Proceedings - Sistema Universitario Ana G. Méndez

Transcription

THE
ANA G. MÉNDEZ UNIVERSITY SYSTEM (AGMUS)
AND THE
STUDENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CENTER (SRDC)
AGMUS INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS
CARIBBEAN COMPUTING CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE
ARE PROUD TO HOST THE
WINTER 2012 PRE-COLLEGE
RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM
SHOWCASING MINORITY HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ MENTORED RESEARCH
Leadership at SUAGM Vice Presidency for Planning and Academic Affairs
Dr. Jorge L. Crespo Armáiz
Vice President for Planning and Academic Affairs
Juan F. Arratia, Ph. D.
Student Research Development Center
Executive Director
SHERATON PUERTO RICO CONVENTION CENTER HOTEL
SAN JUAN, PUERTO RICO
DECEMBER 15, 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………….
2
Ana G. Méndez University System (AGMUS) Profile …………………………..
3
Conference at a Glance ……………………………………………………………
4
Message from the Vice President for Planning and Academic Affairs
Dr. Jorge Crespo……………………………………………………………
5
Message from the Chancellor of Universidad Metropolitana
Dr. Carlos Padín, Acting Chancellor…………………………………………. 6
Message from the Chancellor of Universidad del Este
Carmen Ortega Dávila, Acting Chancellor.…………………………………… 7
Message from the Chancellor of Universidad del Turabo
Dr. Dennis Alicea…………………………………………………………..
8
Message from the Director and Principal Investigator
Dr. Juan F. Arratia …………………………………………………………
9
Prologue……………………………………………………………………………
10
Keynote Speaker…………………………………………………………………...
11
Research Mentors…………………………………………………………………..
12
Workshop Alice and Java Media Computation………………………………………... 18
AGMUS Institute of Mathematics…………………………………………………
19
Caribbean Computing Center for Excellence (CCCE) Alliance……………………
20
Schedule of Events …………………………………………………………………
21
Abstracts:
Astronomy………………………………………..………………….……...
Atmospheric Sciences………………………………………………………
Biology…………………………………………………………………..….
Genomics……………………………………………………………….…...
Bio-Mathematics…………………………………………………………….
Bio-Statistics………………………………………………………………...
Computational Chemistry………………………………………………….
Computer Sciences…………………………………………………………
Applied Mathematics………………………………………………………
Engineering…………………………………………………………………
Environmental Sciences…………………………………………………….
Applied Physics…………………………………………………………….
Robotics…………………………………………………………………….
Acknowledgments …………………………………………………………………
Index of Presenters ………………………………………………………………...
53
58
59
66
84
104
112
122
149
150
163
164
165
173
176
Ana G. Méndez University System
AGMUS Institute of Mathematics
Caribbean Computing Center for Excellence
MISSION
The Model Institutions for Excellence (MIE) award granted by the National Science Foundation
(NSF) helped transform Universidad Metropolitana (UMET) into a nationally recognized
undergraduate research institution, and a model in science, technology, engineering and
mathematics (STEM). Mentoring of undergraduates and pre-college students by research
mentors was the cornerstone of the MIE Project. We believe that creative research is one of the
best ways to prepare students to become persistent and successful in graduate school and
professional careers. Today, the Student Research Development Center (SRDC), which is part of
the Ana G. Méndez University System (AGMUS), is the entity that continues the MIE strategy
by impacting students from the AGMUS and universities across the nation, as well as pre-college
students from the Puerto Rico Educational System. Two NSF grants, the AGMUS Institute of
Mathematics and the Caribbean Computing Center for Excellence are the funding tools to
implement the mission of the Student Research Development Center in Puerto Rico.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Model Institutions for Excellence ended in 2009. The primary goal of this cooperative
agreement with NSF was to increase the number of BS degrees granted to underrepresented
students in STEM fields at Universidad Metropolitana. Over 247 UMET STEM majors got their
BS degrees and 156 were transfer to graduate school. In order to increase the number of BS
degrees transferred to graduate school, we will continue with the strategy of an early
undergraduate research program and partnership with key research institutions in the US
mainland, Puerto Rico and abroad. Research mentoring will be the central component of the
knowledge transfer and creative thinking activities at AGMUS. Cooperative and collaborative
learning strategies, presentations at scientific conferences, scientific writing and co-authorship,
technology literacy, and preparation for graduate school are activities that are transforming the
philosophy of the institution. Now, with the NSF grants, the AGMUS Institute of Mathematics
and the Caribbean Computing Center for Excellence, the goals are reaching institutions outside
the AGMUS campuses in Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands.
GOALS
The main goal of the Pre-College Research Symposium is to encourage pre-college research with
research mentors, develop students’ written and oral communication skills, provide a forum in
the Caribbean for students to foster interest in undergraduate education, particularly in STEM
fields, and set national research standards for pre-college research presentations.
ANA G. MENDEZ UNIVERSITY SYSTEM
STUDENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CENTER
AGMUS INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS
WINTER 2012 PRE-COLLEGE
RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM
CONFERENCE AT A GLANCE
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 15, 2012
SHERATON PR CONVENTION CENTER HOTEL
7:00 –8:00 a.m.
Registration
Breakfast
Poster Session Set-Up
7:30–8:00 a.m.
Judges’ Meeting
8:00–8:20 a.m.
8:20–11:00 a.m..
Opening Ceremony
San Juan Ballroom
Keynote Speaker: Dr. Barbara Ericson, Georgia Tech University
Poster Session
Miramar Ballroom
10:00–11:00 a.m
Coffee Break
11:00–12:50 m.
Oral Research Presentations
12:50–2:45 p.m.
Lunch
San Juan Ballroom
2:45–3:05 p.m.
Awards Ceremony and Closing Remarks
San Juan Ballroom
3:15 p.m.
Symposium Adjourns
Paseo San Juan Foyer
Paseo San Juan Foyer & Corridor
Miramar Ballroom
Laguna 2
Paseo San Juan Foyer & Corridor
Session I
Session II
Session III
Session IV
Laguna 1
Bahia 1
Bahia 2
San Felipe
WORKSHOPS FOR SCIENCE AND MATH TEACHERS
12:00 – 4:00 p.m.
“Alice and Java Media Computation”
Dr. Barbara Ericson, Georgia Tech University
San Cristobal Room
Developing Minds Through
Research Experiences
December 15, 2012
Dear Pre-College Students:
The Winter 2012 Pre-College Research Symposium is the culmination of the activities and dissemination process of
the Saturday Academy Program of the Ana G. Méndez University System (AGMUS). For a period of four months,
since August 2012, all of you, more than three hundred-thirty one pre-college students from ninety private and
public high schools in Puerto Rico worked long hours in the research laboratories of the AGMUS campuses,
Polytechnic University, Inter-American University-San Germán, Barranquitas, Bayamón and Metro, the University
of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez and Humacao, the University of the Virgin Islands, the Arecibo Observatory and María
Reina Academy, with the guidance and mentorship of fourty-eight professors and student research mentors in twohundred thirty-three research projects in the areas of astronomy, atmospheric sciences, biology, genomics, biomathematics, bio-statistics, computational chemistry, computer sciences, applied mathematics, engineering,
environmental sciences, physics, and robotics.
One of the objectives of the Winter 2012 Pre-College Research Symposium is to offer young motivated high school
researchers the opportunity to learn and to practice their communication skills in a formal professional scientific
meeting. A second objective is to give high school students of Puerto Rico a forum for the presentation of the
results and findings of their research projects to teachers, research mentors, family members, and the university
community at large.
The Ana G. Méndez University and the Student Research Development Center are proud of the results obtained by
the pre-college students and their mentors in the Winter 2012 Saturday Academy Program and the Winter 2012 PreCollege Research Symposium. I hope your experience inspires you and your peers to select science, technology,
engineering or mathematics as your field of study in the near future.
My sincere appreciation goes to the Student Research Development Center staff and student research mentors for
their effort and commitment to implement the Winter 2012 Saturday Academy Program and the Winter 2012 PreCollege Research Symposium. This event would not have been possible without the ongoing support of the
National Science Foundation and the NASA Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortium.
Sincerely yours,
Juan F. Arratia, Ph. D.
Executive Director and Principal Investigator
PO Box 21150
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00928-1150
Tel: 787.766.1717 x.6000
Fax: 787.751.5386
Web: http://srdc.suagm.edu
ANA G. MÉNDEZ UNIVERSITY SYSTEM (AGMUS)
As an Educational Institution
The Ana G. Méndez University System (AGMUS) is home to approximately 43,500 undergraduate and graduate students who
are mainly underrepresented low-income minority students from the Metropolitan San Juan area in Puerto Rico. Three
institutions form the AGMUS University System: Universidad Metropolitana (UMET), Universidad del Este (UNE), and
Universidad del Turabo (UT). UMET has been a teaching institution since its foundation in 1948. Today, however, its
philosophy has been changing to address the students’ study needs and the requirements of society. Our President, Dr. José F.
Méndez, has set the agenda to have it become the best undergraduate research institution in Puerto Rico. Additionally, the
President has set the goal to implement the MIE best practices at UNE and UT and transform AGMUS into a leading
undergraduate research institution through the Student Development Center at the Vice Presidency for Planning and Academic
Affairs.
As an Undergraduate Research Institution
In 1995, UMET was selected by the National Science Foundation as a Model Institution for Excellence (MIE) school. At that
time, a five-year Cooperative Agreement for more than $11 million was signed between UMET and the NSF. A second
Cooperative Agreement was signed on October 1, 2000 for an additional three years and for $7.5 million. The third phase of the
MIE grant for $2.5 million for three additional years was awarded on October 1, 2003. The main objective of the relationship
with NSF has been to transform UMET into a model for Hispanic Serving Institutions in the nation. Our major goal has been to
increase the number of BS degrees granted by UMET, to transfer a significant number of science students to graduate school, and
to enroll them in Ph. D. programs to fulfill the goals and aspirations of a greater participation of minorities in the science,
mathematics, and engineering fields. After 13 years of funding, UMET has been transformed through the MIE activities by
producing an effective pipeline from pre-college to undergraduate, and from undergraduate to graduate school for hundreds of
underrepresented minorities from Puerto Rico. It has also been transformed with faculty research mentors who are helping
science students create knowledge and disseminate creative thinking among the members of the university and pre-college
community. Our undergraduate and pre-college research program, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and NASA,
are paving the way for research-oriented activities for the benefit of Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands students.
PROLOGUE
The sponsorship of the National Science Foundation has been fundamental for the implementation of the Pre-College Program at
the Ana G. Méndez University System at Universidad Metropolitana. For thirteen years, the Model Institutions for Excellence
(MIE) Project organized the Saturday Academy Program. In 2006, a new dimension was established with the dissemination of
the MIE best practices into Universidad del Turabo and Universidad del Este (UNE) under the Student Research Development
Center. The main goal of this program is to motivate high school students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering
and mathematics at the BS and graduate levels. The Saturday Academy Program usually extends for sixteen weeks during the
months of August through December. Students from public and private schools, enrolled in grades 10, 11 and 12, conduct
research under the mentorship of faculty and student research mentors from AGMUS and institutions in the US mainland and
abroad. More than two thousand pre-college students have learned the fundamentals of scientific research through their
participation in the Saturday Academy Program at AGMUS. For the last six years, a symposium has been organized to present
the results of this activity to the university community and to motivate other Puerto Rican students to engage in scientific
research.
The Winter 2012 Pre-College Research Symposium showcases the research experiences of three-hundred thirty-one (331) precollege students from public and private high schools from Puerto Rico. The mentorship of faculty and undergraduate research
mentors made possible the concretization of the research projects. Their results are documented in the pages of these proceedings.
The National Science Foundation, the Ana G. Méndez University System, the Student Research Development Center and
institutions of the Caribbean Computing Center for Excellence across Puerto Rico and the US Virgin Islands are proud of the
research work conducted by the Saturday Academy Winter 2012 participants. We hope this Symposium will be a vehicle by
which the scientific productivity of high school students from Puerto Rico will be disseminated in future years.
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Dr. Barbara Ericson
Prof. Barbara Ericson is a research scientist at Georgia Tech University and is also a part-time PhD
student in Human Centered Computing. She has a bachelor’s and masters’ degrees in Computer Science.
She has developed and taught continuing education courses and undergraduate courses for Georgia Tech
University. At present, she is working for the Institute for Computing Education at the College of
Computing at Georgia Tech. She is trying to improve the quality and quantity of secondary computing
teachers. She is also trying to increase the quantity and diversity of CS students in Georgia. She has
worked in several research labs including General Motors Research Labs, Bell Communication Research,
and the Institute for Paper Science and Technology. She also worked at NCR and Clark Atlanta
University. Prof. Ericson is the author of several computer science textbooks on Media Computation in
Java, Media Computation in Phyton, Exploring Wonderland and Problem Solving with Data Structures
Using Java. She and her husband were the winners of the 2010 Karl V. Karlstrom Outstanding
Computing Educator Award. She is also the winner of the 2012 A. Richard Newton Educator Award for
her efforts to attract more females to computing. She has been working in computer science for over 20
years. She has worked on 3d graphics, artificial intelligence, robotics, medical informatics,
telecommunications, finite element analysis and object-oriented development.
RESEARCH MENTORS
Dr. Juan F. Arratia
Dr. Juan F. Arratia was born in Pomaire, Chile. He graduated from Universidad Técnica del Estado with a BS in
Electrical Engineering in 1973. He was awarded an MSc in Engineering from Louisiana Tech University, Ruston,
Louisiana, in 1979 and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri in
1985. He has taught and conducted research at universities in Chile (Universidad Técnica del Estado and
Universidad Austral de Chile), Puerto Rico (Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico and the University of Puerto
Rico-Mayaguez), and in the US mainland at Washington University, St. Louis, and Louisiana Tech University,
Ruston, Louisiana. He has lectured and given conferences on advanced automation, robotics, vision systems,
artificial intelligence, total quality management and science and engineering education in Chile, Bolivia, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Panama, Mexico, Brazil, Nicaragua, Perú, Canada, Spain, the Netherlands, Turkey, Japan, Philippines,
Singapore, Australia, China, Puerto Rico and in the US mainland. He was the Advanced Manufacturing Manager for
Medtronic, Inc., a leading pacemaker company, and is a consultant in advanced automation for pharmaceutical and
medical devices companies in Puerto Rico. From 1998 to 2006, he was the Director and Principal Investigator of the
Model Institutions for Excellence (MIE) Project, a National Science Foundation sponsored program based at
Universidad Metropolitana in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Since 2007, he has been the Executive Director of the Ana G.
Méndez University System (AGMUS) Student Research Development Center, designed to disseminate MIE best
practices at Universidad del Turabo and Universidad del Este. In November 2007 he was awarded the Presidential
Award for Excellence in Science, Mathematics and Engineering Mentoring at a ceremony in the White House in
Washington DC.
Yvonne Avilés
Yvonne Avilés has a B.S in Computer Engineering and a M.S. in Computer Engineering, both from the University
of Puerto Rico at its Mayaguez Campus.
In 2000, she started her career as a Software Engineer in the Research and Development Group for Lucent
Technologies in North Andover, MA. Within Lucent, she also worked in the hardware division as a Verification
Engineer. Later, fond of an academic environment, she pursued a teaching career at Inter-American University of
Puerto Rico in San Germán, as a Computer Science Professor. Prof. Avilés teaches computer programming,
computer graphics, and discrete mathematics at the undergraduate level.
Katherine Calderón Mojica
Katherine Calderón Mojica is an undergraduate student of the bachelor’s degree in industrial chemistry at the
University of Puerto Rico at Humacao. In July 2011, she obtained her Associate Degree in Chemical Technology at
the University of Puerto Rico at Humacao. She is a Scholar student in the Caribbean Computing Center
for Excellence. She has made several summer internships related to the area of computational chemistry at Jackson
State University in Mississippi where she received recognition as the second place in an oral presentation for
organic chemistry research in the computational chemistry area. She currently works as a computational chemistry
mentor in the Broadening Participation in Computing Alliance program (NSF-BPCA) at UPRH. She also works at
the UPRH CADA (Centro de Apoyo y Desarrollo Académico) program to help students in the tutorials of general
chemistry and organic chemistry. She wants to continue studying towards an MD /PhD in organic chemistry. Her
great desire in the professional field of chemistry area is to become a professor of organic chemistry.
Joehan B. Carrasquillo
Born in Fajardo, Puerto Rico, Joehan Benjamin Carrasquillo-García had aspirations of being an electrical engineer
since an early age. While in high school, he enrolled in a pre-college engineering program called Steps. Currently he
is studying Electrical and Computer Engineering wishing to continue his studies in graduate school. He has
participated in two internship opportunities “Integration of SIFT Computer Vision Algorithm to the Tekkotsu
Famework” and “Emulation of a HEV Battery on a Power-Supply” at Carnegie Mellon (Pittsburgh, PA.) and
Michigan Tech (Houghton, MI) Universities respectively, both internship opportunities under the National Science
Foundation Research Experience for Undergraduates program. He has also participated in various design projects
under the “MEPI BioGen” Co. of the University of Turabo (Gurabo, PR.) and other design opportunities. Joehan is
currently in his senior year, and applying for graduate school. Much of the things he has accomplished are thanks to
the NSF (National Science Foundation), AGMUS (the Ana G. Mendez University System), the SRDC (Student
Research Development Center) and the CCCE (Caribbean Computing Center for Excellence) and their support.
Laysa Michelle Claudio González
Laysa M. Claudio González is an undergraduate student of the B.A. in Industrial Chemistry at the University of
Puerto Rico at Humacao. She graduated from an Associate Degree in Chemical Technology at the University of
Puerto Rico at Humacao in June 2011. She loved chemistry and that is the reason why she learned computational
chemistry, especially computational biochemistry through the Broadening Participation in Computing Alliance
(NSF-BPCA) program at the University of Puerto Rico at Humacao. Before being a mentor, she was assistant
mentor in Computational Chemistry. In the future, she wants to obtain an M.D./P.h.D in Surgery. She also wants
work in an investigation about cancer, and investigate proteins that are essential in vital processes and on the
analysis of human DNA, but with a focus on chemistry.
Alvaro Lecompte Montes
Alvaro Lecompte is a mechanical engineer. He has a BS in mathematics and physics from the University of Los
Andes, Colombia. He has an MS and Dr.rer.nat in Physics from the University of Vienna, Austria. He has had a long
career as university professor of mathematics and physics and is currently Coordinator of the Master Program in
Applied Mathematics at Inter American University, San German Campus. His research areas have been focused on
mathematical physics, particularly quantum statistical physics, with its applications to thermodynamics and quantum
information theory. He teaches mathematical methods in science courses both at the undergraduate and graduate
levels.
Prof. Guillermo Mejía
Professor Guillermo Mejía is full-time Assistant Professor since 1976, with areas of expertise in C#, Visual Basic,
ASP.NET, Intel Assembly Language, Visual C++, and Object-oriented programming. His teaching interest is in
Networks and multiprogramming. He has been teaching computer programming at Inter American University since
1985, always working with students trying to get them interested in Computer Science careers.
Dr. Marlio Paredes
Dr. Paredes was born in Cali, Colombia. He has a B.S. and an M.S. in Mathematics, both from Universidad del
Valle in Cali, Colombia. In 2000 he obtained a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the State University of Campinas in
Brazil and his specialization area is Differential Geometry and its applications. He has published several scientific
papers in specialized journals; his research work is in a variety of areas such as Combinatorics, Differential
Geometry, Differential Equations, Applied Mathematics and Mathematical Education. In 2001 he published a paper
with Professor Brendan McKay from Australian National University and as a consequence he was included in the
famous Erdös Number List (http://www.oakland.edu/enp/) obtaining Erdös Number 2. He has taught and
conducted research at universities in Colombia (Universidad del Valle and Universidad Industrial de Santander),
Brazil (State University of Campinas) and Puerto Rico (Universidad del Turabo). He has lectured and given
conferences in Colombia, Brazil, México, Puerto Rico, Canada and the United States. Dr. Paredes has held academic
positions such as Director of the School of Mathematics and Research Director of the Faculty of Science at
Universidad Industrial de Santander, Colombia. At this moment he is Co-PI of the NSF project BPC-A: Caribbean
Computing Center for Excellence at Universidad del Turabo and he is also Mathematics curriculum specialist of the
Turabo Math and Science Alliance (AMCT, Spanish acronym).
Dr. Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo
Dr. Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo is a professor of Chemistry at the School of Science and Technology at Universidad
Metropolitana in San Juan. She has a Ph.D in materials science from the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez
Campus. She also has a post-doctoral training at Jackson State University in Jackson, MS. Dr. Primera has been
involved in research activities related to areas of nanotechnology and synthesis of nanomaterials using the wetchemistry approach and vibrational spectroscopy for seven years. Her research interests are the synthesis and
surface modification of silver and gold nanoparticles and semiconductors as cadmium selenide and lead selnide
quantum dots. Also, the IR/Raman spectroscopies and Susrface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) applied to
chemical and biological detection. Dr. Primera has several publications in peer reviewed journals and proceedings,
and has made oral and poster presentations in national and international meetings. Some important contributions
have been disseminated in well-known ACS meetings, NANO-DDS, SPIE conferences in explosive detection
sponsored by the International Society for Optical Engineering. In addition, Dr. Primera has a solid experience in
mentoring pre-college, undergraduate and graduate students not only in research but also in their academic goals. As
part of the formation of her undergraduate students, they are authors and coauthors of some publications. Dr.
Primera also has mentored students from universities such as Pittsburg, Northeastern and Polytechnic Institute in
NY as part of NSF sponsored REU programs during UPRM- summer sessions. In addition, Dr. Primera has
participated in the organization of NanoDays educational activities in PuertRico and she has been a judge in national
pre-college Science Fairs in Puerto Rico and Mississippi. She currently has start-up funds projects with the Institute
for Functionalization Materials (IFN) from the University of Puerto Rico sponsored by the National Science
Foundation (NSF). She is a member of the American Chemical Society (ACS) and Material Research Society
(MRS).
Ramón Rivera Varona
Ramón Rivera Varona is a Mechanical Engineer with extensive experience, management skills and work at the
Plasma Laboratory at the Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico. The Plasma Engineering Laboratory is currently
developing research on basic physics of electron cyclotron resonance, ion implantation in a diversity of materials,
basic research in the use of plasma for energy production, plasma diagnostic using electrostatic probes and magnetic
field of confinement. As a scientist, he is responsible for the development of this machine that has the advantage of
magnetically confining stable plasma. Ramon Rivera Varona won Second Place Award in the Annual Arizona
Student Research Conference poster presentation in 2007, Third Place Award in The Eastern Technical Career
Conference in October 2006, Second Place Award in the Annual Arizona Student Research Conference poster
presentation in 2006, and received a certificate of achievement from NASA Living with a Star/Solar Probe for
demonstrated cooperation, initiative, and outstanding performance as member of the Solar Probe Plasma Testing in
August 2006.
Natalia C. Santiago
Natalia Cristal Santiago Merced started as a pre-college student at Universidad Metropolitana. Her early research
experience was in the Spring 2009 Saturday Academy Pre-College Program at Universidad Metropolitana (UMET).
She conducted the research “Study of Differences and Consequences in Mutations of the SGSH Gene.” Santiago
Merced presented her research on May 23, 2009 at the Spring 2009 Pre-College Research Symposium sponsored by
the Ana G. Méndez University System(AGMUS) in San Juan, Puerto Rico. She was awarded the Best Poster
Presentation. In the summer of 2009, Natalia participated in a research internship at the University of Vermont. She
was accepted in the Early Admission Program and was a freshman in the Bio-Mathematics BS at Universidad
Metropolitana in the Fall of 2009. Natalia participated in another research in the Fall of 2009 at the Saturday
Academy Pre-College Program at UMET. She conducted the research “Comparison of Phosphorus and Macroinvertebrates in Two Streams Surrounded by Different Ecosystems” and presented it at the Fall 2009 Pre-College
Research Symposium. She was awarded the Best Poster Presentation. She participated in the Spring 2010 Saturday
Academy Pre-College Program at UMET and conducted the research “Comparison of Phosphorus and
Macroinvertebrates in Two Streams Surrounded by Different Ecosystems” and presented it at the Spring 2010 PreCollege Research Symposium. She was awarded the Best Poster Presentation. In the summer of 2010, she
participated in a research internship at the University of Vermont. Natalia conducted the research “Relationship of
Lotic Macroinvertebrates Communities to Phosphorus and Suspended Solids” and presented it at some symposiums
including the XXI Research Symposium and SACNAS. In the summer 2011, she participated in a research
internship at Arizona State University and conducted the research “Evolutionary Analysis of Disease-Associated of
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Gene (FGFR3 Gene),” which she presented at the AGMUS 2011 Research
Symposium sponsored.
Brenda C. Torres
Brenda C. Torres is a first year student from the doctoral program of Environmental Sciences with concentration of
Biology, at the Turabo University. She holds a bachelor degree on Computer Engineering, with Mathematics and
Statistics as a second concentration, from Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral obtained in Guayaquil, Ecuador;
country where she comes from. Also, she completed a master degree in Mathematics and Statistics in 2009 in Puerto
Rico. Her research was about statistics model to describe and classify senior people living in Spain according to
their leisure time habits. The results of her investigation were presented at the SACNAS Conference in San José,
California in October 2011. Her interests about life science motivated her to begin the PhD program at Turabo
University in August 2011. She is currently studying stochastic differential equations to model pollution issues. Her
strong background and teaching experiences as TA while she was enrolled at the master program, and as former
mentor of the AFAMAC program, led her to participate since August 2011 as a mentor in the biostatistics and
genomics division at Turabo University. She is also interested in genomics and modeling as fields of research.
Pieter Van der Meer
After obtaining a Master’s Degree in Civil Engineering with a major in Transportation using Geographic
Information Systems (GIS) as an analysis tool, Pieter Van der Meer joined the University of Puerto Rico at
Mayagüez as a GIS Specialist. He became a facilitator, coordinator and Lab Instructor of the Laboratory for Applied
Remote Sensing and Image Processing (LARSIP) from NASA, located within the facilities of the Department of
Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus. He was instrumental in
creating a “Research Culture” in LARSIP during the summer and between semesters by starting and continuing a
LARSIP Summer Research Program for high school and undergraduate students during the1990s. The high school
students were attending various high schools in the Mayagüez and San Germán areas. The emphasis of the research
program was on hands-on training in the use of computers and on research topics using the Internet. In addition, the
students were required to prepare abstracts and papers and give presentations to their colleagues at conferences
about their topic of interest. In 1998, he was instrumental in receiving the five-year (later extended to seven)
Partnership for Spatial and Computational Research (PaSCoR) award from NASA to provide undergraduate
students the opportunity to experience for the first time on the Mayagüez Campus an academic environment for
multidisciplinary training in several faculties: College of Agricultural Sciences, Arts and Sciences and Engineering
as desired by the Accreditation Board of Engineering and Technology, also called ABET 2000. Through PaSCoR,
the next generation of multidisciplinary Scientists and Engineers received a well balanced education of theory in
several disciplines together with a strong component of hands-on training and practice. The intention was and still is
to prepare the students adequately for the real world without extensive additional education and training at the
company’s or government’s expense.
Edgardo Luis Vázquez Rodríguez was born in San Juan, Puerto Rico. His hobbies include
playing the trumpet in big bands, jazz orchestras, and popular music orchestras. From playing the trumpet, Edgardo
has participated in numerous international jazz festivals including the Heineken Jazz Festival (held in Puerto Rico)
and the International Jazz Festival from Carolina. In June 2007, he was admitted in the first extracurricular
specialized school of science, mathematics, technology and languages (also known as Escuela Pa’los Duros) in
Carolina, Puerto Rico. This specialized school helped Edgardo realize and reach his potential in mathematics. In his
last year in the school he had the opportunity of attending the AGMUS Saturday Academy where he worked on two
pre-college research projects in the areas of genomics entitled A Computational Study of Amino Acid Substitution in
the SMPD1 Gene (2009) and A Computational Study of Amino Acid Substitution in the RASAL 1 Gene (2010) which
he later presented in pre-college conferences. Edgardo graduated with honors in 2010 from Saint Francis School and
Pa’los Duros. Then he attended his first summer internship at Universidad Metropolitana (UMET) where he
conducted his third research entitled Pandemic of AH1N1 Influenza Virus and Vaccination Effectiveness (2010).
After the internship, Edgardo started college at UMET studying Bio-Mathematics with a full scholarship from the
National Science Foundation. During his freshman year, he attended two national conferences in the United States
presenting his summer research- the 68th Joint Annual Meeting of the BKX Honor Society/National Institute of
Science (held in Atlanta, Georgia) and the 2011 Richard Tapia Conference (held in San Francisco, California).
Later, in the summer of 2011, he attended an the Massachusets Institute of Technology (MIT), where he conducted
his fourth research, Hierarchical Analysis of Music and Spider Silk using Category Theory. Edgardo attended the
Society for the Advancement Hispanics, Chicanos & Native Americans in Science (SACNAS) 2011 conference
(held in San Jose, California), and the 2012 Joint Mathematical Meeting (held in Boston, Massachusetts). He is
currently a mentor in the AGMUS Saturday Academy in the areas of Genomics, Bio-Statistics, and BioMathematics, which is his main major at UMET.
The Caribbean Computing Center for Excellence
invites you to participate in the workshop for teachers:
Offered by
Dr. Barbara Ericson
From: Georgia Tech University
Date: Saturday, December 15, 2012
Time: 1:00-5:00pm
Place: Sheraton Puerto Rico Convention
Center Hotel
San Juan, P.R.
For registration, go to:
http://srdc.suagm.edu/Symposia/Winter12/
workshop_registration.html
FOR INFORMATION CONTACT:
Tomas Yan, CCCE Coordinator
Tel. (787)766-1717 ext. 6945
Email: [email protected]
Teachers who complete the workshop will receive a $50.00 stipend.
Please confirm. Limited spaces. Parking Not Included. Please bring your
own personal computer. It is required to know Java and Alice.
