docPlant Kingdom Nonvascular Land Plants
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Plant Kingdom Nonvascular Land Plants
Groups of Living Plants Plant Kingdom Nonvascular Plants Mosses, Liverworts and Hornworts Seedless Vascular Plants Club mosses & spike mosses Whisk ferns Horsetails Ferns Mosses Liverworts Hornworts Nonvascular Plants Seedless Vascular Plants Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Seed Plants Angiosperms Nonvascular Land Plants Phylum: Bryophyta Mosses I. Phyla (25,000 species) 1. Bryophyta …… mosses 2. Hepaticophyta …… liverworts 3. Anthocerotophyta…… hornworts Capsule II. Unifying characteristics 1. No vascular tissue 2. No roots, stems and leaves 3. Dominant gametophyte 4. Sporophyte attached to gametophyte Sporophyte Seta or stalk Gametophyte Moss Reproduction: Male Gametophytes Mosses: Male gametophyte Sterile jacket Sperm Antheridium 1 Moss Life Cycle Sperm Neck Egg Antheridia Sporophyte = Capsule & Seta Archegonia Archegonium Egg Gametophytes Female gametophyte Liverworts (8000 species) Venter Protonema Spores (n) Liverwort Life Cycle 1. Flattened Gametophytes 2. Thallose (20%) 3. Leafy (80%) Asexual reproduction Gemmae in Gemmae cups Liverwort Antheridial Head of Male Gametophyte Antheridiophore Liverwort Female Gametophyte Archegoniophores Archegonium 2 Foot Liverwort Sporophyte Seta Capsule Spores Elaters END End Mosses & Liverworts Mosses & Liverworts Groups of Living Plants Nonvascular Plants Seedless Vascular Plants Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Fossil Lycopods Lycophyta Club mosses Ground pines Spike mosses Equisetophyta Horsetails Pterophyta Whisk ferns Ferns Lepidodendron All form antheridia and archegonia Seed Plants All have flagellated sperm Water required for fertilization Angiosperms Phylum: Lycophyta Club Mosses, Ground Pines & Spike mosses Phylum: Lycophyta Selaginella = spike moss ¾1200 species: tropical & temperate ¾Perennial,evergreen, branched ¾Leaves microphylls ¾Rhizomes & adventitious roots ¾Dominant sporophyte ¾Sporangia … strobilus ¾Free-living gametophytes 3 Fossil Horsetails Groups of Living Plants Nonvascular Plants Seedless Vascular Plants Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Lycophyta Club mosses Ground pines Spike mosses Calamites Equisetophyta Horsetails Pterophyta Whisk ferns Ferns Seed Plants Angiosperms Phylum: Equisetophyta Equisetum strobilus & sporangia Horsetails/ ScouringRushes/ Snake grass/ Joint Grass ¾Equisetum …15 species ¾Moist, temperature areas ¾Stems: Upright -Herbaceous, evergreen, jointed, fluted Rhizomes ¾Leaves: scalelike,whorls Sporangia in strobilus ¾Dominant sporophyte ¾Free-living gametophytes gametophyte rhizome Groups of Living Plants Nonvascular Plants Seedless Vascular Plants Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Seed Plants Lycophyta Club mosses, ground pines & spike mosses Equisetophyta Horsetails Pterophyta Whisk ferns Ferns Phylum: Pterophyta Ferns ¾365 genera, 11,000 species 75% tropical ¾Dominant sporophyte ¾Free-living gametophytes ¾Stem = rhizome ¾Leaves = fronds Often compound ¾Sporangia in a sorus (sori) Angiosperms 4 Sporangium Fern Vegetative Sporophyte Pinnae Frond or compound leaf sorus Fern gametophyte = prothallus Fern Life Cycle Gametophyte n = haploid 2n = Diploid Archegonium Mature frond Sporophyte Antheridium Gametophyte Rhizome Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fern Life Cycle Fern Life Cycle Gametophyte (Prothallus) Mitosis Spore Spore MEIOSIS MEIOSIS Mature sporangium n n 2n 2n Sorus (cluster of sporangia) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 5 Fern Life Cycle Fern Life Cycle Antheridium Gametophyte Archegonium Archegonium Spore Egg in archegonium n MEIOSIS Sporangium Sperm in antheridium 2n Egg Antheridium Gametophyte MEIOSIS n 2n Sperm FERTILIZATION Sporangium Embryo Young sporophyte Sorus Adult sporophyte Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Summary: Seedless Vascular Plants Gametophyte Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. END Mosses, Liverworts & Seedless Vascular Plants ¾Dominant Sporophyte ¾Vascular Tissue in sporophyte ¾Usually evergreen and herbaceous Free-living gametophytes All form antheridia & archegonia Motile sperm… External water for fertilization Phyla Lycophyta – club mosses, ground pines, spike mosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pterophyta – whisk ferns, ferns 6
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