj
E.
Uca ch'oke yapojj jiwasan phuchasanquiwa.
N.
nanacan allchhinacajjanquiwa
E.
Uca ch'oke yapojj nanacan allchhinacajjanquiwa.
M.
jumanacan
E.
Uca ch'oke yapojj jumanacan allchhinacamanquiva.
M.
qhaya kalanacajj
E.
Qhaya kalanacajj jumanacan allchhinacamanquiwa.
M.
jiwasanacan
E.
Qhaya kalanacajj jiwasanacan allchbinacasanquiwa.
M.
Joseampin Mariampin
E.
Qhaya kalanacajj Joseampin Mariampin allchhinacapanquiwa.
M.
qhuri iteklemp jichhumpejj
E.
allchhinacapanquiwa.
Qhuri 5ek'emp jichhumpejj Joseampin Mariampin
M.
nayan
E.
Qhuri fiek'emp jichhumpejj nayan allchhinacajjanquiwa.
M.
juman yokaman warmipanquiwa
E.
warmipanquiwa.
Qhuri fieleemp jichhumpejj juman yokaman
jlsc'a wayuchajj
184
M.
Aca fieleejj Pedron utapatac adobenac lurafiataquiwa.
E.
Aca ilektejj Pedron utapatac adobenac luraaataquiwa.
N.
juman
E.
Aca fieleejj juman utamatac adobenac lureataquiwa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Aca fiektejj jiwasan utasatac adobenac lurafiataquiwa,
N.
uca jichhojj
E.
Uca jichhojj jiwasan utasatac adobenac luraTataquiwa.
M.
anusatac ut utachafiataquiwa
E.
Uca jichhojj jiwasan anusatac ut utachaiataquiwa.
M.
nanacan
E.
Uca jichhojj nanacan anojjatac ut utacha,.ataquiwa.
M.
jiwasanacan
E.
Uca :jichhojj jiwasanacan anusatac ut utacheataquiwa.
M.
qhaya adobenacajj
E.
Qhaya adobenacajj jiwasanacan anusatac ut utachai'ataquiwa.
M.
tata Davidan
E.
Qhaya adobenacajj tata Davidan anupatac ut utachafiataquiwa.
M.
jumanacan uywa uyumataquiwa
E.
Qhaya adobenacajj jumanacan uywa uyumataquiwa.
M.
qhuri jach'a kalanacajj
E.
Qhuri jach'a kalanacajj jumanacan uywa uyumataquiwa.
M.
jumampin nayampin
E.
Qhuri jach'a kalancajj jumampin nayampin uywa uyusataquiwa.
t..1
M.
Joseampin Andresampin
E.
Qhuri jach'a kalanacajj Joseampin And.cesampin uywa uyupataquiwa.
M.
waynanacan escuelap utachafiataquiwa
E.
Qhuri jach'a kalanacajj waynanacan escuelap utachafiataquiwa.
185
LESSON XVIII
Questions and Answers - sJisat'aianacampi iyaw
1.
N.
Qhitinquis aca jach'a machak utajja?
E.
Aca jacl'a machak utajj cullacajjanquiwa.
Cunataquis uca ch'anqhajja7
E.
Uca ch'anqhajja escuelar apalataquiwa.
N.
Qhitinquis qhaya jisc'a yokaliajja?
E.
Qhaya jisea yokallajj jilajjanquiwa.
M.
Qhitinquis qhaya machak autojja?
E.
Qhaya machak autojj Wanda tawakoiiquiwa.
Cunataquis uca pankaranacajja?
E.
Uca pankaranacajj mRmajjataquiwa.
M.
Qhititaquis ilhaya liq'i vacajja?
E.
Qhaya liq'i vacaij Francisc tawaIxtaquiwa.
M.
Qhititaquis aca jach'a librojja?
E.
Jilajjataquiwa.
M.
Qhititaquis aca suma machak wila ponchojja?
E.
JilMr yokajjataquiwa.
M.
Qhititaquis uca jank'o jach'a utajja?
E.
Mamamataquiwa.
M.
Qhaya phuju jac'ancquis uca vacajj qhititaouisa?
E.
Tiojjataquiwa.
M.
Cunataquis uca jichhump nek'empejja:
E.
Adobenac luranataquiwa.
Cunataquis uca lapizamp librompejja?
E.
Lee: yatekatataquiwa.
Qhaya adobenacamp kalanacampejj cunataquisa?
E.
litachafiataquiwa.
M.
Tata, qhuri wayuchanacajj cunataquisa?
E.
Uma apanifiataquiwa.
186
LESSON XVIII - Questions and Answers
II.
M.
Mama Carlota, aca yapunacajj cunataquisa?
E.
Ch'ok japuchafiataquiwa.
M.
Qhitinquis aca asnonacamp vacanacampejja?
E.
Tata Andresan yokapanquiwa.
N.
Qhitinquis uca chlojjila kokanacajja?
E.
Tata Joseanquiwa.
M.
Qhaya jach'a ch'oke yapojj quitinquisa?
E.
Nayanquiwa.
M.
Qhaya jach'a tans tawakojj qhitinquisa?
E.
Nayanquiwa.
M.
Uca librojj mamamataquiti?
E.
JYsa, uca librojj mamajjataquiwa.
M.
Qhuri tiendajj amigoman warmipataquiti?
E.
JYsa, qhuri tiendajj amigojjan warmipataquiwa.
Ni.
Qhuri kalanacajj utacha. ataquiti?
E.
JYsa, qhuri kalanacajj utachafiataquiwa.
M.
Qhaya jach'a kokajj amigoman yokapanquiti?
E.
JYsa, qhaya jach'a kokajj amigojjan yokapanquiwa.
M.
Uca lampamp uca picompejj thac lurafiataquiti?
E.
Jisa, uca lampamp uca picompejj thac lurafiataquiwa.
M.
Qhaya botellajj allchhimataquiti?
E.
JYsa, botellajj allchhijjataquiwa.
M.
Aca aradojj khollifiataquiti?
E.
JYsa, aradojj khollifiataquiwa.
M.
Uca wacullajj um uchafiataquiti?
E.
J7sa, wacullajj um uchanataquiwa.
M.
Qhaya lamanajj jarisifiataquiti?
E.
JYsa, qhaya lamanajj jarisifiataquiwa.
187,
LESSON XVIII - Questions end Answers
Ift.
M.
Qhuri phuqhojj wank' phayaiataquiti?
E.
Janiwa, qhuri phuqhojj jan mank' phayefiataqvi.
M.
Aca libronacamp cuadernonacampejj aymar yatekailataquiti7
E.
Janiwa, aca libronacamp cuadernonacampejj jan aymar yatekaiietaqui.
Uca ch' okemp apillampejj phayasitataquiti?
E.
Janiwa, ch'okemp apiliampejj jan phayasitataqui.
M.
Qhaya ileklemp jichhumpejj walja adob luratataquiti?
E.
Janiwa, qhaya _ektemp jichhumpajj jan walja edob lurailataqui.
X.
Qhuri machak escuel utajj waycha wawanacataquiti?
E.
Janiwa, machak escuel utajj
an waycnn wawanacataqui.
Dialogue - Cuento
PATRICIONP PA3CUALA11PEJJ VACA KHATUN. CA:P..TJEWA
Patricio:
Tata Pascuala, cawqar vaca alatajja9
Pascuala:
Qhaya jach'a wila vac alaii munte, ucampis jekepajj q'tdmsaKeilh
patac warank kollk mayi.1
Patricio:
Qhititaquis ala, muntajja?
yokamataquiti jan ucajj
jumataquicha ?2
munta.
Pascuala:
Nayataquiwa, chlok yapuchan munta,ucat alasi
Pat:
Aca Puerto Acostanjj janiw suma vacanacajj utjquiti, antisas
Achacach khathun sum vacanacajj utji.
Pas:
Uqhgmapachawa, ucampis Achacachejj wali jayawa, ucat jan
saran muncti.4
Pat:
Kawkha kollkempis vac alafi muntajja?
Pas:
Sojjta patac pakallk tunc warank kolikempiw alai munta.
Pat:
Cunalaycutejj vacanacajj jichhajj wail carowa.
Pas:
CamUcharaquYsti?
Pat:
Cunamps jichhajj alafi muntajja?
Pas:
Namajjatac
Pat:
Aca khathun jichhUrojj janiw phuqhojj aljafiatac utjquiti.
3
5
6
UqhUmajj jisc'a vacac alI.7
8
suma wacullamp and suma phuqhump
munta.
188
LESSON XVIII - Dialogue
9
Pas:
Uqhamajj and lamanac all, inas jutir semanajj phuqh alchY.
Jumasti, qhititaquis uca pelot altajja?
Pat:
Wawanacajjataquiw alta, jupanacajj wal pelot munapjje.
Pas:
Walic uqhamajj tAta Patricio, nayajj laman ala,ucat sarjjafiani.
Pat:
Waliquiw tata, alanimay, suylmaw tata, chicaw sarjjafiani.
10
NOTES
1
maviba 'to ask for'
2
'Is it for your son or for you?' jam- cha 'or':
son,(&) not for yourself?'
3
Antisasa 'rather'
4
Ughamapachawa 'It ought to be so.'
literally 'for your
-pacha- 'should be.'
lava 'far, distant.'
5
'For how much money?':
6
carowa:
7
Camlcharaqui'sti? 'So what.can I do?'
taro (caru) 'expensive.'
camachaila + -ragui- interrogative
infix.
vacac: c (gui) 'only'
8
Cunamps 'what else.'
9 Uhamarmanacala. 'Then I'm going to buy a washbasin.'
c
(qui)
Inas
10
'only'
alchi 'perhaps I',11 buy',. Cf. Lesson XIX.
saylawHr 'I'll wait for you':
chicaw sarariani
suvaLa 'to wait for, expect'
'We'll go (back) together.'
Chica 'together.'
139
LESSON XIX - Tunca ilatuncanir lecciona
Vocabulary - ArunacL
inas (also inajja, inacha)
quiz5s, tal vez
perhaps
iqui4a
dormir
to sleep
guiar
to guide
irpaia
(ru)
jachayaiva
hacer
jichha mara
este aao
this year
jutir mara
nrOximo aio
next year
jutir phajjsi
prtiximo mes
next month
jutir semana
peOxima semana
next week
samarafia
descansar
to rest
llorar
to cause to cry
Grammar - Suma parlaiataqui,
1.
Verbal infix - ma- indicates causative meaning; it is inserted
before the infilnitive;:ending,t.
e.g.
iachaia 'cry' / jacilaraAa 'cause to cry'
iwana
.
'die' /dinyana 'kill'
sarana 'go'
sarayalia 'conduct (a meeting)'
auana 'bring' / apayaria 'order someone else (to do...) '
U. Dubitative future:
'possibly, maybe I'll...'
The notion of doubt
may be expressed by the infix -chi- in verb forms:
lure :a
lurchY
lurchingni
larapiichiani
luraulichY
lurchha
lurapidshYta
lurchini
Analysis:
1MEEELIShiAli
lur- + (plural -per) + -chi- + personal ending.
future endings: -I.
-ita
-ni
-ita
-ni
Dubitative forms may take the particle 711a but not -wa.
e.g.
NalAdj_ inas lurch!.
'I might do it.'
klayadi inas lurchejia.
'I might do it.'
190
LESSON XIX
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscu,la
M.
Nayajj inas yap lurch!.
E.
Nayajj inas yap lurch!.
M.
jupajj
E.
Juapjj inas yap lurchini.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj inas yap lurapjjchingni.
M.
chawli mank'apjjchiiigni
E.
Jiwasanacajj inas chawll mank'apjjchifigni.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj inas chawli mank'apjjchr.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj inas chawli mank'apjjchini.
M.
yap khollipjjchini
E.
Jupanacajj inas yap khollipjjchini.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj inas yap khollch!'ta.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj inas yap khollchiani.
M.
nana,;ajj
E.
Nanacajj inas yap khollipjjchr.
M.
khath sarapjjch!
E.
Nanacajj inas khath sarapjjchr.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj inas khath sarchi.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj inas khath sarapjjchita.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj inas khath sarapjjchini.
T5I
mossaa XIX - uoT3n4T3sqnS
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192
LESSON XIX - Substitution Drill
M.
Pedrojj arumanthejj inas chawll catur kot sarchini.
E.
Pedrojj arumanthejj inas chawll catur kot sarchini.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj arumanthejj inas chawll catur kot sarchlta.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas chawll catur kot sarapjjchini.
M.
caballonacar mank' churapjjchini.
E.
Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas caballonacar mank' churapjjchini.
M.
jiwasajj jutir phajjsejj
E.
Jiwasajj jutir phajjsejj inas caballonacar mank' churchinni.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas caballonacar mank' churapnchita.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas caballonacar mank' churapjjchifigni.
M.
Pablon ch'oke yapup khech'apjjchifigni
E.
Jiwasanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas Pablon ch'oke yapup
.
If
khech'apjjchifiani.
M.
nanacajj jutir marajj
E.
Nanacajj jutir marajj inas Pablon ch'oke yapup khech'apjjchY.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj jutir marajj inas Pablon ch'oke yapup khech'chifiani.
M.
aymar yatekchifiani
E.
Jiwasajj jutir marajj inas aymar yatekchiilni.
M.
jumajj khartirojj
E.
Jumajj khartirojj inas aymar yatekchYta.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj khartirojj inas,aymor yatekapjjchita.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj khartlrojj inas aymar yatekapjjchini.
193
LESSON XIX - Substitution Drill
M.
Jumamp nayampejj inas arumanthejj aca vacanac aljchiani.
E.
Jumamp nayampejj inas arumanthejj aca vacanac aljchittgni.
M.
Mariamp S'Asanampejj
E.
Mariamp Susanampejj inas arumanthejj aca vacana,1 aljapjjchini.
jumamp warmimampajj
E.
Jumampwarmimampejj inas arumanthejj aca vacanac aljapjjrhlta.
pelot anatait munapjjchita
E.
Jumamp warmimampejj inas arumanthejj pelot anatat munapjjchYta.
N.
nayamr jumanacampejj kharayptojj
E.
Nayamp jumanacampejj kharayptojj inas pelot anata
munapjjchiCHni.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj kharayptojj inas pelot anata-71 munchl!ta.
M.
Josean marcap purchna
E.
Jumajj kharayp'ejj inas Josean marcap purchita.
M.
nayamp cullacanacajjampejj
E.
Nayamp cullacanacajjampejj inas kharayp'oji Josean marcap puripjjchY
M.
nayajj jutir marajj
E.
Nayajj jutir marajj inas Josean marcap purchY.
N.
jumamp nayampejj
E.
Jumamp nayampejj jutir marajj inas Jcsean marcan purchifiNni.
M.
yap lurafi
E.
Jumamp nayampejj jutir merajj inas yap lura
M.
nayamp jilanacajjampejj jutir phajjsejj
E.
Nayamp jilanacajjampejj jutir phajjsejj inas yap luraR samarapjjch!.
M.
Timoteojj
E.
Timoteojj jutir phajjsejj inas yap lurafi samarchini.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas yap lure samarapjjchlta.
samarchiani
samarchiani.
V6T
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196
LESSON XIX - Completion Drill
M.
Kharayp'ojj jupanacajj janiw aymar yatekapcaniti.
E.
Kharayp'ojj jupanacajj janiw aymar yatekapcaniti,inas jutir phajjsejj
yatekapjjchini.
Nayajj wawajjar janiw jarcti.
E.
1.
Nayajj wawajjar janiw jarcti ,inas kharUrojj- jarchY.
Jumajj tatamar janiw yanapctati.
E.
Jumajj tatamar janiw yanapctati ,inas jurpUrojj yanapchTta.
M.
Jiwasajj tatasarojj janiw Chuquiag irpctanti.
E.
Jiwasajj tatasarojj janiw Chuquiag irpctanti,inas jutir marajj
irpchiAni.
M.
uiclajj anuparojj janiw mank' churquiti.
E.
Jupajj anuparojj janiw mank' churquititinas arumanthejj churchini.
M.
Jiwasanacajj uywanacasarojj janiw awatctanti.
E.
Jiwasanacajj uywanacasarojj janiw awatctanti ,inas kharUrojj
awatipjjchi Mni.
M.
Nanacajj wawanacajjarojj janiw jachayapcti.
E.
Nanacajj wawanacajjarojj janiw jachayapcti ,inas jutir marajj jachayapjjchT.
Jumanacajj yokallanacamarojj janiw mank' churapctati.
E.
Jumanacajj yokallanacamarojj janiw mank' churapctati,inas kharayp'ojj
churapjjchYta.
T.
Jupanacajj choke yapunacaparojj janiw khech'apquiti.
E.
Jupanacajj ch'oke yapunacaparojj janiw khech'apquiti,inasjutir
semanajj khech'apjjchini.
Jisct'afianacampi iyaw sajianacampi
Answer with inas and the dubitative future.
e.g.
M.
Cuns arumanthejj jumajj lurgta?
E.
Janiw yatcti, inas yap, lurchY.
M.
Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj is eajjsipjjananiti?
E.
Inas t'ajjsipjjchifiRni, ucampis janiw yatipctanti.
M.
Tata Pedrojj arumanthejj mare saraniti?
E.
Inas sarchini, janiw yatcti.
197
LESSON XIX - Questions and Answers
Nayamp jumampejj kharErojj cuns luraEgni?
L.
Inas walja mank' phaychingni.
M.
Tata Carlos,nanacajj cuns lurapjjg jutir semanajja?
E.
Inas Achacach aych alir sarapjjchita.
Cawcs kharErojj Joseajj jutanil
E.
Inas tiopan utap jutchini.
KharErojj cuns lurapjjankni?
E.
Inas ut pichapjjchifigni.
N.
Jutir semanajj cuns jiwasanacajj mank'apjjanani?
E.
Inas aychamp quesomp mank'apjjchirigni.
M.
Lulu, mamamajj cuns kharayp'ojj ch'ucuni?
E.
Inas m&1 sac ch'ucchini, janiw yatcti,
Yokalla, cullacamajj kharErojj qhaya khath saraniti?
E.
Inas sarchini.
M.
Mamay, tatajjajj cawcs kharErojj sarani?
E.
Inas vac alir sarchini.'
T.
Tatay, awichajjajj visitir jutaniti?
E.
Inas jutchini.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA JOSEAMP TATA FRANCISCONPEJJ TUAQUIN JIQUISIPJJE
Jose:
Tata Francisco, cawcs sarasctajja?
Francisco:
Ay tata Jose,marc alasiriw saraa manta, jichhErojj khathuw
Pasir semanajj janiw jakenacajj waljan sarapquiti,
utji.
inas jichhErojj sarapjjchini.1
J:
MasErojj jumajj yap lurtati?
F:
Janiw lurcti, vacanacaw yap luratiataquejj jan utjquiti, inas
jutir pbajjsejj pd jach'a vacanac alchY yap luraaataqui.
,T:
F:
Ay tata, yapunacjj niy luraamawa,'cunalaycutejj niy horasawa.
Camgcharaqugjja, vacajjay jan utjcchitejja, cuna vacampirac
lurasti?2
Mayan vacanacajjajj inasquiwa, janiw masErojj lurapquiti,
munasmajja, arumanthejj vacanacajjamp lurasmawa.3
198
LESSON XIX - Dialogue
Ay koli tata, mayt'asitay tata. Pasir marajj janiw juyrana cajj nayatac utjquiti, inas jutir marajj utjchini.4.
F:
Utjaniw tata, jumajj yap lurascaquim.
Pasir marajj jallojj janiw wal purquiti, lupiw k'al ch'okenacjj
waasu, inas jichha marajj_jallojj sum purchini.5
F:
Ucapi, cunalaycutejj yapunac khech'a.ajj ch'amawa.6
JY.s tata Jose, wali ch'amawa.
F:
Kawkha choke yaps yapuchtajja?
J:
Pasir mara?
F:
nsa, pasir mara.
J:
Kollu patarojj quimsakallk yap yapuchta, utajj jac'arusti
sojjta yap yapuchta. Pasir marajj jallojj janiw purquiti,
inas jutir marajj purchini.
F:
Ay tata, nayajj wal llaquista, kollkejj janiw utjquiti,
wawanacajjajj manktatimunapjje, inas jutir marajj cusischY.
J:
Ay tata Francisco, nayajj jichhajj sarg, jutir domingow
wasitat
F:
Waliquiw tata, jutir domingo jutg.
NOTES
1
khathu can mean both 'market' and 'fair.'
LleSAL4jj17amit,Taniw.all. 'Not many people were there.'
wal'ani : -ni suffix marks animate objects.
2
Cf.
Lesson XI.
utjcchitejja 'if there should be no' .Infinitive utjata
-tejja often has the meaning of 'if' (possibly composed of negative
-ti + -.lig).
Cf. Lesson XXI.
-chi- indicates doubtfulness.
Cuna vacampirac lurgsti? 'Uith what cows will I work?'
3 ingsquiwa 'are useless'; ina 'in vain, useless;' inWia 'to be
unemployed, vacant' (same root as inas?)
munasmajja 'if you want'; the meaning of 'if' is again conveyed by -114.
Arumanthe
vacanaca
lurasmawa.
'Tomorrow you can work with my
cows.'
199
LESSON XIX - Dialogue - Notes
4
koli interjection expressing flattery, sometimes translated as
Iafinitive mart' aria /
mayt'asitav 'lend (them) to me.'
'to lend, give credit' (Cf. root in mavi;ia 'ask for').
juyra 'food staples' (not meat)
5
k'ala 'all; completely'
wansuna 'to dry (up, out)'
6
ch'ama 'difficult'
7
llaquisi a
to suffer, grieve'
cusisifia 'to be happy, glad, rejoice'
8
parlana 'to talk' (Cf Spanish zar.
'to chatter')
A derwed verb parlasifia 'to converse' also exists.
Dialogue - Cuento
MA VOLUNTARIOMP TATA JACINTOMPIW JIQUISIPJJE
Voluntario:
Buenas tardes,tata Jacinto, camisaqui?
Jacinto:
Buenas tardes tata, walic tata.
V:
Tata Jacinto, jichhUrojj warmimajj c' awn aljir khath apaniti.?
J:
Janiw apcaniti, inas jutir domingojj apchini.
V:
Ay tata, nayajj wal c' awn manta' an munta, ucat c' awn
alasili munta.
J:
Ay ampi, jichhUrojj Huarin khathun c'awnajj waliw utjani,
ucat alasYta..1
V:
Janiw khath sarat muncti, inas arumanthejj sarchi.
J:
JichhHjj jumajj janit cawcs sarcHtajja?2
V:
Janiw tata, mg juc' p'ekew usutu, ucat rayajj jan cues lura'
muncti, inas arumanthejj tata Pedror ut utachafi yanapchY.3
J:
Uqhgmajj jichhajj samarHtati?4
V:
JYs tata, samarRwa.
J:
Nayajj samarafi muntwa, ucampis ch'ok yapuchafiajjawa.
V:
Ay tata, karYtaw tata.
J:
Janiw tata, janiw karciti.
V:
Niy jayp'Ujjew tata, sarawayijM, arumanthejj inas wasitat
visitir jutchM.
5
Waliquiw tata, saraquimay tata, jutHtaw tata.
7
200
LESSON XIX - Dialogue
NOTES
1
ay ampi 'oh'
2
'You're not going anywhere now?'
3
'My head hurts a little.'
After ucat, the negative frequently occurs without -wa.
4
samarafia 'to rest'
5
karifia
6
jayp'Bjjew 'It's already late.' Cf. notes to Dialogue, Lesson XVII.
7
jutataw '(you) come (again).'
'to become tired'
Cf.11Ariaila, Lesson XV.
Future used as an imperative.
LESSON XX -
pa
tun uir lecciona
alaya
arriba
up
aynacha
abajo
down
jarekaila
lavar
to wash
jurpayptu
pasado ma-'ana
the day after tomorrow
in the afternoon
parlatia
hablar
talk
qhitafia
enviar a alguien
to send to someone
sarakaft (ru)
bajar
to go down
tucuna
terminar
to finish
Grammar - SLETLparlaataoui
I.
Future dubitative necessitative:
'Perhaps I'll have to...'
sarafia
saranasHchini
saraiiajjachini
sar4-1
sarapj j anai j Hchini
sarafiamachini
sarapj j anaachini
sarahapachini
sarapi i afiapHchini
Analysis:
Infinitive + (plural infix)
infinitive ending +
/ pronominal suffix
-chi- doubt mi marks future ten se.
N.B.
Neither the
-its nor
the -ma suffix is attached to the verb.
Interrog-
ative sentences do not seem to require -IL.
Subject takes -E7 infix:
e.g.
Nayanjj jutir marajj inas aymar yatekailaijachini.
'Next year I
may have to study Aymara.'
lacanurtiroinaslaTranachari-ea-gehiniNal.
after tomorrow we may have to slaughter (lit.
'The day
behead) some
llamas.'
Jutir phajjsejj nayanjj inas cullacajjar Chuouiakirpanajjachini.
[N.B.
Th:e:::::17ewirculal:::::
model:
III.
El rtiximo mes
a La Paz.]
Future necessitative:
to go.'
MaavyebteomtoatImt:dd::ghttheerS::::az.'
uizd's vo ten a
'I will have to...'
jutapjjahajjgniti
ue ilevar a mi hermana
sarameanitwa 'You will have
I have to come?'
Analysis: Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + infinitive ending +
pronominal%suffix.:v. + -ani- + -wa / -ti.
202
LESSON XX
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuila
M.
Nayanjj inas isinac t'ajjsEtajjgchini.
E.
Nayanjj inas isinac t'ajjsifiajjachini.
M.
jupanjj
E.
Jupanjj inas isinac eajjsiTapachini.
jiwasanjj
E.
Jiwasanjj inas isinac t'ajjsijasNchini.
M.
cart kellkanasgchini
E.
Jiwasanjj inas cart kellkailasNchini.
M.
nanacanjj
E.
Nanacanjj inas cart kellkapjjafiajjachini
M.
jumanjj
E.
Jumanjj inas cart kellkafiamachini.
M.
jupanccanjj
E.
Jupanacanjj inas cart kellkapjjaapachini.
M.
kollkenac jaqhupjjaBapachini
E.
Jupanacanj j inas kollkenac jaqhupjjaiiapachini.
M.
nayanjj
E.
Nayanjj inas kollkenac jaqhul.ajjachini.
M.
jiwasanjj
E.
Jiwasanjj inas kollkenac jaqhuaasachini.
M.
jiwasanacanjj
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas kollkenac jaqhupjjafiasachini.
M.
yap luraa tucupjjar,asachini
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas yap luraii tucupjjanasachini.
M.
nanacanjj
E.
Nanacanjj inas yap lure tucupjjeajjachini.
M.
nayanjj
E.
Nayanjj inas yap lurail tucui'iajj'Achini
203
LESSON XX - Substitution Drill
N.
Pablonjj inas cart kellka'apgchini.
E.
Pablonjj inas cart kellkatiapachini.
nayanjj
E.
Nayanjj inas cart kellka,ajjgchini.
M.
jupanacanjj
E.
Jupanacanjj inas cart kellkapjja-apUchini.
lluch' lurapjjaiapgchini
E.
Jupanacanjj inas lluch
M.
jumanjj
E.
Jumanjj inas lluch' lura-amgchini.
M.
jiwasanacanjj
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas lluch' lurapjjeasgchini.
lurapjjal.:apilchini.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj inas lluch
M.
tata Andres quitapjjaaamgchini
E.
Jumanacanjj inas tata Andres quitapjjeamgchini.
M.
nanacanjj
E.
Nanacanjj inas tata Andres quitapjjallajjgchini.
M.
jupanjj
E.
Jupanjj inas tata Andres qhitarapgchini.
M.
jiwasanacanjj
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas tata Andres qhitapjjalasUchini.
M.
anatapjja:asachini
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas anatapjjanasgchini.
lurapjjelam&chini.
jiwasanjj
E.
Jiwasanjj inas anata,aagchini.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj inas anatapjjahamgchini.
204
M.
Arumanthejj nayanjj inas wanc'unacar sum uj.jaaajjgchini.
E.
Arumanthejj nayanjj inas wanc'unacar sum uajaaajjlchini.
M.
jupanjj
E.
Arumanthejj jupanjj inas wanc'unacar sum ufijegaphchini.
M.
jiwasanjj
E.
Arumanthejj jiwasanjj inas wanc'unacar sum ufijafiashchini.
U.
qhaya aynach estancia saraF'asHchini
E.
Arumanthejj jiwasanjj inas qhaya aynach estancia sarelashchini.
M.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj arumanthejj inas qhaya aynach estancia sarajjCamhchini.
IL
nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj
E.
Nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas qhaya aynach estancia sarajja,ajjgchini.
N.
qhaya alay estancia jutapjjai,ajj'Achini
E.
Nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas qhaya alay estancia jutapjjaajjgchini.
t.
E.
jiwasanacanjj
Jiwasanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas qhaya alay estancia
jutapjjafiasachini.
M.
nayanjj
E.
Nayanjj jurpayp'ojj inas qhaya alay estancia jutabajjgchini.
T.
walja mank'anac phayanajjUchini
E.
Nayanjj jurpayp'ojj inas walja mank'anac phayahajjkchini.
M.
jupanacanjj
E.
Jupanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas walja mank'anac phayapjjeapichini.
H.
nanacanjj jutir phajjsejj
E.
Nanacanjj jutir phajjsejj inas walja mank'anac phayapjjafiajjhchini.
N.
jumanjj
E.
Jumanjj jutir phajjsejj inas walja mank'anac phayafiamUchini.
M.
jiwasanjj
E.
Jiwasanjj jutir phajjsejj inas walja mank'anac phayacasichini.
205
M.
Jumanjj jutir martesajj inas ch'oke yapump ceboll yapump
khech'afiamgchini.
E.
Jumanjj jutir martesajj inas choke yapump ceboll yapump
khech'afiamgchini.
M.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj jutir martesajj inas chtoke yapump ceboll yapump
khech'apjjafiamgchini.
M.
nayanjj
E.
Nayanjj jutir martesajj inas ch'oke yapump ceboll yapump
khech'afiajjAbhini.
M.
wayuchamp wacullamp jarifiaj j gchini
E.
Nayanjj jutir martesajj inas wayuchamp wacullamp jarifiajjgchini*.-
M.
jumanjj jurpayp'ojj
E.
Jumanjj jurpayp'ojj inas wayuchamp wacullamp jarifiamgchini.
M.
jiwasanjj
E.
Jiwasanjj jurpayp'ojj inas wayuchamp wacullamp jarifiasgchini.
N.
lamanamp phuqhump alasifiasgchini
E.
Jiwasanjj jurpayp'ojj inas!lamanamp phuqhump alasifiasgchini.
M.
nanacanjj
E.
Nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas lamanamp phuqhump alnsipjjafiajjUchini.'
M.
jumanacanjj jutir marajj
E.
Jumanacanjj jutir marajj in
M.
Enriquenjj
E.
Enriquenjj jutir marajj inas lamanamp phuqhump alasifiapgchini.
lamanamp phuqhump alasipjjafiamfichini.
iquii,anacamp ponchonacamp sawufiapachini
E.
Enriquenjj jutir marajj inas iquifianacamp ponchonacamp
sawunapachini.
M.
jumanjj kharerojj
E.
Jumanjj khartirojj inas iquiianacamp ponchonacamp sawunamichini.
M.
j upanacanj j
E.
Jupanacanjj kharerojj inas iquifianacamp ponchonacamp sawupjjafiapgchini.
M.
nayanjj
E.
Nayanjj kharlirojj inas iquinanacamp ponchonacamp sawufiajfichini.
206
LESSON XX
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachafia
tucufiajjachini
Nayanjj arumanthejj inas yap lurad
(tucuta)
Jumanjj arumanthejj inas isinac t'ajjsit.
.
tucuriamachini
(tucuga)
tucutapgichini
Jupanjj kharUrojj inas cartanac krAlkafi
(tucufia)
Jiwasanjj kharUrojj inas merk'e isinac ch'ucufi
.
tucamachini
(tucufia)
Jiwasanacanjj jutir marajj inas wanc'unac sum
unjapjjahasachini
(ufijafia)
ufijapjjafiajjgchini
Nanacanjj jutir marajj inas wallpanac sum
(ufijana)
Jumanacanjj kharayp'ojj inas walja aychanac
(mank'ata)
Jupanacanjj kharayp'ojj inas qhaya alay
estancia
.
mank'apjjafiamgchini
sarapjjamachini
(sarafial
saranaj j gchini
Jutir marajj nayanjj inas qhaya alay khath
(sara6a)
Jutir marajj jumanjj inas qhaya kollu pat
(mistua)
mistunamgchini
AruaTathejj jupanjj inas lluch' lure.
tucuyampachini
(tucufia)
Jutir semanajj jiwasanjj inas qhuri aynach
tiend
sarafiaachini
(sarafia)
Arumanthejj jiwasanacanjj inas wawanacasar
sum
ufijafiasgchini
.(ufijafia)
Kharayp'ojj nanacanjj inas jan wali arunac
parlapjjafiajOchini
(parlailia)
yatekapjjariamgchini
Kharayp'ojj jumanacanjj inas pouch sawufi
(yatekafia)
Kharayp'ojj j upanacanj j inas walj a iquifianac
apanipjjafiapRchini
(apanifia)
Nayanjj jutir juevesajj inas mamajjar uljir
sarafiajjachini
(sarafia)
Jumanjj jutir martesajj inas ch'oke yapump ceboll
YaPumP
.(khech'aja)
khech'afiamachini
2G7
LESSON XX - Completion Drill
jutafiap4chini
Jupanjj jurpilrojj inas tiopan utap visitir
(jutaiia)
Jiwasanjj jurpgrojj inas qhaya jisc'a tiendan
thokofiasgchini
.(thokofia)
Jiwasanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas machak
that
lurapjjadasgchini
(lurama)
Nanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas walja libronac
.
leepjjanajjgchini
(leefia)
Jumanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas aynach estanciar
.
sarakapjjanamgchini
(sarakaila)
Jupanacanjj jurpayp'ojj inas aynach utar
.
sarakapjjafiapachivi
(sarakea),
Questions and Answers - Jisceananacampi ivaw sananacampi
4-.'
Answer with inas...
M.
Jumanjj marc saraaamgniti?
E.
Nayanjj inas marc saraiiajjgchini.
N.
Jumanacanjj samarapjjahamgniti?
E.
Inas nanacanjj samarapjjafiajjgchini,
N.
Jumanjj ch'ok alasifiamgniti?
E.
Nayanjj chlok alasifiajjhchini.
N.
Jupanjj arumanthejj wallpanac alapapgniti?
E.
Arumanthejj jupanjj inas wallpanac alanapgchini.
M.
Jumanjj jutir marajj aymar yatekafiamgniti?
E.
Nayanjj jutii marajj aymar yatekaEajjgchini.
M.
Arumanthejj inas yap lurafiajjgchini?
E.
JYsa, arumanthejj inas yap lurariamgchini.
Me Jurpgrojj inas wal parlapjjanajjgchini?
E.
J7sa, jurpgrojj inas wal parlapjjafiamgchini.
M.
Cartanac kellkapjjaAamati?
E.
Inas cartanac kellkapjjafiajjgchini.
EL
Kollkenac jaqhuhajjati?
E.
Inas kollkenac jaqhudamgchini.
208
LESSON XX - Questions and Answers
M.
Awicha, yokamanjj vaca aijir khath sarailapaniti?
E.
Inas saraiapIchini.
M.
Tata, nanacanjj jutir semanajj pelot anatir jutapjjafiajjaniti?
E.
Inas jutapjjanamachini.
M.
Mama, phuchamamp nayampejj thokopjjanajjaniti?
E.
Inas thokopjjahamachini.
M.
Lulu, jumanjj t'awr kapunamaniti?
E.
Inas kapuhajjachini.
M.
Petrona, tatamajj yap luranapaniti?
E.
Inas luraaapachini.
M.
Tio, jiwasanacanjj kawranacamp ovejanacamp awatipjjafiasaniti?
E.
Inas awatipjjafiasachini, janiw yatcti.
M.
Cristina, jumamp tatamampejj ponch sawupjjanamaniti?
E.
Inas sawupjjafiajjachini.
M.
Achila, nayanjj qhuchinac chariiiajjaniti?
E.
Inas qhariftamachini.
M.
Tatay, jumanjj yapunac khollinamaniti?
E.
Inas kholliiiajjachini.
M.
Jila, jiwasanjj walja mank'anac phayafiasaniti?
E.
Inas phayaftasachini.
M.
Cullaca, jumamp Pablompejj..ana4Pijafiamati?
E.
Inas anatapjjaftajjachini.
M.
Mamita, jumanjj wawar jaribamati?
E.
Inas jariciajgchini.
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA JUSTINANP TATA DAVIDAMPIW PARLAPJJE
Justina:
Jilata
David:
Cullaquitay..
J:
Cuns lurascta?
D:
Chac asquichascta.
J:
Walic asquichtajja, inas qhaya jisc'a chacamp asquichaiiamach:Lri.
.
20c,'
LESSON XX - Dialogue
Janiw asquichcati, cunalaycutejj janiw qhitis yanapquituti,
D:
inas arumanthejj jakenacajj jutapjjchini.
Tata David walic asquichtajja.
J:
Mastirojj tata Pedron wawapaX
escuelaruw sari, jallojj wal puri, ucat umaij aca,jawiran
waljaw utji, Pedron wawapajj janiw aca chac maqhatquiti,
cunalaycutejj aca chacaj.j janiw walYquiti.
Jichhajj waliquiwa,
tata Pedromp tatanacampejj cusisipjjaniwa.
Waliquiw Justina, nayajj comunidadar yanapaLajjawa, inas
D:
jutir semanajj escuel ut asquichabajjachini.
Ucajj wall sumawa, inas aca estancianquir jakenacajj ma
J:
jachia fiest lurapjjchini, cunalaycutejj jumajj wall sum
yanaptajja, inas jumanjj thokoiiamachini.
JMsa, ,ucampis nayajj janiw kollk muncti, nayajj aca estanciasar
D:
yanapa;i munta, cunalaycutejj estanciasajj wall pobrewa, janiw
suma escuelajj utj quiti, janiw clinicajj utjquitj., janiw, sums
utanacajj utjquiti.
Mama Justina, jumajj tawakonacar
parlalamawa, inas jupanacanjj yanapapjjeapachini.
Waliquiw tata David, nayajj arumanthiw-harian utap sarg'jupamp
J:
parlanataqui.
JiChhajj sari. tats David
sara...
Waliquiw Justina, waliquiwa..,
D:
MAMA JUSTINAMP TATA DAVIDAMPEJJ Mg JAN UAT'AT WAYNJJAT PARLAPJJE'
J:
Jilata...
D:
Cullaquitay...
2
Cunarac lurasct jilata?
Ay cullaquita, nayajj aca
lumasti, cawquits3jutascta?
1):
isinacajj eajjsiscta.
Marc sarta, ucat jutascta. Jichhtirojj jakenacajj ma jan uf,t'at
waynaraw catokapjjani, yattati?4
Janiw yatcti, qhitirac5 uca waynasti?
1):
JanYraw unt'cti, tatajjajj --gringow uca waynajj --siwa.6
D:
Qhitin utaparus uca waynajj puri?
J:
Tata Andres Mamanin utaparuw puri.
estanciancan siwa.7
Uca waynajj pH maraw aca
.
210
LESSON XX - Dialogue
8
D:
Cunarac lurpachani?
J:
Take cunan jakenacar yanapan siwa.
lee.1 kellkafi yatichan siwa.9
Ovejanac sum uywati yatichani,
10
D:
Ah, uqhamajj nayajj jichhayp'uw sara uca waynamp jiquisiri.
J:
Janit yatctasti?
D:
Uqhgmajjnayajj jicitipachawilsara.
J:
Nayas12 ucat jichhaj,, tak marcat jutta, cunalaycutejj wank'
phayatajjawa.
D:
Thokorejj utjaniti?
J:
Ji'sa,utjaniw siwa, janit jumajj sarcata?
D:
Nayajj saran muntwa.
J:
Uqhamajj jiquisinaniw jilata, sarawayjja.
D:
Saraquimay cullaquita, walic aviseistajja.
Jichhilrojj fiest lurapjjan siwa.
13
14
1
Ian uneat 'unknown'.
Uneata is the passive participle of the
infinitive unt'afia 'to know (people), be acquainted with' (Sp. conocer)
-ta is added to the verb stem and replaces the infinitive ending
-fia.
waynjjat 'about a boy'; -jjat ' about'
affectionate diminutive of cullaca.
2
cullaquita:
3
cawquits?'from where?' cawqui- + t + interrogative marker.
4
ucat 'from there (lit. 'from that').'
catokafa (+Iv]
'to receive'
matika 'to know (how)' (Sp. saber).
5
qhitirac: -raqui is an interrogative particle attached to an
interrogative pronoun.
Rudimentos suggests -raqui in this context
is more familiar than -sa.
The interrogative particle -sti is often
attached to the last component of the predicate to parallel the use
of -raaui with the subject.
6
JanYraw ufiecti 'I still don't know.'
siwa 'It is said, they say, he says.'
stories.
Siwa is often used in recounting
The infinitive is safia 'to say', the only monosyllabic root
in the language and irregular in its conjugation:
211
LESSON XX - Dialogue - Notes
safa
punctual
sapj j tan
sistan
sista
sapjj ta
sista
sapj jia
si
sapjje
Luture
,
saLajatiini
sabani
sad
sapjja
sata
sap!ijata
seni
sapjjani
7
estanciancan 'Be is to be in the community;'
contraction of estanciancani; infinitive estanciancana
8
Cunarac lurpachani?
lurpachani:
'What will he be doing, most likely?'
future Jurani + insfix -7,acha-
probably;'-p=cha-
inserted after the verb stem and before the personal ending connotrs
strong probability; in the plural - pachae.g.
allow
the
whamapachawa 'it should be so'.
anatascapjjpachawa 'They should be playing'; cf. also note 11
below.
9
take cunan 'in all those things'
/ammo contraction of yanapani, 'he will help'
uvwe.a 'to raise (animals)'; cf. uvwa 'domestic animal'
10
jiquisiaa + -3121..1 'to meet (with)' parallels the Spanish model
encontrarse con.
11
isichipachawa
time.'
'right ncw.'
Pacha can serve as a noun meaning 'place,
Cf. compounds pachamama 'earth, earth goddess, female
fertility spirit.'
Cf. also note 8 above.
-sa here is an exclamatory suffix.
12
nayas.:
13
Thokorejj utjaniti? 'Will there be dancing?'
On the use of the -ri suffix added to verbal roots, cf. Grammar,
Lesson VI.
Other examples:
kollaia 'to cure'/kolliri 'doctor;'
yapuchana 'to work the fields' /yapuchiri '(field) worker; awatiia
'to pasture'/awatiri'shepherd;' Alayana 'to cook/phayiri
catinia 'to fish'/caturi 'fisherman,' ai'saraila 'to feae/aiisariri
'shy person'
14
aviseana 'to inform, notify.
Cf. Sp. avisar.
212
LESSON XXI - PH tunca mayanir lecciona
Grammar - Suma parlailataqui
I.
Daitativelutare negative:
'I may not...; probably won't...'
munata
muncchiniti
muncchYti
munapcchtiHniti
munapechiti
muncchItata
munapcchYtati
muncchiniti
munapcchiniti
Analysisyvemb stem + (plural infix) + discontinuous negative infix + -chi+ personal endings + discontinuous negative infix.
mun- + -c- + -chi- + i + ti = muncchYti
Endings:
N.B.
1
-i-
2
-Ititt.
3
rni-
-ani
-ani
zita-ni-
The negative takes the form jan.
With dubitative verb forms,-wa
is not permitted in the sentence (the form janiw is thus impossible);
jani can then be contracted to jan.
The suffix -its may be attached
to the verb.
e.g.
Jiwasajj arumanthejj inas jan cafe umcchianiti.
'Tomorrow morning we probably won't drink coffee.'
raj j,
kharliroj j inas i an isinac t'a lscchiti.
'This morning I may not wash clothes.'
Jutir marajj jumajj inas jan Chuquiag sarcchYti.
'Next year you probably won't go to La Paz.'
7'
213
LESSON
XKI
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuna
M.
Nayajj inas jan mank'chhMti.
E.
Nayajj inas jan manlecchiti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj inas jan mank'cchitaLi.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj inas jan
N.
parlcchiEgniti
E.
Jiwasajj inas jan parlcchifigniti.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj inas jan parlapcchiti.
H.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj inas jan parlapcchYtati.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj inas jan parlcchiniti.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj inas jan parlapcchiMniti.
M.
jarekasipcchidaniti
E.
Jiwasanacajj inas jan jarekasipcchianiti.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj inas jan jarekasipcchiniti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj inas jan jarekascchYti.
i.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj inas jan jarekascchYtati.
M.
muncchYtati
E.
Jumajj inas jan muncchYtati.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj inas jan muncchiUniti.
M.
Nayajj inas jan yap lurcchYti.
E.
Nayajj inas jan yap lurcchTti.
N.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj inas jan yap lurcchianiti.
214
LESSON XXI - Substitution Drill
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj inas jan yap lurcchTtati.
M.
chawil catcch!tati
E.
Jumajj inas jan chawll catcchTtati.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj inas jan chawll catupcchiniti.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj inas jan chawll catcchiniti.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj inas jan chawil catupcchYtati.
M.
isinac ch'ucupcch!tati
E.
Jumanacajj inas jan isinac ch'ucupcch2tati.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj inas jan isinac ch'ucchianiti.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj inas jan isinac ch'ucchiniti.
N.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj inas jan isinac ch'ucupcchianiti.
N.
Chuquiagur puripcchianiti.
E.
Jiwasanacajj inas jan Chuquiagur puripcchinllniti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj inas jan Chuquiagur purcchiti.
M.
tatajjajj
E.
Tatajjajj inas jan Chuquiagur purcchiniti.
M.
Nayajj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churcch!ti.
E.
Nayajj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churcchYti.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churcchifiNniti.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churapcchiniti.
M.
Pedron utap visitir sarapcchiniti
E.
Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas jan Pedron utap visitir sarapcchiniti.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj inas jan Pedron utap visitir sarapcehifill-j.ti.
215
M.
nanacajj jutir marajj
E.
Nanacajj jutir marajj inas jan Pedfon utap visitir sarapcchYti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj jutir marajj inas jan Pedicn utap visitir saicchTti.
M.
tatajjan kawrap awatcch!ti
E.
Nayajj jutir marajj inas jan tatajjan kaurap awatcchYti.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj jutir marajj inas jan tatajjan kawrap awatipcchhati.
N.
jupanacan arumanthen
E.
Jupanacajj arumanthejj inas jan tatajjan kawrap awatipcchiniti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj arumanthejj inas jan tatajjaa kawrap avatcchltati.
N.
amigoman yapup lurcchMtati
E.
Jumajj arumanthejj inas jan amigoman yapup lUicchYtati.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jupajj arumanthejj inas jan amigoman yapup lurcchiniti:'
M.
jiwasajj khartrojj
E.
Jiwasajj khartrojj inas jan ar2igosan yapup lurcchianiti.
N.
Tatajjamp mamajjampejj jurpUrojj inas jan yapunacap lurapcchiniti.
E.
Tatajjamp mamajjampejj jurpUron inas jan yapunacap lurapcchiniti.
N.
nayamp jilajjampejj
E.
Nayamp jilajjampejj jurpUrojj inas jan yapunacajj lurapcchYti.
M.
jumamp cullacanacamampejj
E.
Jumamp cullacanacamampejj jurpUron inas jan yapunacam lurapcchitati.
isinacam t'ajjsipechYtati
E.
Jumamp cullacanacamampejj jurpUrojj inas jan isinacam eajjsipcchTtati.
nayamp jumanacampejj jutir semanajj
E.
Nayamp jumanacampejj jutir semanajj inas jan isinacas t'ajjsipcchingniti.
M.
Pedromp jilanacapampejj
E.
Pedromp jilanacapampejj jutir semanajj inas jan isinacap
t'ajjsipcchiniti.
M.
ch'oke yapunacap khech'apcchiniti
E.
Pedromp jilanacapampejj jutir semanajj inas jan ch'oke yapunacap.
khech'apcchiniti.
216
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj jutir semanajj inas jan yapunacam khech'cchitati.
M.
tata Timoteojj
E.
Tata Timoteojj jutir semanajj inas jan yapunacap khech'cchiniti.
M.
jumamp nayampejj kharayp'ojj
E.
Jumamp nayampejj kharayp'ojj inas jan yapunacas khech'cchifiHniti.
M.
Josean uywanacapar mank' churcchinUniti
E.
Jumamp nayampejj kharayp'ojj inas jan Josean uywanacapar mank'
churcchianiti.
M.
nayamp yokanacajjampejj
E.
Nayamp yokanacajjampejj kharayp'ojj inas jan Josean uywanacapar
mank' churapcchYti.
EL
jiwasanacajj jurpayp'ojj
E.
Jiwasanacajj jurpayp'ojj inas jan Josean uywanacapar mank'
churapcchianiti.
EL
Marian utapan mank' phayapcchiFiHniti
E.
Jiwasanacajj jurpayp'ojj inas jan Marian utapan mank' phayapcchifigniti.
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachana
Nayajj arumanthejj inas jan tiojjan yapup lurafi
tucchYti
(tucuia)
Jumajj arumanthejj inas jan Pedron utap
pichcchhati
(pichaga)
Jupajj jutir marajj inas jan mamapan walipap
sum uiijcchiniti
(ufijafia)
Jiwasajj jutir marajj inas jan amigosan marcap
sarcchiOniti
(saraila)
Jiwasanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas jan Pablon
ponchop
(sawi;la)
sawupcchianiti
Nanacajj jutir phajjsejj inas jan jilaman
iquirTanacap
.
(apania)
apanipcchYti
Jumanacajj jurplirojj inas jan tata Josean
uywanacap
(awatitia)
awatipcchYtati
Jupanacajj jurplirojj inas jan suma arunac
.
(parlaila)
parlapcchiniti
217
LESSON XXI
Completion Drill
Jutir marajj nayajj inasjan qhaya alay 1...hath
.
sarcchYti
(saran a)
Jutir marajj jumajj inas jan qhaya kollu
pat
.
mistechhati
(mistuha)
Jutir semanajj jupajj inas jan iluch'
tucchiniti
(tucuna)
luraL
Jutir semanajj jiwasajj inas jan qhuri aynach
tiend
sarcchiAniti
.(sarana)
Kharayp'ojj jiwasanacajj inas jan wawanacasar
sum
uajapcchianiti
.(ufdaria)
Kharayp'ojj nanacajj inas jan wali.. arunac
parlapcchiti
(parlana)
JurpUrojj jumanacajj inas jan porch saw 1
yatekapcchitati
.(yatekea)
JurpUrojj jupanacajj inas jan walja iquilanac
apanipcchiniti
.(apanina)
n i jan mamajjar
Nayajj jutir juevesanas
.(sarea)
uT.jir
sarc-chiti
Jumajj jutir juevesajj inas jan choke yapump.
khech'cchYtati
(khech'afia)
Jupajj jurpUrojj inas jan tiopan utap visitir
jutcchiniti
(jutana)
Jiwasajj jurpUrojj inas jan qhaya jisc'a
tiendan
.
(thckona)
thokcchiaHniti.
Jiwasanacajj jurpayr'ojj inas jan machak thac
lurancchigniti
.(lurafia)
Nanacajj jurpayp'ojj inas jan awichajjan
vacanacap sum
.
(awatifia)
awatipcchiti
Jumanacajj kharUrojj inas jan aynach estanciar
.(sarnakafia).
sarakapcchhati
Jupanacaj j kharUrojj inas jan qhaya aynach utar
.(saraakaria).
sarakapcchiniti
218
LESSON XXI
Questions and Answers -Xiscttarianacampi i aw saianacampi
IL
Arumanthejj isinac t'ajjsYtati?
E.
Inas jan isinac eajjscchiti.
M.
Jutir marajj Chuquiagur saratati?
E.
Jutir marajj inas jan Chuquiagur sarcchiti.
M.
Kharllrojj aymar yatekapjjatati?
E.
Khariirojj inas jan aymar yatekapcchiti.
M.
Arumanthejj cafe umafianiti?
E.
Arumantejj inas jan cafe umcchiaaniti.
M.
Jutir marajj qhaya alay khat saratati?
E.
Jutir marajj inns jan qhaya alay khat sarcchYti.
II.
Jurplirojj tiopan utap saraniti?
E.
Jupajj inas jan tiopan utap sarcchiniti.
M.
Jutir marajj inas qhaya kollu pat jan mistcchTti?
E.
Jutir marajj inas qhaya kollu pat jan mistcchitati.
M.
Jupanacajj jarekasipjjaniti?
E.
Jupanacajj inas jan jarekasipcchiniti.
Jumanacajj mank'apjjatati?
E.
Nanacajj inas jan mank'apcchYti.
M.
Cuns arumantehjj jumajj lurata?
E.
Janiw yatcti, inas jan cuns lurcchYti.
Jiwasanacajj arumanthejj is eajjsipjjaianiti?
E.
Inas jan eajjsipcchillniti.
M.
Tata, Pedrojj arumanthejj marc saraniti?
E.
Inas jan sarcchiniti.
M.
Nayamp jumampejj kharilrojj cuns lurafiani?
E.
Inas jan cuns lurcchifianiti.
N.
Tata Carlos, nanacajj cuns lurapjja jutir semanajja?
E.
Inas jan cuns lurapcchitati, janiw yatcti.
M.
Cawcs khariirojj Joseajj jutani?
E.
Inas jan jutcchiniti.,
M.
Jutir semanajj jiwasanacajj mank'apjjailani?
219
LESSON XXI - Questions and Answors
Negative
E.
Inas jan cuns mank'apcchifigniti.
M.
Lulu, mamamajj kharayWojj cuns ch'ucuni?
E.
Inas 'jan cuns ch'ucchiniti.
M.
Yokalla, cullacamajj khargrojj kbath saraniW
E.
Inas jan sarcchiniti.
N.
Mamay, tatajjajj khaxgrojj cawcs sarani?
E.
Inas jan cawcs sarcchiniti.
M.
Tatay, awichajjajj visitir jutaniti?
E.
Inas jan jutcchiniti.
Jumanacajj pelot anacir sarapjjgtati'
E.
Inas jan sarapcchMti.
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA JUANAJJ Mg. VOLUNTARIAAPII: PARLI
Voluntaria:
Buenos dias mama Juana,. nayaw visitir jutta mama,
Juana:
Walic mam juttajja, acawj arusay koneasimmama.
V:
Waliquiw mama. Ay mama suma wila ponchs sawusctajja.
Qhititaquis mama,aca.ponchojja?
J:
Ay mama, chachajjataquiw punch sawuscta mama.
thayaw wal thayji, ucat jupatac sawuscta.
1
NT:
Juparcjj
Waliquiw mama, wall sumawa.. Ay mara, nayajj lluch' alasin
munta, qhitis lluch' p'itaA yati.92.
J:
Mama Susanan cullapaw lluch' p'itarijj yati, inae jan
aljasi, muncchiniti. Oititaquis alaft muntajja?
V:
Ay mama, tatajjataquiw ala munta. Tatajjajj Estadoe
senanaw mg,cartaatados Unidos
Unidosmarcanquiwa.
marcat kellkanitu, jupajj mg suma lluch''muni, ucat nayajj
jupataquiw alasiz munta.
J:
Tatamajj jach'a'p'ekeniti?
Janiw ancha jach'gquiti.
4
5
J:
Inas lluch'ojj tatamatac jan walTechiniti, cunalaycutejj
acanjj jisc'a Waken jakenacataquiquiw pitapjje.
V:
Inas jan sumgcchiniti, ucampis nayajj tatajjaruw mg suma
lluch'u churaiimunta.'
220
LESSON XXI - Dialogue
J:
Huarinan suma lluch'unacajj utji, aca estancianjj janiw
sum p'itapquiti, inas mama Susanajj sum p'itchi.b
V:
Cawqhas Huarin marcajj mama?
J:
Huarin marcajj qhaya kota qhurcatancquis uca jach'a marcawa.
V:
Uqhgmajj jutir miercolesaw sarg.
J:
Waliquiw mama. Nayajj aca ponch tucg,ucat inas chompamp
lluch'ump alja:Latac lurchY.
V:
Walic mama, inas arumanthejj jan jutcchYti, jurpUruw
jutaraquY mama, sarawayjj1 mama.?
janiw nayajj u5jcti.
8
Waliquiw mama, jutaquitaw mama.
Inas nayajj jan acancchYti,
ucampis wawanacajjajj acancascaniwa.
J:
NOTES
'Have a seat here, do a.'
1
acawja '(in) this place;' acawjaru 'in this place.'
acawa 'here.'
kont'asi.;a r.rul
e.g.
: cf. Spanish por aca sentate.
aca sillar kont'asim 'have a seat in this chair'
2
p'itafia 'to weave'
3
Estados Unidos marcat kellkanitu.'He wrote to me from a town in the
United States.'
4 jachlaylekeniti? 'Does he have a large head?'
peke + -ni- possessive infix + -fia:
e.g.
p'ekenifia, lit. 'to have a head'
wali p'ekeniwa. 'He is very intelligent.'
5
an ha 'much, very'
6
Inas mama Susanajj sum p'itchi. 'Possibly dofia Susana weaves well.'
Doubt is expressed by the addition of -chi- to the punctual verb stem.
Note also the addition of -chi- to the future stem just described in
Lesson XIX.
7 htarag31 'I will come again.'
Future very_ stem + -raqui7 + person z.1
ending.
8
jutaqataw 'come again.'
Future verb stem + -qui- + long vowel
(Cf.future jutgta) + personal ending.
LESSON XXII - P'-Y_
Rayanir
allojja
harto, abundamente
a lot, =ply
aynacha
abajo, debajo
down
ayre.a
plantar
to plant
doctora (tuctura)
doctor
doctor
kolla
medicina
medicine
kollana (ru)
curer
to cure
kolliri
medico
doctor
lawa
palo
stick
lechuga (lichuwa)
lechuga
lettuce
Grammar - Suma parlaataqui
'perhaps I may, not have to ..."
fubitatiiietuttite.. Negative Necessitative:
lurahatiacchiniti
lurariasgcchiniti
lurapijailasacPhiniti
lurapilaieNcgtiniti
lurailamgcchiniti
lurahapHcchiniti
Analysis:
Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + infinitive ending
+ personal pronoun + negetivec.r.
-mini-A- negative -t5,
The subject of the verb takes the infix -n- (Emanii)
and the negative ianiw is contracted to jan:
'I probably won't
e.g.
have to work the fields.'
,
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuna
M.
Nayanjj inas jan jachanajgcchiniti.
E.
Nayanjj inas jan jachanajjacchiniti.
M
jupanacanjj
E.
Jupanacanjj inas jan jachapjjanapacchiniti.
222
LESSON XXII - Substitution Drill
M.
jiwasanjj
E.
Jiwasanjj inas jan jachafiasacchiniti.
M.
kollanasacchiniti
E.
Jiwasanjj inas jan kollafiasacchiniti.
N.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj inas jan kollapjjafiamacchiniti.
M.
jiwasanacanjj
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas jan kollapjjafiasacchiniti.
U.
jumanjj
E.
Jumanjj inas jan kollaftamacchiniti.
M.
ayrufiamacchiniti
E.
Jumanjj inas jan ayrufiamacchiniti.
M.
jupanacanjj
E.
Jupanacanjj inas jan ayrupjjafiapacchiniti.
M.
jiwasanacanjj
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas jan ayrupjjafiasacchiniti.
M.
nanacanjj
E.
Nanacanjj inas jan ayrupjjaiajjacchiniti.
M.
khollipjjadajjacchiniti
E.
Nanacanjj inas jan khollipjjanajjacchiniti.
M.
nayanjj
E.
Nayanjj inas jan khollifiajjacchiniti.
t.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj inas jan khollipjjanamacchiniti.
Nayanjj inas jan chawll catufiajjacchiniti.
E.
Nayanjj inas jan chawll catufiajjacchiniti.
M.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj inas jan chawll catupjjafiamacchiniti
N.
jumanjj
E.
Jumanjj inas jan chawll catufiamacchiniti.
M.
Marian utap jutafiamacchiniti
E.
Jumanjj inas jan Marian utap jutafiamacchiniti.
Ni.
jiwasanjj
E.
Jiwasanjj inas jan Marian utap jutatlasaccbiniti.
H.
nanacanjj
E.
Nanacanjj inas jan Marian utap jutapjjatiajjgcchiniti.
M.
Josean libronacap leepjjarlajjacchiniti
E.
Nanacanjj inas jan Josean libronacap leepjjafiajjacchiniti.
jupanjj
E.
Jupanjj inas jan Josean libronacap lee apcchiniti.
M.
jiwasanacanjj
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas jan Josean libronacap leepjjanasacchiniti.
M.
jach'a kawranac alasipjjanasMcchiniti
L.
Jiwasanacanjj inas jan jach'a kawranac alasipjjailasacchiniti.
M.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj inas jan jach'a kawranac alasipjjanamgcchiniti.
M.
jupanacanjj
E.
Jupanacanjj inas jan jach'a kawranac alasipjjafiapacchiniti.
nayanjj
E.
Nayanjj inas jan jach'a kawranac alasifiajjkchiniti.
M.
ch'oke yapunac khech'afiajjHcchiniti
E.
Nayanjj inas jan ch'oke yapunac khech'afiajjgcchiniti.
M.
Nayanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Chuquiagur apanajjacchiniti.
E.
Nayanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Chuquiagur apanajjacchiniti.
M.
jiwasanjj
E.
Jiwasanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Chuquiagur apeasacchiniti.
N.
jupanjj
E.
Jupanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Chuquiagur apaaapgcchiniti.
M.
Boliviat apanihapilcchiniti.
E.
Jupanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Boliviat apaniilapticchiniti.
N.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj inas jan jach'a lawanac Boliviat apanipjjadamacchiniti.
M.
walja kawranac
E.
Jumanacanjj inas jan walja kawranac Boliviat apanipjjaaamacchiniti.
T1.
jiwasanacanjj
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas jan walja kawranac Boliviat apanipjjafiasacchiniti.
M.
lechuganac ayrupjjafiasilcchiniti.
E.
Jiwasanacanjj inas jan welja lechuganac ayrupjjanasacchiniti.
IL
jumanjj
E.
Jumanjj inas jan walja lechuganac ayrufiamHcchiniti
M.
jupanacanjj
E.
Jupanacanjj inas jan walja lechuganac ayrupjjatiapHcchiniti.
escuel wawanacar kollapjjallapHcchiniti
E.
Jupanacanjj inas jan walja escuel wawanacar kollapjjagapacchiniti.
M.
nanacanjj
E.
Nanacanjj inas jan walja escuel wawanacar kollapjjariajgcchiniti.
N.
nayanjj
E.
Nayanjj inas jan walja escuel wawanacar kollanajjgcchiniti.
M.
jupanjj
E.
Jupanjj inas jan walja escuel wawanacar kollahapHcchiniti.
M.
Nayanjj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churailajjgcchiniti.
E.
Nayanjj arumanthejj inas yan uywanacar mank' churanajjgcchiniti.
N.
jupanacanjj
E.
Jupanacanjj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churapjjafiapacchiniti.
IL
jumanjj
E.
Jumanjj arumanthejj inas jan uywanacar mank' churafiamUcchiniti.
M.
walja koll umafiamacchiniti
E.
Jumanjj arumanthejj inas jan walja koll umanamgcchiniti.
N.
jiwasanji jutir marajj
E.
Jiwasanjj jutir marajj inas jan walja koll umaliasacchiniti.
jumanacanjj
E.
Jumanacanjj jutir marajj inas jan walja koll umapjjaiiamacchiniti.
tunca pheskan wawanacar jaripjjaiiamacchiniti
E.
Jumanacanjj jutir marajj, inas jan tunca pheskan wawanacar
jaripjjanamUcchiniti.
N.
jupanjj jutir phajjsejj
E.
Jupanjj jutir phajjsejj inas jan tunca pheskan wawanacar
jarinapUcchiniti.
N.
jiwasanacanjj
E.
Jiwasanacanjj jutir phajjsejj, inas jan tunca pheskan wawanacar
jaripjjatasacchiniti.
Pablon vacapar ajjsarapjjanaacchiniti
NOSS27
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-a
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14
Crueovueu
-a
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amen semerregerrdTaeqb
4
an an
-a
Crueoeuuti
muppogrutmccdutia
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1
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amen .umudeuerrdTavqb
tier
.0.00.110MMOMOMMIAMMO
usupb
.........
uopetdmoD TTT41 - ouunav vuegovnotid
CrueAvg seuT
tier
T3TuTtloonrreuvanT
deA
Cruumnr seuT uur deA
IlTuTtloonmeuvanT
rfuednr seuT
muTtiooRdeuvanT
tier
drA
CruesemTr sent uer deA
muTtionseuvanT
Cruvoeuesumu seuT imp dvA
T3TnplooRsuperpeanT
Crueoeuem seuT uuC (WA
T4TupponCrugerrdeani
Crueoruemni seuT uer dvA
muploonmeuerrdeanT
Crueoeuedni seuT uer
mupporideuerrdeanT
sell' tier
seui
deli
CpueAuu
(euvaes)!
uur Cruumnr on TT
.
seui ueC rruednC
sett' tier
muTtioonmumeaus
(eptaes).
Meaumes).
Cruesumg on TT
suul uer CrueovuusemTr ST
svui uur rrueoeueu lavo
sell' tier
muTtioonrceuvaestputin
Crueovuumnr oeuvre/to
seui uer rrueovuednf 3vueame13
T3TuTtlooRdv4exemes
T4Tuppoper:mun,
(euumn).
13) re
(euTs
MeATTel)°
comerte)'
(EUnden).
a
CP muTtiooRsEll;eccciTs
fe'4u C Non"Mu
muTtioogmeuerrderTe
muppoRdugerrdnden
LESSON XXII - Completion Drill
Jutir phajjsejj nayanjj inas jan cullacajjar
Chuquiag
.(irpafia)
.
irpailajjgcchirdti
Jutir phajjsejj jumanjj inas jan mania Nariamp
thokofiamacchiniti
.(thokolia)
Arumanthejj jupanjj inas jan tata Pedr6U
utap
.(saralia)
saraiiapV..cchiniti
Arumanthej j jiwasanjj inas jan wanc'unacar
mank'
.(Churafia)
churatiasacc'ninit.:.