Universidad Metropolitana
The history of the AGMUS Institute of Mathematics began on September 1, 2008 when the National Science
Foundation awarded UMET a five-year grant for $2,100,000 to implement a program to enhance bio mathematics
at the Ana G. Méndez University System. The grant created a BS in Bio-Mathematics with scholarship
opportunities for students with a GPA of 3.00 or higher and a commitment to pursue graduate studies in partner
institutions in the US mainland. During the summer, math scholars will travel to research institutions in the US
mainland to work in research for a period of 8-10 weeks. A pre-college research agenda will be implemented on
Saturdays under the Saturday Academy of the Student Research Development Center (SRDC) of the VicePresidency for Planning and Academic Affairs. Scholars of the AGMUS Institute of Mathematics will present
research outcomes in symposia at the pre-college and undergraduate levels
SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM
· Scholarship for the cost of Registration*
· Stipend of $400*
*This stipend is computed according to the student GPA and is subject to renovation is accordance with
academic progress.
ELIGIBILITY
· Be admitted at the Department of Science and Technology at UMET in the Bachelor Degree in Bio-Mathematics.
New Students
· Have a general high school average (GPA) of 3.00 or higher
- Score of 600 or higher in the math section of the College Board Exam.
Transferred Students
· Have a general high school average (GPA) of 3.00
For more information contact :
Wanda I. Rodríguez Lugo
Coordinator of Institute of Mathematics
Tel: (787) 766-1717 x6009
Fax: (787)751-5386
Email. [email protected]
[email protected]
Web Page: http://www.suagm.edu/umet/im/
RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES FOR
GRADE 10, 11 AND 12 STUDENTS IN:
STARTING DATE: JANUARY 19 – MAY 11, 2013
WORKING HOURS: 8:00am – 12:00n
PRE-COLLEGE RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM: MAY 11, 2013
AGMUS INSTITUTE OF MATHEMATICS SATURDAY ACADEMY SITES:
UMET, UNE, TURABO, UPR-MAYAGUEZ
RESEARSCH AREAS: GENOMICS, BIO-MATHEMATICS, BIO-STATISTICS AND GEO-SCIENCE,
APPLIED MATHEMATICS
CARIBBEAN COMPUTING CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE SATURDAY ACADEMY SITE:
UMET, UNE, TURABO, UPR-MAYAGUEZ, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA, INTER-METRO, INTER
SAN GERMAN, INTER-BAYAMON, INTER-BARRANQUITA, ARECIBO OBSERVATORY
RESEARCH AREAS: COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING
FOR MORE INFORMATION CONTACT :
Wanda I. Rodríguez, Institute of Mathematics Coordinator
Tomas Yan, CCCE Coordinator
TEL. 787.766-1717 ext. 6009,6945
EMAIL. [email protected]
[email protected]
Requirement:
GPA > 3.00
Interest in sciences and mathematics
Letter of recommendation for science or
math teacher and Official transcript
For registration: http://www.suagm.edu/umet/im/precollege or http://ccce.suagm.edu/
SCHEDULE OF EVENTS
SATURDAY, DECEMBER 15, 2012 SHERATON PR CONVENTION CENTER HOTEL
7:00 – 8:00 a.m.
POSTER SESSION SET-UP
Breakfast
REGISTRATION
8:00 – 8:20 a.m.
OPENING CEREMONY
Welcome
Miramar Ballroom
Paseo SJ Foyer & Corridor
Paseo San Juan Foyer
San Juan Ballroom
: Dr. Juan F. Arratia, Executive Director
Keynote Speaker: Dr. Barbara Ericson, Georgia Tech University
8:20 – 10:40 a.m.
POSTER SESSION
MIRAMAR BALLROOM
ASTRONOMY, ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES,
BIOLOGY, GENOMICS, BIO-MATHEMATICS, BIOSTATISTICS, COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY,
COMPUTER SCIENCES, APPLIED MATHEMATICS
ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES,
PHYSICS, NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ROBOTICS
Chairperson: Dr. Juan F. Arratia, Universidad Metropolitana
ASTRONOMY
César Del Valle; La Milagrosa School, Arecibo, Puerto
Rico.
1
Bana Space Settlement: Life Support
BEST
POSTER
Joel E. Fuentes, CROEM High School, Mayagüez,
Puerto Rico.
Cosmic Ray Muons: Zenith Angle Related Flux Intensity
Equation and Energy Radiation Comparison
**ORAL**
2
3
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
José Antonio Cesaní Rivera, Immaculate Conception
Academy, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
4
The Different Colors of Fire
BIOLOGY
María Teresa Arroyo, Southwestern Educational
Society (SESO), Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
5
Which Involuntary Physiological Response is the Most
Common when a Subject is Submitted to a Polygraph
Test?
Dafne Cordero and Coralia Durán, Inmaculada
Concepción School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
6
The Neurological Effects and Observations of General
Anesthesia
Viviani López, Immaculate Conception Academy,
Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
7
The Hair Loss Effect of Tobacco Smoking
Chelsea Marrero, Christian Nazarene Academy, Toa Baja,
Puerto Rico.
Edmilaudy González, Dr. Agustin Stahl High School,
Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
8
Synthesis of Gold Nanospheres-Citrate Capped and Silver
Hidroxylamine: Stability Effect on the RPMI-1640 Cell
Astrid M. Martínez Peña, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo
Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
9
Statistic Study of Bacteria Growth Inhibition Using CdSe
Quantum Dots
Teddy Medina, Southwestern Educational Society
(SESO), Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Treating Cancer Cells with Different Substances and
Comparing the Results
10
Roberto Olayo, Inmaculada Concepción Academy,
11
Analyzing Growth of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae After
Being Exposed to UV Light Using Matlab
GENOMICS
Saimara Alejandro and Gian C. Padilla, Bautista de
Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
12
Whole Genome Prediction for Clinical Use Studies of
Hispanics
Silkia M. Alvarado Zayas, Santa Teresita Academy,
Naranjito, Puerto Rico.
13
No Show
Bioinformatics Study of Lamin-A
BEST
POSTER
Natalia Amaral, Puertorriqueño de Niñas School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
14
Bioinformatics Study of MECP2
Kristie Caminero and Karilys Rodríguez, Bautista de
15
Whole Genome Prediction for Clinical Use in Adults
Zoribel Cordero and Carolyn M. Colón, Bautista de
16
Whole Genome Prediction With Sleep Apnea Studies
Amanda M. Crastz Flores, Nuestra Señora de la
Providencia School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
17
Comparative Analysis of a Depletion on the AGK Gene
in Two Organisms that Cause Sengers Syndrome
Kilian Crastz Flores, Nuestra Señora de la Providencia
School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Comparative Analysis of the Protein that Causes
Polydactyly on Different Species
18
Jamie Lee Cruz Ortiz, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo
19
Bioinformatics Study of Proteins Related to the
Fibromyalgia Disease
Ian Febus and Natalie González, Caguas Military
Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
20
Mutations on the Gene GATA2 of Moebius Syndrome
Nacexlyn Flores, Isabel Flores School, Juncos, Puerto
Rico.
21
Application of Punnett Square to Equine Coat Color
Genetics
Maroly C. González-Pérez, Papa Juan XXIII High
School, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
22
Bioinformatics Analysis of Neurofibromin and Merlin
Proteins
Michael Hicks, Diocesano Santiago Apóstol School,
Fajardo, Puerto Rico.
23
Computational Study of Hypophosphatasia Including
Amino Acid Substitution of the ALPL Protein
Carlos A. Huang-Zhu, Virginia S. Rodríguez-Domínguez,
Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
24
Bioinformatics Study of SPRED1 and SPRED2
Jonathan López de
León,
C.R.O.E.M.
School,
25
Bioinformatics Study of the Filaggrin Protein as a Cause
of Atopic Dermatitis
Natalie López Rodríguez, Inmaculada Concepción
Academy, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
26
Stability and Verification of TATP Fragment Cation in
Gas Phase
José Luis Marrero, Santa Teresita Academy, Naranjito,
27
Puerto Rico.
Bioinformatics Study of the SLC26A2 Protein
Michael Nieves, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
28
NO SHOW
Genetic Prediction Under Diabetic Neuropathy Study
Natalie A. Nieves Echevarría, Papa Juan XXIII High School,
29
The Analysis of the Mutation in COL1A1 and COL1A2 Genes
Using Bioinformatics Tools
Miguel Ortiz Mercado, University High School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
30
SIFT Probability of Amino Acid Substitution Tolerance
of Coagulation Factor VII
Jaymarie Osorio, Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo,
Puerto Rico.
31
Mutations in the Gene GNAS1 of the Mccune-Albright
Syndrome
Rodney P. Padovani Casanova, Luterano School,
Carolina, Puerto Rico.
32
Computational Study of Syndrome MODY3 Involving
the Protein HNF-1Α
Andrea Rivera, Carvin School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
33
Computational Study of Amino Acid Substitution of the
OTC Gene
Zoralis L. Rosa-Mercado, Levittown Baptist Academy,
Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
34
Bioinformatic Analysis of SOX10 in the Waardenburg
Syndrome
Lizette Sáez, Santa María del Camino School, Carolina,
Puerto Rico.
35
Bioinformatics Analysis of Friedreich Ataxia Disease
36
Kathyana P. Santiago Mangual, Puertorriqueño de
Niñas School, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
Bioinformatics Study of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
in Women
Andrea Sosa, San Rafael School, Quebradillas, Puerto
Rico.
Deysharee M. López, Calasanz School, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
Whole Genome
Adolescents
Prediction
for
Clinical
Use
37
in
Gabriela D. Talavera-Santiago, Santa María del
Camino School, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico.
38
Bioinformatics Analysis of the ABCD1 Mutation that
Causes X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
John D. Vélez Rivera, Vocational High School, Fajardo,
Puerto Rico.
39
Amino Acid Sequence Bioinformatic Analysis in HGD
BIO-MATHEMATICS
Joshua J. Adames Avilés, San Rafael Arcángel School,
Quebradillas, Puerto Rico.
40
How a Person can be Ecofriendly Depending on Energy
Usage
Hermes Aponte, Bonneville School, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
41
The Mathematical Modeling of Vascular and Avascular
Breast Cancer
Jesús Aponte, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos,
Puerto Rico.
Optimal Tire Pressure for the Best Durability
42
Alondra Y. Báez, Manuela Toro Morice High School,
Caguas, Puerto Rico.
43
A Statistical Model to Analyze Ozone Depletion Due to
CFC Emissions
Nydiana Benítez, Isidro A. Sánchez School, Luquillo,
Puerto Rico.
44
Analysis of Amino Acid Substitution Tolerance of the
MRP6 Protein
Gabriel Castro, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
45
Descriptive Analysis of Dengue Fever in Puerto Rico
Kalijah Chapman and Kristal Román, Educación
Bilingüe de Cidra School, Cidra, Puerto Rico.
46
The Comparison of the Von Williebrand Gene in Homo
Sapiens and Mus musculus
Nicohl I. Cintrón Rodríguez, University Gardens High
HIV Transmission Statistics Using the SIR Mathematical
Model
Keren Cruz, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
47
48
The Destruction of the Human Body through the Use of
Alcohol
Bryan Fuentes, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
49
Prediction Model for the Bee Colony Collapse Disorder
BEST
POSTER
Laura García Canto, University Gardens High School,
San Juan, Puerto Rico.
50
Studying Sleep Patterns Using Mathematical Models
Fernando Guzmán, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos,
Puerto Rico.
51
Relationship Between Unemployment and HomicidesMurders in Puerto Rico
Michael Hernández, Christian Nazarene Academy,
Levittown, Puerto Rico.
52
Implications of Oxidative Process in Genes Related to
Diabetes Mellitus
Esteban López Merced, Nuestra Señora de la Merced
53
How Water Quality Affects the Biodiversity of El
Yunque
Leysa A. López González and Verónica C. Fraguada
Rodríguez, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto
Rico.
54
Statistical Analysis of the Components of Milk in
Different Species
Carol Mercado Santana, José Collazo Colón School,
Juncos, Puerto Rico.
55
Descriptive Analysis of Sexual Abuse in Puerto Rican
Women
BEST
POSTER
Eduardo Pagán, University Gardens High School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
56
A Disease Called Asthma
Luana M. Paredes Sánchez, Notre Dame School,
57
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors and Their Application in
the Inheritance Evolution of Batten Disease
Abner Pérez Cabán, Nuestra Señora de la Merced, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
58
Mortality Relationship Between Adult Women and Fetus
Miriam Ramos, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
59
Computational Study of GAP Junction Beta1 Mutation in
Peripheral Nerves
Aryam N. Rivera Ortíz, Homeschooler, Caguas, Puerto
Rico.
60
Comparison of Asthma Tendencies in United States
Isabel C. Ruíz, University Gardens High School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
61
The Effect of Propinibacterium acne on the Exposition
by Red and Blue Light
Luis E. Ruíz Colón, University Gardens High School,
62
Probability of High and Low Cholesterol
Marcos Sánchez Navarro, Bonneville School, Carolina,
Puerto Rico.
63
Green Iguanas and Their Effect on Puerto Rico’s
Biodiversity and Ecosystems
Shyline Santana, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy,
64
Suicide Rates in Puerto Rico
Yamilette Santiago
Rodríguez,
Carvin
School,
65
Computational Study of Amino Acid Substitution of the
PKLR Protein
Eugenio Sarritzu, University Gardens High School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
66
Malaria as a Mathematical Model
Sara Torres, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Computational Study of the MECP2 Protein that Causes
Rett Syndrome
67
Adrián Manuel Vázquez, Cristo Redentor School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
68
Factors Affecting Suicide Rates in the United States
Andrea Vázquez Quiles, Christian Nazarene Academy,
69
The Effect of the Creutzfeldt- Jakob Disease in Humans
Alicia Vega, Notre Dame School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
70
Application of Mendelian Laws and Punnett Square to
Study Inheritance of Autosomal Dominant Von
Williebrand Disease
BIO-STATISTICS
Fabiola Agramonte, María Reina Academy, Guaynabo,
Puerto Rico.
71
Alternative Home Cooling Method (Phase II): Flat vs
Bended Metal Reflectors
BEST
POSTER
Ian Chaar, Christian Nazarene Academy, Levittown,
Puerto Rico.
72
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Elisa Test
Adria Cotto, Melanie Ortiz, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo
73
Smoking and its Effects on the Human Corporal
Temperature
Karina I. Cruz Rivera, María T. Piñero School, Toa
Baja, Puerto Rico.
74
Comprehensive Analysis of Asperguer’s Diagnostic
Tests
Viviana Cruz, Christian Nazarene Academy, Levittown,
Puerto Rico.
Lower Statistical Percent to Predict Adult Brain Cancer
for 2015
75
Daniela Díaz, María Reina Academy, Guaynabo, Puerto
Rico.
76
Crop Making Robot (Phase II): A Virtual Prototype
Design
Stephano Encarnación, University
Garden
High
77
Using Statins to Reduce Mortality Percentages in
Pneumonia Patients
Irene Hammel, María Reina Academy, Guaynabo,
Puerto Rico.
78
Soundproofing Potential of Cork and Rubber
Kiaralys Lara Sánchez, Christian Nazarene Academy,
79
Comparison Between Development and Neurological
Status in Infants with Reparative Heart Surgery
Ana Longo; María Reina Academy, Guaynabo, Puerto
Rico.
80
Leaf Stomata of Ixora coccinea as Bio-Indicator of
Environmental Change in Puerto Rico
Alia Ortiz Bayron, Esc. Especializada en Artes, San
Juan. Puerto Rico.
Lion Fish: Mortality
Dependencies
Rate
and
81
Environmental
Eva Pagán, María Reina Academy, Guaynabo, Puerto
Rico.
82
Macro Invertebrate Life After a Natural Catastrophe
Wilbert Sánchez Ruiz, University Gardens School,, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Linkage Between Distribution of Cancer Percentages and
Country Development
83
Clarimar Sierra Díaz, University Gardens School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Prevalecence
Population
of
Tuberculosis
Given
a
84
Changing
COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
Andrea Boria Denis, José Collazo Colón High School,
85
Thermoneutrinos, Hadrons and Photons Cosmic Interaction
Principle
Valeria Nicolle Caro Díaz, and Eliza Marie López
Báez, José Collazo Colón High School, Juncos, Puerto
Rico.
86
Oat as Tool of Prevention to the Diabetes Type 2
Zenen T. Castillo, Colegio De Educación Avanzada Gaudí,
Humacao, Puerto Rico.
87
Determination of Phosphoric Acid in Coca-Cola
Kevin Chen, Southwestern Educational Society (SESO),
88
NO SHOW
Carbon Dioxide and Global Warming: “Why is it so Hot
Today?”
Ariadna Sophia Claudio Ortiz, Colegio de Educación
Avanzada Gaudí, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
89
Analysis of Pesticides in Vegetables and their Effect on the
Human Body
Sergio A. Donato Ferrer, Perpetuo Socorro School,
90
Determination of Lead in a Soil Sample
Christopher Goytía, St. Mary’s School, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
91
Synthesis of Gold Nanorods and Statistics on the
Stability at 50, 75 and 100C
André Gutierrez, Southwestern Educational Society
(SESO), Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
92
The Efficiency of a Carbon Filter with Varying Amounts
of Chlorine
Kelly B. Martínez Pratts, and Yarys A. Sánchez
González, José Collazo Colón High School, Juncos,
Puerto Rico.
93
Analysis of Oxalic Acid in Spinach
Víctor A. Martínez Santiago and José E. Alvarado
Fernández, Discípulos de Cristo Academy, Bayamón,
Puerto Rico.
94
Semi-Empirical Calculations of the Molecular Structure
and Properties of Recyclable Plastics
Rachel M. Quintana Santiago, School of Advanced
Education Gaudi, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
95
Analysis of Medications in the Control of Infections
Ailene Vanessa Rodríguez De Jesús, School of
Advanced Education Gaudi, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
96
Study of Omega 3 in Walnuts
Josie Rodríguez Sánchez, José Collazo Colón School,
Liam C. Medina Casillas, Perpetuo Socorro School,
97
Characterization of Different Components to Combat the
Dengue Disease
Ricardo J. Rodríguez García, University High School,
Stephanie Chan Yau, Luterano Resurrección School,
Gold Nanoparticle Strips for DNA Detection Using
SERS: Model of Adsorbtion at 785NM
98
Gabriela Rosario-Román, College of Advance
Education Gaudi, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Jandanell Abreu-Rivera, José Collazo Colón High
School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
99
Determination of Folic Acid in Integral Rice
Christian J. Sánchez Acevedo and Jorge A. Alvarado
Matos, Discípulos de Cristo Academy, Bayamón, Puerto
Rico.
100
Study of Kevlar and Plexiglas by Computational
Chemistry
BEST
POSTER
Ricardo Santana, University High School, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
Jonathan Camilo, Bautista de Carolina Academy, Carolina,
Puerto Rico.
101
The Stability of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles on Base and
Acid Environments
Giane N. Zayas O’Sullivan, Perpetuo Socorro School,
102
Study of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease
COMPUTER SCIENCES
Fadi Abumoala Amin, Luis Negrón López High
School, Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico.
103
Division Algorithm for Complex Integers
Christian Alvarado and Priamo A. Pichardo, Caguas
Military Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
104
How to Make an HTML Website
Gabriel Alvarado, Nataniel Cruz and Kevin Pabón,
Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
105
Hazard Web Browser
Rosa Andújar and Orlando Garcés; San Felipe School,
Arecibo Puerto Rico.
106
PUR Space Elevator Web Page
Carolina Aponte Rodríguez, CIEM Private School,
107
Qualitative Analysis on Non-Traditional Treatments for
Children with Autism
Cinkia Marí Aponte Fontán, Pablo Colón Berdecía
School, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
108
Mobile Application for Teaching the Animal Welfare
and Protection Law
Vhrishnuel Aponte, Bautista de Levittown Academy,
Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
109
2012-Teaching Math to Little Kids
Anthony R. Bonilla, José Gautier Benítez School,
110
Chemet: Table of Elements
BEST
POSTER
Emanuel Cabrera Jones and Christian Correa
Allende, Bautista de Levittown Academy, Toa Baja,
Puerto Rico.
111
2012-NBA Live Score
Giovanni Carrasquillo Vargas, Fajardo Community
Private School, Fajardo, Puerto Rico.
Rafael E. Rosa Díaz, Santiago Apóstol School, Fajardo,
Puerto Rico.
112
Autonomous Solar-Powered Water Filtration System
Alec Cruz, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San
Juan, Puerto Rico
Ricardo Ríos, Isabel Flores School, Juncos, Puerto
Rico.
Clean Energy: Most Favorable Places to Establish
Windmills in Puerto Rico
113
Ángel Cruz Soto and Gerald Almodóvar Méndez,
Luis Negrón López High School, Sabana Grande, Puerto
Rico.
114
Modular Arithmetic in Complex Integers
Lina Daza Llanos and Rosangelie Soto Oliveras, InterAmerican School, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
115
Model for Electrolytic Conduction Using Agents in
NetLogo
José De Jesús Romero, St. Francis School, Carolina,
Puerto Rico.
116
Water Quality Analysis Using a Robotic System
Andrea Devaris and Emanuel A. Rodríguez Rivera,
Inter-American School, San Germán.
117
Linux Cloud Server for Small Groups
Francelys Franco Bermúdez, Home School, San
Germán.
118
NO SHOW
Cryptographic Codes Using Complex Integers
Jeffrey Gómez Frontera and Kervin Morales Pérez,
Inter-Americana School, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
119
Fingerprints are Short Text Messages
Kevin O. González, Vocacional de Cidra High School,
Cidra, Puerto Rico.
120
Solid-State Automatic Temperature-Controlled Fan
Edgardo R. Hernández Matos, CROEM School,
Mayagüez Puerto Rico.
121
Do You Wish to Learn the Fun Way?
Ashley L. Landrau Santiago, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo
2012 – Math 4 Fun
122
Khalid Luyando Flusa, Conchita Cuevas High School,
Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
123
Mindstorm Road Crane Re-Design
Oscar Marty Maceira and Fernando Méndez
González, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
124
Improving Basic Skills through APPS
Yenaida Camila Meléndez Castillo, Génesis E.
Aponte Arroyo, Isabel Flores School, Juncos, Puerto
Rico.
Joshua A. Morales, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos,
Puerto Rico.
125
Virtual Casino
Juan C. Morales and Kiddany Pérez, Levittown
Baptist Academy, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
126
2012- Game Programming Made Easy
Davette G. Nazario Febres, Apples & Stars Learning
Club, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Kenneth A. Hicks Ventura, San Antonio Abad School,
127
Personal Humanoid as a Speech Therapist
Karlos K. Paulino De Jesús, New Generation Christian
Academy, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
128
Game Alert System
Alexandra Rivera, Apples & Stars Learning Club,
129
A New Magnetic Car
Alejandro Rodríguez Carrasquillo and Javier Ortiz
García, CIMATEC, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Gas Station Maps
130
Jan Rodríguez Cordero, Apples & Stars Learning
Club, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
131
Effectiveness of a Sensor-Based Video Game System in
the Therapy of Students with Special Needs
Jonathan M. Rodríguez Cruz, Bautista de Puerto
Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
132
2012-Elements, Now!
Rey E. Roque Pérez, Joshua Meléndez Rivera and
Michael Ocasio Dávila, Caguas Military Academy,
133
Sound Energy Charger
Natalia Marie Rosado Díaz and Gabriel Andrés
Martínez Zayas, Notre Dame School, Caguas, Puerto
Rico.
134
VDJ Control Pad
Tatiana Marie Rosado Torres, Pablo Colón Berdecía
School, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
135
Application for Supporting the Learning Process of
Letters to Kids with Autism
Rolando Rosales, Puerto Rico Christian School, Toa
Baja, Puerto Rico.
136
2012- Windows Phone 7 App to Find Gas Stations
Kimberly Santiago Mangual, Puertorriqueño de Niñas
School, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
137
2012– Web Game Designed for Improving Children
with Disabilities' Skills
Dianelys Segarra, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy,
2012- Acquiring Knowledge Using the Periodic Table of
Elements
138
Deluis Serrano and Steven Albaladejo Cruz, Santa
María del Camino School, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
139
Measurement of Plasma Temperature and Densities
Varying Gases Using MATLAB
BEST
POSTER
Ricardo Tardí Hernández, Alejandro Aponte Lugo,
Home Schooling
Alberto Mulero Fernández, Notre Dame School,
140
Converting Analog Musical Instrument Sounds to
Digital Music Notation Using Java Programming
Language
Luis E. Torres Rodríguez and Ykailah P. Núñez
Núñez, Notre Dame School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
141
Medikal: An Application to Diagnose Common Diseases
Nalysha Torres Mangual, Carvin School, Carolina,
Puerto Rico.
142
A Robotic System for Elbow’s Joint Physical Therapy
Nelson Vélez Espinet, University Gardens High School,
143
Crypto-Language
APPLIED MATHEMATICS
BEST
POSTER
José Rodríguez Lozano, CROEM High School,
144
Trinomial Powers and the Number of Their Terms
ENGINEERING
Bryan Acevedo Marrero,
Pedro Perea Fajardo
Vocational School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
3D Computer Modeling to Design Structures
145
Jonathan Albaladejo Cruz, Santa María del Camino
School, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico.
Alejandro E. Herrero Umpierre, Nuestra Señora de
Guadalupe School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
146
What Dimension of Sphere Produces the Maximum
Temperature and Density with the Use of Matlab?
Carlos Andrade, Immaculate
NO SHOW
Conception
Academy,
147
Converting a Semi Automatic Punching Circuit Board to a
Fully Automatic Circuit Board
Ana Bourasseau and Natalié Pacheco, Bonneville
148
Which Voltage in the Argon IEC Plasma will Incur in
the Highest Plasma Temperature and Density Using
MATLAB?
Lisdelian Bruno Cintrón, Ramón Quiñones Medina
School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Loren Nazario Rodríguez, Manuel Mediavilla Negrón
School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
149
Viability of a Fuel Cell Respirator
Chairo Calderón Otero, Trina Padilla de Sanz School,
Alejandro Suárez, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe
150
Using Two Dimensional Visual Fiducial Markers for
Efficient Sound Files Reproduction
**ORAL**
Clarisse M. Carrasquillo, Juan J. Maunez School, Naguabo
Puerto Rico.
151
152
Sound Detector Application
Arlene Colorado Alvarado, CROEM High School,
Programming “Lego-Mindstorms” Robots to Contribute
to Athletes’ Health
153
Roberto Cruz Alejandro and Joshua Medina
Santana, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto
Rico.
154
Online Educational Game Using HTML5 and JavaScript
**ORAL**
Arnaldo Figueroa Immaculate Conception Academy,
Gabriel Román, La Milagrosa School, Mayagüez,
Puerto Rico.
155
156
How Multiple Cell Phones can Locate the Enemy and
Gain a Technological Edge in the Battlefield
Steven Jensenn, Caribbean School, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
157
Rotating Structures
Ángel Pérez and Frances Pérez, San Jorge Academy,
158
Analyzing Multiple Robots Navigation for Optimal
Performance Designing
Maitetxu Pettersen, St. Marys School, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
Caleb Rodríguez, University High School, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
159
Using Two Dimensional Visual Fiducial Markers for
Traffic Sign Navigation
Sofía Rivera. Eugenio María de Hostos High School,
Mayagüez, Puertyo Rico.
160
NO SHOW
Possible Alternatives to Prevent Recurring Street
Flooding in the City of Mayagüez
Paola Rosa and Ginelle González, CROEM High
School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Development of a Preliminary Website for a Mobile
Application to Complete Statistical Calculations
161
Génesis Rosado Martínez,
San
Rafael
School,
162
Is “Dynamics Bigdog” the Soldier’s Best Robotic
Friend?
Guillermo Sánchez, Pedro Perea Fajardo Vocational
School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
163
The Acceptance of the Internet as a Viable Means of
Commerce for the Metals Industry
Johnny Trevino Alicea, José Collazo Colón School,
Ricardo Serrano Vélez, Manuel Mediavilla Negrón
Vocational School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
164
Seeing Eye Bot
Kenneth Young, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos,
Puerto Rico.
165
Secure Chatting in Cell Phones Using RSA Encryption
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
William A. Rosado Rodríguez, Fruto de la Vid
Christian Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
166
NO SHOW
Optimization of the Synthesis of Dextrose Silver
Nanoparticles: Toxicity in the Growth of Bean Plants
PHYSICS
BEST
POSTER
Giovanna P. Zambrana, Southwestern Educational
Society (SESO), Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
167
Comparing Radiation Levels from Different Cell Phones
ROBOTICS
Jesús Emmanuel Alvarado Berríos, Luis Muñoz
Marín School, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
A Robot for Supporting the Learning Process of Basic
168
Shapes and Vocals in a Kindergarden Grade
Gerardo M. Arguelles Santiago, Home School,
169
Object Recognition and Identification
NO SHOW
Daniel Feliciano Muñoz and Freddy Marrero Fabián,
Nuestra Señora Del Carmen School, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
170
Follow the Ball
Nicole Flores and Karoline Méndez, Antonio Fernós
Isern Vocational School, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico.
171
Trigonometry System
Adrián Gómez, Antonio Fernós Isern Vocational
School, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico.
172
SIFT Weapon Recognition Security Drone System
Gabriela Martínez, Onix Fuster and William A.
Crespo, República de Costa Rica Vocational School,
173
Tom and Jerry Guardian Robot
Nazhaly Mercado and Melanie Guzmán, Luis Muñoz
Marín School, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
174
Trafficbot: A Robot for Teaching Traffic Signals to
Children
Byron Morales, Isabel Flores School, Juncos, Puerto
Rico.
Alexis Torres, Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo,
Puerto Rico.