Kharayp'ojj jiwasanacanjj inas jan walja
chawllanac
catupjjarlasgechiniti
(catuna)
Kharayp'ojj nanacanjj inas jan tata Joseaa
utap
iquipjjailajjacchiniti
JullArojj jumanacanjj inas jaa Marian wawapar
kollapjjailatt.gcchiniti
.(kollatia)
JurpUrojj jupanacanjj inas jan walja cebollanac
ayrupj jafiapgcchittiti
.(ayrufia)
Nayanjj arumanthejj inas jan yap lurafi
.
tucuilajjlicchiniti
(tucta)
Jumanjj arumanthejj,inas jau isinac eajjsiE
.(tucufia)
tucurlamacchiniti
Jupanjj kharUrojj inas jan mama Mariar
kollanapacchiniti
(kollafia)
Jiwasanjj kharUrojj inas jars incrk2e isinac
ch'ucuiiasacchir.iti
(ch'ucufia)
Jiwasanacanjj jutir marajj inas jan wanc'unac
sum
.(unjafia)
urjapjjenarltechiniti
Nanacanjj jutir marajj inas jan wallpanac sum
ufijapjjagajjacchititi
Jumanacanjj kharayp'ojj inas jan walja
lechugasanac
.(ayrufia)
ayrupjjafiamgcchiniti
Jupanacanjj khartrojj inas
utar visitir
sarakapjjAiapacchiniti
an qhaya aynach
.(sarakafia)
Nayanjj inas jan ut
(pichana)
cutejj marc sarafiajjawa.
Jumanjj inas jan cart
ovej a7atihamawa.
,
,
cunalayr.
cunalaycutejj
Jupanjj inas jan ceboll(ayrufia): , cunalaycutejj
thokor saraliapawa.
pichabajjacchiniti
kellkabamacchiniti
ayrunapgcchiniti
L
228
LESSON XXII - Completion Drill
Jiwasanjj inas jan kot (sarafia),cunalaycutejj
sarafiasacchiniti
isinac Cajjsinasawa.
lurapjjafiasacchiniti
, cunaJiwasanacanjj inas jan yap (luralia)
laycutejj escuel wawanacar kollapjjafiasawa.
Nanacanjj inas jan pouch (sawufia), cunalaycutejj
waija libronac leepjjafiajjawa.
sawupjjafiajjacchiniti
Jumanacanjj inas jan choke yap (khech'afia),
cunalaycutejj qhaya aynach mare
khechlapjjafiamacchiniti
sarakapjjafiamawa.
Jupanacanjj inas jan kollanac (umafia), cunalaycutejj Chuquiag doctoran utap sarapjjafiapawa.
umapjjafiapacchiniti
Inas jan adobenac (lurafia), cunalaycutejj lawanac
marcar apafiajjawa.
lurafiajjacchiniti
Inas jan pouch (sawu4a)
,
cunalaycutejj lluch'
sawufiamacchiniti
lurafi tucafiamawa.
Inas jan wank' (phayafia), cunalaycutejj Chuquiag
phayafiasacchiniti
sarafiasawa.
Inas jan pokot
cunalaycutejj waija
alasifiapacchiniti
aych mank'afiapawa.
Inas jan ovejanac (jaqhufia), cunalaycutejj chawll
catur kot sarapjjafiasawa.
jaqhupjjariasacchinit5.
Inas jan machak ut (utachafia), cunalaycutejj
merk'e utanac asquichapjjafiajjawa.
utachapjjafiajjacchiniti
Inas jan ovej (awatifia), cunalaycutejj samarapjjaaamawa.
awatipjjafiamacchiniti
Inas. jan kollirin utap (sarafia), cunalaycutejj
waija koll umapjjafiapawa.
sarapjjafiapacchiniti
Questions and Answers - Jisct'afianacampi iyaw safianacampi
Answer with 5,nas in the negative.
H.
Jumanjj yap luratamati?
A.
Nayanjj inas jan yap luranajjacchiniti
M.
Nayanjj koll sarafiajjati?
A.
Inas jan koll sarafiamacchiniti.
M.
Jupanjj isinac t'ajjsifiapati?
A.
Inas jan eajjsifiapacchiniti.
22.9
LESSON XXII - Questions and Answers
M.
Nanacanjj allojj libronac leepjjaEajjati?
A.
Inas jan libronac leepjjafiamgcchiniti.
M.
Jutir marajj cullacamar Chuquiagur irpanamati?
A.
Jutir marajj inas jan cullacajjar irpanajjgchiniti.
M.
Jupanjj mama.Mariar kollatapati?
A.
Inas jan mama Nariar kollatapgcchiniti.
Jupanjj tiopan utap uJjir jutOapati?
A.
Inas jan tiopan utap ejir jutanapgcchiniti.:
M.
Khartiroj jumanjj saraqamati?
A.
Khartirajj inas jan saratajjgcchiniti.
N.
Pokot alasitapati?
A.
Inas jan pokot alasihapgcchiniti,
Dialogue - Cuento
CARLOSAN WARMIPAW USUT.iC
Enfermera:
Tata Carlos cunatarac wawanacamast jachasipquisti?1
Esposamajj usutati?
Carlos:
JYs mama janit yatetacti? Pasir semanat usuta. Ay mama,
warmijjaw wall usuta. Aca chekar kont'asim, walic juttaja.
E:
Cawqhas usu?
C:
Piekemp amparanacamp jiqhanimpiw usu, janiw mank'afis
3
munquiti, janiraquiw arumas iqui: puedquiti. Calanturaniwa.
E:
Ay ucawa, cuna kollanaca churtajja?
C:
Janiw cuna kolls churcti, inas jan
Pasir marajj uqhgmaraquiw usu.
E:
Chuquiag doctoran uc apafiamawa, inas jan walja kolik
gastafiamgcchiniti. Chuquiag marcan mg kollirejj utji, ucajj
sum usutunacarojj kolli, jadit Ifiectasti?5
C:
Janiw ufiect, mama. UcapM mama, kollkejj janiw utjquituti,
inas esposajjajj jan cuns luranapgcchiniti. Suma kollirit
mama?
E:
Jisa, can janejj, tata, suma koiliriwa, Estados Unidos
marcanquis
Ucampis jumajj arumanthi Chuquiagur
apafiamawa.
Chuquiagunjj doctorajj wali suma jakewa, inas
jan walja kollanac alabamgcchiniti. Jupajj janiw kolik
munquiti. Clawnacamp quesomp churgtajja, waliquTniwa.
Nayrakat calenturap tupU.7
4
230
LESSON XXII - Dialogue
Waliquiw mama, uqhHmajj arumanthiw apH, nayajj wal llaquista,
wawanacajjajj llaquisipjj araquiwa, janiw =Web munapquiti,
cuns lurajja? Kollitay mama, wawanacajj laycu, nayajj wal
yuspagarama.8
C:
9
E:
Jan llaquisimti, nayajj jumaruw yanapHma, inas jumamp
wawanacamampejj jan llaquisipjjailamacchiniti.
C:
Ay mama, nayan janiw autojj utjquituti, cunatarac apHsti?
11
nayaraquiw esposamarojj
E:
Nayaw arumanthejj autot jutH,
waliquiti?
C:
Ay yuspagar mama, nayanjj saraffajjaniti?
E:
Inas jumanjj jau saraLaacchiniti, ucampis arumanthiw
10
apt!,
12
ufijangni, waliquiti?
Waliquiw mama, nayanjj uywanac awatifiajjawa, ucampis nayajj
C:
esposajjampiw saa.
Waliquiw tata, jichhajj nayajj usutaruw visitari munt tata,
E:
cawqar utanquisa?
Cocinanquiw mama, mantascaquim.
Mang. chhH...14
C:
E:
13
11111
NOTES
1
Cunatarac wawanacamast jachasioquisti?
children crying?'
2
pasir semanat 'since last week'
'From what are your
aca chekaru 'to (in) this place'
3
mank'arls : -sa exclamation particle.
calenturaniwa (calinturaniwa) 'He has a temperature.'
4
inas jan walYcchiniti 'He may not get better, well.'
Infinitive walYouifia.
5
gastaha 'to waste' (cf. Spanish gastar)
6
-21 is an exclamation particle expressing
ucapY 'so it is.'
certainty; the particle is always stressed.
e.g.
munta 'of course I want (it, to).'
Suma kollirit? 'Is he a good doctor?'
-ta comparative particle, indicates superior quality or attribute.
"1
LESSON XXII - Dialogue - Notes
7 cm ianej j 'w-hy not ?'
nayrakata 'first'
tupuf=a 'to measure;' calentur tupuia 'to take one's temperature.'
pgs_xac'awnacamuesomthurataawr.11cu2niwa.
'If you give him eggs
and cheese, it will be fine.'
8 Irmang.saiilamy 'for the sake of my children':
laycu 'for'
(cf. cunalavcuteii 'for what' = 'why, because')
9 jaaragEamagn '1 will help you.'
10
cunatarac apasti?
'In what will I bring him?'
c_ una 'what'; -ta- 'by', -raqui.... -sti discontinuous interrogative
marker.
11
autot 'by car'
12
Ilayanij saradaljaniti 'Will I have to go?'
13
mantascaRE111 'just go on in';
14
chha 'so'
Cf. Grammar, Lesson XX.
mantas 'to' enter, go in'
232
uimsanir lecciona
LESSON XXIII - PU tunca
alba (alwa)
alba
dawn
armas ifia
olvidarse
to forget
cebada (ciwara)
cebada
barley
chhalayaiia
perder
to lose
inti
sol
sun
inti jalanta
poniente
sunset
inti jalsu
saliente
sunrise
jathi
pesado
heavy
jayp'u
la tarde
afternoon
kepi
atado, bulto
bundle
llaquisiba
apenarse
to grieve for
phisna
liviano, no pesado
light (weight)
reloj (relojo)
reloj
watch, clock
Grammar - Suma parlafiatagai
I.
Imperfect tense:
, was
'used to
ing.'
The imperfect tense may be formed in two ways for all but the third
person singular and plural:
(1)
Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + -11x27 + personal endings.
V = repetition of the final vowel of the infinitive stem (to yield
a long vowel). The third person is not formed this way.
(2)
Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + -Vn- + personal endings for all
persons except 1st singular
and plural; in the later persons,
-atana is attached to the infinitive stem:
munafia
I
munHyUta
rot_alyatan
maanat1521
munatana
mmatit an
munapjjantan
munalisijUvfta
munapjjkana
2
3
munKvata
munapijUvata
munanta
munapjjanta
munUna
ETASPijana,
The first forms given will be drilled in this lesson,
233
LESSON XXIII - Grammar
Endings 1
-ta/-tana
-tan_
-tan
-to / -tana
2
3
N.B.:
-ta
-a
-ta
-a
mungygta can be contracted to mungta.
Imperfect verb forms can also be combined with the suffixes
(very infrequently) and -wa; the difference between forms wi'.41
and without -wa is not entirely clear.
One speaker consistently
differentiates the 1st and 2nd persons by means of nj g in the
2nd person.When
vowel is elided.
-wa is added to a form ending in a vowel, that
Ebbing gives the following pairs:
mungygta/mungtana
'I used to want, was wanting:'
Eogyatwa/mungtanwa 'I want.:d'
The difference between mungygtwa/mungtanwa and the punctual
munta/muntwa is unclear.
Perhaps the
estinction is that of
Spanish preterit (yo guise) ant; present perfect (ysLI&LAufri19),,
II.
-taqui with verbs (infinitives) and nouns-proaouas:
cf. Grammar, Lesson
XVIII.
N.B.:
e.g.
The suffix -ta,
may appear more than once in a. sentence:
Nayajj jutwa Susanatac mg ut utachaEata uiwa.
'I came (in order)
to build a house for Susana.'
This construction is very close in meaning to the verb form in -rfL:
e.g.
Na al
utwa Susanatac mg ut utachiriv. !I came to build a house
for Susana.'
III.
-t(a) ....-cama(wa):
e.g.
'from...up until.'
Intl jalsut inti Ialantcamaw 'from sunrise to sunset'
lunesat viernescamaw 'from Monday to Friday'
N.B.:
-cama requires the loss of the preceding vowel if the root has
more than two syllables:
e.g.
jalatita becomes ialantcamaw,
234
LESSON XXIII
M.
Nayajj marc sarayata.
E.
Nayajj marc sarayata.
EL
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj marc sarayatan.
EL
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj marc sarapjjayata.
EL
pokot alasipjjayata.
E.
Nanacajj pokot alasipjjayata.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj pokot alasiyatajja.
N.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj pokot alasYna.
H.
yap lurana
E.
Jupajj yap lurana.
EL
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj yap lurapjjayatan.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj yap lurayata.
H.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj yap lurapjjayatajja.
EL
kollk chhakayapjjayatajja
E.
Jumanacajj kollk chhakayapjjayatajja.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj kollk chhakayapjjana.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj kollk chhakayayatajja.
M.
armasiyatajja
E.
Jumajj kollk armasiyatajja.
M.
MasUrojj nayajj yap lurayata.
E.
MasUrojj nayajj yap lurayata.
N.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj masUrojj yap lurapjjana.
235
LESSON XXIII - Substitution Drill
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj masUrojj yap lurgyHtan.
M.
k'ep chhakayHyHtan
E.
Jiwasajj masUrojj k'ep chhakay2yHtan.
M.
nanacajj masUrmanthejj
E.
Nanacajj masHrmanthejj.k'ep chhakayapjgyata.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj masHrmanthejj k'ep chhakayapjgyHtajja.
M.
Kollk armasipjjayHtajja
E.
Jumanacajj maarmanthejj kollk armasipjjgyHtajja.
M.
jumajj nayrayp'ojj
E.
Jumajj nayrayp'ojj kollk armagyHtajja.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj nayrayp'ojj kollk armasipjjHna.
M.
wal llaquisipjjka
E.
Jup6.nacejj nayraypgojj wal llaquisipjOna.
M.
nayajj pasir marajj
E.
Nayajj pasir maraji wal llaquisiyHta.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj pasir marajj wal llaquisipjjHyHta.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj pasir marajj wal llaquisipjjRyHtan.
M.
khollipjjkAtan
E. .3iwasanacajj pasir marajj wal khollipjjWitan.
M.
Nayajj nayrUrojj Pedron utap
E.
Nayajj nayrUrojj Pedron utap visitiria war .y!
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupijj nayrUrojj Pedron utap visitiriw sarRna.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj nayrUrojj Pedron utap visitiriw sarffyHtan.
M.
Timoteon kawranacap awatiriw jucHAtan
E.
Jiwasajj nayrUrojj Timoteon kawranacap awatiriw jutHyHtan.
M.
nanacajj nayarmanthejj
E.
Nanacajj nayrarmanthejj Timoteon kawranacap awatiriw jutapjOyHta.
sarHylita.
NOSSal IIIXX
uoprivpscins
mac(
'N
CCepuuudnC
ea
guovuudnr gatiluumanaleu uoa3oury depuuramex mTaTlymu suungdelnr
'N
uuasor depeuTdaix mTaTdu euncrdulutibum
ea
geouuudnr gagluumana4uu uuasor deoeuTdaix mTaTde uungdulutibum
14
'
getieu pcoldAvaituu
'
quAeN
N
masor depeuTdalA mTaTde -u1RAn3u4bum
CCosclAyaiteu
fpouuusumTp
PPepeuesumTr gold4u1Auu ueasor depuuTdall mTzTdu uunARgduletibum
a
Pcumnc
ccumnr ccoldiCealtuu treaSOf dupeuTdaill mTaTdu ucculnicputibum
W
S
'a
uumemum Anum dupuunAn mTaTtioTnbse uppelOgNeaus
UUMEMBM umAn dupeunAn mTaTtioTnbsu .effelnAsuaus
gonnr gold/W.24Ru
IcVOEUVU aTsed gasgutid
'a
guouuum aTspd gascpeqd
ulnAngdeluaes
'N
PpednC
.a
Ccudnr aTsed ccascpcd
uudeup
duouundeic
uugumem emAn depeunAn
mTaTtioTnbse
uudgmum umAn cluovunAn A:yam-pine .vtlpluips
mTaTTIom eun3sTm
uuduTTC duouundeA nTaTrica34 4sTm 'Bun
3.
cpudnr aTsud CcasCcutld
'N
quAubi aTsud
[Team TluT 3nsTec puT mumuoluerep
u1HAzsgell
.a
gulium aTsud
guaum puT ansiec puT memeoluutup
ST .u3nAzsgell
'N
ppednp
a
crudnr aTspd
[Team puT ans-ep puT memuoluuTur
ST .eupffell
11
rpoeuudnp
gypeuednr aTsed guaum TluT 3nsTuf puT ABWBOWETUP sT seugfdTsgell
14
lesaunT memuosauaaTA 3n uungdutveln
geoeuednr aTsed cceaum
ccurscuusumTp
.a
lusaunT mumeosauaaTA In
seugpmpuln
goanaluu
ccuovuesemTr qoanaltuu
usaunT mumuosaulaTA In .ue3RAnCcdetiouln
CCupeuvu
.a
gepuueti goanakeu
3usauni mumepsauaaTA
3n,
u1RANgdetpuln
Timutio u3nABCcdnluo
a
geouuum goanakeu
wsaunT mummosaumoTA
-elpAgpinaul,
NOSS37 IIIXX
uoTanapsqnS ITTaa
*
asqTr memeon,d4er
rposurN CfoiniAsu
aucau mumuonaAer ITmetio uaNARcrdnaso
crsmnr /Turd ccascreqd
ccemnr aTsed 'cresccelld mVmeonidicer:3vcau TTmetio Bcce3HATI123
mloop duA uffr4RARftwatm
rcemnf iTsud ccescruqd asuu mumeonidArc alogg3 dsA
.2ccraHARIquatix
Crepruumng :rpqaurmilisem
Crepsurmnr fcatlauemaRsum
/ruu memuonsdArc
allogga drA -fiAn4dritioutp
vcce3
astioruke
ea
muspAriu
Ccepsuumnr ffaqatirmaRsru zutirmuAr memizArTs duA'alogtio -iiAgrdrevatil
'n4r4
.N
mn
.3
cpammuni rgagaurmaRssm augoruAr mrmroATe mn pcfraear.dude
cpAuu
rpAem pcciptumaNsum Telpeultv minieoLete 'MA .-34R4Hdre
.2
'sc:craRAWdede
icsArm proaDiAuu mTnbuarTarx %oltio raaAlitionduA
.3
cresum croinzieu mparyell3T1vw 10.113 -Iwsrivrides
rcednc
ccoarixAru mTnbrarTarN Acylo -*euRtiondrA
.a
gudnr
.11
cricseaTc
rd
pesemTf ccoatikeu mTnLeulaux
14.-Enbrardsmemuovied an
eutlEARtiondvic
uulos3Td
ea
PesemTr croiniAsu uoiqrd mTnbuardrmum an
%I
PPOEUVU ccetpuemaTikeu
3
cpaeuem
CcatiallemaRIAru uoTqed
.1.1e4HABoTd
mTnbszedumm an
e.i.p.AiadaLlaTd
rposuamnC
*a
*1,1
*a
crupeuemnr ccallausmapAeu uoTqed mTnbuardumuu an escpaRAgresturcd
usuusns mTnbrasdnuu rosTc an ecruallAgtdepuan
pgrouuumnr 'cCallauswaRaAuu usussns mTnbuapdnue siosTf an
*uppeaRARCpdstioran
ccroeuesumTP iTsud Cpexem
at 'PrexEm
lielRAngdetips.2n
*3
crepsussumTr
'q
CCedric
*3
cCudnr iTsrd
grim
mTnbuardnue,usussns vosTp an
umarsns Apbuardnue
rosTC an
et/II/wean
238
LESSON XXIII - Substitution Drill
N.
Enriquen imillapataquiw mg jathi k'ep apgna
E.
Jupajj pasir marajj
N.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj pasir marajj. Enriquen imillapataquiw and jathi k'ep
apapjjgygta.
1414
Enriquen imillapataquiw mg jathi k'ep apgna.
jupanacajj
Enriquen imillapataquiw and jathi k'ep
E.
Jupanacajj pasir marajj
apapjjgna.
M.
jiwasajj wasHrmanthejj
E.
Jiwasajj wasgrmanthejj, Enriquen imillapataquiw mg jathi k'ep
apgygtan.
M.
Josean warmipataquiw and suma poller ch'ucUyMtan
E.
Jiwasajj wasgrmanthejj. Josean warmipataquiw mg suma poller
ch'ucUygtan.
Completion Drill - Arunac phokachafia
jutafia
Nayajj khath
jutgygta
Jupajj khath
jutgygtajja
Jupajj khath
jutRna
Jiwasajj khath
jutRyHtan
Jiwasanacajj khath
jutapjjRyHtan
Nanacajj khath
jutapjgyRta
Jumanacajj khath
jutapjgyHtajja
Jupanacajj khath
jutapjjRna
Nayajj pasir marajj mamajjatac yapuchiriw
(sarafia)
koll
sarRyHta
Jumajj pasir marajj Joseatac ut utachiriw
(jutafia)
.
marc
j utUyUtaj j a
Jupajj pasir phajjsejj mamapatac isinac
.(jutafia)
t'ajjsiriw jawir
juana
Jiwasajj pasir phajjsejj Timoteotac yap
.(sarakafia)
kholliriw
sarakgygtan
Jiwasanacajj nayarojj Pedrotac vac awatiriw
koll
.(maghatafia)
maqhatapjjaygtap
239
LESSON XXIII - Completion Drill
Nanacajj nayrUrojj anunacatac mank' phayiriw
.(juta10)
jutapjjUyHta
Jumanacajj nayrayp'ojj waj chanacatac isinac
aliriw marc
.(sarana).
sarapj
Jupanacajj nayrayp'ojj jakenacatac yapuchiriw
.(jutaa)
jutapjj'Ana
Nayajj pasir semanajj inti jalsut inti
jalantcamaw yap
.(1Lrana)
luiHygta
Jumajj pasir semanajj inti jalsut inci
jalantcamaw is
.(t'ajjsina)
t'ajjsiyMtajja
Jupajj nayrUrojj lunesat viernescamaw thac
.(luraEa)
lurHna
Jiwasajj masUrojj utat kollucamaw jathileep
Agyatan
.(apaha)
Jiwasanacajj nayrUrojj juevesat sabadcamaw
utanac
.(pichaila)
pichapjjHyHtan
Nanacajj pasir marajj inLi jalsut inti jalantcamaw adobenac
.(lurana)
lurapjjkata
Jumanacajj pasir marajj albat jayp'ucamaw
chawll
. (catufa)
catupjjNyHtajja
Jupanacajj pasir marajj albat jayp'uculaaw
ch'oke yap
.(khech'and)
khech'apjjand.
Nayajj nayrUrojj Pedrotaquiw ceboll'(ayruna)
ayrUyNta.
jumajj nayrUrojj mamamataquiw phisna kalanac
.(apaiia)
.
Jupajj maarmanthejj cullacapataquiw pheska
qhuch
.
(qharixe)
Jiwasajj masHrmanthejj Uariataquiw um(apanina)
apgyHtajja
qhariLa
apan2yHtan
.
Jiwasanacajj wasUrojj utataquiw adobenac
lurapjjayHtan
0111111.110111.8..1 .(lurana)
Nanacajj wasUrcaj uyw uyutaquiu calamin(alasina)
.
alasipjjkAta
Jumanacajj pasir semanajj escuel utachafiataquiw
kalanac
.(apanina)
apanipjOyatajja
Jupanacajj pasir semanajj yap lurafiataquiw
arad
.(alasitia)
alasipjjka
240
LESSON XXIII
Questions and Answers - Jisct'ananacampi iyaw sahanacampi
M.
Jumajj khat jutHyHtati?
E.
Jisa, nayajj khat jutHyHta.
M.
Jupajj ch'ok alasMnati?
E.
Jisa jupajj ch'ok alasinawa.
M.
Jupanacajj reloj chhakayapignati?
E.
Jisa, reloj chhakayapjjanawa.
M.
Nayajj maslirojj ch'ok alagyatati?
E.
Jisa, maslirojj jumajj alagyHtawa.
M.
Pasir phajjsejj nayajj pokot mank'HyHtati?
E.
Jisa, pasir phajjsejj jumajj pokot mank'HyHtawa.
H.
Pasir marajj jiwasajj cuadern allyHtanti?
E.
Jisa, pasir marajj cuadern alayHtan.
M.
Pasir marajj nayajj Chuquig sarayhati?
E.
Jisa, jumajj pasir marajj Chuquiag sarHyHta.
Nayajj pasir marajj
Elenaruitspsargyatati?
E.
Jisa, jumajj pasir marajj Elenan utap sargyntawa.
M.
Jupanacajj Elenan utapan thokopjOnati9
E.
Jisa, jupanacajj Elenan utapan thokopjjkawa.
M.
Mastirojj jumajj marc jutHyHtati?
E.
Jisa, jutHyHtwa.
E4
Pedrojj maslirojj achilapan utap jutHnti?
E.
Jisa, jutHnwa.
N.
Mama Maria, pasir phajjsejj cullacaman jilapajj khath j-lanti9
E.
Jisa, jutHnwa.
M.
Tata Carlos, cuns nanacajj wallirojj mank'apjjayata?
E.
T'ant'amp quesomp mank'apjjayHtajja.
M.
Cuns jumajj lurHyHt, tata Francisco?
E.
Ut lurHyHta.
M.
Tata Tomas, nayarmanthejj jiwasanacajj cuns lurapjjayttan?
E.
Yap khech'apjjayatan.
N.
Jisc'a yokalla, maArmauthejj jumanaran curs lurapjOyMtajja?
t'N
LESSON XXIII - Questions and Answers
Positive
E.
Nachak isinac ch'ucupjjayRta.
N.
Tatay, jumajj masayp'ojj cuns lurRyHtajja?
E.
Cabad yapuchRyHta.
M.
Tata Jacinto, mastirojj cawcs sarUyEtajja?
E.
Marc sarRyHta.
M.
Tata Pedro, cawcs yokamajj maarmanthejj sarkna?
E.
Qhaya wila koll sarUna.
Tata Carlos, juman wawanacamajj caughans yap' khollipjjRna?
E.
Jach'a koilun khollipjOna.
M.
Masttroj j jumajj mank' phayRyiltati?
E.
asa, phayHyatwa.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA JOSEAITP TATA YIGUELAnaJJ PARLAPJJEWA
Jose:
Buenas noches tata Miguel, ictati?
Miguel:
Buenas uoches tata Jose, janiw iccti,.camisac tata...
J:
Uralic tata, jumasti?
Waliquiraqui...JichhHrmanthejj1 utam juta: munHyRta, uccmpia
janiw jutcti, mamajjaw usuta jupatac koll eliriW marc sarta.
J:
Wali usutati?
M:
J2sa, wali usutawal masUruw jupajj koll uman munhna, ucampis
doctorajj janiw jutquiti, inas aruManthejj jutchini.
J:
Ay ucaw tata, nayajj pasir maraw ustlyRta, ucampis mid doctoraw
nayarojj kollitu, inas jupajj mamamar kollchini...2
Ucap 'Z, mamajjajj walja uywanac awatYna, juparojj thayaw wal
thayjRna, inas ucat jupajj usuadni.
J:
DoCtoran ucar irpaf-amawa, jupaw kollani.
IA:
Waliquiw tata, jutir semanaw irpR.
J:
Janiwa, arumanthi irpaamawa....
3
Waliquiw tata, uqhRmajj jilajjan utap sarR, jupaw uywanacajj
awatini, yap lurani, ut unjani....'
4
J:
J2sa, ucajj waliquiwa... Ay tata Miguel vacam mayeitas ch'ok
yapuchari munta, pasir marajj!pheska ch'ok yap yapuchRyata, inas
jichha marajj pakalik yap yapuchch2.
242
LESSON XXIII - Dialogue
Waliquiw tata Jose, vacajjajj samarasquiwa, uywa mank'ajj
M:
utj iti?
J:
nsa, pasir domingow marcat alas!yata...
M:
Waliquiw tata, jichhat irpata?
J:
Jis tata, jichhaw irpH, cawqhanquisa?
M:
Uyuncasquiwa, irpascaquim
NOTES
'this morning'
1
Jichharmaatiltii
2
kollitu 'he cured me'
3
Doctoran ucar irpanamawa 'You must take her to the doctor's (place).'
4
vacam mayt'ita 'lend me your cow.'
TATA JOSEAMP TATA MIGUELAMPEJJ PARLASIPJJEWA
Jose:
Buenas noches tata Miguel, niyat icjjta?
Miguel: Buenas noches tata Jose, janTraw iccti.
J:
1
2
Jichharmanthiw nayaJj visitir jutta, ucampis janiw jicjjatcsmati,
cawquirac sartasti?i
M:
Ay tata, jicharojj tiajjar visitiriw sarta. Tiajjan anunacapajj
waljawa, nayajj utap jac'ar purt ucqhajj wal ajjsarHyHta,
cunalaycutejj anunacapajj wali khorunacawa.4
J:
Jichhasti, camacharanuisti?
M:
Ay tata, tiajjan ma anupaw ovej uyut jalsuni, ucat nayar achjaa
munitu, ucampis nayajj mil jisc'a uyu pataruw mistta.6
J:
Ucatsti?
M:
Ucat anojj pantalonat achthapitu nayar achjantafiataqui.
J:
Achjtamti?8
ME:
JYs tata achjituwa, untam aqhHm luritu...
J:
Ay tata, aqhgmajjH, lacpach achjantataraqui a.
M:
Jichhajj janiw sarnakaa puedcti, wal usutu.
J:
Alal umamp jarekasim, ucatsti doctoran utap saram, jupaw kollgtam12.
M:
Arumanthiw sarU tata Jose, walpin usutu.13
J:
Jan llaquisimt tata, inas jan kollir achicafiamacchiniti.
M:
Jumasti tata,
J:
JichhHrojj nayamp warmejjampejj yap khollipjjta.
M:
Cuns yalmehapjjntajja?
J:
Ch'ok yapuchapj0.
5
7
9
10
11
14
cuns jichhprojj lurtajja?
Maya15 rajj ch'6kpij jsniw ittjanti, inas
jutir marajj utjchini.
LESSON XXIII - Dialogue
N:
Utjaniw tats, jallojj jichl-ajj wal
,T:
Ay tats Miguel niy jayp'ojjewa, kharayp'uw jutaraqui.
16
Aca ma juc'a mank'say wawanacamatac
M:
Waliquiw tats Jose.
apasiwayam.
J:
Waliquiw tats, uspagar tats, jiquisificama.
NOTES
1
n_iyatjsijta? 'Are you already sleeping?'
7117 'already' appears between the last consonant of the root and the
ending
e.g.
sarafiasawa 'We must go'
'We must go already.'
niya sarijai=iasaua
2
janYraw iccti 'I am still not sleeping.'
3
ticijatcsmati
'
'I didn't meet you.'
jicdjasafia 'to meet'
_qRcsa:ta.sticawuir?
'So where did you go?'
Note the joint :.se of
the interrogatives suffixes -rac and -sti uith subject and predf, at.c
components.
4 PallitAg.ILilLIASghii-..
'When I came near her house....'
ajjsarafia 'to be afraid.'
5 smogstmAuisti?
6
'So what happened?'
ovej uvuta 'from the sheepfold'
ialsyjla 'to jump'
ucat nalyaraciljaE munitu 'Then he wanted to bite me.'
ach4aZa [
munitu
rui
'to bite'
lit., 'He wanted me.'
The pronominal object of the verb must
be attached to the main verb of the clause.
uyy pate 'on top of the corral'
7
Ran, talonat achtkaitil
achthafia
'He grabbed me by the pants.'
'to grab, seizel'
-pi- 'then'
achjaatariatadui 'in order to bite me'
The infix -nta-, coming after
stem, indicates the action took place 'from outside
the infiniiu
e.g. dalle.a 'to rain:' Lialluntaaa 'to rain in'
to within.'
244
LESSON XXIII - Dialogue - Notes
9
ufitam 'look'
infinitive &item 'to look, watch (after)'
aghgma 'so'
luritu 'he did to me'
10
lacpach achjantataraquisa 'It's bitten by a mouth.'
laca 'mouth;' lacpacha 'the whole mouth'
non-verb conveys the meaning
11
sarnakafia 'to walk'
12
alala 'cold (of water)'
-kasha combined with a
of 'totality.' ach'antata - passive
participle
Larekasifia 'to wash oneself'
jupaw kollatam 'he will treat you.'
13 Walpin usutu
14
'I am very hurt'
-pini-
'certainly'
Jan lla uisimt 'Don't worry about it.'
llaquisiLa 'to grieve for'
-ta 'because of it'
15 maymarati2last year'
16
jutaraqui
'I (must) come'
17 Acama'uclamanI;.-'sainatacaasiwaam.
'Take this little
food for your children (if you like)'
-waya- attached to infinitive stems before personal endings implies
action completed while on the way to somewhere else.
-sa marks a count': tiotni...,
'then'
Mankta 'food';
jucta 'little'
LESSON XXIV - Pa tunca pusi.aiLlecciomr,
eachha
jalafia
despacio
slowly
venir corriendo
to come running
correr
to run
.
.
jiwayela
matar
to kill
khepeafia
atrasarse
to be late
laka
rapidaMente.
quick(ly)
lak'o
gusano
worm
nayreafia
adelantarse
to get ahead,.to be
early
.
pasto
pasto
grass
walUru
anteayer
day before yesterday
Grammatical Analysis - Stima_pazleiataoui.
Yt
Necessitative Past
'I had to...'
Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + infinitiveFending44-ppssessime pronoun
e.g.
itaLaiigEn1
had to work'
t -an- .4- -via.
lismikildignal 'We had to work', etc.
In interrogative sentenc::s, -wa is replaced by -tl:
e.g.
larailajjklIi?
'Did I have to work?'
lurapjjailailMnti?
'Did we ....?
Thy subject of the sentence may or may tot :take the -n- infix:
navanjj/nayaii.
full
One informant gives alternative/forms with a final vowel:
e.g. lureajjkawa, etc.
II.
On the function of the infix -ni- in verbs, cf. Grammar, Lesson XVII;
on the function of the infix -lea- in verbs, cf. Grammar, Lesson XIX.
LESSON XXIV
Substitution Drill - Vaasa arunac uscufia
M.
Nayajj aymar yatekeiajjanwa.
E.
Nayajj aymar yatekafiajjanwa.
N.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj aymar yatekapaAmma.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj aymar yatekafiasanwa.
M.
leek yatichafiasanwa
E.
Jiwasajj leers yatichaaasanwa.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj leefi yatichapjjeajjanwa.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj leefi yatichapjjafiapanwa.
N.
marcat lak jalanipjjaiaapanwa
E.
Jupanacajj marcat lak jalanipjjafiapanwa.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj marcat lak jalanipjjaasanwa.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj marcat lak jalanifiajjanwa.
M.
escuelar c'achh jr.lafiajjanwa
E.
Nayajj escuelar c'achh jalafiajjanwa.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj escuelar c'achh jalapjjafiamanwa.
M.
kellkaii armasipjjafiamanwa
E.
Jumanacajj kellkafi armasipjjafiamanwa.
1.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj kellkafi armasipjjailapanwa.
M.
wawar kollapjjafiapanwa
E.
Jupanacajj wawar kollapjjafiaplinwa.
M.
Nayrarojj nayajj ovejamp kawramp ufijafiajjanwa.
E.
Nayrarojj nayajj ovejamp kawramp ufija.Lajjanwa.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj nayrarojj ovejamp kawramp ufijapjjafiapanwa.
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250
LESSON XXIV - Completion Drill
Jupajj nayrt'aniwa, cunalaycutejj lak (iutafia)
jutafiapkwa
Jiwasajj nayrt'antanwa, cunalaycutejj aymar
yatekafiasgnwa
(yatettafia).
Jiwasanacajj khept'anipjjtanwa, cunalaycutejj
uywanacar mank'
(churaiia) .
churapjjafiasgnwa
Nanacajj khept'anipjjtwa, cunalaycutejj ut
(pichafia).
pichapjjeajjgnwa
Jumanacajj nayrt'anipjjtawa, cunalaycutejj lak
(jalinifia).
jalanipjjafiamgnwa
Jupanacajj nayrt'anipjjewa, cunalaycutejj lak
(jarekasifia)
jarekasipjjafiapHnwa
.
Nayajj khept'antwa, cunalaycutejj c'achh_(iutafia) jutaliakjgnwa
Jumajj khept'antawa, cunalaycutejj c'achh
(jutafia)
jutafiamUnwa
Jupajj nayreaniwa, cunalaycutejj lak(jalan.lfia).
jalanifiapgnwa
Jiwasajj nayrt'antanwa, cunalaycutejj lak
(jalanifia).
jalanifiasgnwa
Jiwasanacajj masUrojj khept'anipjjtanwa,
cunalaycutejj
(pichafia).
pichapjjafiasgnwa
Nanacajj masUroj j khept'anipjjtwa, cunalaycutejj
(samarafia)
samarapjjafiajjgnwa
Jumanacajj nayrt'anipjjtawa, cunalaycutejj lak
(tucuaa)
tucupjjelamanwa
Jupanacajj nayrt'anipjjewa, cunalaycutejj lak
(yanapaiia)
yanapapjjafiapgnwa
MasUrojj nayajj yap (khollifia )
utap jan sarcti.
MasUrojj jumajj yap (lurafia)
utap jan jutctati.
, ucat tioman
NayrUrojj jupajj ovej (qharifia)
utap jan lurquiti.
NayrUrojj j iwasajj mank'
utap jan sarctanti.
, ucat mamajjan
, ucat tiapan
(phayafia), ucat yokasan
Wasgrmanthejj jiwasanacajj (iarekasifia)
jan kapupctanti.
ucat
khollinajjgnwa
luraiamgnwa
qharifiapgnwa
phayaiasgnwa
jarekasipjjafiasHnwa
WasIrmanthejj nanacajj wawanacartatiftEIll
ucat jan jutapcti.
yatichapjjafiajjgnwa
Pasir marajj jumanacajj Pablor (vanapaLa), ucat
jan ut utachapctati.
yanapapjjai,amgnwa
Pasir marajj jupanacajj ch'ok (lapuchafia), ucat
jan cebad yapuchapquiti.
yapuchapjjafiapgnwa
LESSON XXIV
Questions and Answers - Jisceafinnanamni ivaw sa:Aanacsurpi
I.
M.
Jumajj yap lurafiamanti?
E.
Jisa, nayajj yap lurafiajjanwa.
M.
Masarojj jumajj ut pichaaamanati?
E.
nsa, nayajj ut pichallajjanwa.
M.
Masarmanthejj jupajj Pedromp Juanamp parlafiapanti?
E.
J!!sa, maatmantejj jupajj Pedrop Juanamp parlahapanwa.
M0
Jumanacajj libromp cuadernomp alasipjjaiiam!nti?
E.
JYsa, libromp cuadernamp alasipjjanajjanwa.
M.
Jiwasajj nayraypsajj wavasar pelot churailasanti?
E.
JY.sa, nayrayp'ojj wawasar pelot churailasanwa.
E4
Jupajj nayreaniwa lak jutaaapantil
E.
JMsa, jupajj nayreaniwa, lak jute.apanwe.
Jupajj khepeaniti; jilapar yanape:apanti?
II.
E.
nsa, jupajj kheptaniwa; jilapar yanapa;iapanwa.
N.
Nayajj Wandampir Franciscanpir yanapatiajjth.ti?
E.
nsa, jumajj Wandampir
N.
Nayamp jumampejj walarojj qhaya jach'a chac asquichaf:asanti?
E.
nsa, asquichafiasanwa.
N.
Tata Justino, aca Bolivia marcar jutaaamanti?
E.
nsa, jutaaajjanwa.
N.
Mama Maria, jumanjj wallpanacar mank' chureamanti?
E.
J1sa, churafiajjanwa.
M.
Mama Teresa, nayanjj pas
E.
JMsa, yanapailamanwa.
M.
Masayp'ojj jumajj cun lurafiamanse
E.
Yap khech'ailajjanwa.
N.
Masarmanthejj Pedrojj cun mank'afiapanasa?
E.
Arroz mankiafiapanwa.
M.
Cunats tata Carlosajj khept'ani?
E.
Jarekasifiapanwa.
E.
Cunats jiwasanacajj nayrt' anipjjtan?
Franciscempir yanapeiamanwa.
phajjsejj jumar yanapahajjanti?
252
LESSON XXIV - Questions and Answers
E.
Lak jutapjjalasgnwa.
M.
Cunats jupanacajj anatir khept'anipjje?
E.
Namanacapar yanapapjjafiapgnwa.
M.
Qhitir yanapafiamgnsa?
E.
Mamajjar yanapaAajjgnwa.
M.
Qhitirus tata Franciscojj mank' churafiapgna?
E.
Jilapar churaijapgnwa.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA LUCASAJJ AMICOPAN UTAP SARI
Lucas:
Asqui jayp'u' tata Ignacio, camisac tata.
Ignacio:
Walic tata, buenas noches tata... Aca chekar kont'asim...
L:
Waliquiw tata...wali thayaw tata, nayarojj wal thayjitu,
janiw cunas luradjamgquiti.2
I:
Jis tata, wali thayawa, jichhgrojj janiw lupejj lupquiti, inas
khargrojj lupchini.
.
L:
Ucapf, inas khargrojj jallojj purchini, cunalaycutejj janiw
qhunojj purquiti.
Jis tata, nayanjj masgrojj yap lurafiajjgnwa, ucampis jalluw
wal puri, ucat jan lurcti, inas jutir miercolesajj lurchi.
L:
Nayanjj masUrojj Chuquiag sarafiajjgnwa, ucampis autow jan
utjquiti, ucat jan sarcti, inas khargrojj sarcti.
Vacanacamajj utjiti?
nsa, quimsakallkowa, mank'aw jan utjquiti, jichharmanthejj
uywa mank'ar saraliajjgnwa, uywa mank'ajj wali carowa.
Qhitins uywa mank'ajj utji?
L:
Tata Domingon utji, wali caroruw aljitu.3
Jisa, uywa mank'ajj carowa.
L:
Ay tata, Ignacia, may achicasifi munsma, jumanjj uywa mank'ajj
utjiwa, nayajj alasifi munta.4
Cunach tata?
L:
Tata, jumajj juyranac imascapintawa, juyrajjaw jan utjquiti,
wawanacajjarojj mank' at autjapjje, ay tata Ignacio yanapt'itey,
juyramay aljt'ita.5
Ay ucaw tata, juyrajj janiquiw walj utjquiti, caacharaquianisti?6
253
LESSON XXIV - Dialogue
Aljeaquitay tata, pg arrob chtokec munta.
L:
7
8
ma rat suyt'it chhU.
(Ignaciojj warmipam7 parliriw yakha utar sari)
Ucapi, kawkha cargsa
10
9
muntajja?
L:
Mg carga munta, nayanjj uywa mank'ajj imafiajjgnwa, ucampis 7anlw
imcti, inas jutir marajj imehi, nayan orakeacajjajj wall
jIsc'anacawa, janiw uywa mank'ajj imadjamgquiti.11
I:
nsa, nayajj janiw kollker aljail muncti 000 Jumanjj azucaramajj
-fl
utjiwa, azucaramp uywa mank'amp turceigni, waliquiti?"
Waliquiw tata, uqhgmajj azucar apani.
IL:
I:
Waliquiwa 000 Kakha libra azucarsa in
churitgtajja?
-
Pg tune pheskan libra.
carga uywa wank' at
11111MIN,...
NOTES
1 AssuLipmnu'good evening'
2
g242kLlaingslEglaillIgIi.
'There is nothing to be done.'
-iama- idfter arrinfiaitille,ending (with the loss of final vmsel of
the infinitive ending),indicates possibility or opportunity of
performing the action; in the negative, the compound negative suffix
-4_ guiti is added (cf. Lesson III).
e.g.
3
Thaeuelj lurail'amawa.
'The road is ready (in condition) to br.
laid.'
Wall caroruw aljitu.'He sold it to me at a very high price.'
'at a price, for
pesos' is
expressed by -ru.
4 ay_achicasia munsma. 'I have a favor of you.'
achicasifia/achicafia
'to request, ask'
5
imassa2intwa 'You are always saving'
imalla 'to save;'
-Rini:-
placed
after the infinitive stem and before personal endings.
alleita 'sell me some (just for awhile)'
-t'a- infix attached to the verl%' stem connotes a limited space of tire.
e.g.
6
7
sart'a 'I will go (for a moment).'
AcharastiiicanzgrALti?
'What are we to do ?'
Aljeaquitay 'So sell me some (for thu while).'
garrelch'okec munta.
of potatoes;'
C. note 5 above.
'I only want two twentyfive pound weights
-c 'only'
254
LESSON XXIV - Dialogue - Notes
6
9
'Wait just a moment.'
'another, other'
10
carga 'load' (cf. Spanish carga).
11
orake 'ground, terrain'
12 Iasi''aniw kollker al'afi munct
'I don't want to sell it for money.'
Cf. note 3 above.
turqui 'change;' turcafia 'to change,exchange, barter'
LESSON XXV - Pa tunca 2heskanir leccioaa
awatiri
pastor
shepherd
castsllano (castillgnu)
castellano
Spanish
caturi
pescador
fisherman
koneasitia (ru)
sentarse
to sit down
1-holliri
agricultor
ploughman, farmer
pantjasitia
equivocarse
to be mistaken
phayiri
cocinera
cook
tonko
malz
corn
utachiri
albeil
builder
lebrndor
worker
apuchiri
I. Imperfect negative:
1 sareqgta
sarcgtanti
sarana
sarckyltanti
sarapcgvgtanti
sarcantanti
sarapcgntanti
sarapavftti
sarapcatanti
2 sarcavgtati
sPr42.21111121i.
sarcgntati
sarapcRntati
sarcRnti
sarapauti
Analysis: all but third person formst
verb stem + (plural infix) + negative -ea- + 7aym7 +
ending + negative -ti.
or: all forms except the first person forms:
verb stem + (plural infix) + -ca- + -an- + ending + -ti.
1st person forms: verb stem + (plural infix) + -ca- +
-atan- + -ti.
(N.B. Rudimentos gives this form without -n- before the
ending: e.g. jumaii sarcgtati.)
The endings are identical to those of the imperfect positive
(cf. lesson XXIII).
256
LESSON XXV - Grammar
II. -la 'over, because of
e.g. itua.pjj-jani2y;ashsttti. 'He wasn't crying over his
children.'
The
of ucat 'therefore' also has this Irvaning: 'for that,
because of that.'
III. Infinitives may serve as nouns and may be combined with nominal
suffixes:
e.g. Ju anaca
aniw is ealisifiam t'ant' lurafiam
aticha cOnti.
'They didn t teach me how to wash clothes or make bread.
IV. On the use of -rig cf. grammar, lesson VI.
M. Nayajj janiw Chuquiag sarcaygtti.
E. Nayajj janiw Chuquiag saraygtti.
N. jupajj
E. Jupajj janiw Chuquiag sarcgnti.
jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj janiw Chuquiag sarapcanti.
M. aymar yatekapc4nti
E. Jupanacajj janiw aymar yatekapcgnti.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj janiw aymar yatekcgygtati.
M. jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj janiw aymar yatekcUylltanti.
M. alasifi armascOyUtanti
E. Jiwasajj janiw alasifi arnasaygtanti.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj janiw alasifi armasipayOtti.
jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj janiw alasin armasipeRyntnliti.
257
LESSON XXV - Substitution Drill
M.
kollk chhaitayasipcgyHtanti
E.
Jiwasanacajj janiw kollk chhakayasipaygtanti.
N.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj janiw kollk chhakayascHnti.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj janiw kollk chhakayasipcHygtati.
pantjasipcgygtati
E4
E.
Jumanacajj janiw alasii paatjasipcgygtati.
1!.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj janiw alasii pantjascgygtti.
N.
Jupajj janiw eawr kapcHnti.
E.
Jupajj janiw eawr kapcgnti.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj janiw t'awr kapcgygtati.
N.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj janiw t'awr kapayHtanti.
N.
ponch sawcHyHtanti
E.
Jiwasajj janiw ponch sawaygtanti.
N.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj janiw ponch sawcHyHtti.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj janiw ponch sawupcHnti.
mamapat llaquisipcgnti
E.
Jupanacajj janiw mamapat llaquisipcgnti.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj janiw mamamat llaquisipaygtati.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj janiw mamasat llaquisipcgygtanti.
M.
wawasat jachapcgygtanti
E.
Jiwasanacajj janiw wawasat jachapcgygtanti.
14.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj janiw wawapat jachcHnti.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj janiw wawajjat jachcHygtti.
8SZ
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'3
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crerfauf cfodheakeu mTuac Traccamoy ardevaunds4 TTTdr
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dmemnf Fradmvicau aTsed crescrelqd
ra
dmemnr pradmeAuu aTsad rraspreqd ximar uusaTTqau =deoeundalt Eldt?
.purn4atIondeA
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dmemnr rradmemTmaym croansam
2
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ppetteu
-a
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4
3n ccaaploBln mTuuc T33/1q34nc
ppapeme mTuec
'pimp ppainleo mTuec 404
Trmetio
gain3vo muec
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-a
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4
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muasor =morn ccalpemB
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mplec .T3uNode44
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fluelHARod
14
ouuniourm Haag-re mipmc puelNARoduies
.g
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omasor
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14
premien iTsed ccelem
-a
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(pumpauP)
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(e4vaumes)
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(etyeaue)
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rpoidAvaAux Neoeuemnp mTuec uemo2Tme
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.
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dint
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.
paNARode44
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ppeouuemnr ccoadAyakeu oeluovuetiocuA ouuTsT
creine mIttec alem
(egules)
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rpoeuudnf pcoadAuaAeu ouaroeuallup pCoaTt/ondeA
mTuer
Taufloduanc
.(uusIng)
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(piMeanT)
ccumet, mTuer deA
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aTsud preuemes TauT lnsTur taut luerec
pump mTuec deA
0?4eanT)
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Cretan'.
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Cpudnr pcoansem 3esauni ccemeosoulaTA mTuec
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dean
(eLyeantr';
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mTuec TqauC
(uue4e)
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mTuer oeueln
(euelloTd)
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mossaa AXX - uopeidul03
UPC(
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(uueanT)
ffeouuumnr aTsed [Tram e lugs CpemeonsdAuf
mTuuc UmB40
(uunaeo)
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dnquo T324NAR
lune cpmeznidAup
cceouuednf aTsed ppeaum
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cgoanakem rpeAuu mTuef Cfenbuloapaa TTociao
(unnaAu)
TalEARoake
ccoanaAuN Ccumnp mTuuC genbuauccumem eusTqd
ovuerel
(utiude)
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fpgauumaRseN cpednC mTuuC ccenbuaudezunno
rAsatid qpnqb
(EuTavilb)
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CragauumaRsull ppesumTC mTuuC crenbeauTant mn
Im/Ilerra.
ll
(uTuudu)
dumanAgauu Ta
qoapsua cpuzuuusumTP mTuvf ccenbuluan zeueqopu
1(Emmani).
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ccoansua frepeuuu mTuup emAn pranbuanAn
dmmitioTr
dmemn
(uuTsnu)
TaaRApdTsure
aTsBa cruumas Ccuzuuumnp
mTuup Tenose -uan
ouuetuq
genbuauump
-(euTuude)
TauankflodTuedu
aTsua cfuuumes rcupeuudnp
mTuuf dull. -uluuuanT
fganb puau
(unTseir)
TaupdTseTu
suoTasenb pue saemsuv eATau2a1 - tier upuuuletio
aWid-Ftwoeuut
cCumnr 2uTnimtla iTaulEARaus
.3
cCuAuxermTuur mTuup 2uTnbn143
14
CCoansuw pedn? duA LTaeuRanT
.3
gumTuur Cpudng mTuuC duA TaunDanT
la
POInSEN
.3
4.emTuur
.3
4umTuur aTsyd 'ffexein mTuut* uupura ueduan TaaRAHolloga
ccemnr aTsud quaum appnduA aleaRARaus
.11
.3
ccUMTIc 1129901
spaRApaus
dean LTavaRARaus
quAeu qoansum mTueC uvesof dean TaaBABoaes
aTsua pexem uupuea uuduan
LT4P4EAR1ptia
4umTuur iTsed pfeaum mTuuf Appude4 -;44Rkspaus
.263
LESSON XXV - Questions and Answers
Negative
M.
Pasir semanajj jupanacajj janiw yap, luraliataquajj arad alasipcYnt.":.
E.
nsa, pasir semanajj juraaacajj janiw yap 11.1rafiataquejj arad
alasipcHnti.
M.
Tata Pablo, masUrojj cawcs sarHyHtajja?
E.
Janiw cawcs sarcHyHtti.
M. .Mama Maria, jumamp phuchamampejj masayp'ojj ane mank'apjOyHtati^
E.
janiwimank'apayHtti..
M.
MasUrojj jumanacajj is t'ajjsipjOyHtati?
E.
Janiw t'ajjsipcHyHtti.
M.
Tata, jiwasanacajj nayarmanthejj yapunac lurapjOyHtanti/
E.
Janiw lurapcHyatanti
M.
Mama Teresa, nayajj maarmanthejj machak isinac ch'ucuyHtti?
E.
Janiw ch'uccHyHtati.
M.
Pasir marajj.Pedromp Joseampejj ChugUlag sarapjjHnti?
E.
Janiw sarapcHnti.
M.
Jumanacajj pasir phajjsejj Achacach sarapjgyHtati?
E.
janiw sarapc6qtati.
N.
Mama Maria, nanacajj masUrojj.cuns lurapjjayata?
E.
Janiw cuns lurapaygtati.
.1allu,lasgrulanthejj jumajj cuns luraAzajja?
E.
Janiw cuns lurcHyHtti.
N.
Tata Juan, yokanacamajj cuns lurapjOna?
E.
Janiw cunsqurapanti.
M.
NayrUrojj jiwasanacijj cuns lurapjjtlyHtan?
E.
Janiw cuns lurapayatanti.
Dialogue - Cuento
NARTAJJ
Marta:
WAJCHA YOKALLAT MAN PAR AVISI
Mamay, masUrojj ma yokall agyata, wali llaquita,
ucat tayajj
wal Ilaquista.
Mama:
Qhitis uca yokallajja?
Marta:
Janiw yatcti, jupajj wali thantha isinacamp isthapitHnwa, lluch'upajj janiw machaacHnti, janiraquiw wisqhupas utjcHnti. Camisapajj wall k'adenwa, jupajj wal jachka.4
4792
NOSS'I AXX - an2oTeTa
vetagR
ttv
epTem meoeuemem -gem aTnbuTT 4aCpdv4euxes uer
C
ppemnr dmednp ijavaTavd 0:seqpedouTaT4o
alciod ;et/tem
6TuTnbme uvp .Tueoicel
maaell
Eui :
sir 6emem ppeSvu pcadmemnr
.vmaHAHTaed uednr PPede4ea mTuvP
6TaTnbpan ppedvmem mTuvp 6TaTnbpan mTnbeaTuvp sedemmej TaTnbCan
I
maaeN
vemeN
n
iy aaciod 6vmem emeqoudopem pPeoeuvqoPem mTuTdemHqbn
sappdell
sTnbuTnbmeo viypPeqmoTp
-s
uednr pPedean mTuep cTaTnbpan seuT Ppednp ,Tposeouerreo
ppadmednr mTuep mns ...TaaH4HoTavd
I
64emvm ppaqauemnae von umelloit on 6vmemetleays 9 seuT cpednr
oeuvcano 11Taeme 6Tqoavit ppeseaTC ppoavdnp 6e4Nuem 6voeuTsT
6-tum.leanqo e,T4TnbTivm
6vaTmem ppeAvu Tem 6easTsna ppaanoAeTeuno eon eqopem ffemem
emTuvouusean pPemHqba mTwiemnav dmvmnp aTTaed 'Hams spuT
ccednc .TuTqounm
vmTueuniq 14aanoAvTuuno
vuno sp(Lvaa al !...q
cemTuvunm
atsea CCe.lem CDviteu aTuvC
avaeuvqqvm 6TamAvosTntlev- stdavon
PPelmoTp vmasTnbeTT cPaanokeTeuno ppemoTa 'emTmTp Ilsedsovuemem
:eaaew
,cvmnbeavoeueqopen
ppeiteR Hm emns %eqoem nolonTT eon
v-0,0A TT 704SMRA Tyne. -eau=
aTsed cpueovuvaem mTuep
avoeueqoPem gTauvagpanqo vqqoTP ppalum
.emTupeanqo
:emqg
:elaell
6es/r ppemelea .emTuTnbeaTsTsno 8
SEUi pprava Aegoem oeuTsT 6TuTqouele seuT
ppueOemTp uep NTToq
6-TaTuppoHseuease2
remeN
'eszr sTdmeon pcuesemTp .umesvueTe
:vaaeN
ppoariaAeR mTuep 6TaaH4HosTsno sTdmvon ppolHavqx -vnIsTsno
:vmem
ppemnba Hu eiosTp an emeseurqoTnbse eon 'molt uemva -vaedvuTaT
Tnb
:eaaeR
6ememmTnbTrem mTnbmam meaTmem
-elaeN[mTnbTTem ppeqauemnav ePTen 6Ture4eqdsluem Craano4vIeuno
von eqoAva PpoameAo4 Tem leoluem
wevedpame
-euvqopan
epPleo 6emTundeseuTsvame epTem meoeueqopem ppautiovdvov umaeuno
aTnbeTT appdelleuaes uec TuTnbme uep II.TueoAva
ZI
ArmeN keleT MIES eon aeTTeloic .TaTadaT
mTnbTTem 6Aemem mv4uu 6peadaT Tasednp seoeuepano .tuTlemv
sawn
I
WiiiWfi
cm,
paTqnoal
emueaTdatiasT
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anTssed aTdvaTaxed
sez !ipassamy iwt71.41uTya
71i-TailasT
sTepuess
.
t
LESSON XXV - Dialogue - Notes
3
'without a father and without a mother.
'aijieisuirth'arj...a.sAysani.
pwqui 'father' (mate formal than tats).
tavca 'mother'
.1.42 'without'
-ni indicates possession
qhitincpachasa 'where is he from?'
4
pacha indicates time, place.
waichapachawa 'he must be an orphan.'
dacha here means 'ought to be'
the conversion of the noun to a verb stem is accomplished by
the final vowel of the noun.
lengthening
'always'
ughMmapiniw 'always thus'
5
inasencsaccili.
'lie
is probably in the streets.'
6 ____x_.antiamawaUcaokall. 'You must go to see that boy.'
Lit. 'You
must go to that boy's (place) '
7
'I wasn't very sad about
Yavajt_laniw ttaichanacat llaquiscavatti.
Ch -t, cf. Grammar notes to this lesson.
orphans.'
jiwana 'to die'
8
cusisiraquiniva 'lie will also be happy.'
9
Inas ian kollk
money'
Infinitive cusisii5a.
astafiasacchiniti. 'Perhaps we won't have to spend
Cf. Spanish astar 'to spend, waste.'
10 Wel mankfat awtipacha. 'He should be very hvngry.' Cf. above note 4.
11
EraishanacalitlagitasiZgalainim. 'We must always remember the orphans.'
amtasifia 'to remember.'
The use of the suffix -t(iia) 'of, about'
parallels the Spanish expression acorclarse de.
-nuni- 'certainly,
always' is attached to the pronominal suffix in nominal constructions
or to the personal endings in verbs - before -wa.
e.g.
lighymaiatm 'It's always that ray.'
sarljapiniwa. 'I'll certainly go.'
acapacha 'world' (literally, 'this place')
cunavmani
12
laka
kinds, various'
'then fast
laka + ya
isyslatimallal the verbal infix -ta- conveys the meaning of 'beginning
the action' cf. Lesson XV.
After a verb of motion, the -ri form is
required, note change of .7a- .in,j-PfifiitiveLstems
tee 4i-
before -ri:
e.g. irpta- / it tiri.
266
LESSON XXVI - pa tunca sotitlaiLkst.iona
junt'u
caliente
hot
khatifia
cosinar
to cook
khepata
despu4s, en seguida
after, immediately
nayrakata
primero
first
ucapacha
ese tiempo
that time
ucchaficama
mientras tanto
in the meantime
ucqha
ese momento
that moment
ucsa
al rato
immediately
inmediatamente
at once, immediately
ucspacha(pacha
Mat
NNE
place,
time')
Granmar-smaushaEtEati
I.
Namanaylal<at isthapisi, ucat mare sara.
'First I'll get dressed, then
I'll go to the village.'
N.B.
Before ucat, the verb may lose its final vowel, except when the
final vowel is long.
II.
Hodels for subordinate clauses:
(a)
Fuel jaa_tpEhayztnayait_p_c2LsotalasY.
ia
'As soon as I (will)
arrive (when I arrive), I'll buy myself some bananas.'
Future verb + jan + future verb ± ucspachaw 'as soon as, immediately'
The final vowel of the verb may be elided if it is not
e.g.
Khatin (khatini) 9cspachaw, mank'asifiUni. 'As soon as
ucsaw,
rt
i:nkaranacayrli
EFYiEher arrives,
(b)
long.
ata. ia
uri a
naval
I'll plant flowers.'
lie
cooks,
''As soon as
-ipana (attached to the verb stem) describes the action of a subject
other than that of the main clause.
N.B.
The noun or pronoun representing the subject of the subo:dinptcl
clause loses its final vowel when followed by -ipana:
e.g.
Juan purinipan... 'When Juan arrives...'
Nay
parlipan...
'When T
267
LESSON XXVI - Grammar
e.g
ETata/IT.AER2nEataz'tEW_s_aggsanac ayrllta.
'When your fathc:..
arrives, you'll plant flowers.'
Cullacap puripan ucsaw, jupajj mank'phavani.
'When his sister
arrives, he'll cook the food.'
Tios puri an ucsaT7
iwasaii Pelot anatanni.
'When'our uncle
arrives, we'll play ball.'
When the subject of a subordinate clause with -ipana ucsaw is plural in
number, the plural infix -pjj- precedes -ipana to form -pliepana and is
attached to the infinitive stem:
e.g.
pillgalsajj nuripj4epan ucsaw, navajj pankaranac ayrg.
'As soon as
the friends arrive, I'll plant flowers.'
Amigonacajj jutapjjepan ucsaw,...
'As soon as the friends cone,...'
-ipana may be attached to non-verbs as well:
e.g.
IntialstadawcsawnLLvaankaranac ayrU.
'While it is sta.:rise,
I'll plant, flowers.'
(c)
ktaiilajauldan ucchaficamaw, nayajj kapU. 'While my father is
talking, I'll spin.'
-ca- attached to the verb stem.indicates an action contemporaneous
with that of the verb in the main clause.
The personal endings of the
future tense (minus their final vowel) follow -ca-.
The subject of the
subordinate clause is different from that of the main clause; either
the adverb ucchai'!camaw 'in the meantime,' ucohaw 'that moment , or
ucapachaw 'that time' may be used in this construction:
e.g. aystaZall purcan ucapachau, vap Tura.
°While it is raining,
I'll work the fields.'
Juppnagaiii_jall eur can ucapachmt_y_alamiimi.
'While it is
raining, they'll work the fields.'
Andres purcgnasshawtramaijrag.. 'When Andrgs
arrives (at the time), I'll buy one fat sheep.'
mpjscitcaichaJuw.cdspali mackak isinac alaoini.
'When you arrive,
he'll buy himself new clothes.'
Jiwas purcafign uclaiertZtimaiisuma eant'anac mank'ani.
'When we
airiire, he'll eat some good bread.'
268
LESSON XXVI - Grammar
(d) JilailatklleiatrtAyaith.urarqt?Y.
'After my brother
works the field, I too will work the field.'
The subjects of both clauses are not identical; the infix -raqui- appears
between the infinitive stem and the future tense endings.
SUNNARY
(a)
'as soon as I...,I...' = purl tan
nayati
Different subject in both clauses or same subject.
(b)
'as soon as he...,
=
uri an ucsaw, na ati
Different subject in each clause.
(c)
'while he/it...,
= ...-ca- ucchaficamaw, navati
Different subject in
each clause.
...:92=RSELEELMALEli
(d)
'after he..., I...' =
DiffeIt,tt subject in each clause.
III.
In interrogative sentences, the particle -ti may be attached to the
adverb:
e.g.
Purlt:antucsachat'l.,u.mattr2icotalasY?
'When you arrive,
are you going to buy bananas?'
Nayajj nayrakat isthapisY, ucat jarekasY.
E.
Nayajj nayrakat isthapisY, ucat jarekasY.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj nayrakat isthapisYt, ucat jarekasYta.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj nayrakat isthapisipjjan, ucat jarekasipjjani.
M.
kawr awatipjjani
E.
Jupanacajj nayrakat isthapisipjjan, ucat kawr awatipjjani.
N.
j iwasaj j nayrakat yap luraflUn
E.
Jiwasajj nayrakat yap lurann
t!eat Itawr, awatifigni.
262
LESSON XXVI - Substitution Drill
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj nayrakat yap lurapjjgt, ucat kaWr awatilijjgta.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj.naYrakat yap lurg, ucat"kawk.awati..
N.
aymar yatekI
E.
Nayajj nayrakat yap lurg, ucat aythar yatekg.
M.
jupajj nayrakat cart kellkan
E.
Jupajj nayrakat cart kellkan, ucat aymaryatekani
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj nayrakat cart kellkapjjg
ucat aymar yatekapjjg.
jiwaSanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj nayrakat cart kellkapjjafigni.
M.
ch'oke yap khechlapjjaagni
E.
Jiwasanacajj nayrakat cart Lellkapjjaagni, ucat choke yap khech'ap-1'
jjahgni.
M.
jiwasajj nayrakat mank'afign
E.
Jiwasajj nayrakat mank'afign, ucat ch'oke yap khech'afigni.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj nayrakat mank'gt, ucat ch' oke yap khech'gta.
N.
Nayajj, jail purcan ucapachaw, tiojjan utap visitir sarg.
E.
Nayajj, jail purcan licapachaw, tiojjan utap visitir sarg.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj, jail purcan ucapachaw,'tiopan utap visitir sarani.
M.
jilapan isinacap t'ajjsini
E.
Jupajj, jail purcan ucapachaw, jilapan isinac p t'ajjsini.
M.
jiwasajj, suma junt'Ucan
E.
Jiwasajj, suma junt'Ucan ucapachaw, jilasan isinicap t'ajjsingni.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj, suma junt'Ucan ucapachaw, jilapan isinicap eajjsipjjani.
escuel ut utachapjjani
E.
Jupanacajj, suma junt'Ucan ucapachaw, escuel ut utachapjjani.
nayajj, kollkenicg ucapachaw,
E.
Nayajj, kollkenkg ucapachaw, escuel ut utachg.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj, kollkenYpcgt ucapachaw, escuel ut utachapjjgta.
270
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj, kollkenYpca ucapachaw, escuel ut utacha;jja.
walja machak isinac alasipjja
M.
E.
N.
Nanacajj kollkenipca ucapachaw, walja machak isinac alasipjja.
jiwasajj trabajcafian
E.
Jiwasajj, trabaj caiUin ucapachaw, walja machak isinac alasifiani.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj, trabajapcafian ucapachaw, walja machak isinac
alasipjjafiani.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj, trabajcat ucapachaw, walja machak isinac
alasYta.
machak ut utachasYta
M.
E.
M.
Jumajj, trabajcat ucapachaw, machak ut utachasita.
Int jalsunipan, ucsaw, nayajj pankaranac aye'.
E.
Int jalsunipan
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Int jalsunipan
N.
jupajj
E.
Int jalsunifTn
M.
aymar yatichani
E.
Int jalsunipan
M.
int jalantipan ucsaw, nanacajj
E.
Int jalantipan
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Int jalantipan ucsaw, jiwasanacajj
aymar yatichapjjafiNni.
jumajj
M.
ucsaw, nayajj pankaranac ayrU.
ucsaw, jiwasajj pankaranac ayrufiani.
ucsaw, jupajj pankaranac ayruni.
ucsaw, jupajj aymar yatichani.
ucsaw, nanacajj aymar yatichapjja.
E.
Int jalantipan ucsaw, jumajj aymar, yatichata.
N.
chawll manktata
E.
Int jalantipan ucsaw, jumajj chawll manklata.
M.
tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw
E.
Tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw, jumajj chawll manleata.
nanacajj
M.
E.
M.
E.
Tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw, nanacajj chawll manktapjja.
jupajj
Tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw, jupajj chawll stank' ani.,
ovej qharini
E.
Tata Pedrojj purin ucsaw, jupajj ovej qharini.
M.
mama Maria puripan
E.
Mama Maria puripan ucsaw, jupajj ovej qharini.
N.
nanacajj
E.
Mama Maria puripan ucsaw nanacajj ovej qharipjjg.
EL
Pablojj, Chuquiagur purin jan purin ucspachaw, sombrer alasini.
E.
Pablojj, Chuquiagur purin jan purin ucspachaw, sombrer alasini.
N.
jumajj
E.
Jumajj, Chuquiagur purMt jan purMt ucspachaw, sombrer alasMta.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj, Chuquiagur purin jan purin ucspachaw, sombrer alasini.
M.
tatapamp parlani
E.
Jupajj, Chuquiagur purin jan purin ucspachaw, tatapamp parlani.
M.
nanacajj yap luraii tucuyapjjg jan tucuyapjjg
E.
Nanacajj, yap lurafi tucuyapj0 jan tucuyapjjg ucspachaw, tatajjamp
parlapjjg.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj yap lurad tucuyg jan tucuya ucspachaw, tatajjamp par1H.
M.
vacanac aljg
E.
Nayajj, yap luran tucuyg jan tucuyg ucspachaw vacanac aljg.
jupanacajj mank'apjjan jar. mank'apjjan
E.
Jupanacajj, mank'apjjan jan mank'apjjan ucspachaw, vacanac aljapjjan5..
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj, mank'afign jan mank'afign ucspachaw, vacanac aljafigni.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj, mank'apjjan jan mank'apijan ucspachaw, vacanac aljapjjani.
M.
yap khollir jutapjjani
E.
Jupanacajj, mank'apjjan jan mank'apjjan ucspachaw, yap khollir
jutapjjani.
isthapisipjjan jan isthapisipjjan
E.
Jupanacajj, isthapisipjjan jan isthapisipjjan ucspachaw, yap
khollirejj jutapjjani.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj, isthapisipjjgt jan isthapisipjjgt ucspachaw, yap
khollirejj jutapjjgta.
ZLZ
NOSSRI IAXX
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273
H.
jiwasajj
Jilajjajj cafe umcan uca khepat, jiwasajj caft umaraquiLani.
M.
merk'e sill asquichaaani
E.
Jilajjajj cafe umcan uca khepat, jiwasajj merkve sill asquichelni,
M.
jallojj purcan uca khepat
E.
Jallojj purcan uca khepat, jiwasajj merk'e sill asquichaani."
M.
nanacajj
E.
Jallojj purcan uca khepat, nanacajj merk'e sill asquichapjja.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jallojj purcan uca khepat, jumanacaij merk'e sill asquichapjjata.
M.
jiwasanacajj mank' phayaii yAtichap,I;jaEhni
E.
Jallojj purcan uca khepat, jiwasanacajj mank' phayala yatichapjjaatni.
M.
pelot anatapjjaan uca khepat
E.
Pelot anatapjjaaan uca khepat; jiwasanacajj milk! phayaa yatichapjjaJoseajj
E.
Pelot anatan uca khepat, Joseajj mank' phayad yatichani;
M.
jumamp warmimampejj
E.
Pelot anatapjjat uca khepat, jumamp warmimampejj mank' phayail
yatichapjjata.
M.
nayamp cullecajjampejj
E.
Pelot anatapjja uca khepat, nayamp cullacajjampejj mank' phaya
yatichapjja.
M.
nayajj chaull cat!"
E.
Pelot anata uca khepat, nayajj chawll catU.
M.
jumajj
E.
Pelot anatat uca khepat, jumajj chawl]. catata.
Completion Drill - Arunacphokachafia
Replace the underlined forms to agree with the subject of the main verb:
e.g.
Purl__un.Y ucspachaw nayajj pokot alasY.
t........m11..011Y.OMMINI*0
ucspachaw jumajj pokct alasTta.
Purit jan purlt
ucspachaw jupajj pokot alasini.
Purin jan purin
LESSON XXVI - Completion Drill
It?
ucspachaw jiwasajj pokot alasifigni.
purifign jan purian
ucspachaw pelot anatapjjafiHni
puripjjaan jan
puripjjafiHn
ucspachaw pelot anatapjjff.
puripjjU jan puripjffli
ucspachaw pelot anatapjjHta.
puripjjat jan
puripjjHt
ucspachaw pelot anatapjjani.
puripjjan jan
puripjjan.
e.g.,Tatajjajj patican,ucchaficama*, nayajj kapli.
Tatamajj (patlafia) ucchaficamaw, jumajj is t'ajjsYta.
parlcan
Mamapajj (jutafia) ucchaficamaw, jupajj yap lurani.
jutcan
Mamasajj (iutafia) ucchaficamaw, jiwasajj yap lurafigni.
jutcan
Pedrojj ut(plchalia) ucchaficamaw, jiwasanacajj jarekasipjjaani.
pichan
Pedroj j
(umafia)"
ch'ucupjjL.
ucchaficamaw, nanacajj isinac
umcan
Mariajj uywanacar mank' (churafia) ucchaficamaw, jumanacajj
yap khollipjjUta.
churcan
Mariajj wanc'unac (qharifia) ucchaficamaw, jupanacajj kawr
awatipjjani.
qharcan
e.g. Jilajjajj yap lurcan uca khepat nayajj yap luraraquY.
Jilamajj yap (lurafia) uca khepat jumajj yap luraraquYta.
lurcan
Susanajj mank' (phayafia) uca khepat Carolinajj mank' phayaraquini.
phaycan
Mamasajj ut (pichafia) uca khepat jiwasajj ut picharaquifigni.
pichcan
Mariajj koll (sarafia) uca khepat jiwasanacajj kot sarapjjaraquifiUni.
sarcan
Jilajjajj
uca khepat nanacajj parlapjjaraquY.
parlcan
Tata Pablojj (isthapisifia) uca khepat jumanacajj isthapisipjjaraquita.
isthapiscan
Tata Joseajj (isthapisifo) uca khepat jupanacajj isthapisipjjaraquini.
isthapiscan
275
LESSON XXVI -
Questions and Answers - Jisceananacampi ivaw sadaracampi
Jumajj nayrakat isthapisYt, ucat marc saratati?
E.
Jisa, nayajj nayrakat isthapisY, ucat marc sand..'
Nayrakat jupajj ut pichani ucatti mank'ani?
E.
Jisa, nayrakat jupajj ut pichani,'udit mank!'ani.
N.
Nayrakat jumanacajj cafe umapjjata,ucat aymar yatekapjjatati'
E.
Jisa, nayrakat nanacajj cafe umapjja, ucat aymar yatekapjjR.
M.
Jumajj nayrakat ovej jaqhut, ucatti mank'ata?
E.
Jisa, nayajj nayrakat oVejanac jaqh11,
ucat mank'..
Purit jan purYt ucspachat, jumajj pokot alasYtati?
E.
Jisa, purl jan pue. ucspachaw, pokot alasi.
M.
Jumanacajj puripjjat jan puripjjata ucspachat, pelot anatapjjata?
E.
Jisa, puripjja jan puripjja ucspachaw, pelot anatapjja.
Jilamajj yap lurani uca khepat, jumajj yap luraragatati?
E.
Jisa, jilajajj yap lurcan'uca khepat, nayajj luraraquY.
N.
Ana Mariajj monk' phaycan uca khepat, Carolinajj phayaraquiniti?
E.
Jisa, Ana Maria mank' phaycan uca khepat, Carolinajj phayaraquini.
M.
Tata, jumajj utamar purYt ucspachat, pokot alaeta?
E.
Jisa, ucspachaw alasi.
Marcar purian jan puriRah ucspachat, t' ant' mank'afiani*
E.
Jisa, ucspachawmank'afiani.
H.
Tatamajj parlcan ucchaacamajj, cuns jumajj lurata?
E.
Nayajj kapliwa.
M.
Tatasajj parlcan ucchaficamajj, cuns lurapjjalani?
E.
Quesomp t'ant'amp mank'apjja:tani.
1.
E.
Jilamajj yap lUrcan uca khepat, cuns
luatajje
yap luraraqu7.
Nayajj mank' phayca ucchaiicamajj, jumanacajj cuns lurapjjata?
E.
Ist'ajjsipjja.
Susanajj koll sarcan uca khepatjj cuns jiwasanacajj lurapjjaani?
E.
Jawir is t'ajjsiriw sarapjjgfiani.
Jupajj pokot mank' an uca khepat, jumajj mank'araquitati?
E.
Jisa, mank'araquYwa.
276
LESSON XXVI - Questions and Answers
Positive
M.
Jumanacajj jawiran jarisipjjgt uca khepat, nanacajj jarisipjjaraqati?
E.
Jisa, jarisipjjaraqatawa.
Nayajj yapu lurafi tucuy1 uca khepat, mart sargti?
E.
Jisa, sar1tawa.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA ANDRESAJJ MACHAK CALAMIN ALANI
Santiago:
Tata Enrique, jichhgruw tata Andresajj utachani, jupar
yanapir sarafiasawa...
Enrique:
Ay ucawa, nayrakat habas yap khech'afi tucuyg, ucat sang.
S:
Ay tata, nayajj jisc'a ut asquichafi mungygta, ucampis janiw
.asquichcti, inas jutir lunesajj asquicbchY. Jichhajj
khech'afi tucuyg jan tucuyh ucspachaw, tata Andresar yanapi
sari!.
1
E:
Calamingniti, jan ucajj jichhgnicha?
S:
Calamingniwa, pasir domingow tata Andresajj calamin alani.
Utachafi tucuyan jan tucuyan ucspachaw, fiest lurani.2
E:
Ay tata, uqhgmajj tata Andresajj wali kollkeniwa.
S:
Jisa, jupajj pg tunc liq'i vacanac alji, uca kollkempiw
calamin ali, uca kollkempiraNiw fiest lurani.
E:
Tata Andresan jilir yokapajj cuartelat mistjjeti?
S:
Janiraw mistiquiti, inas jutir phajjsejj mistchini.
cuartelanccan ucchaficama machak ut utachani.
E:
Yohapajj yatiti?
S:
Janiw yatquiti.
3
Yokapcjj
Jupajj yatin jan yatin ucspachaw, machak ut
ufijirejj jutani.
4
E:
Cuna sutinis cuartelancquis uca yokapajja?
S:
Franciscowa. Jupajj cuar:elat purincan jan purincan ucspachaw,
casarasini.5
E:
Qhitimpis casarasini?
S:
Tata Lucasan sullca phuchapampiw casarasini.
E:
Uqhgmajj tata Andresar yanapir sarafigni...
NOTES
1
'Is it of tin or oil: straw?'
2
Fiest lurana 'to have a fiesta.'
Cf. Spanish hacer una fiesta.
277
LESSON XXVI - Dialogue - Notes
3
Cuartelat mistijeti?
Spanish cur
'Has he left the barracks?'
'barracks;' mistuila 'to leave.' The.suffiz -t 'from' parallels Itz
Spanish construction salir del cuartel,
4
'What is the name of that son
5
Casarasiaa 'to get married.'
who is in the barracks?'
Cf. Spanish casarse.
TATA ANDRESAJJ MACEAK UT UTACHI
Santiago, tata Andresajj jichhliruw utachani, lak yanapir
Pedro:
.4
sarafiani.
Santiago:
Nayrakat aca babas yap khech'afi tucuyg, ucat utacha i7. yanapir
sara.
1
P:
Nayajj jichhpachaw sarg, cuLalaycutejj utachirinacajj
tucuyapjjan ucspachaw, umapjjani.
S:
Ay tata,. nayaij khech'afi tucufiajjanwa, ucampis umaw jan
utjquiti, qhaya jisc'a jawiran wafiawa, lupiw wal lupi, ucat
umaj j vaaa.2
P:
Aqhamajjg, niy jallojj purifiapawa, inas jutir semanajj
purchini
S:
Juman yapunacamajj janit khech'alaggui?
P:
Utjiwa. MasUruw nayajj yapunacajj khech'Hyata, jichhUrojj
janiw khech'cati, cunalaycutejj ut utachafi yanapafiajjawa.
S:
Uqhamajj jumajj sarcam tata, nayajj khech'afi tucuya uca khepat,
juta.
P:
Clavonacemajj utjiti? Pasir domingojj tata Andresajj janiw
walja clavonac alasinquiti, calamin utataquejj walja clavow
munasi. Nayajj clavompiw tata Andresar yanapee munta.4
S:
Ay ucawa.
Nayan utajjarojj p'1 kil clavow manti.
Ay tata Santiago, nayanjj aca lawanac
S:
3
6
5
lak apafiajjawa.
Waliquiwa, ughamajj nayaw apanY.
(Tata Santiagojj khech'afi tucuyasaj j
7
warmipampiw parli)
8
jichhajj utachir
sarafiajjawa, cunalaycutejj.tata Andresaw utachan --sawa.
Habas khech'afijj tucuyjjtiga,
S:
Mankvasifianiti?
Mama:
JanYraw mank'ajj khatitaquiti, khatin ucspachaw manklasifiani.9
S:
Tata Pedrojj clavonac alafi muni --siva.
Mama:
Aljamsaya, clavojj utjascaraquisg.
waliquiti?
10
278
LESSON XXVI - Dialogue
S:
Waliquiw, uqhamajj app..
Mama:
Acajj mank'ajj Santiago, manleasim, ucatsti utachafi yanapir
saram.
S:
lyaw mank'asi, jumajj jayp'uruw jut.1ta.
Mama:
Waliquiw jutawa.
S:
Sarawaya, uywanac sum ufi jata.
1
NOTES
1
.jichhpacha 'right now.'
2
wafia 'dry°
luniw wal_LTai 'the sun burned a lot.'
3
janit khPch'aOrui?
'won't you have to irrigate?'
Note the shLft of negative -ti from the verb to jani in negative
interrogati.Je statements.
4
clavo (calawu) 'nail.'
munasifia
Cf. Spanish clavo.
to be needed' (lit. 'to be wanted').
yanapeafia:
the infix -tea- after the verb stem and before the
infinitive/pel.sonal ending indicates 'permission.'
e.g. mia 'to leave'
misteafia 'to permit to leaver
5
mantaila
6
laws 'stick, log°
7
tucuyasajj (infinitive tucuyaaa 'to (cause to) finish') 'having
finished': a participle whose subject is the same as that of the
ru]
'to go in, enter.'
main
verb and whose tense Aspect is determined by that of the main verb.
The
8
t:::y:111:::
after the verb stem can
express the notion of completion:
9
e.g.
luri 'he did' /lurjjewa 'he
did it all'
khatita 'cooked': passive
participle of khatifia 'to cook'.
The passive participle is formed by
replacing the infinitive ending by -ta.
10
11
AlIat.isaNa 'sell them' . Infinitive stem + msa
sum uivaiis. 'to
+ /A; pl. aijapidr
.
take good care of.'
279
LESSON XXVII - Pd tunca pakallkonir leaciona
Grammar - Suma parlafiataoui
I.
Constructions using camachaila 'to do something' with the dubitat.iye
future.
Infinitive stem + (plural infix) + -raoui- (interrogative infix) + future
personal etidirigs + -iia.
-2g- infix indicating possibility:
navaoaya 'possibly I'
-ma 'then' (optional)
e.g.
munquiti, camacharagaila, navaoutE
Petrolimarcsarafi
Asajiat__
m
'Pedro doesn't want to go to the village.
sarchY.
What am I
(Perhaps) I'll go.'
to do?
Construction using cunarac 'what then' + future (+ interrogative -sti/-jj
with the,ObitatiVesfuture
(a)
kapah!.
kapcaniti,
e.g.
father will not spin.
What am I to do?
-sti frequently accompanies -raouiw- in
Kawkharae muntasti?
e.g.
(b)
she
.perhaps I'll
spin.'
same clause:
'How many do you want?'
cunarac and the future (+
Josea"aniw Pedron uta--) iccaniti
a na
cunarac
'Josg doesn't want to sleep in Pedro's house.
uYw
icclY.
What am I to do?
(Perhaps) I'll sleep there.'
N.B.:
tecause doubt or uncertainty is being.expressed,-wais not
attached to a future verb farm following camachaia or
cunarac.
The particles -sti and
-jja are
both omissable.
One informant offered a contracted form camachM? 'What am
I to do?'
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuha
Petronajj janiw marc saran: munquiti, camacharaquUjja, nayaqu!y sarchM.
E.
Petronajj janiw marc saran munquiti, camacharaquBjja, nayaquMy sarchM.
M.
jumaquMy sarchMta
E.
Petronajj janiw marc saran munquiti, camacharaquhajja, jumaquMy
sarchMta.
08Z
Nossai IIAXX
ig
a
uoTanaTasqns ITTaa
Apbpoeueu zgoccdeaes
ffeuoaaad mTuup Diem ueaes 4T3Tribunm gerNnbeavccdetioemeo 1;:nbeoeueu
spoccdeaus.
'N
a
upeme 'TaTnbunm
ccuesor mTuec ameA upeme 'TaTnbunm 'eURnbezercdegoemeo
Creasor mTuec
4Lnb.coeueu
7-11pCpTaume
g
Sisnbuoruednp TurtioccdTaume
.g
pgrasor mTurc ameA uTaume TaTnbunm " auTnbeavccdeuemeo
q
ff 'e
AInbeveuednC .TuTgocCdTleme
1,1
Aznbeveuelmq eazipcCdTaeme
.a
ffeasor mTuec ameA upeme 'TaTnbunm 'ecCeaxnbelergderpemeo -Euemnf
ANnbuo eaploccdTaume
ccucce4e3 mTuec go Time naeo u 'TaTnbum
n
'2
CcercuTele mPluf UmB14.3 unavp 'TaTnbunm
'eppapbeaeccdegoemma
Aznbeoeuemnp .eapoccdnavo
'H
xylbesuATc Tuflupp1B0
.a
cpcpae/ mTuef umeup
lg
AInbriteu wipavo
°H
Necce3n mTuuP navq3
unaup 'TaTnbunm 'eppeur.Tnbeautiormeo
Aznbesemg !Tugrtipaeo
wavo
ea
unaup 6T4Tnbunm 6e4finbeautpumeo Apbeiteu
eppapbeampemeo
cpegear/ mTuec umego unlep 'TaTnbunm 'erreapbeaegoemn
..eayloavo
gamic
1
lg
a
uoapad qedepeuno mTuef unmes 'TaTnbunua
uoapad PPedepenno mTuec unmes 'TaTnbunm
'eppeliinbeampemeo 4nbemnr
eeaBomes
g
ea
eCCauTnbeaegoemeo
Ccedezetinp-uolPed mTuef unmes 'TaTnbunm 'ergauTnbeletpemeD 4nbednp
.TuTtlomes
.a
g
eppeapbeaeUdetipumeo
uoaped Hut:lean-Eno mTuup unmes 'TaTnbunm gurCeapbeaerNelpemea
Apbeoeuumnp easgopcdnmes
egeapbeaelloymeo
uoxpad CcedeourEno mTuep unmes 'TaTnbunm gecceapbeaegoemeo 4,:bemnp
-el:prams
ig
cpuesns mTuec *Allem uukelid 'TaTnbunm 'ercauHuInbeaercdevemeD
ApbeoeuesumTp .TuRuplocrdeSeqd
Z T
Nossai IIAXX - PscInS uoT2n3 ITTla
=APO
g-mnbunm ggpc.anguTnbriecCdetpemeo
AznbroeuesumTc TuRupoqdeketid
rpeuesns mTuur
'N
.
vcce3LnbRampumuo
ppouesns mprel
.
opum veAmid gmnbnnw Cennbeimpymeo.
Sznbutm
-e4poiceild
TT
SisnbeSei 'v,6itutld
4
ppeuesns apreC ueketid,slum
N
?
"mnbunm
7
gqpnnb-eaullopmeo 4Inbukeu
rcaPPITC mTuuC TlthbunmIletiou4n
mref4pacCeM uely.pezn gmnbunta 4Cflnbe;s0eme3 AAni;66u .17NoTpain
ucrraznbuiugovuro
'77
fs
CPII:Nur
C mTue
geti3e4n
gmnbunta gurru3Lnbvillgoemeo AInbrunr
gelTitimpeln
4/nbudnc TnTrippeln
PPerfnu mTuvC uetpuln 6-mnbunm
geccauTniniviloymeo ATinbudnc
--..TuTiptlae3n
eCCaufluTnbezegollmeD
gmnbunm
r-
Aisnbes
geccauHuTnb'eampewno
Tutgt.17:71:.eTTf umpean
Ccepumulmu mplec Tanzsa petioTnbsv mnbdeunm
t4
rrzeueukeq aruer Tanosa uelloTnbse Gmnbduunm gycpoupTnbyautpvtimo
AznbesemTf ..TupplotoTnbse
4Inblakeu ;vlatioTnbss
mTuup Tanzsa umpTnbsu
.siptiotnbse.Apirakau
quoteuvuA9i.1
gmnbdrunm 4eCcRnbvielpumeo
yrcpbylecrdegoemeo
97.
ppeoeueuAem wfuei Tanosa
ummnbse mnbdeunm
geCCRnbeaypcderioymeo
.
LgorcdetinnbsulAnbeoeueu
sCrelisnbraurpumeo
Cgroeueuitym viTuec Tanosa putpTnbse "mnbd-ounm
AlnbemnC -elistmloTninz
gyfcennbyampemvp
cpccemiem mTusC undeA -mnbunm
"mnbunm
44Cylisnberet3uurep ANnbemnr 1,44tiodyN
undeq
"mnbunm
guccRnbvivcrdellouteo Asnbeaeuvu
uncle%
"mnbunm
4eccauTnbulegaymeo ApbucinC .Tuplodell
ccercemaem mTuBC undyN
p4Rnirear4dellovmuo
ccuppwiem
LiqueC
sistioccdndel
lq
eCCauTnbuielpemin
.a
gecramiem ATurC
Z9Z
sInS uopnlp ITT44
N0SSH7
41
ffemeoeueur mpreC aemice getppeA gmnbdeunm gerc.z.upbeaeCidetioem23
Arbeoeuednr TuTtp4deppeA
.a
Pcemeoeueur mTueC aemAe yellopeA gpTnbdeupm gerroupbeauffdegoemeo
4nbeoeuednC .TuTtioffdellopeit
effennbeierpegoemeo
'3
crumepulleITI MruBC aumite gellopeA
gmnbdeunm gyrrennbeaeffdepemeo
Aznbeoeuemnr .entioCcdellopeA
'N
effauBuTnbuxevemeo
ea
premeoeueur mTueC amity ueqopeA gT3Tubdeunw 4:caunuTnbeietpemeo
Apbesem.4 .TuRuTtimmlleic
11
ffeffaTme mTuec armAe geme3eA gT3Tnbunm
'a
cceffo2Tmv mplec aemice uelaleA gpTnbunm geccauppbeartlopmeo
4nbusemg
.TuRupp),ageit
uffnnbeampemeo
-a
aemice yelipleA
mTueCI=C:14mv
gmnbunm geffnnbeampemep
Aznbe4eu
'p
44nbewnC entiollaguA
-a
ccepcosTmv mTuef aemi(e uelialeA g.mnbunm geCCennbeievemeo
Ici-,ntemnp
*83SIIPA93elt
'N
Aznbepeueu LtioffdexagyA
-a
ppeCro2Tmy mTueC aemice umleleA
Aznbepeueu szippCdeAa3ric
cfemetIontid
-a
gmnbunm
gegCnnbeieffdetioymeo
mTuep mem uTaeC
Cpemegonqa mTuec
-44oCcdTaec
gmnbunm
mem upec gmnbunm geffrbeieffdexpemeo Apbepeueu
Apbednc TuppaeC
-a
ccemetipnqa mTueC mem
upeC gmnbunm
TuppleC
4
-a
'p
.g
geffeuTnbeielpemeo Aznbednp
1Inbeoeued4 TuploCcdpec
gemetiontid mtueC mem lypec gmnbunm geffauTnbeieffdetpemeo -euednp
Aznbeo fluplocCdpec
Apbeoeuemnf elpoccdpec
pronetiontla mtueC mem upec
mnbunm
gecCennbeieffdegoemeo -euemnp
AInbeo entioCCdper
'N
-a
ppepeueuelin mTuer
mnbdeunm
ccepeumexca mTuer upoo uetmd gmnbdeunm
Apbeoeuemnp
4
.a
UO3
p ummd
-,3ppe34nbeieCcdetioemeo
683,1140CcdelloTd
eiNnbeiegoemeo
p
rceprueuelox mTuec UO3 uelpTd gmnbdeunm gernInbeimpemeD
AznbeAeu wiptptd
2S3
LESSON XXVII - Substitution Drill
Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac lurgsti, nayaquYy kapch2.
E.
Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac lur!sti, nayaquYy kapchn
N.
cunarac lurgtasti
E.
Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac lurgtasti, jumaqay kapch2ta.
H.
cunarac lurapjjanisti
E.
Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac lurapjjanisti, jupanacaqay
kapupjjchini.
M.
cunarac luranisti
E.
Mamajjajj janiw kapcaniti, cunarac luranisti, jumay kapchini.
Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap khollifi munapquiti
E.
Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap khollifi.' munapquiti, cunarac luranisti,
jupaqay khollchini.
-
M.
jiwasaclay khollchifigni
E
Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap khollifi munapquiti, cunarac lurangnisti,
jiwasaqay khollchifigni.
jvpanacaqu!y khollipjjchini
E.
Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap kholliIi munapquiti, cunarac lurepjjanise
jupanacaqu!y khollipjjchini.
M.
nayagay khollch2
E.
Pablomp Joseampejj janiw yap khollifi munapquiti, cunarac lurMsti,
nayaquiy khollch2.
M.
Rositajj janiw chomp p'itafi munquiti,
E.
Rcsitajj janiw clomp patan munquiti, cunarac lurgsti, nayactuYy
plitchl.
M.
cunarac lurapjjangnisti
E.
Rositajj janiw chomp p'itan munquiti, cunarac lurapjjafignisti,
jiwasanacaqey p'itapjjchifiHni.
M.
cunarac lurgtasti
E.
Rositajj janiw chomp p'itari munquiti, cunarac lurgtasti, jumaqay
p'itchita.
M.
cunarac lurapjjanisti
E.
Rositajj janiw chomp p'itan munquiti, cunarac lurapjjanisti, jupanacaqay p'itapjjchini.
M.
cunarac lurapjjgsti
E.
Rositajj janiw chomp p'itafi munquiti, cunarac lurapjjgsti, nanacaqay
p'itapjjchY.
178Z
Nossaq IIAXX
-1
uoTlaTdmoo TTTia
veunav trgetimmild
[Trim"- nprep imr1
lymmu sp-mbunm TTFITOBtiaemeo'e
rceuenc mTuvp amex uTTeme
smnbunm
4nbellinc
cpuenr
ATInbuk3u
opolumv
effulplyeautiommo
elypalltie
rapier amex utivmu
4mnbunm
AisnlmsemTr
vcceuRuTnbuimpowo
Tuflupp4umv
cpurrir /quer imeq uTqumv 4-mnbunm
Aisnbvdnc
3uTnimautioemvo14!:i.
Tupparmv
Ueuenr mprec atm' gpumu 4T4Tnbunm
ApbeommsemTc---
-117-uexeccdmivemep
Tvil4TIPCPTTemu
Umenit mTuec impA uTqumu 4-mnbunm
.eccpbeierrdutioNmeo
wcp-pymy
AInbuavueu
Ppeuenr mplec amul uTlvmu 4T4Tnbunm
Aznbvouumunc.4
yrcielyayeauprdyqpywya
cpeuenr mplup imul uTlume
kicnbrouuudnc
ppr--)14nbuiecrdutioymeo
Gmnbunm
pCovied mTtrep oxein 4T4Tuvoies
ApbactvuEn.Rnbuietp Lgoays
Tuppccdpwly
Zoe,
pcoicipa mplec Diem 4T4Tuvoies
6
Ffoicrea
6
rComa
oaten 6T1Turoays
ApbUSUMTP
mTuur pawl 6T4Tuvoius
6
Apbodnr
Asntreveuuu
cpTcled
mpur oxem
6
rcaupTnbwmgovmeo u
TuEuppays
epcauTnbuimpumeo
Tuppies
alum 4T4prezays
PPoTcred mTuer
iscrelpbrimpumeo
el:spivs
'ALlibumnc
mpmc
elItrogd-prmy
urcnnbvierpmmump
yloccdrivs
4.14Turoays
icznbuouuusemTc
-NuTniyarepplugaemeo
rcau n
Tuptgoccdrivs
CCoiqua mTuur oxem 6T4Turoays
6
ApinpuumunC
PcoTqed mTuvc Dim 4T4Tuvoies
Aznbuoutrednf
'II
rpecPeTeI mprer
muzzdv3 3uauum
6
ppeppluy mTuur T4Tuvotp-eln
Liinbmanr
vrpellnbviafpugovEtwo
u44tiorcdvaus
vrrauTnbuiercdutpeureo
Tuttiorpares
1:4sHanT LlillyeAvu .TTREIT
puitiuno 542a41.1Ani
v4Tri3lloulm
L
NNW.' IIAXX
- eTdmo0 not ITTaa
apaeUn3 TacTueinT
rcenbTaug mTuec an -tTaTueotioTd
Apbednc
ccanbTaug ttplec 2n
ovieuno 14sTuNurinT
-----4TaTue3p-rd
Tupplotmd
AznireseaTc
-figefftleinipeieuno
..caTueoani
Cressur mTuer de4
T=isTY-
TufuT113;Pdeant
1Zplim3Eueser4c -------
PCBcPBTTr P nTur deA 4TaTuepanT
AInbuoeuzu
Pcumem mTuer tipAu ueoluem -mnbunm
peieuno T;sncrdeant
Illorpeant
Apbeoeuerunp
evloCCdusnuem
crudelox imp AT TTnello 6TaTnounmunaup
peieuno TasTueppleint
Aisnbeoeuednc
Tuploppnaeo
ffumnf
muec
Apbekeu
avieuno TasvIVIdeanT
alga 14.BIITeN 4IT170:5567,1517RE56Tavapunm
-4143TIa)1
ccednf equer
VenteN sp-mbunta
ecpelAnbeintlpemeo
Y101191 v4
A"iinbrtin
eCceuguTnbeimpumeo
Tupplasqlegl
goeaowTy mplec uelgoaql 4TaTnbunm
ArIllnbese&T;
cpelowu apeC geopaql
etqeuTnbeaetibilmeo
gTaTnbunm
Tuppopatil
Aznbedni:
gescm, mplec imel
upme
-Eu-imbaxecfdellaamea
Tatnbunm
<pm
AznbnovuesemTP
TuluploccdTasme
cceopueenf mTuef apreq utleme tTaTnbdeunm
ercpbeieCrdegoemeo
Apbeaeura
poccdpeme
cCeopuednf a-Fuer sem uetinnbse 'Tatadnunm
uFreaNnbeieccdetpemea
Apbeoeuemnr
vappccdelmnbse
crupeuemni mTuer sem
ummnbse gpelodeunm
6.--
Apbeaeuednr
cpeasor tiTueC uoapaa dean ''TaTtlean vearmao
cumpit ApbeLeu 1055T
owieuno ecceaRinT
eazgooT
PPOSO: mTuec uoipea dean 4--------tTaTuepot
Aphemnp
crescatmv A-pm? qouod primes 4Tatnbunm
SznbesmaTc
Preso2Tmv tattleC ageo uemn 4TaTnbunm
6---
oexeuno ecceupeini
Tufluppmes.
peieun effeueint
Opium
Apbednc
peuesns mpec ieduen omem tT1Tue3ingo
ANnir3*euesea-cp
tIcauTnbeivicdexpemeo
TuTtioccdeimnbse
6
6eleuno -RtreppeinT
effeu
Tupporpeantp
98Z
mossai IIAXX
uopeTdmoD TTTaa
Ppenesns mTuec iquem T3Tuvoitetid
zpieino
1111100101111111
Apbeveueu
cceaeuednr mplac iedelel
'AI
epyrdeanT
ploppelteqd
oraunno aC17e3R4deanT
neduaA 4T3Tnbdpunm
Aznbepeuemnp
elpoccdadeutA
CCepenemnr mTuec aeoeuedng uedeueS GT41.33odeunm
ANnbepenednp
oeieuz eicavgcdeinT
TuTgoppedeueA
a3aTdmop alp sapualmas iluTpiopae of auk triaqlud
'2'9 lq
.a
'USA
mTuaccfaccaTey 117E10 lypeqb .T3Tnbunm
cceppeley mTuer tionqb
upeqb 4T1Tnbunm 6arPanbeielpewro 4nbeccoT3
TuTtpalmb
'2'a
4
a
'r
N
PpecCumem mTuer uaaT gexa3eA .T4Tnbunm
Ppeccemem mplec pan uexalrA 6T3Tnbunm ovaeuno 4-ElsRanT/eCTRanT
Apbedeup spipplia3eA
ppeccapeueTTr mTnec amex
umeme T3Inbdeunm
.
dmeasof rcadmoaped mTuec Tanzsa In 4egoeln .T1Tnbdeunm
peccumni mTuec nuesx PpepauTsT utsqui3 T3Tnbunm
nepenednr pPedemem mTnec axnem
geicatid
smnbunm
ppeoeuednr mtuer 3eql new-pine T3Tnbdennm .
dmeTauN ccadmeuesns mTnec cam) ime,3 uTmeA emnixteunm
ppiaTuaSui mTuec Tecann imull
qTtleA sT1Tnbunm
cpeccepuueur mTurc leamrx imuil
II
.T4Tnbdunm
uoa3omu ppedroenurrevA &pap ppiepaneduem ivem .T1Tnbae1ngo
cceppeueN mTnec Pcoinaelm aIRM
mu:Boxes
N
dmeAem Pcadmeccamiam mTnec
'N
Tanosa ppepanamem mTuec
N
cce-peN mTuec qanbuledemem xelpem dmotp uelT.14 ElTnbunm
ccanbTaug mTnec u
'N
emeN Pc-amens mTuec
irn
SeTanm .modales
num' waled T3Tnuodn1sTm
PPeoell upetib sT1Tnbunm
ig
ueleleA .i3Tnbunm
dmappeoeueTTr PcadmerceoeueoeTTno mTnec vitio putprideA smnbcteunm
N
PPecceoenemem mTuec uexTTaA TITnbdeunm
aumice
ppeccamaem mTuec 3n uelpTd --ElTnbunm
emeN nelTsou ppedeornationqd mTuep lePaAo
imeo uTmeA sT3Tnbdennm
PPeasor ATuec pauvaAnc uTseTa T3Tnbunm
pl
ppekeN mprep 2eTnbnq3 ilexes plzunm
uppco2Tuiv
cpdponem mplec aedexpvip ,vlum
-I4Inbuom
287
LESSON XXVII
Questions and Answers - Jisctiananacampi iyaw sananacampi
Answer with camgchafia or cunarac.
M.
Juanajj janit kawr awatin munoui?
E.
Psa,* Juanajj janiw kawr awatin munquiti, camacharaqugjja,.rayaqu'ly
awatchY.
(*N.B.
An affirmative answer to a negative question begins with 4Msa.
In English or Spanish, one expects the negative no.]
T.
Pablojj janit mart sarcani?
E.
JYsa, Pablojj janiw mare sarcaniti, camacharaquYjja, nayaquMy sarchi.
Jilauajj janit yap luran munqui?
E.
Ughamawa, jilajajj janiw yap lurafi munquitY, camacharaqugjja, nayavY
sarchi.
M.
Amigonacasajj janit pelot anatari rUnqUi?
E.
JMsa, camacharaquianejja, jiwasanacaquiy anatapchingni
N.
Tatamajj janit utachcani?
E.
Jisa, cunarac lurgta, jumaquiy utachMta.
M.
Tomasajj janiw cart kelikan munquiti?
E.
Camacharaquitajja, jumaquYy kellkchYta.
Susanajj janit Thank' wallpar churcani?
E.
CamacharaquMfigni, jiwasaquMy churchingni.
M.
Robertajj janiw Marian utap iccaniti"
E.
Cunarac lurgjja,nayaquYy icchY.
Patriciajj janiw cafe umafi munquiti?
II.
E.
CamacharaquYtajja, jupaquY umchini.
M.
Jumanacajj janiw jupanacar yanapan munapctati?
E.
Cunarac lurgta, jumaquM yanapchMce.
M.
Escual yatichirejj janiw utjquiti, camachapjjaauisa?
E.
Juanaquiy yatichchini.
M.
Jumajj janiw vac qharifi muatati, nayajj tuns lurgjja?
E.
Tata jumaquMy qharchYta.
M.
Juanajj ponchonac janiw sawun munquiti, camachapjjgsa?
E.
JumanacaquMy sawupjjchYta.
Jumajj mg suma sac chtucufi muntati?
F.
Janiw muncti jumarlay ch'ucchk!ta.
88Z
NOSSTI IIAXX
an8oTuTa -
-6475filY
rrvasor
muvr lanosa In xvgvnovIn Eisvavux imnbmnw
Z
aTnbuuTpuulsa rpeoruaAuf mTuaAel Rut umns Tanasa uutpuln aCCdelme
mTualy/ sudutreA uT 6aCCdeunm uuduaeuemem
EsTnlye4eduueccdssf sTdmeaa
mr4u4 4TC4n eon uelel ccudT4ns asor -mules
prednr mTuup Tanosa
aeuutpuln uTsudeuuA T4Tnbunm HINT T4snan
fTeprur.y,lq ule4 mnauasor -yzuu3
aTmissulp
vaCcduAusmuc
L:E3EIETTf
:allte317
01
cosTuurptesuBD
9TuguuCCduilsi
680euuley aTsed quuemas mTuova Eta Tanosa uellau4n 612y1ICav1me
mTnbuaTuaAel aeleuTsudeueA 9Lre2avaucCdnsau r7upeuaqopv 1Cu
gEMECIEM SEDEUETUA 4umTniyeaucTem udes mTuApm esmInb auTed
meaqopu acCduanT
sTdmean rceqqaTc uTe4 CP89SOf nTuer -elm&
uTsed gmnbunm LusTunueUdetiolimua
um, auasor TuNueccdusaasTP
CraTednr uTdTuec utsedeueA
6uFceuraunm prualeursemTC mumeCauan zi-TuRueUdeAnme
-
ET
:TTf
eluy gasor auccEspu lsed
:asor
4epeuulea, soTa Tnbse an mezHantla
:TTf
u4es, 'asor crupuue4e4
:asor
cuavuuluy ppezeuumnp ATu sumulccdTluA mTualuy qaAeao -pnz.se,
ppluanT wugulccdulme uukeN cpercaAuao TPA E'm'es3sTP
aTspd Cpeaum oTaeleapas ccepaauao
mTnbTdmedeuvunm CcauAuu
fpquao slenlaqludg rcueAuu mTueg ccaNeao aulagTsuganduA
OT
41
1
etilloTf rPexem sewRA mTuec
.T4n4Tnbc4n
,TlasegondeA
ppeAum CreqqaTc uemAeuno mTdmemz43 rpouuemem -e2vsTsumAn 0I
udes mo8uTmop CCeAeu peueuecTe auaaum 4elsedu mTnbeaeuretfon
seoeunanuT aeouunIletn oeuvuugre oisuqoeaTsudu 4E311 rceAun
3E11E3E4 MTUEC oeT43HMECITSEdEUEA
:*3TV
CC9NE.10 ARCCUTU9AE4
'113TUE
upv.1 4accdeunm sluunp Cremnp uer Tanosa
DETEUVIREln UTSEdEUEA zpcpE7rUTIM
4
NM SEMEDEOSTr 4ECC9q3C/T1 MTUTU9AE4
ECCESELIEC.CCITSVIEUEA
:asor
ffelepruumnr Auao 4erculpaccduccantip quAeu 9101 memAntia
lpudeuvA
:'ITf
aRmAuyi oTaulaaoas
NereaeuaD mTueC ueangaZ4eao gTquelounm
,-empaantlo
gucrel4nbeavgaHmea AxnbeAleu
:9SOf
mTnbTTem E4E3 4v3elvITI ccuAeu Tem 4e3sTsno Auao gcseAcrieo
petit.= muAuu aAru *Ezgecreal ppeccamaem mTuec uTsedeuzA
4T4Tnbunm sTdmuon meAuu golednC
Haluna qvaeuumnp
pfulsTnbdes vuan
ppm
:odnao
ccepn m4nbrium uzel 'asor cpumnr. Ean ppeauunduA t-'f.auuellandeA
T3s4uon Tanasa cguenugau4n
-urrnbeaTsuduueA
-
:asor
='ITI
".
augedsn4 4Boruu4e4 megbn.uTdaTTem 9ZBCCasappecmAntip
cretplOtr e4U4 coSu t11.44uuMAU .60:1 muovu.yquav
28q
LLSSUN XXVii - Diclogu,t
Ale.:
Tata Jose, jumarojj pheska patac adob lurafiamawa.
quimsa patac cala.
Jose:
Waliquiw tatanaca, nayajj uchawa.
Ughamaraq%.
28
(Tata Joseajj take chuymaw orak churjjatajj escuel utachafiataquejj
yanapasifi muni) 29
Khept!rusti Jilakatamp Alcaldempejj Josearojj nayra orakeRgcgns
uc churjjapjje. Joseasti wa. i c'uchiquiw jicjjatasjje.3'
NOTES
1
infinitives, like nouns and pronouns, may take the
utachafiar:
suffix -ru.
The -ru is required with vanapafia.
takeniw 'all of them' (animate)
amtafia 'to agree'
3 jahgaiiazikagsmak
4
(in order) to become men.'
tantachasna 'to get togethee! tnta 'meeting'
jawsana 'to call over
5 EgoAldjaniEy
say what'.:
'What are they saying?'
The infinitive is
a contraction of coma 'what' + sana
C3MSRIVS.
to say.'
6
Iseapjjafigni 'let us listen;' infinitive ist'thia 'to listen.
7
'leader of the community'
8
arsufia 'to speak'
9
saga mavniu 'each one'
adobcam 'adobes each', -cams 'each'
10
Alcalde (alcanti) 'the mayor'
11
jiat'afia 'to ask'
12
Jupatej
mmncanejja. 'If he does not want to help'
Conditional
clauses are formed by the construction subject + -(te)ila...verb +
jimithv
ja
-nini- indicates certainty.
ucasiamaw 'regarding that'
-iama- 'regarding'
The final vowel of the
word preceding -iana- is dropped.
ammyafia 'to think'
290
LESSON XXVII - Dialogue - Notes
13
acsgjjar paseanim 'he is passing by over here'
acsa 'over here'; ucsa 'over there'.
The pronominal suffix -sa-
(with long vowel before -I-jai) indicates direction:
e.g.
acsara 'to this side'
..
ucsara 'to that side'
Cf. Spanish pasara.
14
oraket 'by means of land'; -ta indicates means or manner.
(Cf.
15
expressions of the typ' navaroillmalt!ALAELlikt.)
Secretario general
(sicritgr ginirala)
apakana 'to take away'.
The verbal infix -ka- before the infinitive
ending indicates 'action away from;'
e.g.
apafia 'to carry/apakaha
'to take away.'
munafia 'authority; will'; munafiap ampiquiw 'on his authority.'
nayatjj 'from me.'
16
'I don't have fields to cultivate;'
17
ygmas 'at lease; (possibly the components la and masof masaru)
18
Cunayman ch'amampiw
-n- denotes possex;ion.
lit. 'with all sorts of effort.'
ch'ama 'force; difficult'
19
inttrupacas
'workdays,'lit. 'full days'; ina + uru + naca.
Long
vowel results from contractions of a + u.
20
Janiwyanapasi-damacti.'I'm not in a position to help.'
- -lama- added to infinitives or -ri verb-forms introduces the meaning
of possibility or opportunity; the last vowel of the verb is elided:
e.g.
lurafijamawa 'it can be done'
In the negative, the final vowel of the suffix is lengthened and the
negative -cti/7quiti attached:
e.g.
janiw iutiafijamgauiti
can't come; no possibility of coming.'
21
.
uiicateaL_giuJumarchur'ia:ietga
'If you
return...
1
The infix -dja.7,
inserted after the verb stem and before the plu-al infix, indicater,
the return of the action:
e.g.
iutafia 'to come'/jutjiafia 'to come
catokana, catokasifia 'to receive'icatokasjjafia vto receive (bac..1.)"
take chuvmaw 'of good will' (lit. 'all the heart')
291
LESSON XXVII - Dialogue - Notes
22
janiw...munctaniti 'he doesn't want (to give) you'
churchYma 'I will (probably) give you.'
23
ovak catokas'iR uc hajj 'when I receive (future) the lands (back).'
Cf. above, note #21.
Cf. Spanish trabalar.
trahAiata (ravalafia) 'to work.'
24
cuntedijumanacaji sanquistaji uca 'about what you have told me here.'
On safia, cf. dialogue, lesson XX.
25
yanapasiraquim 'then help'
utachananjj:
the -n11.-suffil. denotes location or time when.
suffix -Us (with elision of the preceding vowel)
The
also emphasizes
time when.
26 alicpin u
'How good indeed that you have
consoled me this way.'
mchwliata 'to console.'
Cf.
chuymr. 'heart'
27 catudigmU 'I will give over.'
On
cf. above, note #21.
catufia 'to seizet/catuvaiia 'to deliver, give over'
causative
infix)/catuvijafia 'give back.'
28
uchgwa.'I will put, contribute':
29
orake chutialajj 'with the lands delivered over.'(passive participle)
30
kheptirusti 'the folicwing day' ( =-jutir urcjj) from khopa 'following'
infinitive uchaia.
+ uru 'day' + -sti.
OrakepacHns 'his lands':
the suffix -VcV- (where V represents
reduplication of the preceding and following vowels to form 2 long
vowels) indicates 'place':
cf. acgca 'these places'; similarly, ucH.ca,ahurTr4
ohavaca,
The suffix -n(a)- 'location, possession' and -s(a) 'exclamation'
may be attached at the end.
c'uchi 'happy'
jisjiatafia 'to obtain, receive'
LESSON XXVIII - pa tunca rte..mln'tallkonir lccciona
ancha
demasiodo
rather, too much
anchaquiti
ojalg
would that
casarasina
casarse
to get married
casaru
casado
married
cusisifia
alegrarse, estar alegre to be happy, rejoice
ch'amufia
chupar
to suck
chhakata
perdido
lost
dulce (tulci)
dulce
candy
jac'u
harina
flour
jan ucajja
si non
if not, otherwise
j iwana
morir
to die
kapu
huso
spindle
laca
boca
mouth
manteca (mantica)
manteca
lard
profesor (prufisura)
profesor
professor
pughu
olla
pot, pan
ucampisa
pero
but
yawifia
segar, guadafiar
to cut, shear
Grammar I.
pa
Potential /conditional positive:
'to be able to
, can
,could.
would
sarafia
sarirista
sarsna
sarapjjsna
sarapiierista
s arasma
sarapijasma
saraspa
sarapjjaspa
Analysis:
For all forms except 1st person singular and plural:
infinitive stem .+ (plural infix) + -s- + personal ending.
293
LESSON XXVIII - Grammar
verb stem + (plural infix) + -iri-s-
1st person singular and plural:
+ personal endings.
When the infinitive stem eads in -u-, uri-q- is
e.g. kaput
added:
-ta
endings:
-na
-na
-ta
-ma
--ma
The particles --wa and -iia may be attached to the potential positive
forms (in the 1st person singular and plural, the last vowel is elided:
sariristwa).
Interrogative statements are formed by the addition of-..ti
to the personal ending (in the 1st person singular and plural, to the
last consonant:
sariristti?)
After ucamisa 'but' the negative is contracted to ips; -wa is rarely
found in subordinate clauses.
'I would go
Nayajj marc sariristwa, ucampis yap
e.g.
to the village, but I have to work the fields.'
JA921jAILYsutu,119St_iIELRYSIIMISI°catian125Adj121Pnk'eristYa..
'My mouth hurts,.so I don't eat meat; if not, .Y would (could) eat'
cusisiristwa.
'My father died, so I'm not happy; otherwise, I would be.'
II.
Optative mood:
'would that
'
To express doubt in the future,
anchaqui 'rather' is used with the future tense forms;
the negative
infix -c- is inserted after the verb stem; the particle -ti is attached
to anchaqui. The particle -ti (stressed) often occurs in gd4ordinate
clauses.
e.g.
Nayajj khartkoij*Chtiag sariristwa
ancha.uit tatEu41i muncani
'I would go to La Paz tomorrow, I hope my father wants to (would
that my father go).'
III.
Formation of passive participles:
the infinitive ending is replaced
by -ta:
e.g.
chhakafia 'to lose' /chhakata 'lost'
V6Z
NOSS37 IIIAXX
7, W
uoT.Inapsqns
'N
'a
mac(
ffoldituaeqx
- asem aeunau annosn
Ppuesns 'emadsnduA sTdmeon maamall ueC T4Tnbran
fpoldkeavu cceuusns 4amadsndal sTdmeon
mimeo
Imp
W
.mnbrin
dmeTaeR Ccadmusalai
.a
CfoldAeasqx dmaTam4 CCadmasaaay 6amadsacCdndax sTdme3n maamall
trap
T4Tnbpqn
'N
rpaiteu
cCoidicuaeqx Freicau
gemsTanden sTdmvon meamall
C uE
.T4Inbrqn
maCcelal uac TaTnbunta
a
ccoldituaegx ccakeu 4amasTandux sTdmvon maccale4 ueC
T1Tnbunm
1,T
ccatpuumnau ccumnp (pica amemsucTu
'a
ccatpummnav ccamnc tpAu 6amamsecia sTdmazn aBmaTel urc .T1Tnbunm
geouuminc
ccatiluemnay CcupauednC 434e ccducTe 6umads1 sTdmvan
madam
uac
.T4Tnbuna
uepauallaC madayaToq C ue
.a
mnbrqn
ccatiquumnav crepauudnc tplia 4amadseCcducte sTdmvon uu3auanup metleUT04
uup .T1TnbC4n
'a
aT14 pea=
apnr cream
uaC
mnbcqn
ccadnc Tanosa qn amedsetpuln
pedric Tanasa in gamadsawaln sTdme3n uapaualac murIalaTcol
14
crsmresemTg
.a
ccepauusamTr apnc Cfaxem Tanosa in gamausccdutpuln sTdmeon urzeualec
madaT[Tox ueC .T1Tnbfln
4
muommosajoad
'a
ccuoruasumu apnc cculam Tanzsa In 6amausccdatipaln sTdmeon -aosajoad
C ue
T4Tnbrqn
MBOVUE nap .T1Tnbcqn
'14
Cpeovueu
.a
Cpuouuum apnc ccuaam Tanosa qn gamsTaaccdepuln sTdmeon -aosajoad
mapeuu neC .T1Tnbcqn
14
ccesamTC unTalsup umeumpau4
sa
cCasumu unTalsep gameusAaleA sTdmvon mavemaosajoad uec -T4Tnbc4n
geoeuamnp
.a
geouuumnr uunalsup
T4Tnbcqn
4 &loam
77...m/aTeA
gamemserrd
sTdwaon mapauvaosajoad imp
mTdmouaapano uac T4Tnbc4n
295
LESSON XXVIII - Substitution Dr_11
E.
Jumanacajj castellan yatekapjjasmawa, ucampis libromp cuadernompiw
jan utjquiti.
M.
Nayan lacajjaw usutuo,cat jan aych manlOcti, jan uca4j
E.
Nayan lacaj jaw usutu,ucat jan aych mank'cti, jan ucajj mank'eristwa.
M.
jumanacan
E.
Jumanacan lacamaw usupjjtam,ucat jan aych wank' apctati, jan ucafj
mank'apjjasmawa.
M.
jupan
E.
Jupan lacapaw usu,ucat jan aych mank'quiti, jan ucajj mank'aspawa.
M.
jiwasan mamasaw jiwi, ucat jan larctanti
E.
Jiwasan mamasaw jiwi, ucat jan larctanti, jan ucajj larsnawa.
M.
nanacan
E.
Nanacan manajjaw jiwi !mat jan larupcti, jan ucajj larupjjeristwa.
M.
jupanacan
E.
Jupanacan mamapaw jiwi,ucat jan larupquiti, jan ucajj larupjjaspawl,_
M.
juman
E.
Juman mamamaw jiwi,ucat jan larctati, jan ucajj larusmewa.
jiwasanacan ovejasaw chhakata, ucat jan jaqhupctanti
E.
nuasanacaniovejasaw chhakata,ucat jan.jaqhupctanti, jan ucajj
jaqhupjjsnawa.
M.
jumanecan
E.
Jumanacan ovej amaw chhakata,ucat jan j aqhupctati, jan ucajj
jaqhupjja6mawa.
M.
jiwasan
E.
Jiwasan ovejasaw chhakata9ucat jan ja0ctanti, jan ucajj j aqhsnawa.
M.
nayan
E.
Nayan ovejjajjaw chhakata pcat jan jaqhcti, jan ucajj jaqhuristwa.
jupan cullacapaw casarasi, ucat jan Chuquiag sarquiti
E.
Jupan cullacapaw casarasi pcat jan Chuquiag sarquiti, jan ucajj
saraspawa.
M.
jupanacan
E.
Jupanacan cullacapaw casarasi,ucat jan Chuquiag sarapquiti, jan
ucajj sarapjjaspawa.
M.
juman
E.
Juman cullacamaw casarasi, ucat jah Chuquiag sarctati, jan ucajj
sarasmawa.
296
LESSON XXVIII - Substitution Drill
M.
Nayajj kharUrojj Pablon estanciap sariristwa, anc:aquit tatajjajj
muncani.
E.
Nayajj kharUrojj Pablon estanciap sariristwa, anchaquit tatajjajj
muncani.
N.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj kharUrojj Pablon estanciap saraspawa, anchaquit tatapajj
muncani.
N.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj kharUrojj Pablon estanciap sarsnawa, anchaquit tatasajj
muncani.
M.
kollkejj utjcani
E.
Jiwasajj kharUrojj Pablon estanciap sarsnawa, anchaquit kollkejj
utjcani.
M.
jumajj kharayp'ojj sombrer alasismawa
E.
Jumajj kharayplojj sombrer alasismawa, anchaquit kollkejj utjcani
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj kharayplojj sombrer alasipjjeristwa, anchaquit konkefj
utjcani.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj kharayplojj sombrer alasipjjaspawa, anchaquit kollkejj
utjcani.
M.
khathojj utjcani
E.
Jupanacajj kharayplojj sombrer alasipjjaspawa, anchaquit khathojj
utjcani.
H.
jiwasanacajj jutir marajj chi c& aljapjjsnawa
E.
Jiwasanacajj jutir marajj ch'ok aljapjjsnawa, anchaquit khathojj
utjcani.
H.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj jutir marajj ch'ok aljapjjasmawa, anchaquit khathojj utjcan
utjcani.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj jutir marajj ch'ok aljiristwa, anchaquit khathojj utjcani.
EL
jallojj purcani
E.
Nayajj jutir marajj ch' ok aljiristwa, anchaquit jallojj purcani.
P.
jupajj jutir phajjsejj yapuchaspawa
E.
Jupajj jutir phajjsejj yapuchaspawa, anchaquit jallojj purcani.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jumajj jutir phajjsejj yapuchaspawa, anchequit jallojj purcani.
Z6Z
NOSS31 IIIAXX - uoTan4T4sqns ITTla
pcsAug ismite 4.en4sTiama4u4 sTdmean ln .enecreuetiaeln
"
fCe4eu aemke geivasTiexals4 sTdmean In .ei,leccsulagauln
ppecinC
a
frodnr awake cumedselaTeA sTdmeon On ismedeq.egas4n
T`
PCeasuednp
4.
quovuednr asuKs gemedseicdax.eleA sTdmepa 3n emedeuerpetiveln
auuTsT Emedepercdnonola
grupeuednr xemke 4rmedsuccdmialsA sTdmean peuTsT EMEdE4Errdn311,40
crESOMTc POAO eneussisqb
PCEsBmTf Gann gemeusisqb sTdmeon ouuTsT .emeseueccdnonstio
cpoeuumnp
perx.ppeoeuemnr cememseccdpeqb sTdmnon ememsuerCdnaniqa.aeuTsT
Ccedng
Cpednr P9A0 eymedspeqb sTdmeon zeuTsT -emedeunonsqo
1TToN smedeunqbeC
Cpsdnr
Pali°
gemedsTasqb sTdmpan litol .saedeunqber
fremnC vstia ememsegandeA
Cpumnr
lam
gememseganduA sTdwean
.ememeunqbec
pcsaeuesemTf
ccupsuessmTr xostia 4pmeuscperiandeA sTdmean
luol
.emeseueccdnqbec
ffeoeueu
ffeasuem qostio gem4sTaappetiondeA sTchuson
utol
.stsucCeusfpntitreC
asuedmow -smecCegepaTelTid
preaeueN vitio gemsTiegdegandeA sTdmsan peuedmoto ..eneffeueppielTd
CCeAeu osuouse gealsTaTingo sTdmean asuedmoqo .eauCceualTsd
Ccednp
rr
N
frednr aeuguse semedseinga sTdmean peuedmoga semedeue3Tid
xostia.PCrken gem4sTaTcondeA sTdmean toZtEC
spationdeit
cCs4eg qo zjo geralsTaTtiandeA sTdmean
spagandeit
Iz
ueC 'tvtnbind Sean uer
moneC ueC 'T4Tnband won
tier
ppesenTC
Ccesemu
Aostio gemeusgandsit sTdmeon
molter upC gT4Tnband leon uec
Tlue4ationdeA
298
LESSON XXVIII - Substitution Drill
U.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj ch'ok yapuchaspawa, ucampis jallow jan purquiti, ucat jan
yapuchquiti.
E4
nanacajj adob lurapjjeristwa
E.
Nanacajj adob lurapjjeristwa, ucampis jallow jan purquiti, ucat jan
lurapcti.
N.
jichhuw jan utjquiti
E.
Nanacajj adob lurapjjeristwa, ucampis jichhuw jan utjquiti, ucat jan
lurapcti.
N.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj adob lurapjjasmawa, ucampis jichhuw jan utjquiti, ucat
jan lurapctati.
N.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj adob lurapjjaspawa, ucampis jichhuw jan utjquiti, ucat
jan lurapquiti.
N.
jumajj utachasmawa
E.
Jumajj utachasmawa, ucampis jichhuw jan utjquiti, ucat jan
utachctati.
N.
calaminaw jan utjquiti
E.
Jumajj utachasmawa, ucampis calaminaw jan utjquiti, ucat jan
utachctati.
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj utachapjjsnawa, ucampis calaminaw jan utjquiti, ucat
jan utachapctanti.
N.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj utachaspawa, ucampis calaminaw jan utjquiti, ucat jam
utachquiti.
N.
nayajj pouch sawuristwa, ucampis kollkew jan utjquiti
E.
Nayajj pouch sawuristwa, ucampis kollkew jan utjquiti, ucat jan
sawcti.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj ponch sawupjjeristwa, ucampis kollkew jan utjquiti, ucat
jan sawupcti.
N.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj pouch sawupjjasmawa, ucampis kollkew jan utjquiti; ucac
jan sawupctati.
UtiZ
mossaa IIIAX
wypaIdmoD ITTIQ
eumpay,oi7751FEUV
apeTdea eq3 qaeA mao; o3 eea2e tp.Tm tpee .uoszad
2eo
CCemni
6L'ATFPFi5TET7ORT-FPUbl ctdmeon
Dam
dvic
eneCreueani
ememsvaes
ememegeani
.
sTdmeon de&
c
Crednr Diem sTdmeon6---7-- deA
Creseau
=um
6
.
emedesaes
emedeuvanT
VaBWIES
sTdmvon deA
emeseurani
Crepeuesemu Daum
emeuerrdexes
eaesepecCdeant
sTdaeon de4
prepeuem paem
emsTa4Cdeaes
sTdmvon dvA
.rmucCeueqdranT
rreaeuetunf paym
sTdmeon
ureuserrdeaes
di
ememeperpeant
Ccepeuedni parm
6
umeds734duaes.
etaudeueCrdeint
sTdmeon de4
eunTeo
ccOICIAMDTf cceSEU TEmellp
meCCe3el. uer llTnbunm
,sTdmeon
6
ccosdAuTIDIC ccemni Timutio
mume4e3 uep T/Tnbunm
6
UM/Immo-Fr Cpednc umelp
em4sTan3eo
eaeu4sineo
sTdmeon
.
stdmean
,:emedenuo
medele4 u8C -T4Tnbunm
CroidAutitpu fresemTC TTmego
mesulel. uer -p.pbuniu
stdmeon
rpold4exmoTi CCepeuesenTr umego
sTdmeon MEOSOf ue,C T3Tnbunm
emegsCrdn3ez
Wm.=
Croidicetiwu CCeoeueu Tinutlo
meTaeu treC -picnbunm
prolditetpmf crupeuemnr TImetio
muPPeTTc uer TI.Tnbunm
rpold4eqqau fCepeuednp jTtiEuo
muCCemem ueC TvEnbunm
rpeicen CCetpuumnae
[Tam
emeueun
sTdmeon
6
6
sTdmeon
de4 6(eueant) sTdmeon
emstaarCdn3ev
eaemserpn3e3
umedseCCdn3e3
emsTaTanT
mTuer ueanT -pounm
Ccumnf pralpuumnie deS
leant Tlevunm
stdmon mTuer
VAMSellIT
00E
mossaa IIIAXX - uopeidmoD TTtij
Cpednr aTlig ffeaem Aosqo 4(epegondeA) sTdmeon
mudriC tiep
emedsvqondeA
T1Tnbunm
CCesumu apriC CCeaem Nogg° g(euegondeA) sTdmeon
vmvusiondeA
mesemTC mTueC .Tluelounm
CCeoeuesemu Cpanaeql nunqb
TT0-11
'(17424eqbet0
vmvusUdeleqbem
stdmeon mvoeuesemTC uer .fluelodeunm
CCeovuvtl CCoanauql nunqb
um'
g(eueavqbvm)
vm4sTaaUdeavqbem
sTdmvon movueu uiC flodeunm
Cpeovuemnr CcoldAvaegA goTed (vue4eue) 6 sTdmeon
mvoeuemnC ueC Tlelodeunm
vmemseUdvleue
CCeovuudnr CCosslAvaeqA loTad 6(euel.vue) sTdmeon
meoeuedig ueC .T1Tnbdeunm
emvdseUdeleue
ffeAem Cceqq3-4 ezinp g(eunmeop) sTdmeon
mecpeovi
vmasTanme,q3
CCemnr CpeqqoTC aoinp 4(vundbitio) sTdmvon
mvmeout measn
emvmsnmesqo
CCesemu Cpeqq3TC eoTnp
mvseovi n4snsn
VAAMISMesq3
sTdmvon
Cpudnr oeunue gffirliaiwm sTdmvon eon Cpeoeunue
ovueln mns 94(141.111
emvdseAemTc
FFVOMIESEMIr oeunue g(vuvAvm-4) sTdmeon von
ppoeunue TTum vmvovunam
emeusUdeAvmTC
Uvovuum leCano amvo
umlsTaaCCdTmeA
g(v1.-71TtrX)
sTdmvon Cpeamt:I.
mTueC .T1TnbRovue1peC
(VIr)
ppoeuvanc leCetto amvs4
Cpamull mTueC T4TnbRoeuesqovC
sTdmeon
vmvmseCCdTmeA
Cpeovuednr leamell anvil g(vuTmeA) sTdmeon
Cpeamvil nTuvp -T4TnbRoeue1qoup
vmedseCCdTmeA
CCvAvm aranC ffeseuni dvA 6(epvanT) sTdmeon
nuppelel *Turin'
emlsTaTani
CCemnr aTliq tseseunT
memelea °Tuvani
dvA 6(vueanT) sTdmeon
emvmsvanT
g(euvays) sTdmeon
vmvdsvaes
CCednr
ccoanam
.4ox
6
ABT1EN TUTSVXUSE0
FFESEMTf FF4:11VMM
MOOSOf TUTSUIESE3
30)j
g(egeays) sTdmvon
Ccvoeuesemu aTanc Cfeavm C(EufSbaisVb)
vmvusays
.:mvu..4pIsuauseJ
manioN ueC .T1TnbC1n
is
3C1
LESSON XXVIII - Completion Drill
Nanacajj jutir marajj (casarasifia), ucampis
kollkew jan utjquiti.
casorasipjjeristun
Jumanacajj arumanthejj t'ant' (lurafia), ucampis
jac'ow jan utjquiti.
lurapjjasmawa
Jupanacajj arumanthejj t'ant (lurafia), ucampis
maatecaw jan utjquiti.
.
lurapjjaspawa
Nayaj j ch'ok (yapuchana), ucampis j allow jan
purquiti ucat jan yapuchcti.
yapuchiristwa
Jumajj ch'ok (ya.21Lchsila), ucampis j allow jan
yapuchasmava
purquiti ucat jan yapuchctati.