175
The Speed Camera
Emmanuel Negrón Ortiz, Luis Muñoz Marín School,
Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
NO SHOW
Dds-Bot: Documents Delivery System
176
Juan Pablo Paredes Sánchez, Notre Dame School,
177
NO SHOW
Dog Simulation Behavior Through the Game of ‘Catch”
Sue Ann Pérez Vázquez and Christian Ramírez
Irizarry, Nuestra Señora Del Carmen School, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
178
Irobot Create Applied to Physics
BEST
POSTER
Joshua L. Pupo Morales, Antonio Lucchetti Vocational
School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Christian J. Correa, Central de Artes Visuales School,
179
Robotics Navigation and Localization Performance on
Irregular Terrains
BEST
POSTER
Javier Rodríguez Rodríguez; St.Mary’s School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Felipe Lebrón Bonilla; St.Mary’s School, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
180
X Marks The Color!
BEST
POSTER
Normarie Román Roque, Bilingüe de Cidra School,
Cidra, Puerto Rico.
Nathaly Vallejo Rodríguez, CIMATEC School,
181
Color Blindness Aid
Samantha Sorondo, St. Mary's School, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
182
Octagon
Bryan Steve Torres Pérez, Luis Muñoz Marín School,
Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
183
Robot for Support Teaching Parabolic Trajectories
Juan Vázquez, Cristo Redentor School, San Lorenzo,
Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
184
Elizabeth Calderón,
Caguas
Military
Academy,
Lottery Wizard (Lottozoo)
U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS
COMPUTER SCIENCES
Sadeek Carty and Jamaal Al-Ameen, Ivanna Eudora
Kean High School, U.S. Virgin Islands.
BEST
POSTER
BEST
POSTER
185
Word-It: A Fun Mobile Windows-Based APP for
Improving Vocabulary
Danielle Christian, America Estepan, Shideya
Parrilla, Karen Dascent and Miguel Hennemann, St.
Croix Educational Complex, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin
Islands.
186
Taking Turtle Telemetry to the Next Level
Sojourna Ferguson, Wayne Gonzales, Central High
School, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Elangeni Yabba, Zandria Acosta, St. Croix
Educational Complex, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
187
“Crabby Mates”: Hermit Crab Migration on the Island of
St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands
BEST
POSTER
Bria James, Brendon James, Regine Acosta, Central
High School, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Bria Wallace, St. Croix Educational Complex, St.
Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
188
“Pretty Poison”: How to Control the Lionfish Invasive
Species?
Carl-Michael James Jr., Khadijah O’Neill, Central
High School, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands..
Chelsy Gregoire, Shantae Lewis, St. Croix Educational
Complex, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Issues in Monitoring Ciguatera Fish Poisoning Cases
189
BEST
POSTER
Marcus Norkaitis, Sidharth Parwani, Myles Todman,
and Yash Bajaj, All Saint Cathedral Schools, St.
Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.
190
VI-rus: A Web-Based Graphic Animation of the Dengue
Virus Infection of the Body Cells
Shideya Parrilla, Leah Achille, Acassia Ferguson,
Natasha Sinanan, St. Croix Educational Complex, St.
Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
Hazel Acosta, Central High School, St. Croix, U.S.
Virgin Islands.
191
Change of the World’s Pace with Rum Waste
Jayda Swim, Scott Tomlinson and Tanner Lantz, All
Saint Cathedral Schools, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin
Islands.
192
Geo-Tycoon: A Feasibility Study Web-Based
Application for Entrepreneurial Risk Assessment
Gabriela Rivera, Immaculate Conception Academy,
Mayaguez, PR
193
**Late Submission**
The Oral Cavity of the Healthy Human Being is Filled
With a Vast Number of Microorganisms
10:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m.
11:00 a.m. – 12:50 m.
COFFEE BREAK
PASEO
SAN
JUAN
FOYER & CORRIDOR
ORAL RESEARCH PRESENTATIONS
11:00 – 12:50 a.m.
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
SESSION I
BIOLOGY, GENOMICS AND BIO-STATISTICS
LAGUNA 1
Chairperson: Dr. Ángel Arcelay, Universidad del Este
BIOLOGY
11:00 – 11:10 a.m.
BEST
Oral
11:10 – 11:20 a.m.
Michelle Cristina Pérez-Ayala, Notre Dame School,
Synthesis of Dextrose and the Effect of E. coli Growth
(Growth Model)
Emery G. Price Cancel, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo
Fluorescent Nanomaterials for Bio-Imaging: Cadmium
Selenide Quantum Dots Synthesis and Effects on E. coli Cell
Death
GENOMICS
11:20 – 11:30 a.m.
Jailisse Acosta-Hernández, University Gardens
High
The Analysis of the BLM Protein in Bloom Syndrome Using
Bioinformatics Methods
11:30 – 11:40 a.m.
Keyra Colón Rodríguez, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto
Rico.
Analysis of the ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family D (ALD),
Member 1 Protein that Causes Adrenoleukodystrophy
11:40 – 11:50 a.m.
BEST
Oral
11:50 – 12:00 m.
Gabriela Goitía-Vázquez, University Gardens High School,
Bioinformatics Analysis of the SSCl22A5 Carrier Member 5
Protein that Causes Primary Carnitine Deficiency
José David López Villegas, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy,
Bioinformatics Analysis of Methemoglobin
12:00 – 12:10 m.
Paulina Marrero, Puertorriqueño de Niñas School,
Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
Bioinformatics Study of SMPD1, NPC1, and NPC2
12:10 – 12:20 m.
Fabiola Negrette, María Reina Academy, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
A Computational Study of Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Involving the Cybb Protein
12:20 – 12:30 m.
Patricia Victoriano,
Luterano
Resurrección
School,
Bioinformatics Study of CNGA3
BIO-STATISTICS
12:30 – 12:40 m.
Alondra N. Bogoljubskij Valedón, Nuestra Señora del
Carmen School, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico.
Comparison Between the Effects of the West Nile Virus in
Animals and Humans
12:40 – 12:50 m.
Génesis Santiago, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status and Children
with Respiratory Illness
12:50-1:00 pm.
Rose Cruz Maboy, Lourdes School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Mario Ochoa Astor, San Ignacio de Loyola School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Target Extraction and Navigation Efficiency in a Maze-Like
Environment
11:00 – 12:40 m.
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
SESSION II
ASTRONOMY, APPLIED PHYSICS,
COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY AND
ROBOTICS
BAHIA 1
Chairperson: Dr. Osvaldo Cox, Universidad Metropolitana
ASTRONOMY
11:00 – 11:10 a.m.
Yarelis González Vargas and Emmanuel Quintero Medina,
Manuel Ramos Hernández School, Quebradillas, Puerto Rico.
The Exoplanets Explorer Encyclopedia: Countries
11:10 – 11:20 a.m.
Edwin B. Martínez Vélez and Génesis Cordero Arbelo, Manuel
Ramos Hernández School, Quebradillas, Puerto Rico.
The Exoplanets Explorer Encyclopedia: Discoverers
11:20 – 11:30 a.m.
Adrián Reyes, Dr. María Cadilla de Martínez School,
Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Bana Space Settlement
11:30 – 11:40 a.m.
Amy D. Rodríguez García, Padre Aníbal Reyes Belén School,
Hatillo, Puerto Rico.
Naomy P. Candelaria Morales, Nuestra Señora del Carmen
School, Hatillo, Puerto Rico.
Joel I. Deida Crespo, Luis F. Crespo School, Camuy, Puerto Rico.
The Exoplanets Explorer Encyclopedia: Scientists
11:40 – 11:50 a.m.
Desiree E. Rosa Jiménez and Nataly M. González Santiago, Dr.
María Cadilla de Martínez School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
The Exoplanets Explorer Encyclopedia: Institutions
11:50 – 12:00 m.
Ramón G. Ruiz Abreu, La Milagrosa School, Arecibo, Puerto
Rico.
José F. Cortés De Jesús, Antonio Luchetti Vocational School,
The Exoplanets Explorer Encyclopedia: Observatories
12:00 – 12:10
Ivonne Padín, Padre Aníbal Reyes Belén School, Hatillo,
Puerto Rico.
Bana Space Settlement: Government
APPLIED PHYSICS
12:00 – 12:10 m.
Angelic M. Arzola Roig, CROEM School, Mayagüez,
Puerto Rico.
Is the Position and Phase of the Moon a Factor in the
Occurrence of a Large Earthquake?
12:10 – 12:20 m.
Keishaly Cabrera Cruz, Dr. Juan José Maunez High School,
Naguabo, Puerto Rico.
Determination of Bio-Diesel Sample in Algae
ROBOTICS
12:20 – 12:30 m.
Pablo González Acevedo; Padre Rufo Bilingual School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Raymond L. Rodríguez Padilla: Padre Rufo Bilingual, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Texture Sightseeing
12:30 – 12:40 m.
Jomar Ramírez, Iris Hernández and Yuliana Martínez,
Christian Nazarene Academy, Levittown, Puerto Rico.
Handy Helper
12:40-12:50 m.
Ivonne Padín, Padre Aníbal Reyes Belén School, Hatillo,
Puerto Rico.
Bana Space Settlement: Government
11:00 – 12:40 p.m.
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
SESSION III
BAHIA 2
BIO-MATHEMATICS
Chairperson: . Dr. Alvaro Lecompte
Inter-American University-San Germán
BIO-MATHEMATICS
11:00 – 11:10 a.m.
Ana A. Coterillo Sosa, University Gardens High School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Infectious Diseases: Tuberculosis and Leprosy
11:10 – 11:20 a.m.
Andrea I. Ferrer Vega, University Gardens High School,
Studying Sleep Patterns Using Mathematical Models
11:20 – 11:30 a.m.
Gabriela Malespín, University Gardens High School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Evolutionary Analysis of Cystic Fibrosis, an Autosomal
Genetic Disorder
11:30 – 11:40 a.m.
Nicole Márquez Andino, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto
Rico.
Computation Analysis of Ataxia telangiectasia Involving
Amino Acid Substitution of the Serine Protein
11:40 – 11:50 a.m.
BEST
Oral
11:50 – 12:00 m.
Kevin Matos, María Teresa Piñeiro School, Toa Baja, Puerto
Rico.
Mathematical Model of E. coli Growth in Presence of TGACapped CdSe Quantum Dots
Roshelly Quiñones, Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo,
Puerto Rico.
NO SHOW
Mutations on the Genes CDKN1C and IGF2 Related to
Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome
12:00 – 12:10 m.
Gerardo Sánchez Navarro, Bonneville School, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
The Imminent Threat of Solar Storms in Modern-Day Society
12:10 – 12:20 m.
Jancie L Santiago González, Caguas Private School,
Application of Mendelian Laws and Punnett Square to Study
Inheritance of Autosomal Recessive Harlequin Ichthyosis
12:20 – 12:30 m.
Netsha J. Santiago González, Caguas Private School,
Sequence Analysis of Niemann-Pick Disease Type C1
12:30 – 12:40 m.
Zaely C. Sierra García, Santa Rosa School, Bayamón,
Puerto Rico.
Accuracy of Adjusted BMI Formula Vs. Metric BMI
11:00 – 12:40 p.m.
ORAL PRESENTATIONS
SESSION IV
COMPUTER SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING
SAN FELIPE
Chairperson: . Dr. Ángel González, Polytechnic University
COMPUTER SCIENCES
11:00 – 11:10 a.m.
Frankie R. Cabrera, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy,
Photo-Finder
11:10 – 11:20 a.m.
Ricardo Lanzó Calderón, José Aponte de la Torre School,
2012-Windows Phone with Reading Capabilities
11:20 – 11:30 a.m.
Wildalis Martínez, Cohelet Christian Academy High School,
Las Piedras, Puerto Rico
Linette Martínez, Isabel Flores High School, Las Piedras,
Puerto Rico.
The Dyslexic Shuffle Test: Dislexia Therapy APP
11:30 – 11:40 a.m.
BEST
Oral
11:40 – 11:50 a.m.
Diva L. Mockford Polanco, Nuestra Señora del Carmen
2012-Promoting Social Networking Between Musicians
through Music Tutorials on the World Wide Web
Ademyr Rivera, Libre de Música School, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
2012-Way of Mathematics for Windows Phone 7
11:50 – 12:00 m .
BEST
Oral
Daniel J. Santamaría Colón, María Teresa Piñeiro School,
2012 – Application
Experience
Designed
to
Improve
Workout
ENGINEERING
12:00 – 12:10 m.
Jadzia M. Cabrera Arroyo,
San
Rafael
School,
The Development of the First Mobile Emergency
Cardiovascular Electronic Diagnosis (MEC-ED)
12:10 – 12:20 m.
Danny D. Calcaño and Ricardo A. Hernández Díaz, Nuestra
Señora de Guadalupe School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Density and the Highest Temperature, in the Center or on the
Outside?
12:20 – 12:30 m.
Paola Victoria Figueroa Delgado, La Milagrosa School, Arecibo,
Puerto Rico.
Bana Space Settlement: Engineering
12:30 – 12:40 m.
Ana Ruíz, Orlando Garcés and Rosa Andújar, San Felipe
School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Migsaul Romero, Antonio Luchetti Vocational School,
Carlos Declet, Luis Felipe Crespo School, Camuy, Puerto
Rico.
Pur Space Elevator
12:40-12:50 pm.
Jordán A. Caraballo Vega, Petra Mercado Bougart School,
Fuel Cell Respirator
ABSTRACTS
ASTRONOMY
BANA SPACE SETTLEMENT: LIFE SUPPORT
César Del Valle; La Milagrosa School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marín, Caribbean University.
Human needs have always been the same. However with time, the strategies have changed in which these
needs are satisfied. Throughout the past months, in the Arecibo Observatory, scientists have worked in
the development of a proposal for a space settlement that will address all the human necessities in case
human race stumbled upon a dangerous scenario. The fundamental human needs are very broad and
replicating these in space is no easy task. While researching possible solutions, the scientists discovered
many flaws in actual life support; for example, the inaccessibility of water, healthy, and fresh food,
consistent climate and proper medical attention. Therefore a replica of the Earth would have the same
problems. The solution is to create an innovative lifestyle that will change the way humans live. The
result is the BANA Space Settlement, the new lifestyle. BANA will facilitate and expedite the strategies
in which are needs are filled, in a way that will completely change the way people eat, work, study, shop,
breathe, dress, and love, among others.
COSMIC RAY MUONS: ZENITH ANGLE RELATED FLUX INTENSITY EQUATION AND
ENERGY RADIATION COMPARISON
BEST
POSTER
Joel E. Fuentes, CROEM High School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Advisor: Ms. Elba Sepúlveda, CROEM, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Prof. Pieter Van der Meer, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor Assistant: Gilberto Jiménez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Cosmic ray muons (µ− ) and antimuons (µ+ ) are subatomic particles created during weak interactions
between highly energetic cosmic rays, also referred to as energy radiation that strikes Earth from space.
The intensity of cosmic radiation is proportional to the increase in altitude, and it consists mostly of
charged particles that are affected by the Earth’s magnetic field. The results from the first experiment
gave the time dilation in its reference frame, length contraction, lifetime, and speed of the cosmic ray
muons that reach sea level, those consecutively being: 5.5 μs, 1641 m, 2.19 μs and .994c. Muons reach
the surface of the Earth with typically constant flux, as the approximate expression of equation [1].
𝐹µ = 0.48 𝑐𝑚−2 𝑚𝑖𝑛−1 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑑 −1 [1]
Particle Data Group (PDG) standard theoretical value.
Thus, the equation that represents the intensity of penetrating particles at sea level as a function of the
zenith angle with the minute conversion into second is expressed as equation [2]:
𝐼(𝛷) = 𝐼𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝛷) [2]
𝐼𝑣 = 0.83 ∗ 10−2 𝑐𝑚−2 𝑠 −1 𝑠𝑡𝑟 −1
Where 𝛷 is the zenith angle.
With this function, one may estimate the expected counting rates of the detectors due to the total flux of
penetrating particles from all directions. This new addition to last year’s research aims to compare flux
data in different latitudes and also search for data needed to measure the Earth’s magnetic field’s
influence over cosmic ray muons. For this, the relativistic mass and momentum of the muons was
measured with the Lorentz Factor result from last year’s experiment:
Lorentz Factor ( ϒ=9.14 ).
𝐸
Relativistic Mass: 𝑐 2 = 𝑚 = ϒ𝑚0
Where 𝑚0 = "𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠"
Relativistic Momentum: 𝑝 =
𝑚0 𝑣
2
√1− 𝑣2
= 𝑚0 𝑣ϒ
𝑐
Finally, the results were compared with experimental data acquired from different latitudes and zenith
angles. The data used was from a specific month in Chicago, Illinois, compared to flux data acquired that
same month in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico and San Francisco, California. The conclusion of the experiment
sought to determine how latitude influences energy radiation from space and to find whether or not muon
bundle intensity decreased with the increase of the transverse component of the magnetic field in
comparison with calculations performed under uniformity of the flux, the effect becoming more
noticeable with the increase of the zenith angle.
THE EXOPLANETS EXPLORER ENCYCLOPEDIA: COUNTRIES
Yarelis González Vargas and Emmanuel Quintero Medina, Manuel Ramos Hernández School,
Research Mentor: Abel Méndez, University of Puerto Rico, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Many exoplanet databases track the discoveries of planets around other stars, or exoplanets, including
their physical properties. However, none of those are focused on the countries behind these discoveries.
The Exoplanet Explorers Encyclopedia (E3) is the first database in the world to list and organize this
information, including statistics and discovery metrics findings. The E3 is expected to be used as a tool to
inform the general public and track the achievements of countries in this field of astronomy. The top 5
countries of exoplanet findings will be discussed in this presentation. This project is a collaboration of the
Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo, Universidad Metropolitana, and the Arecibo
Observatory.
THE EXOPLANETS EXPLORER ENCYCLOPEDIA: DISCOVERERS
Edwin B. Martínez Vélez and Génesis Cordero Arbelo, Manuel Ramos Hernández School,
Many exoplanets databases track the discoveries of planets around other stars, or exoplanets, including
their physical properties. However, none of those are focused on listing the top discoveries. The
Exoplanet Explorers Encyclopedia (E3) is the first database in the world to list and organize this
inform the general public and track the discoveries in this field of astronomy. The top 5 discoveries of
exoplanet findings will be discussed in this presentation. This project is a collaboration of the Planetary
Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo, Universidad Metropolitana, and the Arecibo Observatory.
BANA SPACE SETTLEMENT: GOVERNMENT
Ivonne Padín, Padre Aníbal Reyes Belén School, Hatillo, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marín, Caribbean University; Michael Lane- Liftport
Group.
The government in the BANA Space Settlement is a research project that seeks to study the best
alternatives to protect human rights, work systems, organizations and the developments of the human
society while living in a space colony. The proposed government system has a framework focused on
laws, rights and organizations to create trust and safety. The BANA Government system will be a mix
between democracy and guild, or caste system. After researching and analyzing statistical data from
government systems through civilizations, it was concluded that the main need in any system is one that
can provide fairness and trust to the population. This research sought to postulate improvements on the
best systems, such as representative selection and law creation.
BANA SPACE SETTLEMENT
Adrián Reyes, Dr. María Cadilla de Martínez School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Paola Figueroa, La Milagrosa School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Ivonne Padín; Padre Aníbal Reyes Belén School, Hatillo, Puerto Rico.
César Del Valle, La Milagrosa School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentors: Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marín, Caribbean University; Michael Laine- Liftport
Group, José G. Molina, SpacePort Consulting and Advocacy Group.
During the time in the Arecibo Observatory the researchers will be working on the development of a
proposal for a sustainable habitat for a human population in space. This will try to cover all human needs,
for example: shelter, health care, food, hygiene, social organization, and others topics related to the
human sustainability and survival. The settlement is going to be located at a Lagrange point, were the
gravitational forces and orbital motion are balanced. It will also have a transportation system that can be
used to provide resources to sustain the population, and take them from the settlement to the Earth and
backwards. It will also be powered by a clean a non-contaminated energy, more common known as
renewable energy. To conclude the settlement will have a social organization based on a mix of different
political governments systems to be fair, and organized to maintain peace of the society. We aim to
present this research project to the NASA Ames Space Settlement Contest, where we will be the first
entrance from Puerto Rico to this contest that is on its 14th year. We would like to acknowledge the
support provided for this research by the Arecibo Radio Observatory, the Ana G Mendez University
System, the National Space Society PR-Chapter, the Astronomical Society of Puerto Rico and the
EarthLight Institute.
THE EXOPLANETS EXPLORER ENCYCLOPEDIA: SCIENTISTS
Amy D. Rodríguez García, Padre Aníbal Reyes Belén School, Hatillo, Puerto Rico.
Naomy P. Candelaria Morales, Nuestra Señora del Carmen School, Hatillo, Puerto Rico.
Joel I. Deida Crespo, Luis F. Crespo School, Camuy, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor, Abel Méndez, University of Puerto Rico, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
their physical properties. However, none of those are focused on the scientists behind these discoveries.
inform the general public and track the achievements of scientists in this field of astronomy. The top 5
scientists of exoplanet findings will be discussed in this presentation. This project is a collaboration of the
Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo, Universidad Metropolitana, and the Arecibo
Observatory.
THE EXOPLANETS EXPLORER ENCYCLOPEDIA: INSTITUTIONS
Desiree E. Rosa Jiménez and Nataly M. González Santiago, Dr. María Cadilla de Martínez School,
their physical properties. However, none of those are focused on the institutions behind these discoveries.
inform the general public and track the achievements of institutions in this field of astronomy. The top 5
institutions of exoplanet findings will be discussed in this presentation. This project is a collaboration of
the Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo, Universidad Metropolitana, and the Arecibo
Observatory.
THE EXOPLANETS EXPLORER ENCYCLOPEDIA: OBSERVATORIES
Ramón G. Ruiz Abreu, La Milagrosa School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
José F. Cortés De Jesús, Antonio Luchetti Vocational School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Many exoplanets databases track the discoveries of planets around other stars, or exoplanets, including
their physical properties. However, none of those are focused on the observatories behind these
discoveries. The Exoplanet Explorers Encyclopedia (E3) is the first database in the world to list and
organize this information, including statistics and discovery metrics findings. The E3 is expected to be
used as a tool to inform the general public and track the achievements of observatories in this field of
astronomy. The top 5 observatories of exoplanet findings will be discussed in this presentation. This
project is a collaboration of the Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo, Universidad
Metropolitana, and the Arecibo Observatory.
ABSTRACTS
ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
THE DIFFERENT COLORS OF FIRE
José Antonio Cesaní Rivera, Immaculate Conception Academy, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Gilberto Jiménez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
The purpose of the project was the verification that fire may have different colors. Different colors in fire
could be achieved, but the colors can only change with specific chemicals. The chemicals that change the
color of fire are only available in some markets or shops in the fire aisles. The research included the use
of powders found in the home, but none could burn. The only things that could burn in addition to the
chemicals designed to change color were acetone and 90% alcohol. Alcohol and acetone produce a blueorange flame that can only be seen in a bright atmosphere. The only things that could burn and were not
chemicals were dry leaves and table salt. The only thing that table salt could do was to modify the
yellowish color in the fire. The dry leaves only burned without changing the color of the fire. The
chemical that changed the color of fire into blue contained methanol, acetone, mineral oil, methylene
chloride and a secret ingredient that could not be included in the information. The chemical that changed
the color of fire into red contained: methanol, acetone, mineral oil and a secret ingredient. The chemical
that changed the color of fire into green contained: methanol, acetone, mineral oil and a secret ingredient.
The project did not result as expected.
ABSTRACTS
BIOLOGY
WHICH INVOLUNTARY PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE IS THE MOST COMMON WHEN A
SUBJECT IS SUBMITTED TO A POLYGRAPH TEST?
María Teresa Arroyo, Southwestern Educational Society (SESO), Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Alexandra Maldonado Florenciani, College San Benito, Mayagüez, Puerto
Rico.
Ever since the beginning of time, humans have lied. Around the 1890’s, the first polygraph was
introduced by Cesare Lombroso. Today the polygraph is admissible in various federal circuits in several
states. When a subject is submitted to a polygraph test, three responses are affected: blood pressure, body
temperature, and respiration. The purpose of this project was to determine which of these involuntary
responses was the most affected. Since polygraphs are not valid in all states, hopefully, this
experimentation will favor that polygraphs are actually effective. Forty-five female subjects got the blood
pressure cuff strapped, the galvanometer, that was used to determine the subject’s body temperature,
attached and the pneumograph strapped, used to determine the subject’s breathing rate. After the subjects
were prepared, the polygraph was connected to the computer. A series of questions were asked and the
subject’s blood pressure, body temperature, and respiration were recorded using the “polygraph expert”
software. The study revealed which of the three reactions would be the most affected.
THE NEUROLOGICAL EFFECTS AND OBSERVATIONS OF GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Dafne Cordero and Coralia Durán, Inmaculada Concepción School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Prof. Van der Meer, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Kevin J. Marrero, San Benito School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Typically the impact of general anesthesia on the human heart was of concern, but now the effect of
general anesthesia on the brain and body is the reason that a licensed anesthesiologist remains with the
patient through pre-surgery until recovery. Studies continue to be conducted to measure the impact of
general anesthesia on a patient's cognitive brain functions. Patients have experienced problems remaining
under the state of coma during the procedure. Mounting evidence from different studies suggests that
prolonged exposure to these compounds may induce widespread neuronal cell death, seriously
questioning the safety of general anesthesia. The objective of this research project was to examine two
basic questions, given to patients who have been under general anesthesia during surgery. The patients
answered a survey given to them to determine if people have felt any type of physical pain or have been
conscious during any moment of the surgery. Even though there are not any results on how general
anesthesia really works, the immediate answer is that sleep and anesthesia interact physiologically.
Endogenous neuromodulators known to regulate sleep also alter anesthetic action, and anesthetics cause
sleep with direct administration into brain nuclei known to regulate sleep. Together, these observations
provide new research directions for understanding sleep regulation and generation, and suggest the
possibility of new clinical therapies both for patients with sleep disturbances and for sleep deprived
patients receiving general anesthesia.
THE HAIR LOSS EFFECT OF TOBACCO SMOKING
Viviani López, Immaculate Conception Academy, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Prof. Van der Meer, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.Research
Assistant Mentor: Kevin J. Marrero, San Benito School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
One of the greatest preventable causes of death in developed countries is tobacco smoking. There is a
possibility that there is a correlation between tobacco smoking and the loss of hair. Two primary types of
baldness can be distinguished: permanent hair loss or destruction of hair follicles, and temporary hair loss,
arising from transitory damage to the follicles. Research was made to analyze and develop a percentage of
people, from around different countries, affected by the effects of tobacco smoking in hair follicles. The
researcher investigated several studies done all over the world to support the hypothesis. This research
reviews the effects of cigarette smoking on the skin and its appendages. An additional search was
subsequently undertaken for articles related to smoking and associated diseases, with the focus on
pathogenesis and epidemiologic data. Articles presenting the highest level of evidence and latest reports
were preferentially selected. In view of the psychological impact of alopecia on affected individuals and
since its options for treatment are limited, health education against smoking may be more effective to
increase general awareness. The rest of the diseases can be treated. It is expected that smoking is strongly
associated with numerous dermatologic conditions including hair loss.
SYNTHESIS
OF
GOLD
NANOSPHERES-CITRATE
CAPPED
HIDROXYLAMINE: STABILITY EFFECT ON THE RPMI-1640 CELL
AND
SILVER
Chelsea Marrero, Christian Nazarene Academy, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
Edmilaudy González, Dr. Agustin Stahl High School, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Dr. Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Students Research Mentor Assistants: Ricardo Lorenzana and Marcos Rodríguez, Universidad
Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Nanotechnology is a promising and modern science, where through it we can make great progress at a
nano level. Everyday life would be inconceivable without nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is present
everywhere and in medical technology it is causing major advances in both diagnosis and therapy. Silver
nanospheres (NPs) are somewhat unstable, since they are highly oxidizable and can release toxic ions.
Instead, gold NPs are more stable and are present in an area of intense scientific investigation because
they have a wide variety of potential applications in the biomedical, optics and electronics areas. Gold has
been reported to be toxic and size dependent. However, recent literature reports data of cytotoxicity of
gold nanoparticles. Triggered by pH change, the nanoparticle surfaces are engineered to have both
positive and negative charges. Electrostatic attractions between the nanoparticles can rapidly form
aggregates inside the cells, and the aggregates accumulate as the exocytosis is blocked by the increased
size. This research focused on gold nanoparticles and their stabilization in order to use them as cell
therapy; for example, in A-431 cancer epidermic cells. To achieve the goal, RPMI-1640 was used as a
culture medium, designed for growing human cells. This media is composed of vitamins, amino acids and
inorganic salts. The most common salts are: calcium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride,
sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride and sodium phosphate, which can cause nanoparticle instability and
then aggregation and precipitation. Silver and gold NPs were prepared in water using citrate for gold and
hydroxylamine for silver. Both nanoparticles were purified by centrifugation process at 6000 rpm for 30
minutes to remove excess of the reagents. The stability in the cell culture medium RPMI-1640 was
evaluated in bare nanoparticles and modified using the PVP polymer. Silver nanoparticles were
precipitated almost instantly. Instead, gold nanoparticles took several days to reach precipitation. When
immersed in PVP for eight days, the Silver and Gold NPs were stabilized for three weeks. This research
helped to prove that stabilization of Gold and Silver NPs can be stabilized for more time in order to get to
use them as therapy or cure for carcinogenic cells such as cell A-431 cells.
STATISTIC STUDY OF BACTERIA GROWTH INHIBITION USING CdSe QUANTUM DOTS
Astrid M. Martínez Peña, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
Research Mentor: Dr. Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo. Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Quantum dots (QDs) possess great potential for applications in nanomedicine; however, only a few
studies are reported with bacteria. Quantum dots are portions of matter whose excision are confined in all
spatial dimensions. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the
lower intestine of endotherms. Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious
food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls due to food contamination.