Jupajj machak utt(: utachafia),.ucampis adobew jan
utjquiti ucat jan utachquiti.
utachaspawa
Jiwasajj machak ut (utachafia),.ucampis adobew jan
utjquiti ucat jan utachctanti.
utachsnawa
Jiwasanacajj mank' (phayana), ucampis phuqhuw
jan utjquiti ucat jan phayapctanti.
phayapjjsnawa
Nanacajj mank' (211,126A), ucampis phuqhuw jan
utjquiti ucat jan phayapcti.
phayapjjeristwa
Jumanacajj yap (khollifia), ucampis aradow jan
utjquiti ucat jan khollipctati.
khollipjjasmawa
Jupanacajj yap (Lhollifia), ucampis aradow jan
utjquiti ucat jan khollipquiti.
khollipjjaspawa
Lacajjaw usutu ucat jan aych mank'cti, jan
ucajj (mank'aE2).
mank'eristwa
Tatajjaw jiwi ucat jan
jan ucaj j
;
":
:10"
cusisiristwa
Jilasaw usuta ucat jan larctanti, jan ucajj
(larafia).,
larsnawa
Tatamau jiwi ucat jan ctisOot'ati, jan ucajj
(cusisifia).
cusisismawa
Warmipaw wawachasi ucat jan jutquiti, jan
ucajj (iRIPA2).
jutaspawa
Josean wawapaw usuta ucat jan kapupctanti,
jan ucajj (kapufia).
kapupjjsnawa
Marian phuchapaw wawachasi ucat jan sawupcti,
jan ucajj(sawufia).
sawupjjeristwa
Joseaw chhakata ucat jan sarapctati, jan ucajj
(sarafia).
sarapjjasmawa
Tiojjaw chhakata ucat jan parlapquiti, jan ucajj
(parlafia).
parlapjjaspawa
ZOE
NOSSS1 IIIAXX - uoTaaidmoD
aaeTdau alp
ciaan of
uTaa
aaa2u ti4Tm alp aosi3seciA uT
3t uTegt
.asneTo'
merreovA ueC 5TaTnbqoumem aeon uef CragooT T4Tnbc4n
emasTaTmn
ueC CPem CcipeT i(euemn)
meme3eA uer 4T4Tnbtoemem wan unC ['Cation
'TaTnbCan asp Cpeon 4tioaT .(We-tiff)
ememsemn
mouer uer mnband lean ueC premn gmnbCan
umedsTsCp4a
ueC Crean ST
moTTer uep TaTnband aeon uep CCumn 6TaTnbCan
ueC Crum sT
umeusTsCpa
mouer urp TaTnband aeon ,Jer
(24 Crum loop .(egeoluutu)
emeusfrdeoluem
(eIWI)
CCallostiv
4TaTnbCan
men:Elul uep TaTnbCpcival vrrn ueC CraltroN
6TaTnban ueC CCron oeuTsT ("firTWre)
emasTaaffdTsete
meCCeaey ueC TaTnbCecleal aeon imp CpeaAnC 4TaTnbCan
umewseffdTseTe
uBC CCeon oeualAnC .(euTsne)
meCCETTf tier TaTnbuTand aeon
ueC rpeon 411 .(eppeTe)
cpaATT0A 6TiTnbrzn
treC
emedsecCdisuIE
eguaes
Cre4eN CCoinietm 2e-mbruip
Cperrezel Tuvounm
rcemnf CroanaenN geTnbncip
CCumeara Tueounm
aTnburous
6
....1
CCedrif rroinietil 2e-mbrul3
a-portioue
6
aTnbetioue
6
eAasTaTaes
EMEMSVIES
umedseles
Credelea .Tueounm
CCesemu ppoanaelm
CCEselea Tuvounm
2eTnbnti3
6
aTnbetioue
emeusaes
VUE3Utre
NetmuusenTr Croidkeartm loTad
6
aTnbegoue
'emeusCpeleue
CCuloTad .Tue-JCan
Creoeueg CCo4dAeautpi aoTad
CCeloTad TuroCan
emlsTaaCpuleue
PrEZBIrMallf CCoadKeautix aoTad
ememseffdeleue
7eaoTad TuvoCan
CCeoeuedur CloidLeietm 4oTad
CCraoTad *Tueoran
umedseffde4eue
3."
LESSON XXVIII - Questions and Answers -- Jisct'auaracamri ivald
safianagampi
M.
Jumajj kharUrojj Chuquiag sarasmati?
E.
Nayajj kharUrojj Chuquiag sariristuwa, anchaquit tatajjajj muncani.
N.
Jupajj kharUrojj Chuquiag saraspati?
E.
JTsa, jupajj kharUrojj Chuquiag saraspawa, anchaquit tatapajj muncani.
N.
Tata Carlos jumajj marc sarasmati?
E.
jisa, sariristwa, ucampis yap luraiiajjawa.
H.
Mama;.yokamajj khath vaca aljir saraspati?
E.
JMsa, saraspawa, ucampis wallpanacar mank' churaLapawa.
Jichhayp'ojj jumanacajj qhaya jach'a kotan chawli catupjjasmati?
M.
Jisa catupjjeristwa, ucampis janiw sarapcgti.
Mama Maria, Estebanamp Patriciompejj ch'o% yapuchapjjaspati'
E.
nsa, yapuchapjjaspawa, ucampis janiw munapquiti.
EL
Jiwasanacajj kharUrojj qhunu Kull ma4hatapjjsnati?
E.
JYsa maqhatapjjsnawa, ucampis waif thayaua.
H.
Tata Lariano, cuns tata Andresan phuchapajj luraspajja?
E.
Mank' phayaspa, ucampis janiw jupajj yunquiti.
E.
Jall vial purisp ucqhajj, jumajj yapunac lul:asmati?
E.
JLsa, luriristwa, ucampis
purquiti.
Arumanthejj Joseajj mes luraspati?
E.
nsa, luraspawa, ucampis clavow jan utjquiti.
H.
Jupanacaij Chuquiag sararjjaspati?
E.
nsa, sarapjjaspawa, ucampis yap khech'apjjanapawa.
1.
Jupajj marc saraspati?
E.
nsa, jupajj marc saraspawa, ucampis yap ...uranapawa.
M.
Jumanacajj marc sarapjjafiamati?
E.
nsa, nanacajj marc sarapjjeristuwa, ucampis yap lurapjjafiajjawa.
M.
Jumajj dulce ch'amusmati?
E.
JTsa, nayajj jichhajj dulce ch'amuristuwa, ucampis lacajjaw usutu.
M.
E.
Jiwasajj jichhajj &dee chamsnati?
JTsa, jiwasajj jichhajj dulce chamsnawa, ucampis lacasaw usutu.
304
LESSON XXVIII Dialogue - Cuento
CRISTINAMP TOMASAMPEJJ TODOS SANTOS FIESTJJAT PARLAPJJE 1
Cristina
Tomasi Todos Santos fiestajj jutir semanawa, jumajj alamanacatac niy altati?
Tomas:
Janiway, arumanthejj Chuquiag sariristwa, ucampis casarasirin
utap ovej aych apafiajjawa.
C:
Nayajj Chuquiaguruw jac'utac irayasifi munta, allchhijjaw jiui,
ucat nayanjj rezayafiajjawa.3
T:
Cunapachas jiwi?4
C:
Pasir phajjsiquiw jiwasqui.5
munta.
T:
Ay Cristina, camacharaouitajja, lurayasiquimaya. Jilir
cullajjaw Chuquiag sarani, inas jupajj jumatac irchini.
C:
Nayajj Chuquiag sariristwa, ucampis yungas quimsa asnot cafia
alir saranajjawa, janit jumajj yungas sarcHtajja?6
T:
Janiw jichha marajj sarati, maymarajj sarHyHtwa, walja
cafianac apaniyHta.
Janiw yatcHylatti.
Jichhajj nayajj t'ant'a lurayafi
Jichhajj sariristwa, ucampis yapuchafiajjaua.
C:
Nayan yapunacajjajj janiraquiu luratHquiti, 7 chachajjan
tiempopaw jan utjquiti, jupajj trabajiriw Chuquiag sarHna.
T:
Fiestatac purininiti?
C:
J7sa, jupajj purininiwa.
T:
Janit jupajj Chuquiagut jac'u apancani?
C:
Janiw apancaniti, antisas yakhanac apanini. 8
T:
Uqhgmajj jichha marajj walja kollke jumanacajj tucjapjjatajjA,
cunalaycutejj take cunas wall carow cueste.9
C:
Jisa, ovejas, c'awnas, quesos, take cunas almatac alafiataquiquiwa.
T:
Aca Todos Santos janipiniw walMquiti, cyvkatarac utjpacha? 10
chekpachapunit almanacajj jutapjjpacha?"
C:
UcapY, cunjHmaquiqui, janiw nayas amuyafi puedcti. 12
T:
Wali llaquiw almanifiajja, cungmas alaquimaya. 13
C:
Jumajj juatag Todos Santos fiestanjj Tomas .1'4
T:
Waliquiwa, jutHwa.
NOTES
2
Todos Santos (tot sant14 turu_santu)
alma 'soul'
3
iryasifia 'to send (for)':
1
'All Saint's Day.'
the causative form of irafia.
Note the
use of ru, corresponding to Spariish errw;ar a.
'to say pray%rs, have pn:7ei:s ca- i;
Cf. SpatIsh re7ar 'to say prayerc-1.
rezayaii
4..m
305
LESSON XXVIII - Dialogue - Notes
4
(lit. 'what time?')
cunapachasa ?'when ?'
5: N.B.
(ATP ,would
durative verb form; possibly because of 7047
expect here. the punctual form diiwi-)
6
yungasa (vuncasa) 'yungas region'
calia 'cane.'
7
Cf.
Spanish caila
Lurata:
'My fields are still not worked.'
pes:Ave participle; in.
the negative, -yquiti is attached.
8
yakhanaca 'other things' (lit. 'others').
IlisiadiKtaiia 'You are wasting'
infinitive tucuna 'to finish'
:
the verbal infix -117 indicating completion, placed after the vef stes
cues to 'costs:
the Spanish form is cuestas
'How will it tate'
10
Cuamatarac utipacha?
11
'Is it certain that the sons will come?'
513ehRacimpunit:
cheka 'certain' + -pacha- indicates possibility +
-punk. indicates certainty.
N.B.
the possibility of attaching
a variety of suffixes to the stem.
The -pacha infix is repeated in the
verb.
12
ucapY. 'so it is':
the 70 is a suffix of exclamation.
smigmageMqui 'so it will be.'
-sa of na,Tas indicates exclamation.
13
almanna 'to have a soul to whom to pray.'
14
ittatap! 'you must come (of course)'
-ni- marks possession.
cf. above, note #12.
306
LESSON XXIX - PH tunca 11Htuncanir lecciona
apthapifia
recoger
awti
caya
sequia; otofip
caya
to gather (in), pick
up, collect
drought; autumn
frozen oca
cayachafia
hacer caya
to make frozen oca
-cucha
si, que
if
ch'ufiu
chufio
frozen potato
ch'ufiuchafia
hacer chufio
to make frozen
potatoes
jiwafia
morir
to die
juch'usa
delgado
thin
jurpUrojj
juyphi
lanqhu
pasado mafiana
the day after tomorrow
helada
grueso
tua
lanti
en vez de
instead of
tincuyana (kcka)
derribar (grbol)
to fell and stump a
vaca kallu (waca kallu)
ternera
calf
cria
suckling (of animalo)
tret
kallu
Grammar - SmiapaIlanatrqui
I.
Potential/conditional negative:
sarcsnati
slrapiyistti
sarawcsnati
sarapquiristti
sarcasmati
sarapcaspati
sarcaspati
Analysis:
negative -c- is inserted after the verb stem and -ti affixec:
at end.
N.B.
Endings same as potential/conditional positive.
If the infinitive stem ends in a long vowel, that
vowel is retained and the negative -c- is attached to it:
e.g.
kollkenYquiristti 'I wouldn't have money'
The plural infix
II.
follows the verb stem.
-ta 'from'
acat pH mararojj 'in 2 years from now' (lit.':17cm bore to 2 years')
Navaii iutkrjaradj janiw yap lurguiristt:,..c_I,Inlayeutqjj iilajjaw
'I couldn't work the fields next year becat
Chuquimut purinini.
my
brother is a;: riving from La Paz.'
307
LESSON XXIX - Grammar
Jivrasajt jutir marai" "aniw ch'ok ya uchcsnati jras gsstrijarararo;'
mpuchachch.inani.
'We can't work the potato field next year, bitt
in 2 years time we may be able to
ii :.
lanti'in place of:
nava lent 'in place of me'
tatajj lant 'in place of my father'
h22s1,Iitiietsarcani.
my brother went instead of me.'
'It would be better if (rather)
(Ebbing. also suggests constructions
of the type lanteila, nayan lant 'in place of me'.
-cucha 'rather, better':
e.g.
attached to nouns and pronouns.
Janiw nayajj sarcati, jumacuch saram.
'I will not go; rather you go.
Nayajj janiw yapuchquiristti, Pedrccucha yapuchaspatlE.
'I can't
work the fields; it's better if Pedro could.'
The addition of the -.LE suffix emphasizes conditionality.)
(N.B.
Distribution of -wa in cuna1amxtejj clauses:
after cm1.0avated
'because',-wa can be attached to the subject of the clause (even in the
presence of the negative iani):
e.g. ...cunalauquiagut puriniai.
...cunalaycutejj Joseaw casarasini.
...mantecaElanatiTELLI
VI.
Review of 'when
e.g.
VII.
Tatailaiimmas, ucqhaw uma 'When my father drinks, then I will drin:;!
7chafia:,
e.g.
then' clauses (cf. lesson XXvI) .
verb-forming suffix added to nouns meaning 'to make'
caya 'frozen oca'imachana 'to make frozen oca'
ch'ufiu 'frozen potatol/ch'unuchana 'to make frozen potatoes'
80£
MOSSTI XIXX
uoTanaTasqns TTtiQ - usem aeunie
11
unosn
paiteN mTueC snstionr peuemeT 4T44sTaTnbCre cp4nokeTeuno .eriercetlegoeln
ffeitem
mTueC sniqpnC peuennT 4T14sTaTnbcTe rfa3noltereuno 3LAuCfeueqouln
CrednE
peuemeT 4TledsuoCTe cralnokeTeuno
umedeueqmn
'a
prednf mTueC
N
ausemTP
3.
Cpesemu muec styptic OBUBMVT 4T3VUSOPTV rca4nokeTeunp vmeseuepeln
*11
auselel umeseueinqo
snstionl:
Cresumu kyruec
umeseueinqo
N
.g
snstionc peuumeT
gpeusofte cralnoitereuno ieselel
grBOBUVU mTuec nqbueT peuellol T43sTaTnbdeAnouT3
Crepeuum kqueg nqbusT oeuelol 4TalszaTnbdeAnoup CCalnpAuTuuno
auCPelel urieffeuegdeinqz
CCepeuednE
a
Cc-coeuednf mTuat nqbueT peueNol gpudsuz)deAnoup ccalnoAereuno
aedelu4 emeetallefilanila
'N
ppetunC
a'
ccemnf
4taut
nqbueT peueloN 4-FumseoAnoup CralnoAeTuuno lemeTel
ensneueinqo
N
meousqouc mns umemeuerun
.3
gemnf mTuer nqbuuT
7'2ueloA 4TlemsepAnouT4
ffa3nokeTuuno umoefiqour
mns -ememeuepun
'j[
ccunp mTuer Bowl "MI pedsupasqb
-a
ccedilf
MTUBc BOVA
um" 4pedsepauqb
cralnpAuTeuno meoestpeC mns -arua
umedeu
rpeopmgemg.
-a
MI
ffVOVUBSVMU BOVA
mns -emesepepPeCun
MTUBC 4TleuswITaugb cca3noiteTruno umpeopeC
cpeAvu
a'
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CPBAUM MTUBP
.
umuCCeuerun
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usasof emedeutieqb
H
ffeken mtuec eaeA TTeA 4T34sTaTnbieqb CC94flD,CAsTeuno ueasof
--e-4Tareqb
emed
N
grepeueu mTuec amyl T41sTaTnbdTieqb
-a
crepeueN mTuec amyl gT44sTaTnbdTieqb cColnokuve,aa ueasof eL,Iudepraeqb
60E
NOSSal
-14
.11
XIX - voTln3T3sqnS ITTaa
Cpeoeuemnr mTuec
rim
Cpesuemnr. mTueC eamel
imula pemseodTmeS
am-:114
ueascf
41.3emseodTat4 CfallnaluTeuno
.emedeuTietit,
N
a
CCovIed Ccotpuemnie
g mTue
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CCatiluewifidanC
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4Tlvdsuolv suuT cTaziamm/Raing
mTueC 43
Cpatpuetuni.:=
gcesemTc
a
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CCuseau CCetpuumme TueC L hmrq3 gTleusoleo
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'14
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ffeopueu
scut cCati3uutandinC
CCeopueN Cfatpuemnae mTuep hmeip 4T34sTaTnbdulv3
114.34dnleo
CCeAsu CCoinietil MTUEr IVOSOf T31sTaTnbrioA
a
4'e/cum
DI
cpneuesemTp
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ATTIVC 1V3SOr gTTOUSCIETTOI SEUT grOIndInc
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N
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Cpeoeuedur Croinautm mTueC aeasor 4T3edseodnioA
croanzetil mtueC aeasof
6T3ewsuouol seuT Cfoandinf: -1714goitol
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N
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1t.
rot
stuT CCo1d4edinC
CCeoeuen Ft:old/Wimp' mTueC 4T-43sTaTnbdau3aln
-iploccdetiou3n
CCednc
2
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.w
CpezeuemrIC
a
sent Croad4edinf
Cfezeuemnr CCoadAuletil mTuep 4T4ualmeodetperl
scut Croadkedint: TuTtiotioe4n
CroadAeietil mTueC 4T3edVeowe3n
fe3ivioCrdelpe4n
'N
cresmiTc
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id
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a
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cleat
B,h4sTaTanT
preAva TgdAnc cpeuped mTuup loTad $T43sTaTnbluue sTdmeon
del;
um4sTaTanT
crumnr
crumnr TtidAnc quipud mTuur loTad 4Tlemsvoluuu sTdmuon deA .umrmseinT
ccusumg
crusumTr TudAnc ccugoud mTusC loTed 6T3uusoluue sTdmuon duA umuusinT
umvusiluum
uoun. tipAu
cruswiTr
quipud mTuur 3oTed 6T38usoluue sTdmeon UOVA
r TtidAn
tioAu
umuusiluem
'14
cream= OPEC
a
cruaeuum orrer Cputpud mTuur 4T43sTITnbdet3uln sTdmeon UOVA qoAr
crutioud mTuer TlIsTaTubdutpuln
umlspeccdulluum
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a
crupLum
(Truer rpriped
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eum4sTa4cdutin
f.--auumnr
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a
ccuAuu Tule cputioud mTuur apAuud TalsTaTnbiAu
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pm?
crutped mTuuC auAued 6T44sTaTnbake sTdmeon
ouur
ffetiped
evalsTanaAs.
14
CCuouuudnr
a
quoeuednr T4mu qutpud mTuur
rcutpud umudsurrdnike
;venue('
4Tqudsuodna.Se :um std crier
ccumnr
a
cremnr Tame Welped m!.uef Au4und
.umewsniSe
cl4emaku
bi.dweJn oLLul ci:evyod
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mossa7 XIXX
4
a
PC70811E11
geoeuem Tulle ccuped mTusC avlued 4T33sTaTnbdna4te sTdmuon orEec
rpqaud um2sTiscrdna1e
2vpT
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.Turoxes
.a
met
Cceuesns Cpanimpi mTusc paym 6TTedsrarss 3Tnbetpus rchic*credeur
.Tur..=.es
gpiteu
cruiveN
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4.
ccusuATc
-a
CCVSVIATf CcOlnlegn MTLEC DIEM
gpeusaass lInbutpue gessur saag. lun
.Tuepies
'11
ccuTysou sumTf
.a
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T11202ES
urn
preolus
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a
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crupeuen Ccoandinc mTuvc ST 4T1.49TaTa4SccEs4 4TnbVq7JUV PPST3SOU
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gudnr cpandanC nTusc
sT
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ffeoeuedrq
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fpoeuudnr pCoandinc nTuur sT 4TledsepdTScce0. 3Traretpue ffuTpou
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wan Turoscruo
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Cream mTusc
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la
ffeneumunr
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rcepeuemni iT34 cPaum mTuec 4TTemsvadetionunitio 4TnImpus quovuednp
peurmnc lun Tuvocielpilucyp
ZIE
asps uoTan4T ITTaa
mossai xixx
11
ffeoeued4
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frupeuednr itlnr qui= ApreC 6Tledsrodempnunitio 3Tnimpue rfeaeuedn;
Deuednp duel TueDdegonuniqo
'N
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gaga
cgoidAezetm mplec 4-EllstaTnbtpekep lTnbetiouy cpaetredric eAeu
3un TueodeweAo
11
creAem mTueC peuecatio 6TalsTaTnbpre metionocceTTC eeccedsecie
.a
rceitem
mTuec peuvcaAo 4p4sTaInbpre metionoCCuTTC eeppedsepre
Ccesemg
cpesumTr mTueC peueceAo 4Tzeusopre metionoseTTC .eccedsepre
11
rcemq
a
cCemnr tiTueC aeueceAo gpemsepfte metionomeTTC -4TedseCie
N
dmeuenr cCadmeuesns mplup pedseodetpeAeo
dmeuenr fCadmeuesns mTuec gpedsvodelpeAeo mellomdeTTC Fre -epredse
TAI
ftetionopTAea
.a
dmetrenr Pradtueuesns mTuec 4TTedseodutpeiteo metionDpTAva
N
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L:;rkbp.7.:ar
N
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eqedgeweAvo
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mTueC 4-pedsempekep mmionopTivea -eppedsetpuiCep
cCadureurmal
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.
dwri-xm
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.uCCedse
N
'
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setiontid
megono
-op=
pvmsupsquem
crumnr mprec Auo 6-pemseo4quem avtlautIontid n-eccrsuillu7t
31.3
LESSON XXIX
Completion Drill - Arunac_phokachana
I.
Replace the verb to agree with each pronoun.
e.g.
Nayajj janiw khath sarquiristti, cunalaycutejj yap lurafiajjava
Nayajj jutir marajj janiw yap CLumill;,
cunalaycutejj jilajjaw Chuquiagut purinini.
lurquiristri
Jumajj jutir marajj janiw yap (luraiis), eunalaycutejj jilamaw Chuquiagut purinini.
larcasmati
Jupajj kharUrojj janiw kot (sarafia), cunalaycutejj Mariaw casalfasini.
sarcaspati
Jiwasaj j kharUroj j janiw kot (saratia), cunalaycutejj Joseaw
sarcsnati
Jiwasanacajj jutir marajj janiw (casarasina) ,
cunalaycutejj kollkew jan utjquiti.
casarasipcsnati
Nanacajj jutir marajj janiw(casarasifia), cunalaycutejj kollkew jan utjquiti.
casarasipquiristti
Jvmanacajj arumarthejj janiw eane (lurana),
lurapcasmati
cunalaycutejj jac'ow jan utjquiti.
Jvpanacajj arumanthejj janiw t'ant' (lurana)
cunalaycutejj mantecaw jan utjquiti.
e.g.
lurapcaspati
catuna
Jichhayp'ojj nayajj janiw chawll catquiristti, ucampis tatajjaj
catuspawa.
JichhayWojj jumajj janiw chawll
ucampis tatamajj catuspawa.
catcasmati
Kharayp'ojj jupajj janiw chawll
ucampis jumanacajj catupjjasmawa.
catcaspati
Jichhayplojj jiwasajj janiw chawll
ucampis tatasajj catvspawa.
catcsnati
anatafia
Kharayplojj jiwasanacajj janiw pelot.
ucampis Joseajj anataspawa.
Xharayplojj nanacajj janiw pelot
jumajj anatasmawa.
Xharayplojj jumanacajj janiw pelot
nayajj anatiristwa.
Kharayp'ojj jupanacajj janiw pelot
ucampis nanacajj anatapjjeristwa.
,
ucampis
,
anatapcsnati
anatapquiristti
ucampis anatapcasmati
anatapcaspati
VTE
NOSS31 X1XX - uoTlaidmoD
20
ppekug mTusc
'EMU
eopp gp4sTaTamustio sTdmuon
umlsTaalliusla
pumsuouresqo
rpumnr mTuup opinp 6(sgumestlo) sTdmeon
smemsuiNuem
Cpedni osunuu mTuec 6(pquArATC) sTdmuon -ono
CcosueC ormedsTivqb
ITedSe0AEMTP
Presumu mTueL annp
T4E1150=012
4(Ep:elms-go)
sTdmeon
cciluell iumuusoluem
TleusodTmsA
CceoeuessmTr m4uec lufeno anvil 6(ETIWE)
sTdmeon Uveuecono ismuuspcdTisqb
ccupeuum nTuuc leCano
amso
(trFF-Xu,ie)
6
sTdmron
T14S31311TATMVA
Houuscano emlsTaaprdpeqb
imell 4(eundex) sTdmeon
Ppeovuemnr mTuec
P911.0 .ememsuppindel.rfameil
NeoUuednr mTueP
zeimuA
29
qameo
(eW1)
vamell /mull
sTdmeon
pumseodnds4
T3Udenodnden
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ccemnr ccatpuumnie mTusc duA goviarli) scut
proandinc .elimanT
pumsuoint
ccednr apni cruaem mTusc xosto 4(EUiliTa17) suuT
Teou esmTnb proluirm TuTtiollondeA
TlydsuotionduA
fpessmTr IT1nr Cream mTuur Apip 4(5TaiiTUTA)
scut lupe Hd ppoiezem .TupplogondeA
TzeusmiondeA
PCsouussumTr Pcoanautm n4usp g(uusoiuum) ssuT
qoandanC sTunuTtlogdeAlluum
sKurta ode lvus T
ffeaeusg Ccoinaum miusc g(sgelluem)
qoandinp Lipprdesquum
TqlsTaTnbduilluum
mTuep laup
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i
(vuziltTax)
g
33VMSBOdenjell
g
Tludsupdslual
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pPeouuudnf pcoldAsautin mTusc laso (t?lle4TTaA)
scut' ffoidAudinc .TuTtloccdentax
muffeoul 6n4nsn luon ppeAsu
muur
usffelul delta
.(eusaus)
T44sTaTnbaus
numsoua 6meqsn 4son cCemnp n4uur uumele4 du4n
Tzemssoiss
nesou
gTmTp lson ppesemTC mTuef Aostlo
muds-al% 6sansn ;eon gedriC mTuec 4oTod
prusotionduA
psdsso4uvis
ueasof medemem 4e4nsn Teon ccuosuesemTp r17:4
2uTnionti0 (eljeaus)
Tquusodeaus
315
LESSON XXIX - Completion Drill
Marian phuchapaw wawachasi, ucat nanacajj janiw
juman utem (iutaiia).
jutapquiristti
Josean yokallapaw chhakata, ucat jumanacajj janiw'
escuel (sarana).
sarapcamati
Koilkew chhakata, ucat jvpanacajj janiw machal;
isinac (alasina).
alasipcaspati
Nayajj kharilrojj janiw Chuquiag (scram'',
anchaquit jilajjajj naya lant sarcani.
sarquiristti
Jumaj khartlroj j janiw Chuquiag (sarafia),
sarcasmati
anchaquit jilamajj juma lant sarcani.
Jupajj janiw k'anu isinac (tcajjsifia), anchaquit
mamapajj jupa lant t'ajjscani.
eajjscaspati
Jiwasajj janiw yap (1prafia), anchaquit Joseajj
jiwas lant lurcani.
lurcsnati
Jiwasanacaj j janiw ut (Dichana), anchaquit Rositajj jiwasanac lant pichcani.
pichapcsnati
Panacajj janiw ut (pichea), anchaquit jumajj
nanac lant pichcgta.
pichapguiristti
Jumanacajj janiw mank' (p amaria), anchaquit'jupanacajj jumanac lant phayapcani.
pbayapcasmati
Jupanacajj janiw mank' (nhavana), anchaquit jumanacajj jupanac lant phayapcgta.
phayapcaspati.
Eayajj arumanthejj janiw.lech (umaila), tatajj
umquiristti
uman ucqhaw umtl.
Jumajj arumanthejj janiw lech (umafia), tataru
uman ucqhaw um&ta.
umcasmati
Jupajj jutir marajj janiw(ch'uftuchafia)., Jost
ch'ufiuchcaspati
ch'unuchan ucqhaw ch'uhuchani.
Jiwasajj jutir marajj janiw (ch'ufiuchafia), Jos6
ch'unuchcan ucqhaw chturiuchangni.
ch'ufluchcsnati
Jiwasanacajj kharayp'pjj janiw (siqua), juyph
cayachapcsnati
utjan ucqhaw cayachapjjgni.
Nanacajj kharayp'ajj janiw (cavachana), juvph"utjan cayachapquiristti
ucqhaw cayachapjjg.
Jumanacajj jurpayp'ojj janiw (chluEuchana), juyph
utjan ucqhaw ch'unuchapjjgtta.
ch'ufiuchapcasmati
Jupanacajj jurpayp'ojj janiw (ch'unucharia), juyph
utjan ucqhaw ch'ufluchapjjani.
ch'ufluchapcaspati
9T£
NOSSTI XIXX
uoTlTdmoD ITTIG
pPeArR 4(upetpudiK)mTuec negartompaa
T33sTaTnblondeA
egedsetiondeA
(euetiondeA)
gumnr mTuep gOperivndeA)
TqemseptiondeS
muliznomeTTC
egedsetiondeA
net751TKg!le)
gednr mTuef Alueo 6(eueunw) -14=qolod
(eueuraii)
CcesemTr mTuep aeTnbnmo g(euezes)
i-mullonoTaew 0(euvaus)
rpoutiesemu MTUVP OVUVOVA
TTedseounm
uffedsrunu
mum
g(eWe)
Tvusozes
eqedseaes
-3uutlieno
tiono
rcepeueN mTuer 3eueame4
6(E-ffirre) Lianzoeuniouum
.(ETIir-11)-
geoeuemnr mTuec ansn
.18)1.4'
'(elleTT0A) tionooluem
(eueantio)
'( tionooluem
(eueantil)
suopsenb pue saemsuv
gemnr
T41sTaTubdecte
erclsTaoCrdeCTe
Tleuseoderrol
eppemseCrdeantio
Repeuednr mTuec lusn ae4eg auTT0N)
axmgaM
peuspdecre
BCpuscpterre
-,
Tledsuoderroll
ecredseppdeantio
wzouueue145FTE t meAT Tameouue3;uu
uer poeumietio
letin
ijaemseays
a
geArN mTuer
'N
cceuncFkaulgoTf Timego LTlemsnaup
leg 'TalsTaTnbaes deb -emegegeanI
cce4e14 PiTurr TTmv110 4T41sTaTnbleo
sTdmeon Tcepeael .emedsnavo
proanapu geoeuetanc loiad LIzemsvccdeleue
proanaela ccEDEUEU mTuuf: .T44sTaTnbdeleue
geAem getpuewnae duA LTasTaTanT
getlauumnav de4.mTueC 4T3emsepanT scut goandanc *eappanT
prednr
apnc gear= mTueC
uo 1 o
6TledseoliondeA
seui gray eswTnb goaraum TuTtiollondeA
annp cps-F=1mm
6emTuer cCemnp mTuec ennp .Tlemseomeop
cceAem
fceSeN aTanC cceaem mTuec deA z-vpsTaTnbanT
gemTuer premnp
apnc
ccoaem mTueg
gednr goanamil mTuer
4emTuef
&etc
Tlemsepani
cpedsepaes
pled4 goaflamm aTuec ToN
114ads...ruaus
11 7
LESSON XXIX.- Questions aria Answers
Nesative
M.
Jumanacajj arumanthejj janiw t' ant' lurapcasmati?
Janiwa, nanacajj arumanthejj
Nayajj kharlirojj janiw
t' ant'
Chuquiag sarquiristti?
E.
Janiwa, jumajj charnrojj janiw Chuquiag sarcasmati..
Z.
Tata Carlos, fumajj juch'us lawaLac aljasmati?
E.
Janiw aljquiristti, cunalaycutejj ut luranajjaua.
N.
Jumanacajj lanqhu kokanac arumanthejj tincuyapjjasmati?
E.
Janiw tincuyapquirLatti.
E4
Pedrojj jutir semanajj vac gharisPati?
E.
Janiw qharcaspati.
M.
Tata Esteban, nanacajj kar awatipj4erlstti?
E.
Janiw awatipcasmati.
M.
Jiwasanacajj khattrojj tata Josear Lollapjjsnati?
E.
Janiw kollapcsnati.
M.
Kharayp'Ojj jiwasajj qhaya adobenac apthapsnati?
E.
Janiw apthapcsnati.
M.
Jumanacajj arumanthejj uca vaca aych mank'apjjasmati?
E.
Janiw mank'apquirxstti.
M.
Tata, jupauacajj awti pachajj yapuchapjjaspati?
E.
Janiw yapuchapcaspati.
M.
Hama, nanacajj jutir marajj ch'unuchapjjeristti?
E.
Janiw ch'ufiuchapcasmati.
M.
Tata Marcos, jumanacajj qhaya alay estancia maqhatapjjasmati?
E.
Janiw maqhatapquirxstti?
M.
Kharayp'ojj Mariajj apill cayachaspati?
E.
Janiw cayachcaspati.
H.
!lama, cuns jumajj lurasmajja:
E.
Janiw cuns lurquirlstti.
Dialogue - Cuento
MR VOLUNTARIOJJ ESTANCIA JAKENA.CAITIF PARLI1
Voluntario:
Buenos dias tatanaca, buenos dias tatanaca.
Grupo:
Buenos dias tata, Buenos dias tata, Buenos &las tata...
Jilakata:
Aca chekar kortt'asim tata... caesac tata...
LESSON XXIX - Dialogue
2
V:
Walic tata, nayajj jumanacamp parIt'asin munt, tata.
J:
Ualiquiw tata, nanacajj jumamp parleasifi munapjjaractwa.
V:
Tatanaca, cues jutir semanajj lurapjjatajja?
J:
cunalayJutir semanajj ch'ufiuchafia taquiw waouichasipjja,
3
cutejj niy juyphi pacharuw purisipcta.4
Tatanaca, jumanacajj ma kollir munapjjasmati?
Cun janejj tata, yanapeapjjetaya, cunaynian usunacaw oca
yokapaw jiwi.
estancianjj.utji. HasUrojj tata Josean
wall puma jakanwa. Janiw qhitis kollan puedcanti, janiY.equiw
cuna usUtapas yatiscanti.5
V:
J:
Uqhamajj ma kolliriw aca estancian utjani. Ucampisa cunjiimea
ma kollirejj purinispajjat' Cayuta? Autota? Caballota?
Nanacaji thac lurapjjeristwa, jumatejj yanapeapjjetasm
V:
J:
ucajja.'
Kawkarus thac lurapjjasmajja?8
V:
Alcaide:
Doctorajj, cawqhans iacaspaj j a?
V:
A:
V:
trabaf.1Nanacajj tucuficamaw lurapjjerista. Inas pa phajjsi
pjjchi, ucampis ingenieron arup munapjjta, nanacjj janiw
jayrasipquiristti, cunalaycutejj machak thac ufijan mu-apjj1:a."
-1'
10
.
.
ut mayeaspajja
Doctorataquejj ma ut utachapjjeristwa, ucampis calaminataqui,
puncunacataqui, ventananacataqviw kollkejj in utjcaspati,
i
e
janit jumajj cunamats yanapapjjetasmajja?l
Waliquiw tatanaca, nayaw ma'tni Voluntarionacamp par1H,
ucatsti oficin sara jupanacar avisiri. Ucchaficamasti
Jutir semana
jumanacajj ch'ufiuchafiatac waquichasipj jam.
nayajj juc'amp jumanacarojj avisapjjama, cunatf lurafia.ea::=1sajj waquisqui ucanacjjata?
J:
Waliquiw tata, waliquiw tata.
V:
Uqhamajj arumanthiw sara uca ingenieromp parlafiataqui.
Kawkhanis trabajapjjatejja?
J:
Sojjta tune pus in chachanacaw trabajapjja.
Todos:
Waliquiw tata, cusisipjjtwa.
V:
Jichhajj sarawayjja tatanaca, jiquisificama.
visitir sarafiajjawa.
Todos:
Jiquisificamay tata, waliqui.
Qhaya esi:ancias
NOTES
1
Note the choice of voluntario"" in place of voluntariomn.
rmitted because of its
is possible. Possibly the first =mpi_is
orra
distance from iierylca"almniwe
L
319
LESSON 4171X - Dialogue - Motes
2
parlt'asina 'to converse.':
-ta- after the verb sum exptesses
courtesy.
3
munapjiaractwa 'also want': -Eggyi- is inserted after the
plural infix
and before the personal ending.
4
waruichafia 'to prepare'
juyphi 'frost':
juyohi pacha 'cold season'
ftallu pache 'rainy season'
awti pacha 'dry season'
5
yatisina 'to get to know'
6
'how' :
The.nominal suffix -ta expresses
-lama- 'only'.
'means, manner.'
ca,vuta 'by footiea7ut sararia
autota 'by caehLutot saraia
caballota 'by horse'kaballot sarafia
7
:imetal-1m 'if you help us.'
8
kawkhllrus 'in hcw many days'
9
tucuficamaw 'until finishing':
infinitive + -cama- 'until' (with
elision of final vowel of the stem).
I
aru 'word'
jayrasipguiristti 'we can't be lazy'
10
jacana 'to live'
11
ventana (wintilna) 'window' (efipanish.ventana)
cuamats "in:some way'
12
mavni in the plural can have the meaning of 'other' (from mava 'one')
oficina (abisina) 'office' (Spanish)
ucchaficamasti 'in the meantime'
cunati
-ti:
'concerning those matters which it is possible to do.'
a subordinate clause marker.
waquisilla 'to be possible.' (cf. waquichana in note #4 above)
-nap 'concerning.
LESSON XXX - Quimsa tuncanir lecciona
achacu
rat&
mouse
chhokha
pato
duck
j amach'
pgjaro
bird
jan
sin
without
j anipini
nunca
never
lechuga (lichuj a)
lechuga
lettuce
liwisina
caerse
to fall
liwina
tirar, echar
to fling, cast (off)
maymgra
el afio pasado
last year
ceispifia
galleta de quinua
cookie made of quinim
usuntafia
enfermarse gravemente
to be seriously ill
walgrmanthi
ayer por la mafiana
yesterday morning
1.
Past potential/conditional:
'would have
saririscgvgta
sarasgna
,
could have
EaraaiilaRal
Aumterisquyata
sarasamgna
sarapliasamgna
sarasepgna
Analysis:
for all forms except 1st person singular and plural:
infinitive stem + (plural infix) +
(potential/conditiona
marker) + personal ending + -ana (past tense marker).
3-T:i1-7777c!;=:7:e::=T-c-t:7131- f:711-1g
endings:
-ta-
infix)
-na-
-ma-
7227
The suffixes -wa and -jja may be attached to the verb, with elision c'
the final vowel.
e.g.
lupiiplefgpmagleji ovei awatiriscqyka, jurew jan munctatcji.z
'Yesterday morning I would have pasturiA sheep, (but) you didn't
want to.'
N.B.
No conjunction links the two clauJ'as; in the si-ccnd clause,
to the veo.
particle is attached to the su,lject and
lie
321
LESSON XXX - Grammar
Negative past potential/ conditional
salapcasgnti
sarapquiriscHylitti
sarcasanti
sarquiriscgOtti
sarcasamanti
.sarapcasamanti
sarcasapanti
sarapcasapanti
AAalysis:
Same as the positive forms, plus the negative -c- inserted
after the verb stem (after the plural infdx);the negative -ti
is attached to the consonant of the ending.
'certainly'
janipini 'never' (lit. 'certainly
iv,
neat')
Unmarked 'if' clauses:
e.g.
Pasir marajjagy_ALIChirailiLlt,imilfatilLejaij liwiscasaapti,
'If I had built the house last year
V.
'Without
ing':
e.g.
it would never have fallci_ de.
jar. 'wiaout
jAnparlasa 'without saying'
jan luras,3 'without doing, working'
3.____A'annnasa 'without ;;,anting'
The infinitive stem is combined with the suffix -sa-; -sa- can be acta4:11,:sd
only to verb stems, and modifies the action performed by the main verb,
the subject of the main verb and the -sa verb is the same.
EvaiiiichhUrojj jan t'awr eallsouiriscgOtti, ian_xptisaw lurta.
e.g.
'I wouldn't have worked the wool today *zdthout knowing wl,at I was
doing.'
VI.
usuntafia 'to be ill.'
The verbal infix -nta- which precedes the infinitive ending indicates
action which precedes from outside and proceeds inside:
e.g.
apatia 'to carry/apantana 'to bring in from outside.'
jallufia 'to rain / plluntafia 'to rain in'
or intensity:
usufia 'to be ill'iusuntana 'to be sericusly ill'
catuna 'to seizet/catnntafia 'to capture, arrest'
VII.
'already': parldia 'to talk, speak'/ 12.2Ildjafia 'to speak already'
e.g. Nix a_Larijvu.psrliigt4..? 'Po you speak Aymara already?'
322
LESSON XXX
Substitution Drill -Wasa arunac uscutia
Nayajj apill mank'eriscgygta.
E.
Nayajj apill mank'eriscHygta.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj apill mank'asapgna.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj apill mank'asgna.
M.
machak isinac alasisgna
E.
Jiwasajj machak isinac alasisgna.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj machak isinac alasipjjeriscgygta.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj machak isinac alasipjjasamgna.
N.
usutanac kollapjjasamgna
E.
Jumanacajj
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj usutanac kollapijasgna.
SO.
k.Illapjjasamana.
jupanacajj
E.
Jupanacajj usutanac kollapjjasapRna.
M.
jumajj
E.
Jumaj j usutanac kollonamana.
M.
chompanac p'it:viamgna
E.
Jumajj champanac p'itasamgna.
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj chompanac p'itapjjerisaygta.
M.
jumanacajj
E.
Jumanacajj chompanac p'itapjjasamana.
M.
chhokhanac jiwayapjjasamgna
E.
Jumanacajj chhokhanac jiwayapjjasamEna.
M.
Nayajj masgrmanthejj chhokh catur saririscgyFta.
E.
Nayajj mesgrmanthejj chhokh catur saririsaygta.
M.
jupanacajj
E.
Jul,anacajj ma:.1;rmanthejj chhokh catur sarapjjasapgna.
323
LESSON XXX - Substitution Drill
M.
nanacajj
E.
Nanacajj masgimaLthejj chhokh catur sarapjjariscgigta.
M.
qhH aynach estancia sarakapjjerisegyHta.
E.
Nanacajj masHrmanthejj qhH aynach estancia snrakamjjeriscHyHta.
N.
jumajj nayarmenthejj
E.
Jumajj nayarmanthejj
M.
jiwasanacajj
E.
Jiwasanacajj nayrHrmanthejj ql1H aynach estaneia sarakapjjasana.
N.
jupajj
E.
Jupajinayarmenthejj qhg aynach estaacia saralrasapHna.
M.
qhN alay koll mistusapHna
E.
Jupajj nayarmanthejj qhM -lay kull mistusepana.
M.
jumanacajj wayarajj
E.
Jumanacajj mayarajj qhg alay koll mistupjjasamHna.
N.
jupanacajj
L.
Jupanacajj mayarajj qhg alay koll nistupjjasepara.
M.
nayajj
E.
Nayajj mayarajj qhg alay koll misturisc HyHta.
M.
walja achacunac jiwayiriscHyUta
E.
Nayajj mayriHrajj walja achacunac jiwayir iscHygta.
N.
nanacajj pasir phajisejj
E.
Nanacajj pasir phajjsejkvalja achacunac jiwayapjjeriscHyHta.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj pasir phajjsejj walja achacunac jiwayasPna.
aynach estaacia sara:msamana.
.
MasUrojj nayajj jan LhollquirlselyHtti.
E.
MasUrojj nayajj jan khollquiriscRyHtti.
N.
jumajj
E.
MasUrojj jumajj jan khollcasamHnti.
Ni.
jiwasajj
E.
MasUrojj jivasajj jan khollcaanti.
usutanacar jan kollcaanti
E.
MasUrojj jiwasajj usutanacar jan koilcasHnti.
F.
nanacajj nayrUrojj
E.
Nanacajj nayArojj usutanacar jan kollapquiriscHyHtti.
* sat = contraction of qhaya.
NOSSM XXX
- uoTanlpsqnS
'Emu
ccupeuudnr
-a
'1
-a
CCuouurdnf CCoanaAvu aupeuulnsn ueC .T4uHdesuodurrol
aeoeuutioCem uep oeuTsT puRdseodeantio
geoeuednr CCoanaAeu aupeurtiopm ueC aeuTsT .T4uNdeseodeanip
cCepeuemq
-a
Cpropuemnr CroanaLeu aeoeuutioCum
'N
CCeouuesemTC ffalpuumansem
ue peuTsT .punmeseoduanuip
ffeaeuesemu CCalpuemaNsem ueliebeuetiopen oeuTsT .T3upeodeantio
2ETIEWNVC uuC TauflseodeAeCCiaed
-a
cruovuesumu CCatiaueluansea aeoeueneC ueC .T4uRsuodeAvCciaed
pednC
a
'j
CCedni CCatpuetansem. arovilaVc tier -pundusvoiCuppriud
preset'.
-a
cpeARN ffaxpuemaRsem aeoeuexup ueC T4TRARosTaTnbAuCCTaed
II
aupeuemem ueC TllopsTaTniAppus
-a
PeAum CCatiluemaRsea aeoeuemea ueF .T44HARosTaTniipT4eA
ell
ffeasuudnC CCoanaAvu
-a
cpeoulludnr Cgoanakeu aupeuumum treC
T4uNdeseodygoTTeA
aTsed CCesffeqd Auu culEARDsTaTtpu4n mTuTdTurc peen --puRdesuosTmTT
-a
iTsea Ccesffetid Aeu gulHApsTaTtpuln mTuTdTueC
ccuqn .TwougeosTmTT
umc
a
aTsed frespfutid
mtlf geupreselpe411
mTuTdTueC Cpeut TauRdeseosTmTT
sumTc
-21
aTsed Cfasffutid semTC gyuRsmpeln LaTuTdpreC Cpeln
puRdesvospan
Cpuplinez TzuRftsvolimplo
-a
aTsed CCesffetid serig geunsetpean mTuTdpreC CpuTmeTuo .T.:apidesepletmo
ccunuisem outreu
-a
peaRmARN veueu geTRARosTa6CCdetpeln mTuTdTuef CpuTtusleo
,esrolptitio
-mind
N
a
oeuetanc
cpeaRuaeK
rEirmretitio
peuetunc crclutpu4n se UttEMB 6 LATuTdTuer CpuTtueTeu
'TWO
geoeueu T43HAR3sTaTnbde4nC
-a
-HasTA!.ubdu4nr
cgeap&eirg -Juueunir guuipticeprdetpu4n rtpivdIutac cfuJuuou
°T33VA
NOSSTI XNX - uapnlpsqns TITaa
ifoiniSeu dnp
.
CCoiniAvn
(Inc
.
4eundesegoeln ppezeueu.mTuTdTuel .T3TRAHosTaTnbde44
'N
ffeovuednp pulideseadv4nf
'a
fp:anthem dnf 4vundesetpe3n Turf LITuT ffermurdnp .174uildesvode44
.N
gains=
a
CfoinseN Avu deA 6v4RAHosTaTinT mTuTdTuep ffeovuedLf rzugdesvadvinf
Azu
deli
v;HARosTaTanT
.
.
ovuesvmTf
'2
froansvN peuesemtf
..pund
deg(
GrupeffdvanT nTuTd-puef ffeovued4 svode4nf
'N
qvuesns pundesvotiondeA
'a
CroinseK ovuesemTC dui 6euRseffdL..in1 m-cdTuep ffeuesns ai7deseogondvA
eN
CfatpuemaniAvu
ea
ffaviquemalliAvN peuvu
ovum
oluem ffdeAvqd v4RARosTi3
&Num GunAposTaaffdeAevid ffrunsnsn.TuTdiusp
illuNdesetnlonde4
eN
Avu
pfaxIluemarlikeN Avu oluvut 6e1BAEosTaT4eqd eIvICTuef fTeuesns
.puRdesvotiondvA
ccuAelq pfoaritmoTP urf ammo.
pfeAux CCoantmaTc uef
unc.6133hApsTaTflbmvS .eu-prstme4
imeo 6T41RAHosTaTnbmeA mnr
....uuTesTmeA
ffesumg
Husurau
ccoingtipTC tier 2M283 4puRsvokleA tune ..euplesTme4
Ppm=
peovuem rfointmoTf use amvil 6T4TRARosTaTnbdTmeA mnf .4tigmesTmeA
PaaJTV euRdesTmeir.
peam
.a
ffvoeuvm ffoinKtiog uvf
.N
ccednf ffoiniAvu uvf
ea
pfednr ffoinaAvu uvp Ion 4-puRdeOvAnouT4 PaaJIV ..euildesvAnoLIT4
'N
ffeoeuvatnf
ca.
ffeDeuvwnr ffoinakeu uef xol 6T4uNwegeoduAnoup PaaJTV euRdeseAnoup
ariE
,T3.2NANDsTaTnirnme4
.vundesTme4
pugdusvoAnouTz
.
Aeu vnAt3sTaTAnoup
ffeovuemnr ffoaniAvu uvf no4 4-puresvodeitnoup
Suit
*e...10RosT4TAmap.
ffeovuednc fCatpueminsvm uef dmotio puRdeseodelIsd
ffvoeuvdnr ffacpuemilisem uef
ex
a
6-pundesvadv4Tid Auu selNABasTiplid
c cpuin
ffetunr ffetpuemaNsem
uvf
dump 6pubmesep3Tid Avu .u3RANDsTIT2T4d
9ZE
NOSSal XXX - uoTanaT3SqnS ITTaa
4
crusymTc
.g
gpesamTr ffaqauemaRsum uup dmoqo 6T4uNsup1Tid
'N
°aim:Inc suRdesuffdeaTad
.g
ffesemu ffaq4uumaNsum usf dmoqo 'TqufisepaTid osuednf .sulidesaffdeaTid
Lett
.ETNAHosTaTaTad
gfekeu ffoanakeu use paRAHosTaTnbdel
g
ffeAuti ffoanaAeu uEC 4TanAflosTaTnbdal
.11
ccRopuesemTc
a
ffeoeuesemu fpoanalieu uef 6TauRsuodndag oruednf .euBdusaffdndell
=ming' -auEdusaffdndex
dnf euNdesndeN
a
ffezeuesamTr fpoanaAau uEC 4TauNsu3dndel dnf ..euRdesndex
uoTaaTdmoD TITaa TATITITTTI5guffIVapeTdau
2a
(pan aoj TTe :suosaad
ffrAuR aoTad .eaRAHosTaTasue
gpfumnr) 4ppednf
Cola
ffsAaN aTsed ffusaTopaaTm uTdsTsb (aueslueli.)
.
ggemnr aTsed gfasaToolaTm uTdsTsb (6171B;Auum)
.
eaRAHosTaailuela
eupaseoluem
fgednr aTsed ffo2uTmop ol TT '(ElluaRs)
aufideseass
ffesamTr alsed ffauTmop oA TT '(ulmaus)
euRseaes
TT011 'OTLITEVigii)
ppapeuesumu ppeapAutit nunqb
suNseggdeleqbem
ggepsuum ffeaRmAum nunqb TToA
uTaaPfdeleqbma
ffuoeuumnr ffeafluaum iqoamef .(TEDIVITD
aupesafgdeAsmTf
pfezeuednr ffeappAem pauTiqoamer .(sun4vo)
vulidaseppdnaup
ffaq4uumaNsupi ffeAuu
ffaquiewaRseN ffumnf
Timm
Timm
anquo (egeaes) .
a-42ApsTaTaes
anauo
UUBTZSPXUS
.(u.17157ii)
ffoidAelAuN ffednf aAnp aTseTa Daum (UTZWID
gfoldAvaAem ffeseATg qAmplo (eueaesy,aTAemTf
froanakem ffspeuesemTf acne aTsaTe paum
.
auEdese4ng
.
euReszel
ffeaRmAsw ffeoeurdng SnqoaT /flake
Ewiaa)
euRsappdaanf
az.RApsTaafgduanf
pfoanaAux ffuosuau TTociao anaAs .0T1765.7)
ffeaRmAem greoeuemnp Hoge° anake (sueln0
a:4141.
supiesuffdaang
-
.
tui3deseffdTuTand
r.
mossaa xxx
crehrtra
uoT49TdmoD
Tula
Cratpuemaliseu cam) `(e4T4pme) meunp imp
e4RARosTJT4rm=::
.ecra4elounm
gemnr CCeqluemiNsum Caro 6(epTume) mednp
Trep
euEmespeme
-uccelTnbunm
CPudnr CpetpuemiNsem
uec .eCcalTnbunm
woqqo
6(1.-WA1741)
meOpeTTno euRdese4emTp
cpesemTr UelpuemaRsem qAmitio 6(eurlturiTc)
meseowano uep -epfelTnbunm
euRseAemTf
ppeoeueseau goaniAem qouod 6(eqames) mTutdoapad
arc eppe4Tnbunm
eugreppdnmes
cceoeuem cpoanakeu qouod 6(Wintiz6) wiuTdetunC uy;
.effe4e4ounm
r3EANosTarrcdmles
Ppeoeuemnr cceipAem
nup gpfelTnbunm
dump 4(V:76a) mTuTdedap
uuNmesuCpdelTid
Pceoeuednr CceiHmAem dmoqo 6(euelTid) mTuTdemnr
uep .eppaTelounm
eurideseprdelTid
vuetiondrA
ppekem cco.7nakeu aeC go 4a: ,(T44.1iARosTaTn5wmictesi)
6cremnp) gccednp Cole
2a
CCoallseN CCeAeu ueC 6(eYeTT04) Ur4 .(q1177TTZ71!
T44RATionaTnbrioq
ealimesetioN
ccemnP.Pcoinsuli usr g(ePeTT04) Teuerro4)-dnp
pp:tinsel/1
cCednp uec 4n 6(suelpTd) Aru *(eyetiotd)
T4upeseoriol
rundesenol
T4uNdeseopTd
e4fikv,sTaTtioTd
CPoinsek ppesemTc Imp an
4(q."liffo
sepetina
euRdeseqoTd
(e7i143T-6)
ProinseK rceoeueseaTC uuf plontib qoAs
oeueinc *(euesAuem)
(71"fiTifiai.)
rpoanseN Cpeoeueu Imp plonqb qoAe g(eproiuem)
ovuemnp
CCoinsew rpeoeuewnc uep 6(uuracq-4) ovueu
(ePTTVRIA)
ppoinsew geoeuednC uei
'OUT-EP:NI)
IlupeopTd.!
GOunioqN) semTP
puuseoduiluem
euRdeseccdeivem
T33HAEosT1Tnbdusluem
eaRmusecpulAuem
papeseodnioqq.
v4R4Ospecpyrroql
puRdesuodmotiq
euRsmovill
ppeapAull Aeu qonqb qffnliTi5) ueP premq
e4NAHostatirmb
(v177P-FillF)
Tlureseoieqb
mnr.preaRmAupl gonqb 6(egge11)
11.4
crudnc
euRmespeqb
TluNdesvoieqb
atse:a
Cpeecpeqd dnp 6(UPREED uep Presehig
.(7176.51D
eundeendeA
punseodux
328
LESSON XXX - Completion Drill
Maymarajj jiwas qhuch (qharifia), jan tatasajj
(qharina).
qharisHna
qharcasapHnti
Pasir phajjsejj jiwasanac (kapufia) , jan Mariajj
kapupj j asIna
kapcasagnti
(1021tia)-
Nayrarmanthejj nanac chomp (p'itafia), jan
jumanacajj (plitang).
p'itapjjeriscRylita
p'itapcasam!!nti
:zra!rarintjpIT!jta!:Tanac chomp (p'itafia), jan
p'itapjjasamlla
p'itapquiriscayatzi
111.71n:141;j1pItill=.
p'itapjjasapHna
p'itapcasEnti
Pasir marajj nay (utachafia), janipiniw utajj
utachirisayHta
(liwisifia).
liwiscasapHnti
chomp
jan
(liwisifia).
utachasaana
liwiscasaanti
NayrUrojj jup (kollafia), janipiniw (iiwafia).
kollasaana
Pasir marajj jum (utachafia), janipiniw
utaj j
jiwcasapUnti
NayrUrojj jiwas (kollaria), janipiniw juc'amp
kollaana
usuntcasapNnti
(usuntafia).
Maslirmanthejj jiwasanac j uyranac alir (sarafia),
janipiniw Pedrojj kollk (chhakayafia).
(sarafia),
j:21.4:11Wh:O111:3:c(C1171:::=r
WasUrojj jumanac chawil caturejj (sarana),
janipiniw Juanajj (iiwaha).
sarapjjasUna
chhakaycasapHnti
sarapjjeriscHyHta
chhakcasapHnti
sarapjjasaana
jiwcasapanti
WasUrojj jupanac chawll caturejj (saraha),
janipiniw nayajj (liwisifia).
sarapjjasapHna
Nayajj jichhUrojj jan eawr(t'ajjsifia), jan.
yatisaw lurta.
eajjsquiriscHfUtti
Jumajj jichhUrojj jan t'awr (t'atisifia), jan
yatisaw t'ajjstajja.
t'ajjscasamHnti
Jupajj walUrojj jan aych (apana), jan yatisaw
apcasaanti
liwisquirisayHtti
apejja.
Jiwasajj walUroj j jan aych (apafia), jan yatisaw
aptanjja.
apcasHnti
Jiwasanacajj maymHrajj jan kok (tincufia), jan
yatisaw tincuyapjjtanjja.
tincuyapcasgati
Eanacajj maymarajj jan kok (tincufia), jan yatisaw
tincuyapjjtjja.
tincuyapquiriscatti
Jumanacajj nayeirojj jan(ch.pfiljchana), jan
yatisaw ch'ufiuchapjjtajja.
ch'unuchapcaF.-..mEq:i
Jupanacajj nayrayp'ojj jen (cayacholia) ,
yatisaw cryachapjjejja.
cayar:;lapcaso-'
j!
6ZE
MOSSal XXX
suoT4sanb pue sailmsuv
Tame3uueues43STI mmXi Tuureaeueues
PcuAuN 30Tad ZTTRAN3sTaT3vue
3
gessi rCemnr 4oTad euRmese4eue
14
prawn- aTsed Cpuemas
3
cent- cfeAuti uTdstab eulnApspeoplym
'N
3
'N
wdeTsb 03upeeeoluem
non azufideeeies
gent. aTsed pfo2uTmop non -emuNduseles
FPOJIIIAVR 4E3E11E12 nociao anus anxpeperrdevir
rCednr aTsed rpoSuTmop
3
4
3
gesu Crepeuemnr nociao anaAe seupluseffde44
gesisr CCemnC
ffatpuemansum euRtuespema
'N
Nekem 4Tuep
noitio le4RAnosTaTnbliandeA
rCeAvm CCatpueuiansem rano
3 esu
4
3
LI4opeppeme
CCemnr ueC nostio wT4upesuptionde6
Croansem rpednp ueC 4n LpundeeeptiaTd
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330
LESSON XXX - Questions and Answers
M.
Tata, waarmanthejj phuchamajj cawcs sarasapWija9
E.
Fiest sarasaana.
M.
Cuns jupajj masUrojj lurasapanjja?
E.
Ch'ufiuchasapana, jan kok tincuycasapUnti.
M.
Tata Carlos, cuns jiwasajj masHrmanthejj parlasHnjje
E.
Suma arunac parlasHna, jan yatisaw pantjastan.
Dialogue - Cuento
MAMA JUSTINAMP MAMA CAROLINAITEJJ KAPUnJJAT PARLAPJJE
Carolina:
Mama Justina, kapusctati'
Justina:
JYsa, kapusctwa.
C:
Cunataquirac kaptasti?
J:
Ponchotaquiw kapuscta.
C:
Wari eawr kapurYtati?
,T:
Janiw kapurkti, wand t'awr kapufiajj wall ch'amawa, ucat
adj
janipiniw kapurYcti.
C:
Nayan wari eawraw utjitu, janiw qhitis kapufi munquiti
--ch'amaw, ch'amaw --sapjjetuwa, camHcharaquejja, nayaquYy
kapchY.
J:
Nayajj ovej t'awrac kapufi yatta, jan ucajj yanapirismawa.
C:
Jumajj sawufi yattati?
J.
Jisa, mH juc'anac yatiractwa, suma awayonac sawufiac jan yatcti.
Pasir maranacaw awichajjajj yatichitu, jichhasti juc'at juc'at2
yatekascta.
C:
Yatekaquimay, inach sawurapitgta. Jutir phajjsejj nayajj 041
suma iquinamp, awayomp sauuyasin munta, janit sawurapitasma:-
J:
Cun janejj Carolina, nayaw avisHma cunapachas ingscH ucjja.4
Cu
Awichamamp achilamampejj jacasipquitir
J:
Awichajjajj jacasquiwa, achilajjasti jiwjjewa.
C:
Ay mama, janiw achilaman jivatapjj yatcti, cunapachas jiwjje?7
,T:
Niy quimsa marajjew jiwatapajja.
C:
AqhHmajja, awichamaj j waliquisquiti?
.j:
J7sa, waliqu!squiwa.
yatichasquitu.
C:
WaliraquisH, suma jakew awichamajj,Justina.
5
6
Jupajj nayarojj juc'amp sawufianac
331
LESSON XXX - Dialogue
J:
Jisa, suma jakewa.
C:
Uqhgmajj.nayajj sarawayjjg Justina, jutir semanaw jutaraqu!,!
jumamp parlasiri, ucqhaw sawufi
J:
Waliquiw Carolina, jutgtawa.
NOTES
wari 'vicuna'
2 _away° 'shawl for carrying articles, baby'
(The word has entered
Bolivian Spanish as maysi)
yatichitu 'she taught me'
imclEtjusliaLl 'little by little
3
sawurapitasma?
4
ingscg uciia 'when I'll be free, enough'
'Can you sew for me ?'
ingna 'to be free'
usijA 'sufficiently; so (much)'
5
jacatia 'to live'
verbal infix
6
7
placed before the ending 'already'.
Janiw acilikasjilltatizatsti.tI didn't know your grandfather died.
jiwata:
passive participle
332
LESSON XXXI -
tunca mavanir leccona
acHca
estos lugares
these places
alcohola (alcula)
alcohol
alcohol
apillanYfia
tener oca
to have oca
apthapina
recoger
to pick up
cusiscH.14na
estar gozando (siempre) to be enjoying
.
consolar
to console
tener fuerza
to have strength
fuerza
strength
ch'okenifia
tener papas
to have potatoes
clumHafia
estar sano
to be healthy
iquinat sartafia
leventarse de la cama
to get up from bed
iquYwi
lugar donde se duerme
place to sleep
jachawYfia
estar llorando
to be crying
chuymjana
(ru)
ch'amanYna
ch'ama
(siempre)
junt'u uma (junt'u 'hot')
desayuno
breakfast
juyranYha
tener vivires
to have food stap2c2s
kalarara
pedregoso
stony
:dajola
piedra
stone
kamirYna
ser rico
to be rich
rico
rich (man)
estar sucio
to be dirty
k'anlifia
k'omachafia
limpiar
to clean
lak'arara
emplorado
covered with dust
"L'Aak'a
tierra, polvo
dirt, dust
larcHwYfia
estar riendo (siempre)
to be laughing
pist'ana
acabarse, faltar
to be consumed
falto, menos
lacking, less
ser pobre
to be poor
pobrgfia (puwri'fia)
pobre (puwri)
pobre
poor
purYwi
lugar de llegada
place of arrival
ohayka
aquellos lugares
those places over
there
esos lugares
those places way ever
qhurYca
nkamiri
thztre
333
LESSON XXXI - Vocabulary
sarnakhwi
lugar donde se vive
living plLce
suyana
esperar
to wait for
suycawYna
estar esperando too
to be waiting all U;.
tate
e
tiempo
thekafia
buscat
to look for
thujsaiia
beder
to stink
thujsa
hediondo
fetid, stinking
trabajon2fia
tener Lrabajo
Lo have work
ucalaycu
por lo tanto
Feccuse of
usut &ria
estar enfernio
to be ill
utanida
tener casa
to have a house
uywanYna
tener animales
to have animals
yapuchhwi
lugar que se siembra
place of rowing
Grammar - Sisaparlarlataaui
i.
Yegative conditional clauses:
Future negative
Future negative
' If I don' t/won' t / Would& t
e.g.
TAIL not....'
Navajj janitelj
jai:tea+ future negative
ug:raniteiuinatsartmt'uuxnaist'aniwa.
'If I won'
get up from bed, the breakfast will be all finished.'
II.
Fast22t2ptial/conditional negative
Eotential negative
'If I didn't...., I wouldn't be able to...'
e.g.
Sanitejj nayaii trabgjaisissjjajjaniw utarkg.guiristti.
'If I
didn't work, I wouldn't be able to have a house.'
III.
The verbal suffix -Vssri- is added to verb stems to indicate the 'place
where the action is performed',:
e.g.
thokona 'to dance' /thok8wi 'place where one dances'
mita 'to roast'410jUwi
'place where one roasts'
umafia 'to drink'iumgwi
'place cohere one drinks'
'place where fiestas take place'
334
LESSON XXXI - Grammar
The resulting form with lengthening of the final vowel mPy function as
an infinitive stem:
e.g.
Nayatejj jan
k'omachquiristja,acacaaziakaTgcasati.
'If I didn't clean up, these places would be impossible to walk
through.'
IV.
Verbal stem -ca- + -awi- (= -cawi-)inserted before the endings expresses
continuous action:
suysgwkia 'to be waiting all the time/suvana 'to wait'
iachcawna 'to be (always) crying'/jachana 'to cry'
larcHwYria 'to be (always) laughing'ilarutia 'to laugh'
V.
-Tinsi)- 'always' inserted before endings.
The infix is attached to the infinitive stem; punctual endings are
attached to -pin(i)-, with elision of the final vowel.
e.g.
sarapintwa 'I always go' (sara + 2in + twa)
aarapiniwa 'he always goes' (sara + pin + iwa)
artaiimintarma 'we always get up' (sarta + pjja
VI.
pin + tanwa)
-Vca attached to demonstrative pronouns forms a noun indicating places:
aca 'this'/acaca 'these places'
glaya. 'that
VII.
over therWhhayaca 'those places over there'
'a
The suffix -rara may be added to nouns to form an adjective indicating
lot of :
k'ala 'rock' /k'alarara 'stony'
chlaphi 'thorn/ch'aphirara 'thorny'
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuila
M.
Nayajj janitejj yapuchcajja, janiw ch'okenYcti.
E.
Nayajj janitejj yapuchcajja, janiw ch'okeacUti.
M.
jiwasajj
E.
Jiwasajj janitejj yapuchcafianejja, janiw cheokenYcangniti.
CE£
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1/1
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14
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NOSSaq IXXX
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deb plbdTsTrotix
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tier Peusodatcpeit c E 4
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- ouunav euelpexoqd
uoT3aidwo0 ITTaa
'I
aondad
28
sqaait 103
Ccricen CcalTurc
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4ljednc Cola
cce3Tuuf 2egTnbT '(euelles)
nounr
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.
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ppm
.empluosTd
.
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mTuep T4Tuezpin
(eWsi")
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40u761.4e0) mos% CCasT
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mTuep T3Tueopin
ppealtnp:4(eustiondeA)ppalTuer mTuep .T3Tueopin
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339
LESSON XXXI - Completion Drill
Nayajj janitejj
wal trabajascta.
utachana
janiw utanYcati, ucalaycuu
__,
utachcHjja
utachcHtajja
janiw utanYcHtati,
Jumajj janitejj
ucalaycuw wal trabajasctajja.