It is found in the lower intestine. It is a grown negative red shape bacteria that is the main cause of food
poisoning. This research experiment was conducted to find the effect of the growth of CdSe quantum dots
on E. coli. as a cell model. CdSe QDs were synthesized using the following materials: Ultra High Pure
Water (UHP H2O), cadnium chloride 1.0 M (CdCl2), selenium powder, sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) and
thioglycolic acid (TGA) as a stabilizer. To avoid the presence of Cd ions, the quantum dots were purified
at 6000 rpm for one hour using a 50:50 ratio of DMSO as a biological friendly solvent. This research
experiment found the effect on growth of CdSe quantum dots on E. coli. as a cell model. The effect of the
nanomaterial concentration on the toxicity was evaluated by optical density (OD600) measurements
during 3, 8 and 12 days at 37°C and 150 rpm.
TREATING CANCER CELLS WITH DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES AND COMPARING THE
RESULTS
Teddy Medina, Southwestern Educational Society (SESO), Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Assitant Mentor: Alexandra Maldonado, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
For years, cancer has been one of the most harmful diseases known to men. Expensive treatments are
available to treat against the disease, but there are better procedures. Cancer cells should be confronted
from the beginning. One of their qualities is that they keep reproducing and never extinguish themselves,
so the treatment should consist of retracting the process of reproduction. Vitamin C has been known for
its antioxidants, while nitrogen has been recognized for its freezing properties, otherwise hydrogen
peroxide has been acknowledged for destroying harmful cells. It is important to apply these different
substances to cancer cells to see what would happen. It is predicted that vitamin C would be detrimental
to the cell, while nitrogen would freeze it, therefore ending the reproduction; hydrogen peroxide will
destroy it immediately. Cancer cells were applied in a petri dish with a substance consisting of liquid
nitrogen and vitamin C and then the results were recorded in a period trialfrom 30 minutes to 120
minutes. The cancer cells were applied yet again in a petri dish, but this time with two different
substances, hydrogen peroxide with nitrogen and hydrogen peroxide with vitamin C. It was expected that
the substance consisting of vitamin C and nitrogen would prove the most effective because vitamin C will
first injure the cells and afterwards the nitrogen will stop the reproduction and extinguish the cells finally.
The substance consisting of hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen were expected to be the less effective.
ANALYZING GROWTH OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE AFTER BEING EXPOSED TO
UV LIGHT USING MATLAB
Roberto Olayo, Inmaculada Concepción Academy, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Advisor: Prof. Latorre Estévez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Prof. Van der Meer, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Kevin J. Marrero, San Benito School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Exposure to UV light can result in alterations of the DNA in many organisms. These alterations in the
DNA can present themselves as visible abnormalities. The purpose of this research was to analyze the
growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a common species of yeast) after being exposed to UV light. In
order to achieve this, a colony of S.cerevisiae was selected, permitted to grow and then divided into five
groups. Each group was exposed to a short-wave UV lamp in a hood for different periods of time. One
group was exposed for fifteen (15) minutes, another for thirty (30) minutes; another for sixty (60)
minutes; another for one-hundred and twenty (120) minutes and the other group was not exposed to UV
light. These cells were permitted to grow and then were submitted to serial dilutions in order to achieve
an equal titer of 7x106 per 0.5ml. Once again, these cells were allowed to grow. During the growing
process photographs of the cells were taken for different periods of time. These images were later
analyzed using MATLAB to see the abnormalities, if any, in the growth of the cells. It was expected that
abnormalities in growth should be more present in the cells that were exposed for more time to the UV
light.
SYNTHESIS OF DEXTROSE AND THE EFFECT OF E. Coli GROWTH (GROWTH MODEL)
Michelle Cristina Pérez-Ayala, Notre Dame School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
BEST
Oral
Research Mentors: Dr. Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Ricardo Lorenzana, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are particles of a size between 1 nm and 100 nm. The usage of Ag
Nanoparticles for this research was based on their vital use in many bioapplications, such as medicine,
materials, agriculture, and antibacterial, most importantly. The antimicrobial property is appropriate to be
used to terminate Escherichia Coli (E. coli). E. coli is a bacterium that can be harmless, but other kinds of
E. coli called Shiga Toxin producing E.coli (STEC) create Shiga toxin, which is a disease that can cause
illness. Still, no cure has been found for this disease. This research envisioned determining the effect of
the inhibition of the growth of the E. coli with dextrose-silver nanoparticles through the measurement of
optical density measurements (OD). The pH of E. coli during normal growth was also evaluated to
guarantee the stability of the nanoparticles during cell exposure. A pH test of 5 hours was performed
using the bacterium E.coli to clarify the constancy of the 7.0 pH level. Results reflected that the pH stayed
at the acceptable range of 7.00-6.99, which will maintain the nanoparticles stable during toxicity
experiments. This stability of the nanoparticles was evaluated in the cell media (LB broth) by measuring
the pH values. The results demonstrated the pH values maintained at 7.12 -7.57 which is favorable
because AgNPs did not precipitate during experiments. The effect in growth of the E.coli was observed
using Dextrose Ag NPs by the readings of the OD in a period of 510 minutes. The readings demonstrated
the high levels of toxicity of the Dextrose Silver NPs compared to the control, except at 420 and 480
minutes where the NPs were less toxic. In conclusion, AgNPs were efficient for their antimicrobial
property against illnesses caused by E.coli. In the process of 510 minutes of bacteria development, it
reached higher levels of toxicity in the majority of the times when compared to the control.
FLUORESCENT NANOMATERIALS FOR BIO-IMAGING: CADMIUM
QUANTUM DOTS SYNTHESIS AND EFFECTS ON E. COLI CELL DEATH
SELENIDE
Emery G. Price Cancel, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Marcos Rodríguez, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
Cadmium Selenide Quantum Dots (CdSe QDs) are most commonly known for their photoluminescence.
These particular QDs have a size-dependent fluorescence spectrum. They have recently attracted the
attention of the scientific community because of fluorescent properties and have been in biomedical
imaging applications. By injecting appropriately prepared CdSe QDs into injured tissue, it may be
possible to image the tissue in those injured areas. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is rod-shaped bacterium that
is commonly found in the lower intestine of endotherms. Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some
serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product
recalls due to food contamination. CdSe QDs were synthesized directly in water using cadmium chloride
and sodium hydrogen selenide and thioglycolic acid as a capping agent. In this experiment the effects that
CdSe QDs (Quantum Dots) were evaluated on the growth an E. coli as a target living system. E. coli
culture tubes were prepared by extracting a colony from an agar plate and placing them in 10 mL of Luria
Beartiani Broth (LBB) and incubated at 37oC in a constant motion of 150. The bacteria were exposed to
CdSe QDs as following: Broth, Broth + CdSe QDs, Broth + E. Coli and Broth + CdSe QDs + E. Coli.
These four sets of three tubes where left in an incubator at 37oC and at a constant motion of 150 rpm for
several days. The effect on the growth was evaluated by optical density (OD600) measurements during 1,
3, 8 and 12 days at 37°C and 150 rpm incubation. It was found that CdSe QDs did in fact inhibit the
growth of the E. coli bacteria. At day one, the effect of CdSe on the growth was not remarkable.
However, it was notable after three days of incubation. Finally, a model of use decision was performed
and compared with other fluorescent materials for bio-applications.
ABSTRACTS
GENOMICS
THE ANALYSIS OF THE
BIOINFORMATICS METHODS
BLM
PROTEIN
IN
BLOOM
SYNDROME
USING
Jailisse Acosta-Hernández, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Luis M. Ortiz Jordán, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistants: Greisha Ortíz and Wilnerys Colberg, Universidad Metropolitana,
The Bloom Syndrome is a genetic disorder that is caused by mutations in the BLM gene whose function
is to send signals or instructions for the creation of enzymes called RecQ helicases. Without these
enzymes or the proper functioning of the BLM gene, it is very usual that the stability of the DNA during
the copying process fails, causing changes, mutations or alterations in the final DNA structure. The
physical signs that an affected person with Bloom syndrome shows are bird-like facial features, sun
sensitive skin and, overall, a short body with large extremities. They have a low weight and grow up to be
around five feet tall or less. Men diagnosed with this syndrome are sterile, meanwhile, women have a low
chance of fertility and their reproductive span shortened. Surgical oncology would be best to diagnose
bloom syndrome and/or to treat it. There is no cure for this condition, although, as treatment the
individual to decrease the sun exposure, and to wear sunscreen at all times if there is any type of skin and
sun exposure. The primary objective of this investigation is to contrast the Homo sapiens original BLM
protein in various animal species. The bioinformatics tools to be used are PubMed, EBI, GeneDoc, GBlocks, and Treeview. After this first step, in order to build the 3-D MODEL OF THE PROTEIN, it is
necessary to retrace the steps back to PubMed, followed by PDB (Protein Data Bank), and building the
3D model of the protein in VMD.
WHOLE GENOME PREDICTION FOR CLINICAL USE STUDIES OF HISPANICS
Saimara Alejandro and Gian C. Padilla, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Whole Genome Prediction (WGP) is a method that associates disease, incorporating many thousands of
SNPs into a regression model and yields estimates for a phenotypic trait. Type 2 Diabetes is a lifelong
disease in which there are high levels of glucose in the blood. Inappropriate nutrition and reduced
physical activities raise the risk factor of having diabetes. The aim of this study wa to evaluate obesity in
Hispanics and by using WGP in different scenarios to prove that predictive genetic tests, even with low
accuracy, may be useful.
BIOINFORMATICS STUDY OF MECP2
BEST
POSTER
Natalia Amaral, Puertorriqueño de Niñas School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Luis M. Ortiz Jordan, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistants: Greisha L. Ortiz Hernández, Wilnerys Colberg Hernández,
Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
A Bioinformatics Study of the MECP2 Rett Syndrome is an X linked condition that affects 1 in every
10,000 girls. It is a neurological developmental disorder that causes autistic behavior, severe physical
disabilities, and problems with cardiac, digestive, and skeletal systems. Rett Syndrome is caused by a
mutation in the MECP2 protein. Although the exact function of this protein is not confirmed, it is thought
to have an essential role in neurological communication and the splicing of MRNA. The purpose of this
investigation was to use Bioinformatics to analyze the parallel structures between the MECP2 and MBD2,
a similar protein. The methodology of this Investigation included the use of the following programs:
Blast to indicate the conservation of key amino acids; CLUSTALW, which is necessary to make a
multiple alignment; Gene Doc, used for finding the percentage of conservation between the multiple
alignments of similar proteins, showing the motifs of the amino acid chain in a protein; Tree View, that
shows the phylogenetic tree of the protein; and the Protein Data Bank and VMD, which creates the three
dimensional structure of the protein.
WHOLE GENOME PREDICTION FOR CLINICAL USE IN ADULTS
Kristie Caminero and Karilys Rodríguez, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Whole Genome Prediction (WGP) is a new method which includes or incorporates thousands of single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) simultaneously into a regression model. With this, type 2 diabetes may
be evaluated in a simulated population, since it is an obesity-related disease and a worldwide problem.
The aim of this project was Diabetes in adults and how the true ability of WGP may be used to predict the
impact in different decision making scenarios. The project tried to prove whether the predictive genetic
test with WGP is important and useful for personalized medicine.
ANALYSIS OF THE ATP-BINDING CASSETTE, SUB-FAMILY D (ALD), MEMBER 1
PROTEIN THAT CAUSES ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY
Keyra Colón Rodríguez, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Research PI Mentor: Dr. Ángel Arcelay, Universidad Del Este, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Edgardo Vázquez Rodríguez, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Elvin Méndez Sotomayor, Universidad Del Este, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
The ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 1(ALD-1) is a protein which is involved in the
catabolism of long chains fatty acids. When this protein fails to work, on account of a mutation, it causes
the disease adrenolekodystrophy. This condition causes the fatty acids to accumulate in tissues throughout
the body but, mostly, it affects the central nervous system, the adrenal cortex, and the Leydig cells located
in the testicles. The disease is divided into three different types. The childhood cerebral type includes as
symptoms changes in muscle tone, muscle spasms and spasticity, strabismus, and nervous system
deterioration. The second type is Adrenomyelopathy with symptoms on controlling urination, muscle
weakening or stiffness, and problems with visual memory. The third type is the Adrenal gland failure
(Addison type) that causes vomiting, muscle weakness, and in serious cases a coma. The program SIFT
(Sort Intolerant from Tolerant) was utilized to predict whether an amino acid substitution in the ALD-1
amino acid chain can affect its function. Results obtained by SIFT showed that 28.75% were intolerant
amino acid substitutions in the first twenty positions of the polypeptide chain and 71.25% were tolerant.
This in conclusion means that there is a very high probability that if a mutation occurs within the first
twenty positions, the protein function will not be affected.
WHOLE GENOME PREDICTION WITH SLEEP APNEA STUDIES
Zoribel Cordero and Carolyn M. Colón, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Luis Ortiz-Jordán, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistants: Greisha Ortiz-Hernandez and Wilnerys Colberg-Hernandez,
Sleep apnea is when the breathing becomes shallow or pauses when an individual sleeps; it is associated
with obesity. Adenoidectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the adenoids behind the nasal passage
that cause sleep apnea. The Whole Genome Prediction (WGP) was used for this research. It is a program
that incorporates SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) into a regression model that estimates the
contributions of molecular markers to the overall variance for a phenotypic trait. The R program was used
to simulate a population, examining their percentage of excess weight loss after the tracheostomy surgery
with WGP. The aim was to evaluate sleep apnea in children caused by obesity using WGP to observe the
impact in different scenarios, to prove that predictive genetic test may be valuable for this common
disease. By evaluating the outcomes of interest and using Excel for the statistical analysis, more cases of
sleep apnea were prevented by using WGP. In conclusion, by wisely using WGP, and improving its
methods, it may be a successful tool to be used one day.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF A DEPLETION ON THE AGK GENE IN TWO ORGANISMS
THAT CAUSE SENGERS SYNDROME
Amanda M. Crastz Flores, Nuestra Señora de la Providencia School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Brenda Torres-Velásquez Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Jhonny Navarro Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Joseph Colón, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Sengers Syndrome, that causes death early in the development of a human, presents such conditions as
congenital cataracts, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, lactic acidosis, mitochondrial myopathy and, in some
cases, muscle enlargement. The purpose of this research was to make a comparative analysis between two
organisms with the AGK gene, where the depletion was produced. The research involved studying the
probability of incidence of the Senger Syndrome in humans. The T-coffee alignment program showed
100% of similarities between the AGK gene of the humans (AGK_HUMAN) and the AGK gene of the
Sumatra Orangutan (AGK_PONGO). According to their taxonomy, these two species are mammals and
the orangutan is the closest animal to humans in relation to their genome. 97% of the orangutan genome is
identical to the human genome. This means that the orangutan has a 3% probability of suffering from
Sengers Syndrome.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PROTEIN THAT CAUSES POLYDACTYLY ON
DIFFERENT SPECIES
Kilian Crastz Flores, Nuestra Señora de la Providencia School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The Polydactyly is a condition in which the subject has one or more extra finger on one or more limb.
Many scientific papers say that this condition is not from humans only, also others mammals suffer this
condition. The question is: What have in common those species who suffer polydactyly?. In this project
the researcher has two main objectives: search the genes related to polydactyly condition and, compare
them with analog genes of other species to determine how much similar they are. After analyze the
results, the researcher found that the alignment of genes sequences received 99 points in scores at the
program TCoffee.
BIOINFORMATICS STUDY OF PROTEINS RELATED TO THE FIBROMYALGIA DISEASE
Jamie Lee Cruz Ortiz, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Fibromyalgia is a condition that causes muscle pain and fatigue. This condition has trigger points of pain
in the hands, legs, back, neck and shoulders. Some of the proteins that are related to cause fibromyalgia
are: IGF-I (Insulin-Like Growth), and CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid). The methods to be used in this study
are bioinformatics tools and databases. The bioinformatics tools are Genedoc to visualize the multiple
alignments, Tree-View to constructs phylogenetic trees, and Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD) to
predict the protein structures. The databases are NBCI-BLAST, MEME, G-blocks, ClustalW2 and Protein
Data Bank (PDB) to predict the multiple sequence alignments and protein structures.
MUTATIONS ON THE GENE GATA2 OF MOEBIUS SYNDROME
Ian Febus and Natalie González, Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
The Mobius syndrome (MBS) is an extremely rare congenital neurological disorder which is
characterized by facial paralysis and the inability to move the eyes from side to side. Most people with
Mobius syndrome are born with complete facial paralysis and cannot close their eyes or form facial
expressions. There are many genes that have been related to this disease: GATA2, PGT, and EGR2 are
some of them. In order to develop this project, the gene GATA2 was selected. GATA2 is a human gene
located in chromosome 3, which makes a protein called GATA binding protein 2. Several studies infer
that 3q21 and 3q22 are susceptible locus to develop MBS due mutations, but there is not enough evidence
to prove it yet. The main objective of this research was to learn how sensitive 3q21 and 3q22 were to the
20 possible amino acid mutations, besides MBS. The sequence of the gene was obtained through NCBI
and the Ensembl database. The SIFT program was used to run the mutations. Results showed loci 3q20
was less sensitive to mutations than loci 3q21, but in both of them at least 75% of mutations were
considered damaging to the human being.
APPLICATION OF PUNNETT SQUARE TO EQUINE COAT COLOR GENETICS
Nacexlyn Flores, Isabel Flores School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
For every living thing there are millions of instructions called genes that characterize their growth,
appearance and maintenance. Genes cannot be seen, nevertheless, the presence of genes is recognized
because of its effects on the organism in ways that we can be seen or measured. Equine coat color
genetics determines a horse's coat color. There are many different coat colors possible, but all colors are
produced by the action of only a few genes. The main objective of this project was to study the genes that
determine the coat color of horses, using Punnet Square and the probability concepts in order to explain
possible patterns of coat color inheritance.
BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF THE SSCL22A5 CARRIER MEMBER 5 PROTEIN THAT
CAUSES PRIMARY CARNITINE DEFICIENCY
Gabriela Goitía-Vázquez, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
BEST
Oral
The purpose of this investigation was to analyze the cause of Primary Carnitine Deficiency through the
use of bioinformatics. Primary Carnitine Deficiency is a condition that restricts the body from acquiring
Carnitine, a substance used by cells to convert fat into energy. This condition usually appears during
infancy and most often affects the brain, causing encephalopathy; the heart, causing cardiomyopathy; or
the blood sugar, causing hypoglycemia. This deficiency is a hereditary condition found in an autosomal
recessive pattern which means that both parents are carriers. Primary Carnitine Deficiency is caused by a
mutation in the Solute Carrier Family 22 gene, which provides instructions for the member 5 protein,
which is responsible for transporting Carnitine into the mitochondria. The composition of this was
analyzed and compared to other proteins of both humans and other animals using bioinformatics. For the
investigation, Uniprot and Blast online databases were used to find out the sequence of the SSCL22A5
carrier member 5 proteins and to find similar proteins of animals and other humans. In addition, computer
programs such as Gene Doc, Tree View and VMD were used to align these proteins and to view them in
both phylogenetic tree and crystalized protein format.
BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF NEUROFIBROMIN AND MERLIN PROTEINS
Maroly C. González-Pérez, Papa Juan XXIII High School, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
Neurofibromatosis (NF) is a neurocutaneous disorder that affects the skin melanin and causes the
uncontrolled growth of tissue in the nerves. Among the outstanding symptoms is the development of
neurofibromas, tumors that surround nervous tissues. There are three types of NF, each one with different
genetic causes. The NF type 1, also called peripheral NF, is caused by a mutation on the NF1 gene that
results in the lack of Neurofibromin. It regulates negatively Ras proteins, which are important for the
signal transduction necessary for cellular processes. The NF type 2 is caused by a mutation on the NF2
gene, resulting in the absence of the protein merlin, involved in cellular growth. The aim of this research
was to analyze and compare both proteins using bioinformatics tools. It included finding the protein
sequence alignment in the data base PubMed, comparing the homology and similarity sequence using
European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), determining their conservation percentage in Gene Doc,
searching the motifs in MEME and creating a three-dimensional model using Visual Molecular Dynamic
(VMD).
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF HYPOPHOSPHATASIA INCLUDING AMINO ACID
SUBSTITUTION OF THE ALPL PROTEIN
Michael Hicks, Diocesano Santiago Apóstol School, Fajardo, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Elvin Méndez Sotomayor, Universidad Del Este, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The exact physiological function of the alkaline phosphatases is not known. A proposed function of this
form of the enzyme is matrix mineralization. This enzyme has been linked directly to hypophosphatasia, a
disorder that is characterized by hypercalcemia and includes skeletal defects. Elevated alkaline
phosphatase, assessed along with other enzymes, can indicate a number of medical conditions. The
character of this disorder can vary, however, depending on the specific mutation since this determines age
of onset and severity of symptoms. An elevated alkaline phosphatase can be indicative of conditions such
as gallstones, hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Bone diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia and Paget's
disease cause elevated ALP levels, as do bone tumors or cancer. The enzyme level may also rise during
the healing of a bone fracture, and in that instance would not be suggestive of malignancy. Though not as
common, if liver and bone disease are ruled out in the presence of an elevated ALP, other causes include
heart attack or heart failure, kidney cancer, sepsis, hyperparathyroidism and mononucleosis.
BIOINFORMATICS STUDY OF SPRED1 AND SPRED2
Carlos A. Huang-Zhu, Virginia S. Rodríguez-Domínguez, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of leukemia among children, but the least
common among adults. This disorder is a fast developing type of cancer that develops in the bone
marrow, the soft inner part of some bones, which is made up of a small number of blood stem cells, more
mature blood-forming cells, fat cells, and supporting tissues which help cells grow, and affects
lymphocytes produced in their early stages. Affected lymphocytes do not develop completely and are not
able to fight infections; this will prevent red blood cells from performing their own functions. The
proteins affected are Sprouty-related, EVH1 domain-containing protein 1 (SPRED1) and Sprouty-related,
EVH1 domain-containing protein 2 (SPRED2). The purpose of this investigation was to use
bioinformatics tools to analyze two protein sequences. PubMed was used to find references and protein
sequences. The tools used included CLUSTALW2, which is used to make the multiple alignments;
GENEDOC, which is a sequence alignment editor, analyzer, and shading utility; MEGA-5, which was
used to visualize the phylogenetic tree; PROTEIN DATA BANK (PDB), wasused to explore whether the
protein had been crystallized to get the file and view its 3D structure, and VMD, which was used to
visualize the protein in 3D.
BIOINFORMATICS STUDY OF THE FILAGGRIN PROTEIN AS A CAUSE OF ATOPIC
DERMATITIS
Jonathan López de León, C.R.O.E.M. School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Atopic dermatitis is a skin disease caused by different allegers and patches of erythema that produces
irritation and a colorized skin. It is mostly hereditary and causes genetic problems. The deficiency in the
Filaggrin and Claudine protein could be the primary cause of this disease. This type of dermatitis is
related to high IgE levels, which determine the percentage of allergy, skin dehydration and a chronic
inflammation. This disease will develop bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and herpes simplex. The
principal purpose in this investigation was to find the relationship between amino acids comparison, find
the deficiencies of the Filaggrin and Claudine protein, then find the conservation levels and determine the
amino acid sequence deficiencies using bioinformatics tools. It was found that certain regions in the
protein analysis were highly conserved. They also shared evolutionary information. Through some
bioinformatics analysis, it was encountered that some of these proteins had some conserved and also
important amino acids that determined their functions.
BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF METHEMOGLOBIN
José David López- Villegas, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Blue baby syndrome is a disease that is caused by a decrease of blood to carry oxygen, resulting an
oxygen defiency in body parts. Babies are the most vulnerable to this disease, adults get this disease
rarely. Some of the symptoms to this disease are cynanosis that’s a form of hemoglobin that is unable to
bind oxygen and that’s why babies have blue nails, lips and skin. Difficulty breathing and delayed
development are other symptoms. Delayed development is a methemoglobin that is unable to transport
needed oxygen to all the body parts. This may cause mental retardation and the infant grows slower than a
healthy infant. The genes that cause the blue baby syndrome are methemoglobin and hemoglobin. The
protein that is affected is cythochrome-b5 reductase. The purpose of this work is to analyze the protein
cythochrome-b5 reductase and how the amino acids of the protein conserve. The method is to use
bioinformatic tools and databases like NCBI-Blast, Gene Doc and Tree View. MEGA5, MEME, Gblocks and some other programs are used to create multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees,
MEME, and protein 3D structure.
STABILITY AND VERIFICATION OF TATP FRAGMENT CATION IN GAS PHASE
Natalie López Rodríguez, Inmaculada Concepción Academy, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Dr. Leonardo Pacheco, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) displays six molecular fragments with high abundance, when it is ionized
using electrons of 70 eV in a Gas Chromatograph-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer. The fragments are m/z
32, 43, 58, 59, 74 and 75; where the m/z 43 is the most abundant fragment. The stability parameter for
these cations and neutral TATP was calculated using the Gaussian 09 program. The method employed in
the present study was the B3LYP density function theory (DFT) approach. Fully optimized geometries
under “Tight” conditions (Opt=Tight), transition states, stabilization energies, vibrational frequency and
thermochemical properties were also calculated by unrestricted open-shell wavefunctions B3LYP/6311++G(d,p) at the level of DFT theory. After ionization, the most abundant cation: m/z = 43, could be
reconstructed to two other geometries. The energy barriers for
tautomerism were calculated and
compared with other fragments. There was no minimum found in the cation of the molecular ion. This
explains why the molecular ion has so low abundance in the experimental measurements. It was found
that m/z = 43 and is the most stable in the theoretical framework. This is in agreement with experimental
results, and the possible tautomerism involved providing a reasonable explanation of why m/z = 43 is the
most abundant fragment.
BIOINFORMATICS STUDY OF THE SLC26A2 PROTEIN
José Luis Marrero, Santa Teresita Academy, Naranjito, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Luis M. Ortiz, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistants: Greisha L. Ortiz, Wilnerys Colberg, Universidad Metropolitana, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Diastrophic dysplasia is a rare growth factor and that almost always is the cause of orthopedic problems
on people with dwarfism. This disease is known as a progressive one, which can lead to other physical
disabilities. The diagnosis of this disease is detected or confirmed by a molecular genetic testing of the
protein SLC26A2 (DTDST), the only gene known as a DTD family. This bioinformatic study will attempt
to find and contrast proteins SLC26A1 through SLC26A11, investigate the conservation percentage, and
construct phylogenetic trees and motifs to evaluate the differences in the SLC26A1 through SLC26A11.
The programs used for this investigation were GeneDoc, MEGA5 and Visual Molecular Dynamics
(VMD), the data banks, the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI) and PubMed. MEGA5, MEME, Gblocks and some other programs were used to create multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees,
MEME, and the protein 3D structure.
BIOINFORMATICS STUDY OF SMPD1, NPC1, AND NPC2
Paulina Marrero, Puertorriqueño de Niñas School, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
This autosomal genetic disease is caused when the lipid metabolism does not break down the sufficient
amounts of cholesterol and lipids. The disease is divided into types A, B, C, and D. Type A and B occur
when the cells in the body do n o t have an enzyme called ASM). Type C occurs when the body cannot
break down cholesterol and other fats. The proteins that get affected are NPC1 and NPC2. It is
important to use Bioinformatics to see the multiple alignments of proteins, to visualize the protein in a 3D
model to learn the structure, and also to see the conservation percentage of the sequence of proteins. The
methodology consisted of using: Blast, to find similarities of regions between the proteins; Clustal W2,
t hat aligns the multiple proteins; Gene Doc was used to find the percentage of conservation between
proteins; Mega Five to infer phylogenetic trees; and VMD, to show the structure of the protein in 3D..
All these sources allowed the researcher to see and understand better the diversity of proteins and how they
are organized.
A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE INVOLVING
THE CYBB PROTEIN
Fabiola Negrette Delgado, María Reina Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Elvin Méndez Sotomayor, Universidad Del Este, Carolina, Puerto
Rico.
The cytochrome b-245 beta (CYBB) protein functions as both the key component of the membrane-bound
microbicidal oxidase system of phagocytes and as the terminal component of a respiratory chain, which
transfers electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH through the plasma membrane to reach molecular oxygen
on the exterior. Other functions include its participation as both a voltage-gated proton channel and a
cellular pH regulator. When this protein is deficient in an individual, it constitutes as the spark of one of
the five biochemical defects correlated with chronic granulomatous disease. This is due to the fact that
there is decreased activity of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. There is an inability to increase cellular
respiration and to kill phagocytic vacuoles, and there is a failure in the transfer of oxygen into the
phagocytic vacuole. With SIFT, a computer program both based on the substitution of intolerant from
tolerant amino acids and on the principle that protein evolution interrelates with protein function, one can
calculate the probability of whether mutant activation of alleles will occur. According to results obtained
from this program, the intolerant alleles have a 56% probability of mutant activation while tolerant alleles
have a 44% probability. This indicates that there is a higher probability for intolerant alleles to mutate.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE MUTATION IN COL1A1 AND COL1A2 GENES USING
BIOINFORMATICS TOOLS
Natalie A. Nieves Echevarría, Papa Juan XXIII High School, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), also known as crystal bones disease, is a genetic disorder that causes
diverse symptoms in connective tissue and a noticeably decrease in bone mass, turning them susceptible
to fractures. Mutations COL1A1 or COL1A2 alter the structure of the alpha chains of collagen type 1.
The structure of this protein is a triple helix that requires a glycine residue in every third position in order
to fold precisely. From eight types of OI, the substitution of glycine for other amino acids cause types I,
II, III, and IV, depending on the amino acid and the location of the substitution. The goal of this research
was to use Bioinformatics programs to find similarities and analyze both COL1A1 and COL1A2 proteins
in other animal species similar to Homo sapiens using EBI, determine the conservation percentage
between the proteins of the select species using Gene Doc, construct and compare phylogenetic trees that
represent the evolution and motifs in Tree-view, and design both proteins in Visual Molecular Dynamics
(VMD).