,utachcanejja
janiw utanYcaniti,
Jupajj janitejj
ucalaycuu wal trabajasqui.
janiw utanicanUniti,
Jiwasajj janitejj
ucalaycuw wal trabajasctan.
utachcafilinejja
mank'aI1
janiT7 ch'amanipJiwasanacaj j janitejj
canHniti, ucalaycuw wal mankvasipctan.
mank'apcafiHnejja
Nanacajj janitejj_,
mank'apcHjja
janiw ch'amanYpcgti,
ucalaycuw wal mank'asipcta.
janiw ch'amanipcHtati,
Jumanacajj janitejj
ucalaycuw wal mank'asipctajja.
janiw ch'amaniipcaniti,
Jupanacajj janitajj
ucalaycuw wal mank'asipqui.
rtali k'antIspawa.
Nayatejj jan(apthapina)
acHCAij.6 wall k'afilispawa.
Jumatejj jan (aattaiLfia),
ucHcaTi wall thujsHspawa.
Jupatejj jan(plchana),
Jiwasatejj jan (pichafia) , ucHcaji
Jiwasanacatejj jan (apthapifia),
kalararHspawa.
Nanacatejj jan (apthapifia),
r!spawa.
mank'apcanejje
apthapquiristjja
apthapcasmaj j a
pichcaspajja
wall thujaspiwa . pichcsnaEa
qhaykajj. wall
re-LaytIcajj wall kalara-
Jumanacatejj jan (asquichane),
mank'apatajja
ghurYca
apthapipcsnaj j a
apthapipquiristjja
wall
asquichapcasmajja
wall
asquichapcaspajja
lak'ararlispawa.
Jupanacatejj jan (Agsuichafia), qhurkajj
lak'ararRspawa.
Replace the correct forms of the verbs trabaiana and utanYfia.
Janitejj rukyajj
Janitejj jumajj
Janitejj jupajj
,
janiur
trabajquiristjja
utanYquiristti
janiw
trabaj casmaj j a
utenYcasmati
,
janiw
trabajcaspajja
utanYcaspati
340
LESSON XXXI - Completion Drill
trabajcsnajja
utanYcsnati
janiw
Janitejj jiwasajj
Janitejj jiwasanacajj
,
Janitejj nanacajj
trabajapcsnajja
utanMpcsnati
janiw
trabaj apquiristj j
janiw
,
a
utanYpquirietti
Janitejj jumanacajj
trabajapcasmajja
utanYpcasmati
janiw
,
trabajapcaspajja
utanipcaspati
janiw
Janitejj jupanacajj
saraiia, kollkeniha
janiw
Janitejj marc
sarapintwa.
Janitejj marc
marcjj sarapintawa.
Janitejj marc
sarapintwa.
Janitejj marc
sarapintanwa.
,
kollkenYcasmati
janiw
,
,
,
janiw
,
sara,
,
janiw
Janitejj iquinat
albat sartapjjapintwa.
,
janiw
,
janiw
Jupatejj jan
omachana)
ucat marcjj
sarcsnajja
kollken!csnati
9
,
ucat
sartapcsnajja
trabajonipcsnati
ucat
sartapquiristjja
trabajonMpquiriatti.
sartapcasmaj j a
ucat
janiw
,
ucat sartapcaspajja
trabajoapcaspati
Ilayatejj jan (k'omachafia), acacaj
(sarnakana).
omachatia)
sarcaspajja
kollkenYcaspati
trabajonipcasmati
Janitejj iquifiat
albat sartapjjap.tniwa.
Jumatejj jan
sarnakana).
ucat marcjj
6.
Janitejj iquinat
albat sartapjjapintanwa.
Janitejj iquinat
albat sartapjjapintawa.
III.
sarquiristjja
kollkenMquiristti
sarcasmaj j a
ucat
janiw
,
ucat marc
,
j aniw
k'omachquiristjja
sarnakgwicaspati
AcItcajj
janiw
k'omachcasmajja
sarnakawYcaApati
ucacajj
janiw
klomachcaspajja
iquYwYcaspati
011.914.4).
Jiwasatejj jan (k'omachafia),
uckajj janiw
Jiwasanacatej j jan (qtachala), 041.1enjj jnniw
(puriha).
L'omachcsnajja
igawYcappnti
mtachapcsnajja
purYwMcsspati
VIE
NOSSTI IXXX
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'UPC
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gent. Cre2TueC 4.effenozies Cfewnounr
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mTuellsTsd
craTFUEr DIM 4UPPEMSBOIUS azewszummoll
gesu fpa3tueC palm mperefr3sTaTnbies Tz2sTatnbzummol
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rrepeuemnr frazTuef 4upenodesquem ltzemseCCdluemeatio
'eqf rfeoeueu CfercueC 4eCTRodeoluem mTuef T4Hodaueme1tio
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tier
rpopegeCfemseodetpde
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nem
-emedsnyzol
342
LESSON XXXI - Questions and Answers
Jumanacatejj jan asquichapcasmajja, qhayHcajj wali kalararRspati?
M.
qhayHcajj wali
E.
Jisa, nanacatejj jan asquichapquiristjja,
kalararUspawa.
M.
Nayatejj mamajjar jan chuymjquiristjja,
E.
Jisa, jumatejj mamamar jan chuymjcasmajja, mamamajj jachcHwMspawa.
M.
Tata Carlos jumatejj jan utadhcatajja, utanMytitati?
E.
Janiw utanMcHti.
H.
Tata, Pablotejj jan trabajcaspajja, camachaspasa?
E.
Janiw mank'anicaspati.
M.
Tata, qhaya uarmitejj jan cuns lurcaspajja, camHchasoase
E.
Janiw cunanicaspasa.
M.
Jiwasanacatej j jan trabaj apcsnaj j a, camachapjjsnasa?
E.
Janiw mank'anYpcsnati.
M.
Janitejj jumanacajj lak ajan jarekasipcasmajja, junt'u umajj
pist'aspati?
E.
Jisa, pist'aspawa.
N.
Janitejj nayajj k'anu isinac t'ajjsquiristjja, k'oma isejj
pist'aspati?
E.
Jisa, pisespawa.
U.
Tata Marcos, cunats jumajj sapa doming mare sarapintajje
E.
Janitejj sarquiristjja, janiw kollkenYquiristti.
M.
Tata Esteban, cunats jupanacajj wali albat sartapjjapini?
E.
Janitejj sartapcaspajja, janiw trabajonipcaspati.
M.
Jumatejj acticanac jan sum kalanac apthapcasmajja, cunjamHspasa?
E.
Wali kalararHspawa.
M.
Jisc'a yokalla, jumatejj mamamar jan chuymjcasmajja, mamamajj
cunjamUspasa?
E.
Jupajj jachcHwYspawa.
jachcHwMspati?
j
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA PABLOJJ ESTANCIAPATAC YR YATICHIR
Pablo:
WAKE
Tatanaca, jichhayp'ojj escuel yatichirjjat parlapjjaani,
Niy pH escuel
cunalay4AteIt machak marajj jactanquiwa.
jiebtaircamajj,
janiw
jiejjatetanti.
yatichir munapjjtan,
caachapjjafignisal
343
LESSON XXXI - Dialogue
Luis:
Jis tata, ucajj chekawa, wawanacasajj wal escuelar saran munapi5t
ucampis aca estancianjj janiw yatichirejj utjquiti. Jaya
marcacamaw yakhep wawanacajj escuelarojj sarapjje.2
Tomas:
Ughamawa, nayan wawajjajj sapa albataw escuelarojj sarasqui,
yakhep urojj jallojj wal purl, thayas thayaraqui, take ucanacan
wawajjajj wal llaquisi. Jiwasanacatejj and yatichir thakapjjaanejja, wawanacasajj janiw jaya escuelar sarapcaniti.
Pablo:
Cuns lurapjjaani? Cunjamats ma escuel yatichirini-sn'ajja?
Janitejj jiwasanacajj thakapcaanejja, janiw escuel yatichirinYcafianiti.
Luis:
Pablo:
Cawqhats irpanindni?
nacajj utjquiti.
4
Aca jac'a estancianacanjj janiw yatichiri-
5
cunalaycutejj janitejj Chuquiag
Chuquiag sarapjjananacasaa,
sarapcaanejja, janiw yatichir jicjjatcafianiti.
Tomas:
Nanacajj janiw thakerejj sarapquiristti, cunalaycutejj yapunac
lurarlanacajjawa, uqhamarus jallupachajj jac'anquiwa. Nanacajj
janiw sarapquiristti, cunalaycutejj janiw castellan pariah
yatipcti. Tata Pablo, jupaquYy sarchita, nanacajj.antisas junian
yapum luran yanapapjjama.0
Pablo:
Ucapi, camacharaquajja, nayaelay sarchY.
Chuquiaquh utjchi. Takenit mtnapjjtag
(Takpachaniw Pablon saranap munapjje)
Pablo:
Inas yatichirejj
8
9
Arumanthpachaw Chuquiag sara, jumanacasti escuel ut utacltan
kalltapjjam. Janitejj escuel utaacafilinejja, janiw yatichi-:3jj
jutan muncaniti.
10
Luis:
Waliquiw tata Pablo, nanacajj adobenac luran kalltapjja,
kalanac uchapjjg, lawanac thakapjja, ucatsti calamin alapjjaraquinani.
Pablo:
Waliquiw tatanaca, takpechan trabajapjjaani, and urojj ma escual
yatichirinianiwa, wat'anacasasti leen kellkan juc'amp
yatekapjjani.
Todos:
Waliquiw tata Pablo, nanacajj trabajapjjawa.
Pablo:
Jichhajj utanacasar sarjjapjjaani, jutir semanaw wasitat
tantachasipjjanani.11
Todos:
Waliquiw, waliquiw tata Pablo.
NOTES
1
jichharcamaji 'up until today'
2
lava 'far'
yakhea (or yakha) 'other'
344
LESSON XXXI - Dialogue - Notes
3
cunjgmata 'how come?'
malichisinifia 'to have a teacher'
4
cawqhata 'from where"
5
NB.
use of the plural nominal infix with a pluralized infinitive:
sarapjjananacasawa'we must go'
6
vanappapjjgma 'we will help you'
7
takeniti 'do all?'
8
Takpachaniw Pablon saranap munapjje.
'All want Pablo to go'
(lit. 'All want Pablo's galag.')
takpachani 'all' (animate):
entirety as well as time.
the -.pasha- suffix may also indicate
Cf.
above in the text, jallwasha
season'.
9
arumanthpacha 'tomorrow' (exactly)
10
kalitana 'to begin'
11
tantachasixia 'to meet' (tanta 'meeting')(= ma junta lurafia, on the
model of Spanish hacer una reuni8n).
345
LESSON XXXII Vocabulary - Arunaca
catuyaiia
entregar
to give over; surrender
lunthatana
robar
to steal
manktayana
dar de comer
to feed
nuwana (ru)
pegar
to hit
phisi
gato
cat
qhuri maymll 'ra
ante ano pasado
before last year
wajjt'aiia
regalar, convtdar
to present, invite
T.
Pronominal objects with positive punctual verbs:
Pronominal objects of the verb are attached to the verb stem.
form pronominal, object pronoun is also
are attached to verbs when a suffix /
The full
Pronominal objects
used.
be
attached to the full form pronom-
inal object:
e.g.
Kawkha kawrs nayajj jumar chursme
'How many llamas did I give 7,rit?'
P_ akallk kawr nayajj jumat apaksma.
'I took seven llamas away
from you.'
Pronominal objects are also used when the object of the verb is a pronoun
not necessarily expressed in its full form .
e.g.
Ct1'JLISSjAILAMrALpArj._.._1Sta.9
'Why don't you speak to me in Aymara?'
Pronominal objects are also used to indicate the object of a verb in -ri:
e.g.
Visitiriw,iuma. 'I have come to visit you.'
In interrogative statements which lack a question word (how many...?)
the interrogative suffix -tT is appended to the pronominal object; the
suffixes -wa and
e.g.
Munistatf?
may also be attached to the pronominal object.
'Do you want me?'
If the subject of the verb is plural in number, -apjj- isalways inserted
in the verb.
If the object of the verb is plural in number, -apjj- is
inserted in the verb except when the object is the 3rd person ('he, them').
In order to specify whether the 3rd person subject/object is singular or
plural in number, the full pronominal subject/object must be included in
the sentence:
346
LESSON XXXII - Grammar
The indefinite object ('it, that, them') is not expressed.
To specify, an
indefinite pronoun could be inserted.
The form churapjje is ambiguous in three ways:
(a)
'he gave them' (='he gave it/them to them')
(b)
'they gave them' (= 'they gave it /them to them')
(c)
'they gave him' (= 'they gave it/them to
him')
With the addition of the subject, the object .is no longer, ambiguous:
immaiiglamaiit 'he gave them'
With the addition of the object, the subject still remains ambiguous:
jupanacar churapjje 'he/they gave them'
To eliminate the ambiguity between
(b) and (c),,add both the full
pronominal subject and object.
,1)
Jupajj jupanacar churapjje
(b)
Jupanacajj jupanacar churapjje
(c) Juanaca2iljte
Other cases of ambiguity in the verb form are as follows:
(a)
3rd person singular/plural subject + 1st person dual object
churistu
(b)
1st person dual/dual plural subject + 3rd person plural
objac_t
011111E1ilLilIMEIMILLLIIIIRIMELAIIMELL5A1
N.B.:
In the following frames, the plural infix in the verb seems to be
optional:
'we' (dual) to 'them'
'they'
to 'us' (dual)
Optionality of the plural infix will be marked by an asterisk ( *),.
after the plural infix.
Verb stem: churSubject
to 'you'
'him'
-sma
-ta
(= 1st sg. punctual)
'You' pl. -(aptith)_ ml
'them' -ta
you singular
to 'me'.
(1st sg. punctual)
-istagrusta if infinitive stem encls
in u-1
'him' -ta (= 2nd raj. punctual)
347
there is no separate
NB:
form for 'you' (sing.)
to 'us' (dual /(dual
plural).
-(apjj-) esta
'us' (pl.)
-ta
'them'
(= 2nd sg. punctual)
to 'me' - itu / -utu
'he'
'you'
-tam
'him'
-1/-11 (=Srd sg. ymActual forri.)
'us' (dual) -istu/-ustu
'us' (dual pl.).-(apjj-) estu
'us' (pl)
-(apjj-):etu
'you' (pl.) -(a)ji-)tam
'them'
'we' (dual)
-(apjj-)e-*(= 3rd pl. punct.)
to 'him' -tan (*1st dual punctual)
'them' -(apii-)* tan
'we' (dual pl.)
to 'him' -(Eplalan (= 1st dual pluvil
punctuan
'them' -(apjj-) tan
'we' (pl.)
(= 1st dual (plutal)
punctual)
to 'yOu'
(= 1st dual plural
punctual)
-(apil-) sma
(= 1st pl. punctual
'him'
form)
'you' (pl)
sma
(= 1st pl. punctual
'them'
form)
'you' (pl.)
to 'me'
-(anithesta
'him' -(apij)- ta
N.B.
There is no separate
form for 'you'(pl.)
(= 2nd pl. punctual)
'us' (pl.) -(apjj)-esta
'them' - (apjj) -ta (= 2nd pl. punctual)
to 'us' (dual)/(dual
.pl.)
348
to 'me'
'they'
-(apjj)-etu
'you' -(aPii)-tam
'him' - (apjj) -e (= 3rd pl. punctual)
'us' (dual)
-(apjj)*-istu
'us' (dual pl.) - (apj.j) --estu
'us' (pl.) (-with-eta
'you' (plural) -(apjj)-tam
'them' -(aRiu=st (= 3rd pl. punctual)
ii.
III.
Verbal infix -ya- in causative meaning. Cf.
Word order:
e.g.
direct object may precede
grammar, Lesson XIX.
indirect pronominal object.
Quiuksakallk vacanac jupajj jiwasar catuyistu.
'He gave over to us
eight cows.'
or Jukeilliwa.sar quimsakallk vacanac catuvistu.
Substitution Drill - Wasa arunac uscuiia
M.
Pakallk kawr nayajj jumar chursma.
E.
Pakallk kawr nayajj jumar chursma.
M.
jupajj nayar
E.
Pakallk kawr jumajj nayar churista.
M.
jupajj nayar
E.
Pakallk kawr jupajj nayar churitu.
M.
mayt'itu
E.
Pakallk kawr jupajj nayar mayt'itu.
M.
Sojjta t'ant'anac
E.
Sojjta t'ant'anac jupajj nayar mayt'itu.
M.
jupajj jumar
E.
Sojjta t'ant'anac jupajj jumar mayt'tam.
M.
nayajj jumanacar
E.
Sojjta eantianac nuyajj jitmanacar mayeapjjsma.
.1M
catuyapjjsma
E.
Ji
Sojjta eant'anac nayajj jumanacar
LESSON XXXII - Substitution Drill
M.
quimsakallk vacanac
E.
Qhimsakallk vacanac nayajj jumanacar catuyapjjsma
jupajj nanacar
E.
Quimsakallk vacanac jupajj nanacar cetuyapjjetu.
jupajj jiwasar
E.
Quimsakallk vacanac jupajj jiwasar catuyistu.
M.
churistu
E.
Quirsakallk vacanac jupajj jiwasar churistu.
P.
tunca pheskan lamananac nayajj jupar
E.
Tunca pheskan lamananac nayajj jupar churta.
M.
jiwasanacajj jupanacar
E.
Tunca pheskan lamananac jiwasanacajj jupanacar churapjjtan.
N.
Walja suma ranklanac,jupajj jiwasar manktayistu,
E.
Walja suma mank'anac jupajj jiwasar ranktayistu.
M.
jupajj ju )ianacar
E.
Walja suma mank'anac jupajj jumanacar manklayapjjtam.
M.
nanacajj jumanacar
E.
Walja suma mank'anac nanacajj jumanacar manh'ayapjjsma.
suma umampiw jarekapjjsma
E.
Walja suma umampiw nanacajj jumanacar jarekapjjsma.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
Walja suma umampiw jumanacajj nanacar jarekapjjesta.
M.
jupanacajj nanacar
E.
Walja suma umampiw jupanacajj nanacar jarekapjjetu.
M.
juc'a kollampiw kollapjjetu
E.
Juc'a kollampiw jupanacajj nanacar kollapjjetu.
N.
suma kollampiw nayajj jupanacar
E.
Suma kollampiw nayajj jupanacar kollta.
M.
jupanacajj jumanacar
E.
Suma kollampiw jupanacajj jumanacar kollapjjtam.
M.
jupanacajj jiwasar
E.
Suma kollampiw jupanacajj jiwasar
M.
pa tunc quimsan ovejanac churistu
350
E.
pa tunc quimsan ovejanac jupanacajj jiwasar churistu.
M.
jumajj nanacar
E.
PH tunc quimsan ovejanac jumajj nanacar churapjjesta.
M.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
pa tunc quimsa ovejanac jumanacajj nanacar churapjjesta.
M.
jiwasajj jupanacar
E.
PI tunc quimsan ovejanac jiwasajj jupanacar churtan.
M.
Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj nayajj jumar chursma.
E.
Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj nayajj jumar chursma.
M.
jupajj nayar
E.
Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj jupajj nayar churitu.
M.
jumajj Lucasar
E.
Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj jumajj Lucasar churtajja.
M.
Lucasajj jumar
E.
Quimsa tunc pheskan chawllanac masUrojj Lucasajj jumar churtam.
M.
p& tunc quimsakallkon t'ant'anac mayt'tam
E.
PL tune quimsakallkon eant'anac Lucasajj jumar mayt'tam.
M.
nayrUrojj
E.
PU tunc quimsakallkon t'ant'anac nayrUrojj Lucasajj jumar mayt'tam.
M.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
Pd tunc quimsakallkon t'ant'anac tayrUrojj jumanacajj nanacar
mayeapjjesta.
M.
jupanacajj nanacar
E.
PH tunc quimsakallkon t'ant'anac nayearojj jupanacajj nanacar
mayeapjjetu.
quimsa arrob ch'ok maymgrajj apakapjjetu
E.
Quimsa arrob ch'ok maymUrajj jupanacajj nanacar apakapjjetu.
Joseamp Hariampejj nayar
E.
Quimsa arrob ch'ok maymgrajj Joseamp Mariampejj nayar apaketu.
M.
nayajj jumanacar
E.
Quimsa arrob ch'ok maymUrajj nayajj jumanacar apakapjjsma.
M.
E.
Quimsa arrob ch'ok maymUrajj jupanacajj jumanacar apakapjjtam.
M.
tunca quimsa libra arroz nayrUrojj
351
E.
Tunca auimsan libra arroz nayrUrojj jupanacajj-jumanacar apakapjjtam.
N.
nayajj jupar wajjt'ta
E.
Tunca quimsan libra arroz nayrUrojj nayajj jupar wajjeta.
M.
Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac pasir phajjsejj jupajj jiwasar catuyistu.
E.
Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac pasir phajjsejj jupajj jiwasar catuyistu.
N.
qhuri maymarajj
E.
Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac qhuri maymarajj jupajj jiwasar
catuyistu.
N.
jumanacajj jupar
E.
Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac qhuri maymarajj jumanacajj jupar
catuyapjjtajja.
M.
Pedrojj nayar
E.
Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac qhuri maymarajj Pedrojj nayar catuyitu.
M.
nayajj jupanacar aljta
E.
Tunca pakallkon chhiwchhinac qhuri maymarajj nayajj jupanacar aljta.
M.
pa tune sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj
E.
pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj nayajj jupanacar aljta.
M.
jupanacajj nayar
E.
pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj jupanacajj nayar aljapjjetu.
M.
nayajj jumanacar
E.
Pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj nayajj jumanacar aljapjjsma.
N.
jumajj nayar
E.
pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac nayrUrojj jumajj nayar aljista.
N.
pasir semanajj churista
E.
pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac pasir semanajj churista.
N.
Lucasajj jumar
E.
Pa tunc sojjtan ovejanac pasir semanajj Lucasajj jumar churtam.
M.
pusi jachea kokanac
E.
Pusi jach'a kokanac pasir semanajj Lucasajj jumar churtam.
M.
nanacajj jumanacar
E.
Pusi jach'a kokanac pasir semanajj nanacajj jumanacar churapjjsma.
N.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
Pusi jach'a kokanac pasir semanajj jumanacajj nanacar churapjjesta.
352
LESSON XXXII
Fill in the correct form of the verb churaiia.
Kawkha kawrs nayajj jumar
chursma
Kawkha kawrs nayajj jupar
churta
Kawkha kawrs nayajj"jumanacar
churapjjsma
Kawkha kawrs nayajj jupanacar
churta
Kawkha caballonacs jumajj nayar
churista
Kawkha caballonacs jumajj jupar
churtajja
Kawkha caballonacs jumajj nanacar
churapjjesta
Kawkha caballonacs jumajj jupanacar
churtajja
Kawkha anunacs jupajj nayar
churitu
Kawkha anunacs jupajj jumar
churtam
Kawkha anunacs jupajj jupar
churi
Kawkha anunacs jupajj jiwasar
churistu
Kawkha anunacs jupajj jiwasanacar
churapjj estu
Kawkha anunacs jupajj nanacar
churapjjetu
Kawkha anunacs jupajj jumanacar
churapjjtam
Kawkha anunacs jupajj jupanacar
churapjje
Cuns jiwasajj jupar
churtan
Cuns jiwasajj jupanacar
churapjjtan/ churtan
Cuns jiwasanacajj jupar
churapjjtan
Cuns jiwasanacajj jupanacar
churapjj tan
Cuns nanacajj jumar
churapjjsma
Cuns nanacajj jupar
churapjjta
Cuns nanacajj jumanacar
churapjjsma
Cuns nanacajj jupanacar
churapjjta
Cunapachas jumanacajj nayar
churapjjesta
Cunapachas jumanacajj jupar
churapjjtajja
Cunapachas jumanacajj nanacar
churapjjesta
Cunapachas jumanacajj jupanacar
?
churapjjtajja
353
LESSON XXXII - Completion Drill
churapjjetu
Cunapachas. jupanacajj nayar
9
Cunapachas jupanacaj j jumar
churapjj tam
Cunapachas jupanacajj jupar
churapjje
Cunapachas jupanacajj jiwasar
churistu / churapjjestu
Cunapachas jupanacajj jiwasanacar
churapjjestu
Cunapachas jupanacajj nanacar
churapjjetu
Cunapachas jupanacajj jumanacar
churapjj tam
Cunapachas jupanacajj jupanacar
churapjje
Kawkha t'ant'anacs nayajj jumar
chursma
Kawkha t'ant'anacs jumajj nayar
churista
Kawkha naranjanacs jupajj jiwasar
churistu
Kawkha naranjanacs jiwasajj jupar
churtan
Kawkha kokanacs jiwasanacajj jupanacar
churapjj tan
Kawkha kokanacs nanacajj jumanacar
churapjjsma
Kawkha mesanacs jumanacajj nanacar
churapjjesta
Kawkha mesanacs jupanacajj jumanacar
churapjj tam
Kawkha caballonacs maymffrajj nayajj jumar(ian'Afia)mayt,'sma
Kawkha caballonacs maymgrajj jumajj nayar
mayt'ista
(mayeana)?
Kawkha ovejanacs pasir phajjsejj jupajj jiwasar
mayeistu
(paveldfia)?
Kawkha ovejanacs pasir phajjsejj jiwasajj jupar
(mayeafia)?
mayetan
Kawkha kollks nayrgrojj jiwasanacajj jupar
catuyapjj tan
(catufia).
Kawkha kollks
(catuna)?
rgrojj nanacajj jumanacar
catuyapjjsma
Kawkha wallpanacs masgrmanthejj jumanacajj
nanacar
catuyapjjesta
Kawkha wallpanacs masUrmanthejj jupanacajj
jupanacar (catufia)?
catuyapjje
churana
Cuns nayajj jumar masUrojj
chursma
Cuns jumajj nayar masUrojj
churista
LESSON XXXII - Completion Drill
Cuns jupajj jiwasar wasUrojj
churistu
Cuns jiwasajj jupar wasUrojj
churtan
mraljt'afia
Cuns jiwasanacajj jupanacar nayrUrojj
wajjeapjjtan
Cuns nanacajj jupanacar nayrUrojj
waj j t apjj ta
Cuns jumanacaj j nayar pasir semanaj j
wai j t' apj j es ta
Cuns jupanacajj jupanacar pasir semanjj
apakapjjtam
(anakafia)?
apakana
Pakallk kawr nayajj jumat
apaksma
Pakallk kawr jumajj nayat
apakesta
Pakallk kawr jupajj nayat
apaketu
Pakallk kawr jiwasajj jupat
apaktan
mayeafia
Sojjta liq'i chawllanac jiwasanacajj j upat
mayeasipjjtan
Sojjta liq'i chawllanac nanacajj jumat
mayeasipjjsma
Sojjta
chawllanac jumanacajj nanacat
Sojjta liq'i wallpanac jupanacajj jumanacat
mayeasipjjesta.
.
.
mayeasipjjtam
catuyana
MasUrojj pheska wanc'unac nayajj jupar
catuyta
MasUrojj pheska wanc'unac jumajj jupar
catuytajja
Nayrllrojj quimsakallk chhiwchhinac jupajj
nanacar
catuyapjjetu
NayrUrojj quimsakallk chhiwchhinac jiwasajj
jupar
catuytan
wajjt'aria
Pusi tunc warank kollk nayajj jumar
wajjesma
Pusi tunc warank kollk jupajj jumar
wajjetam
Pusi tunc warank kollk nanacajj jumar
wajjeapjjsma
Pusi tunc warank kollk jupanarajj nanacar
wajjeapjjetu
LESSON XXXII
Questions and Answers - Jisct ananacampi iyaw sanatacampi
M.
Jupanacajj nayar churapjjestati?
E.
Jisa, nanacajj jumar.churapjjsmawa.
M.
Kawkha t'ant'anacs nayajj jumar chursma?
E.
Jumajj pheska t'ant'anac nayar churista.
Kawkha caballonacs mayamgrajj jumajj nayar mayt'ista?
E.
Nayajj pU caballonac jumar mayt'sma.
M.
Cuns nayajj maslirojj chursma?
E.
Jumajj tunca naranjanac churista.
M.
Pusi tuna warank kollkti jumajj nayar wajjeista?
E.
Jisa, pusi tunc warank kollk nayajj jumar wajjt'sma.
M.
Quimsa jamach'inacti jupajj jiwasar churistu?
E.
Jisa, quimsa jamachinac jupajj jiwasar churistu.
FL
Pakallk kawrti nayajj jumat apaksma?
E.
Jisa, pakallk kawranac jumajj nayat apakesta.
M.
Kawkha kokanacs jupajj jiwasar churistu?
E.
Llatunc kokanac jupajj jiwasar churistu.
M.
Kawkha t'ant'anacs jumajj nayar churista?
E.
Pusi tunc warank t'ant'anac nayajj jumar chursmaA.
M.
Kawkha mesanacs jumanacajj nanacar churapjjesta?
E.
Quimsa mesanac nanacajj jumanacar churapjjsma.
FL
Kawkha kawrs jumajj nayar churista?
E.
Tunca kawr nayajj jumar chursma.
FL
Kawkha kawrs jupajj nayar churitu?
E.
Tunca kawr jupajj jumar churtam.
M.
Kawkha caballonacs jupanacajj nayar churapjjetu?
E.
Quimsa tunc caballonac jupanacajj jumar churapjjtam.
M.
Cunapachas jupanacajj jumanacar churapjjtam?
E.
Pasir maraw jupanacajj nanacar churapjjetu.
M.
Cunapachas jiwasajj jupanacar churtan?
E.
Nayrtiruw jiwasajj jupanacar churtan.
M.
Cunataquis jupajj nayar churitu?
356
LESSON XXXII - Questions and Answers
E.
Yap lurafiataquiw jupajj jumar churtam.
M.
Cunataquis jumajj jupar churtajja?
E.
Kot sarafiapataquiw nayajj jupar churta.
M.
Kawkha qhuchinacs nayajj jumar chursma?
E.
Sojjta qhuchinac churista.
M.
Tata Jose, jumajj pa asn churistati?
E.
nsa, chursmawa.
M.
Tata Carlos, jumajj tunca sojjtan wallpanac Pedror churtati?
E.
J7sa, jupar churtwa.
M.
Tata Pedro, cues jiwasanacajj jupanacar churapjj tan?
E.
Quimsa caballonac churapjjtan.
M.
Tata Enrique, cunapachas jupanacajj nayar sank' churapjjetu?
E.
Jichhaw churapjj tam.
M.
Kawkha jisc'a wanc'unacs jupajj nayar churitu?
E.
Llatunc wanc'unac churtam.
M.
Kawkha iquinanac nayrlirojj nanacajj jumanacar catuyapjjsma?
E.
P4 tunc iqun catuyapjjesta.
M.
Cuns jumamp jupampejj pas it phajjsejj nayar wajjt'apjjesta?
E.
T'ant'amp quesomp wajjt'apjjsma.,
M.
Cuns maymarajj jupanacajj nayar apakapjjetu?
E.
Camisamp sombreromp apakapjj tam.
Cunapachas Pedromp Lucasampejj jumanacar nuwapjjtam?
E.
Pasir maraw nuwapjjetu.
M.
Cuns jumajj jupanacar churtajja?
E.
Monk' churta.
Dialogue - Cuento
MANUELOJJ ANATAN THOKONATAQUIW WAQUICHASI'
Manuel:
Tatay, nayajj anatatac ma suma tern ch'ucuyasifi munta,
2
kollkey mayeita.
Awqui:
Janiw nayajj mayequirismati, janiw kollkejj utjquituti.
Kollkejj janiw utjquiti, cullacamataquiw machak pollee
inas mamaman utjchi. Pasir phaijsiquiraquis vaca aljat kola
chursmajja, janit kollk imascta?3
357
LESSON XXXII - Dialogue
Cunapachcamarac kollk mayeasin munatasti? Niy jumajj
waynajjtawad cuns trabajanamawa. Thokoli munstajja, yakhat
mayt'asim, janiw nayajj churquirismati.
4
Manuel :
PH patac warank kollHayt'aquitay tatay, jan uqhamamti.
kequiw utjitul patac warankampic munta, isinacajj wall
carlichejjaya.
Cunataquirac thokoti muntasti? janit uca kollkempejj cuns
alasismajja? Janiw churquirismati, sapa cutiquit kolik
Awqui:
churascame6
Manuel:
Tatay, fiest pascan ucspachaw adobenac lurg, ucat uca
aljatampiw cosasanac alasY, jumarusti churjjaraquima.7
Awqui:
Uqhamach ucajja, mayt'amasay
Acajj patac warankawa.
(Manuelojj c'uchiquiw tatapan kollkepjj bolsillopar uchasi
8
(Manuelojj Margaritarapiw jiquisi)
Manuel:
Margarita, wall liaquitatwa.
Margarita:
Cunata?
Manuel:
Tatajjaw jan munquit nayan thokonajja, janiraquiw kollk
cunats llaquistajja?
mayean munquitanti.9
Margarita:
Jan llaquisimti, walicjjay awquejj t okescstamjja, jumanjj
jakafiamawa.1°
Manuel:
Ucapi, yakhep horasajj wali jayaruw sarj jail munta.
Margarita:
Manuel, jan uqham parlamti,11 ucajj janiw waliquiti.
Jtaajj
antisas tatainar yap luran yanapanamawa.
Manuel:
Fiest paean ucspachaw jayar sarjja, janiraquiw ni,mayamps
aca estanciar jutcati, wali llaquitat Margarita.14
Margarita:
Jan ucanac parlamti, antisas sum waquichasiscam fiestataqui.
Fiest paean ucspachaw antisas Chuquiag sarata kolik jicjjata-;
iiataqui, ucanjj cuna trabajos utjapiniwa.
Manuel:
Waliquiw Margarita, uqhamajj nayajj fiestatac antisas sum
waquichasM, ucatsti nayaw trabaja juc'amp kollk jicjjataiiataqui.
Jichhajj ma suma tern alas!', machak camisa, machak zapato
yakhanacampi.13
NOTES
1
anata 'carnival'
waguichasifia 'to prepare oneself, get ready'
2
terno (tirnm) 'suit'
ch'ucuvasifia
cf.
Spanish terno.
'to have sewn for oneself'
358
LESSON XXXII - Dialogue - Notes
3
awqui 'father':
more formal than tats
imasifia 'to keep, have left'
4 lam9hgmgmti 'don't be like that'
5
carlichejjaya 'most likely expensive'
The compound suffix - Vchejja- (from dubitative -chi- + -iie-)
expresses likelihood.
6
Caro (caru) 'expensive'; cf. Spanish caro.
cuti 'time (occasion).'
churascgma 'I am giving you':
the meaning of the infix -cg- is not
clear (perhaps a form of -gui- 'only'?)
7
cosasanac 'things.'
Cf. Spanish cosa.
The suffix -sa is a marker
for countable objects (Cf. also horasa, lesson 11, p. 111).
8
c'uchiqui 'happily.'
The adverb is formed by adding -gui
to the
adjective c'uchi 'happy.'
bolsillo (allsillo) 'pocket'
uchasiha 'to put (into his)' (from uchaha)
9
Tataijaw jan munquit nayansititl
father doesn't want me to
dance' (lit. 'doesn't want my dancing')
N.B.
The relative clause in English introduced by that is expressed
in Aymara by a nominal clause with the possessive suffix -na.
10
tokena 'to quarrel'
sgtpajja
11
'he spoke'
ian parlaniti 'don't speak.'
Negative imperative requires the addition
of -m- to the infinitive stem plus the negative -ti.
12 nitis 'no more, never
again'
(lit. 'not with once')
may be used with numerals in the meaning of 'with' ni.
13
zapato (sapatu) 'shoes' (Cf. Spanish zapato).
LESSON XXXIII
Quimsa tung_14imsanir leccionx.
ari
filo, afilado
edge (of a knife)
sharp
armafia
olvidar
to forget
cuchillo (cuchillu)
cuchillo
knife
chuym usuyana
chuyma
resentir
to resent
heart
to make sick
usuyana
chuymjada (ru)
consolar
to console
imantaha
ocultar
to hide
mayt'ana (ru)
prestar
to lend
ni
ningrin
no
yatiyana
comunicar
to make known,
communicate
Grammar - Splaparlafiatagpi
I.
Pronominal objects with negative punctual verbs.
Identical to the positive
punctual forms, with the addition of the discontinuous negative infix:
verb stem + (plural infix) + negative -c- + pronominal object+ negative
chursma
e.g.
'I gave (it).to you'
ianiw churcsmati 'I didn't give (it) to you.'
II.
direct
the indirect pronominal object generally precedes the
object and janiw may precede the subject (cf. order in positive sentences,
Word order:
grammar, lesson XXXII).
e.g.
MasUro'' 'aniw na a'i 'umar kola ma Ocsmati
mart'
.
cunalaNcute tatqiin
'Yesterday -I didn't lend you money, because I had
to lend my father (money).'
III.
ni 'no':
may precede ma iuc'a 'a little'
countable nouns and
The suffix -sa (as in mank's) may be attached to
requires the elision of the final vowel of the root of native words
(cf. also p. 111 above on horasa.)
e.g.
pasUroiLimiyagaria" 'umar ni
and
c'a mank's wai ectanti.
'Yesterday Maria didn't present you with a little food.'
360
LESSON XXXIII - Grammar
IV.
Negative
e.g.
in
is followed by a positive verb.
Layrirodi "aniw
nayar yatiyguistati, cunats 'an Yatiaist
'The other day you didn't notify me why not?' (lit.
'You nozified
me, why not?')
Jan kollkenitwa 'I don't have money' (lit. 'Without I have money.')
Substitution Drill - Wasa anunac uscuna
M.
Sojjta kawr janiw nayajj jumar churcsmati.
E.
Sojjta kawr janiw nayajj jumar churcsmati.
M.
jumajj nayar
E.
Sojjta kawr janiw jumajj nayar churquistati.
M.
pakallk wallpanac
E.
Pakallk wallpanac janiw jumajj nayar churquistati.
14.
jupajj jiwasar
E.
Pakallk wallpanac janiw jupajj jiwasar churquistuti
M.
jupajj jumar
E.
Pakallk wallpanac janiw jupajj jumar churctamti.
M.
quimsakallk asnonac
E.
Quimsakallk asnonac janiw jupajj jumar churctamti.
M.
nayajj jumanacar aljapcsmati
E.
Quimsakallk asnonac janiw nayajj jumanacar aljapcsmati.
M.
jumajj nanacar
E.
Quimsakallk asnonac janiw jumajj nanacar aljapquistati.
M.
pheska caballonac
E.
Pheska caballonac janiw jumajj nanacar aljapquistati.
jupajj nanacar
E.
Pheska caballonac janiw jupajj nanacar aijapquituti.
M.
jupajj jiwasar
E.
Pheska caballonac janiw jupajj jiwasar aljquistuti.
M.
quimsa anunac
E.
Quimsa anunac janiw jupajj jiwasar aljquistuti.
M.
apakquistuti
361
LESSON XXXII' - Substitution Drill
E.
Quimsa anunac janiw jupajj jiwasar apakquistuti.
N.
nayajj jumar
E.
Quimsa anunac janiw nayajj jumar apakcsmati.
N.
Llatunc chawllanac janiw jupajj jiwasar. wajjt'apluistuti.
E.
Llatunc chawllanac janiw jupajj jiwasar wajjt'apquistuti.
jupajj jumanacar
E.
Llatunc chawllanac janiw jupajj jumanacar:wajjeapctamti.
M.
nanacajj jumanacar
E.
Llatunc chawllanac janiw nanacajj jumanacar wajeapcsmati.
M.
quimsa
ovejanac catuyapcsmati
E.
Quimsa
ovejanac janiw nanacajj jumanacar catuyapcsmati.
T.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
Quimsa
ovejanac janiw jumanacajj nanacar catuyapquistati.
jupanacajj nanacar
E.
Quimsa liq'i ovejanac janiw jupanacajj.nanacar catuyamllituti.
M.
jupanacajj jiwasar churapquistuti
E.
Quimsa liq'i ovejanac janiw jupanacajj jiwasar chu apquistuti.
jumajj nanacar
E.
Quimsa
M.
ma machak .aut
E.
Ma machak aut janiw jumajj nanacar churapquistati.
14.
nayajj jumar
E.
Ma machak aut janiw nayajj jumar churcsmati.
N.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
ma machak aut janiw jumanacajj nanacar. churapquistati.
M.
mayt'apquistati
E.
ma machak aut janiw jumanacajj nanacar mayeapquistati.
M.
jupajj jiwasanacar
E.
Ma machak aut janiw jupajj jiwasanacar mayeapquistuti.
N.
scjjta ari cuchill
E.
Sojjta ari cuchill janiw jupajj jiwasaoacar mayeapquistuti.
M.
Haslirojj janiw nayajj jumar quimsa tunc pheskan c' awn aljcsmati.
E.
MasUrojj janiw nayajj jumar quimsa tunc pheskan c'awn alcsmati.
ovejanac janiw jumajj nanacar churapquistati.
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UoiniAem mTurg pproeued4 ark= .T4n1TnbdrATTrA
*N.
ccrtunC
'a
ccoanaArN mTueg
N
persumTp arouurdnp
.a
PcoaniArm mTurg ccesemTp aroeurd4 pur4pAT4rA
arAru
Hemp
arAuu T4r4sTnbAT4rA
cceTzell arAvu
.a
CCoallaArN mTurc preTarm arAru .T41.11TnbAT4rA
rpErm
op No pnaTnbantp
ziostio
.a
ccoiniArm mTurg cceTarli arkeu rpTem
'N
iTsed greurmas pporuru arpruemnf
z.
ITsrd cpaurmes mTurr ffraeuru aroeurmq rpErm vitip .Tlemsodrantip
uoTlaidmoo
Mat'
.T4n4Tnbantio
- oeunay ruripeqoqd
egranto
ppeAril mTurc
--armq
NekeN aTurc
arcing
pumsoanuo
Tvantio
rpeArm mTurc aroruumnp
prmsodrantio
peReft mTurf arovuednp
Tvantio
Ccemnr mTusg arAeu
pelsTnbantio
prrtunr tiTuer
peqoaluto
ardnr
Premnr mTurc 290BUVU
Ppranr
La-turf
so1111%mwo
arprurdric
mTurc
armq
praoantio
TlnaTnbantio
ppednr aTurC -arAru
pan"'
Tar4sTnbdrintio
apnimmww.ORYIS..
Tweloantip
333
LESSON XXXIII - Completion Drill
Jupajj jauiv jupar
Churquiti
Jupajj janiw jiwasar
churquistuti
Jupajj janiw jiwasanacar
churapquistuti
Jupajj janiw nanacar
churapquituti
Jupajj janiw jumanacar
churapctamti
Jupajj janiw jupanacar
churquiti
Jiwasajj janiw jupar
.
churctanti
Jiwasajj janiw jupanacar
churapctanti/churci:alli
Jiwasanacajj janiw jupar
churctanti
Jiwasanacajj janiw jupanacar
churapctanti
Nanacajj janiw jumar
chu,:apcsmati
Nanacajj janiw jupar
churapcti
Nanacajj janiw jumanacar
churepcsmati
Nanacajj janiw. jupanacar
churapcti
Jumanacajj janiw nayar
churapquistati
Jumanacajj janiw jupar
churapctati.
Jumanacajj janiw nanacar
churapquistati
Jumanacajj janiw jupanacar
churapctati
Jupanacajj janiw nayar
churapquituti
Jupanacajj janiw jumar
churapctanti.
Jupanacajj janiw jupar
churapquiti
Jupanacajj janiw jiwasar
churapquistuti/
churquistuti
Jupanacajj janiw jiwasanacar
churapquistuti/
churquistuti
Jupanacajj janiw nanacar
churapquituti.
Jupanacajj janiw jumanacar,
churapctanti.
Jupanacajjjaniw jupanacar
churapquiti
Sojjta kawr nayajj jumar janiw (catuvafia) .
catuycsmati
Sojjta'kawr jumajj nayar janiw (caluyala).
catuyquistati
364
Quimsa kawr jupajj nayar janiw (churafia).
churquituti
Sojjta kawr jiwasajj jupar janiw (catuyaria).
catuyctanti
Quimsa wallp j iwasanacaj j jupar janiw (churafia).
churapctanti
Quimsa wallp nanacajj jumar janiw (churana).
churapcsmati
Pakallk chhiwchh jumanacajj nanacar janiw
(catuyafia)
catuyapquistati
.
Pakallk chhiwchh jupanacajj jumanacar janiw
.
(catuyafia).
catuyapctamti
Ma libra azucar nayajj jupar janiw
mayt'cti
1'1 libra azucar jumajj jupar janiw (mayearia).
mayectati
Pusi arrob ch'ok jupajj jupar janiw (payearia).
mayequiti
MR libra azucar jiwasajj jupar janiw (mayeafia).
mayectanti
Pusi arrob ch'ok jiwasanacajj jupar janiw
(churana).
churapctanti
Pusi arrob ch'ok nanacajj jupar janiw (churana).
churapcti
Pusi arrob ch' ok jumanacajj jupar janiw (churafia).
churapctati
Pusi arrob ch'ok jupanacajj jupar janiw (churafia).
churapquiti
.
chuymjana
NayrUrojj janiw nayajj jumar
chuymjcsmati
NayrUrojj janiw jupajj jumar
chuymjctamti
NayrUrojj janiw nanacajj jumar
chuymjapcsmati
NayrUrojj janiw jupanacajj jumar
chuymjapctamti
churafia
MaymBrajj janiw jupajj jiwasar quimsa jamach'inac
churquistuti
Maymarajj janiw jupanacajj jiwasar quimsa
jamach'inac
Nayrayp'ojj janiw jupajj jiwasanacar kollk
churapquistuti
churapquistuti
Nayrayp'ojj janiw jupanacajj jiwasanacar kollk
churapquistuti
mAyeafia
MasUrojj janiw nayajj jumar kollk
cunalaycutej j tatajjar maytlafiajjanwa.
mayecsmati
MasUrojj janiw nayajj jupar kollk
cunalaycutejj jilajjar mayeafiajjkwa.
mayt'cti
MasUrojj janiw nayajj jumanacar kollk
cunalaycutejj Pedror mayeafiajjdnwa.
mayeapcsmati
NayrUrojj janiw nayajj jupanacar kollk
cunalaycutejj cullacajjar mayeaiajjanwa.
,
mayecti
vatiyatla
NayrUrojj janiw jumajj nayar
yatiyista?
,
NayrUrojj janiw jumajj jupar
yatiy ajja?
cunats jan
, cunats jan
NayrUrojj janiw jurajj nanacar
jan yatiyapjjesta?
cunats
NayrUrojj janiw jumajj jupanacar
jan yatiyta?
, cunats
yatiyquistati
yatiyctati
yatiyapquistati
yatiyctati
chuymjafia, sismIgaujia
MasUrojj janiw jupajj nayar
MasUrojj janiw jupajj jumar
,
,
antisaw
antisaw
chuymjquituti
chuym usuyitu
chuyinjetamti
chuym usuytam
chuymiana, laruna
MasUrojj janiw jupajj jiwasar
,
antisaw
chuymjquistuti
lurusi
chuymjaqpquistuti
larusi
rayrUrojj janiw jupajj jiwasanacar
antisaw
yatiyafia, imantana
Nayrllrojj janiw jupajj nanacar
antisaw
yatiyapquituti
imanti
NayrUrojj janiw jupajj jumanacar
antisaw
yatiyapctamti
imanti
NayrUrojj janiw jupajj jupanacar
antisaw
yetiyapquiti
imanti
Haymarajj janiw j iwasaj j jupar kollk (:navt'ana).
mayt'ctanti
Maymgraj
janiw jiwasajj jupanacar kollk (mayt'ana).
ilaymUraj j janiw jiwasanacajj jupar ovej .(churafia).
..vtaymaraj j
mayt'apctanti
churapctanti
janiw jiwasanacajj jupanacar ovej (churafia).churapctanti
366
mayeatia.
Pasir semanajj nanacajj janiw jumar iquifi
mayt'apcsmati
Pasir semanajj nanacajj janiw jupar iquifi
mayt'apcti
Pasir semanajj nanacajj janiw jumanacar iquifi
mayt'apcsmati
Pasir semanajj nanacajj janiw jupanacar iquin
mayeapcti
Questions and Answers - Jisceananacampi iyaw safianacampi
M.
Jumajj nayar churistati?
E.
Nayajj janiw jumar churcsmati.
Nayajj jumar chursmati?
E.
Jumajj janiw nayar churquistati.
Jupajj nayar churituti?
E.
Jupajj jumar janiw churctamti.
U.
Jiwasajj jupar churtanti?
E.
Jiwasajj jupar janiw churctamti.
M.
Nanacajj jumanacar churapjjsmati?
E.
Janiwa,jumanacajj nanacar janiw churapquistati.
M.
Sojjta kawr jumajj nayar catuyistati?
E.
Sojjta kawr nayajj jumar janiw catuycsmati.
M.
ma libra azucar jumajj jupar mayeati?
E.
Ma libra azucar nayajj jupar janiw mayt'cti.
TI.
Nayrarojj nayar chuymjistati?
E.
Nayrarojj janiw nayajj jumar chuymjcsmati.
Nayarojj janiw jumajj nayar yatiyquistati, cunats jan yatiyista/
E.
Nayrarojj janiw nayajj jumar yatiycsmati, nayajj armagtu.
M.
Maymarajj jiwasajj jupar kollk mayeanti?
E.
Janiwa, maymarajj janiw jupar kollk mayectanti.
Pasir semanajj iquifi mayeapjjestati/
E.
Janiwa, pasir semanajj nanacajj janiw jumar iquifi mayt'apcsmati.
M.
Tata Marcos, cuns jumajj nayar churista?
E.
Janiw cuns churcsmati.
NI.
Tata Enrique, jumajj pheska lamanamp pa phuqhump churistati?
E.
Janiw churquistati.
367
LESSON XXXIII - Questions and Answers
El.
Tata, jiwasajj Carlosar cuns churtan?
E.
Chompanac churtan.
M.
Yokalla, nanacajj jumanacar pelot
E.
Janiw churapquistati.
M.
Mama, jupanacajj jumanacar kollk alasipjjanamatac mayeapjjtamti?
E.
Janiw mayt'apquituti.
M.
Qhitis nanacar chompamp polleramp aljapjjetu?
E.
Janiw qhitis aljapctamti.
anatafiatac
churapjjsmati?
Qhitinacas jumar vac lunthatapjjtam?
E.
Janiw qhitis lunthatapctamti.'
FL
MasUrojj jupaji jumar chuymj tamti?
E.
Janiw chuymiquituti, antisaw laruei.
M.
Masarmanthejj nanacajj jumanacar chuymjapjjsmati?
E.
Janiw chuymjapquistati, antisaw larusipjjtajja.
NE.
Pasir semanajj jupajj nayar iquifi mayeituti?
E.
Janiw mayectamti.
N.
Pasir semanajj jupajj jiwasanacar yatiyistuti?
E.
Janiw yatiyquistuti.
Dialogue - Cuento
TIMOTEOJJ AYMAR CLASENQUIWA
Timoteo:
Nayajj janiw aymar yatekan puedcti, camacharaquYjja....
Maestro:
Jan llaquisimti, aymarajj ch'amawa, ucampis ma urojj parlatawa.
Timoteo:
Secretariojj janiw leccionanac churquituti, janiraquiw
jumarojj churctamti.
Jichharmanthejj jupajj tunca pheskan leccionanac churitu,
ucampis uca leccionanacajj janiw walYquiti, wasitat nayajj
lura
T:
Tata Juan, jumajj janYraw fiestanacat yatichapquistati,
cuarus yatichapjjetata?
Nf:
Janitejj aymar yatekapcatajja, janiw yatichapcamati.
T:
Uqhamajj nanacajj jichhayp'ojj aymar yatekapjja.
Waliquiwa....
I
Uqhamajj jutir semanaw fiestanacat yatichapjjama2
368
LESSON XXXIII - Dialogue
-r
T:
Pablo amigojjajj janiw aymar yatekaii munquiti, cunalaycutejj
juparojj janiw leccionanac churapquiti.
M:
Jupatejj aymar jan yatekcanejja, janiw Boliviar sarcaniti.
T:
Nayaw jupar yanapa, pasir semanajj janiw yanapcti.
M:
jichhajj horasawa, samarafiasawa.
Waliquiw tata Timoteo
Arumanthiw wasitat clasejj utjani, jutatati?
T:
JYsa, jutHwa, amigojjajj jutaraquiniwa.
M:
Waliquiwa, jiquisificama.
NOTES
future tense with pronominal object 'I am not going to
1
teach you.'
2
yijapjjkLatclla:
future tense with pronominal object 'I am going to
teach you.'
TATA JOSEAJJ OVEJ KALLUNAC CHBAKAYI1
2
Jose:
Utani...
Mama:
Tatay...
J:
Mama, anumarac achjitaspa.
Jutascaquim, acsa chekar mantasincaquim tata.
J:
Ay mama, mayay jisceasima.
M:
Cunach tata?
J:
MasUruw jisc'a imillajjajj kollur ovej amp vacamp awatir anaquYna,
ucat jupajj pH disc'a ovej kallunac chhakayatayna, janit awatiri majj ufijcpacha?.5
M:
Ay ucaw tata, tamajjan yakha ovejajj janiw utjquiti, inas
awatirejjajj ufijchi, jupar jisct'I chhH.4
(Hamajj awatiriparuw jiscei)
M:
I4du:
Lulu, janit tata Josean ovej kallunacap ufijcta?
paw ovej kallunac chhakayatayna.
MasUrojj awatiri
Janiw ufijcti, awatiripajj janiw nayamp awatctnti, jupaij tata
Marianon awatiripampiw awatina, inas ucan tamapancchi.
avisita, jan ucajj tiwulach achoke?
M:
Janit yatctasti?
L:
Janiw mama, inas tiwul achokchi, janiw unjcti.
6
(Mamajj tata Josear avisiriw mistuni)
M:
Tata Jose, awatirejjajj janiw ufijcataynati. Awatirimajj tata
Inas tata Marianon tamapancchi.
Marianon awatiripampiw swat --siwa.
"1
LESSON XXXIII - Dialogue
J:
.
CamgcharaouTstis ughlimajj tata Marianon utap sari, sarawayK
mami4
Saraquimay tata, mach uca ovej tamancpacha.
M:
(Tata Joseajj tata Marianon utaparuw puri)
Tata, buenos dias.
J:
Mariano:
Visitt'aniquitay tata, aca chekar samaream
Ay tata, mg llaquiruw purta.
J:
Mariano:
J:
7
tata Jose.
8
Ay ucawa, cuna llaquiraquisti'
Ay tata Mariano, masilruw jisc'a imillajjajj koilur ovej amp vecamp
anaquYna, ucat jupajj pH jisc'a ovej kallunac chhakayatayna, mayni
mamajj juman awatirimampiw imillajjajj awatYn --situwa. Jichh?jj
ucat jutta, janit ovej tamamamp cnicdqui0
Mariano:
.
Janiw tata, khanHapawa, munst ucajj utarasiscaquim, ovej
tamajjajj uyuncasquiwa.10
.
(Joseajj oval tam ufihri)
Mariano:
11
Inas tiwul mank'antchi, janit koll thaker sarctasti?
Janiraw sarcti, acajj janiw ovej taman cuna ovej kallunacaa
utjquiti, caacharaquYsti?
J:
Mariano:
Kollur saram, ucHcan lip'ichejj utjasepachawa.
12
Aqhilmajj tata Mariano, wall llaouitapinYtwa.
J:
Mariano:
Jah llaquisimt tata, inach ufistjjani.
13
(Joseajj Marianon utapatjj, kollu uncatatau earl)
14
Ay aqhHmajja, cawquincaracpach ovej kallunacajjasti?
mank'antpache qhitich iniantpaehen
J:
tiwulat
(Joseajj ma jach'a kala jac'an ovej kallunacapan lip'ichinacapac
ufiji.
Uc ufijasinsti jupajj wal jachi, bcatsti utaparuW uca
lip'ichinac apasinjje. Ovej kallunacapjj tivulaw mank'antatayna. 16
NOTES
1
ovej ka7tu (iwij kallu)
2
utani 'tz
'lamb' (lit.'sheep offspring!).
ter of the house'
The -ni possessive suffix may be
attached to nouns; verb endings may be attached to form a verb
e.g.
.autoni 'owner of the car'
meaning 'to have, own
':
autoniwa 'he owns a car'
autonitwa 'I own a car'
autonicti 'I don't own a car'
370
LESSON XXXIII - Dialogue - Notes
anaquMna:
3
3rd person singular imperfect.
chhakayatayna:
3rd person singular pluperfect.
The pluperfect is
frequently used in recounting stories, but seems to be rare in
also 'refers
colloquial Aymara. Rudimentos suggests that the tense
to facts of which the speaker has been previously in ignorance'
(p. 164).
The forms are as follows:
sarafia
sarapijaatan
saratPtan
saratilta
sarapjjatHta
sarat1ta
saraujiatata
saratayna
sarapjjatayna
The suffixes -wa and -tea may also be attached; in the 1st person
singular and plural, the final vowel is elided when a suffix follows:
saratatwa, sarapiiattitaa, etc.
In the negative, -c- is inserted after
the end; in the
the verb stem (or plural infix) and -ti is attached at
negative, the plural infix takes the form -2s7:
e.g.
nmiLimjajgang15gssi
nanacajj janiw sarapcat4tti, etc.
4
tama
'flock, herd'
jisct'ana [ ru] 'to ask'
chha 'let's see'
5 ssopancchi
6
ciwula 'fox.'
'perhaps it is in the flock.'
(Cf. tiwula 'uncle' in vocabulary, Lesson I).
achokafla 'to bite off (with the mouth)'
7
samart'afia 'to rest'.
The
infix may have the meaning of
momentary activity or politeness.
'a trouble has reached ma)
8 ELllaguirgERurita 'I have troubles' (lit.
9
mayni ' the other'
chica 'together'
10
khana 'clear; light.'
A verb stem may be formed by lengthening the
final vowel.
371
LESSON XXXIII - Dialogue - Notes
unjarasiscaquim 'just have a look around'
-ra-
indicates action takes place in many places or involves
many activities.
-si-
reflexive suffix
-sea-
durative suffix
7.94.1-7
'only'
-m
imperative suffix
11
ufijardia 'to look on all sides, around'.
12
lip'ichi 'leather,, hide, skin'
mliascana
'to be, have.' (durative of utiana)
13
ufistatia 'to appear, turn up'
14
utiatana 'to look at':
15
imana 'to hide'
16
uniasinsti 'seeing'
passive participle
The infix -sine- attached to the infinitive stem (and after the plural
infix)
forms a past active participle.
The action of the particip;
in -sine.- precedes that of the main verb; the subject cf the
part'4.ciple and the main verb is the same.
e.g.
mank'asina sarjjewa 'having eaten, he left.'
The suffixes -wa and EA may be attached to -sine-, with elision
the final vowel (e.g. mank'asinija)
372
LESSON XXXIV
Quimsa tunc pusinir lecciona
arjjatana [ru]
defender
to defend
jabona (jawuna)
jabOn
soap
preguntar
to ask
mayifia
pedir
to request
tijera (tijira(sa))
tijera
scissors
wanu
abono
fertilizer
yanaca
cosas
things
jisct'afia [ru]
I.
Future tense with attached pronominal objects:
the endings are
attached to the verb stem:
'I'
1
you '
to
to
1
you
1
sg.
-Hma
'him'
-a
'you' pl.
-(aPii)-Hma
'them'
-a
'me'
-it1ta
(=1st sing. future)
(=1st sing. future)
sing.
":1e'
to
'him'
-Hta
'us' (pl)
-(apjj4etHta
'them'
-Hta
'me'
-itani
1
-Htam
you'
(= 2nd singular future)
(= 2nd singular future)
'him'
-ani
'us' (dual)
-istani
(= 3rd sing. future)
'us' (dual pl) -(apjj)-estani
'us' (plural)
-(apjj)-estani
'you' (plural) -(apii)-Stami
to
(dual)
'we'
'them'
-(anii) =gai (= 3rd pl. future)
'him'
-an Hni (= 1st dual future)
'them'
-(apjj)*-afianl (= 1st dual (plural) future)
373
LESSON XXXIV - Grammar
to
'him'
(dual plural)
'wee
'we'
to
(plural)
'you' to
-(apii)-anani (= 1st dual pl. future)
'them'
-(aPjj)-aani (= 1st dual pl. future)
'you'
-(an ii)111
'him'
-(22.11) :1
'you' pl.
-(a0.j)-4ma
'them'
-(a1:011)4
ms
(= 1st plural future)
(= 1st plural future)
-(aqij)-eata
(p1)
'they' to
'him'
-(aolj)-hta
'us' (pl.)
-(apjj)-etRta
'them'
-(Aaij)-Pta (= 2nd pl. future)
'me'
-(apij)-etani
(= 2nd pl. future)
'you'
'him'
-(apj:9-eni
'us' (dual)
-(ap:Ii)*-e3tani
(= 3rd pl. future)
'us' (dual pl.)-(api)-estani
'us' (pl.)
-(aotp-etani
'you' (pl.)
-(aPii)-Mtam
'them'
-(epjj)-ani (= 3rd pl. future)
The negative verb forms are identical to the positive forms, plus the
discontinuous negative infix:
e.g.
churcamati, churcati
,
- c...ti.
etc.
The prefixes -iia and -wa may be attached directly to the endings.
II.
Word order:
Subject + full proncmiral object + direct object
A -tac construction ('for, for the purpose of) enjoys a
free distribution.
e.g.
lawnavei'u,ALaj_jnarLrutirsemarnatac73heskaiwinalima.
'Next week I'll sell you five blankets for your brother.'
Jutir maraw utataclimaiijumer calamin churama.
'Next year I'll give you tin
for your house.'
VLE
NOSS31 AIXXX
.14
rCe4e14 aumnp ATTol -umNantio
.a
cruxell
14
ppemnp auAeu
*H
cpumnf arleu laTol 'ennantlo
aumnp
Num'
.umNantp
ppudnp lesumTp
g
prednr arsemTp NIT01 TuelsTango
misrqd Tau ouuniTtiono TuulsTilitem
a
ppedni.
14
ppeoeueu
a
geOEUEN aumnp elsoqd Tau peuormono emEppduslicum
.14
ppouuumnf avoutleu
.a
Ppepeuumni aupeuuu elisaqd Tau outiormono sulpappdellAum
14
In
.g
Ppuzeuumnr aupeueu In selpappduAnluo
4
a
ausumg
u4satid Tau
oeuouTiono Tue3sTslicum
aemq
unlappdualeo
ppuoeuednc aeSuu
ppeaeuednr auAeu In TuelappdvAn4up
cpuovuesumTp leouuednp
'a
ppeouttesumTr aupeuednp ln TuRpuppduAnleo
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378
LESSON XXXIV - Substitution Drill
M.
jumajj jupanacar
E.
Maranjj jumajj jupanacar janiw pheska kawranac catuycttati.
E.
Maranjj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiw pheska kawranac catuyapcanHniti.
M.
pakallk ari cuchillonac aljapcanHniti
E.
Maranjj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiw pakallk ari cuchillonac
aljapcanHniti.
M.
kharUrojj jupajj jumanacar
E.
KharUrojj jupajj jumanacar janiw pakallk ari cuchillonac aljapcHtamti.
churatia
churapjjanHni
KharUruw jiwasanacajj jupanacar pheska warank
kollk
KharUruw nanacajj jumanacar pheska warank
kollk
churapjjka
KharUruw jumanacajj nanacar pheska warank
kollk
churapjjetHta
KharUrum jupanacajj jupanacar pheska warank
kollk
churapjjani
Kharayp'uw nayajj jupar pheska jabon
churl
Kharayp'uw jumajj jupar pheska jabon
churl ta
Kharllruw jupajj nayar tunca pheskan
chawllanac
churitani
Kharayp'uw jiwasajj jupanacar pheska jabon
churarigni
Kharliruw jiwasanacajj jupar tunca pheskan ari
cuchillonac
churapjjaani
KharUrojj janiw nayajj jupar mank'
churcHmati
Kharllroj j
churquitUtati
janiw jumajj nayar mank'
churcaniti
KharUrojj janiw jupajj jupar mank'
Kharliroj j
churapcaaniti
janiw jiwasanacajj jupanacar mank'
KharUrojj janiw nanacajj jumanacar mank'
churapcHmati
KharUrojj janiw jumanacajj nanacar mank' 11.40
churapquitatati
KharUroj j janiw jupanacajj jupanacar mank'
.
churapce'titi
'7^
LESSON XXXIV - Completion Drill
mart' of
Jurpgruw nanacajj jupanacar tunca mayan autonac
mayt'apjjg
os..pmdOM.a
Jurpgruw jumanacajj jupanacar quiraserallk
autonac
mayeapjPta
Jurpgruw jupanacajj nanacar quimsakallk
payt apj jetani
iquifianac
catuyana,
Arumanthejj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiw ovejauac
catuyapcafigniti
marajj nanacajj jumanacar janiw isinac
-atuyapcgmrti
Jutir marajj jumanacajj nanacar janiw ygnac
catuyapguitgtaLi
Jutir marajj jupanacajj jumanacar janiw ygnac
catuyapcgtaml-i.