SIFT PROBABILITY OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION TOLERANCE OF COAGULATION
FACTOR VII
Miguel Ortiz Mercado, University High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico
The K-Dependent factor which is essential for hemostasis travels in the blood as zymogen. There exist
three other factors, Factor IX, Factor X and Factor XII, that united to Factor 3 and calcium ions produce
coagulation cascades. If in any of these factors there is a mutation, there can be several consequences in
the cell and the plasmatic molecules. If the plasmatic molecules are affected, it can complicate the
vascular system circulation by producing clots affecting the heart bloodstream that could provoke a
myocardial infarction. The program SIFT was utilized to calculate the tolerance of a protein when an
amino acid is substituted in the first twenty positions of the polypeptide chain. SIFT showed that 61.75%
of the amino acid substitution were intolerant and 38.25% were tolerant to the change. In conclusion, this
means that there is a high probability that if a mutation occurs, it causes an uncontrollable formation of
clots that may produce a myocardial infarction.
MUTATIONS IN THE GENE GNAS1 OF THE MCCUNE-ALBRIGHT SYNDROME
Jaymarie Osorio, Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
The McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) is a rare disorder constituted by the association of coffee stains,
affected bones, precocious puberty and monostotic -or polyostotic- fibrous dysplasia. This non-hereditary
syndrome can happen to boys and girls, but it mostly affects girls. For this syndrome, the investigated
gene was the GNAS, but to develop MAS the mutations had to occur in the gene GNAS1. For this
research, the NCBI database and Ensembl were used to find the sequence of the gene related to this
disorder. The SIFT program was used to analyze the mutations. It was found that most of GNAS1 point
mutations were considered dangerous for the functionality of the gene.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF SYNDROME MODY3 INVOLVING THE PROTEIN HNF-1Α
Rodney P. Padovani Casanova, Luterano School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-Alpha (HNF-1α) attaches to the DNA and helps produce more proteins
related to the liver. Mutations of the hepatic transcriptor factor-1 gene on chromosome 12q24.2 cause the
syndrome Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 3, also named MODY3. This syndrome reduces
glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, which causes Hyperglycemia or high blood sugar. The software
called SIFT (Sort Intolerant from Tolerant) does a sequence to sort the protein from intolerant to tolerant
substitution amino acid, and predicts if the substitution of amino acid will have a phenotypic effect. The
results on SIFT in this gene showed that a 40% of Amino Acids substitution were tolerant and a 60% of
Amino Acids substitution were Intolerant. This means that there is a higher probability of a mutation
occurring.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION OF THE OTC GENE
Andrea Rivera, Carvin School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The Ornithine Transcarbamylase encodes a mitochondrial matrix enzyme. Missense, nonsense, and frame
shift mutations in this enzyme lead to Ornithine Transcarbamylase deficiency, which is the most common
inherited disorder of the urea cycle. This disorder is transmitted as an X-linked trait, sex linked
deficiency, which causes hyperammonemia. Since the gene is on the X chromosome, females are
primarily carriers while males with nonconservative mutations rarely survive past 72 hours of birth. The
gene is located on the short arm of chromosome X and located in the mitochondrial enzyme. The
objective of this research was to examine changes on amino acids using SIFT (Sort Intolerant from
Tolerant). SIFT predicts whether an amino acid substitution will affect protein function. Results of
substitutions in amino acids composition in the protein in SIFT are expected to be more intolerant than
tolerant. Results from SIFT show that an average of 24% of amino acid does not resist changes and 76%
of amino acid are tolerant. This demonstrates that there is a lower probability of a mutation occurring in
the protein.
BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS OF SOX10 IN THE WAARDENBURG SYNDROME
Zoralis L. Rosa-Mercado, Levittown Baptist Academy, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
Waardenburg Syndrome is a genetic condition that causes deafness and pale skin, hair, and eyes.
Although the parent passes the gene that caused the disease, the diseases may have different symptoms.
This condition has four types. Type I and Type II are common but, Type III, also known as KleinWaardenburg Syndrome, and Type IV also known as Waardenburg-Shah Syndrome, are very rare. Type
IV also has symptoms of Hirschpurg Disease, an intestinal disorder that causes a blockage of the intestine.
The Waardenburg Syndrome affects an estimated 1 in 10,000 to 20,000 people. The purpose of this
investigation was to determine the percentage of conservation of the amino acid sequence and to infer the
phylogenetic trees and cladograms in order to evaluate changes between species.
BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF FRIEDREICH ATAXIA DISEASE
Lizette Sáez, Santa María del Camino School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Friedreich Ataxia is a genetic condition that affects the nervous system and causes movement problems.
This was discovered in the late 1800’s. People who are born with this condition, or later on in their lives
have it, will develop impaired muscle coordination. Friedreich Ataxia is caused by mutations the FXN
gene located in chromosome 9, which provides information for making a protein called Frataxin. Most
people go through symptoms of this disorder around puberty, but this may affect at any age. Within the
symptoms people can have loss of strength and impaired speech. Other people might experience and/or
have diabetes, impaired vision, hearing loss or abnormal curvature of the spine. It is estimated to affect 1
out of 40,000 people. The condition is mostly expressed in people with European or North African
ancestry; it is rarely found in other ethnic groups. Through Bioinformatics, the protein information is
discovered and processed. Bioinformatics is a field of science in which biology, computer science, and
information technology merge to form a single discipline.
BIOINFORMATICS STUDY OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN WOMEN
Kathyana P. Santiago Mangual, Puertorriqueño de Niñas School, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
Student Research Mentor: Luis M. Ortiz–Jordán, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Greisha L. Ortiz-Hernández, Wilnerys Colberg-Hernández,
Manifested 90 percent of the times in women, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune
disease that affects many different organs and organ systems in the human body. It is considered as a
rheumatic disease that causes aches and stiffness in many joints, being this the disease’s most common
symptom. It may be caused by both environmental factors and an overproduction of the B-lymphocyte
stimulator, the immune protein that regulates the process in which white blood cells release inflammatory
proteins. Studies have shown that estrogen, a hormone that contributes to the characteristics of the female
body, has an important role in this disease. Autoimmunity has certain characteristics such as affecting
heritage through genes and estrogen appears to contribute to SLE. Therefore, deeper studies on the
estrogen hormone, its effect on the female gender, and the relationship between the B-lymphocyte
stimulator proteins and estrogen were essential for the development of this research. Through the use of
bioinformatics tools and databases, an analysis of B-lymphocyte stimulator was done. The results
demonstrated that certain regions in the protein sequence are highly conserved and that they share
evolutionary information through distinct organisms.
WHOLE GENOME PREDICTION FOR CLINICAL USE IN ADOLESCENTS
Andrea Sosa, San Rafael School, Quebradillas, Puerto Rico.
Deysharee M. López, Calasanz School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
One of the biggest concerns in society nowadays is obesity in teen or adolescent children. Obesity is an
excessive accumulation of body fat. Most teenagers gain weight very easily, due to the process of puberty
and the need for nutrients in their bodies. The health problem related to obesity presented in this study is
type 2 diabetes in teens. To study it, the Whole Genome Prediction (WGP) was used, a method that
incorporates many thousands of SNPs simultaneously into a regression model and yields estimates for the
contribution of markers to the overall variance for a phenotypic trait. The aim was to study how using
WGP alters the prevalence of diabetes and adverse events.
BIOINFORMATICS ANALYSIS OF THE ABCD1 MUTATION THAT CAUSES X-LINKED
ADRENOLEUKODYSTROPHY
Gabriela D. Talavera-Santiago, Santa María del Camino School, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Luis Ortiz-Jordán, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
This investigation focused on comparing the ABCD1 and ABCC6 proteins that cause X-Linked
Adrenoleukodystrophy to the same proteins in other living organisms. X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy
is a disease in which the body is unable to break down fatty acids, causing membrane lipids and proteins
rich in VLCFAs to form. These abnormalities cause the neuronal myelin sheath to become unstable, and
as a consequence, may cause the axonal demyelination, neuromotor defects and, in extreme cases, death
that characterizes this condition. This illness is caused by a mutation in the ABCD1 and ABCC6 proteins.
In most cases, the mother is the carrier of this mutation, although a father that is affected by the illness
can also transmit the condition. These proteins were compared to the same proteins in other living
organisms in order to obtain the percentage of conservation of parentage in the aligned amino acid
sequences. This was done to evaluate the evolution of these proteins. The methodology of the
investigation consisted of the following: using Uniprot and Blast online databases to find out the amino
acid sequence of these proteins and to find similar proteins of animals and other humans. In addition,
computer programs such as Gene Doc, Tree View and VMD were used to align these proteins and to view
them in both the phylogenetic tree and crystalized protein format. The results of this investigation showed
an 80% level of conservation in the amino acid sequence regions within the protein, 2% of it stayed
without any change throughout generations. This meant that the remaining 98 percent of amino acids
within the protein changed frequently throughout generations. It means that any change that may occur in
the protein does not necessarily affect directly the protein’s structure or its function.
AMINO ACID SEQUENCE BIOINFORMATIC ANALYSIS IN HGD
John D. Vélez Rivera, Vocational High School, Fajardo, Puerto Rico.
Alkaptonuria is an inherited disease. This disease causes urine to turn black when it mixes with air. It is
caused by a mutation in the HGD gene. The HGD gene provides instructions for an enzyme that helps
break down amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine that build blocks of proteins. When this gene
mutates, it impairs the enzyme’s role, causing homogentisic acid to build-up in certain parts of the body
like large joints that could eventually lead to arthritis. Some of this acid is excreted in the urine and causes
the urine to turn black once it mixes with air. People with this disease may develop arthritis (especially in
the spine) usually beginning around their mid-30’s. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern,
which means that both parents carry a copy of the mutated gene. This is a rare disease which affects
around 1 in 250,000 to 1 million people worldwide. People are more commonly affected in certain parts
of Slovakia and in the Dominican Republic. There is no effective cure for this disease. Studies show that
high doses of vitamin C can significantly reduce build-up of brown pigment in the cartilage. This disease
cannot be prevented if both parents carry the defective gene. The objectives of this investigation were to
find and contrast proteins in other animal species similar to Homo sapiens’ HGD gene, to investigate the
conservation percentage between the proteins of the selected species, to construct and compare
phylogenetic trees that represent the evolution and motifs, and to evaluate the differences in the HGD
gene. Some programs used were GeneDoc, Visual Molecular Dynamics (VMD), and MEGA-5.
BIOINFORMATICS STUDY OF CNGA3
Patricia Victoriano, Luterano Resurrección School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Achromatopsia is a genetic disease that consists of an anomaly in the vision. It is caused by an alteration
in photoreceptor cells called cones. The cones of a person with this disease are very underdeveloped
which means they have difficulty noticing color resulting in seeing black, white and shades of grey. It was
discovered by John Dalton close to the 1960s. There are some islands with the majority of the population
having this disease such as Pompei and Pyngelap. Some of the symptoms for this disease are Amblyopia
(lazy eye), Hemeralopia (unable to see in bright light), Nystagmus (involuntary movement of the eyes and
eye sight degeneration). Most ophthalmologists mistake Achromatopsia for Nystagmus, due to this being
a symptom. It affects 1 in 30.000 people in the United States; it is very rare in women so it is more often
seen in men. It is found on the Cyclic Nucleotide Gate Channel Alpha 3 also known as CNGA3 region. It
has no treatment. PubMed was used to find references and protein sequences. The tools used included
CLUSTALW2, which was used to make the multiple alignments; GENEDOC, which is a sequence
alignment editor, analyzer, and shading utility; MEGA-5, which was used to visualize the phylogenetic
tree; PROTEIN DATA BANK (PDB), used to explore whether the protein has been crystallized to get the
file and view its 3D structure, and VMD, which was used to visualize the protein in 3D.
ABSTRACTS
BIO-MATHEMATICS
HOW A PERSON CAN BE ECOFRIENDLY DEPENDING ON ENERGY USAGE
Joshua J. Adames Avilés, San Rafael Arcángel School, Quebradillas, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Natalia C. Santiago Merced, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistants: Anna Flores Maddox, Tatiyanna L. Hughes, Universidad
Electrical energy is caused by the movement of electrical charges (positive and negative electrons) in the
interior of conductive materials. Electrical energy can be renewable or nonrenewable. This research was
focused on the consumption or use of electrical energy. What country consumes the most and which
consumes the least? How much is consumed in the United States and what is the highest consumption
recorded? To finalize, an analysis was made of data and the increase in the use of energy and how much
has been used in the world for years. Excel is a program that has calculus and graphics tools. It is one of
the programs most used to calculate operations. Global Electricity is a new application that presents the
energy used in the world, different types of energies and the amount (percent) used per region. Also, it
demonstrates the changes caused if energies are eliminated.
THE MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF VASCULAR AND AVASCULAR BREAST CANCER
Hermes Aponte, Bonneville School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that is characterized by abnormal cell growth in the tissues of the breast.
It is one of the most common cancers in females in the United States. Symptoms of breast cancer are
lumps or tumors in the area, changes in the appearance of the nipple, discomfort, ulcers, and weight loss.
Breast cancer can be treated through chemotherapy, surgery, hormonal, radiation, gene therapies, and
immunotherapy, but may also lead to death, it. VENSIM is a program used to create, develop, and
analyze complex and dynamic mathematical models. VENSIM can be applied to model vascular or
avascular growth of breast cancer tumors. It was used for this research.
OPTIMAL TIRE PRESSURE FOR THE BEST DURABILITY
Jesús Aponte, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
The current economy, in general, is getting worse each year. Because of this, people are looking for ways
to save money. One way to do this is by having the correct pressure in the tires of a car. Through time, the
durability of tires in cars has affected the economy in different ways. This occurs because people do not
know, the pressure at which tires should be inflated for the best durability. Consequently, this could
represent a problem at large, because a tire with a high pressure (or low) could result in flat tires and in
the purchase of new tires inadequately. This research consisted on finding the correct pressure of a tire
that provides the best durability, thus saving money on new ones.
A STATISTICAL MODEL TO ANALYZE OZONE DEPLETION DUE TO CFC EMISSIONS
Alondra Y. Báez, Manuela Toro Morice High School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Media, scientific journals, news and even other people, have been making comments about the increase
and decrease of the hole in the ozone layer. About 45 years ago major environmental changes have
occurred on our planet, some of them caused by humans. These changes began to cause a slip in the
amount of atmospheric ozone. Studies over decades have revealed the size of the hole in the ozone layer
according to the minimum amount of ozone during that time. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are related to
the deterioration and destruction of ozone. This research was focused on explaining how CFCs affect the
size of the hole and a minimum amount of ozone during that time. Data was taken from the
Environmental Protection Agency (site). Minitab V.14 was used to perform a descriptive statistical
analysis and to develop a regression model in order to predict the ozone hole size in function of how
much CFC is being emitted to the atmosphere.
ANALYSIS OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION TOLERANCE OF THE THE MRP6 PROTEIN
Nydiana Benítez, Isidro A. Sánchez School, Luquillo, Puerto Rico.
The multidrug resistance-associated protein 6 (MRP6) transports molecules across a cell membrane. The
protein may play a role in the material that provides strength and flexibility to structures throughout the
body. It is suggested by research that the substances transported by the MRP6 protein help to regulate the
amount of calcium and other minerals that are deposited in certain tissues. If the protein cannot complete
its function, on account of an ABCC6 gene transcription error, then the substances it transports cannot
regulate the amount of calcium, which causes an abnormal accumulation of calcium in the elastic fibers.
This accumulation of deposits of calcium and other minerals in elastic fibers, which are a part of the
connective tissue, cause Pseudoxanthoma elasticum. The program SIFT was used to sort tolerant amino
acid substitutions from intolerant ones. Results showed that 49.5% of the amino acids substitutions were
tolerant to the mutation, while 50.5% of the amino acids were intolerant to the mutation. In conclusion,
this means that there is the same probability that a mutation occurring on the MRP6 protein will either
affect or not affect its function.
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF DENGUE FEVER IN PUERTO RICO
Gabriel Castro, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
The mosquito Aedes Aegypti has caused very serious problems in Puerto Rico. Dengue Fever, caused by
this mosquito, is one of the main reasons of outbreaks on the island. There are four types of Dengue:
DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4, and Puerto Rico has had the four types of cases. The number of
reported cases of Dengue in Puerto Rico is very high, even though the probability of dying from it is very
low. However, the outbreaks are more dangerous each time. This research consisted of creating a
descriptive analysis of Dengue fever outbreaks as time passes. Using the data from the Health Department
of Puerto Rico, charts and graphs were created and particular patterns were observed. The study revealed
that there seems to be a seasonal pattern of Dengue fever.
THE COMPARISON OF THE VON WILLIEBRAND GENE IN HOMO SAPIENS AND MUS
MUSCULUS
Kalijah Chapman and Kristal Román, Educación Bilingüe de Cidra School, Cidra, Puerto Rico.
The Von Wiliebrand Disease (VWD) is an inherited bleeding disorder in which blood does not clot
properly. This disorder is caused by qualitative and quantitative defects in the von Willebrand factor
(VWF). The gene widely studied that is related to this disease is the VWF-gene located at 12p13.2. It has
52 exons spanning 178kbp. Through history, several species (particularly rats and mice) have been used
in medical research in order to develop new medicines to improve human health. The main purpose of
this project was to learn if there are other species carrying an analog gene to VWF human gene. The
NCBI database was used to find the VWF-human gene sequence; and BLAST was used to align the
sequences. The main result obtained was that Mus musculus also carries a VWF and it is 83% alike to the
VWF human gene. According to the literature, the hypothesis that animals are susceptible to this disease
is still under study.
HIV TRANSMISSION STATISTICS USING THE SIR MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Nicohl I. Cintrón Rodríguez, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS stands for Acquire Immunodeficiency
Syndrome. HIV is a virus that attacks the immune system, infecting and destroying the CD4 (T-cells)
lymphocytes, and the white blood cells that protect the body against viruses, bacteria and germs. HIV is
treated with antiretroviral drugs, which are the ones that keep HIV at a low level in the body. They can be
transmitted by unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected person (oral, vaginal, or anal), a
contaminated blood transfusion, artificial insemination with semen or organ transplant taken from an
HIV-infected donor, injecting drugs, and from mother to child. VENSIM is a program to develop,
analyze, and pack high quality dynamic models. VENSIM was used to create an SIR Model
(mathematically) of HIV Transmission. This model was used to calculate the number of susceptible,
infected, and recovered/removed people in a population.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES: TUBERCULOSIS AND LEPROSY
Ana A. Coterillo Sosa, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Leprosy (also known as Hansen’s disease) is a chronic, infectious disease that affects the skin and nerves
of individuals. Most people ignore the symptoms because it is painless and does not itch. Tuberculosis is
caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although many relate tuberculosis with their
lungs, the bacterium can also affect other parts of the body such as the spine, brain, and other extremities.
The purpose of this project was to find the probability of people with Leprosy and Tuberculosis in the
near future. The software used was VENSIM. Google and Mozilla Firefox, as well as other various search
engines and web browsers were used in this project. The mathematical model used for Tuberculosis and
Leprosy was the ordinary differential equations (SEIR-type models), age-structured and delayed models,
comprising both partial differential equation and discrete-time compartment models, and spatially
structured models.
THE DESTRUCTION OF THE HUMAN BODY THROUGH THE USE OF ALCOHOL
Keren Cruz, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Alcohol is a very strong substance and an addiction for many people. Its consumption is also one of the
world’s favorite pastimes. Some of the results of taking alcohol are accidents, serious mental disorders,
severe headaches and in many known cases, death. The main reason most people drink is to avoid pain
and/or depression. It is a very common addiction, but sometimes the damage it causes can be too much to
be able to be fixed. The consumption of alcohol, even for a first time drinker, can be very dangerous
because there is a chance that someone will become addicted to it. VENSIM was used for developing,
analyzing and packaging dynamic models. Additionally, it helped to understand the SIR model and how
alcoholism can increase or decrease annually. Excel is a program to create formulas, data and worksheets.
Excel was used to create the graphics to see how alcoholism affects the population per group.
STUDYING SLEEP PATTERNS USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS
Andrea I. Ferrer Vega, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Sleep disorders prevent a person or animal from getting the rest that they need. Without rest, the body
does not have the ability to perform activities at its full potential. Sleep disorders can also cause panic
attacks and insomnia. In this research, the goal was to understand the patterns found in the sleep/wake
cycle. VENSIM and Excel software were used in the research. These programs helped to analyze data and
study how the sleep patterns vary in different groups of people.
PREDICTION MODEL FOR THE BEE COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER
Bryan Fuentes, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Since 1940, there have been unexplained losses of managed honey bee colonies in the United States. In
the absence of a known cause, this syndrome was named Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) because the
main trait was a rapid loss of adult worker bees. This is a huge problem, because it affects the
reproductive cycles of plants and trees, and it affects the economy of beekeepers. In this research, a model
of linear regression was created using the software R with the purpose of predicting the number of bee
colonies left in a few years from now.
STUDYING SLEEP PATTERNS USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS
BEST
POSTER
Laura García Canto, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
The role of mathematical equations in enzyme kinetics is a very big in this part of chemistry because it is
the tool used to determine the rate or velocity of these enzyme reactions. Various tools help determine and
illustrate the rates and velocities of the reactions; one of the most used being the Michaelis-Menten
equation which lets determine the v0 of the reactions and illustrates in a graph the results of an enzyme
experiment. By using programs like R, the Michaelis-Menten equation may be illustrated in a statistical
manner which is more accessible to people who are not chemists or who do not study chemistry.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN UNEMPLOYMENT AND HOMICIDES-MURDERS IN PUERTO
RICO
Fernando Guzmán, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
The crime rate in Puerto Rico has been a social problem that through the years has wreaked havoc.
According to a study by the Citizen Council for Public Safety and Justice, Puerto Rico was placed
number 25 in the world, as one of the places with the highest crime rate by population in the world. A
statistical analysis was performed to check the relationship between unemployment and the murders and
homicides in Puerto Rico from 2002 to 2009. The work was done with the program Excel, using the
formulas for data correlation and regression of the graph. According to the information gathered, it seems
that there is a relationship between the problem of unemployment in Puerto Rico and the murders and
homicides recorded in previous years.
IMPLICATIONS OF OXIDATIVE PROCESS IN GENES RELATED TO DIABETES
MELLITUS
Michael Hernández, Christian Nazarene Academy, Levittown, Puerto Rico.
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the ability of a
biological system to rapidly detoxify the reactive intermediates or repair the resulting damage. It can
cause diseases such as atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and others. According to the literature, there
are several amino acids that are affected by oxidative stress, among of them, tryptophan, histidine, and
methionine. Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which affect various organs and tissues,
lifelong, and is characterized by increased levels of glucose in the blood or hyperglycemia. The main
objective of this project was to determine the consequences of the oxidative stress process in individuals
who suffer diabetes mellitus. In order to develop the research, a sequence of the diabetes mellitus gene
through NCBI and the Ensembl database were obtained. The SIFT program was used to run the mutations
in specific positions.
HOW WATER QUALITY AFFECTS THE BIODIVERSITY OF EL YUNQUE
Esteban López Merced, Nuestra Señora de la Merced School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Anna Flores Maddox, Tatiyanna L. Hughes, Universidad
Biodiversity is the variety of life, for example mammals, birds, bacteria, plants, found in a specific
geographic region. Water quality is the term used to describe the fiscal, chemical and biological
properties of water. The Yunque is a sub-tropical rainforest located in the eastern side of the Luquillo
Mountains. It is divided into four principal ecosystems: the Dwarf forest, the Palm forest, the Wet forest
and the Moist forest. The rainforest has eight principal river systems: Espiritu Santo, Mameyes, Sabana,
Pitihaya, Fajardo, Santiago, Rio Blanco and the Rio Grande de Loíza. Excel was used to make linear
graphics and linear regression of the water quality depending on the biodiversity.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE COMPONENTS OF MILK IN DIFFERENT SPECIES
Leysa A. López González and Verónica C. Fraguada Rodríguez, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos,
Puerto Rico.
Milk is vital for human health; it has a variety of nutrients that enhance the growth and development of
the body. Most people drink cow milk daily as a source as calcium, but it also has other nutrients that are
important as well. The purpose of the investigation was to search for other mammals that can produce
milk and look for an average of the production of nutrients and compare it with cow’s milk. The animals
that were compared with the cows were the buffalo, sheep, goats, camel, and mare. The nutrients studied
were the proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, water, and minerals. Data was obtained from nutritional data
tables in Spain. A correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between milk
components, and regression models were implemented to explain which components explained the
protein quantity in milk. Hypothesis testing of means was used to determine if there were significant
differences among the milk of mammals studied.
EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS, AN AUTOSOMAL GENETIC
DISORDER
Gabriela Malespín, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Evolutionary analysis of genetic abnormalities and diseases is a vital tool for determining both notable
characteristics in demographic populations and analyzing mutation patterns to design better treatments
and breakthroughs in gene therapy. Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal genetic disorder caused by the
misfolding of the CFTR protein. This in turn causes an accumulation of chloride and sodium ions around
the epithelial cells, leading to several disorders in the lungs, pancreas and reproductive system and can
lead to fatality at around age forty. Cystic Fibrosis is well suited to evolutionary analysis, as it presents
interesting trends among diverse demographic populations, particularly among Caucasian and northern
European populations. This research concentrated on genetic modeling and sequencing of various
mutations of cystic fibrosis. VENSIM, Grantham Distance and MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetic
Analysis) were used to determine amino acid distance, reaction and enzymatic kinetics and evolutionary
traits of the disease.
COMPUTATION ANALYSIS OF ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA INVOLVING AMINO ACID
SUBSTITUTION OF THE SERINE PROTEIN
Nicole Márquez Andino, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
The Serine protein helps to recognize whether the DNA is damaged or broken, and also plays a large role
in the development of the immune and the nervous system. When a mutation occurs within the protein, its
function can be affected later causing the Ataxia Telangiectasia, better known as Luis-Barr Syndrome.
Ataxia-telangiectasia is a rare inherited disorder that is characterized by progressive difficulty with
coordinating movement (ataxia) in children of early age. Symptoms include decreased mental
development, discoloration of skin areas exposed to sunlight and enlarged blood vessels in the nose and
eyes. The program SIFT was utilized to analyze the tolerant and intolerant amino acids in the first twenty
positions that when changed within the serine amino acid chain affect its function. SIFT predicts which
mutants may have a phenotypic effect before the functional assays are carried out. Results showed that
50.5% were intolerant amino acid changes and 49.5% were tolerant. This means that there is an equal
chance of a mutation occurring that will affect the serine protein function provoking the Luis-Barr
syndrome.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF E. coli GROWTH IN PRESENCE OF TGA- CAPPED CdSe
QUANTUM DOTS
Kevin Matos, María Teresa Piñeiro School, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
BEST
Oral
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Marcos Rodríguez,. Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
Quantum dots are nanoparticles which possess unique electronic and photophysical properties that make
them ideal for different types of technological applications and cell marking. They have a great promise
for applications in nanomedicine. In recent years, Quantum Dots (QDs) have been widely researched for
their applications in biological systems, but a few studies have reported effects with live beings. Recently,
some effects were reported in CdTe QDs, but, there was no reported data of the toxicity of CdSe QDs in
bacteria as well as in the development of a mathematical model of the growth in presence of the quantum
dots. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used as the model to study the effect of CdSe QDs on cell growth by
optical density (OD600) measurements and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATRFTIR) spectra. The results revealed that when the toxicity experiments started with an OD= 0.0125 value,
there was an effect in the Log phase. The experiments were performed using two initial OD values
(0.0125 and 0.025). The effect was analyzed in three parts: Lag phase, Log phase, and stationary phase.
The mathematical model was developed to describe the bacterium’s growth under each individual
condition that was developed using the logistic equation. Solver tools from Microsoft Excel were used to
determine the constant values.
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF SEXUAL ABUSE IN PUERTO RICAN WOMEN
Carol Mercado Santana, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
Male sexual violence against women has become a serious situation in Puerto Rico and is considered a
public health problem. Cases increased dramatically from 1950 to 1980, being the year 1980 the year with
the highest incidence of rape, which occurs mostly in young women aged 20. Following the ratification of
Law # 54 in 1989, which was created to eliminate violence in couples’ relationships, and several
organizations that protect and educate women, these incidents decreased drastically. The main purpose of
this research was to make a descriptive analysis of the decline of rape against women in recent years,
when considering total crimes for years, and to show the kind of woman most likely to be attacked,
whether by an acquaintance or a stranger.
A DISEASE CALLED ASTHMA
BEST
POSTER
Eduardo Pagán, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Asthma is a long life chronic disease of the lungs that can affect a person every day if it is not treated.
Symptoms may include breathlessness, wheezing, coughing and chest tightness and some of these can
happen many times in a day. Some common triggers can be mold, smoke, and strong odors, among
others. The best way to prevent asthma attacks is to know the triggers and to follow the medicine
instructions as directed. The objective to this research was to know the current patterns of asthma attacks
in patients around the world. The methodology used in this research consisted on creating modules with
free software called VENSIM. The program had many features like sensitive analysis and dynamic
functions. With the help of web browsers, information and statistics were obtained.
EIGENVALUES AND EIGENVECTORS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN THE INHERITANCE
EVOLUTION OF BATTEN DISEASE
Luana M. Paredes Sánchez, Notre Dame School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Batten disease was named in honor of the pediatrician Frederick Batten who first described it in 1903. It
is the most common form of a group of disorders called Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCL). NCL is
the general name for a family of at least eight genetically separate neurodegenerative disorders that result
from excessive accumulation of lipopigments in the body's tissues. Although Batten disease is usually
regarded as the Juvenile form of NCL, it has now become the term to encompass all forms of NCL. The
forms of NCL are classified by age of onset and have the same basic cause, progression and outcome but
are all genetically different, meaning each is the result of a different gene. Over time, affected children
suffer mental impairment, worsening seizures, and progressive loss of sight and motor skills. Eventually,
children with Batten disease/NCL become blind, bedridden and unable to communicate, and, at present, it
is always fatal. Batten disease is not contagious or, at this time, preventable. This disease is inherited in an
autosomal recessive pattern, which is a genetic condition that appears only in individuals who have
received two copies of an autosomal gene, one copy from each parent. The gene is on an autosome, a
nonsex chromosome. The parents are carriers who have only one copy of the gene and do not exhibit the
trait because the gene is recessive to its normal counterpart gene. In this project, some concepts of linear
algebra were applied to genetics such as eigenvalues, eigenvectors, inverse matrix and diagonalization of
a matrix, in order to predict the inheritance evolution of Batten disease in a population after any number
of generations.