Jutir semanaw nayajj jumar jilamatac pheska
iquifi
aljgma
Jutir semanaw jumajj nayar jilajjatac pheska
.quip Caliafia).
aljitgta
Arumanthiw jupajj nayar amigojjatac machak
lib:onac (churana).
churitani
Jutir semanaw jiwasajj jupar mamasatac machak
poller jazsyailaL
apayafigni
Arumanthiw jiwasanacajj jupanacar tata Pablotac
machak isinac (211u1A40).
churapjjafigni
Arumanthiw nanacajj jumanacar cullacamatac
walja pankaranac (churafia).
cburapjjgme
Kharayp'uw jumanacajj nanacar acbilajj atac merk'e
isinac lchulafia)..
churapjjetgta
Kharayp'uw jupanacajj jumanacar mama Mariatac
machak polleranac (aliana).
aljapjjgtam
Jutir maraw utatac nayajj jumar calamin (churana).
churMma
Jutir maraw yaputac jumajj nayar mg soma
arad (churana).
churitgta
380
LESSON XXXIV - Completion Drill
mayt'afia
4M
JurpUruw mank' phayafiatac jupajj nayar machak
phuqhunac
mayt'itani
Jutir maraw yap khech'afiatac jiwasajj jupar
.
picomp lampamp
mayeafigni
JurpUruw mank' phayafiatac jiwasanacajj jupanacar
machak phuqhunac
mayeapjjaani
JurpUruw isinac t'ajjsinatac nanacajj jumanacar
tunca jabonanac
mayeapjjgma
JurpUruw isinac eajjsifiatac jumanacajj nanacar
tunca jabonanac
mayt'apjjetgta
KharUruw vacanac qharifiatac jupanacajj jumanacar
jach'a ari cuchillonac
mayt'apjjgtam
Arumanthejj janiw nayajj jumar kollk (mayeafia),
antisas jurpUruw (mayt'afia).
mayecgmati
mayegma
KharUrojj janiw jumajj jupar kollk (churafia),
antisas
churcatati
churgta
Arumanthejj janiw jupajj jumar aut (maysIgna),
:::::y::::w(::::::::::
mayticHtamti
KharUrojj janiw jiwasajj jupar yap (churana),
antisas jurpUruw (churafia).
churcafianiti
churafigni
Arumanthejj janiw jiwasanacajj jupanacar mank'
(wajjeafia), antisas jutir juevesaw (waiifaria).
waj j t apcafigniti
Arumanthejj janiw nanacajj jumanacar mank'
(churana), antisas jurpUruw (churana).
churapcgmati
churapjjgma
JichhUrojj janiw jumanacajj nanacar mank'
(wajjeafia), antisas kharUruw (wajit'afia).
wajjeapquitatati
wajjeapjjedita
JichhUrojj janiw jupanacajj jupanacar mank'
(wajjeafia), antisas jurpUruw (wajjt'afia).
wajjt'apcaniti
Nayajj jichhUrojj janiw jumar chuchill (catuyafia),
cunalaycutejj qhuch (qharifia).
catuycHmati
Jupajj jichhUrojj janiw nayar chuchill (catuyafi2),
cunalaycutejj ovej (qharifia).
catuyquitgtati
qharinamawa
Jupajj jichhUrojj janiw nayar kollk (churana),
cunalaycutejj warmipar kollk (churana).
churquitaniti
Jiwasajj jichhUrojj janiw jupar mank' (churais),
cunalaycutejj wallpanacar mank' (churafia).
churcangniti
mayegtam
wajjeapjjafigni
waj j t' apj j ani
qharifiajjawa
churafiapawa
churafiasawa
KharUrojj janiw jiwasanacajj jupar kollk (churafia), churapcafigniti
alasipjjafiasawa
cunalaycutejj eant'amp azucaramp (alasina).
381
LESSON XXXIV
Questions and Answers - Jisceafianacampi ivaw sanatv2sErai
M.
KharUruw jumajj nayar pheska warank kollk ch.zritgtati?
E.
nsa, khartiruw pheska warank kollk nayajj jumar churgmawa.
M.
Kharlirojj janit jumajj nayar mank' churqutata?
E.
Visa, khargrojj janiw nayajj jumar. mark' churcgmati.
M.
Kharnyp'ojj jumanacajj nanacar achilajjatac merk'e isinac churapjjrtatati?
E.
J2sa, kharayp'ojj nanacajj jumanacar achilamatac merk'e isinac
churapjjgmawa.
M.
Jutir lunesajj jumajj nayar pg jiscla poach catayitgtati?
E.
nsa, jutir lunesajj nayajj jumar pR jisc'a ponch catuygmawa.
E.
Jutir Rhajisejj jumajj nayar kollk mayeitgtati?
Jutir
Janiwa, /phajjsejj nayajj jumar janiw kollk mayt'cgmati.
r.
Jutir marajj jumajj nayar calamin.churitgtati?
E.
JYaa, jutir marajj nayajj jumar calamin ch-arHmawa.
M.
Kharayp'ojj jumajj jupar pheska jabori chvrgtat5?
E.
J!sa, kharayp'ojj nayajj jupar pheska jabon churZwa.
M.
Arumanthejj nayajj jumar janit kollk mayt'egma:
E.
Jisa, arumanthejj jumajj nayar janiw kollk mayequitgtati.
,
. Arumanthejj jiwasajj jupar janit wank' wajjt'afigni?
E.
Janiwa, arumanthejj jiwasajj jupar janiw monk' wajjOcaligniti.
Khartirojj jumajj nayar cuns churltgta?
E.
Mank' churHma.
Jutir lunesajj jiwasanacajj cuns jupanacar churapjjarigni?
E.
Kollk churapjjafigni.
EL
Arumathejj Pedrojj cuns jiwasar churistani?
E.
Pakallk ovej churistani.
NE.
Nayajj kharlirojj cuns jumanacar churapjjgma?
E.
Ch'ok churapjjetgta.
N .
Jupajj khartirojj cuns jumanacar mayipjjHtam?
E.
Caballonac mayipjjetani.
N.
Tata, juman yokamajj cuns Mariar .churani?
E.
MI away churani.
EL
Tata, juman achilamajj wank' aljitaniti?
382
LESSON XXXIV - Questions and Answers
E.
JMsa, aljatamwa.
M.
Tata, warmimajj cuns nanacar churapjjetani?
E.
Janiw cuns churapcHtamti.
M.
Mama, jupanacajj jiwasanacar liq'i vacanac aljapjjestaniti?
E.
Janiw aljapquistaniti.
M.
Jutir semanajj jupanacajj Mariar mamamatac kollk apayapjjHtHti?
E.
Janiw apayapcHti.
M.
JurpUrojj nanacajj jumanacar anatayapjjHmati?
E.
Janiw anatayapquYtatati.
M.
KharUrojj cunanacs jupanacajj jumar mank'ayapjjHtam?
E.
Janiw cuns mank'ayapcHtamti.
Dialogue - Cuento
MX AWQUIMP YOKAMPEJJ CH'OK SATANJJAT PARLAPJJE'
satafiajja.
Awqui:
Felipe, arumanthejj ch'ok satafigni, cuanlaycutejj niy horasaw
Takeniw satapjje.
Yoka:
Tatay, cuna phajjsis ch'ok satatajj walejja?
A.:
Todos Santos phajjsiw sumajja.
wal achuri.2
Y.:
A.:
Uca phajjsin satatajj ch'okejj
Jichhajj waliqu!scanit ch'ok satafiajja? Todos Santotaquejj
semanaw faltasqui, ucampirus vacaw jan utjquit ch'ok satafiataquejja.3
MasUruw nayajj
WaliquTscaniwa. Vacjj Andres tiomat mayeasifiHni.
4 Jiwasajj juparojj
arrob apill churafiHni, ucat
jupamp parltta.
jupajj jiwasarojj inaquiw vac mayt'stani.5
Y.:
Ughlimajj jichhayp'uw apH tatay.
A.:
PH arrob phinat apakawayam, ucat apam.
Y.:
Waliquiw tatay, jichhpachaw uqhHmajj apR.
6
(Yokajj pa arrob apill apt'ataw tiopan utap sari)
7
Y.:
Tio:
Buenas tardes tio, buenas tardes tia, visiceanipjjkaya.
Acajjar mantasincaquim, jach'a k'epinis jutaatajg, cuns
k'epinta?8
Y.:
Ay tio, tatajjaw apayanitu, nanacajj axumantbiw ch'ok satafi
Jichhajj nayajj eca pH
munapjjta, ucampis vacaw jan utjquiti.
arrob ch'ok apanta, vacay mayt'apjjet tio, koli tia mayt'apjjetaya
it
LESSON XXXIV - Dialogue
Tia:
Walic apantajj Felipe, vacajj ingsquiwa. Nanacajj apill munapjjaracta, ucat masUrojj tatamar achicasipEgyata, walicpia
apantajj Felipe.10
Tic:
Jichhpachat vac anaquYtajja?
Y.:
Jisay tio, wank' as uithataw..
Tio:
Janiw karjayapjjgtati, karitajj aca vacanacajj wajjrasiriwa.
Y.:
Janiw tio, mg yapuc satapjji.
11
12
Jutir semcnaraquiw mayeapjjetHt
tio.
Tia:
Jutir semanajj anaouisiscatava, cunalaycutejj vacajj inHscaniwa.
Y.:
Uqhgmajj anaquiwayg tio, anaquiwayg tie, kharayp'uw anaquinjjg tic,
Tio:
Waliqulw, waliquiw Felipe.
Y.:
Iway tic), sarawayjjg.
Tio:
Saraquitray, vacarac wajjrantiriptam.
Tatamarojj --walic apayanitojj
13
NOTES
1
sataia
!to plant (potatces, oca, etc.)!
alhuna 'to bear fruit.; produce'
:
achu 'fruit'
'to be lacking;' cf. Spanish faltar; ucempirus
3
faltafia (p1-.1saLia.)
4
NiyalLalampnafl.tta.'I spoke with her.'
The pronominal object is
Men the full pro71Jmilpl
not necessary with the conjunction
or -ta
object can be combined with -ru/of-is not expressed, the pronominal
object is attached to the verb:
e.g. AJEAmjamarat nar15.sta?
'Why don't, you speak to me in
Aymara: ?' (cf. Grammar, Lesson XXXII) ,
5
inaquiw 'are free.'
A verb stem may be formed by IenEphening the final
vowel and attaching a verbal suffix:
ingscafia 'to be free, unocetpied!
(inasciri 'one who does nothing').
6
phina 'pile of potatoes, oca.'
Verbal suffix -wava-,
inserted before the endings, indicates that the
action is being performed 'in passing.'
7
visittlapiplama 'I have come ti pay you a visit.'
8
k'epi 'bund1W
'with a bundle' (lit. 'possessing a bundle');
k'epifla 'to carry a bundle'
384
LESSON XXXIV - Dialogue - Notes
9
apayanitu 'Ile sent me'
10
achicana [rtl] 'to ask; to solicit'
11
uchatawa (from uchafia 'to put') 'ready' (i.e. 'put out')
12 Imimlaljampiatati.'Don't tire them out.'
kritatiwtwaiimsiEila
'When they are tired, they can gore.'
(lit., 'be gorers').
waiirafia 'to gore;'
13
wajjrasiri 'one who gores'
wajjrantiristam'(the cattle) could gore you.':
potential verb plus pronominal object.
Verbal -nta- indicates
action from outside to inside.
383
LESSON XXXV
VocabuL:-.ry -
z.icEirs.
Rniallea tMRS_PLAItiliLleccinnS
caldo (caldu)
caldo
broth
chawila uallake
sopa de pescado
fish soup
ch'ejje
gris
gray
j0110i.
jap
m ifia
jiwcei
tostado
tostadera
toasted corn, barley
to toast
jug used for toasting
khant'ana [ru]
encarar
to face, to confront
lunthatana
robar
to steal
lunthata
ladrtin
thief
purum orake
tiprra virgen
virgin land, soil
puruma
virgin land
crake
land, terrain
t'awra lip'ichi
cuero de lana
leather with tufts of
wool or fur on it
wac a
faja
sash
waneu kallu
cria de conejo
baby rabbit
Grammar - Sumasaylafiataqui
:.
Imperfect verb with pronominal objects.
The endings are attached
to the verb stem.
to
'you'
-avasma
'him'
-lygtE ( -1st sing. imperfect)
'you' (pl.) -(aPii)-Hvasma
'them'
'you'
you sing.
'he'
to
to
t
me
-ta (= 1st sing. imperfect)
-ista *
(= 2nd sing. imperfect)
'him'
-117Hta
'us' (pl.)
- (apij)-esta *
'them'
-.4yHta
'we'
- itHna
'you'
you
-gyHtam
'him'
- Hna
(= 2nd sing. imperfect)
(= 3rd sing. imperfect)
'us' (dual) -estana
'us (dual pl.) -(apjj1.7-estana
386
LESSON XXXV - Grammar
'us' (pl.)
-(apii)-etHna
'you' (p1.) -(apii)-gatas
'we' (dual)
to
'we' (dual pl.) to
'we' (pl.)
to
'them'
-(apii)-Hna (= 3rd plural imperfect)
'him'
- nOtan
'them'
- (apii)*-Hygtan (= 1st dual (p1.) imp.)
'him'
-(apii)-gyitan (= 1st dual (pl.) imp.)
'them'
-(apji)-Hygtan (= 1st dual (pl.) imp.)
'you'
-(apii)-HyUsma
'him'
-(apii)--Hyata (= 1st pl. imperfect)
(= 1st dual imperfect)
`you' (pl.) -(apii)-HvHsma
'them'
'you' (pl.)
to
-(apji)-Hyata (= 1st pl. imperfect)
'me'
2nd
'him'
-(apj
'us' (pl.
-(apii)-esta*
(= 2nd Pl. imperfect)
'them'
'they'
to
pl. imperfect)
'me'
-(apii)-etana
'you'
you
-(apii)-Hvatam
'him'
-(apii)-Mna
k= 3rd p1. imperfect)
'us' (dual) -(apii)*-eseAna
'us' (dual pl.) -(apii)-estana
'us' (pl.)
-(apij)-e tgna
'you' (pl.) -(aptii)-Mygtam
'them'
-(apij)-Mna
(=3rd pl. imperfect)
*These forms elicited from two informants and described by Rudimentcs,
are identical to the punctual forms (cf. Lesson XXXII).
Ebbing gives other forms:
'you'
to
'me '/ us ' (p1)-itanta/-ituna
Ebbing gives alternate forms for some of the other persons.
Cf. alternate
forms for imperfect tense, Grammar, Lesson 23.
Negative imperfect forms require the addition of the discontinuous
negative infix -c...ti to the positive forms:
churegyasmati, etc.
LESSON XXXV
Grammar
The plural infix in the negative is 727
When the negative -ti (or
.
and -wa) suffix is attached to the following verbs,
the last vovel of
the verb is elided:
to
'him' (churcHygtti)
'he'
to
'me'
'he'
te
'him' (chu-ranti)
(churquitgnti)
and when the subject and/or object of the above forms are plural in
number.
II.
Preferred word order for positive forms:
direct object :4-* subject
+ full pronominal object + verb:
IacachuraetgnPakallkchawll'uata.
e.g.
'They gave me
seven fish.'
Preferred word order for negative forms:
subject + full pronominal
object 1-jAELA.E + direct object + verb:
e.g.
Masfiroi: na a
:umar 'aniw cues churcg gemati.
'Yesterday I didn't give you cheese.'
M.
Nayajj jumar pheska ovej chuaygsma.
E.
Nayajj jumar pheska ovej churgygsma.
IL
jumajj nayar
E.
Jumajj nayar pheska ovej churista.
M.
nayajj jupanacar
E.
Nayajj jupanacar pheska ovej churlyata.
N.
mank' Najjeffylita
E.
Nayajj jupanacar mank' wajjegygta.
nanacajj jumanacar
E.
Nanacajj jumanacar mank' wajjeapjjayasma.
Ii.
jiwasajj jupanacar
E.
Jiwasajj jupanacar mank' wajjegylitan.
jumajj jupanacar
NOSS31 AXXX - uoTanaT4sqnS ITTla
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ccemnr leaeuednp oluem .ecreaNAHlacrem
4
aeueimex eCfeaRAR4naup
3
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la
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14
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aeoeuednr
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aelanC
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-a
cCoanseN CpAeu
aemq
eAseqd peueupbT -emsRARintio
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getanc ieSeu
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.eastantia
CCoinseN rpeunc leiteu plisagd avueuTnbT
14
CCelieu
.a
14
fpoinsem Creiteu avaguednC elseqd aeueutnbT weaRABanga
VET v3H4Ellude
eauna Aueaem
.a
lueaem ol nIT 'elEAPIede
qoansell Cculteu leaeuednp eauna
aeaeued4
ppoiniAeN ppearueu avaeuemnp
-a
ox ITT -emsRAHCCdelude
CpaniAeN 4eaeueu aezeuemq Boma lueaem
.N
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lueiem Imo)! .ueaHARxede
Pp:male/4 FresetITC aeaeuednC Ealing
4
pfemnf avaeued4
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Auelem
cpanklem Ppemnf leaeuednp eauna
eaccos
:Imam
411 .uCP3011740"
aeuedmotia
-a
Negaem peuedmotio -ecceagfiludy
ppinakeN gewng leaeuednp earcos
N
cceinwitem
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ppeaRmAeg gepeuesemTc aecinc eaccos
Creaeuesemq iednc
Amp=
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G3E
aopn4T1sqnS TTTIU
mossai AXXX
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pezmued4 arseatc vlppos
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cceivaSeN CcuolluednC ausrmiTc
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.
ppoiniLum cp.Avu nIupg.irm4 ecrewsWinapre
qoanalieR geAeu autanc LATurc envutsilApCie
pp-tan;
lummc
ccoanakem ppemnp
xemng
mpreC pelEARopTe
ppoPPylv3 xvoruavp
.a
Proinaken fpurpezel arovualec tiTuvf ..puRoCre
614
mTuec puflonemy
.1
ppoiwani fpecpam
Cpuntaem
xe3r.1191.4
!quer
.T...xf.pAumT
PCydnr. aulivu
pp/Hu:Aril ccednp ieSzu mTuef Trap4TnblremT
PPOOVUEU
pailram
immuemq
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ppeoullemic .mauttuu
Crwmmice:H cceopumunc avortreu tt4i.mc plelsTn5dwiremT
aptec pul§Tnbdesluetin
cpaRwARN pporuemnc aoutreu mTutf
aped
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prescceqd cCrleu aeOutyminc
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Cpcsymtf au3EUed4
iTsed Cresqeqd cresmair auovuednr ATIlup .FluelNicnoilue44
rCicuu iednf
itsua
CcasCNO
CCulieu iscinc
muer
.T32HAN343umil
mpler 7:410Roolcum
390
LESSON XXXV - Substitution Drill
E.
Pasir phajjsejj nayajj jupar janiw mayeayHtti.
M.
walUrojj
E.
Wallirojj nayajj jupar janiw mayt'ayHtti.
M.
nanacajj jupar
E.
Wallirojj nanacajj jupar janiw mayeapayHtti.
U.
Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw nayajj jumar churaygsmati.
E.
Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw nayajj jumar churcHylismati.
M.
nayajj jilajjar
E.
Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw nayajj jilajjar churcHyHtti.
jumajj nayar
E.
Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw jumajj nayar churquistati.
M.
lunthatquistati
E.
Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw jumajj nayar lunthatquistati.
M.
jupanacajj nayar
E.
Suma wac'anac masayp'ojj janiw jupanacajj nayar lunthatapquidinti.
purum orak nayrUrojj apakapquitHnti
E.
Purum orak nayrllrojj janiw jupanacajj nayar apakapquianti.
M.
Joseajj nanacar
E.
Purum orak nayrUrojj janiw Joseajj nanacar apakapquitHnti.
M.
jumanacajj nayar
E.
Purum orak nayrllrojj janiw jumanacajj nayar apakapaquistati.
r.
nayajj jumanacar
E.
Purum oral: nayrllrojj janiw nayajj jumanacar apakapaygsmati.
M.
catuyapaygsmati
E.
Purum orak nayrlirojj janiw nayajj jumanacar catuyapcgOsmati.
M.
cullacajjan wawap wasgrmanthejj
E.
Cullacajjan wawap wasgrmanthejj janiw nayajj jumanacar catuyapcHygsmati.
M.
jiwasajj jakenacar
E.
Cullacasan wawap wasHrmanthejj janiw jiwasajj jakenacar catuycHydtanti.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
Cullacaman wawapwasHrmanthejjjaniw jumanacajj nanacar catuyapquistat!.
nayajj jupar
T6C
uo-F4n3T3sqnS ITTaa
mossal AXXX
g
4
urpporuna dema gaglurmaNsua nTurp ppeAm ardnr
.g
CCM/x/1(8N
T4411AnoAnlro
pposdAraArg ppitru aumnp appsgo qouod eumsfiltaango
qouod .rmonitilango
ffelteu amunc accalgo
ffrdnp arAeu
arAm
accalgo qouod .rupTango
-a
rfolditualeN ppednp
N
MtueC
-a
pcoldAraAem Crydnp aria= mTurc olcalqp gouod .TzungTnbango
aroeurdnr.Cpeorum
pcolditraAril
cryorum aromed4 mTurc go efra gouod .T43BARodyanga
cCoana4ru freAm ardnp
.a
pcoanaken ffeAru ardnp miTurp appalgo qouod .T43gRoango
14
mtuol rimec T33E4A0,3ccem
ppoanaken: ppekeu ardnp
apep
oAuol.
..T4134113ppym,idmec
14
r4RXHoppe&
g
CcoaDaArm CprAm ardnp oluo4 admec r4LAelqpfra
ccroyurdnp
aromm
aromeu aqua; dulep .euipappdroppym
-a
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R
rpromm
g
proanakeN prepeueu arpeurdnp
arpruudnr
ovo3
idurec
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cpragmitym mTurp
g
pprap4r14 preorueu aeoeuedni tiTurC idmep.oluo2
T430pdroccum
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.g
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ppromuu aroeurdnr mTuuc wrimmla lurram 133010"ftv
frump armo2Tme
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11.4 cAT
nimulta Netteki T3e3HAR3cTe
Cpeorum arprurmq
ppeapArg Fporueu aromemnr m4114
eTTArtia
4
Tangb
a
Tango Pcuarm ppydnp aa4yu mTurp go viTme
Heim
uoT3aTdmop TITIQ
'PrulsOfloderie
ffednr avAru
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1757.7iiiTigbuunav
larsui alp loaaaoo mac); go
qoanaSyg
VIVA
-7iffIEETTS
Pceitru :lump misagd pruTilmTP
qoanaArm Pi:Wm =Inc rnsaqd peuTibm-Fc
aM.'
musEARango
unARango
392
LESSON XXXV - Completion Drill
Nayrlirojj nayajj jumanacar pheska jiwq'inac
.
churapjjgygsma
Nayrlirojj nayajj jupanacar pheska jiwq'inac
.
churHyHta
Sojjta wanc'u kallmaymgrajj jumajj nayar
churista
Sojjta wanc'u kall maymUrajjjumajj jupar
churgyHta
Sojjta wanc'u kall maymHrajj jumajj nanacar
churapjjesta
_.
Sojjta wanc' u kall maymgrajj jumajj jupanacar
churgygta
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj nayar
churit1na
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jumar
churHyHtam
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jupar
chuana
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jiwasar
churistHna
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jiwasanacal___. churapjjestka
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jupanacar
churapjjgna
Pusi jach'a trawra lip'ich jupajj nanacar
churapjjetHna
Pusi jach'a t'awra lip'ich jupajj jumanacar
.
churapjOygtam
PH liq'i caball jiwasajj jupar
churUyUtan
PH liq'i caball jiwasajj jupanacar
churapjOyatan
PH t'ugha cdball jiwasanacajj jupar
churapjjaygtan
PH eugha caball jiwasanacajj jupanacar
churapjjgOtan
Pheska wallp nanacajj jumar
churapjjHyHsma
Pheska wallp nanacajj jupar
churapjOygta
Pheska wallp nanacajj jumanacar
antrapjOyasma
Pheska wallp nanacajj jupanacar
churapjOyHta
Sojjta wanc'unac jumanacajj nayar
churapjjesta
Sojjta wanc'unac jumanacajj jupar
churapjjHygta
Sojjta wanc'unac jumanacajj nanacar
churapjjesta
Sojjta wanc'unac jumanacajj jupanacar
churapjjgygta
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj nayar
churapjjetHna
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jumar
churapjjgygtam
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jupar
churapjjUna
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jiwasar
churistgna
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jiwasanacar
churapjjastgna
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj nanacar
churapjjetgna
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jumanacar
1
-.
churapjjaygtam
Pakallk chawll jupanacajj jupanacar
churapjjana
MasUrojj nayajj jumar janiw ques
churcayMstnati
MasUrojj nayajj jupar janiw ques
churcayatti
MasUrojj nayajj jumanacar janiw ques
churapcgygmasti
MasUrojj nayajj jupanacar janiw ques
churcgyatti
NayrUrojj jumajj nayar janiw habas
churquistati
NayrUrojj jumajj jupar janiw habas
churcayEtati
NayrUrojj jumajj nanacar janiw babas
churapquistati
NayrUrojj jumajj jupanacar janiw: habas
churapciy1tati
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj nayar janiw tonk
churquit&nti
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj jumar janiu tonk
churcayEtamti
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj jupar janiw tonk
churcgnti
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj j iwasar janiw tonk
churquistanti
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj jiwasanacar janiw tonk
.
churapquisanti
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj nanacar janiw tonk
churapquitanti
Nayrayplojj jupajj jumanacar janiw tonk
churapaygtamti
Nayrayp'ojj jupajj jupanacar janiw tonk
churapcanti
Insert the correct forms cf mayeana
Nayrarmanthejj jiwasajj jupar janiw ari cuchill
mayecayatanti
1111M
Nayrgrmanthejj jiwasajj jupanacar janiw cuchill
..01.1
mayeapcayatanti/mayecgygtanti
Nayrgrmanthejj jiwasanacajj jupar janiw cuchill
mayecayatanti
Nayrarmanthejj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiw
cuchill
mayt'apc!yMtanti
394
Insert the correct forms of churafta.
IfasHrmanthejj nanacajj jumar janiw t'ant'
churapcgOsmati
.
churapcHyHtti
Nasdrmanthejj nanacajj jupar janiw t'ant'
Masgrmanthejj nanacajj jumanacar janiw t'ant'
.
churapayHsmati
Maarmanthejj nanacajj jupanacar janiw t'ant'
.
churapcHyHtti
Maymdrajj jumanacajj nayar janiw ch'un
churapquistati
MaymRrajj jumanacajj jupar janiw ch'un
churapcHygtati
Mayulrajj jumanacajj nanacar janiw
churapquistati
Maymgrajj jumanacajj jupanacar janiw ch'ufi
churapcHygtati
Insert the correct form of wajjt'afia
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj nayar janiw mank'
.
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jumar janiw mank'
wajjeapquitHnti
wajjeapaygtamti
.
wajjeapcEnti
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jupar janiw mank'
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jiwasar janiw mank' 111.11 . wajjeapquistHnti/
wajjt'quistEnti
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jiwasanacar janiw mank'
wajjt'apquistHnti
wajjeapquitHnti
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj nanacar janiw mank'
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jumanacar janiw mank'
.
.wajjeapcHnti
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jupanacar janiw mank'
mayeafia
Nayrtirojj nayajj jumar janiw kollk
cunalaycutejj tatajjar mayt'anajjHnwa.
Nayrtirojj jumajj nayar janiw kollk
cunalaycutejj tatamar mcyt'anamanwa.
wajjeapaygtamti
9
mayecHOsmati
9
mayt'quistati
Nayelrojj jiwasajj jupar janiw kollk
cunalaycutejj jilasar mayeahasUnwa.
mayec4yHtanti
Pasir fiestanjj jupajj nayar janiw kollk
cunalaycutejj jilapar mayt'anapHnwa.
mayequitanti
Pasir fiestanjj jiwasanacajj jupanacar janiw
machak isinac (catuyana), cunalaycutejj janiw
isinacajj utjcgnti.
catuyapcgyHtanti
Pasir fiestanjj nanacajj jumanacar janiw machak
isinac (calmio), cunalaycutejj janiw isinacajj
utjcHnti.
catuyapcgyllsmati
C6C
uoTlaIdtop TiTaa
NOSSal AXXX
aped
pfuu4saTj ffeoruemnf lednf nTusf muoa
$(.Tirec517.7/s) ffeznpAuTeuno mTuec ffo)iuo4 .Tauppn
aTsed cpeuemas ffeoruudnr ae/ieu mpref
'(up fferlokeTuano tATuef Croliuo2 Taupfln
7E
us-qi)
suopsanb pug
aAT4Tsod
L'
.
CCrm
.
s
Tae4RSHode
TwfilTnbduilffem
Tamuorue4soDsTf MEAL TcauDvueues
S1
voeuryiago
cfoanaAeg fpriCru armnf elsaqd zuuTil[InTf alums3ARantio
.2
gusxr ffoanalcuu crumnr arAuu elsaqd peuTsomg .u4sTantia
.14
raffos
g
nourm
-gallmA2111 c ffewn aukeu fle4sTantio
4usu rlfros nouem TTel qvaRuaem r arm cpukeu .emenkanqp
'II
Rd TALIT ITuq=10 rcvsviiTc 1136nr ;Yltre3RARango
'Bsicr
Rd
Tsbn Ma:RD cceTaaTC audnz
elsau auueuTTem rfupeueu aednc
-a
.uvaRACHantio
ijaa.4EARrfdranqo
6.esu ulseqd oeuudnem PODEUVU aedng maRAEgfdeanvia
ffoansew ffednf aumnp sanb zramenAllanclo
a
6usisr fCoanseta
14
cfoanaAsn ffumnc aeAru
3
6uscr CCoanalieu cfriteu aemnf
fednf avAuu sanb ..eupTanqa
4T1e3sTantio
suctria
sucleti
emsRARantio
proidAeakeN fcudnc audnC luol
11
ffosdAulAuu frudnf audng luol euNanqo
4'2.1v/cell creopuemnp aeaeueu urip cppasercdvantio
.a
6usxr cpravArm ffuovueu auDeuumnc Imago sulasHANfrduantia
.a
6uslir
rroanakaN cfrtanc avAeu savueuno LufFelsTanup
*3
caw
ouuTsbmTf .uusHARantio
ffoanalcen cfaieu aumnf utplmetix qoaau
a
6usIr Tsnd qoaae ycolgo u3sTanqo
vT
rpexpani
3
4usu
cpedric
zufpriuslikflantp
ausenTf r4ffos uTnbT muNasTango
umuillsTantio
cfeaumkell ffusymTr audnf umAn opium
olmenAHantio
*a
6usiir
14
fcupeuumnr aTsud cPeavm aeoeuudnf ganes1 LT4e4HAEccduftu
3
6usisf
umuunitHantp
.um4HANfrdufie
396
LESSON XXXV - Questions and Answers
M.
Nayrgrojj nayajj janit jumar pheska jiweinac churcgygsma?
E.
Janiwa, nayrgrojj jumajj janiw nayar pheska jiwq'inac churquistati.
M.
Pasir fiestanjj jumajj janit thokoy1ta?
E.
Janiwa, pasir fiestanjj nayajj janiw thokcHydtti.
M.
Masgrmanthejj nayajj jumar janit t' ant' churcayasma?
E.
JYsa, masUrmanthejj jumajj nayar janiw t'ant' churquistati.
M.
MasUrojj jumajj cuns jupar churtlygtajja?
E.
Janiw cuns churcayUtti.
m NayrHyp'ojj jupajj jumanacar cuns churapjjayatam?
E.
Janiw cuns churapquitgnti.
M.
Nayrgrmanthejj jiwasanacajj kollk jupanacar mayt'apjjgyatanti?
E.
Janiw mayeapcUygtanti.
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj nayar mank' wajjtiapjjetanti?
E.
Janiw wajjeapquitgnti.
Qhuri marajj jupanacajj jiwasanacar nuwapjjestanti?
E.
Janiw nuwapquist4nti.
Pasir fiestanjj jumanacajj nayar thokoyapjjestati?
E.
Janiw thokoyapayUsmati.
N.
Jumanacajj jupanacar lunthatapjjgygtati?
E.
Janiw lunthatapcgyatti.
M.
Jiwasajj jupar suma caldo churRyHtanti?
E.
Janiw churcaygtanti.
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA MARCOSAJJ TATA CARLOSARUU KOLLK MAYT'ATAVIA
Narcosajj wall albat sarawayttna tata Carlosan utaparu. Tata Carlosan
anupajj wali khortlnwa, ucampis uca albajj janiw ucancanti.
Marcos:
Tata...tata...anumarac achjitaspa...
Julia:
Jutaseaquim tata... anojjajj janiw acancquiti.
Marcos:
Wall ajjsarasaw jutta, --Anupach achjquitan --sasa.1
Julia:
Janiw tata, janiw achjasiriquiti, ucampirus janiw acancquiti.
2
197
LESSON XXIX
Dialogue
M:
Ay mama, tatajj acancasquiti?
J:
J!fsay tata, utancasquiwa, mantasincaquim.
M:
Tata Carlos, nayaquiv visitasir jutta.
Carlos:
Walic juttajj tata Marcos, camiascaract tata Marcos.
H:
Jan waliquiw sarnakjjt tata Carlos.
C:
Cunarac camHchjjtamsti?
3
Llaquinacaruquiw purjjta...janiquiw cunas walicjjeti.
jan llaquisimti, waliquiscHtawa.
C:
Ay ucawa
J:
NayrUruw nayajj maman utap saran munHylita, ucampis janiw sarcti,
cunalaycutejj yap lurir saranajjkwa, inas jutir miercolesajj sarch!:1.
M:
SaatapY mama, janiraquis jutcjjtatejj3.
J:
Jutapiniw maman uca, cunUrus ucancascani?
H:
Jutir miercolesajj jank7 cawcs sarcaniti, utancascaniwa.
J:
UqhHmajj jut!'
tata.
Ay tata Carlos, nayajj mu p'eken usumpiw jutsma.
C:
14:
C:
J:
C:
4
Cunach tata?
Ay tata, maymHraw nayajj jumanacar koilk mayt'asipayHsma, neat
jichhajj jutawayta, kollket wali pist'at sarnakta, janiw cunampf.s
wawanacatac alasia puedcti, churawayjjetay tata Carlos, acaj :! my
pH mardjichejjaya.
Ay ucaw tata, nayajj wal ajjsarsma, janiquiw jichhacam churafi
puedcsmati.
JMs tata Marcos, nayas wal llaquisiscta, janiPiniw kollkejj utjqtliti.
NayrUrojj kollkejj utiHnwa, ucampis lunthataw kollk apsupjjetu,
walpin nayajj jachta.5
Ay tata Uarcos, janiquiy colerasimti, jutir phajjsiw churjjka.
Aca ovejarac uyrascta, inas mMqui 1i7' intchini.
Janit and kawkhas jichhajj utjaspajja?
142
AqhHmajja...
C:
Janipink7 utjapquituti
N:
iiird tata Carlos churjjaquitaya, warmis wal toketu, janejjay cunamp
alasifijamHcchisa.7
C:
Ucapi, jan ucajj ovejch kallke lant churjjapjjHma.
M:
Janiw tata, kollkec nayajj munta.
C:
Uqamajj jutir phajjsiquipiniw churjjapjjHma, miry! tata Marcos.
M:
Waliquiw tata, uqhHmajj jutir phajjscamaw suyt'Hma, sarawayjjM tata,
C:
Suyt'aquimay tata, mauk'easiwayaan ucat sarjjHta.
M:
Iyaw tata, uqhHmajj suyea.
janiw cuvamp alasins puedipcti.
(Carlosajj walja mank' tata Marcosarojj mank'ayi)
LIIIIMENNIMMIO SIONINNISOMINIIIIIIMMSVENNe....."^-r"
398
LESSON XXXV - Dialogue - Notes
NOTES
1
ajjsarasaw 'fearing.'
The verbal suffix -sa- before endings creates
an active participle, whose action is contemporaneous with that of the
main verb and whose subject is the same as that of the main verb.
2
imillachigairLairi
'is not one who bites.'
(positive form:
achjasiri)
3
sarnakafia 'to walk, get along'
4
ElleLeLLusu 'problem' (lit. 'head' + 'illness')
5
apsufia 'to take out'
6
lasiquiy colerasimti 'don't upset yourself' (cf. Spanish colera 'anger')
InHqui 'quickly'
liq'intana 'to fatten' (from ligli 'fat')
7
mired 'don't be like that'
tokeda 'to quarrel, wrangle'
09
.
LESSON XXXVI - Quirusa tunc soiitanir lecciona
Vocabulary
Azunaca
ircatana (ru)
encarar
to face, to confront
jucha
pecado
sin
mururana
recortar
cut (hair)
nic'uta
cabello
hair
to thank
dar gracias
yuspagarana (yuspajararia)
(ru) cf. Spanish Dios pagar4
Grammar
I.
Suma parlafiataiui
Potential/conditional and pronominal objects.
Endings are attached to the verb stem.
to
'you
-irisma
'him'
-irista (= 1st sing. pat./cond.)
'you'(pl.)
'them'
V
'you' sing. to
'he'
me
I
-irista (= 1st sing. pot./flon0
-itasra
(= 2nd sing. pot./cor...d,)
'him'
-asma
'us' (pl.)
- (apdj)-etasma
'them'
-asma
e
to
(aPii)-erisma
(= 2nd sing.pot.lcoad,)
-itaspa
'you'
- iristarn
'him'
-aspa
'us' (dual)
-istaspa
(= 3rd sing. pot./cond.)
'us' (dual pl ) -(apjj)-estappa
'us' (pl.)
'you' (p1.)
(dual) to
'we' (dual pl.)
to
(4211) :AtaRRI
'them'
-(Ridl=r115A1
-am (= 3rd sing, pot./cond.)
'him'
-sma
'them'
-(apjj)*-sna. (= 1st dual (pl.)
pot./cond.)
'him'
- (gujj)-arla (= 1st dual (pl.)
pot./cond.)
'them'
-(apit)-sna (= 1St dual (pl)
pot./cond.)
(= 1st dual pot./cond.)
400
LESSON XXXVI - Grammar
'we' (pl.)
'you'
to
'him'
(Apij )-erisma
-(plij)-erista (= 1st pl. pot./
cond.)
'you' (pl.) to
'you' (pl.)
-(apjj)-erisma
'them'
- (apjj) - erista (= 1st pl. pst./
cond.)
'me'
-(apii)-etasma
'him'
- (apjj) -asma) (= 2nd p1. pot./
cond.)
'us' (pl )
-(apjj)-etasma
'them'
-(apjj)-asma (= 2nd pl. pot./
cond.)
'they'
'me'
to
you
'him'
-(apjj)-etaspa
-(apjj)-eristam
-(apjj)-aspa (= 3rd pl. pot./
cond.)
'us' (dual)
-(apjj)*-estaspa
'us' (dual pl.) - (apjj)- estaspa
'us' (pl.)
- (apjj)- etaspa
'you' (pl.)
-(,..12ji)-eristata
'them'
-(apjj)-aspa (= 3rd pl. pot./
cond.)
The negative form requires the insertion of the discontinuous negative
morpheme and
e.g.
the negative particle Ian:
lancturguirismati
The plural infix is -13-:
1PEPALIKalmiti-Amati
The elision of the final vowel before the negative -ti (and
is required in the frames
-wa)
'I /'we' to 'him' /them'.
Nayajj jumar usumat kollirisma.
E.
Nayajj jumar usumat kollirisma.
M.
jupajj nayar
1017
MOSSH1 IAXXX - uopnlpscins
MICE
3eqnsn
.2
ccedni ankeu
1/1
ccvmmu
.a
ppeoutlem aemnp lemnsn
4
cps-en-Fr
imanc
'a
ied4
cpsynu. ied4
4
delnoTy eusininm
.emspaccdeTTon
lednsn .uusuol
fTesemu aydng de3n1orq uusxnanm
Ppezeuemnp amovueu
-a
ccuovuemnr aepeueu cce4noTu .muselacrdeananw
14
preaeurranC aeoeuednp
.a
ccepeuumnr lepeuednc de4noTu .rmseccdeinanw.
CCemnr aulBu
rcemnr aeiceu
CculnoT .emvellinanm
Tem emselagNo3
'a
rpemnr aySeu Tem *emse3a41103
*11
creoeuednr aeoeuum4
a
ppepeuectrir aez-euetung
Tex .mulspaccdepplo3
Nekeu auweued4
.a
cpArm aeoeurdnc Tem selspecp404
cpromuu aemlumnp
.a
UrpeueN iepeueunc Ten .ewsTieCcdecNol
.11
Tem emsTaeCCdes4DsTp
.a
gezeuem aeoeuelunc Ten .umnaerplesiosTg
11
ppeamemnp aepeueu
.a
fTVOTAIUMTT 1V3VUEU Ten *emselacldes3osTp
Cpeoeuem iednp Ten *e3spoCCdeopsTp
.2
peoeueN ardrc Tem 02sTaafrdeopsTp
14
quoeuemq le3eued4
'a
rcepeuemnr leaeuednr rem umseccdeopsTP
1;1
ppetmoTC ppemq aednf
a
qeqqaTr 4.0314 auchic Tem emseopsTf
zedelmq emsesweqx
ccrqq0T.0
quunc iednc
3edell.mq
emselluetm
Ccepeuednc aupeueu
Z047
NO= IAXXX
fra
rcetillou
u0T3113T3sqnS
TTPU
ccepeued4 aeoeueu lerretionr -edselaccdellueql
ccesumTC aeoeuednr
-a
cretitiou rpesemTC aeoeuednC ludetionc .eusauletm
rcVDEUEU aeoeuemnr
a
Creqq3u cceoeueu aeoeuemq
la
lumellonr
-a
fferitiou cpeoeueu lepeuetunc Temetptir
-a
lemetionc emsTaafpleouetpl
gmspecgdu4B3IT
emsTaaCcdowpaT
rcatiluemnau CcesinC
avaeuemq
Cratpuemnav
avoeuewrIC lumetionc melstaacCde3e3aT
fFecitiC
ccekeu aeoeuednl
-a
cptpuemnav creAeu aypeuednf ledvq34 .elstapepaT
611
crepeutsemTc aepeuednc
-a
ccetpueurtav rcepeuesemTP aepeuedric ledetionr .uuscpeleoaT
2eTnbmID euscpedaT
-a
CcatpuemniV cppeuesemTr aeoeuednr
14
rpoeuednf lepeuesekrcr
-a
rcatiluemnav crepeurd4 araeuesumTG
4
rroanastm grednp aeAuu
-a
croanaela
'fa
cceArti
a
preAuN aviunc mTuec lymnsu
4
Urcinf avAeu
-a
ccednf aeAuu
Hump
Setnbritio
°BusUdedaT
geTnimm eedselscpudat
avAeu SeTnbntip sumselTdaT
awanC mTuer lemnsn TlemsTaTnbumi
xpec
pumsTaTnbroA
Terrnsn -peds.e4Tnbuoll
gpeoeueu aemnr
-a
Crepeuem xemnr mTuec 4umnsn -FlumsTaTnbderroll
14
ccesemTp aedng
ea
rCusvmTr
f aedn
miueC 3ednen .TleusDderroA
de3napTu mTuer peuspananm
delninu -Fleusaananm
ea
crusemTr iednC Tuec
4
CCeoeuetunc aineueu
-a
Cpezeuetunf aeoeueu mTueC
4
Cpeveuemnr aeoeuedrq
-a
creopuemni ae3euedrIC mTuer delnoTu Tlemseodeananta
Uelnioni .pums.mnbduananm
IAXXX.NOSSal -
uoprwpsqns
pretunr aeituu
rremnr avAeu aTuec preanaop .T4emsu3Tnbananw
a-Fuer
Tun TlemselTnbrpol
rpm'. auAuu aTuer Tea -petaselTnbrplo4
rreoeuednr aepeuemnr
rrepeuednf aeaeueunr aTuer Tem TameasTaTribderpiol
rreAuu araeuednr
preArN aeoeuednr aTuep Tug .T44sTaTnbrriol
rreoeueu auovuemnr
'a
rreoeuem avoeuemnr mTuer Tem .pewsTaTnbderrno4
°N
rem TlemsTipbduslosTr
rrezmuem aeosuumnr mTuer
it
.prmsTaTnbdula3sTr
Cru3eueseaTr au3euednr
rrepeueseau aeoeuednr aTuer Tea .peus3deoosTr
Crepeuey aednr ueC .T44sTaTnbdellosTr
rrepeuey audnr uer T32sTaTribdopsTr
rreoeuemnr aupeuednr
rrepeuemnr aupeuednr urr .petusezdeoostr
rreqq3-4 rremnr ardnr
a
rrtimou rremnr lednp usr
.1.1.-emsepoosTr
ledetionr uer Tleusepouetil
a'
rretplou rrumnr ardnr 4edulptlf uer spemseolaueql
rreoeuednr aeoeueu
a.
rCempTi freoeuednr ae3sueu
4nrretionr uer .podsu4Tnbdealuelm
rrsemtr leovuednr
rretiliotr
rreseaTr arovuednr 3edutpnr uup uspoueql
'N
rfeavueu auzeuumnC
-a
prequpu rfepeueu aupeuemnr
IA
Temetpnr
sa
Cretmou rreoeueu aeparemnr 4emerpnr
tier
lemetionr uer
'tit
etTewsTipbdeoueqx
TqemsTaInbde4paT
Ca
t
.T4emsTipbde3epaT
rratiluemnie rfudnr xemrumric
-a
ccatilumunav rrednr aeoeuumnr
.14
rrekeu avDruedng
-a
ccalpumunav preiceu avoeuednr ludepnr ueC T44sTipb13uutpi
Temetionr uer .pule4sTaTnbde4epaT
i7047
NOSSTI IAXXX
uoprwpscps Tuaa
CreoeuesemTC avoeuednp
rregauemnav CrepeuesemTC aupeuedur ledutionr uer speusodesquetiq
qmegetpop uer peusodudaT
rretpuumnav CreoeuesemTC aeoeuednr qmecregoop uer ..peusodedaT
Crepeuedur aeoeueswiTr
rretpuemnay creoeuednr avoeuesemTp qmegepop uer pedse4sodedaT
Cremnr aeheu
Cratpuemnav CCemnr aeheu qwegelpop uer .pemse3TnbdaT
CCoandanf rpekeu arginr
lnoTu .elsTaTananm
Croandanf Cruheu aednr vtioTu .u4sTaTananm
rrecInC
aeheu
rroaudanr crednr aeheu lnipTu .edselTananm
uer
Croandanf Crednr aeiteu uer 4nioni pedse3Tnbananm
Cpeoeueu aeoeuednr
rroandanf Crepeueu aeoeuednr
tier
4noTu eplsTaTnbdeananm
elsTaarrdeananm
Croandanr Cpeoeueu aupeuednr utiont seasTaarrdeananm
TedetionC eastaarcderrNoz
Croandani Crezeueu aepeuednr ledetionC eu3sTaarrdecrNo4
uer
Croandanf Crepeueu aeoeuednr uer Tedetionr pasTaTubderploa
rreheu avoeuednr
CCoandanf freheu aepeuednr
tier Tedetionr
apnr Creaem Crupeuemnr aeheu
apnr cream' crepeuemnr aeheu
uer
T44sTaTnbrrlo4
4erCutipnr .Tlemse4Trtbdurclio3
rresumg aeoeued4
presear, avoeuedur
apmr
Creaem ueC Tedetpur Reusodurplo4
NTT01 Tleusodellhem
preseau aroeuudnr apnr Cream imp vuroA peusodeohem
Creheu avoeuemnr
rTeheN aezeuemnp aT4nr
[Team
tier
-moll pemsTaTnbdellhem
emsTaarrdeohum
CreheN aeoeuemnr IT4nr
rpaem Anol eemsTaorrdeilkem
Crepeuemnr aupeuednc
rpeoeuemng ae7)euednr
at rpeima -4TioN
405
LESSON XXXVI
churafia
Nayajj jumar
churirisma
Nayajj jupar
churirista
Nayajj jumanacar
churapjjerisma
Nayajj jupanacar
churirista
Jumajj nayar
churitasma
Jumajj jupar
churasma
sosommuo
Jumajj nanacar
chuiapjjetasma
Jumajj jupanacar
churasma
Jupajj nayar
churitaspa
011111110 ./.80/./
Jupajj jumar
churiristam
Jupajj jupar
churaspa
Jupajj jiwasar
churistaspa
Jupajj jiwasanecar
churapjjestaspa
Jupajj nanacar
churapjjetaspa
Jupajj jumanacar
churapjjeristam
1../wano.11101
Jupajj jupanacar
churaspa
Jiwasajj jupar
chursma
Jiwasajj jupanacar
churapjjsna/cftursna
Jiwasanacajj jupar
churapjjsna
Jiwasanacajj jupanacar
churapjjsna
Nanacajj jumar
churapjjerisma
Nanacajj jupar
churapjjerista
Nanacajj jumanacar
churapjjerisma
Nanacajj jupanacar
P....
churapjjerista
Jumanacajj nayer
churapjjetasma
Jumanacajj jupar
churapjjasma
Jumanacajj nanacar
14......,
churapjjasma
Jumanacajj jupanacar
Jupanacajj nayar
Jupanacajj jumar
churapjjetasma
.
churapjjetaspa
churapjjeristam
9047
mossai IAXXX
uopaIdwoo Masa
ppuovuudnr audnp
edsuppdvantio
ppuovuednr ausumg
-sappdvantWedsv3sTantio
udsel
Ppuovuudnr aupeuesumTp
vdsulsaPpdeanip
ppeouuednr aupeueu
udsulappduanqo
ppuovuudnr auovuumnp
measTaappdvantio
ppeluuudnr arpeuudnp
udsuppdeango
CpuAuN awing ueP
TlumsTaTnbanip
PpeAuN aednp uuP
T4.1sTaTnbanto
PA-ert
arouuemnp uup
TaumsTaTnbdeantio
PRAuN
avouuudflp uvP
T44sTaTnbantio
pumr
avAuu Imp
pumselTnbantio
Tlumsupantio
ccumnr audnp uep
PPutunr
avouuvu uep
pedsulTnbdeango
ppumnr aeouuudnp uvp
pumsupantio
ppednr avAeu uep
pudsurcnbantio
ppudnr aumnp uup
pluvlstaTnbantio
ppudnr audnp uuP
Tludsupantio
ppudnr ausumTp uep
pudsulsolntio
ppudnr avouuusemTp uup
pedsulsTnbduantio
ppudnr avoeuvu uup
pudsulTnbduantio
ccednr avouuumnp uuf
T4mulsTatnbduango
ccvdni aeovuednp uvP
pudsupantio
PFusuaTr
P audn
puusaango
CPusvATr
P aupeuudn
uup
uup
Tquuspanto/T3uusoduantio
ppeoeuusemTr avdnP uup
Tleusodeantio
ppepuuusemu auovuednp uup
Tleusoduantio
ppuouuum autunp uvp
TlumsTaTnbdeango
ppuouuuN audnp uup
44sTaTnbduantio
ppuauuum auovuumnp uup
TlemsTaTnbduanqo
Ppeovuum avouuudnp uup
T44sTaTnbduanqo
prupeuemnr avAuu uup
TImmse4Tnbduantip
NOSSM IAXXX
uoTleTdmoa
UPC
Creoeuemnr aednr ueC
peasrodeanqo
CCepeuemnr aeoeueu uep
TlemeeqTadeantp
Cpeoruemni aeoeuednr ueC
pumseodeinto
Cruleuednr aekeu Imp
IledselTnbduantip
rpoeuednr aumnF usr
TamelsTaTnbdeantio
rreoeuednr aecinC uer
T3edseodeanqa
Cppeuednr aesemTr
C uE
11/1
"
-dLantio/Tledse4soantio
Tledselspb
Creotuednr aeoeuesemTC uef
T4edse4sTadeantp
rpe.peuednr aezeueu imp
leds-e4Tnbdrantp
Cpepeuedni atmeuemnC
qmzn)sTaTnbdeanip
Cpeoeuednr ae3euednp ueC
Tledseodeango
ppetripTr CCeiCeu
PelliPTr
C CCemn
oueo.aemnC
777&peantio)
aeLeu Cueaeu g(`ellWry)
cpemseunm
memseunm
.c.!.TnbT
euse4TFte
ummiapFdellitem
ccvq4DIr C CCezeuemn apoeueu utnbt
LTledswrea
reqqz-Fr C peoeueu C e .1133ru-eum
emsTaTanqo
kem)
(Eire
g
ems-Clapp:Wall=
Ccleunm
CCelpipTi CFesemTC aednp TETo4 4(eueogem)
vueoccvm
medsITem
CruovuesemTC avoeuednr oluem
4T3edseCrdeunm
uusCCdeango
FCellipTf Cpezeuednr avAeu 50-4elettae)
edselarFdeaerfae
CCetitio
Lpadsuccduunm
rcetploTr c Credn aumnC deA
mint
g(egyavueA)
melstatdeueli
ipedsyrem
susTluv TIDTC CCuAeu aumnC g(euedeueA) rpatpuemnae
mTueF (eqedeueA)
vmsTaTdeueA
TTemeTaTnbdeueA
sespuv
titioTr
rCemnp aeiteu g(euedeui3) CCatiluemnle
mTueF (tWARiEFA) .
umsezTdeuzA
T4emseaTnbdeueA
sespuv
timaTC CpesemIC
eusTerFav
aednp 4(7.iiITTIV)
peusoleppe
CCoanampl mTuer 01-1F-4-frciro
sesTluv titpTC rpoeuesemIC avoeuednr
.(iueantio) CCoanaeriq *(egeango)mTueF
susTWV qqaTC CCednC
rgoanamill mTuvr
Num
aulteu '(0151711).TImulip
eusfrdeantio
peusodeantp
edSelTrre
peds.e3Tnbpie
8017
NOM
IAXXX - uoTletdmoD riTaa
Cfepeueu iednf nequo
fretiquemnis mTuef e(eusAnTeo)
sesTquv
titioTc
sespuv
4(Eiail"--quo)
elsTiefpeAnlep
Tq4sTaTubdeAngeo
q43 ffroeuemnp apAsu qn 6(EW5475)
Hoinisql mTuf Criirez.)
emselaCcdeAnleo
Tlemse4TubdeAnquo
sesTquv tploTP frepeuednc isosuemnf mns 6(se;757Tr.) me2sTaafpuoosTC
apnC preuemes mTuer s(eueopsT.)
pmelsTaTnbdeopsTC
Cfeqemnr $(eriallTre) CCeAuu asmig go xo,
(grre!.-fg)
effemselTdeusA
ememsTaTcTe
Ccaludnr 6(L'uudetreA) CCeiceu isdnC xostio
(eWe)
efcedselTdeusA
vm3sTITCTB
CreTessmTr isdnC 6(euelei.lay) cfednf s(sue4ellie)
effeus4sfpe
emedselsoeieleCCie
Cce4rosuesemTr ressuf 6(sue4e[fie) CfeseTTf
Mig)(Werm
efpeuscfde4sCfas
umedse4sgmAntio
CCe4speueN aemnf Tie ovum-ppm 4(elpalitem) ffeunC effemsTieffdellAem
avoeueu
smemselaffdeslicem
.(E1.7.es4Xem)
CCelsosuemnr asAeu 6(euel.mAnqp) fceAeu -muemnr
gale° -(eusieVedsnA)
ecfmnselerfdefmSnip
fplepeuednr 1=4 sxuem s(sueingo) Cfemnf
s(eueasedsnA)
epfuelsTaafpeintio
umemsexeSedsnA
suopsanb pue siemsuv
soa
L'aemsTleCCduae2edsnA
ilititoeueueops-fT meAT Tdmeosueues
ant - epeueqatip
%I
rceAem aemnC LTzemsTaTinto
.a
susu cpmunc
semseaTinqo
rfemnr isAsu iTlemselTinto
g
gesu CfeAsu imanC emsTaTinto
11
fcessau asdnf
g
4es41,
I
ffeoeuem aemnC LTlemsTierpeintio
sg
6eszr pfeaeuemnf aeiCeu semselappeanto
N
H
LTTeusantio
CfesemTp iednC emeusintio
Ccepeuumnr isiteu 4.1emselerrdeantio
i 'es; Cceosueu aumnp emsTieff'deintio
'eley snamilb sou DEUEOVA iypflsTaTintio
g
apAni emse3Tingo
507
NOSSal IAXXX
suopsenb pue saemsuv
a/NT:mod
snamqb
:,eppemsepcdeantio.3euoTTepo,e3n
ex
4epeue4y/
-a
mnaepeuemnr emsTaappdvanqa
ex
'ele1 ppeoeurmnp
3
4.esicr
aveuednr zetouse Tiemsegdelnqo
em4sTaePgdeanq3
T ZEUVD"RA aednp
ex
ceme fcpeuesemTp TT-eAeqb
.3
geszr eemeusppdepTe
4
sung PPoeuednp aeltsu ulde4sepPdvanq3
g
dmennoh
'N
t,'31124,
-a
.ememsePpdeolem4esicr
ex
ppeqq0Tr gpeoeueu aeoeuednp ue3eppae
ea
6esu
nqbnqd du sedsRppduanqp
rcV3IIMI .itneuednp epTen ATTol 4T43sTaaCrdeAzkem
LT4spappdeum
'EMVWS2rcdEUTIM
URf 'eoeueleqo
14
azeusppdepi
iemnp LpumsTaTanqo
'
preltem
ea
4eaTuer ppemnp aeiteu mTueP T3'emselTnbanw
N
Ppemnr
-a
Ppelieu.4emTuer aemnp mTuep .T3emsTaTnbanqo
4
ardnperesemu azeusanqo
g
4eaTuer ppesemTp audap mTuer T3eusoanqo
'N
rpednr aeheu 3Tuep Ledse3Tnbanq3
63
gmTuer Ppednp =imp mTuep pmegsTaTnbaaqo
ex
PPeleueN zemnp 3Tuep ;,emsTaTnbdeantio
q
gemTuer Cceaeuemnp aeAeu mTueP
aeLu
aTuep i,emselTnbanqo
pmsegTadeanqp
ppezeuednr aekeu zpedselaPPdvanqo
-a
gemTuer PCepeuednp mTue.P.aemap eT3melsTaTnbdzanlo
PpeOeuednr LTiedse3eppeanqo
*3
gemTuer mTueccceoeuednp eTweqsTaTnbdeanqo
ex
6.5.3ex
63
mTuer eTTemse4TnbpTe
'N
'vmeli
-a
mTuer
'N
neqg
-a
mTurr -T3emsTaTnbdeoppem
ex
4r3s1 ppeoeueu aemap'ppoanavq4 2,T3emsTaeprdeuppe
eg
mTuer ertemselTadeoTqoe
4
ccopled ppaqwemnae aese,:4? 14edse3sdeue4
3
mTuer epedselszdeit
cpuiceu ellseldiumnp oeueumeso
snamqb
snamqb
LT3emspTple
eon peuemei ppeoeueu zelsTaappdeLede
eTTemseodeicede
Ccepeuemnp aekeu ,..c3eme3sefPdeopPem
LESSON XXXVI
Dialogue - Cuento
MX VOLUNTARIOJJ TATA JUANARUW CEBAD JAWK'AN YANAPI1
2
Voluntario:
Tata Juan, cawquirus uca lawanac apt'at sarascte
Tata Juan:
Qhaya pamp cebad jawkleriw sarasct tata, jumasti?
V.:
Nayajj juman utam jutascgygta.
TJ:
Ay ucaw tata, nayajj janiw jutanam yatcHygtti, yatiriscHygt
ucajj janiw cebad jawk'er sarquiriscgygtti.
V:
Waliquisquiw tata, antisas nayajj jumarojj cebad jawk'afi
yanapafi munsma, sarascadgn tata Juan?
TJ:
3
Nayaru?Ay tata, cebad jawleanajj wali ch'amaw tata, uqhgmarus
jakenacajj ufich'uquipjjetaspawa --gringompiw tata Juanajj
yanapayasi --sasa.4
V:
Janiw jakejj parlcaniti, jin sarafign tata, nayajj ingsctwa.
TJ:
Uqhgmajj sararillnisay tata, ucatarac kariscasma.
V:
TJ:
5
Janiw karcHti, nayajj wal cebad jawk'afi yatekafi munta.
Janiw tata, pasir phajjsejj nayajj tata Andresaruw yap luran
yanapta, janiw karjquituti.... Jichhtlrojj janiw cuna
luranajjas utjquiti.
Sarafign tata, aca lawanac apafi yanapt'it tata.
(Voluntariomp Juanampejj cebad jawk'apjje)
6
TJ:
Jawklan kalltafign tata.
V:
Waliquiw tata, cuna sutinis aca lawajja?
7
TJ:
V:
TJ:
V:
TJ:
Jawk'afia
Hanacajj aca lawarojj --jawk'gna --sap jjtwa.
satawa. Juman marcaman jawlegnajj utjaraquiti?
Ay tata... nanacajj marcajjanjj maquinampiw jawk'apjjta, janiu
amparamp jumanacjam jawklapcti.8
Ilayajj uca maquin alasid munirista, ucampis kollkew jan
utjquiti, wall car8pachajjaya. Inas jutir marajj alaschi.
Jis tata, ucampis jumatejj alasifi munapinismajja, mg urojj
jawk'an maquinamajj utjaspawa. Aca cebadajj sumaua.
Cawqhans aljata?
Achacachir aljiriw apt, uca kollkempejj wawanacajjataquiw
machak isinac alI, ucat jupanacarojj m1 suma regalo churg.
Aqhgmaw jawk'afiejj tata...
V:
Ah, wali chlamas1...10
TJ:
Ucajj tata, niy cebad arcunac tucuntjjtanwa, karjpachgtamwa..
V:
Janiw wal karjquituti.
TJ:
Samareangn tata, acajj manklajj mank'easingni...
1
(Voluntariomp tata Juanampejj marojj wal trabajapjje)
411
LESSON XXXVI - Dialogue
NOTES
1 jawklana 'to thresh'
2
uca lawanac apt'at 'with those.sticks' (lit.
carrying those sticks').
Besides functioning as passive participles, verb forms in -.4-a nay alp,'
serve as active particles.
3
p_a_ati.a 'pampa, plain' (cf. Spanish pampa)
4
unchluauina 'to look at, watch.'
"ak.L.enaca'iunch.iletaspawa 'the men can see me.'
gastaz 'he allows himself to be helped.
5
ucatarac kariscasma 'Imtch that you not the out.' (infinitive
karisina). The optative is often used to denote care, attention.
optative is equivalent to the negative potential/conditional Without
Ucatarac 'by (means of) that'.
the negative suffix
6
kalltafia 'to begin'
7
jak'gfia 'threshing instrument'
8
maquina
'machine' (cf. Spanish mgauina)
1....a'ulTlIsiEra 'like you'.
The suffix -lama, with elision of the prece::imr,
vowel, also has the meaning 'like.'
The suffix
(-diama- may also be preceded by the suffix -r(u)'to'
iiwasaij wajchanaeariamapijtanwa
e.g.
'we are' like orphans'
jiwasaji wajskanacjamarjjtanwa
9
rtga,22
(ri:iabi) 'gift' (cf. Spanish regalq).
10
The suffix -s1 indicates exclamation.
11
arcu 'pile of unthreshed barley'
412
LESSON XXXVII - Quimsa tune pakallkonir lecciona
darse cuenta
to realize
gritonear
to call to
azot'ina ( azut'ina) (ru)
azotar
to whip
Cu"
ke chuyma
horasapana
vez
sobrio
a tiempo
(one) time
sober
on time
jakonucuna (ru)
botar
to throw out
amuyasifia
arnakana
(ru)
jaysalia
(ru)
aceptar
to accept, agree
jawsana
(ru)
liamar
to call
querer,
munana
nuwana
to visit
to quarrel, wrangle
drunk
visi.tar
renir
borracho
(ru)
umata
warariiia
to hit
pegar
(ru)
sareafia (ru)
ttikena
to love
amar
(ru)
wayunucuna (ru)
gritar
to shout
botar (de las manos)
to throw out (with the
bands)(people,
objects)
e
Grammar - Suma parlatiataoui
I.
Dubitative present with pronominal objects:
endings are attached to the
verb stem.
I'
to
'you' singular to
'he'
to
'you'
you
-sma (= 1st sing. punctual with
pronominal object)
'him'
-sta (= 1st sing. dubitative)
'you' (pl.)
-(apjj)-sma (= 1st pl. punctual
with pronominal objects)
'them'
-sta
I
- chista
me
I
i
(= 1st sing. dubitative)
(= 2nd sing. dubitative)
'him'
-sta
'us' (pl.)
-(apjj)-chista
'them'
- sta
'me'
-chitu
'you'
you
7:q94
'him'
'chi (=
(= 2nd sing. dubitativc)
3rd
.".ag
,lubitatliva)
-1
LESSON XXXVII - Grammar
'us' (dual)
-ebistu
'us' (dual Pl.)
'us' (pl.)
-(9Ajj)-chistu
-(apii)-chitu
'you' (pl.)
'them'
-ippjj)-chl (= 3rd pl. dubita-'
tive)
(dual)
to
'we' (dual pl.) to
'him'
-stan (= 1st dual dubitative)
'them'
-(ErLia!::sazl (= 1st dual (pl.)
dubitative)
1st dtial pl.
'him'
dubitative)
ist dual pl.
'them'
dubitaticre)
we
to
(= 1st pl. punzt-:al
'you'
you
with pronominal object)
'him'
-(Apii)-sta (= 1st pl. dubitatige)
'you' (pl.)
to
'you' (pl.)
-(a21-!)-3ma (= 1st
with
pronominal objecLa)
'them'
-(mit)-sta (4,== 1st pl. dub-;_tati7e)
I
me I
-(apjj)-chista
'him'
-(apj j) -sta (= 2nd pl. dubitative)
'us' (pl.)
-(ARii)MS111115A
'them'
-(apii)-sta. (= 2nd pl. dubitative)
'they'
to
'we'
(mil) AjALI
'you'
-(apii)-stam
'him'
- (ARin-chi (= 3rd pl. dubitative)
'us' (dual)
- (EptiTc-chista
'us' (eual pl.)
-(aPjj)-chistu
'us' .01
'you' (pl.)
'them'
-(apil)-stam
(= 3rd pl. dubitative)
LESSON XXXVII - Grammar
II.
Negative forms require the insertion of the discontinuous negative
-c...ti with !an:
Jan churcsmati, etc.
negative is 7.42-:
jan shurapcsmati,
The plural infix in the
etc.
Uhen the subject is 'we' (pl.) and the object 'him/them,' the last
jan jaysapcstti.
vowel is elided before the negative -ti:
The ending
-sta with a 1st person subject only ('I' to 'him/them') is replaced by
-sti in the negative (not
-stati; -stati is the form for the 2nd person
subject).
III.
-jjata 'concerning, about':
e.g.
requires elision of the preceding vowel.
uywanacjjat 'about animals'
jarcitat 'about the village'
IV
jan amuvasis:
'without realizing.'
Present active participles after
jan 'not, without' are formed by replacing the infinitive ending by -sa:
e.g. inas_ialiamuasistu 'perhaps they bit me without
realizing it.'
It is not necessary to insert a negative infix in the participle.
(Ebbing also lists such participles with a negative infix.
differences are not clear.
The
Perhaps if the main verb is negative, then a
negative infix would be expected in the participle as well (added to
the verb stem):
e.g.
inas
without realizing it.'
V.
The problem requires further research.)
-na in the meaning of 'time when':
e.g.
'perhaps they didn't hit me
i,_Iyascas'anianant nuwapcchituti
na maran utajj luranani
maran(a) 'in a year'
'we will build the house in a year.'
In this construction, -ta can also be used:
and marat utajj luratiani.
VI. Addition of -guiri- /-cori-/-curi- (also -iri-/ -ori-/ -uri-) to the
verb stem creates a verb phrase meaning 'who is - - -'; the forms are
always the object of a verb:
e.g. Marcar sarir unjapjjtwa 'We saw him (while he was)
going to the village'.
.
The subject of a verb in -(au)iri- is not the same as that of the mai1
verb. When the subject of -(s.92isi- 5.s the sar,e
thL,
of the main
415
LESSON XXXVII
verbs participles in -sisa are used instead (attached. to,tbein4initiv.T.