MORTALITY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADULT WOMEN AND THE FETUS
Abner Pérez Cabán, Nuestra Señora de la Merced School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistants: Anna Flores Maddox, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
Maternal death is when a woman that dies while pregnant or within 42 days of a terminated pregnancy,
and neonatal death is when the fetus dies during its first month. The major reason for maternal death is
severe bleeding, preclampsia and unsafe abortion. The major cause of neonatal death is the abruptio
placentae, a premature rupture of the membrane and the most common birth defect. Microsoft Excel is a
spreadsheet program that can effect calculations, graphing tools and pivot tables. The program was used
to view the increase and decrease during ten years in mother deaths. The neonatal deaths decreased and
increased in 2008 in different countries. The conclusion was that the relationship between both is the
combined effects of extreme poverty, disease and overpopulation in some countries. This leads to a lowquality health care.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF GAP JUNCTION BETA1 MUTATION IN PERIPHERAL
NERVES
Miriam Ramos, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Elvin Méndez Sotomayor, Universidad Del Este, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The Gap junction beta 1 gene is part of the gap junction connexin famil which speeds the transport of
nutrients, ions and molecules that carry communication signals through cells. The protein encoded is
located in the cell membrane of specialized cells called Schwann cells, found in the peripheral nervous
system consisting of nerves connecting the brain and spinal cord to muscles and sensory cells. Mutations
of this protein are related to the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease where defective proteins cause the nerves to
slowly lose their function and ability to communicate that results in muscle weakness, atrophy in the
extremities and degeneration of sensory nerves. The objective of this research was to understand and
simulate amino acid substitution in the protein chain, using the program SIFT (Sorting Intolerant from
Tolerant), and see how the mutation affects its phenotypic function. SIFT results showed that within the
first twenty positions of the protein amino acid chain there was a70.5% of intolerance while there was a
29.5% of tolerant amino acids. This means that there is a high probability that if a mutation occurs within
the first twenty amino acid positions of the chain, then it is very likely the Schwann cells will not
communicate effectively, therefore manifesting the Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
COMPARISON OF ASTHMA TENDENCIES IN UNITED STATES
Aryam N. Rivera Ortíz, Homeschooler, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Asthma is a lung disease that if not treated rapidly can lead to death in a future. Over 2 million people die
annually due to this disease. Asthma makes people stop breathing or suffocate if doing much exercise. It
can also worsen with changes in temperature. Consequently, a person with asthma carries an inhaler at all
times. The main purpose of this project was to analyze the statistical values of asthma in the United States
using Minitab and Excel. This project consisted of analyzing the asthma disease based on the areas people
live. Based on their living area, the average increases or decreases were studied. Trends are noted in
which the northern part of United States behaves similarly to the southern part. Also, the east coast
behaves very similarly to the west coast.
THE EFFECT OF PROPINIBACTERIUM ACNE ON THE EXPOSITION BY RED AND BLUE
LIGHT
Isabel C. Ruíz, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
The purpose of this research was to ascertain how better or similar results would be achieved when the
bacteria of acne, better known as Propinibacterium acne, are exposed to the red and blue light at various
times, yet having the same number of days with the treatment. To achieve the results there must be a
change in the amount of time the bacteria are exposed to the light. This project tried to find if a treatment
that is done in a shorter amount of time is efficient as it is commonly used. It is really hard to believe that
this bacterium that is common in the skins’ flora is actually a disease caused by sweat, puberty, grease,
fat, allergies and is even hereditary. VENSIM was used for developing, analyzing and packaging dynamic
models. Furthermore, it was helpful to understand the bacteria growth model and how this increased or
decreased annually. Excel was used to create formulas, data and worksheets. In this program linear graph
were created to see how acne affects the population.
PROBABILITY OF HIGH AND LOW CHOLESTEROL
Luis E. Ruíz Colón, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Cholesterol is a lard steroid of fat that the human body requires to maintain balance in the body. It is
divided into two unbalanced fields; high cholesterol and low cholesterol. When classified with high
cholesterol, it has been concluded that a large amount of lard clogs the arteries, ceasing the blood flow
within the body. VENSIM is a program where statistics are presented in models. VENSIM was used to
model how cholesterol increases or decreases annually per group of people. Another program used was
Excel, which is helpful to organize data, make graphics and charts. Excel was used to show different
linear graphs of high and low levels of cholesterol to see how hazardous these levels were in the human
body. What is the probability in a group of people having high and low cholesterol?
THE IMMINENT THREAT OF SOLAR STORMS IN MODERN-DAY SOCIETY
Gerardo Sánchez Navarro, Bonneville School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
A solar storm can be defined as a burst of plasma or an eruption in the sun. This violent solar event occurs
when the sun's magnetic field alters and releases massive amounts of energy along with radiation. Solar
storms are dangerous because they cause significant damage to the electrical grid, telecommunications,
and other technological devices. The issue with solar storms is that they not only affect technology but
also interact with human DNA, stimulating distortions in biosynthesis in cells. The disruption of
technology would provoke a catastrophic social and economic impact due to the increased reliance of
these devices in daily life. Scientific information indicated that an extreme solar storm cycle activity was
predicted to peak in 2012.
GREEN IGUANAS AND THEIR EFFECT ON PUERTO RICO’S BIODIVERSITY AND
ECOSYSTEMS
Marcos Sánchez Navarro, Bonneville School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
The Green Iguana is a large species of lizard native to Central and South America and the Caribbean.
These huge reptiles breed annually and produce an average of 10-30 younglings. Green Iguanas tend to
breed in the dry season because this way they can ensure that their young hatch in the wet season when
food is more readily available. The average lifespan of a wild iguana is 8 years. This species has already
infested the whole Puerto Rican archipelago and represents a threat to Puerto Rico’s biodiversity and
ecosystems for various reasons. A serious reason is that studies done show that these huge lizards eat
animal eggs and have been found to represent a great threat to the native Puerto Rican Parrot. VENSIM, a
program with many features like dynamic functions, arrays, and data handling, was used on this research
to construct and develop a Predator-Prey model that could show how this species can affect the
environment.
SUICIDE RATES IN PUERTO RICO
Shyline Santana, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Suicide happens when a person decides to end his or her own life due when trying to find a way out of
either internal or external problems. One of the main causes of depression is a severe problem that starts
off slowly and gains upon the person. VENSIM was used for developing, analyzing and packaging
dynamic models. Also, it was helpful in understanding suicide graphically and model how suicides
increase or decrease annually. Excel was used to create formulas, data and worksheets. In this program
linear graphs were created to analyze how suicide affects the population per age.
APPLICATION OF MENDELIAN LAWS AND PUNNETT SQUARE
INHERITANCE OF AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE HARLEQUIN ICHTHYOSIS
TO
STUDY
Jancie L Santiago González, Caguas Private School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
The skin is the primary deflector for the human body. The skin is made up of many layers, but it is the
outermost layer that provides the most protection and it is this layer where one of the many skin diseases
take place. Ichthyosis is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, scaling skin that may be
thickened or very thin. Harlequin Ichthyosis is very rare; its exact incidence is unknown but it is estimated
that each year, more than 16,000 babies are born with some form of Ichthyosis. This condition is inherited
in an autosomal recessive pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The
parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene,
but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition. The genetic mutation that causes the
disorder is passed from parent to child. In some cases, however, neither parent exhibits the disorder, but
parents are carriers of the defective gene. When two carriers pass their mutated gene on to a new life, the
child will inherit the disorder. The research consisted of predicting how the mutation is passed down from
generation to generation, and in the future, by applying the Mendelian Laws and the Punnett Square, infer
which generation will be affected by Ichthyosis.
SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE TYPE C1
Netsha J. Santiago González, Caguas Private School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Niemann-Pick Disease (NP) refers to a group of inherited metabolic disorders known as leukodystrophies
or lipid storage diseases in which harmful quantities of fatty substance (lipids) accumulate in the spleen,
liver, lungs, bone marrow, and the brain. There are four types of Niemann-Pick: A, B, C and D. NPC is
one of forty rare lysosomal-storage diseases. Niemann-Pick Type C occurs when the body cannot
properly break down cholesterol and other fats (lipids). Over 150 mutations (abnormalities) of the gene
NPC1, provide instructions for producing a protein that is involved in the movement of cholesterol and
lipids within cells, which cause Niemann-Pick Disease type C1. Niemann-Pick Type C usually appears in
childhood but it can also occur in adolescence and adulthood. The life expectancy depends on the stage
of life they have been diagnosed. This disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, which
means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The objective of this research was to take the
sequence alignment of Niemann-Pick of different onsets (Homo sapiens, Felis catus, Canis lupus
familiaris, Sus scrofa, Oryctolagus cuniculus, and Rattus novegicus) and use T-COFEE, SIFT and
InterProScan to analyze if there were differences depending on the onsets, to predict levels of tolerance or
intolerance, and to observe the evolution of the disease.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF AMINO ACID SUBSTITUTION OF THE PKLR PROTEIN
Yamilette Santiago Rodríguez, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
The pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L (PKLR) protein is a kinase that catalyzes the transphosphorylation of
phohsphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate and ATP, which is the rate-limiting step of glycolysis. Defects in
this enzyme, due to gene mutations or genetic variations, are the common cause of chronic hereditary
nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia (CNSHA or HNSHA). Multiple transcript variants encoding different
isoforms have been found for this gene. The purpose of this research was to predict whether an amino
acid substitution within the first twenty amino acids of the PKLR polypeptide chain can affect its function
using the program SIFT. Results showed that an average of 47.5% of amino acid substitutions were
intolerant and 52.5% of amino acid substitutions were tolerant, meaning that there was a low probability
of a mutation occurring.
MALARIA AS A MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Eugenio Sarritzu, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
The disease of malaria is caused by parasites called Plasmodium that are carried mostly by mosquitoes.
The disease enters the human body through a mosquito bite. These mosquitoes that carry the disease are
called anopheles, and are often referred to as “malaria vectors.” Even though malaria is a life-threatening
disease, it can be prevented and cured. The symptoms of malaria can be seen within a week or two after
the mosquito bite, but a type of malaria can show symptoms as quick as 24 hours after the bite and if not
treated quickly, it can lead to severe illness or even death. VENSIM and Excel were used for this
research. VENSIM was used to make dynamic mathematical models that contain all of the facts about
malaria. On the other hand, Excel was used to organize numerical and regular data and represent
mathematical equations, graphs, statistics and analytical models.
ACCURACY OF ADJUSTED BMI FORMULA VS. METRIC BMI
Zaely C. Sierra García, Santa Rosa School, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Body mass Index (BMI) is calculated by taking weight in kg and dividing it by height in square meters.
BMI has been used as a standard to classify: underweight, normal, overweight and obesity in inividuals.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the BMI cut-off point for evaluating individuals as
overweight and obese is 25 𝑘𝑔/𝑚2 and 30 𝑘𝑔/𝑚2 , respectively. BMI may not correspond to the same
degree of fatness in different populations. The calculation may overestimate body fat in athletes and may
underestimate body fat in people with sedentary lifestyles, females and some ethnic groups. It has been
suggested the possible need for developing different BMI cut-off points due to the increasing evidence
that health risks increase below the cut-off point established by the WHO.The purpose of this study was
to compare the BMI formula adjusted by the author with the metric BMI and how they correlated with
obesity.
COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE MECP2 PROTEIN THAT CAUSES RETT SYNDROME
Sara Torres, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
The MECP2 gene provides instructions for making a protein, known as MeCP2, whose exact function is
unclear. It appears to help regulate gene activity (expression) by modifying chromatin, the complex of
DNA and protein that packages DNA into chromosomes. The MeCP2 protein usually regulates genes
involved in brain function, even though this protein is found throughout the body. Mutations in the gene
alter the structure of the MeCP2 protein or lead to reduced amounts of the protein. As a result, the protein
is unable to bind to DNA or turn other genes on or off. The Rett syndrome is caused by mutations in the
MECP2 gene. SIFT is a sequence homology-based tool that sorts intolerant from tolerant amino acid
substitutions and predicts whether an amino acid substitution in a protein will have a phenotypic effect.
FACTORS AFFECTING SUICIDE RATES IN THE UNITED STATES
Adrián Manuel Vázquez, Cristo Redentor School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Suicide is the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. The rapid growth of suicide is causing
economic problems in United States because suicide costs productivity, meaning less money that flows
through the economic system of the United States. Also, the government has to pay for each one that has
committed suicide. With the use of data acquired from U.S.A. Suicide: Official Final Data, a prediction is
attempted to estimate suicide deaths in later years such as 2015. Some factors that affect suicide growth
rate were also investigated. If growth rate of suicide in later years were known, as well as some factors
affecting it, changes could be made to help minimize the rate.
THE EFFECT OF THE CREUTZFELDT- JAKOB DISEASE IN HUMANS
Andrea Vázquez Quiles, Christian Nazarene Academy, Levittown, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
The Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare mental disorder classified as a transmissible spongiform
encephalopathy (EET). This study explains the symptoms of the disease and what causes it. The symptom
that causes the least damage is insomnia, although it turns fatal progressively, and the most severe
symptom is coma. Although the CJD is extremely lethal, it has not been studied much because of its rarity
and isolation. Barely one in one million people around the world are affected by CJD, with the exception
of Chile. The CJD should be further and more intensely investigated so that the people with it can recover
or at least be treated. MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) is a program that helps create a
multiple sequence alignment from protein sequence data. MEGA 5 was used to create the phylogenetic
trees. Excel is a Microsoft program that permits to create tables, graphs, to manipulate data and build
arithmetic operations. Excel was used as a mathematical program to see the chemical change between the
amino acids and how the CJD affects the population.
APPLICATION OF MENDELIAN LAWS AND PUNNETT SQUARE TO
INHERITANCE OF AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT VON WILLIEBRAND DISEASE
STUDY
Alicia Vega, Notre Dame School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common hereditary coagulation abnormality described in
humans, although it can also be acquired as a result of other medical conditions. Basically, VWD can be
defined as a bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process. VWD disease can have different
inheritance patterns: type 1 and rare cases of type 2 von Willebrand disease are inherited in an autosomal
dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the
disorder. Type 3 and most cases of type 2 von Willebrand disease are inherited in an autosomal recessive
pattern, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. Most often, the parents of an
individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but do not
show signs and symptoms of the condition. To study the inheritance of VWD, the Mendelian Laws and
Punnett Square concept were used under different initial conditions, using probabilities.
ABSTRACTS
BIO-STATISTICS
ALTERNATIVE HOME COOLING METHOD (PHASE II): FLAT VS BENDED METAL
REFLECTORS
Fabiola Agramonte, María Reina Academy, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Prof. Marlene Colón, María Reina Academy, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico exhibits high sun radiation exposure due to its geographical position. Solar radiation during
the day heats houses and the roofs of buildings, influencing the use of air conditioning systems
dramatically. Much of the cost of cooling a home can be saved by passive cooling techniques, which do
not require expensive retrofits or professional installations. Exploration of practical methods to
reduce insulation and heat conduction towards the interior of homes is important to counteract the above
inconveniences. It is known that the most effective ways to block heat from entering a home is insulation,
reflective barriers and shading. Because dark colors absorb more of the radiant energy from the sun, it has
been widely known that dark-colored home exteriors absorb 70% to 90% of the radiant energy that strikes
the home's surfaces. Some of this absorbed energy is transferred into a home by way of conduction,
resulting in heat gain. In contrast, light-colored surfaces effectively reflect most of the heat away. A
method was proposed for reflecting incoming heat installing a radiant or reflective-bended barrier. Two
rectangular sections or reflective barriers of a typical floor with the same area were used. One section was
masked with a barrier of aluminum and left flat, while the second reflective barrier or section was bended.
Each section had its own thermometer and the collected temperatures were graphed as a function of time.
The bended reflective barrier masked with aluminum showed a decrease in temperature as compared with
the flat aluminum surface. During hot days the curved pan acts as a shade, reflecting sunlight back up to
the sky preventing heat from entering the home.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECTS OF THE WEST NILE VIRUS IN ANIMALS AND
HUMANS
Alondra N. Bogoljubskij Valedón, Nuestra Señora del Carmen School, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Kamil Suliveres, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Dayanara Lebrón,Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito that infects horses, birds and humans. Regular mosquitoes can
become infected when they feed or bite infected birds. The virus then gets into their salivary glands,
where they make saliva. The West Nile Virus has different diseases that can make people sick. The
possibilities of people getting West Nile Virus are 1 to 5, and they depend on the immune system strength
of the individual or animal infected. The comparison on the mortality and survival percentages between
the animals and the humans was made. In the year 2011, the places the virus had struck the most
violently was Texas with a total of 1,057 cases and 46 deaths and in Louisiana with 147 cases and 10
deaths. Preliminary data showed that the West Nile Virus has affected more animals than humans but they
have a greater percentage of survival having only 45% of deaths.
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF THE ELISA TEST
BEST
POSTER
Ian Chaar, Christian Nazarene Academy, Levittown, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Dayanara Lebron, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The Elisa (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test is a screening test used to determine whether an
individual who is asymptomatic has or does not have HIV. The sensitivity of a test is stated as the
accuracy of a test to determine if the individual has HIV. 1256 subjects were tested for HIV using a Saliva
Test and the Elisa Test, where one third of the subjects tested Positive for the virus. The objective was to
calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the Elisa test, and also calculate the proportion in a sample of
subjects that were diagnosed with a false positive or a false negative while being tested with the Elisa test
to conclude the efficacy of this test. Preliminary Data showed that the when the antibody is present, Elisa
is positive with a probability 0.997, and when the antibody is absent, Elisa is negative with a probability
0.985.
SMOKING AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE HUMAN CORPORAL TEMPERATURE
Adria Cotto, Melanie Ortiz, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Dayanara Lebrón, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Smoking, which is a world practice and drug addiction, is known to be the cause of many diseases, mostly
concerning the cardiovascular and respiratory body systems. This research focused on the damage
smoking inflicts on the nervous system, specifically if the practice has any effect on the temperature
regulating section of the brain, the hypothalamus. It was hypothesized that there is no significant change
in the body temperature of smoking and non-smoking subjects. Data consisted of a two day experiment,
in which the subject’s temperature was measured twice per day. Data were classified into four
classifications: smokers, both male and female, and non-smokers, also both male and female. Afterwards,
the mean for all classifications was calculated. Because all of the means were similar, one daily measure
out of 4 for each group that showed a greater variability was selected for data analysis. A paired t-test,
with an alpha of 0.05 was used to test the Null Hypothesis and box plots were made to map out the results
of the calculations. The results of the T-Test rejected the null hypothesis, and the principal hypothesis was
accepted.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ASPERGUER’S DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Karina I. Cruz Rivera, María T. Piñero School, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
The Asperguer Syndrome (AS) is a type of neurological impairment, classified as an ASD (Autism
spectrum disorder), which affects the normal behavior, the ability to communicate and difficulties in
social interaction. The detection of the syndrome in children ranges from 3 years old and up, although the
frequency of children with this mental impairment has been from the ages of 5-9. The objective of this
study was to determine the efficacy of the autism diagnostics test and propose a more efficient way to
diagnose the level of autism in a child. The tests are analyzed through the contrast and comparison of
specific characteristics in the behavior of the individual tested. Preliminary analyses showed no difference
between the Autonomic Scale for the Detection of the Asperguer and the Inventory of the Spectroautism.
LOWER STATISTICAL PERCENT TO PREDICT ADULT BRAIN CANCER FOR 2015
Viviana Cruz, Christian Nazarene Academy, Levittown, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentors: Kamil Suliveres and Dayanara Lebrón, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
A brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain tissues due too alterations on the genes, and the
rearrangement chromosomes. Recent studies suggest that there is a link between brain cancer and
chemical exposure (Duan, Hu, Zhao, J & Luo, 2012). This abnormal cell growth destructs the brain cells
and provokes direct damages when it compresses other parts of the brain. The populations that have
genetic conditions such as retinoblastoma and neurofibromatosis are highly susceptible to acquiring a
brain tumor. Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children, but due to the immaturity of the
nervous system, the options for treatments are limited. The objective of the research was to enrich the
knowledge about brain tumors, the effect these can cause and what the range of age for having brain
tumors is more probable statistically. Tumors can vary from location in the brain. Their development and
growth may change the way the child may be affected. Data provided of cases of cancer per year were
analyzed using Excel and R to predict an exponential growth or a decrease in infected populations..
CROP MAKING ROBOT (PHASE II): A VIRTUAL PROTOTYPE DESIGN
Daniela Díaz, María Reina Academy, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
A robot is a machine designed to execute one or more tasks repeatedly, with speed and precision. There
are as many different types of robots as there are tasks for them to perform. The Virtual Crop Making
robot was designed with the purpose of cultivating and planting seeds. The main objective was to make
this process easier and faster due to the decrease in planting on the island of Puerto Rico. The cultivation
of crops in Puerto Rico has been decreasing because of construction use of lands and the contamination of
the lands and water. Also, the farmers and the workers have been decreasing their work on the lands
because of the lack of interest or because of the difficulty of such work. This has been affecting the
economy as well because the exports of the island have decreased as well. This robot will be able to
prepare the land which the farmer wants to cultivate and plant the seeds of the farmer’s preference. The
purpose of this virtual robot was to, as a future project, make the process of cultivation easier for the
owner of the lands and to increase the number of goods exported. The Crop Making Robot would help
farmers planting the crops, which is an exhausting and hard work. This virtual robot would have a pair of
shovels to make the holes, put the seeds inside, and cover again the opening. It would also have the ability
of calculating the correct distance between
USING STATINS TO REDUCE MORTALITY PERCENTAGES IN PNEUMONIA PATIENTS
Stephano Encarnación, University Garden High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Pneumonia is a respiratory disease provoked by the inflammation of the lungs due to an infection
produced by a virus. In this study, statins (a drug that lowers the level of cholesterol in the blood by
reducing the amount of cholesterol produced by the liver) were used to reduce the pneumonia cases in
patients admitted to the hospital. The objective was to determine whether statins reduced mortality in
patients admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia. Data provided showed 3,090 Adults
Participants admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. They were categorized according to use of statins
for at least one week before admission and duration of the hospital stay. Data analyses were made
calculating the odds ratio, and the percentage of mortality according to the classifications of the patients.
Results suggest that statins could have reduced mortality in pneumonia patients, also given that the
average survival percentage is 33% between groups.
SOUNDPROOFING POTENTIAL OF CORK AND RUBBER
Irene Hammel, María Reina Academy, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
Most people take hearing for granted until they start losing it. Excessive noise exposure is the primary
cause of hearing loss; so reducing excessive noises can improve one's hearing health. Many people, more
than those one can imagine, are exposed to hazardous sound levels on a regular basis. Decibels measure
the loudness of sound. More than 80 decibels usually do not damage one's hearing, but noises higher than
80 are considered hazardous, 110 decibels or louder, regular exposure of more than one-minute risks
permanent hearing loss. It is known that loud noises do not only cause hearing loss, they also elevate
blood pressure, increase loss of sleep, increase heart rate, cardiovascular constriction, labored breathing
and changes in brain chemistry. This experiment will determine which recyclable material, between cork
and rubber, will provide a more effective soundproofing. It was expected that rubber would provide more
effective soundproofing than cork, based on the relative density. The results of this project will help
people avoid the effects of hazardous noises and at the same time help the environment by using
recyclable materials. In order to perform this experiment, cork tile and rubber tile together with a sound
level meter were used. Results revealed that using either cork or rubber tiles decreased the sound level by
more than 10 decibels. The direct measurement was that with 88 decibels, cork tile was able to decrease
the sound level to 79 decibels, while rubber tile decreased the sound level to 77 decibels. The width of
the barrier evaluated on the number of tiles used as dividers did not affect the results. Based on the
results of the experiment, rubber was slightly more efficient as a soundproofing material than cork.
COMPARISON BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND NEUROLOGICAL STATUS IN INFANTS
WITH REPARATIVE HEART SURGERY
Kiaralys Lara Sánchez, Christian Nazarene Academy, Levittown, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Kamil Suliveres, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Dayanara Lebrón, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Open Heart Surgery is a procedure that is used to repair or replace damaged heart valves and is a high risk
operation for infants. Post- Operation the heart and respiratory system tend to not work in the same way,
the child development slows down and the growth of the heart resumes. Data was used to assess the
child’s level of functioning by the investigation of the development and neurological status of children
who had undergone reparative heart surgery. Data is divided into two surgeries: low flow bypass and
circulatory arrest. The analysis was made in R using a Paired T-Test with α=0.05 comparing Mdi and
Pdi scores for each surgery.
LEAF STOMATA OF IXORA COCCINEA AS BIO-INDICATOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE IN PUERTO RICO
Ana Longo; María Reina Academy, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
Leaves are the main photosynthetic organs of a plant and are in charge of cellular respiration. For leaves
to carry out cellular respiration, plant cells need a supply of CO2 and a way to dispose of oxygen. The
exchange of oxygen and CO2 occurs through the stomata. Plants regulate the aperture of the stomata so
they can absorb as much CO2 as possible, and so they can lose the least amount of H2O possible. This
experiment aimed to prove that leaves from Ixora coccinea can be used as biological indicators of
environmental change by counting the stoma on the underside of the leaf. It is known that the stoma of a
leaf regulates the change of carbon dioxide, water and oxygen needed for the process of photosynthesis.
The objective was to prove that this type of plant, that lives in higher concentrations of CO 2, has evolved
and begun to grow its leaves with a lesser number of stoma than those living in lower levels of CO2 due to
the fact that there is a vast supply of carbon dioxide and no need to thrive to get the carbon dioxide. Data
was collected and used for an analysis and a conclusion and the hypothesis was proved right. To collect
this data, clear impressions of the underside of each leaf were obtained by coating the underside in clear
nail polish and peeling it off slowly and carefully. The carbon dioxide levels were collected using a CO 2
sensor. The collected data revealed that differences in levels of carbon dioxide made the plant’s stoma
number change.
LION FISH: MORTALITY RATE AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEPENDENCIES
Alia Ortiz Bayron, Esc. Especializada en Artes, San Juan. Puerto Rico.
The lionfish is a native of the Indian and Pacific Oceans that has invaded the waters of the Caribbean, the
Gulf of Mexico, and the Atlantic Ocean. It has almost no natural predators in the aforementioned waters,
which makes it a dangerous predator in the reefs. It reaches sexual maturity before its first year of life and
it spawns in pairs. The only predator is the mere toad, but the toad is in danger of extinction which makes
the population rate of the lionfish to increase exponentially. The objective of this research was to recreate
a simulation to find the rate at which this species may be extinguished or eliminated. Simulation was
carried out through the Vensim program, using a population of (5-7) lion fishes and 1 predator per reef
with an increase of 30,000 laid eggs and a mortality rate of .25.
MACRO INVERTEBRATE LIFE AFTER A NATURAL CATASTROPHE
Eva Pagán, María Reina Academy, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
The term macro invertebrate includes all the insects along with other invertebrates and arthropods. These
insects can determine how healthy or how unhealthy the river is. This investigation took place at
Maracuto stream, a direct tributary to the Rio Grande de Loíza watershed just after Tropical Storm Irene
and heavy rains caused major flooding causing the rivers to overflow. The procedure for the experiment
was divided into two steps: field work and laboratory analysis. The fieldwork was performed in the
Maracuto River in downstream and upstream locations. Soil samples were reviewed in the laboratory in
order to create a complete record of the macro invertebrate life in specific locations. Once the data was
collected, a comparison with the macro invertebrate samples prior to the storm was performed to
determine changes in the number of macro invertebrate life in the area. The samples taken were later
reviewed in the laboratory for identification of the macro invertebrate specimens taken from the Marakuto
River stream. Samples were analyzed with the goal of identifying and recording the existence of the
different macro invertebrate specimens. A guide was used as key to determine the specimens’ family. The
following was assessed in the laboratory to determine the health of macro invertebrate communities in the
Karafuto River: Total Abundance, Species Richness, Dominance and Evenness. Drastic change in the
environment was seen to affect the population of macro invertebrates causing it to decrease, because most
of the species, due to drastic climate change caused by the storm, will not survive.
LINKAGE BETWEEN DISTRIBUTION OF CANCER PERCENTAGES AND COUNTRY
DEVELOPMENT
Wilbert Sánchez Ruiz, University Gardens School,, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Kamil Suliveres, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor Assistant: Dayanara Lebrón, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan Puerto Rico.
Cancer is the name for diseases in which the body's cells become abnormal and divide without control.
The observation that cancer is different around the world, that it changes over time contributed to an idea
that cancer is a consequence of several environmental risk factors The aim of this study was to show
cancer development in countries. Differences were divided among 1st world, 2nd world and 3rd world. The
country representing the 1st world was the United States, the 2nd world was Albania and the 3rd world was
Milawi. In the year 2002, population based registries collected data on new cases of cancer occurring in
well-defined populations or over this given period of time. With this given data, the percentage of the
infected and non infected population was taken using the R program. The different percentages of all the
countries were graphed, analyzed and compared. The results revealed that the United States had a 61.9%
of infected population, Albania had a 58.9% of infected population and Milawi had a 2.5 % of infected
population. By comparing the 1st world and the 2nd world, the 1st world had 3% more infected population
than the 2nd world. The 2nd world had 56.4% more infected population than the 3rd world. With this
information it was concluded that the countries’ development can be a cancer factor.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
RESPIRATORY ILLNESS
SOCIOECONOMIC
STATUS
AND
CHILDREN
WITH
Génesis Santiago, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Respiratory illnesses range from a common cold to bronchitis. A study of respiratory illnesses during the
first year of life of an individual was conducted. Approximately 30% of children less than 1 year of age
visit a doctor for respiratory illness and 1% are hospitalized for respiratory diseases. As part of this study,
a group of 393 children were classified according to family socioeconomic status. The objective was to
demonstrate the relationship between socioeconomic status and the increase in respiratory illnesses. Data
was analyzed by computing the probability of children suffering from persistent respiratory symptoms in
each socioeconomic group, and then calculating the odds of experiencing persistent respiratory symptoms
for both middle and low socioeconomic groups relative to the high socioeconomic group. The odds ratio
results inferred a 2.6% of a increase in the probability of a middle-low socioeconomic group to suffer
from respiratory illness.
PREVALECENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS GIVEN A CHANGING POPULATION
Clarimar Sierra Díaz, University Gardens School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by bacteria which are spread through the air and affect
the lungs, cause immense pulmonary tissue damage and ultimately lead to respiratory failure.
Streptomycin is an antibiotic used to treat TB, works by killing sensitive bacteria, stopping the production
of essential proteins needed by the bacteria to survive. Prevalecence of the disease is of 10,521 TB cases,
a rate of 3.4 cases per 100,000 individuals in the population. Analysis of data was made using 4 groups of
people with tuberculosis, some using the antibiotic streptomycin while others not. The analysis tried to
find the survival percentages when comparing treatment effects. The objective was to identify a
successful group in which probability of survival was higher when treated with the antibiotic. Preliminary
data showed that 13% of the people not taking the antibiotic died, 35% survived, while 48% of people
taking it survived and 4% who took the antibiotic died.
ABSTRACTS
THERMONEUTRINOS, HADRONS AND PHOTONS COSMIC INTERACTION PRINCIPLE
Andrea Boria Denis, José Collazo Colón High School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Katherine Calderón Mojica, University of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
To reinforce the complexion of physical sub-particles and relativity, a new idea of imagination,
knowledge and comprehension of universe that implies photons particles travelling faster than electron
neutrinos and positrons into the magnetosphere and universe is being formed. This investigation worked
with the neutrinos from cosmic rays (atmospheric neutrinos) and solar neutrinos; it implied investigating
all cosmic interactions in the universe and from the Sun to Earth. The sun has within itself some
thermonuclear reactions, where two protons collide to convert hydrogen into helium -3, before the
deuterium process; which is when the protons are ionized, the proton-proton chain emits a neutrino and a
positron by product, the emission is so powerful that both sub-particles travel at a high velocity. In the
area of cosmic rays, neutrinos are about the interaction with a cosmic nucleus generating a particle
shower. Now at this moment is where the principle is disposed, which is the following one: After the
emission of sub-particles products and the particle shower, the electron neutrino and positron travel at a
high velocity which cannot be easily developed. At the time the thermonuclear reaction converts
hydrogen into helium -3, there is a gamma ray (photon) escaping the reaction; which is light. When this
moment of conversion happens, the gamma ray is traveling along with neutrinos and positrons to reach
Earth or keep traveling in the universe; however, the positrons and neutrinos have an advantage because
they are emitted before the gamma ray. It iss essential to look for a particle, reaction, or element in the
Earth’s magnetosphere or another reaction of dense charges in the universe that may attract both subparticles to get blocked, and let the photon particles travel longer than the other sub-particles and prove
the interaction of electron neutrinos or other small particles in the universe. It is possible that a less
massive Hadron, mostly Mesons which are Bosons, composed by the two lightest quarks (u, d) will
successfully react with electron neutrinos. Neutrinos may be imagined travelling in the universe; they will
be trapped by products and other reactions faster and there would be no way that they might travel faster
than the speed of light, because neutrinos are emission products that may be dragged by stronger ones.
Using the Gauss View and Gaussian programs to calculate the potential energy of the components, seen
behaviors of the computational models of this idea will be proved and structured.
DETERMINATION OF BIO-DIESEL SAMPLE IN ALGAE
Keishaly Cabrera Cruz, Dr. Juan José Maunez High School, Naguabo, Puerto Rico.
There a many process used to obtain Biodiesel. One of them is the process of obtaining it from a type of
seaweed which is called Thalassia testudinum. Distillation of seaweeds is used to extract the oil of the
algae. The main reaction of this process is called transesterification. A comparison was made of the biodiesel that created in the laboratory and analyzing it in the Infrared Spectrum with a model of bio-diesel
molecule that constructed in the Gauss View computer program. The molecule was run in Gaussian 03 to
obtain the computer results and to see the chemical behavior of the molecule. The focus was to ascertain
whether or not biodiesel was created.
OAT AS TOOL OF PREVENTION TO THE DIABETES TYPE 2
Valeria Nicolle Caro Díaz, and Eliza Marie López Báez, José Collazo Colón High School, Juncos,
Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Laysa M. Claudio González, University of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Oatmeal is a grain belonging to the groups of grains and flours. Oatmeal cereal is richer in protein, fat,
vitamin B1 and calcium. Oats contain minerals like zinc, iron, silica and magnesium. Oats prevent
diabetes type II, and in case of suffering it, helps to reduce the glucose levels. A detailed study of the
Quaker Oatmeal Cereals Company, "Oats and its Role in Diabetes" found that the oxalic acid is harmful
to the body, since an excess of oxalic acid can remove calcium from the blood by producing calcium
oxalate. Calcium is an essential element that regulates the blood’s acidity and viscosity, two key factors in
blood coagulation and phosphates transportation throughout the body. In the present work, the quantity of
oxalic acid in oats was determined by chemistry and their potential energy surfaces were evaluated by the
programs Gauss View and Gaussian. Regular oats contain 1.080 mg of H2C2O4 while Cinnamon
Oatmeal 2.799mg of oxalic acid. These values were compared with the recommended daily nutritional
value by the FDA, which is less than 24 mg per day. For this reason, it was concluded that oatmeal
cinnamon free is healthier because it contains less amount of oxalic acid. Potential Energy Surface data
shows that insulin is stable when it is alone while it is unstable when calcium or reactive oxalic acid are
present. With more reactive oxalic acid the electronegativity increases. In future research, the effects and
the benefits of oats in diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases will be investigated.
DETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID IN COCA-COLA
Zenen T. Castillo, Colegio De Educación Avanzada Gaudí, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Phosphoric acid is a chemical compound having the chemical formula H3PO4. In the food industry is an
ingredient in soft drinks, particularly in the tail, where its main application is as acidity regulator. One of
its properties is a bitter taste that is added to drinks. Phosphoric acid contains phosphorus, which is an
essential mineral in the diet as it contributes to the growth and maintenance of bones and teeth. In general,
all phosphates have an antioxidant effect. They are generally very little toxic substances with an acute
toxicity comparable to that of table salt. Phosphoric acid's ability to form complexes with calcium and be
excreted as calcium phosphates suggests that this micronutrient in excess can lead to loss of calcium
absorption. The content of phosphoric acid in Coca-Cola may be determined by a titration curve and pH
analysis. A comparison of phosphoric acid content and the theoretical and experimental well as
phosphoric acid behavior in other carbonated beverages.
ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES IN VEGETABLES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE HUMAN
BODY
Ariadna Sophia Claudio Ortiz, Colegio de Educación Avanzada Gaudí, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
A high level of pesticides is found in vegetables. This is because they are treated with toxic chemicals.
Organochlorine pesticides were analyzed because of their environmental contaminants that are a potential
cause of breast cancer. Lettuce and potatoes were compared to determine which was highest in pesticides
and what was recommended as an alternative purchase including organic foods that could prevent disease
and contribute to good health. Using the Gaussian and GaussView program, the chemical reaction of this
behavior was determined by chemical organochlorine in the analysis of IR-spectra and energy potential
surface.
DETERMINATION OF LEAD IN A SOIL SAMPLE
Sergio A. Donato Ferrer, Perpetuo Socorro School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
For decades lead compounds added to different samples such as gasoline, piping, among others, were
used. As a result, all interactions with different processes including lead in lead, metallic lead, lead oxides
and hydroxides went to the environment and accumulated there because of low solubility. Lead has
adverse health effects, its monitors and removal are a very important task. This research used a soil
sample that may have elevated lead by its location and by its interaction with other elements such as
landfills and industries. To determine how much lead the soil sample has, the the DithiVer Metals
Reagent was used. This is a stable Reagent powder form of dithizone. Lead ions in solution reacted with
basic dithizone to form a pink to red lead-dithizonate complex, extracted with chloroform. The
interactions that took place were seen using the Gauss View program to determine the chemical reaction
occurring in the sample.
SYNTHESIS OF GOLD NANORODS AND STATISTICS ON THE STABILITY AT 50, 75 AND
100C
Christopher Goytía, St. Mary’s School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Dr. Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo. Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Gold nanoparticles in several shapes have been used as carriers to deliver genetic materials into cells and
therapeutic agents. The size of the nanoparticles will play an important role in the applications. Gold
nanorods are useful materials for sensing, photothermal therapy, and imaging. The thermal stability is
important for the above-mentioned applications. In this work, gold nanorods by seed CTAB mediated
method in water were synthesized at 27°C. The protocol started with the preparation of a seed colloidal
suspension. It consisted of adding 250 L of an aqueous 0.01 M solution of HAuCl4∙3H20 to 7.5 mL of
0.1 M CTAB solution in a 50 mL plastic centrifuge tube and were mixed gently. Then 600 L of an
aqueous 0.01 M ice-cold of NaBH4 was added. The seed was aged for three hours and the gold nanorods
were grown using more gold salt solution. 270 μL of 0.01 M AgNO3 water solution were added to a
42.75 mL CTAB solution in a 50 mL plastic centrifuge tube followed by 1800 μL of 0.01 M
HAuCl4⋅3H2O aqueous solution. They were gently mixed after addition of the silver and gold to the
CTAB solution. Then, a 0.1 M ascorbic acid aqueous solution (288 μL) was added to the above mixture
(the solution became colorless). Finally, the seed solution was added (90 μL), and the reaction tube was
maintained undisturbed for 3 hours at 27 °C. The solution at the end turned blue. The thermal stability of
the gold nanorods in an aqueous solution was investigated by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The
effect of temperature on both the longitudinal and transverse surface plasmon resonance absorption of the
gold nanorods was evaluated. In the present study it was observed that heating gold nanorods at higher
temperatures had some effects on their size. The length of the gold nanorods reduced as the temperature
increased; therefore, it made them more spherical. As stated in the hypothesis, the increase in temperature
made the rods less stable.
THE EFFICIENCY OF A CARBON FILTER WITH VARYING AMOUNTS OF CHLORINE
André Gutierrez, Southwestern Educational Society (SESO), Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Assitant Mentor: Kevin Marrero, San Benito School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Water, used regularly by all people, must be kept sanitary and consumable for good health. Carbon filters
are used worldwide to provide drinkable water without the dangers of consuming harmful contaminants
and chemicals, which can increase quality of life. Carbon is used for filters because its chemical
properties allow it to react with and absorb many different compounds and elements. An example of this
is chlorine, an element that is commonly found in bleach and is used for cleaning water but can have
numerous negative effects on the human body. The concentration of chlorine in a water sample has been
found to be inversely proportional to the efficiency of the filter. This is due to the filter’s ability to absorb
the chlorine to its maximum capacity, which then causes the filter to be inefficient against other
chemicals. The purpose of this research was to find out how the amount of chlorine in a sample of water
affects the efficiency of a carbon filter processing said water. In this project, a granulated carbon filter, a
hose, buckets, and other necessary materials were used. The carbon filter was connected to the hose
where the water with the calculated amount of chlorine ran, and then tested for chlorine, using DPD
tablets. This was repeated until the water was found to contain chlorine, meaning the filter had failed. If
it failed in less time, having less purified water, while filtering the solution with the most chlorine, the
hypothesis would have been supported. This would mean that the filter was less efficient while
processing the water with the highest amount of chlorine.
ANALYSIS OF OXALIC ACID IN SPINACH
Kelly B. Martínez Pratts, and Yarys A. Sánchez González, José Collazo Colón High School, Juncos,
Puerto Rico.
The content of oxalic acid (OA) in spinach could cause gastrointestinal disorders in the human body.
These disorders could include diseases of the biliary tract and pancreas, bowel disease with chronic
inflammation, blind knot syndrome and the syndrome of bacterial growth. The OA content in spinach was
analyzed by titration with NaOH 0.2M (sodium hydroxide). Frozen spinach contains 1,080 mg of OA,
while the canned spinach has 2.799mg. These values were compared with the recommended daily
nutritional value by the FDA, which is less than 24mg per day. For this reason, it was concluded that
frozen spinach is healthier because it contains less amount of OA which could react with other molecules
in the body. Also, in this work the Potential Energy Surface using the GaussView and Gaussian program
was calculated to know the interactions of oxalic acid with other human molecules. Future research could
analyze the benefits of spinach in heart diseases because it helps to form hemoglobin, and prevent and
treat blood diseases such as anemia.
SEMI-EMPIRICAL CALCULATIONS OF
PROPERTIES OF RECYCLABLE PLASTICS
THE
MOLECULAR
STRUCTURE
AND
Víctor A. Martínez Santiago and José E. Alvarado Fernández, Discípulos de Cristo Academy,
Research Mentor: Dr. Harry Rivera, Inter-American University, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
Plastic is one of the most used materials in today's world because it is a lightweight and durable material
that does not degrade easily. In fact, today’s landfills are filled every day with more plastic waste than
ever. Plastic recycling is one of the easiest ways to extend the lifespan of plastic. For instance, plastic is
recycled into seven categories according to the resin material it is made. The main goal of this research
was to study the molecular structure and properties of recyclable plastics. The central hypothesis of the
proposed research was that different plastics will have very different molecular structures and hence, will
have different properties. In fact, the central motivation for conducting this research was first and
foremost the desire to learn about plastic recycling and computational calculations. Therefore, molecular
models of four different types of recyclable plastics were created using the chemical computational tool
Scigress Explorer Ultra version 7.7.0.47. Geometry optimization, heat of formation, IR and UV
transitions were calculated for all these models using three different semi-empirical methods (AM1, PM3,
and PM5). In addition, a random motion of the chemical sample at 300K (80.33°F or 26.85°C) was
simulated by molecular dynamics using augmented MM3 parameters. Finally, it was found that some
models would not be restricted to just one geometric plane, but would be projected throughout three
dimensional planes.
ANALYSIS OF MEDICATIONS IN THE CONTROL OF INFECTIONS
Rachel M. Quintana Santiago, School of Advanced Education Gaudi, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Infection is an implantation and development of living things in an organism called pathogens. Infections
are caused by very high pH changes in the human body, the most common infections being of the throat,
ear and urine. To analyze the medications in the control of infections, a titration of neutralization (HCl +
NaOH) was done to determine the principal characteristic that a drug needed to have to help prevent
infections of the human body. The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed using Gaussview and the
Gaussian program, which helped to observe the reactivity such drugs have against infection. Future
research would include the investigation of the spread of germs and infections by focusing on preventing
them.
STUDY OF OMEGA 3 IN WALNUTS
Ailene Vanessa Rodríguez De Jesús, School of Advanced Education Gaudi, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Omega 3 is a fatty acid (linoleic acid) which is an f essential polyunsaturated fat for the human body.
Fatty acids are essential because humans cannot produce them, and they must therefore be obtained from
food. The omega 3 in walnuts was analyzed by the technique of titration with NaOH to obtain the
quantity of linoleic acid present in the walnut. Later, the experimental and theoretical data were
compared with the values recommended by the FDA in order to know how beneficial it is to the human
body. From this study, it could be concluded that the calculated value of omega 3 in the walnut of the
company “Diamond of California” is 22.83 mg. Tthis value was compared with that established by the
FDA which is 200 mg per day. For that reason, it could be concluded that the content of omega 3 in
walnuts is lower than the value established by the FDA, and it is recommended to combine it with other
foods like fish to obtain the necessary amount of omega 3. Also, the Potential Energy Surface of Omega 3
was determined using the Gauss View and Gaussian program. Future studies will analyze the properties
of Omega 3 as an anticancer and anti-inflammatory agent.
CHARACTERIZATION OF DIFFERENT COMPONENTS TO COMBAT THE DENGUE
DISEASE
Josie Rodríguez Sánchez, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
Liam C. Medina Casillas, Perpetuo Socorro School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
The virus ARN produces a contagious disease known as dengue. This disease is produced by the
mosquito “Aedes Aegyptis.” It attacks at the ages of 10 to 54 (average). The symptoms are: headache,
high fever, muscular pain and articular pain. To fight dengue, various insecticides are use. One of these
insecticides is Raid, which has the active ingredient Esbriotina, d-aletrina and a derivate of Toluene. To
analyze the chemical behavior of the active ingredient components found in Raid, the Gauss View
program was used to determine the chemical potential of those ingredients. For this, the compound
characterized the compound with spectroscopy techniques such as the IR-Spectrum and calculations of
the Potential Energy Surface.
GOLD NANOPARTICLE STRIPS FOR DNA DETECTION USING SERS: MODEL OF
ADSORBTION AT 785NM
Ricardo J. Rodríguez García, University High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Stephanie Chan Yau, Luterano Resurrección School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentors: Dr. Oliva M. Primera-Pedrozo, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Marcos Rodríguez, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
Gold Nanoparticles have a wide range of applications in biology, chemistry, and other related fields.
These particles can strongly absorb light and dissipate it in their surroundings, thus making them great for
manipulating heat. In addition, they are used to deliver therapeutic agents. Due to their density, they can
be utilized as probes for transmission in electron microscopy. As sensors, they are particularly useful as
substrates in the Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) to detect the energy in chemical bonds.
This technique allows for detection of specific molecules in analytes. Currently, gold nanoparticles are
utilized as substrates in sensors to detect low concentrations of hazardous materials, especially those
relating to explosives, through the use of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). This process
enhances the Raman emission through the use of metal (Gold) which will resonate with a metal tip. These
properties allowed the development of lab filter paper strip-based sensors in order to detect DNA
components in analytes. Gold nanoparticles were synthesized using 0.01M and 0.02 M hydrogen
tetrachloroaurate (III) tri hydrate solution with sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate (TSC, 1%) as both a
reducing agent and a capping agent. For this investigation, the strips were tested with the adenine DNA
component. After obtaining results from SERS, it can be concluded that the use of larger gold
nanoparticles (0.02M of gold salt) is best to accurately detect adenine. Also, the strip sensors proved to be
a fast and simple method to detect DNA components, which, if perfected, can be useful for medical
examinations and the detection of biological agents. Further work on this investigation should include
testing on other DNA components including guanine, cytosine, and thymine, as well as the RNA
component Uracil.
DETERMINATION OF FOLIC ACID IN INTEGRAL RICE
Gabriela Rosario-Román, College of Advance Education Gaudi, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Jandanell Abreu-Rivera, José Collazo Colón High School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Laysa M. Claudio-González, University of Puerto Rico, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Folic Acid (FA) is a form of the water-soluble vitamin B9, and the Food and Drug Administration, FDA,
recommends 400 mg per day. The human body does not store FA. Thus, it needs to be consumed every
day in order to insure that in the body has adequate amounts. The principal food that contains FA in a diet
is rice. In this work, the potential energy surface of FA was calculated. using the GaussView and
Gaussian programs with the most important functional groups of the molecule that interact with the
human body to control anemia, a medical condition where the number of red blood cells or concentrations
of hemoglobin are low in a person. One of the most important findings of this research was that the FA
present in the integral rice of the company “BACK TO NATURE” is 15.008 mg per day.
STUDY OF KEVLAR AND PLEXIGLAS BY COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
Christian J. Sánchez Acevedo and Jorge A. Alvarado Matos, Discípulos de Cristo Academy,
Research Mentor: Dr. Harry Rivera, Inter-American University, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
Since the past century, synthetic polymers have been used in a wide range of fields and applications. They
can be classified into four main categories: thermoplastics, thermosets, elastomers and synthetic fibers.
Two of the most known are Plexiglas® and Kevlar®. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to
simulate and optimize the molecular structure of these materials using computational chemistry. The
central hypothesis of the proposed research was that upon completion of these optimizations, it would
become possible to establish a relationship between the polymer length and the heat of formation.
Therefore, molecular models of Plexiglas® and Kevlar® with different lengths were created and
optimized using the chemical computational tool Scigress Explorer Ultra version 7.7.0.47. Heat of
formation and polymer length were calculated for all these models using three different semi-empirical
methods (PM3, AM1 and PM5). Furthermore, molecular energy maps were also calculated for Plexiglas®
and Kevlar® monomers. Results for both materials showed distorted branched structures (not flat). In
addition, both materials exhibit different ratios between the amount of monomers in the polymer and the
heat of formation.
THE STABILITY OF GOLD AND SILVER NANOPARTICLES ON BASE AND ACID
ENVIRONMENTS
Ricardo Santana, University High School, San Juan,Puerto Rico.
Jonathan Camilo, Bautista de Carolina Academy, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
Research Mentor: Dr. Oliva Primera-Pedrozo, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Ricardo Lorenzana, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto
Rico.
The nanotechnology field shows very promising results in various types of applications such as medical,
bioengineering and electrical applications. Gold nanospheres are some of the most commonly used
nanoparticles because of their stability, ability to absorb and scatter light effectively and various
biomedical and diagnostic applications. Silver nanospheres, like gold nanospheres, are used for their
optical properties and biomedical uses, but they are also good electrical conductors. However, it has been
previously reported that silver nanoparticles are not stable and cause the release of silver ions that exhibit
strong toxicity to a variety of microorganisms as they bind to DNA and disrupt cell replication. Recently,
it has been demonstrated that gold nanoparticles have a partial toxicity. The pH environment could affect
both toxicities. Triggered by pH change, the nanoparticle surfaces are engineered to have both positive
and negative charges. Electrostatic attractions between the nanoparticles can rapidly form aggregates
inside the cells, and the aggregates accumulate as the exocytosis is blocked by the increased size. The
specific aim of this research was to evaluate the influences of pH changes on the stability of
nanoparticles. The results demonstrated that gold nanoparticles are more stable than silver ones, which
promise their use for bio-applications.
STUDY OF THE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DISEASE
Giane N. Zayas O’Sullivan, Perpetuo Socorro School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation
primarily of the joints, which causes progressive destruction with varying degrees of deformity and
disability. Sometimes its behavior can affect various organ systems, such as the eyes, lungs and pleura,
heart and pericardium, skin or blood vessels. Some factors that could cause Rheumatoid Arthritis are:
genes (passed from parent to child), the environment and low amounts of hormones. The female hormone
estrogen is involved in the pathogenesis, inhibiting T cell inhibitory and stimulating helper T cells or
facilitators. This disease has several treatments with the methotrexate compound which has been used for
over 25 years in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. This research studied the behavior of estrogen and
methotrexate based on calculations with the molecular modeling program GaussView using techniques of
IR-Spectrum and potential energy surface.
ABSTRACTS
COMPUTER SCIENCES
DIVISION ALGORITHM FOR COMPLEX INTEGERS
Fadi Abumoala Amin, Luis Negrón López High School, Sabana Grande, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Dr. Álvaro Lecompte, Inter-American University, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor Assistant: Francelys Franco Bermúdez, Inter-American University, San Germán, Puerto
Rico.
In the Complex Integers, also called Gaussian Integers, the quotient and the remainder of a division
always exist, with the remainder of smaller modulus than the divisor. However, there are different
possibilities to select both of them. The algorithm is usually found in textbooks and produces a remainder
of minimum modulus. With variations of the former, adding small multiples of the divisor, other
remainders can also be calculated. A method was programmed that provides a list of possible quotients
and remainders for each dividend and divisor so that the user can select the most convenient for her
purpose. They are presented in order of growing modulus. Usually, about six possibilities for each
division are interesting. A graphical representation was also programmed using Mathematica software.
HOW TO MAKE AN HTML WEBSITE
Christian Alvarado and Priamo A. Pichardo, Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentors: Jonathan Vargas Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Hypertext markup language, known popularly as HTML, is the main language used in webpages to
display and format information. The purpose of this project was to learn how to make an HTML website
with a basic tool like Notepad. The objective was the design of a website under a specific theme. In this
case, AIDS was chosen. AIDS is a condition that affects society, but education about the topic is not
enough as people generally have misconceptions about the syndrome. Information from this website
could also be extracted to display random information and facts about AIDS to create awareness in more
developed websites. This information could be useful to any section of the public who wants to learn
about AIDS.
HAZARD WEB BROWSER
Gabriel Alvarado, Nataniel Cruz and Kevin Pabón, Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentors: Jonnathan Ortiz, Jonathan Vargas-Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto
Rico.
The purpose of this project was to create an Internet browser in which memory weight was compared
with other popular browsers such as Google Chrome and Firefox. Although there were limited resources
compared to those of other large corporations, this browser was extremely fast.
PUR SPACE ELEVATOR WEB PAGE
Rosa Andújar and Orlando Garcés; San Felipe School, Arecibo Puerto Rico.
Research Mentors: Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marín Caribbean University; Michael Lane- Liftport
Group; José G. Molina, SpacePort Consulting and Advocacy Group.
Today’s technology advancements have allowed this generation to achieve things its ancestors could not
even dream of. This project focused on the use of a digital organizational system of the PUR Space
Elevator project at the Arecibo Observatory, and explain how this webpage was created. Thanks to the
social networks, science has been more important to society now than these last thirty years, because now
the public can access science research papers at will. Moreover, the public is more educated and
appreciates technology, which is making things easier for humanity, such as communication and health
improvements. For these reasons, the team has created a website on sites.Google.com. Also, this project
has created a Facebook page for the Space Elevator. The advantage of making this page allows to tracks
information from visitors. From these data sets a multitude of information may be extrapolated to inform
civilians about how the Space Elevator can change lives and benefit humankind.
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS ON NON-TRADITIONAL TREATMENTS FOR CHILDREN WITH
AUTISM
Carolina Aponte Rodríguez, CIEM Private School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Lorna E. Salamán-Jorge, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Juan R. Rivera Jaca, Universidad Del Este, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Autism is a disorder or neural development that affects the communication and social interaction of the
person. Autism is caused by inflammation in some parts of the brain. It is a sickness that affects the child
and the people surrounding the child. There are different treatments for autism including some not
approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which are not traditionally used by doctors. The
objective of this project was to prove that non-traditional treatments for autism may not have many
adverse effects and could be used to improve the condition of children who suffer from autism. There are
other studies that state that non-approved FDA treatments sometimes have better results including the use
of drugs for other medical conditions. Through the administration of their chemical components to
patients with autism, it is probable to improve their condition by decreasing the inflammation. Because of
strict regulations for experimentation with humans, the research project emphasis was to qualitatively
analyze the treatments for autism. The methodology was in-depth interviews to parents and professionals
who daily work with children with the condition and a survey of the general population about their
general knowledge about autism. The results demonstrated that most people do not have knowledge about
what the condition is or the treatments used to treat it. Also, the parents and professionals expressed that
even though they were not opposed to non-traditional treatments, there are many factors to consider
before administering them, especially, how they can influence the child’s motor skills and academic
achievement.
MOBILE APPLICATION FOR TEACHING THE ANIMAL WELFARE AND PROTECTION
LAW
Cinkia Marí Aponte Fontán, Pablo Colón Berdecía School, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Carmen Carvajal, Inter-American University, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
Law 154 for the Welfare and Protection of Animals penalizes mistreatment of any animal. A high
percentage of people do not know about this law. The main idea of this project was to develop a mobile
application to teach people that animals should not be abused and how they should be protected. This
application includes a set of texts, photos, games and activities designed for everybody and an easy-to-use
interface. Since the Android platform is increasing its share on the market of mobile phones, it has been
selected as the platform for the development of this application. As a result of this project, people get an
easy to use mobile application to teach people what Law 154 of Puerto Rico for Animal welfare and
protection is.
2012-TEACHING MATH TO LITTLE KIDS
Vhrishnuel Aponte, Bautista de Levittown Academy, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Francisco Pérez Laras, University of Puerto Rico, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Cristina Morales, University of Puerto Rico, Bayamón, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Ángel Andino, Universidad Metropolitana, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Children by being most of the time in school get bored of the same routine every day. After school they
go home to play video games because they have fun rather than bored some at school. Smartphones are
one of the most used devices for entertainment. By working on an app on the Windows phone platform,
people may learn at the same time they are entertained. The project was to create an app based on math
concepts for kids to learn math . This app works by teaching basic math to kids like addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division. The outcome for this app is for kids to enjoy learning basic math skills and
concepts in an entertaining way.
CHEMET: TABLE OF ELEMENTS
Anthony R. Bonilla, José Gautier Benítez School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Jonathan Vargas-Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
The purpose of this project was to learn the basic way of programming a periodic table by using the
computer programming language Java and the MIT App Inventor. The app is called ‘ChemET: Table of
Elements’ and was made using a mix of the Java programming language and the MIT App Inventor.
Studying the periodic table and its elements, the app was built to give the periodic table and its elemen’s
descriptions to users in a more accessible way. The core of the project was built on the MIT App Inventor
but most of the functions and the data base were built using the Java language. The App should run on
every phone or tablet with the Android platform, making the information of the periodic table and its
elements just a touch away.
2012-NBA LIVE SCORE
BEST
POSTER
Emanuel Cabrera Jones and Christian Correa Allende, Bautista de Levittown Academy, Toa Baja,
Puerto Rico.
Since the beginning of apps, there have always been many live score applications, but they are basically
the same type of live score application as if it were a protocol. At first, if an individual did not attend a
game, he could only know the score of the game by hearing it on the radio. With the advent of television
came the live broadcast of a sports. Then came the Internet, where an individual might go to the official
website of that particular sports league to know the score of a particular game. Now, there are smart
phones where the scores of a game may be seen by just opening an application. A live score application
basically shows the live score of a sports game from anywhere. This application will be done for
Windows phone because it is better to put an application in a new market since obviously it does not have
as many applications as the old markets. This live score application would also show the player’s
information and the league table. Since creating such an app for many sports would take a long time, the
focus of this project was basketball and the league is the NBA.