The suffixes -par(u) and -nach(a) may be attached to the verb foigm).
e.g. apianacaliiumanicar inas iachauirparT7ayunucupjjatam
'Perhaps they threw you *out (while you were) crying'.
Ea..tali impanacar inas wararcuirDach jareksta
'Perhaps I screamed at them (while they were) drunk'.
Substitution Drill - l!asa arunac uscuiia
M.
Nayajj jumar inas t'ant' chursma.
E.
Nayajj jumar inas t' ant' chursma,
jupajj nayar
E.
Jupajj nayar inas t' ant' churchitu.
M.
jumajj nayar
E.
Jumajj nayar inas t' ant' churchista.
M.
ques aljchista
E.
Jumajj nayar inas ques aljchista.
IL
nanacajj jumanacar
E.
Nanacajj jumanacar inas ques aljapjjsma.
M.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
Jumanacajj nanacar inas ques aljapjjchista.
M.
E.
Jupanacajj iumanacar inas ques aljapjjstam.
M.
jachquirpar wayunucupjjstam
E.
Jupanacajj jumanacar inas jachquirpar wayunucupjjstam.
N.
jiwasajj jupar
E.
Jiwasajj jupar inas jachquirpar wayunucstan.
M.
jupanacajj nanacar
E.
Jupanacajj nanacar inas jachquirpar vayunucupjjchitu.
nayajj jupanacar
E.
Nayajj jupanacar inaq jachquirpar wayunucsta.
M.
wararquirpach jareksta
E.
Nayajj jupanacar inas wararquirpach jareksta.
M.
nanacajj jumar
MOSSY' IIAXXX - uoT1n4T3scinS TTTaa
-a
/enquart aymnp smut
'N
Pcepeuesemg avoruudric
6g
fproeuesvmTf aepeuednp smut goudaTnbauxem .uelscpuNpaup
1q
.g
xemq mit Temetionc vmsluoiT
ccekem aumq smut zummionc .vmsTepaT
/4
predlic
fa
rcudnf avAeu smut 4vccetionf
wydaTnbaviem -vmspcdmiarep
PryAeN
atIvu
n4TwaroaT
ccemnp auAeu
-a
prumnr lekeu smut Tecpetionc ..e3splozepaT
i4
warm Em
.a
Cpemnr aulteu suuT uviem Em 4no °B1sTtiollivs
14
cceovueu ishoeuumnp
.2
gpaeueN avamemq seat
Ono lies e4sTqp1
uvivtu
Hm Ono semsccdelues
ccupeuemnp aupeueu
21
cruovuemnr avorueu sent
mama Hm
via u4spi3cpullaus
Cpouuednp aupeuumnp
-a
prpovuudnr aeoeuemnp suuT ueiem Hm Ono melscpyilaus
'N
tpudlumn smut mulsUdennu
g
ffeoeuedrif avopuemnp smut
14
ccesemTp
H
ccesemu audnr scut wedTemn uelsmnu
g
ccuouuednc aeopuvu
-a
cPaaeuedur avovueu sent tord4ymn n4Ttlogdnmnu
34
prekeu avoeuednp
-a
ppekeN zuouuednp smut tpudTemn .elsmnu
'N
vftem NTT04 v4sOkem
-a
leovueducTrekem seat yftea ATToA .elsokem
4
ppeouueu aemnp
-a
ppepuuem avmnr sent rftea NIT0A .ewsUdellAum
14
preaeuesumTp aupeuminc
'a
ppouuesemT1 aeoBuedrq smut ecTum TET0A Pue4s4des4Aum
g
ppekell
.g
ccedieN aymnp smut uec
wedlumn me4sffdemnu
ard4
aemq
smut uec T3emsodeueA
epemsodeuvA
417
LESSON XXXVII - Substitution Drill
I.
jupajj nayar
E.
Jupajj nayar inas jan yanapcchituti.
M.
jamajj nayar
Jumajj nayar inas jan yanapcchistati.
He
achicchistati
E.
Jumajj nayar inas jan achicchistati,
M.
nanacajj jumanacar
E.
Nanacajj jumanacar inas jan achicapcsnati.
M.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
Jumanacajj nanaaar inas jan achicapcchistatie
M.
E.
Jupanacajj jumanacar inas jan achicapcstamti.
M.
jakonucupcstamti
E.
Jupanacajj jumanacar inas jan jakonucupcstamti.
jiwasajj jupar
E.
Siwasajj jupar inas jan jakonvccstantie
M.
nayajj jupanacar
E.
Nayajj jupanacar inas jan jakonuccstti.
M.
umat arnakcsti
E.
Nayajj jupanacar inas jan umat arnakcsti.
M.
nanacajj jumar
E.
Nanacajj jumar inas jan umat arnakapcsmati.
M.
E.
Jiwasanacajj jupanacar inas jan umat arnakapcstanti.
M.
nanacajj jumanacar
E.
Nanacajj jumanacar inas jan umat arnakapcsmati.
M.
Nayajj jumar inas jan chawll churcsmati.
E.
Nayajj jupar inas jan chawll churcsmati.
U.
jupajj nayar
E.
Jupajj nayar inas jan chawll churcchituti.
M.
jumajj nayar
E.
Jumajj nayar inas jan chawll churcchistati.
M.
kollk mayecchistati
8117
NOSS3'I IIAXXX
uoT4n4T4sqns TiTaa
.3
ffemnr avAeu seat uef WITcl 'TTelsT110313Aum
°H
fpepeuvu avcreuemnf
.a
ffeovueN avovuemnp sent uvf ITIoN eTTemszdeillem
14
ppepeuemnf avoeueu
3.
pfuovuemnr avoeuvu sent uuf VET011 eTaeasploodeolem
N
pfepeuednp avoeuumnf
'a
ffeoeuedni avoruemnf sent
trec l'['[01
°T4mulsodeokem
lemn Tweasodeleme
.3
ffeoeuednr avovuemnp seuT upp Temn .pmelsodexeme
'N
ffusemg avdnf
a
ffesemTr audnp suuT uef leum fluelsoAeuie
N
ppeovuednp avoeueu
.a
fpoeuednr seuT.aeoeueu uef lemn .T1n4Ttioadelleuae
xt
ffeAvu aeoeuednf
'a
ffeleg aeovuednf seuT
avolo
.3
mAntio
iref
TOM
°T4solieuxe
psomnu
pfeAuN aweuednf seuT uvf
avolo mAnto .T3somnu
ffuovueu aemnp
.3
ffuovueN aumnp scut uef
'N
ffeoeuesemTf avoeuednf
.3
fpeovuesemu avoeuednf scut uuC
TA
ffeArN aemnf seuT wedaTnbaexem .emsonunAem
°vamp
mAntio .T3emsodennu
availlo mAntio
Tlue4sodemnu
ppeAeN aumnf sent wedaTnbaeaem -emsonunAva
fpeoeueu aeovuemnf
.3
ppepeueN aeovuemnp smut wedaTnbleaeA emsffdnonunAem
14
uup
53
ffuovueN aeoeuemnf scut uuf goudaTnbauaem .pumsodnonunAem
N
dull
puleuvani Tlemsodeoppe
fpeoeueN avoyuumnf seuT uvf
a
dull
peaeueanT TlemsodeoTtioe
ppeovuemnf avoeuvu
pfeaeuemnr aeovueu suet imp drA peleuvani .T4e4sTwodeoppy
II .
elsplopfdeoppe
.3
pfeoeuemnr avoeuvu sent
dell
ov3vgvanT elsploffdeoppe
':1
LESSON XXXVII - Substitution Drill
H.
jupanacajj jut anacar
E. 'Jupanacajj jumanacar leas yap luranatac achicapjjstam.
M.
jan wal!pan jakonucupjjstam
E.
Jupanacajj jumanacar inas jan walipan jakonucupjjstam.
jiwasajj jupanacar
E.
Jiwasajj jupanacar inas jan walipan jakonucstan.
M.
jupanacajj nanacar
E.
Jupanacajj nanacar inas jan wal!pan jakonucupjjchitu.
M.
nayajj jupanacar
E.
Nayajj jupanacar inas jan walipan jakonucsta.
M.
jayrgpan azot'sta
E.
Nayajj jupanacar inas jay gpan azot'sta.
M.
nanacajj jumar
E.
Nanacajj jumar inas jayrgpan azot'ipjjsma.
M.
nayajj jumanacar
E.
Nayajj jumaracer inas jayrgpan azot'ipjjsma.
Insert the correct form of churana.
Nayajj jumar inas kollk
chursma
Nayajj jupar inas kollk
chursta
Nayajj jumanacar inas kollk
churapjjsma
Nayajj jupanacar inas kollk
chursta
mays' aDA
Jumajj nayar inas
mayechista
Jumajj jupar inas kollk ...11aLf.4111.011M
mayesta
Jumajj nanacar inas kollk
nayeapjjchista
Jumajj jupanacar inas kollk
mwammoomlnommem.
mayesta
wad' ana
wajjeana
Jivasajj jupar inas pokot
Jiwasajj jupanacar inas pokot
0.1.1= elIONOl.
wajjestan/wajjeapjjstan
uoTandmoD ITTaa
mossal IIAXXX
mascpusafTem
uuasCpuoccum
Frepeuesemu audrq smut 3oNod
Hezeuesumu aeoeuednc
smut aolod
equunm
ccednr auAeu smut
Miler T434B1.
ccedni ammiC sruT
MTUVP
6
ffedrif audrq smut
mTuec .TaTnbauA
6
Updnr aesumTr scut
.T4B4041:19A
aTuuf .TaueaoauA
6
nappunm
masunm
Tqounm
n4sTqaunm
nasTpCpuunm
ccednr aupeuesemTp scut
T411B43dT4"
ccRdilf
1E321= suuT m
ppedrif
aupeuumnp soul
6
gpedni aupuudnp scut
6
6
MTUVP 'T404124
nappfcdeunm
ATUVP T1940#424(
meascpeunm
tut
TaTnbdTauA
TqopCdeunm
geAnauo e
ccepeuem aemnr smut
TapdTseame
Trum
ppeoeurN ledric smut ITTOI
TaodTsulme
quorum
6
MTUBP
vmsrpeAnauo
6
MTUVP
easpCduAnaup
umscpeAnauo
aupuumang suuT
TvdTsTquA
prepeuem aeoeuednp sent ITT031
TapdTsTleA
6
mTueC
eascpuAnaup
UMBI3OST.
crepeuumnf avAeu seuT aerpaem
e3STI1Orrde1TOSTc
ccupeuemni ardric soot luppaum
eascpulaosTc
uasploppeapsTp
eascpuslosTC
ccupeuumnr avosueu smut 3upplum
ppeoeuemnr aupeuudnp smut aupplem
uegoTauK e
Frepuuedni auAuu seuT aeffouuumAn
naTtioCpulpTauA
Cpeoeuedni aemnr. smut aurrouuemAn
rfupeuednr aemq suuT aucCouueriAn
meascputiaTleA
ccupeuednr ausemTp smut augouuemAn
nasTprpeppeA
TippcdutpTauA
/
rpsTqatiolleA
quouuednr asouuesemTC suuT TeUpeuenAn
nasploCcduppeA
LESSOO
Jupanacaj
Completion Drill
laanacar inas uywaLar:jjat
y.etichapjjchii:u
/100111.111015.41
Jupanacajj jumanacar inas uywanacjjat
yatichapjjstam
Jupanacajj jupanacar inas uyvanacjjat
yatichapjjchi
churana
Nayajj jumar inas jan kollk
churcsmati
Nayajj juDar inas jan kollk
churcsti
Nayajj jumanacar inas jan kollk
churapasmati
Nayajj jupanacar inas jan kollk
churcsti
mayttana
Jumajj nayar inas jan kolik
mayttcchistati
Jumajj jupar inas jan kolik
mayttcstat4
Jumajj nanacar inas jan kellh
mayt'apcchistati
Jumajj jupanacar inas jan kollk
mayttcszati
iawsana
jewssch.;:tuti
Jupajj nayar inas jan
IMINOOMOISIMN.M1
Jupajj jumar inas jan
jawsctamti
Jupajj jupar inas jan
jawscchiti
Jupajj jiwasar inas jan
jawscstuti
Jupajj jiwasanacar inas jan
011no
jawsapcchistuti
jawsapcchituti
Jupajj nanacar inas jan
j awsapcstamti
Jupajj jupanacar inas jan
01140.11.1.00,...414.0.0aummommOdrwinsiMO.1
Jupajj jupanacar inas jan
11./.IIIMMIMIIIMVINNINVIMeNIIMIIIIO
jawscchiti
ERidtlgia
Jiwasajj jupar inas jan pokot
wajjecstanti
Jiwasajj jupanacar inas jan pokot
waj j t t cs taut iiwaj j t -
apcStanti
wajjt'apcstanti
Jiwasanacajj jupar inas jan pokot
Jiwasanacajj jupanacar inas jan pokot
.
wajjttarcstanti
taxsafia
Nanacajj jumar inas jan
jaysapcsmati
Nanacajj jupar inas jan
jaysapcstti
Nanacajj jumanacar inas jan
jaysapcsmati
Nanacajj jupanacar inas jan
jaysapcstti
TleTdmo3 uo TTTia
euellies
ppepeuemnr aekeu scut ueC ueduseloq
cCepeuemnf audnc seuT ueC ueduseioq
mossaa IIAXXX
Ccepeuumnr aeoeueu scut uep uedeselog
peoeuemnf lepeuednF scut ueC uedeselog
Tlelsploodeslies
pelsodesues
Tlelsploodesurs
pelsodellies
euemnu
Cpeoeuednr avAeu scut ueC sTseAnwe
CCepsuedni aulanC scut u8C sTseAnwe
naTtioppemnu
PCepeuednr audnC scut ueC sTsuAnme
Ttioffdemnu
CPeoeuednr lesemTC sent ueC sTsuAnue
-Cpiemnuin4svpmnu
Cpeopurdnf aeoeuesemTf scut uec ueC sTseAnwe
CCepeuednr leaeueu seuT ueC sTsuAnme
ppeAnu n4spl3
rpeoeuedni aeoeuemnr scut ueC 6TseAnme
CCe3euednr aezeuednp SHUT lief' sTseAnure
me4sCCdemnu
CpekeN aumnp suuT pelemeTe4 xuol 4(Wnlro)
mTueC floselme
Ccemnf auAeu seuT Deleffele4 uTol 4(eueingo)
mTuer -poselme
Ccednr xuAeu seat aeloapaa xTIox '(fileanip)
emsintp
melscCdemnu
n4sTtio
n4Ttopplemnu
ploppiemnu
easTvintio
n4Tipantlo
mTuep T3Tnbselme
gesumTr aednC smut peledezel ATTol 6(eueintp)
uelsinip
mTuer -Flue4oselme
rcepeuesemu aeoeuednr seuT pe4e4n uTmeTeo
g(eueslAvu) mTuep 0T4uulDdTseame
uelsgdellitem
Imp=
Cceoeuem avaeuemnc smut oulemeoeueTTC
oeuTsT f.(eUeinuo)
mTuec TvdTseure
umsCpeintp
TiTtiono
freaeumunf xelteu seat tfanqb pezepTiegb
g(euellAem) mpreC al/oselme
ppezeuednf aeoeuemnr scut tionqb peTeuTieqb
6TEITIA-Triffi)TIN0n3 mTuer T4TnbdTselme
'A
CCetimou
Nekeu
uyeAnzeo
aumnp scut IMP CaAO
CCetplou Ccemnp leAvu scut uec PAO
getimpu CCesemTC aupeued4 smut uup paAo
Cpuilkem e4sTt3
me4sgde1altem
pewspAnlep
T4e4sTtioDAnze3
pue3so4n4ep-
L
LESSON XXXVII - Completion Drill
yenapana
EasUrojj nanacajj jupar inas jan yap luran
yanapapcsti
MasErojj jumanacajj nayar inas jan yap lurafi
yanapapcchistati
MasErojj jupanacajj nanacar inas jan yap lurad
yanapapcchituti
sum (_hami.iiiis).
MasErojj jupajj jupanacar inas jan
Fayriirojj jiwasanacajj jupanacar inas jan
(chuymtapp).
VI.
chuymjapcchiti
chuymjapcstanti
munafia
Nayaj j jumar jichhajj inas
,
Jumajj nayar jichhajj inas
amuyascti.
janiw amuyascti. munsma
Jiwasajj jupar jichhajj inas
amuyasctanti.
munchista
janiw
,
,
janiw
inuns tan
janiw
tokstam
tokena
Jupajj jumar jichhajj Inas
amuyasctati.
Jiwasanacajj jupanacar jichhajj inas
janiw amuyasipctanti.
,
Nanacajj jumanacar jichhajj inas
amuyasipcti.
Jumanacajj jupar jichhajj inas
amuyasquiti.
,
tokepjjstan
, janiw
tokepjjsma
janiw
tokepjjsta
Jupanacaj j nayar jichhajj inas (chuvmiafia), janiw
amuyascti.
'chuymjapjjchitu
Questions and Answers - Jisceananacampi ivaw sadanacamni
M.
Jumajj nayar inas kollk churchistati?
E.
Jisa, nayajj inas jumar kollk chursma.
M.
Jiwasajj jupar inas pokot wajjestanti7
E.
JMsa, jiwasajj inas pokot wajjestan.
Jupajj jumar inas munstamti?
E.
Jisa, jupajj inas t.ayar munchitu, janiw yatcti.
Jumanacajj inas kollk catuyapcbistati?
E.
Nanacajj inas jumar kollk catuyapjjsma, janiw amtasipcti.
Lk....w.,,,,................12'r-1_.2:..-
Nossaa
N
.a
Halm
-
uopeTdmoo Tula
CCepuuumnr scut aultuu luCparm 1,T3u3splogcluoosTC
'usu. rpouuuu zumnp scut 2ucCoiem .umsgpuslosTC
.2
Cruouuednr smut 3uCCoeuumAn LT3mu3sCputiopuA
'usu. CCupuuudrIC au/Wu scut lufforuumAn naTtiodutioTleA
'N
CCumnr audnp suuT Triol 1,T3u3soArm
.N
4ussr CCukuu scut audtIC
u3solum
'N
Ccedur =uric suuT uuC LT3uu3sosmuC
.a
'usu. rCedric luicuu smut uur -T3n3TposmuC
'N
CpuTpu
a
set!'
.N
4-emum CfucinC aumnr Aostio LTamelintio
.2
soul n3Ttpantip
,1
goapad u3u3 qesoTau0 aupuuumnC
.a
suui -n3T43CCduantio
'N
rCupeuudnr aupuuumnp zuumpuod LT3me3CCdeinip
aukeu cputanc soul uur LT4u4sTvounm
'emTuur ffeiteu aumnf CCutitipTC soot -umsunm
CpumnpuTei aukuu oueo LT3u2sTantp
emsantio
drum cpmulgduantlo
soul 112Ttipprdeingo
outworn.
cpnlappeCTu
N.
fpeouuudnr IB3BUVU
.2
seta me3scCduCTe .
'N
CCupeuesumTr auzuuudnC Trrol cpue3CCduoccum
Tsbn
Suul uulsCcduoCCum
ffedrir
ausemTC
pus:Lao
.a
suui Inasplookem
14
CCesumTr
.2
suui uu3sgmnu
=Inc Cpansum
Ccupeuednr aupeueu
.2
LT4n3sTo6vm
zfluu3Crinu
elgos ouueuTnbT cculleCpTueLedu
sea' smulsCpTuuliedu
Ur/Cum aumnr opium LTzemsoffum
semi .u3spipoCCum
uweN 'uTaulq cpuovuednC ccoausem aukuu LT3n3aCcdemnu
'a
suui melsffdemnu
u3eI 'ozueioi CCuouuumnf aukeu .TI.u4saCCdumnu
soul
umspiumnu
LESSON XXXVII
Dialogue - Cuento
TATA LUCASAJJ CHHIJCHHI JARQ'IR TATAMPIV
PAR&
Tata Lucasajj ma estancianjj jilir jakewa. Jupajj wal llaquisi, cunalay--wcutejj sapa maraw chhijchhejj yapunac apsuwayi.2 iichha marajj Lucasaruu
wact'i chhijchhi jarq'ir thakafiapataqui.3 z a albatasti Lucasajj
jarq'irin utap sari. Uca tatan sutipajj Jaime satanwa.
Lucas:
Tata... tata... mama,.. mama...
Jaime:
Qhitisa?
rayat tata, nayaquIp7 visitasir jutta, v±siteanYmay tata.
aca albat sarnakascta.
Nayaw
J:
Ah, tata Lucasjaracatasa, cunarurac aca albat sarnaktasti:
L:
Ay tata Jaime, juyranacaij wali sumapiniw jichha marajja. UcampL;
tatanacajj wal llaquisipjje. PalUruw jupanacajj tantachasipjjc,
ucatsti chhijchhi jarq'ir tat thalzanan sapjjewa. Jichhajj rayajj
ucaruw jutta, yanapeapjjetay tata Jaime, jumajj yatstajjayno
J:
Ay ucaw tata, nayajj aca urunacajj janiw inUcti, janiw tiempojj
utjquituti, jan ucajj yanaptbasiristwa. Chuquiag sarafiajjawa.
L:
Mira, tat suma, jan uqhamamti.
J:
Ucapi, camacharaquinanisti?
L:
Pasir semanajj chhijchhejj cebad apsuwayi. Wawanacajj wal
wararipjjana, jakenacas ughamaraquiw nin phuchhapjjana waif
arnakasisa --Kollur saram achachila, Lollur saram achadaila -sasina.4
J:
Jisay, nayas uctirojj wal ilawuista. Ughamajj nayaw yanapa?ijama.
Sapaquiw nayajj inciensomp phuchhasta.5 Jakenac munapjjchi
ucqhajja, nayajj yanapeapjjamawa. Cunapechataquirac munapjjesti
L:
Kharayp'utaquiw munapjje, cunanaca alapjjeristjje
J:
Liamp'u, kawra sullu, wanc'u kallunaca, coca, color papela,
alcohola, color t'awra, take ucanaca.6
L:
Waliquiw tata, nayaw take ucanac alt, arumanthpachaw Chuquiag
sararaquY.
J:
Waliquiw uqhMmajj tata Lucasa.
L:
Kawkha yauapirs mungtajj tata?
J:
Quimsakalikon muna tata, paninejj kotaruw phuchhir apani,
paninisti jach'a kolluru, paninejj pamparu, paninisti alayaru.
L:
Uqhanmjj nayaw achica kharayp'utac tata.
7
Waliquiw tata, jichhajj
sara.
J:
Waliquiw tata, jiquisificamay tata.
LESSON XXXVII- Dialogue
NOTES
chhijchhi 'hailstorm'
1
jasqlaiia 'to intercept, impede'
chhijsniisn'iri 'one who is in charge of intercept5ng or preventing
hailstorms'
2 muyafia 'carry off' (in this context,'to ruin')
3
waceafia 'to fall to one's lot'
4
nina 'fire'
phuchhafia (also phichhafia) 'to burn piles of dead grass, etc.'
achachila 'evil spirit' (cf. achila, achachila 'grandfather')
5
incienso (incinso) 'incense'; cf. Spanish incienso.
6
llamp'u 'uncooked llama fat'
kawra sullu 'llama fetus' (cf. sullca 'younger; a minor')
coca (cuca) 'coca'
e
color (culur) papella 'colored paper'
according to an Aymara pattern.)
(Spanish loan words combined
Cf. Spanish construction papel
de color.
color (culur) t'awra 'dyed wool.'
Cf. Spanish construction lana de color.
7 akya a short form for 'north'; also means 'above, over'
The terms for direction are as follows:
'East'
inti-jalsu (lit. 'sunrise'); also ialsu (from jalsufia 'to go
running.')
'West' inti-ialnnta (lit. 'sunset'); also jalanta (from
'to run,
'South' avnach-inti (lit. 'below' + 'sun'); also aynacha
'North' alay tok'e (lit. 'above' + 'direction')
IP
1
427
LESSON XXXVIII
Ouimsa turc quim:eallkonir lecciDnr
Vocabulary - Arunace
ajjsariri
timid()
shy (person)
alcatana (ru)
depositor confianza
en algo
to place confidence in
something or someone
amuyeayana
dar consejos, orientar to advise
(ru)
asqui luedwi
obra buena
good piece of work
casofia
(ru)
ester prudarte
to be prudent
jach'a,jach' tuctiia
enorgullecerse
to become proud
jach'a
tucuna
big
to finish, to become
jan casosir
imprudente
imprudent
liaphi
docile
hacer equivocar
error
to cause one to make
a mistake
mistake
take chuyma
de buena voluntad
of good will
ylikata
respetar
to respect
pantjayana
(ru)
pantjata
(ru)
Grammar - Suma parlanatagui
1.
Future dubitative with pronominal objects
endirgs are attached to he
verb stem:
'I'
to
'you'
you
-chima
'him!
-chi(= 1st sing. future dubitative)
'you' (pl.)-(vpii)-chYma
'them'
Iv you'
to
1
me 1
'him'
(V = infinitive stem
vowel)
-chi (= 1st sing. future dubitative)
-chitilta
-chMta (= 2nd sing. future dubita,tive)
'us' (pl.) -(Vpii)-chitUta
'them'
-chita (= 2nd sing. future dubitative)
'he'
to
'me'
-chitani
'you'
791TUA
428
LESSON XXXVIII - Grammar
'him'
-chini
(= 3rd sing. future dubitative)
'us'(dual) -stani
'us'(dual pl.) - (Vpjj) -stani
'us'(p1.)
'you' (pl.)-(V0i)-chitpa
'we' (dual) to
'them'
-(Vgji)-chini (= 3rd plural future
dubitative)
'him'
-chiani (= 1st dual future dubitative)
'we' (dual pl.) to
'we' (pl.)
to
'them'
-(Vpjj)*-chiani (=1st dual (pl.)
future dubitative)
'him'
-(Vpij)-chin ni (= 1st dual plural
future dubitative)
'them'
-(Vpii)-chiani (= 1st dual plural
future dubitative)
'you'
-012iiimshYma
'him'
-(yhjj)-chi (= 1st plural future
dubitative)
'you' (pl.)-(VpjA)-chYma
'you' (p1.) to
'them'
-(Vpjj)-chi (= 1st plural future
dubitative)
'me'
-(ypij)-chitHta
'him'
-(Vpij)-chYta (= 2nd pl. future
dubitative)
'us' (p1.) -(V0i)-chitgta
'them'
'they'
to
-(Vpij)-chYta (= 2nd pl. future
dubitatIJc)
'me'
'you'
-0/0:0-chtna
'him'
-(Vp1j)-chini (= 3rd pl. future
dubitat:Ive.)
'us'(dual) -(V0i)*-stani
'us'(dual pl.)
-(Vpjj)-stani
'us' (pl.) -(Vpjj)-chitani
'you' (pl.)-(Vpjj)-chitoa
'them'
(2 2rd plural fut/:.;:e
dubilatli7e)
4 9 r)
LESSON XXXVIII - Grammar
Negative forms require the insertion of the discoutinuous infix
with jja:
lasAlisacch2nati.
The plural infix in the negative is -Voc-
where V = the infinitive stem vowel):
III.
janajdsviati.
Forms with the suffix -iii- may function both as nouns and adjectives:
e.g.
ImpanastijAnyAlILEAgstriaREELI.
'They are not respected people.'
Imonacajj jach'a jach' tucur lakenacapiitalm.
IV.
'They are proui
people.'
asqui lurall. 'good piece of work'
-Vwi (V = infinitive stem vowel) primarily indicates place where the
action takes place (cf. Crammar.
,
Lesson. XYXI;.
A second meaning
custom or habit of doing the action:
e.g.
anatawi 'place to place, habit of playing.'
Finally, -Vwi, in a few cases, seiveb to form a passive participe
(-ta is far more productive in this capacity)';
lurawi
'done, made'
2E.IL1247ipa
'his education, Instru,:tion'
A.
Nayajj jupar inas jakonucchi.
L.
Nayajj jupar inas jakonucchi.
M.
jupajj nanacar
E.
Jupajj nanacar inas jakonucupjjchitani.
A.
jumajj nanacar
E.
Jumajj nanacar inas jakonucupjjchitata.
M.
azot'ipjjchittta
E.
Jumajj nanacar inas azoeipjjchitgta.
M.
E.
vTiwasanacajj jupanacar inas azoeipjjehingni.
M.
nayajj jumanacar
E.
I:ayajj jumanacar inas azoeipjjchNa.
M.
lupajj jumanacar
0E17
mossal IIIAXXX - uoT2nlpscinS ITTaa
ccedni aupeuumnp smut edlpioccdTslozm
N
edlyloppdelesPe
Ppednf aeoeuumnc seuT sudapoccdulescce
.N
Ueoeueu auouuumnp
CfeDeueN aeoeuemnp spuT .emplorpeausrce
'N
ffeoeuetunp avoeueu
cruovuumni avoeueu smut sulnaTtioppeaescp
N
fTesumTf audnr
.a
cCusenTr audnc smut °TunuTtpaescpe
'N
2umn TuRuppleuau
*a
ccusutaTr audnc seuT Temn
`N
rcepeuednC ae3eueu
.3
rpeoeuedni aeoeueu suuT lumn Tue2ploccduAeuau
'N
Cpednp avAuu
am
qednr avAeu smut 2emn °TuelTimuule
ppeSum armnp seuT Ppanautm -emyloskep
'a
cpageg aumnC scut Ccoanaeqx iumplosAup
-N
[Ter:Inc
aeoeueu
pedni aeorueu seuT
i4
eTunuTtioNeuae
ffoanaexpi TuvaTtiocCdpskeC
CCepeuedng aypeuemnp
ppeoeuednr avoeuemng seuT Cfoanaum .me2plopplesliec
pCuelem mulivloppeleore
Cpeoeuednr aeoeuemnp seuT ffuvaem .m.e2414aCcdelene
14
cCepeuesemg aeoeued4
-a
Ue3euesemu aupeuednp smut Crueaem TuRuTtioffde2epie
cpukeu aupeuumnp
-a
ffekeN aypeuemnr seuT CCueaem symylocCdeTene
'N
cpeolnc
-a
qudnf araeuem4
lg
ffunanose seuT ud4yloccdulalA
-a
rrminf aeoeuemq !:cueTenose seuT .ed2zgarpenflA
g
crepeueu aeoeuemnr
-a
fpoutlem aupullemnf crucIanaso seuF ..emagarrdunN4
aupeuemnp
ccueaem, seuT --ed2isqaccdelepie
421
LESSON XXXVIII - Substitution Dell
M.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
Jumanacajj nanacar escuelanjj inas ygkapjjchitgta.
M.
jiwasajj jupar
E.
Jiwasajj jupar escuelanjj inas yUkchifigni.
M.
fiieut mururchingni
E.
Jiwasajj jupar escuelanjj inas fiic'ut mururchifigni.
M.
jupanacajj nanacar kharayp'ojj
E.
Jupanacajj nanacar kharayp'ojj iras escuelanjj fiic'ut mururapjjchitani.
M.
jupaj j nayar
E.
Jupajj nayar kharayp'ojj inas escuelanjj nic'ut mururchitani.
M.
Nayajj jupar inas jan yanapcchYti.
E.
Nayajj jupar inas jan yanapcchiti.
M.
jupajj nanacar
E.
Jupajj nanacar inas jan yanapapcchitaniti.
M.
jumajj nanacar
E,
Jumajj nanacar inas jan yanapapcchitgtati.
M.
cuchill mayeapcchitgtati
E.
Jumajj nanacar loos jan chuchill mayeapcchitgtati,.
N.
E.
Jiwasanacajj jupanacar inas jan cuchill mayeaucchifigniti.
M.
nayajj jumanacar
E.
Nayajj jumanacar inas jan cuchill mayeapcchYmati.
M.
jupajj jumanacar
E.
Jupajj jumanacar inas jan cuchill mayeancchYtamti.
M.
asc lorapcchitamti
E.
Jupajj jumanacar inas jan asc lurapcchYtamti.
N.
nenacajj jumaracar
E.
Nanacajj jumanacar inas jan asc lurapcchYmati.
M.
jumanacajj nanacar
E.
Jumanacajj nanacar inas jan asc lurapchitgtati.
M.
jiwasajj jupar
E.
Jiwasajj jupar inas jan asc lurnchifigniti.
H.
take chuym alcatcelifigniti
ZVI
NOSSTI IIIAXXX - uoT4n4T3sqns
luau
pfesemf iednr seuT uvr alel
a
rpovuednc
T4TuRyT4polvore
aeoutleu
'a
Cceoeuednr avoeueu suuT
14
CcednC avAeu
cCednr aeAvu seuT uer
14 -
mAntio
aNe4 micrap
tzeC
0)1E44
mAntia
Tnuelppodelexce
L
T4Tue4Ttrap3ene
cCeAeN aednC seuT uer mns -TlimpAvilAnme
CceAvN avdriC seuT ueC mns TlisqopAvilAnme
Cpednp avoeueu
'a
ppednr avoeueu seuT uvC mns .T4Tuv3ploodvAvoAnme
-11
cCepeuemnp avoeueu
ppeovuumnr aeprueu seuT
C ue
-14
avolo
14
CpuovuesemTp avoeued4
'a
CCepeuesemTr avoeuednp seuT
mns .TleapploodeAvilAnme
Tlelpppodevuie
preovuemni AVOEUVU seuT walla mAngo ueC .T4v4H3Tgoode4euie
mAntio Imp
allostio mAntio
uvp sT3TuRuppodelvuie
ppeAvu xepeuemnp
ppeAvn avoeuemnp seuT avitio mAntio uvp sTlemAquodelemie
14
CpudnC avoeuemnp
pCudnr avovuemnp seuT
op amp
mAntio uLC
°T4mezypode4euxe
uep Tnbsv 4vCCovuTmilinT TamentloodeAT4vA
sa
CCednr avoeuemnp seuT urP
N
geovueu aupeuemq
Tase lepCovuTmninT .T4melypodvAT4vA
Cpeoeuvm avoeuemnp seuT uep Tnbse leCppeuTmHanT .T4vmyloodeAT4vA.
Cpuovuemnp avoeuvu
Cprovuemnr avovueu seuT ueC
Tase TeppovuTmRInT
T3v4N4Ttl3odeATIRA
14
ppesumTC audnC
a
presemu iednr seuT uep -mine 48CCoeuTmHani T4TuBuTtiozAT4vA
deA peleuvani
muguppoppe
oulevani .T4TuRuppoppe
ea
CCesemTr audnp smuT uec
a
Cpeovuednp avaeuvu
prepeuedni lepeueu smuT uvC deA peleuvanI T4TuulTtp3deDpipe
14
CrednC IvAvu
.a
ppedni leAvu seuT
treC
deaf
T
deA ovqvueanT T3TuV1Ttpoppe e
Nossari IIIAXXX - uoT7013TIsqnS TIT:a
CCoinium CCeAeu seuT iednc xqpzesCre
rce4uu.CCoinauqx
seT
iedric %-vioaesCce
creprueu aydnr
proinarqx ccupeueu seuT audnc wipprdexescce
uec
Ccoglieqx crupeueu sent uec iedric .TaBoodelescre
irolnivu
seat urC eT3r3N3Tqoodearsfra
ccoailieqx lCemnp avoeueu
Tle41.11.Tupode,ideUeA
Ccoanaeqx ffemng scut 4eavueu
C uE
-T4a4R3modeildeue4
ccoandanc crepauessmTr aeoeuednc
ppoindinr CcepauesamTp arpeuednr seuT Cer .TaTupploodeodeueA
TupploppeodeueA
Ccoandanr crepeuesemTg arovuednc sauT 2TuNuTqaccdpi4deuel.
'N
rceAeu aezeuemnp
rcoandinr cracteu aeoeuemric scut -emIT4cda,3dareA
"N
rcadric
a
'N
croand;nr rgedni avommunc scut .mul.wpi:cdealdeuW:
elsaqd uoram Arran seat ue44qopCdainqo
'a
Croladinr CCedn; :momlemur scut exseqd
'N
frueivir ccepeueu aypeuemnp
62,r
[Tue.xell
isoruwwng
uoium InTox
.1.13.elpprplainqo
Ueoeueu avaeuemq seuT elsaqd uoITTm %um' useazqoUdainvo
uer
uomm
14 .
ffueieN cCepaueu aypeuemq seuT
fcypeuednC ABOVUEU
.a
ucruum
CcuriaN Creaeuedric aupeueu seuT uac exsaqd
.a
use:
misaqd
:11-p=i
Tleurpozdeantp
Arm.
-Tqozduanqo
T4Tuel
'11
PresamTp iedriC
a
qtre.rqvi
rcesemTP aedric seuT uuC elsaqd
uorum
)1-awl qp sT4TuRuppoan
LESSON XXXVIII
churana
Inas nayajj jumar kollk
churchima
Inas nayajj jupar kollk
churchY
Inas nayajj jumanacar kollk
churapj j chima
Inas nayajj jupanacar kollk
churchl
may t
6
ana
Inas jumajj nayar kollk
mayOchitHta
Inas jumajj jupar kollk
mayttchita
Inas jumajj nanacar kollk
mayeapjjchiata
Inas jumajj jupanacar kollk
mayechYta
yanapafia
Jupajj inas nayar yap luran
-
yanapchitani
Jupajj inas jumar yap lurafi
yanapchitpa
Jupajj inas jupar yap lurafi
yanapchini
Jupajj inas jiwasar yap lurafi
yanapstani
Jupajj inas jiwasanacar yap luran
yanapapjjstani
Jupajj inas nanacar yap luraii
yanapapjjchitani
Jupajj inas jumanacar yap luran
yanapapjjchitpa
Jupajj inas jupanacar yap luran
yanapapjj chini.
ircataria
Jiwasajj inas jupar juchapat
ircatchiflani
Jiwasajj inas jupanacar juchapat
ircatchifigniarcatal,-
jjchiani
Jiwasanacajj inas jupar juchapat
ircatapjjchiani
Jiwasanacajj inas jupanacar juchapat
ircatapjjchiani
laysafia
Nanacajj inas jumar
jaysapjjchYma
Nanacajj inas jupar
jaysapjjchY
Nanacajj inas jumanacar
jaysapjjchima
Nanacajj inas jupanacar
jaysapjjchi
NOSS37 IIIAXXX
ulTandmoD mac(
ruaynuoilFr
ppypeuemnr suuT arAvu
e42Tqappdnanuollep
ppeoeuemnr seuT aednp
ezLpfpdnonuollef
pPeoeuemnr seuT aeaeueu
p4ITTqoppdmnuollep
ppepeuemnr seuT aeoeuydnp
ylypprdflonuollep
E4T140ZE
ppeavuudnr seuT aeiteu
ppeoeuednr
strut
.../.
aemnp
TuellTqlppdToozu
edayloppdTs4oze
ppepeuedni sum; aednp
TuppppdTs4oze
pprosuedu seuT aesemTp
-ccdTt3ozeiTue4ssloze
Tue4s
ppepeuednf SBUT 1V3211VSVMTP
TuelsppdTooze
MIT XRDEUEU
pPeoeuedu MIT avosmemq
raulTqoppeTslon.
ppeaeuedu suuT avoeuednC
Tuppr:dTsgoze
pproeuednr
ed.listpppdTs4oze
yueausqe
seui ppeAeu aemng uep
pauTgazaysppy
seyi ppeAeu aydnf uep
T47,twaasppe
seta ppekeu lepeumnp uuP
TTemwodeaecppy
sell/
Tlistmassppe
ppeAeu aepeuednp uep
eUETA112
seu/ ppemnp ayAuu C uE 3emn
TTe4114Tgooleuxe
seui ppemnr aednp uep Temn
sell/ Ppemnp avoeueu Imp Temn
Tle341374euay
sell/
ppemnp aupeued4
Tier
Temn
ITe3R2Tgo-Jde4uuly
TTe4Ntioodelleuau
U4V133STL
sEUI ppednP
aeAula tier -----
T3Tue4TtiozaTzsTp
seui ppednp
lump
T3edlyp000sTP
tier
T4TupposlosTp.
sEUI ppednp aydnp uep
sell/
T3TuelsosTosTp
ppednp ausemTp uep
seui Ppednp avoeuusymTp
soul cpEcinc aeoeueu imp
tier
mus4spdps43sTp.
muelppodyslosTp
9E47
NOSSH1 IIIAXXX -
uoTmdmoD TTTia
seu/ Credne /sometime use
-plue4yods,43sTr
suul Cesdne isocuedne use
T1TuTtioglosTc
sue.mAntip
ssui eresume iedne use
T1TuEuTtp3rm1ntip
mu/
CessemTe isomedne use
/T4TuRuppodurmAntio
T4TuRuppormAntio
sell/
resoeussumTr amine uee
TaTuRuppodefwAnqo
sett/
CesomessmTe isomedne use
T1TuNuppodurmAntio
eires4XeS
fecoeucti suuT use /mune
pemstooduslass
CesomeN seuT use ardne
Tlypodeoass
Cesomum suuT use isomemnf
Tvmpoodsolus
CesomeN seuT uur isomsdne
pploodsoiss
sus4stps
resomemnr suuT use 1s4eu
TzellimoodeTerpu
.
T12341130du4ucc1e
Cesomemnr seuT uur ledne
eeposumunf seuT UBc
pe4R4T1133dulucc1r
imuusu
ccie Tau4ppodul1
ersoeumunf scut use imeuednr
euekellusd
Cesomedni seuT use av4eu
T4Tue4Tpods6erausd
rempuednf seuT use ismnr
Tuis4vmdeAsr3ued
CCuosuudnf seuT use assmiTe
-luedimuulsolisraued
muu4sodeltep
Ceeosuudnf suuT use ispeuessmTe
mus4sodukerausd
resomsdnr sent use imuusu
;:4Tus2Tippds1urlued
Cesomednr seuT uee immemne
TwulppodeAsplued
resomednr seuT uer
T/TuppodeAsplued
aupylludnp
rreAuN seuT isdnr 124 oluem 4(sgs44[4um)
rralmkeTsum nsaAnr usC -T4Tnbr4n
rrumnr sent isdnr isdnr usr glum MI:pot:Tem)
prelnpAsTeuno meiATIC uur -T4Tnbr4n
rpsdni ssuT avAell usf CpanoAsTsunAsus4err1s)
prednr TOuTT smalur
rrssumTr seuT isdnr
rCednr nem
C
us Xeue4s1.4e) cagnoAsTuuno
1.
437
LESSON XXXVIII - Completion Drill
ybkapcchidziniti
Jiwesanacajj inas jupanacar jan (ybkana),cuna-,
laycutejj jupanacajj jach'a jach' tucur jakenacawa
Nanacajj inas jumar jan (72.1aticunalaycutejj
jumajj jach'a jach' tucur jaatawa.
ygkapcchYmati
Jumanacajj inas jupar jan (achicafia),cunalaycutejj jupajj jan casosir jaket7a.
achicapechitati
Jupanacajj inas nanacar jan (achicana),cunalaycutejj jupanacajj jan ygkasir jakenacawa.
achicapcchitaniti
Fayajj jumar inas (yakada), cunalaycutejj lurgwimajj asquiwa.
ylakchTma
Jumajj jupar inas (ygkana), cunalaycutejj lurgwipajj asquiwa.
ygkchYta
Jiwasajj jupanacar inas (alcatafia), cunalaycutejj
jupanacan kollkepajj utjiwa.
alcatchifigni
Jiwasanacajj jupar inas (alcatafia), cunalaycute3j
jupan utapajj jach'awa.
alcatapjjchifigni
Nanacajj jumar inas (pantigyafia),cunalaycutejj
nanacajj pisi chuyma jakenacgpjjtva.
pantjayapjjchYma
jumanacajj nayar inas (antayani),cunalaycutejj
punt:;ayapjjchLtace
jumanacajj jach'a j ach' tucur jakenacgpjjtawa.
Jupanacajj jumanacar inas (casoria),cunalaycutefj
jupanacajj jan ajjsarir jakenacawa.
casopjjchMtpa
Kharlirojj inas nayajj jumar kollk (c)lurana).
churchMma
KhaArojj inas jumajj nayar kollk (chvrana).
churchitata
Jurptirojj inas jiwasajj jupanacar usupat (kollana) kollchifigni
Jurptirojj inas jupajj nayar usujjat (kollaia).
kollchitani
Nazanjj inas jiwasanacajj jupanacar (mTaulija).
yanapapjjchifigni
Maranjj inas nanacajj jumanacar (yanarapa) .
yanapapjjchima
Kharayp'ojj inas jumanacajj nayar (arijatafia).
arjjatapjjchitgta
Kharayplojj inas jnpanacajj jumar (arilatana).
arjjatapjjchMtpa
Questions and Answers - Jisct!.afianacatni iyaw safianagampi
N.
Nanacajj inas jumar jakonucupchMmati?
E.
nsa, jumanacajj inas nayar jakonucupealtgta.
N.
Inas nayajj jan jupar ajjsarchMti?
E.
Jisa, inas jumajj jupar.ajjsarchMta.
MOM
IIIAXXX - pue.suoTasanb s;:rmsuv
Si.17
ATM
.a
'14
.3
suui ppuAeu audnp
LT3Illoang3
gun'. suui ppumnp audnp I1101 133Ploantio
soul pPumnp avAuu 1TToN z-prelnlItizslAem
gusu suui quAuu aumnp ATToN .emppolum
PpusumTr suui ludutionp olTunuTtpleoaT
ppusumTr suui audnp ludegonp .TuRuTtioquoaT
ppeouuuN suui aupuuumnp olumwoppdusAup
'user pcuouuumnp suui auouuuu 6e4n4TtiopPdesApP
suui pPednf uup LpTuulTtio3433sTp
soul ppudnp aumnp uup TledlictposlosTc
suui Ppuouuudnp uep aludlwpollosTp
suui PPuaeuudnp uup aukeu .T3TuelppollosTP
rponanauu suui ppukeu aemnp Irrox LTqumpoantio
ppoanauqx sour ppumnp avAuu x1[0.4 "03R4Twantio
ppoandanr suui ppudnp auAuu quiPpnsn LT1TuulpprEoA
pPoandanr suui ppudnp aumnp ludnsn *13(1141.13TI0X
u4uy gsoTau0 %TVA OlumsulT0Aum
suui umiitiollArm
guluy ppumnp ulul aoppd eAutib puuTtIonqb cpumsuptu
suui g4tiopTe muaTuup spoquA
uquy goapaa uumuzurrno duouuousu aukeu LurpumsulTPTe
suui gumplopre sTdmuon mTuup .floquA
fpuovuudnr audnp duA muanT 6TludsuppduduuuA
Saul -Tuploppdaduue4
a.
14
gAeluy dmumnp PPadmeAuu ausoTauD ludutionp 04TunuulupaT
suui TunupplupaT
gumuN ppuouuumnP auouuuu zTlemselsaCpusAup
.N
.3
.3
.3
*TA
.3
.a
'N
a.
.11
.a
.N
.a
.3
.a
.umictioppdusAtip
a
a
a
ppudnr uzmutiou3ual aupuua4up cpudsuausppu
suui sTuTtpausppr
umeN 6usaan ppeAuu aumnP zp.dmsTaTsAuc
suui uuP TqulnlpposAup
ppuouuednr auouuuu oluum ou2uPPumum LT4Tuulappdvantio
suui uup .T1mulypoduantio
ppuouuusumTr auouuednp ipTunuuppdupipemAntio
suui C ua .T4TunimpodePtiouwAntio
quouuumnr auouuuu ppoanautm lumn cpulnqappduyivuau
suui uup T1nm4qoppluuau
N
a
Ppuouuadnr uuTaud auovuesemTp 03TuulsrPduATsupquud
suui Imp .T4TuelsodTsuPluud
.a
.N
N
anSoreTa
oquanD
rrvuomoa NH aHHOVIIIHD
mina zmulsn
ITIOX
Ithsa
sun
:aovoa
guTey
mqnsa
&v gulel znsn gnqnquo mTuup sTdmuuno T1TnbnurepuTsunol
:fa
seqbmuo gmulsn lTsTau
:n
riaTH guaoloop
mnqbn ;u1.44e
g,ntplo
ppuXuu
umumsTaTuox
.uAulTsuorrox suppeovuumum svccumaum Tram
mTnbuaTuef Tqn4Tnbdepqn Auem
mulTnbuTT 'appdeleuars
oeuum ilTnbeqvuTsuTu
LESSON XXXVIII - Dialogue
Cuuapachats uqhgmatajja?
U:
Pasir phajjsiw yungas sarta, ucat walja kokanac taypiruW mantta,
nayajj wal,ajjsargygta, ucat ma jamach'iw sustjitu, ucat p'ekejj
wal usutu.°
Thalaytamti
U:
.1:!:
5
?7
Jfs doctora, wal thalayitu, camgcharaquYsti?
Ay ucawa, jan llaquisimt tata, waliquiscatawa, kollajj aca usutaquejj
utjiwa. Jichhajj jumaw amtiyeasifiamajja, aca utarnant kollayasifi
munta, jan. ucajj Chuquiaguruch saran munpmajja?8.
Amparam ayasinim chhg, venat liamcedma.' CuerTon ustamti?
U:
Takpach cuerpow usut tata, janiw ch'amajj ucjquituti.10 JumaquYy
kolleasitajj doctora, tuna ovej qhdrits churjjgmawa.
D:
Quinina sutin koll umafiamawa, ue_hamaraquiw sapa mg ur quipat mg
inyeccion uchayasifiama, waliquiti?il
J.
Kawkhas inyeccionanacajj cuesti?
D:
Janiw car3quiti, ucampis jumatejj waliptafi mun.7;tajja, kollanac
alasifiamawa.
U.
D:
Waliquiw tata. Ovejajjajj pheskaquiwa, nayajj uca ovejanac aljg
kollanac alasifintaqui. JA's tata, waliquiwa. Inyeccionataquejj wal
ajjsart doctora, janit koilac umirista?14
Waliptafi munstajja, koll umafinmawa, ughamaraqui inyeccion uchayasifiamaw,:.,
jan ucanacampejj janiw waliptcasmati."
U:
Uqhgmajj uchayasicchgjjaya, yanapt'aquitay doctcra, koli doctora.
D,
Jichhajj aca koilac umegta, arumanthiw inyeccion uchgma.
U:
Waliquiw doctora, arumanthejj suygmawa.
14
15
Jichhajj aca and botell quinin koll jaytawaygma, sapa l hora pasipan
pg kol umantgta, jan armasisa, ucatarac armasiscasrda.16
U:
Janiw armaecgti, nayajj waliptaiijjay munstjja.
Dt
Sarawayjjg tata, arumanthiw jutg.
U:
Ay yuspagar doctora, arumenthiw suygm doctora.
440
LESSON XXXVIII
NOTES
1
chhuichhu 'malaria'
2
alyf.:.ofia 'to moan, groan'
3
usuw catutu 'the illness has seized me'
ianiw hollgailiEguiti 'there's nothing frith which to cure myself'
4
Hill 'please'
-Leitalwa.ri wall llaquitaw 'my children and my wife are very
Wawanacajias
dejected!
and'. The -sa...-sa may also be translated as 'and'
-sa...-sa 'both
(and as such synonymous with -mpi); -sa...-sa differs from
in emphasizing the separateness of the units being joined. Cf. the use
of -sa to denote a count noun mentioned above.
Note that the passive participle llaquitaw (likeadjectives and nouns)
need not agree with its subject in number. (The plural may be formed
by either the nominal or verbal pluralizing infix: -ta + naca or
-pjja + ta: e.g., jutatanacama or jutapjjatama 'your arrival'.)
5
Cunapachats ughgataija? 'Since when have you been like this?'
6
yalia kokanac taypiruw mantta 'I entered into the midst of many trees'.
taypi 'middle,centee
susufia 'to hover (of a bird)'
7
thalayafia 'to shake (out)'; thalafia 'to shake, jolt'
8
Chuquiaguruch 'or to La Paz': the interrogative suffix -cha frequently
has the meaning of 'or' and may be attached to all parts of speech (with
elision of the final vowel), including negative lard (without elisLon):
e.g. Yapumaji luratat ,janicha? 'Are your fields worked or not?'
Cunch munta? '(Or) what do you want?' (= 'Do you want something?')
Nuntat janicha? 'Do you want it or not?'
The expression 'or...or' is rendered in Aymara by repetition of -cha:
e.g. Umcha vincha muntajja? 'Do you want water or wine?'
9
aytaina 'to raise'
vena (wina) 'vein'; cf. Spanish vena.
111 ch'ama 'strength'
11 quinina 'quinine'; cf. Spanish quinina.
sutin koll 'the medicine's name'
quipet 'in turn': from quiptafia'to (re)turn'
inyeeciona (inticasiona) 'injection', cf. Spanish invecci6n.
from uehafia 'to put'.
uchayafia 'to have taken':
12 Inyeccionataqueij wal alisart 'I'm very scared of injections'.
The use of -taqui with the verb ajisafia seems to be equivalent to
the use of the suffix -ru (the latter may be modeled on Spanish
tengo miedo a).
may be attached tr.
13 waliptafia 'to get better'. The verbal suffix
nouns and adjectives to form a verb stem with the meaning 'to
e.g. llamptu 'smooth, soft, mild' / llamptuptafia 'to become sct-0
uma 'water' / umaptafia 'to become water(y)'
mojjsa 'sweet, savoury' / molisapcafia 'hot bc,come r-anelt'
LESSON XXXVIII - NOTES
14
koli 'please'
15
umt'Uta 'you will drink': .=.t'a- implies an action circumscribed in
time or space.
16
botella (nutilla) 'bottle.; cf. Spanish betella,
nasipan: on verbs with the suffix -Apar:IL cf. grammar, lesson XXVI.
ucacarac armasiscasma 'take care lest you forget'.
LESSON XXXIX - Quimsa tunc llUtuncanir lecciona
precio compra
price; purchase
mercado pequefio
small market
anaquipaila
llevar rebafio de un
lado a Qitro
to more the herd from one
place to another
synokafia
poner (objetos largos) to put down (large objects)
ala
ala pata
enojarse
(Spanish c5lera 'anger')
colerasifia (culirasifia)
to ?get mad
chicachasifia
unirse
to join
chulluchafia
remojar
to ti: et, soak
eknokafia
poner (objetos flexibles)
ichjjllsifia
toner en los Brazos
to cradle
jakoquipafia
cambiar de lado
to turn over
janiraqui
tampoco
ror, neither
4arifia
levar
to pick up
jathjafia
pesar
to weigh
jiwarayafia
matar a muchos
junt'uchasifiaWru)
calentarse
to kill a great deal; one
by one
to warm oneself
juri
mojado
wet
jurichasifia
mojarse
to get wet
jurparmanthi
ayer por la mafiana
yesterday morning
to put down (soft objects)
(also ichufia)
LESSON XXXIX - Vocabulary
kora
hierba
grass
liwinucufia
hacer caer
(liwifia 'to fling')
to cause to fall
maysajjata
al revgs
the other way around
sutiyana
dar nombre, bautizar
to name, baptize
tiempo (timpu)
tiempo
time
tumpeafia
hecharse de menos
to miss
thaquichniia
hacer camino
to build a road
tharufia
aporcar
to weed and turn over the soil
eurufia
comer tostado; roar
to eat toasted beans; to
gnaw, chew
ucatarac, ucatraqui
cuidado
be careful, take care
ufiachayafia
mostrar
to show
ufiaquipana
mirar a ambos lados
to look to both sides
Wistaria
aparecer
to appear
wafiachasifia
secarse
to dry oneself, off
wafisufia
secar
to dry
echar
(cf. wayanucufia (ru), lesson XXXVII)
waranucufia
to throw out
Grammar - Sumaparlafiataqui
I. Permissive mood: to express the notion 'then,
I'll
' or 'let
then', permissive endings are attached to the verb stem for the
2nd and 3rd persons, followed by the compound suffix -242E; the 1st
person singular, dual,
and plural are identical to the
future
1
sarffsaya
sarafisa a
sarapi
a
a a Lrinjiks am_a
2
saramsaya
s arapj 1 amsaya
3
sarpasaya
sarinif2q.part
LESSON XXXIX -- Grammar
Endings:
(future)
(=future,
(=future)
(= future)
-am-
-am-
-217
e.g. Nayajj sarasaya,'I'll go then; let me go then'.
Jutir maraj j naysi j uca yapu tayp thaouichasaya
'Newt year let me build a read across that field'
Aca k'afiunac payaji waranuclisava
'Let me throw out the
garbage'
Nardi aca arad aca chekar aynokasava 'Let me leave this
Mow here'
II. Ucatarac 'be careful' is followed by the optative mood, which expresses
a wish. The optative is formed from the infinitive stea plus -c-,
followed, by personal endings. (Ebbing and 'Rudimentos list alternative
forms for the optative.) The optative is very similar to the potential/
conditional present which is given alongside for comparison.
(positil,a)
Note the identity of the dual plural/form. Cf. also discussion of
potential/ conditional present and the optative after anchaciLI.Lt ia
lesson XXVIII.
Positive optative
1
saraquirista
saracsna
sarapijsna
mmtiaallisiEtg.
2
EamslEisma
sarapijaquisma
saraiztiaqtzista+
3 lAan2422a
pasitimmleatial/ conditional
1
sarirista
2
sarasma
3
sarasaa
sarsna
resent
sarapjjsna
ggaRiiSsma
sareptiama
In the negative optative, -c- is removed from the verb and attached
either to lard.- (to form janic) or to the adverb which -introduces
the optative clause: ucatarac jan...; -ti is attached to the verb
endings.
111116111iliaMbilrairshie0011111111
LESSON XXXIX - Grammar
444
Negative optative
sariristti
1
sarsnati
sarapjjsnati
sarapjjeristii
sarismati
sarapjjasmati
3 sarimasi
sarapijaspati
2
Etagt;ntia./corlit-tional present
sarquiristti
1
sarcsnati
sarapcsnati
sarapouiristti
2
sarcasmati
sarapcasmati,
3
sarcaspati
sarapcaspati
e.g. Ucatarac alaii jan tatiassaszati 'Be careful that there
isn't any on sale'
III. -quipan (-qui + pan) 'having
'
is attached to verb sterns
to form a present active participle:
e.g. Navajj tiemp utiquipan mU rat waw ichiigsisava 'Having a
moment's time, let me cradle the child in my arms'
IV. Word derivation.
(a) Nouns and adjectives may be used as verbs through th3 addition
of the suffix -chafia (cf. also lesson XXIX):
thaqui 'road' /Iltagaila 'to build a road'
junt'u 'hot' / iuneuchafia 'to make hot, warm'
,juri 'wet' / jurichafia 'to wet'
wafia 'dry' / wafiachafia 'to dry (off)'
The reflexive infix precedes the infinitive ending:
junt'uchasifia 'to get warm'
imrichasina 'to get wet'
wafiacb.14.ifia 'to get dry'
(b)
vel-al in
before the infinitive ending indicates
cample0on of the action, often with the notion of disengagement
from the action:
warafia 'to throw' / waranucufia '.co throw out'
liwifia 'to fall' / liwinuevfia 'to cause to fall (and leave)'
antutafia 'to let lor.se, unfasten' /
'to let free
(aad leavc)'*
*(In verb stems with more than two syllables, the infinitive sten
vowel is elided.)
.
ralhara.I.
4'45
(c) The verbal infix -iigsi- inserted after Cie-verb St_MI E:.-
phasizes the prolangeticn cf the action:
ichufia 'to. carry in one's arms' / ichligsifia 'to cradle in
one's arms (for a while)'
(d) The verbal infix -ra- following the infinitive stem connotes
distribution of the action: 'to
one by one, all over';
-ra- precedes other suffixes:
liwafia 'to die'/ jimaiia 'to kill' / liwarayefia 'to kill
one by one, all over'
miatufia 'to leave' / misturafia 'to leave one by one'
fiusafia 'to rot' / fiusarafia 'to rot throughout'
(e) The compound infix -quipa- preceding the infinitive ending
implies that the action is carried out from two sides, or in
two directions:
ufiiafia
'to look' / ufiaouipafia 'to look to both sides'
tharuia 'to weed' / tharuquipafia 'to turn over the soil'
jakofia 'to throw, hurl' / jakoouipaia 'to turn over'
The infix may also denote action through or along:
jalgia 'to run' / jalaguipafia 'to walk along, pass by'
thokoiia 'to dance' /1htsmialill 'to jump on top of somthi-ag'
avisafia 'to advise' r ayisliaLmil 'to advise from one tc the
*(In verb stems with more than two syllables, the infinitive
stem vowel is elided.)
M. Nayajj arumenthejj yap lurasaya.
E. Nayajj arumanthejj yap lurtisaya.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj arumantheij yap lurpasaya.
M. nanacajj
E. Nanacajj arumanthejj yap lurapjjgsaya.
M. Pablon utap ufiachayapjjgsava
E. Nanacajf arumanthejj Pablon utap ufiaehayapjjgraya.
446
LESSON XXXIX - Substitution Drill
N. jumanacajj kharayp'ojj
E. Jumanacajj kharayp'ojj Pablon utap ufiachayapjjamsaya.
M. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj kharayp'ojj Pablon utap ufiachayapjjpasaya.
M. ch'ufi chulluchapjjpasaya
E. Jupanacajj kharayp'ojj ch'ufi chulluchapjjpasaya.
M. jiwasajj jutir semanajj
E. Jiwasajj jutir semanajj ch'ufi chulluchafignisaya.
M. jupajj
E. Jupajj jutir semanajj ch'ufi chulluchpasaya.
M. Marian wawap sutiypasaya
E. Jupajj jutir semanajj Marian wawap sutiypasaya.
M. nanacajj maranjj
E. Nanacajj maranjj Marian wawap sutiyapjjgsaya.
jiwasanajj
E. Jiwasanacajj maranjj Marian wawap sutiyapjjgsaya.
M. ninar juneuchasipjjafignisaya
E. Jiwasanacajj maranjj ninar juneuchasipjjafillnisaya.
M. nayajj
E. Nayajj maranjj ninar juneuchasYsaya.
M. Naya.:j kha-'rojj wallpa-lac aljgsaya, ucatarac alajj jan utjascaspati.
E. Nayajj kha...:rojj x;ollpz,;aac aljgsaya, ucatazac
ja-1 utjascaspati.
N. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj khargrojj wallpanac aljapjjamsaya, ucatarac alajj jan
utjascaspati.
N. jupanacajj jan wal aljasipcaspati
E. Jupanacajj kharilrojj wallpanac aljapjjpasaya, ucatarac jan wal
aljasipcaspati.
Z.
- SuLsc.ituzior ^l ill
447
M. arumanthejj yap tharupjjpasaya
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj yap tharupjjpasaya, ucatarac jan wal
tharusipcaspati.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj arumanthejj yap tharumsaya, ucatarac jan wal tharuscasma :i.
jiwasajj
E. Jiwasajj arumanthejj yap tharungnisaya, ucatarac jan wal tharuscslmti.
U. uca jach'a uy liwinucufignisaya
E. Jiwasajj uca jach'a uy liwinucufignisaya, ucatarac jan wal
liwinucusasnati.
M. nanacajj kharayp'ojj
E. Nanacajj kharayWojj uca jach'a uy liwirucupjjgsaya, ucatarac jan wal
liwinucusipquiristti.
N. jumanacajj
E. Jumanacajj kharayp'ojj uca jach'a uy livinucupjjamsaya, ucatarac
wal liwinucusipcasmati.
M. nayajj
E, Nayajj kharayp'ojj uca jach'a uy liwinuctlsaya, ucatarac jan wal
liwinucusquiristti.
M. khcru anunac jiwaraygsaya
E. Nayajj kharayp'ojj khoru ariunac jiwaraygsaya, ucatarac jan wal
jiwareyasquiristti.
jumajj jutir domingojj
E. Jumajj jutir domingojj khoru anunac jiwarayamsaya, ucatarac jan wal
jivareyascasmati.
M. jiwasanacajj
E. Jiwasanacajj jutir domingojj khoru arunec jiwarayapjjafignisaya,
ucatarac jan wel jiwarayasipcsnati.
443
LESSON MIX - Substitution Drill
M. Aca k'afiunac nayajj waranucUsaya, ingscaractsa.
E. Aca k'afiunac nayajj waranucUsaya, inagcaractsg.
M. jupajj
E. Aca
k'afiuna jupajj waranucpasaya, ingscaraquisH.
M. jumanacajj
E. Aca k'afiunac jumanacajj waranucupjjamsaya, inasipcaractasH.
M. uca juri isinac maysUjjat jakoquipapjjamsaya
E. Uca juri isinac maysajjat jakoquipapjjamsaya, ingsipcaractasa.
M. jupanacajj
E. Uca juri isinac maysajjat jupanacajj jakoquipapjjpasaya,
inIsipcaraquisa.
M. nanacajj
E. Uca juri isinac nanacajj maysajjat jakoquipapjjasaya, inasipcaractsg.
M. janiraquis cuna, lurafias utjquitejja
E. Uca juri isinac nanacajj maysgjjat jakoquipapjjasaya, janiraquis
cuna lurafias utjquitejja.
M. qhaya wafia koranac pichanucupjjasaya
E. Qhaya wafia koranac pichanucupjjasaya, janiraquis cuna lurafias
utjquitejja.
M. jumajj
E. Qhaya wafia koranac jumajj pichanucumsaya, janiraquis cuna
utjquitejjg.
lurz.fias
N. naya;:i
E. Qhaya
nayajj pichanucUsaya,
ctna luafias
utjquitejj1'1.
M. janiraquis jumajj lurafi munctatejjg
E. Qhaya wafia koranac nayajj pichanucUsaya, janiro:iuis junajj lurafi
munctatejja.
N. aca merk'e utanac liwinucUsaya
E. Aca merk'e utanac liwinucUsaya, janiraquis jumat lurafi munctatPlil!.
LEE 3:i =IX - Substitution Drill
N. jiwasajj
E. pica merk'e utanac liwinucufigniraya, janiraquis jumajj luran
mundtatejja.
N. jupajj arumanthejj cullacap lant is eajjspasaya.
E. Jupajj arumanthejj cullacap lant is eajjspasaya.
M. jumajj
E. Jumajj arumanthejj cullacam lant is eajjiimsaya.
N. jupanacajj
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj cullacap lant is t'ajjsipjjpasaya.
M. vaca aych lant ques alasipjjpasaya
E. Jupanacajj arumanthejj vaca aych lant ques alasipjjpasaya.
nanacajj khaarojj
Nanacajj khaarojj vaca aych lant clues alas:!pjjgoaya.
M. jumanacajj
L. Jumanacajj khaarojj vaca aych lant ques alasipjjamsaya.
M. Chuquiag saran lant suma manleanac mank'rpjjamsaya
E. Jumanacajj khaarojj Chuquiag saran lant suma mank'anac mank'apjjemsaya.
M. jiwasajj jutir domingojj
E. Jiwasajj jutir domin3ojj Chuquiag saran lant suma mank'anac
manktaaaisaya.
N. nayajj
E. Nayajj jutir douingojj Chuquiag saran lant sum. menk'anac mank'gsaya.
M.
wawa sutiyah /ant nieut muasaya
E.
Nayajj jutir domingojj waw sutiyan lant fiieut murUsaya.
M.
jupajj
E.
Jupajj jutir domingojj craw sutiyaii lant nic'ut murpasaya.
M.
jiwasanacajj
450
LESSON XXXIX - Substitution Drill
E.
Jiwasanacajj jutir domingojj waw sutiyan lant fiic'ut murupjjafignisaya.
M.
ch'oke lant apill satapjjafianisaya
E.
Jiwasanacajj jutir domingojj ch'oke lant apill satapjjaanisaya.
H.
nanacajj khardyP'-gj
E.
Nanacajj kharayp'ojj ch'oke lant apill satapjjasaya.
Completion DIM - Arunac phokachana
Insert the correct form of sarafia
I.
e.g.
sarUsaya
Nayajj Josean utap
Jumajj Josean utap
saramsaya
Jupajj cullacapan yapup
sarpasaya
Jiwasajj tatasan utap
saraanisaya
Jiwasanacajj Marian utap
sarapjjafianisaya
Nanacajj Chuquiag
sarapjjasaya
Jumanacajj Susanan marcap
sarapjjamsaya
Jupanacajj Rositan estanciap
sarapjjpasaya
Nayajj arumanthejj tiojjarojj(ufistana)
.
Jumajj arumanthejj tiomarojj (ufistana)
unstUsaya
ufistamsaya
Jupajj kharayp'ojj Pedroj j Marian utap(unachpvafia).ufiachaypasaya
Jiwasajj kharayp'ojj Pedrorojj Marian utap
(ufiachayaria).
ufiachayaanisaya
Jiwasanacajj jutir semanajj ch'ufi (chulluchafia).
chulluchapjjafiani.sa-la
Nanacajj jutir semanajj ch'ufi (chulluchafia).
chulluchapjjasaya
Jumanacajj jurparojj waw (sutiyafia).
sutiyapjjamsaya
Jupanacajj jurpUroji waw (sutiyafia).
sutiyapjjpasaya
451
LESSON XXXIX - Completion Drill
Jutir marajj nayajj uca yapu tayp (thaquicTiafia).
thaquichasaya
Jutir marajj jumajj uca yapu tayp (thaouichana).
thaquichamsaya
Arumanthejj jupajj ninamp juneu um (iyatiuchasifia)junt'uchaspasaya
Arumanthejj jiwasajj ninamp junt'u um
(juneuchasifia).
junt'uchasianisaya
Kharlirojj jiwasanacajj isinac (wabachasIna).
wafiachasirijaani.saya
Kharilrojj nanacajj juri isinac (lailachasina).
wanachasipjjHsaya
Maranjj iumanacajj kamirinucamp (chiatachasix).
chicachasipjjam3ayA
Maranjj jupanacajj kamirinacamp (chiclachaa:iiia).
chicachasipjjpasaya
Insert the proper permissive and optative forms:
II.
e.g.
Nayajj chawll (11,1Laya), ucatarac alajj jan (utiascaspati).
Jumaj j chawll (aliafia), ucatarac alajj jan
(utiana) .
aljamsaya
Jupajj marc (sarafic), ucatarac umamp
sarpasaya
jurichasisrasra
(ipsichasifia).
Jiwasajj marc (sarefia), ucatarac Mariajj
(wawachasifia).
Jiwasanacajj waw (sutiyafia), ucatarac Susanajj
(colerasifia).
Vanacajj waw (sutiyaaa),ucatarac sutejj jan
(waliscafia).
utj ascaspati
saranHnisaya
wawachasiscaspa
sutiyapjjafignisa7a
coleraaisaaspa
sutiyapjjasaya
walYscaspati
Jumanacajj waw (iarifia), ucatarac ('AchAra).
jaripjjamsaya
jachascaspa
Jupanacajj pankar (ayrufia), ucatarac (wafisuila).
ayrupjjpasaya
wafisuscaspa
III.
e.g.
Aca k'afiunac nayajj (waranucgsy2), inascaracta.
Aca klanunac jumajj (waranucufia), inHsca%.actasg.
waranucumsaya
Uca merk'e isinac jiwasajj (ch'ucuila), inHscar-
ch'ucuanisaya
actana.
Uca merk'e isinac jupajj (ch'ucufia), indscaraquisH.
ch'ucpasaya
Qhuri ch'oke yap jiwasanacajj (tharuna),
korajj waliraquisa.
tharupjjaanisaya
Qhuri ch'oke yap nanacajj (tharufia), koaajj
waliraquisH.
tharupjjHsaya
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ri
454
LESSON MIX - Questions and Answers
E.
JMsa, nayajj arumanthejj jilejj-lant sarHsaya.
M.
Jupajj horas purquipan mank'aniti?
E.
JYsa, jupajj horas purquipan mank'pasaya.
M.
Tata Marcos, jumajj Chuquiag maestro thaker sarasmati?
E.
Sarasaya.
N.
Tata Lucas, jumajj qhaya mank'anac mank'antasmati9
E.
Jan qhitis mank'afi muncch, ucqhajj mank'asaya.
M.
Tata Juan, warmimajj walja mank' fiestatac phayaspati?
E.
Cunrac luranejja, phaypasaya.
M.
Jumanacajj arumanthejj Rositan wawapar sutiyapjjasmati?
E.
CamachapjjaraquUjja, sutiyapjjHsaya.
M.
Tata Marcos, uca arad uca chekar aynokasmati?
E.
AynokHsaya, jathiraquisH.
M.
Jiwasanacajj uca jach'a uyunac yapuchanatac liwinucupjsnati?
E.
Liwinucupjjaanisaya, janiraquis cuns lurctantejja.
M.
Tata, jiwasajj marc sarsnacha9
E.
SaranHuisaya, ucatarac mamam Mariajj wawachasiscaspa.
M.
Varna, jumajj uca isinac aca mesa patar eknokasmacha?
E.
EknokHsaya, waljaraquisH.
M.
Tata Juan, tiemp utjquipan jumajj wawanac ufijasmacha?
E.
Uf-jasaya, ucatarac jachasipcaspa.
N.
Jlimanr22jj lharaypicjj choke lant apill satapjjas-ati?
E.
SatapjjUsaya, ucatarac jan walYscaspati.
M.
Nanacajj Pedron usuaquipan ucqhajj mank' wajjt'apjjeristti?
E.
Wajjeapjjamsaya, vr:atarac jiwascaspa.
Cvento
Dialo3ue
The following Aymara folktale "The Duck and the Fox" was recorded by
Vincr;_lte Quispe.
WALLATA/T TIUDIAMPI
1
MU cutejj wallatamp tiwulampiw jiquisipjjUn, siwa.
suma paru
2
wawanacanin, siwa.
Wallatajj wija
Tiwulasti wawanazaniraquin, siwa.
Ucampis tiwulan wawanacapajj janiw sumanacHpant, siwa.
3
LESSON XXXIX - Dialogue
Tiwulajj, wallatan suma paru wawanacap unjasajj, wallatarojj shawl:
--Mama wallata, cunatarac wawanacamast suma naruquYpjjesti? --sass.
4
wallatajj tiwulai pisi chuymftap uhjasinjja, anwa.
--Ay mamdtiwnla,
Uca nina
urojj nin japuchta.5
Yatira, nayajj.
janit juoajj yatctajja?
Ucat
jr-Turuw wawanacajj allintta, ucatsti sapa "khonct" ucqhaw nayajj --Mh
kellka --sas muytta.
6
Uqhamcamac tunc "khonctadcam" muytta.
Ucatsti
mayat mayat nina japut wayurta, vawanacajjasti ucdrut ucsaruw suma
narunacHjjapjje --sasina.
7
Tiwulajj uca arunac ist'asajj wal muspharka.
8
Jupajj wasitat
9
wallatarojj jisceascaquiwa:
--rama wallata, chekapunit ucajjal --sasa,
Mama wallatasti tiwularojj anwa:
--Mama tiwula, jan pachasimti,
cunjgattejj nayajj lurct ugham lurascaquim, wawanw::amasti sum paruqu'lp-
jjaraquiniwa --sasa.
10
11
Tiwulajj wall lup'isisaw utapar sarjfan, sfaaa.
nin japuchcatHn, siwa.
wararquirpach allintHn, siwa.
Utar purisinsti
Ucatsti wawanacaparojj uca nina japursai
12
Takpachanir allintjjasiasti, tiwulajj Ica
japu jac'an suyascHna, "khonctir" ist'anataqui, ucatsti wallatan arsuta-
parjam lurafiataquiracui."
Acatjamatac mayajj "khoncan", siwa.
lt
Tiwulasti uc ist'asajj "ma
kellka" --sasaw muytHn, siwa.
Tunc "khonctjjepansti", mama tiuuiajj wawanacap nina japut c'uchigu:_w
apsufi kalltHna,
--sasina.
15
--Jichhajj wawanacajjajj suma paruquYpjjpachawa
Ucampis janiw uqhHmacanti wawanacanajj ninamp k' alga naghan-
taapjjanwa.
16
Mama tiwulajj uc ufijasajj wal wararYna, wall colerataraquiw mama
wallatan utapar jalara.
kotaruw jaltjjana.
17
Mara uallatasti janiw utapancjjanti.
Jupajj
18
Tiwulasti uc yatisinjja, kota uncatataw warart'asis jaThn, siwa.
Jupajj waliataruw
catj an
mundna.
19
Kotalacar purisinsti, tiwulajj walatarojj kota pampan zuyuaquir
migu, siwa.
20
Ucat tiwulajj wall jacblat arnakagn, siwa:21
- -Mama
*
456
LESSON XXXIX - Dialogue
wallata, may parleafiki --sasa.
Mama wallatasti janiw tiwularojj !seal
muncHnti, cunalaycutejj jupajj yatinwa tiwulan wawanacapar jiwarayat epa.
Tiwulajj juc'amp colerasMna, ucat amuyupanjj s1nwa:
--Aca kot
umcHwiw wafit'aya, ucat wallatarojj catjH, jisc'a jisc'a pelanokH --sasira.
Tiwulasti wall coleratv:Y um lakhon kallana.
anti, tiwulan puracapaquiw phallirjamHjjHna.
24
23
Umasti janiw want'
Inn
Tiwulajj janiw sartlr-
jamtcjjanti, ucat jupajj utap uficatataw warart'asis jutjjan, siwa:
--Sicuyaw junt'itan, ch'aphiw junt'itan --sasa.
Niya utap jac'an mayac
25
sicuyajj tiwulan puracap juneHna.26
Tiwulan puracapasti phalljjHnwa.
Uca pisi chuyma pobre tiwulajj wawanacap jiwurayasinjja, jupajj
Pisi chuymHfiajj janis walYquetejjH:27
jiwjjaraquinwa.
NOTES
1
wallata 'du I, '
2
karti
3
sumantsk125 'weren't pretty' (imperfect tense).
4
un'asinj.,-12, 'seeing': the participial infix -sina - indicates an action
col,)red'
which
of the main verb; the subject of 'isth verbs is -he
ia s=eems to mean 'now, already .; cf. below, #25.
5
japanci. 'to burn (r-,;bble, red-hot coals) in the fields'.
The under-
lying noun is jlanl 'red-hot coal, burnt ash'.
6
allf-::-.afia 'to bury'
Emr:1
14.
,
:urn ct../er'
"Ittt" ylloci.on'
kellwl
7
mayat ne-rt 'ow! by one'
yayu'r.iia '.co take out one by one.'
On
Grarri,r notes abo...-%
ucUru
8
iseafia 'to hear'
muspharana 'to marvel'
.1.11.1=116.M.I.m....1=w*
LMoo isOm ism
a
457
LESSON XXXIX - Dialogue - Notes
9.
chekapunit 'is it really true?'
10 2achasina 'to doubt, be of two opinions' (The root is pi 'two')
11
lup'ina 'to think, reflect'
12
wararina 'to shout, cry'; vararquirpach 'who were crying'
13
arsutaparjam 'according to her words (of the duck)'
arsune 'to speak'
-riama 'according' may also occur in the form
-jama, (without -ru-) in which case the preceding vowel is elided:
arsutaoj ama.
14
acat'amata 'all of a sudden'
apsufia 'to raise, to take out'.
finitiv
e.g.
The verbal .infix -su -, heforo the i n-
ending,indicates the action takes place '.,pwards, outwards':
ialaiLa 'to run'helsufia 'to run up; to set (of the sun)'
anafia 'to carry, take way'/ansuna 'to take mat'
16
k'ala 'completely'
naohana 'to scald, burn, be consumed by fire.'
17
wararifia 'to cry, shout, bawl'
'to run'
18
kota lake'
19
catjana 'to catch'
20
kotalaca 'lakeshore'
tuvuha 'to swim, float (in air or water)'
21
arnakafia 'to shout; insult'
22
umcilwiu passive participle of umefia 'to drink'
want'ana 'to dry up (something)'
pelanokafia 'to pluck' (cf. Spanish pelar).
23
lakhofia 'to lick'
24
tzEica. 'stomach'
phallana 'to explode'
458
LESSON XXXIX - Dialogue - Notes
25 sartir
imperfect tense 'could not get up'; -iama- with
elision of the preceding vowel with verb stems indicates 'opportunity,
ability.'
The infix -.ilia, following the negative -c-, has the
meaning of 'now, already,' implying that the action is about to be
performed.
sicuya 'straw'
iunt'afia 'to puncture'
ch'ap hi 'thorn'
26
mayaqui
27
'It's not good to be stupid in this world.'
'all of a sudden'
439
LESSON XL - Pusi tunavir lecc:4.onc:
anchati
mucho, demasiado; Mas Bien
rather
armeasifia
olvidarse
to forget
chiji
desgracia
misfortune
inamaya
en vano
in vain
ian walt'ana
extraflar
to miss
juyphifia
estar fro
to be cold
kenaya
nube
cloud
kheparafia
quedar
to remain
liamayuna
cosechar (papas, ocas);
escarbar con instrumento
to reap (potatoes,
oca): scrape wich
an instrument
2asafia
p.isar
to erdure
nisi chuymafia
estar tonto
to be stupid
3aparu
cada dia
each day, daily
thayafia
estar frio
to be cold
waleafia
acoatumbrarse
to become acoustom
to
stay
Grammar - Suma parlariatagsi
I. Optative: these forms are discussed and presented in grammar,
lesson XXXIX. Cf. also discussion in lesson NXVIII.
Positive optative:
e.g. Khararojj mzjimarc saraouirista 'I hope t.o go to town tomorrow'
Jichharojinayaii isinac tltisisEixista 'I hope to wash
clothes tomorm77
Jutir maradiEgysjj ut alasisluirista 'Next year I hope to
(be able) to buy a house'
460
LESSON XL - Grammar-
Negative optative': the -c- infix of the positive optative is attached
to Tani- ,in negatime.senterices:
e.g. Arumanthe_ja nayaii 'lame llaquisiristti Would that I
not be sad tomorrow'
KharUrojj
jam:it jasis
'I hope not to go
chawll caturistti
fishing tomorrow'
Arumanthej
luraquirista, ianic jalloii purispati
'I hope to work the field tomorrow; I hope it doesn't rain'
Maranji ut utachaquirista. anchati tata4iaii munanelia 'This
year I hope to build a house, if my father wants to'
(N.B. anchaquiti+ optative; itnchati + future)
When the interrogative suffix -ti is added in positive questions,
the final vowel of the 1st person singular and plural ending is
elided:
e.g. Saraquiristti?
'do I hope to go?'
In negative questions, -ti is attached to jani- and the verb ending
remains intact.
e.g. ianit saraquirista?
II.
-cha:
'don't I hope to go?'
interrogative suffix which introduces the notion
may be translated as 'or' in some contexts.
of doubt; it
Cf. notes for the Dialogue,
Lesson XXXVIII.
M.
KharUrojj nayajj ut utachaquirista.
E.
KharUrojj nayajj ut utachaquirista.
N.
jumajj
E.
KharUrojj jumajj ut utachaquisma.
w.
nanacajj
E.
KharUrojj nanacajj ut utachapjjaquirista.
M.
vac aljapjjaquirista
E.
KharUrojj nanacajj vac aljapjjaquirista.
maranjj jupajj
E.
Maranjj jupajj vac aljaquispa.
M.
jiwasanacajj
mosssa qx - uoTan4T4sqns TTtaQ
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EUSDEIES
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411
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455
LESSON XL - Completion Drill
Jutir marajj juManacajj ut
alasipjjaquiscia
Jutir marajj jupanacajj ut
alasipjjaquispa
ilaauirdia
llaquisiristti
Arumanthejj nayajj janic
.
.
Arumanthejj jumajj janic.
we/~4M.
Arumanthejj jupajj janic
llaquisispati
Arumanthejj jiwasajj janic
ilaquissnati
Arumanthejj jiwasanacajj.janic,.
llaquisipjjsnati
Arumanthejj nanacajj jaaic
Arumanthejj jumanacajj janic
llaquisipj jasmati
Arumanthejj jupanaaajj janic
Ilaquisipjjaspaa
catuni
Khaarojj nayajj janic chawll
caturistti
Alow
KharUrojj jupajj janic chawll
catusma-ci
KharUrojj jupajj janic chawll
catuspati
KharUrojj jiwasajj janic chawll
catccaati.
KharUrojj jiwasanacajj janic chawll
catupjjsnati
KharUrojj naLacajj janic chawll
catupjjeristti
A
catupjjesmati
KharUrojj jupanacajj janic chawll
KharUrojj jupanacajj janic chawll
11
catupjjaspati
Naranjj nayajj janic (jachang).
jachiristti
Maranjj jumajj janic (j achafia).
jachasmati
Maranjj jupajj jaaic inamay Ch'ok (17.apuc;.aiia).
yapuchaspati
Maranjj jiwasajj janic inamay ch'ok (TaDuctinna).
yapuchsnati
Jutir semanajj jiwasanacajj janic inamay marr
(saraiia)
.
sara?jjsnati
Jutir semanajj nanacaj j janic inamay mate
(saratia).
sarapjjeristti
Jutir phajjscjj jupanacajj janic inamay kawr
(awatifia).
awatipjjasmati
Jutir phajjsejj jupanacajj janic inamay kawr
(awatina).
awatipjjaspati
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467
LESSON XL - Completion Drill
KharUrojj marc (sarana), janic jiar jakenacajj
(colerasina)
.
KharUrojj ch'ok (11amayinia), janic thayajj
(tha7Mila).
sarcpjjaquisra
colerasipjjaspoti
31amayupjjaquispa
thayUspati
Maranjj aymar (22Lthana), janic pisi (4111LELE).
yatekapjjaquiriEta
chuymMpjjeristti
Maranj j Boliviar (sarafia), janic (kheparana).
sarapjjaquisma
Ehe7arapjjasme-i
Maranjj nriqucn marcap (saraHa), janic
sarapjjaquispa
jayrasipjjaspati
(jayrasina).
Questions and Answers - Jisceafianacrmni ivarl sananacamoi
KharUrojj nayajj marc saraquiristti?
E.
Xisa, kharUrojj jumajj marc saraouisma
N.
JichArojj nayajj isinac t'ajjsiquiristtii
E.
nsa, jichhUrojj jumajj is
M.
Jutir marajj nayajj ut alasiquiristti?
E.
JYsa, jumajj jutir marajj ut alasiquisma.
t'ajjsiquisra.
Arumanthejj nayajj llaquiciristti?
E.
Janiwa, arumanthejj jumajj jardc llaquisismati.
M.
Arumanthejj nanacaj j liaquisipjjeristti?
E.
Janiwa, jumanacajj arumanthejj janic Ilaquisipjjasnati.
M.
KharUrojj nayajj jnit
E.
J5'sa, kharUrojj jumajj janic chawll catusmati.
caturistal
Maranjj nayajj jachiristti'
E.
Janiwa, maranjj jumajj janic jacEasrati.
M.
Arumanthejj nayajj yap luraquiristti?
E.
Ji'sa, arumanthejj jumajj yap luravisma, janic jail
purispati.
Maranjj nayajj ut utachasiquiristti
E.
Jisa, maranjj ut utachasiquisma, anchati tatamaij munani.
KharUrojj jall purisp ucqhajj jumajj yap lurasmati?
E.
Janic purispati, yap luraquirista.
N.
JichhUrojj nayajj isinac t'ajjsielstti?
468
LESSON XL - Questions and Answers
E.
Ucapi, t'ajjsiquisma.
N.
Jumamp nayampejj jutir marajj utanac alasnati?
E.
Alasicsna, kollkejj utjaquispa.
M.
Tata Andresan mamapajj masUrojj jiwicha?
E.
asa, jupajj janic llaquisispati.
M.
KharUrojj jiwasanacajj kotan chawll catupjjsnacha?
E.
UcaAjanic thayaj j thayaspati.
M.
Tata, arumanthejj nanacajj qhaya alay khath sarapjjeristcha?
E.
nsa, sarapjjasmawa, janic usuntapjjasmati.
E4
Jumanacajj jutir semanajj qhuchinac inamay qharipjjasmati?
E.
UcapY, janic inamay qharipjjerYstti.
N.
Mama, phuchamajj cervez umaspache
E.
Janie umaspati.
M.
llama Teresa, nayajj qhaya liq'i vacanac alicha9
E.
Alaquisma, janic carUspati.
M.
Tata Mateo, jupanacajj qhuri kalanac utachnnatec apanipjjw;:paci-L-.?
E.
Apanipjjaquispa, janic jayrasipjjaspati.
N.
Mama Cristina, arumanthejj jumanacajj apill cayachapjjatache
E.
nsa, cayachapjjgquirista.
Mamay, nayajj arumanthejj ch'ok ch'ufiuchgcha?
E.
JMsa, ch'ufiuchaquisma, janic jallojj purispati.
Dialogue - Cuento
THOKOR TAWAKONACAMP I JAN UP T'
WAYNANACAMPI
Nayra pachanacanjja tawakonacamp waynanacavpejj arumaw kollu patar
1
thokor sarapjjerina.
Jupanacajj suma mank'anac apasipjjerina, ulhamaraqui a3,7ohola, coca apasipjjerina.
Waynanacamp tawakonacampejj sapa mayniw purapat uneasipjjana,
takpacU:niw mank'asipjjerYna, coc acullipjjegno, thokopjjaraquirine.
9
arumasti acatjamatac pani jan ufiteat wcynoracajj kollu pater
saraphSna, ucanacasti tawakonacampiw thokopigna.
Uca arumajj jarliw
qhitis uca pani waynanacarojj &lean' puedipeInti, cunalayeutejj jen
uneanjamapanti.
463
Lesson .11, - Dialogue
Uca pani jan ufit'at waynanacajj suna isinacanYpjjgnwa, wari
chainni, wari ponchoni, suma sombreronacani.
3
Mg waynajj uca pani writ' at waynaracarojj
tatanaca
Mank'asipjjafign
sasaw sIna. Ucampis uca pani jan ufit'at waynanacajj
janiw munapcHnti. Cunapachatejj tawakonacajj thdkopcgn ucqhaqui.7
jupanacajj thokor taypir mantasin thokopjjgna. Tawakonacasti jaw:-
Qnitinacaraqapach acanacasti? --saca;
raquiw ufit'afi puedipcgnti
jupanacajj lup'isipjjtina.
Uca jan
unit' at
4
semanaw jayp'unacajj sarapjjgna.'
waynanacajj n
Tawakonacasti ufit'afipin munapjjgna uca jan ufit'at waynanacaru.
Maurojj estancian takpach waynanacamp tawakonacampiw tantachasipjjgna, ucansti takeniw amtapjjgna uca pani jaa uat'at waynanacar catuntafiataqui.
6
Uca arumajj wall amuyasisaw tawakonacamp
waynanacampajj kollur sarapjjgna.
7
Qhitinacatejj jan sa-..au ja-zYcvs
uca waynanacamp tawakonacampejj sarapjjaraquYnwa, cunalaycute.j
jupanacajj ufit'an nunapjjaragana uca pani jaa afit'at waynnnacaru,
Niy arumthapjjepansti, uca pani jan ufit'at waynanacajj joy2.:aa
waynanacampir tawakonacampirojj uhch'uquipjjana.
3
Cunapac-aatejj
thokofi kalltapjjgn ucqhaw jupanacajj sarapjjgna tawakonacanp
thokohataqui.
Tawakonacajj uca pani jan ufit'at waynanacarojj wal thokoyapjj
na, janiw cuns jisqhifi munapcHnti, amuquiu tawakonacajj jupanacaba
thokosipcgna.
9
Laynanacajj janiraaciu uca pani jan ufit'at wayna-
nacarojj cuns parljjayapcgnti. Uca arumajj janiiw mank'ajj utjognti,
j aniraquiw samareapcaracuinsa, cunalaycutejj tawakonacajj janiw
uca pani jan uneat waynanacarojj.antutafi munapcqnti.
10
Niy khanjtanjjepansti, uca pani jan uneat waynanacajj wal
achicasipjjgn tawakonacarojja
sasa.
cullaquita
Antutita cullaquitas antutita
11
Tawakonacasti janiw antutafi munapanti, jupanacajj wal catuntap-
jjgna. Uca pani San uheat waynanacasti niy khangjjepanjja wal
wararipjjgna:
Antutitay cullaquita, pacha khar khar khar.
Antutitay cullaquita, naka khar khar khar,
Sinti urE3jjepan3ti uca pani 5a
tucupjAna.
13
sasina
.12
.
ukit'ar waynanacajj tiwularuquiw
Uca jaa ufit'at pani waynanacajj jaker tucusaw tawako-
nac taypirojj thokor 5utirMtayna, Waynanacasti uc ufijasajj tiwularojj
470
LESSON XL - Dialogue
catuficamaw arctapjjana, catjasinsti putup k'al allinokapjjana, tiwulanacarusti jiwayapjjaraquYnwa.
14
Uqham tiwulanacajj aynacheapjjana, sint inempseiripjjatap laycu.
13
NOTES
1
navra 'early'
pacha 'time'
aruma 'might'
sarapiterias (imperfect) 'they used to go' (sarafia + -iri)
2
purapa 'both'
acullifia
3
'to chew oca'
isinacanYpjjanwa 'they had clothes'
wari 'vicuna'
chala 'scarf'
4
lup'ifia 'to think, meditate'
5
ma semanaw jayp'unacajj 'in the afternoons for a week'
6
awtafia 'to agree'
catuntafia 'to capture':
cf. catufia 'to seize, catch'
7
amuvasifia 'to think, reflect'
8
arumthapijepansti 'when it was already dark:'
jamatas 'from afar'
9
amuqui 'quiet'
10
antutafia 'to abandon, free'
11
khanjta 'dawn':
12
pacha..., naka
13
sinti 'much'
khana 'light'
denote exclamations
sinti urlijjepansti 'when it was already verybr ;ht daylight'.
tucufia (ru)
'
to become'
471
LESSON XL - Dialogue - Notes
14
arctafia 'to follow, chase'
putu 'cave'
k'ala 'completely, all'
allinokafia 'to destroy'
15 masttlaTia 'to jail' (from avnacha 'below; south')
sintinansu 'for doing many vain things (i.e.,
.1"o
doing what they ought not to have been doing).'.
1.aysu 'for'
AYMARA FOLX SONCS
The following songs were dictated by Mrs. NellyJde Vega.
English and Spanish translations are appended.
Asnitujiaoui utlitaspe
Asnitujjaqu5_ utjitaspa, vidita
khartirpachaw sarjjerista
polleritajjata caronani, vidita (bis)
waq'itajjata sinchitan.
Qhitisa saquitasapana, vidita
jan uca ingratur munamti
uca ingratusti senorita, vidita (his)
mal pogo churasiriwa.
Si yo tuviera un burrito
If I Had a Little Burro
Si yo tuviera un burrito, vidita
mafiana mismo me irla
con montura de mi ?ollerita, vidita
y con cincha de mi fajita.
If I had a little burro,
Tcmorrot' I would leave
Alguien que me hubiera dicho, vidita
no lo quieras a ese ingrato
ese ingrato, senorita, vidita
Somebody :les said to me,
Don't love that ungrateful,
That ungrateful boy, senorita:,
Because he, doesn't know how
to make you happy.
mal pa go el sabe dar.
With the saddle of tity skirt
And with the cinch of my belt.
472
AYMARA FOLK SONGS
Casarjetta casarjjeta
sullca phuchamampi
uywascawa, uywascawa (bis)
ch'oke khatitampi.
Sarjjafiani, sarjjaiiHni
suma torcasita
sarjjafiUni, sarjjaiiHni (bis)
Chuquiagu marcaru.
Hazme casar
Marry Me
Hazme casar, hazme casar
con to hija menor,
la voy a estar criando
la voy a es.:ar criando
con papa cocida.
Marry me, marry me,
To your younger daughter.
I am going to nourish her,
I am going to nourish her
On the staff of life.
Nos iremos, nos iremos
buena palomita
nos iremos, nos iremos
a la ciudad de La Paz.
We will go,
Good little
We will go,
To the city
we will go
dove,
we will go
of La Pai.
Jiwata wawita
Acansa qhurinsa amtaquiway
urunsa, arumansa eljaquiway
munata wawita tucusitaw
orak mankharu allintataw.
Wasara pampana iquintataw (bis)
jaya marcana imantataw
munata wawita tucusitaw
orak mankharu allintataw.
Ninito muerto
Little Dead Boy
Aqui y alli lo recordarg
en el dia y en la noche lo verg
el nifio querido estg acabado
dentro del suelo enterrado estg.
Here and there will I remember
En un campo desierto estg durmiendo
en un pueblo lejano estg guardado
el nil% querido estg acabado
dentro del suelo estg enterrado.
him,
I see him during the day and
during the night.
The dear little boy is dead,
He is buried in the,ground.
He is sleei-ing in a deserted
field,
He is concealed in a far ton,
The dear little boy is dead,
He is buried in the ground.
47?
ankPLEMENT
Pedramp
sarapifs_
1::-dromp Joseampejj Estados UnidoE marcanquir waynanacawa.
r'arc
waynacgpjjewa. Pedromp Joseampejj
Jupanacajj sinti
saaapjjc. Uca marcajj Bolivia patawa. Pedrompir Joseampirojj mankiat
autjapjje, ucat jupanacajj ma utar sarapjje. Uca utajj tata Andresan
u*aapawa. Tata Andresan utapajj jisc'a jichhu utaquiaaa Pedromp Joseampejj
tata Andresarojj sapjjewa:
----. Tata, cawqhans tiendajj utji? Nanacajj t' ant' munapjjta, cunalaycutejj
sasiaa.
nanacarojj mankiat autjapjjetu
.Ay
tata,
tiendajj jariw acp jiscia marcanjj utjqui::1,
Tata Andresajj siwa:
almalaycutejj jiscia marcaquiwa, jakenacajj janiw waljHquiti. Pedromp
Joseampejj llaquisipjjewa.
Texa Andresajj Pedrompir. Joseampirojj plank' ahurafi puni. Ucampis jupan
mank'apajj janiw utjquiti. Tata Andresajj esposapan cullacapan utap
eant'amp lechemp aliriw sari. Tata Andresajj uca eaatiamp lechemp
Pe6rompir Joseampirojj churl.
Paaromp Joseampejj cusisitaw mank'apjje, cunalaycutejj jupanacarojj
mankiat autjapjje.
sasa. Tata
Juseajj tata Andresarojj siwa: --- Tata, umat pharjiau
Any tasan umajj janiw utjquiti, ucat jupajj cullacapan utap wasitat sari.
Tata Andresan cullacapajj ma
um Josearojj churaraqui.
Yuspagar
T...apagarapjje:
Jichhajj janiw jupanacarojj
jach'a botellaruw am chur-21. Tata Andresajj
.Pedromp Joseampejj walpin tata.Andresarojj
sasa.
tata, yuspagar tata
mankiat autjquiti, cunalayeutejj tiant'emp
lechemp mankiapjje
Ucjjarojj, Pedromp Joseampejj is tiajjsiriw jawir saran munapjje, cunalaycutej:
jupanacan isinacapajj leanuwa. Pedromp Joseampejj jawir sarapjje.
liq'i vac ufijapjje. Tic:a jach'a
J7..anacajj jawir qhurcatan ma
vacajj tata Marcosan vacapawa. Pedromp Joseampejj uca amc alan munapjja,
eunalaycutajj aych mankian munapjje.
Tata Farcosajj janiw vacapjj Pedrompir ioseampirojj aljafi munquiti,
cunalaycutejj uca vacajj suma liqii vacawa.
sarapjje.
Ucjjalojj, Fedromp Joseampejj tata Alfredon utapar
waynanacapjjewa.
Jtyanacajj wall karitapjjewa, cunalaycutejj jupanacajj liq'i
sasa.
Pedrojj tata Alfredorojj siwa: --- Tata, anumarac achjitaspa
Jutascac!uim, tata, anojjajj janiw achjasiriquiti.
Tata Alfredojj siwa:
Tata Alfredojj and sum silla Pedrompir Joseampirojj maytiii Jupanacajj
uca sillaruw kontiasipjje. Tata Alfredojj jupanacarojj situ :. --- Tatanaca,
sasina.
cawqhats purinipjjta?
sasa.
Nanacajj
Estades Unides matc marcat purinipjjta
Psdrojj siwa:
sasa;
Juseajj siwa: --- Tata, janiraw aymar sum paricti, wasitat sum chhU
Cunanacas juman marcaman
Tata Alfredojj wasitat jupanacarojj jisctii:
sasa.
utji?
Pedrojj siwa:
Ah, tata, tata, marcajjanjj jachia utanaca'i utji, machak
isinaca' utji, machak autonacaw utji, jach'a maacanacau utji, walja jakenacaw
utjaraqui.
Pedromp Joseampejj seal cusisipjje, cunalaycutejj jupanacajj tata Andresampi
tata Yarcosampi, tata Alfredompejj aymarat parlapjje.
SUPPL EMENT
b. 74
wali kftritglijjewa,
Pedromp Joseampejj utaparuw sarjjapjje. Jupanacajj
jupx:acajj uali
cunalaycutejj jupanacarojj iquiw puripjje. Jichhajj
cusisitaw utapan icjjapjje.
II. Mama Franciscan chachapajj usut,wa
achjitaspa?
Francisca: Dios asqui ur churgtam, mama, anumarac
Jutascaquim mama, anojjajj janiw.utiquiti.
Hazel:
llaquitgtwa.
F: Mama, visitiriw jutsma. Nayajj sinti
Cunat, mama?
H:
janiw wank' munquiti. Juparojj
Ay mama, esposojjaw wart usuta. Jupajj
F:
p'ekew usu, janiraquiw sartafi puedquiti.
kollapjjtajja?
Ay mama, ucajj llaquisifiawa. Cunanacampis
H:
utjquituti. Tiojjajj Chuquiagitr
Mama, nayajj pobrgtwa, janiw kollkejj
F:
situwa. Camgchas, mama?
apam
Mg enfermeraw Cuerpo de
Jan llaquisimt mama. Esposcmajj waliquiscaniwa.
H:
satawa. Jupajj suma
Paz satan utji. Uca enfermerajj Mary Harrington
jakewa. Juparaquiw esposomarojj kollani.
nayajj ajjsartwa.
Waliquiw mama. Cawqhas uca enfermeran utapajja9 Mama,
F:
Jupajj aymar parlaft yatiti?
Nayaw jupampejj pariL
Jan ajjsaramt mama, jupajj aymar parliwa.
H:
sinti llaquitgpjjaraquiwq,
Ay koli mama, yanapeitay mama. Wawanacajjajj
F:
janiw mank'an munapcaraquiti.
Chachamajj utamanLasquit:
Jin sarafign mama. Enfermerajj utapancasquiwa.
H:
jupajj janiw
Ji's mama, esposojjajj utajjancasquiwa. Masgrojj
F:
inas jichhgrojj manlechini.
Cunanacs manlean muni?
H:
Janiw cuns munquiti. Jupajj suma t'ant'anacac muni.
F:
ufijgtajja, wawanacamaruw
Ay mama, usutarojj sum ufijafiamawa, jan .:sum
H:
usojj maqhatani.
Cunjgms unjajj mama?
F:
mank'asifi platonacap
Isinacap t'ajjsita, iquifianacap t'ajjsirapita,
H:
Enfermerap
wallaket umampiw jarita, umanapataquejj um waiiakeyarapita.
juc'amp yaticgatp mama.
nayajj escuelar sariricti,
Ay mama, nayajj janiw yatcti, janiraquiw
F:
janiw leen yatcti, ni kellkafis yatcaractti.
kellkafia. Sapa jayp7uw ici7c
Mama, jan llaquisimti, jumajj yatekgtawa lee la,
H:
ajjsaras saram escuelar
Fernandojj leen kellkafi yatichasqui. Jumajj jan
mama, yatekgtawa.
ucampis esposojjaw usut
Waliquiw mama, nayajj escuelarojj saran muntwa,
F:
Jan llaquisimt mama, esposomajj waliptjjaniwa.
H:
puripjje)
(Hazelamp Franciscampejj enfermeran utaparuw
sutIpajj Franciscawa.
Mama Mary, visitiriw jutapjjta. Aca maman
H:
Esposopaw usuta.
Mary: Mantasinipcaquim, aca chekar kont'asipjjam.
Buenos dias mama.
F:
Buenos dias mama, camisac mama?
M:
Yanapt'itay mama, kollearapiti...
Walic mama, ay mama, esposojjaw usuta.
F:
Cuna usutasa?
siwa. Janiw sartan puedcquiti, wall calenturr...
Mama, p'ekew usut
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SUPPLEMENT
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Kawkha urus niy usutajja?
Niy pg semanaw usut mama.
Ah, jan llaquisimt mama, esposomajj waliqugjjaniwa. Jin sarafigni,
nayaw kollg.
Waliquiw mama.
Mama Mary, jichhpachat sarafigni?
Jisa, jichlIpachawa.
Uqhamajj sarangni.
(Quimsanejj usutan utap sarapjje)
Mantascaquifign mama, anojjajj jani' utjquiti.
Walic mama, wawanacamajj utancaocuiti?
Janiw mama, jupanacajj kolluruw ovej.awatir sarapjje.
/lama, cawquir utanquis esposomajja?
MI:
Esposojjajj cocinanauiwa.
F:
Waliqui, uqhamajj mantafilni.
M:
(Hazelamp Mariampejj aruntasipjjewa)
Tata, ustamti?
M:
Tomas: Jis mama, usutuwa.
H:
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M:
Cunas ustarn, tata?
T:
Mama, aca p'ekejjaw usutu, janiw iquifi puedcti, sint usut mama,
kolleasitay mama.
Tata, jan llaquisimt tata, nayajj kohl jumataquejj apanta.
Waliquiw mama, kolleasitay mama.
Tata, aca koll umeam.
Ay mama, yuspagar mama, yuspagar mama.
Janiw cunats tata,jichhajj waliqugjjataw tata.
Cunanacs jichhajj manieg mama'
Mankvasim ch'oke, aycha, eawna, pokota, naranja, duraznp, lechuga,
zanahoria yakha ch'ojjfianacampi.
Waliquiw mama.
Tata, aca mamajj enfermerawa. Jupajj take Usutanacaruw aca estancianjj
kollasqui.
Ucajj wall sumaw mama. Nayajj jichhajj cusistua.
Tata, jan llaquisimti, waliqugjjatawa. Jutir lunesaw wasitat jutapjja.
Waliquiw mama.
Ay koli mama, yuspagar mama, yuspagar raw. Eama, aca quesojj jumataquiw
mama, apasim mama. Aca quesojj jumataquiraquiw mama, apasim mama.
Walic mama, yuspagar mama.
yuspagar mama, quesomajj sumaw mama. Jutir lunesaw jutapjjg. Jumajj
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esposomarojj sum ufijgta.
Waliquiw mama.
Sarawayjjapjjg mama, sarawayjjg tata, jiquisificama.
Jiquisincam mama, jiquisificay.
Walic mama, walic mama, yuspagar mama.
III. Supplementary expressions
Tell me.
Arsumay, parlamay
Tell me.
Sitay
Parlitay. Tell me.
Samay.
Speak, talk.
SUPPLEMENT
476
Yanapt'itay ampi.
Help me, please.
Saramay.
Go.
'Mantanimay.
Come in.
Amuquimay.
Be quiet.
Ist'amay.
Listen.
Ist'itay.
Listen to me.
Aca chekaruw koneasim ampi. Please sit down here.
Cunas sutimajj tata?
What is your name, sir?
Cuna sutiatasa?
What is your name, sir?
Cuna sutinis wawamajja?
What is your boy's name?
Cunas wawaman sutipajja?
What is your boy's name?
Cunilrus jichhUrojja?
What day is it today?
Tata, aymarat parlam.
Sir, speak in Aymara.
Tata, aymarat parlt'ita ampi. Sir, please speak to me in Aymara.
Tata, may jiscf'asima. Sir, I have a question for you.
Cunach tata?
What is it, sir?
Parlt'ayita ampi.
Please let me speak.
Past'ayita ampi.
Please let me pass.
Tata, cun sans mun uca arojja?
What does that word mean?
Tata, cun sans mun ...?
Uhat does...mean?
Tata, camsafias aymaranjj...?
How do you say...in Aymara?
Janiw amuyct tata. I don't understand, sir.
Janiw entiendct tata.
I don't understand, air.
Wasitat sam chha.
Repeat it.
Mayamp sam chha.
Repeat it.
Nayajj janiw sum aymar parlafi yatcti.
I can't speak Aymara well.
Nayajj janYraw aymar sun paricti.
I still can't speak Aymara well.
Jan sawcasimti.
Don't play jokes.
...muntati?
Would you like...?
T'ant' muntati?
Would you like (some) bread?
Saran muntati?
Would you like to go?
Nayamp saran muntati?
Would you like to go with me?
Camstasa?
What do you say?
Camsafiachejj...janiw yatcti.
I don't know how to say...
Asno p'eke.
Donkey head.
Anu p'eke.
Dog head.
Kolike chuyma. Money-grubber.
Iqui pucuchu.
Sleepy=head.
Iqui thusu.
Sleepy-head.
Iqui ch'awa.
Sleepy-head.
Kont'asim.
Have a seat.
Iyawl yt koneasi.
Fine, I'll have a seat.
Sayt'asim.
Stand up.
Iyaw/ yd sayeasY .
Fine, I'll stand up.
Catokt'ita.
Accept this for me.
:yaw/ ya catokeama.
Fine, I'll accept it (from you)
Sirvt'asim.
Help yourself.
Fine, I'll help myself.
iyawi yd sirveasi.
Iquisjjam.
Drink up.
You can sleep rwv,
Umeasim.
Iquisjjapjjam. You (p1.) can
Eat up.
Mank'easim.
sleep now.
Winct'asim.
Lie down.
Take a rest.
Samart'am.
Put me up in your
Korpacheita.
house.
477
GLOSSARY
aca / this
aca chekaru / to this place
acgca / these places
acancana / to be here
acancascafia / to be here
acapacha / world
acatjamata / all of a sudden
acawja / in this place
accata / on.this side
achachila / evil spirit;
grandfather
achacu / mouse
achicafia / to ask, request
achila / grandfather
achjafia / to bite
achokafia / to bite off
achthafia / to grab, seize
"achu; / fruit'
aclaufia / to bear fruit
acs4 / over here
acsara / to this side
acullifia / to chew oca
adobe (aruwi) / adobe
ajanu / face
ajjsarana / to fear
ajjsariri / shy; shy person
ala I price, purchase
amuyafia / to think
amuyasifia / to realize
anaquifia / to herd
anaquipanaa I to move the herd from
oneA)lace to another
anata / carnival
anatdaa. / to play
ancha / much
anchati / rather
anchaquiti / would that
antra / outside
anti / pink
antisasa / rather, instead
aatutafia / to abandon
anu / dog
apakafia / to take away
apada / to carry
apanifia / to bring
apayafia / to send.
apilla / oca oxalis with yellow
flowers
apillanifia / to have oca
apsufia / to take out, raise
apsuyafia / to carry off
apthapifia / to get, pick up.
alala / cold (water)
alana / to buy
alasifia / to buy (for oneself)
arado (aratu) / plow
arctaia / to follow, chase:
arcu / pile of unthreshed barley
ari / edge (knife), sharp.
arjjatafia / to defend
armana / to.forget
clay tok'el north
armasifia / to forget
alaya / up, above; north
alba (alwa) / dawn
mayor
Alcalde (Alcanti)
armeasifia / toforget,
arroba (arruwa) / 25 lbs.
arroza (Arrusa) / rice
alcatafia / to trust
arsufia / to speak
aru / word
aruna ! night
ala pates ./ small market
alcohola (alcula) / alcohol
aljafia / to sell
allirokafia / to destroy
allojja / a lot, amply
alma / soul
almanifia / to have a soul to whom
to pray
amigo (amiju) / friend
=par aytafia / to raise the arm
ampar luc'ana / finger
ampara / hand
empi / isn't that so
amt401,. / to agree
amtasifia / to remember
amuqui / quiet
amuyeayafia / to advise
.
arumanthi / tomorrow morning
arumanthpacha / tomorrow (exactly)
asno (asnu) / donkey
asqui lurgwi / good piece of work
asquichafia / to arrange
auto (awtu) / car
autoni (autuni) / owner of a car
autot (ewtut) sarafia / to go by car
avisaHa / to inform
aviseafia /'to inform
awatifia / to graze, pasture
awatiri / shepherd
awayo / shawl.
awicha / grandmother
GLOSSARY
awqui / father, old man
awti / drought, autumn
awti pacha / rainy season
awtjatana / to be hungry
awtjafia / to be hungry
ay ampi / oh
ay chhuy / you don't say
aycha / meat
eykofia / to moan, groan
aynacha /down; south
aynach-inti / south
aynacht'afia / to fail
aynokafia / to put down long
objects
ayrufia / to plant
aytafia / to raise
azot'ifia / to Yhilp
azucara / sugar
azula / blue
bollsillo (pulsicu) / pocket
botella (putilla) / bottle
caballo (cawallu) / horse
caballot (cawallut) sarafia
to go on horseback
cafe (cawia) / coffee
caldo (caldu) / broth
calamina / tin roof
calentura (calintura) /
temperature
callachi / shoulder
camachafia / to do something
camisa / shirt
camisaqui / how are you
camiscafia / to be how
camsafia / to say what
cancha / sport's field
cana / cane
carga / load
caro (caru) / expensive
carta / letter
casarasifia / to get married
casaru / married
casofia / to be prudent
castellano (castillHnu) /
Spanish
catjafia / to catch
catokafia / to receive, welcome
catuntafia / to capture
catufia / to seize, take; fish
caturi / fisherman
478
cawcs / whera to
cawqha / where
cawqhana / where
cawqhata / from where
cawqui / where
cawquiacasquisa / 'where is (durative)
cawquWa / where is (punctual)
cawquiri / which
cawquits / from where.
caya / frozen oca
cayachafia / to make frozen oca
cayu / leg, foot
cayu luc'ana / toe
cayut sarafia / to go by foot
cebada (ciwara) / barley
cebolla (ciwulla) / onion
cerveza (cirwisa) / beer
clavo (calawu) / nail
coca (cuca) / coca
cocina (cucina) / kitchen
colerasifia / to get angry
color. (eulur) papela /-colored paper
color (culur) t'awra / dyed wool
colora (culura) / color
cosa (cusa) / thing
cuaderno (cutirnu) / notebook
cuartela / barrack
cuchillo / knife
cullaca / sister
cullaquita / young lady, miss
can ianejja / of course, why not'
thing
tuna / what
cunacha / what is it
cunalaycuti / because
cunama / how
cunHmats / in some way
cunamps / what else
cunanaca / things
cunapachasa / when
cunaru / for what
cunata / for what, why
cunaymani / every kind
cunca / neck
cunjamata / how come
cunjamsa / how
cusiscawifia / to be enjoying
cusisifia / to be happy
cuti / time (occasion)
cutinifia / to return
c'achha / slowly
c'achhata / slowly
c'awna / egg
catuyafia / to give over,
surrender
GLC,Wri:
479
c'umara / healthy
c'uarlfia / to be healthy
chaca / bridge
chacha / man, husband
chala / scarf
chamara / sack, coat
chawlla / fish
chawlla wallake / fish soup
cheka / true; place
chekpacha / certainly
chekpuni / (really) true
chica / together
chica uru / noon
chicachasifia / to join
chicat aruma / midnight
chicat nayra /
chicat pasata (pasata) / p.m.
chicata / half, middle
chiji / misfortune
chulluchafia / to wet, soak
Chuquiagu (Chuquiaju) / La Paz
doctors (tuctura) / doctor
doming() (tuminju) / Sunday
dulce (tulci) / candy
churafia / to give
chuym usuyafia / to resent
chuyma / heart
chuymjafia / to console
chha / let's see, so
chhakata / lost
chhakayana / to lose.
imantafia /to hide'
chhijchhi / hailstone
chhijchhi jareiri / person in
charge of controlling the
fall. of hail during the
cold season; a kind of
witchdoctor
chhiwchhi / little chicken
chhokha / duck
chhujchhu / malaria
ch'ajjch'uquipafia / to sprinkle
ch'ama / difficult; force
ch'amanYfia / to have strength
ch'amufia / to suck
ch'anqha / woolen thread
ch'ejje / gray
ch'ighi / intelligent
ch'iyara / black
ch'ojjfia / green
ch'oke / potato
chtokenifia / to have potatoes
ch'ucufia / to sew
ch'ucuyasifia / to have sewn
for oneself
ch'ufiu / frozen potato
ch'ufiuchana / to make frozen
potatoes
eknokafia / to put down flexible oc
soft objects
escuela / school
estancia / community
faltafia (phaltafia) / to lack
fiesta (fists) / party, fiesta
gastafia / to waste, spend
habas (jawasa) / beans
horasa / hour
horasapana / on time
ichjOsifia / to cradle in the arms
ichufia / to cradle
imana / to save
hide
imasina / to have (left)
imilla / girl
inacha / maybe, perhaps
inamaya / in vain
inRfia / to be free
inasa / maybe, perhaps
incienso (incinso) / incense
ingeniero (injiniro) / engineer
inti / sun
inti jalanta / sunset; west
inti ialsui u/Tsunrise; east
inurunaca /,orpays
inyecciona klntLcasiona)
iqui / dream
iquifia / to sleep; blanket
iquifiat sartafia / to get tp from 4:!:2e
'bed
iquYwa / place to sleep
irayasifia / to send
ircatafia / to face, confront
irpafia / to guide
isi / clothes
isthapitafia / to be dressed
ist'aiia / to listen, hear
iya / verrwell, okay
jabona (jawuna) / soap
jacafia / to live
jaceana / to count
jac'a / near
jac'u / flour
jacLafia / to cry
jacheyana / to cause to cry
GLOSSA RY
jachawYfia / to be crying
jachiri / one who cries
jach'a / big
jach'a tansa / tall
jach'a jach' tucufia / to become
proud
jake / person, man
jakUfia / to be, become a man
jakonucuila / to throw out
jakoquipafia / to turn over
jak'afia / threshing instrument
jalafia / to run
jalanifia /to come running
jalanta / sunset
italsu / sunrise
jalsufia / to jump
jallu / rain
jallufia / to rain
jalluntafia / to rain in
jamach'i / bird
jamp'i / toasted corn, barley
jamptina / to toast
jan / without
jan casosiri / imprudent
jan ucajja / if not, otherwise
jan ufit'ata / unknown
jan walt'ana / to miss
janc'a / fast, soon
janipini / never
janiraqui / nor, neither
janiwa / no, not
janjaw / I don't think so
jank'o / white
japu / burnt ash.
japuchafia / to burn herbs
jachufia / to count
jarekafia / to wash
jarina / to bathe, wash
jarisifia / to wash (oneself)
jarq'afia / to intercept, intercede
jathi / heavy
jathjafia / to weigh
jawira / river
jawk'afia / to thresh
jawsafia / to call over
jaya / far, distant
jayu / salt
jayp'u / afternoon
jayra / lazy
jayrasifia / to be lazy
jaysafia / to accept
jicjjatana / to obtain, receive
jichha / now
jicharmanthi / this morning
480
jichhpacha / right now
jichhu / straw
jichhUrcama / until today
jichhUru / today
jichjatafia / to meet
jila / brother
jilakata / leader of the community
jiliri / oldest
jina / let's go
jifichu / ear
ji;hani / back (body)
jiquifia / to meet
jiquisifia / to meet
jisa / yes
jisc'a / small
jisc'a tansa / short
jisceafia / to ask
jisearafia / to open
jiseararapifia / to open (for someone)
jiwafia / to die
jiwarayafia / to kill a great deal,
one by one
jiwasa / we (you and I)
jiwasanaca / we (you pl. and I)
jiwayafia / to kill
jiwq'i / jug used for toasting
juc'a / few, a little
jueampi / more
juc'at juc'ata / little by little
jucha / sin
juch'usa / thin
juma / you (sg.)
jumanaca / you (pl.)
junt'afia / to puncture
junt'u / hot
junt'u urea / breakfast
juneuchasifia / to warm oneself
jupa / he, she
they
jupanaca
juri / wet
jurichasifia / to get wet
jurintafia / to wet
jurparmanthi / yesterday morning
jurpayp'u / the day after tomorrow
in the afternonn
jurpUrojja / the day after tomorrow
jutafia / to come
jutir / next
jutjjafia / to come back
juyphi / frost
juyphi pacha / cold season, fros.
junhina / to be cold
juyra / food staples (not meal,
juyronitia / to have food staplec2
431
CIA5.1,21
kala /stone
kalarara / stony
kalltafia / to begin
kallu / suckling
kamiri / rich, rich person
kamirifla / to be rich
kapu / spindle
kapufia / to spin
karifia / to become tired
karjafia / to tire
karjatafia / to tire
kawkha / how much, how many
kawkhUru / in how many days
kawra / llama
kawra sullu / llama fetus
kellka /card
kallkafia / to write
kenaya / cloud
kilo (quilu) / kilo
koka / tree
koli / please
kolla /medicine
kollafia / to cure
kollasifia / ko cure oneself
kolliri / doctor
kollkefiey
kbllkenifia / to have money
kollu / hill
konkori / knee
konL'asiria / to sit
kora / grass
kota / lake
kotalaca / lake shore
khana / clear, light
khanjta / claim
khant'afia / to face, confront
kharayplu / tomorrow afternoon
kharUru / tomorrow
khatifla / to cook
khathu / market, fair
khech'afia / to irrigate
khepa / following
kheparafia / to remain, stay
khepata / after, immediately
khepeafia / to be late
khepUru / the following day
khollifia / to plow
kholliri / ploughman, farmer
khoru / bad
k'ala / all, completely
k'afiu / dirty
k'aflufia / to be dirty
k'apha / active
kepi / bundle
k'epifia / to carry a bund3u
k'ellu / yellow
k'oma / clean
k'omachafla / to clean
laca / mouth
laka / rapid
lakhofia / to lick
lak'a / ground, dust
lak'arara / covered with dust, duEty
lak'o / worm
lamana / large bowl
lampa / metal shovel
lanqhu / thick
lanti / instead of
lapiza / pencil
larcawifia / to be laithing
larusifia / to laugh
lawa / stick
laycu / for, for the sake of
leche (lichi) / milk.
lechuga (lichuga) / lettuce
leefia (liyifla ) / to read
Libra (liwra) / pound
libro Muni ) / book
lip'ichi / leather, hide, Ain,
liq'i / fat
liq'intafia /.to fatten
liwida / to fling, cast
liwinucufia / to cause to fall
liwisifia / to fall
lulu / little girl
lunesa (lunisa) / Monday
lunthatafia / to steal
lupi / sunshine
lupjafia / to feel the heat of the
luptifia / to think, reflect
lurafia / to do, work
lurayafia / to have made
llamayuda / to scrape notatoes, oca
llamp'u / uncooked llama fat
llamp'uptafia / to become soft
liaphi / docile
llgtunc tunca / ninety
ligtunca / nine
llaqui / pity
to be sad
llaquisifia
ilaquita / sad
lluch'u / cap
lluphafia / to cover
mg / one, a
machaka / new
mallk'a / throat
482
GLOSSARY
mama / mother, senora
mank'a / food
mank'afia / to eat
mank'ayafia / to feed
mantafia / to enter
mant'afia / to lend
manteca (mantica) / lard
maqui / quickly
maquina / machine
maqhatafia / to scale, ascend
mara / year
marca / town
martesa (martisa) / Tuesday
masarmanthi / yesterday morning
masayp'u / yesterday afternoon
mastiru / yesterday
maya / one
mayamps / no more, never again
mayaqui / all of a sudden
mayat mayata / one by one
mayifia / to ask for, request
maymara / last year
mayni / other
mayninaca / the others
maysajjata/the other way around
merk'e / rather old (only of
things)
mesa (misa) / table
faiercolesa (mirculisa) / Wednesday
millona (milluna) / million
minuto (minutu) / minute
mira / don't be like that, please
mistufia / to go out
miseufia / to allow to leave
mojjsa / sweet, savory
mojjsaptafia / to become sweet
morko / half used (only of
things)
munafia / to want: love; authority
mururafia / to cut (hair)
muspharafia / to wonder, marvel at
muyufia / to turn over
nanaca / we
naqhafia / to scald, burn, be
consumed by fire
naranja (laranqha, laranja) /
orange
nasa / nose
naya / I
nayra / early, before; eye
nayrakata / first
nayrap'u / the clay before yesterday
in the afternoon
nayrRrmanthi / the day before yesterday in the morning
nayreafia / to get ahead
nayritru / the day before yesterday
ni / no
nina / fire
niya / now, already
nuwala / brown
nuwala / to hit
fiek'e / mud
fiic'uta
/ hair
of icina (ophisina) / office
oke / grey
orake / ground, terrain
ovej kallu (iwij kallu) / lamb
ovej wanu / fertiIizdr
oveja (iwi3a) / sheep
pa / two
pa tunca / twenty
pasha / time,season
pachasifia / to doubt
pakallk tunca / seventy
pakallko / seven
pampa / pampa, plain
pankara / flower
pantalona / pants
pantjasifia / to be mistaken
pantjata i mistake
pantjayafia / to cause one to make
a mistake
papela / paper
parlafia / to talk
parlasifia / to converse
parleasifia / to talk
paru / wheat colored
pasafia / to endure
pasir mara / last year
pasir phajjsi / last month
pasir semana ( semana) / last wekk
pasto (pastu) / grass
pata / over
pataca / one hundred
pelanokafia / to pluck
pelota (piluta) / ball
pesada (pisata) / weighed
pico (picu) / pick
pichafia / to sweep
pichHfia / broom
pisi / lacking, less
483
GLOSSARY,
nisi chuyma / stupid
pisi chuymIiia / to be stupid
piseafia / to be consumed
pobre (puwri) / poor
pobrefia 64Wrifia) / to be poor
pokota / banana
pollera (pullira) / skirt
poncho (punchu) / poncho
ponchosifia / to put on a poncho
profesor (prufisura) / professor
.
puedifia (purifia ) ./ to be able
purirl:z / to arrive
puncu / door
puraca / stomach
purapa / both
puriwi / place of arrival
purum orake / virgin land
puruma / virgin land
pusi / four
pusi tunca / forty
putu / cave
phajjsi / month
phallafia / to explode
pharjafia / to be thirsty
pharjatafia / to be thirsty
/ to cook
phayafia
phayiri / cook
pheska / five
pheska pataca / five hundred
pheska tunca / fifty
phina [pile of potatoes, oca
phishi / cat
phisna / light (in weight)
phokhata / complete
phucha / daughter
phuchhafia / to burn piles of
dead grass
phuju / well (for water)
phuqhu / pot, pan
p'eke /head
p'ekefi usu /problem
p'itafia / to weave
queso (quisu) / cheese
quimsa / three
quimsa tunca / thirty
quimsakallk gunca / eighty
quimsakallko / eight
quinina / quinine
quintala / hundred-weight
quipata / in turn
quiptafia / to (re)turn
qhg / that over there
qharifia / to behead
qhaya / that over there
qhaygca / those places over there
qhitafia / to send
qhiti / who
qhuchi / pig
qhunu / snow
qhunu kollu / snow-covered mountain
qhurcata / on the other side
qhuri / way over there
qhuri maymKra / before last year
qhurYco / those places way over
there
q'ispifia / cookie made of quinua
rato (ratu) / a while, ,moment
rebajeafia / to lower
regalo (rijalu) / gift
reloj (relojo) / watch
rezayafia / to have prayers said
sabado (sawaru) / Saturday
saco (sacu) / sack, coat
samarafia / to rest
samareafia / to rest
safia / to say, speak
sapa / each
saplir / each day, daily
sarakafia / to go down
sarana / to go
sarnakafia / to walk
sarnakawi / living place
sartafia / to get up
sart'afia / to visit
to plant :(potatoes, out',
satafia
sawufia / to weave
sawurapiiia / to sew (for someone)
Secretario General (Sicritar
Ginirala) / Secretary General
semana (simana) / week
sicuya / hay
silla / chair
sinti / much
siwa / it is said
sojjta / six
sojjta tunca / sixty
sombrero (sumiru) / hat
sullca / youngest
suma / good, well
sumgfia / to be nice, fine (of things)
susufia / to hover (bird)
484
GLOSSARY
suti / nama
sutiyafia / to name, baptize
suyafia / to wait, expect
suycawifia / to be waiting all
the time
take / all
take chuyma / of good will
tama / flock, herd
tansa / stature
tanta / meeting
tantachasifia / to meet
tata / father, senor
tawako / young woman
tayca / mother
taypi / middle
techa, teja (tichu, tija) /
the roof
terno (tirnu ) / suit
tia (tiya, tiyala) / aunt
tienda (tinta) / store
tiempo (timpu) / time
tijera (tijira(sa)) / scissors
tincuyafia / to fall and stump
(a tree)
do (tiwu, tiwula) / uncle
tiwula / fox
Todos Santos (Tol Santu,
Turu Santu) / All
Saint's Day
tokefia / to quarrel
tomate (tumati) / tomato
tonko / corn
trabajafia (rawajafia) / to work
trabajonifia / to have work
tucufia / to finish become
tumpeafia / to miss
tunca / ten
tunca llatuficani / nineteen
tunca payani / eleven
tunca pakallkcini (:.seventeen
tunca
tunca
tunca
tunca
tunca
tunca
payani / twelve
pusini
fourteen
pheskani / fifteen
quimsakallkoni / eighteen
quiUsani / thirteen
sojjtani / sixteen
tupufia / to measure
turcafia / to change
turqui / change
tuyufia / to swim, float (in air
or water)
thakafia / to look for
thalafia
/ to shake, joly
thalayafia / to shake (out)
thantha f old (only of things)
thaqui / road
thaquichaila / to build a road
tharufia / to weed and turn over the
soil
thaya / cold; wind
thayafia / to be cold
thayjafia / to be cold
thokofia / to dance
thokori / dancer
thujsa / fetid, stinking
thujsafia / to stink
t'ajjsifia / t'ajjsufia / to wash
t'ant'a / bread
t'arwa / t'awra / wool
t'awr yawifia / to shear (wool)
t'awra liq'ichi / leather with tuts
of wool or fur on it
eugha / thin
eurufia / to eat toasted beans;
gnaw, chew
uca / that
ucaea / those places
ucalaycu / because of
ucampirusa / nor
ucarapisa / but
ucapacha / that time
ucapY / so it is
ucarjama / regarding that
ucaru / for that reason
ucata / therefore
ucatarac / take care
ucatraqui / take care
ucatsti / after, then
ucchaficama / in the meantime
ucjja / sufficiently, so (much)
ucqha / that moment
ucsa / immediately
ucsara / to that side
ucspacha / at once, immediately
uctiru / then
uchafia / to put, place
uchasifia / to put, place
uchayafia / to have taken
ujufia / to cough
ukhamaraqui / likewise
uma / water
umafia / to drink
485
GLOSSARY
umaptafia / to become water(y)
umata / drunk
ufiachayafia / to show
ufiaquipafia / to move the herd
from one place to another
uficatasi / in front of
ufichu'quifia / to llok at, watch
ufijafia / to take care of, see
ufijarafia / to look on all sides,
around
ufijasiri / one who takes care
ufijatafia / to look at
uastafia / to appear
ufitafia / to look, watch
ufit'afia / to %nag
uqhama / so
uru / day
usu / sickness
usuntana / to be seriously ill
usuta / to become sick
usuta / sick
usuta /to be sick
to maKe sick
usuyana
uta / house
uzachafia / to build
utachiri / builder
utani / master of the house.
utanifia / to have a house
utjafia / to have
uyu / yard, corral
uyu pata / on top of the corral
uywa / domestic animal
uywa uyu / corral, barnyard
uywafia / to raise
uywanifia / to have Oomestic
animals
vaca (waca) / cow
vaca kallu (waca kallu) / calf
vena (Wina) / vein
ventana (winana) / window
viernesa (mirnisa) / Friday
visitafia twisitana) / to visit
visiteafia (wisiteafia) /
to visit
waceafia / to correspond to;
fall to one's lot
waculla / large narrow - mouthed
pitcher
wac'a / sash
wajcha / orphan
wajjrafia / to gore
wajjrasiri / one who goras
wajjeafia / to present; invite
walarmanthi / yesterday morning
wali / very
raliptafia / to get better
waliqui / fine, well
wariquifia / to be well, fine
walja / much, many
walpini / very, certainly
walt'afia / to become accustomed to
walUru / day before yesterday
wallata / duck
wallpa / chicken
wanc'u / rabbit
waneu kallu / baby rabbit
want'afia / to dry up (something)
wanu / fertilizer
wafia / dry
wafiachafia / to dry (something)
wafisufia / to dry
waquichafia / to prepare
waquichasifia / to prepare oru
waquisifia / to be possible
waranka / thousand
waranucufia / to pour out
wararifia / to shout
wari / vicuña
warmi / woman, wife
yesterday morning
was ! rmanthi
wasayp'u / yesterday afternon
wasUru / yesterday
wasitata / again
wawa / son
wawachasicta / to give birth
,-ayna / young ran
wayucha / pitcher
wayunucuna / to threw out (with the
hands) (people, objects)
wayurana / to take out one by one
wily / red
wisghu / sandal
ygkafia / to respect
yakha / another, other
vakhepa / another, other
yHmas / at least
yHnaca / things
yanapafia / to help
yapu / plot of land, field
yapuchafia / to cultivate
yapuchliwi / place of sowing
486
GLOSSARY
yapuchiri / worker
yatekafia / to learn
yatichafia / to teach
yatichiri / teacher
Yatichirinifia / to have a teacher
yatina / to know
yatisifia / to get to know
yatiyafia / to make known,
communicate
yawifia / to shear, cut
yoka / son
yokalla / boy
yungasa (yuncasa) / yungas region
yuspagara ( yuspagara) / thanks
yuspagaraha (yuspajarafia) / to
thank
zapato (sapatu) / shoe

Aymara Lessons for Beginners

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