PHOTO-FINDER
Frankie R. Cabrera, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Almost everyone on Earth uses the Internet to search for information about an object that is a truth that
cannot be denied. But what happens when you know how an object looks, but do not know its name?
How can that information be found? Photo-Finder was created for that purpose. It is an application for the
Windows Phone. The Windows Phone has, right now, no photo-based search apps in its marketplace.
That was another reason to develop Photo-Finder. It allows to search for information of an object by just
taking a picture of it. Photo-Finder was done in Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 for Windows Phone, and
part of the design was done in Microsoft Expression Blend 4. Basically, what it does is to take a picture to
a search server of the users’ choosing, and look for pictures similar to it. Instead of having to know basic
information, people can just upload the picture and the application will do the rest. Also, it is most
probable that the User Interface can be edited by the userwho will not have to get used to just one simple
design. This application will help all windows phone users, as many photo-based search applications are
not available to them. Hopefully in the future Photo-Finder will be available for other systems.
AUTONOMOUS SOLAR-POWERED WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM
Giovanni Carrasquillo Vargas, Fajardo Community Private School, Fajardo, Puerto Rico.
Rafael E. Rosa Díaz, Santiago Apóstol School, Fajardo, Puerto Rico.
Water is a principal natural resource used and needed by humans. Body functions, the production of food,
transportation, and many other actions require its use. Unfortunately, many water bodies all around the
world have been contaminated because of uncontrolled technological development. For example, about
70 percent of Puerto Rico’s water bodies are contaminated. Also, there is a great need to use alternate
energy sources. The costs of the traditional sources have increased enormously during recent years. If
both of these problems are combined, one has to understand that water should be decontaminated using
more efficient ways. One possibility is to perform a water filtration process using solar energy. This
project consisted of the development of a simple water filtration system powered by solar energy to be
used in small devices, for example, aquarium tanks. A small tank aquarium system was chosen to
demonstrate this proposal by taking into consideration its size, cost of parts (solar panels, inverter, power
regulator, and batteries), and possibility of completing the whole process of conversion in the scheduled
time which increases its efficiency. After finishing the development of the solar-powered filtration
system, it can be concluded that solar energy is efficient in the water filtration process and,
simultaneously, reduces energy costs.
WORD-IT: A FUN MOBILE WINDOWS-BASED APP FOR IMPROVING VOCABULARY
Sadeek Carty and Jamaal Al-Ameen, Ivanna Eudora Kean High School, U.S. Virgin Islands.
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Research Mentor: Ackeem Baker, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Vocabulary knowledge is essential to reading comprehension and student success. Word-it is a fun game
phone application designed to engage users in vocabulary learning. The game promotes users' effective
utilization of synonymous vocabulary and increase users' response skills. Word-it is a one player game
with three difficulty levels: Easy, Medium, and Hard. The game generates words randomly and the user is
requested to match it with a synonym. For each level of difficulty the time allowed to respond decreases
or increases. The higher difficulty level, the lesser amount of time will be assigned to provide the answer.
A new word is proposed after the end of the allotted or after a correct response is provided. The storing
and retrieving mechanisms are critical elements to interact in a timely manner with the user. Synonyms
are stored in flat files and are loaded on the fly using a hash table once the word is randomly generated.
The last best score is stored and retrieved to provide feedback to the users regarding his or her
performance improvement. Word-it is implemented in basic C# and developed in Microsoft Visual
studios, with a Windows 7 phone emulator and designed in Expression Blend. Word-it provides a userfriendly and attractive Graphical User in order to invite users interacting with phone and game
technologies to improve vocabulary and hopefully reading comprehension which are fundamental for
student success.
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TAKING TURTLE TELEMETRY TO THE NEXT LEVEL
Danielle Christian, America Estepan, Shideya Parrilla, Karen Dascent and Miguel Hennemann, St.
Croix Educational Complex, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Research Mentors: Rosa White, St. Croix District Science Coordinator, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Juanita Boneque, St. Croix District Mathematics Coordinator, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
David Mattera, St. Croix Chemistry Teacher, Manor School, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Kemit Lewis, Coral Conservation Manager, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
The Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata), and Green sea (Chelonia
mydas) turtles migrate from place to place in search of food, nesting and basking areas. Throughout the
years, scientists have made great improvement in studying the migratory patterns, trends and habits of
turtles. Nevertheless, a great portion of sea turtles’ juvenile years remain unknown. Only 1 in 1000 turtle
hatchling survives the young years. However, scientists have been unable to invent a device capable of
tracking hatchlings in order to find out why few survive and if they return to their birthplace. The few sea
turtle hatchlings that do survive are still threatened by trash pollution, fishing nets, boat accidents, and
diseases. Using satellite telemetry, radio transmission, and acoustic telemetry, scientists can find out why
turtles encounter these threats and how they interact with their environment. In an attempt to save
leatherback, hawksbill and green sea turtles, new uses of existing technology can be devised to track turtle
hatchlings and also to determine new factors to be observed with current sensors. In this experiment, the
objective is to find ways to help increase the population of the various sea turtles. This project proposes a
certain size satellite tag that can be placed inside a hatchling, so that the hatchling can be tracked from its
time of birth to its adult stage. New uses for current sensors are proposed to measure water turbidity,
water quality, pH levels and ammonia levels of water. By adding these new sensors, researchers can find
out in what areas of the ocean the pollution is the highest. Therefore, environmentalists can take new
measures to decrease the amount of pollution. By implementing these satellite tags and sensors, it is
expected that the turtle population will increase. Currently, turtles are tracked in five different ways,
through acoustic, radio, archival, satellite, and dual mode technology. All of these current sensors track
and determine turtles’ locations. One of the most interesting forms of telemetry used is archival telemetry.
Archival tags measure water temperature, water pressure, and light levels. These factors can be used to
work with turtle environments. This project proposes the use archival telemetry which can help
researchers predict water turbidity, water quality, pH levels and ammonia levels of water.
CLEAN ENERGY: MOST FAVORABLE PLACES TO ESTABLISH WINDMILLS IN PUERTO
RICO
Alec Cruz, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Ricardo Ríos, Isabel Flores School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Jonathan Vargas-Rodríguez, Universidad Del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Every day, large concentrations of CO2 are emitted into the atmosphere that have deteriorated the ozone
layer and created abrupt climate changes. The Barcelona research in Spain (2008) has shown in some
statistics from the International Energy Source on Emissions places the U.S. as the nation that produces
more CO2 emissions by fossil fuels, followed by China. Within these statistics, Puerto Rico is high on the
list, which is a reason to worry. Therefore, consideration was given to renewable energy sources. One
solution for Puerto Rico in the development of clean and renewable energy is to build windmills. One of
the advantages is that Puerto Rico is an island off the coast where there is a good high wind, which is
ideal to build these. To do this, research was done on the annual average wind speed potential over a
period of two years at a specific site, soil type and a site with a distance away from other structures within
a determined area. This project compared wind power from mills that are currently established with
several southern and eastern coasts where no mills have been built. A few factors considered when
planning the building of a windmill were the visual impact, the sound generated, and security of the
people near the windmill installation. The result of this research are expected to be considered by the
government or other agencies for the use and benefit of Puerto Rico.
MODULAR ARITHMETIC IN COMPLEX INTEGERS
Ángel Cruz Soto and Gerald Almodóvar Méndez, Luis Negrón López High School, Sabana Grande,
Puerto Rico.
ResearchMentor: Dr. Álvaro Lecompte, Inter-American University, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor Assistant: Francelys Franco Bermúdez Inter-American University, San Germán, Puerto
Rico.
Complex integers, also known as Gaussian integers, have almost the same algebraic properties as
integers, including modular arithmetic. However, due to the non uniqueness of the remainder, there is not
a canonical selection of a representative in each congruence class. For a given divisor z = a + b i, the basic
congruence z ≡ 0 gives a ≡ -b i , and also a² + b² ≡ 0, so there are multiple possibilities to simplify a
complex integer with congruencies Mod z. A method to produce three different selections of a
representative for each congruent class for a fixed divisor was programmed according to the following
criteria: 1) smaller norm; 2) nonnegative real part and smaller norm; and 3) non negative real and
imaginary parts and smaller norm. Once fixed a form, consistent arithmetic operations are also
programmed. Several examples are shown.
MODEL FOR ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTION USING AGENTS IN NETLOGO
Lina Daza Llanos and Rosangelie Soto Oliveras, Inter-American School, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Guillermo Mejía, Inter-American University, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
Electric conduction in solutions is carried by ions that move in the solvent. Both positive and negative
ions move toward the opposite sign electrodes, with possibly different mobility, which is proportional to
the voltage. A random impulse caused by Brownian forces was added to the movement of ions. To have a
visual model of the phenomenon, a multi agent model was created in NetLogo, where a lot of agents were
used for the ions, randomly distributed at the beginning. Ions that arrive to the electrodes are eliminated,
while any excess charge at one electrode creates a new ion of this sign. This reproduces approximately the
electrolytic conduction in a simplified, but very visual model.
WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS USING A ROBOTIC SYSTEM
José De Jesús Romero, St. Francis School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Lorna E. Salamán-Jorge,Universidad de Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, Puerto Rico.
Water contamination is a complex problem that affects humanity in multiple ways. When water bodies
are not in optimal conditions, the overall quality of life is affected. Advanced technology can be used to
deal with problems like this. In this research project a robotic system was propose to analyze water
quality. The information obtained from the tasks performed by it could be incorporated to other tools that
will help to reduce water contamination in water bodies like rivers. The system was composed of a small
motorized raft connected to a computer that had two functions: control the device and gather information
through a camera incorporated to it. The photos and videos from the camera were then used by software
to identify important parameters for the analysis of water quality. At this stage, the structure of the robot
and the preliminary design of the software were developed. The next steps include the construction of the
model and its testing, and continuing the development of the software. It was hypothesized that the
system will be an alert device for water treatment.
LINUX CLOUD SERVER FOR SMALL GROUPS
Andrea Devaris and Emanuel A. Rodríguez Rivera, Inter-Americana School, San Germán, Puerto
Rico.
Research Mentor: Guillermo Mejía, Inter-Americana School, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor Assistant: Roberto Luna Hernández, Inter-Americana School, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
Cloud computing is defined as the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered
as a service over a network. The purpose was to design a secure Linux server where a small group of
people can manage data storage, and have plenty of software resources, keeping things fast and efficient.
At the same time, people can work together saving time and money through the efficient use of the shared
resources. The research also provided the opportunity of using Ubuntu Linux, a free but really
sophisticated Operating System, which makes possible to design a cloud that can be shared by a small
group of friends, or people with common interests. More in-depth study of the actual infrastructure
options of the cloud will help many people take advantage of these developments.
“CRABBY MATES”: HERMIT CRAB MIGRATION ON THE ISLAND OF ST. JOHN, U.S.
VIRGIN ISLANDS
Sojourna Ferguson, Wayne Gonzales, Central High School, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Elangeni Yabba, Zandria Acosta, St. Croix Educational Complex, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
On the island of St. John, in the United States Virgin Islands, a mass migration of the Coenobita
clypeatus, or hermit crabs, occurred in the years 2010 and 2012. Thousands of crabs descended upon
Nanny Point cape. The cause of this migration may be due to environmental factors, to include
topography, climate conditions and sustenance. Using the GIS and GPS systems, mating areas can be
predicted and possibly controlled, marked and protected from overpopulation that has become commonly
associated with the Nanny Point cape. The geo-location technology, such as the internal elasomer tags,
can also be used to determine the whereabouts of the hermit crabs, their migration patterns, and other
habits.
FINGERPRINTS ARE SHORT TEXT MESSAGES
Jeffrey Gómez Frontera and Kervin Morales Pérez, Inter-Americana School, San Germán, Puerto
Rico.
Research Mentor: Yvonne Avilés, Inter-Americana School, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor Assistant: Irisber Arlequín, Inter-Americana School, San Germán, Puerto Rico.
In social networks, short text messages are the common way of communication. Every writer leaves some
characteristics, like small typing errors, used abbreviators and acronyms, that are like fingerprints that can
be used to trace the author. A program was devised that counts the frequency of used words in a large
number of texts by a given person and compared them with those by another one. In this way, it was
possible to create a database of text characteristics and have a method to know the author of a message
with high probability, even without a signature.
SOLID-STATE AUTOMATIC TEMPERATURE-CONTROLLED FAN
Kevin O. González, Vocacional de Cidra High School, Cidra, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Jonathan Vargas-Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
When a computer is bought, its fan and all other components work well, but, when the time passes, it
starts to overheat. To solve the problem of the overheating on the computers and other components that
may experience high temperatures, a circuit was designed where a fan changes its speed depending on the
temperature on the computer. A model design was created on the computer to show how it will work.
Voltmeters were used to measure the voltage in the circuit, and the fan was simulated as an inductor
because of the inductive behavior of the motor. The resistance of a thermal component determines how
fast the fan will rotate.
DO YOU WISH TO LEARN THE FUN WAY?
Edgardo R. Hernández Matos, CROEM School, Mayagüez Puerto Rico.
Research Assitant Mentor: Gilberto Jiménez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
This investigation was about how a simple video game can help children from the 3 rd to the 7th grade to
better understand the math given in class. This has already been done and achieved before but the
problem with most educational games is that there is no fun to them. Kids do not enjoy the games long
enough to actually learn something. Most parents try to use educational games, but the second they
mention it is educational, the kids lose interest. Sometimes the kids start the game but they find it tedious
and boring, so they stop playing it early, without the game fulfilling its purpose of teaching the kids. That
is what this investigation tried to achieve, a nice balance between fun and learning, so kids could receive
the support they need in math and have fun doing so as well. The question was: “Can a fun yet
educational game, teach kids from 3rd to 7th grade what they need to know, without them giving up on the
game or boring them?” The subject being used in the investigation was math, but the point to prove was
that it applies to all subjects. This investigation tried to investigate if an educational game can also be
made fun, and if learning can be made much easier.
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“PRETTY POISON”: HOW TO CONTROL THE LIONFISH INVASIVE SPECIES?
Bria James, Brendon James, Regine Acosta, Central High School, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Bria Wallace, St. Croix Educational Complex, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
The lionfish population has increased tremendously over the years in the United States Virgin Islands,
first appearing in the year 1985. They have now increased into the thousands. The invasion of this
species is detrimental to the coral reefs due to the fact that lionfish eat smaller fish that normally keep
coral reefs healthy. Three solutions are proposed for study to solve this problem. These solutions have
been used in the past in attempts to control invasive species with varying results. First, the introduction of
a non-native species to prey upon the lionfish, secondly paying of bounties and lastly, encouraging their
use as a food source. Bounties used as a food source are doable with likely beneficial results.
ISSUES IN MONITORING CIGUATERA FISH POISONING CASES
Carl-Michael James Jr., Khadijah O’Neill, Central High School, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands..
Chelsy Gregoire, Shantae Lewis, St. Croix Educational Complex, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Although there are no possible ways to test the presence of ciguatera in the flesh of fish, the distribution
of the disease can be prevented by charting the locations of the areas where this disease is mostly
reported. Making this information available to the public will also help to prevent the spread of the
disease in tropical/ sub-tropical areas. The government should enforce laws and fines, banning people
from fishing in certain locations that may contain fish with the ciguatera disease. Less than 2-10% of
United States citizens actually report the disease. This causes a miscalculation of the average of how
many U.S. citizens have been poisoned. False numbers lead to corrupted data, and corrupted data leads to
wrong information. To give the public community a more precise number of how many people have been
contaminated, the government could enforce that symptoms test to be done to every citizen who visited
the tropics in the past year. Thus, resulting in a more accurate or precise calculation in the number of
people that have been contaminated.
2012 – MATH 4 FUN
Ashley L. Landrau Santiago, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
In Puerto Rico, every 3 years, 63% of students drop out of school because they find traditional teachings
boring. For example, children like to play; they do not like to be stuck in a classroom where they have to
be writing and paying attention. They like to interact with things like computers and electronic devices.
It is essential for students to learn basic concepts correctly, especially in the subjects of math. Some of
these concepts they will use throughout their lives and as they progress through their academic careers.
Math 4 Fun does exactly this. Math 4 Fun helps those students at an elementary level learn in a subtle
way while having fun doing it. If we reach out to the students and ask them what they would like to learn
math with, then we’d have a clear mindset of what inspires them to learn.
2012-WINDOWS PHONE WITH READING CAPABILITIES
Ricardo Lanzó Calderón, José Aponte de la Torre School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Windows phone programming is a vast unexplored area. This is a fast growing network of phones that
demand for the constant improvement and creation of apps, that may be already available for other
systems, but not for this one. Due to some prior experience in the area, decided decision was made to
create an app for this device. In this society people who are sightless have difficulties performing tasks if
they are compared with people that do not suffer from this condition. For example, in literature, if a
document is not in braille, they would not have access to the information, unless they have someone to
read them the information, thus making them more dependent on other people. Focusing in this aspect, an
app for Windows Phone was created that will be able to read out loud a digital text and printed words.
This would work as a “blind man’s eyes.” Since the windows phone already comes with the ability to
read things that have been printed, visual impaired people would not have any difficulties reading by
themselves if they wished to do so. This technology can be taken even further, as translating capabilities
could be integrated to this software making it more versatile and making it useful for people who are not
sightless. People buying some new furniture that needs to be built with some instructions that are in a
foreign language or in an unfamiliar unfamiliar language could simply use the app to translate the
instructions and have them read the out loud. If this mobile app were to become available to the masses, it
would have a great impact on society in general.
MINDSTORM ROAD CRANE RE-DESIGN
Khalid Luyando Flusa, Conchita Cuevas High School, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Jonathan Vargas-Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
The Lego Mindstorm NXT is a popular and affordable robotic Lego equipment that consists of one
console (Mindstorm), motors and many sensors. This equipment can be scheduled and managed by voice,
sensors (ultrasonic, touch and color), USB and Bluetooth. The purpose of the project was the design of an
all-terrain mobile crane with an articulated arm. The crane would be controlled via Bluetooth. The first
model consisted of the chassis of the Color Sorter model with some modifications and the first arm
model. The second and actual model of the crane had an articulated chassis allowing it to maneuver or
turn. The second arm model also needed some modifications b the cause engine was not able to deal with
the amount of weight it had to carry. After a final redesign, the crane was completed and was named
MRC (Mindstorm Road Crane).
THE DYSLEXIC SHUFFLE TEST: DYSLEXIA THERAPY APP
Wildalis Martínez, Cohelet Christian Academy High School, Las Piedras, Puerto Rico.
Linette Martínez, Isabel Flores School, Las Piedras, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentors: Karielys Ortiz Rosario and Jonathan Vargas-Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo,
Gurabo Puerto Rico.
The developmental reading disorder (DRD), or dyslexia, occurs when there is a defect in areas of the
brain that help interpret a language. Despite the common misconception toward dyslexia, this disorder is a
“learning disability” and is not caused by vision problems. Symptoms may vary between individuals, but
usual symptoms show difficulty in learning, reading and writing, distinguishing left from right; as well as
reversing letters and exchanging words, among many other symptoms. There is no current prediction or
cure known for this disease. However, although dyslexia is a lifelong illness, people who suffer from it
can reduce their symptoms by therapy and emotional support. The principal motivation for this project
started by learning of the excessive cost of dyslexia “treatments,” the recognition of therapy efficiency
and the understanding of the difficulties that a dyslexic child, and even adults, may face while seeking to
complete the therapy. Therefore, the objective of this project was to improve dyslexia in children and
adults, in a fun and effective way. To pursue this objective, an application was created using Objective C,
where users learn to differentiate letters, words, have eye movement from right from left, among others;
lowering their dyslexics symptoms. This App takes many therapy methods and implements them into an
enjoyable and adequate game that take into account both the players’ symptoms and their self-esteem.
IMPROVING BASIC SKILLS THROUGH APPS
Oscar Marty Maceira and Fernando Méndez González, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
Today there are currently 5 smartphone operating systems in the market. With the fact that most app
developers make their apps for the two biggest smartphones OS being used (Android and iOS). With a
new market for apps (Microsoft Marketplace) being with little apps, and since many people are using it,
there is a high need for educational apps. Teachers try to teach basic skills but many times they do not
really reach children. These learning materials in a game where children would be able to unlock bonus
things and they would learn by photos and videos would be more interesting to the children and quicker..
This app would teach basic courses for elementary/high schools and would later test the knowledge. The
work is based on the idea of helping kids understand better the different courses taught in school and
explain to them in a simpler way that anyone of any age could understand it. Children and youngsters will
acquire knowledgein a simpler way, and will be able to complete a quiz section where the student’s level
of knowledge is tested. This project will help improve and test skills.
VIRTUAL CASINO
Yenaida Camila Meléndez Castillo, Génesis E. Aponte Arroyo, Isabel Flores School, Juncos, Puerto
Rico.
Joshua A. Morales, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentors: Jenipher D. González and Jonathan Vargas, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo,
Puerto Rico.
A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities. Casinos are
most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shops, cruise ships or other tourist
attractions. The term "Casino" is of Italian origin, the root word being "Casa" (house) and originally
meant a small country villa, summerhouse or pavilion. The word changed to refer to a building built for
pleasure, usually on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo. Such buildings were used to host civic
town functions – including dancing, music listening, and gambling. Games available in most casinos are
commonly called casino games. In a casino game, the players gamble casino chips on various possible
random outcomes or combinations of outcomes. Since ancient times gambling has created addictions to
people, because of the emotions that gets involved in playing games. Today, many of the gambling games
come from the evolution of ancient gambling games. Those games have generated controversy through
time. The purpose of this research was to create a virtual casino for an Android Application to make
people aware of their extreme use that can become a vice. The MIT AppInventor was to develop the
application. The Virtual Casino had three types of games: 21, Jackpot and Roulette.
2012-PROMOTING SOCIAL NETWORKING BETWEEN MUSICIANS THROUGH MUSIC
TUTORIALS ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Diva L. Mockford Polanco, Nuestra Señora del Carmen School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
BEST
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The development of social networks like Facebook, Tweeter and many others has revolutionized how
people communicate, share, and interact with each other creating a new way to communicate to every part
of the world. But no social network has been able to create the same experience for musicians. It is
difficult for musicians to find the time and place to practice or to simply find other musicians that can
help them understand what music is and develop the skills to play at a professional level. A solution to
this problem is the development of a website that will provide the tutorials; for example, tutorials by text,
videos, video chat or by forums among others. These will promote the interaction between student,
professor, and music lovers alike.
2012- GAME PROGRAMMING MADE EASY
Juan C. Morales and Kiddany Pérez, Levittown Baptist Academy, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
The main goal in this project was to make a flash game using Scratch, a program developed by MIT, and
make a website using HTML, a programming language used to make websites. The game would show
how the game was made and would also teach people to do a game of their own. The game was based on
a turn based RPG. A turn based RPG, which is short for role playing game, is a game where a character is
chosen and it battles through a series a turns where it fights with another character. Also the turn based
RPG is from other turn based RPGS. It is a player versus player turn based RPG. The website includes a
written manual, a video manual, and PDF file to download the written manual. With this project, it is
hoped to help people learn how to program with Scratch.
PERSONAL HUMANOID AS A SPEECH THERAPIST
Davette G. Nazario Febres, Apples & Stars Learning Club, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Kenneth A. Hicks Ventura, San Antonio Abad School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
A humanoid is a robot with human appearance but it has Artificial Intelligence. Nowadays, a person who
has conditions like speech problems does not obtain the best therapy. A program can be designed to
provide these people with a humanoid with an efficient and specific program that will be help them get a
better therapy. With A.I, humanoids can copy other actions performed either by humans or other
humanoids. Speech problems occur when individuals do not talk fluently or have problems with the
pronunciation of words. In many cases, a person will not receive an efficient therapy due to the many
patients the therapist needs to provide his or her services. A humanoid robotic system would be designed
to assist people with speech problems. This proposal for this robotic system was divided into three
components: humanoid hardware design, software design, and human-computer interaction. The program
will help people under therapy, with a step by step process to improve their condition and progress during
their therapies. The programing of the robot intends to improve other available systems such as the NAO
Next Gen (Aldebaran Robotics) by its specificity and adaptation to a particular need. After completing an
intensive analysis of the patients’ problem and for speech therapy to evaluate and demonstrate the
advantages of this kind of humanoid, it can be concluded that it will be very helpful in the therapy of
people with speech problems.
VI-rus: A WEB-BASED GRAPHIC ANIMATION OF THE DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION OF
THE BODY CELLS
Marcus Norkaitis, Sidharth Parwani, Myles Todman, and Yash Bajaj, All Saint Cathedral Schools,
St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Research Mentor: Chantelle Belmonte, All Saints Cathedral Schools, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.
The Dengue virus has been evolving into a more deadly virus and infects more people year after year.
Many victims are without knowledge of where the infection might have come from, or what it is. Every
individual has a very unique DNA composition and immune system that resists the Dengue virus
differently. St. Thomas and St. John in the United States Virgin Islands are known to be inhabited by a
diverse community of people composed of 73% Afro-Caribbean and 27% mixed races of Hispanics,
Latinos, Asians, and Caucasians. Through research studies, a dengue awareness webpage was designed
that caters to the public, specifically to the Virgin Islanders. Also, an animation was designed showing the
dengue virus effects on the general public and found out that different DNAs affect the spreading of the
Dengue virus. Which type of DNA is more resistant to the dengue virus if it has any relationship?
Through data collection from different references it was found that there is a connection between the
dengue virus and an individual’s DNA composition. Experts are currently conducting research to prove
that DNA composition is related to Dengue fever. With this generalization, models using Adobe
Fireworks and Adobe Dreamweaver were made, both graphic softwares, to create an animation running
on a web browser for DNA effects on Dengue viruses. It is hoped that this graphic animation will benefit
and educate the people of the Virgin Islands and the Caribbean region.
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CHANGE OF THE WORLD’S PACE WITH RUM WASTE
Shideya Parrilla, Leah Achille, Acassia Ferguson, Natasha Sinanan, St. Croix Educational Complex,
St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
Hazel Acosta, Central High School, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
David Mattera,, St. Croix Chemistry Teacher, Manor School, St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Throughout the Caribbean, there are several very famous rum industries that ship rum and spirits around
the world. St. Croix is famous in the United States for its rum industry, the Cruzan Rum. Jamaica,
Barbados, and Puerto Rico are famous for their rum, spirits, and wine. Though many enjoy these
refreshing alcoholic beverages, the question most do not ask is what do these industries do with their
waste that comes from the distillation of the rum; the dead yeast and dirty water. Do companies dump the
waste into the water? Do they dump on different terrains? Or do they have specific processes that they use
to recycle and reuse the waste in a way that would not harm the environment and be profitable. The
purpose of this research was to determine what several rum industries throughout the Caribbean are doing
with the run off that they produce and discover different ways to use distillation waste to create revenue
that is not a hazard to the environment. The different possible ways are to use it as fuel, fertilizers, and
cattle food. However, if there is a best solution it can be derived from cost benefit analysis. The research
hypothesis states that the fertilizer would be the best solution for rum industries to bring in revenue from
the waste that will not harm the environment. A model considering various parameters such as the various
amounts of fertilizers, amounts of water, and the various plants species was designed to determine the
best uses.
GAME ALERT SYSTEM
Karlos K. Paulino De Jesús, New Generation Christian Academy, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentors: Jenipher D. González Aponte, Jonathan Vargas-Rodríguez, Universidad Del Turabo,
Games are very important to people, they have revolutionized the world. A game is structured playing,
usually undertaken for enjoyment and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from
work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of
aesthetic or ideological elements. A video game is an electronic game that involves human interaction
with a user interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. The earliest example was in 1947-a
“Cathode ray tube Amusement Device.” Inspired by a radar display tech, it consisted of an analog device
that allowed a user to control a vector-drawn dot on the screen to simulate a missile being fired at targets,
which were drawings fixed to the screen. The purpose of this project was to make an application for
Android which enabled individuals to have an alert system, to make the person aware of when a game is
going for sale, the new games available in the market, and when to buy games.
2012-WAY OF MATHEMATICS FOR WINDOWS PHONE 7
Ademyr Rivera, Libre de Música School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
A high percentage of people possess smartphones and use them on a daily basis downloading apps for
different purposes including entertainment and learning. There is a percentage of people who have
difficulty in the area of mathematics and this is the scope of this research project. Some reasons why this
happens is because people either get bored learning math or there is a lack of practice. The idea of this
research project was to develop a game application in the Windows phone platform that will teach math
in a fun way and help the user practice. The game is titled Way of Mathematics and is about a character
shaped geometric figure that has to reach a goal, but in the way it will find some mathematical obstacles
that need to be overcome in order to continue. These overhead obstacles include addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and fractions with negative numbers, depending on the obstacle chosen. People
will be able to download this game for free in the Windows Marketplace for their smartphone and when
they play the game will have fun and will make their mind more agile and intelligent.
A NEW MAGNETIC CAR
Alexandra Rivera, Apples & Stars Learning Club, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
The purpose of this project was to design the prototype of a car that is moved by magnetic forces. The
justification of this effort was to transform the main method of transportation that is based on cars and
buses that run on gasoline, to eliminate the use of fuel, and finally, to use a cleaner method of
transportation that is environmentally-friendly to this planet. Being conscious of environment pollutants,
and looking at ways of eliminating them will be the key elements for the decision of implementing
magnets in the design of the car, and the future roads. Also, the engine can be used in a way to
understand the things the Hybrid car and the train have in common, so they can be used in “new magnetic
car”. The end product of this project was a model that includes the road modified and the modifications
that are required to the car to add magnets that will energize the car and will make it move. The idea of
this project came from Maglev, and the trains currently being used to transport people in Japan. Maglev is
a system of transportation that uses magnetic levitation to guide and propel vehicles from magnets. In this
system, wheels, and axel sand bearings are replaced by magnets. We used the important components of
the Japanese magnetic train and those from the hybrid car to develop the model of the new magnetic car.
GAS STATION MAPS
Alejandro Rodríguez Carrasquillo and Javier Ortiz García, CIMATEC, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor: Jonathan Vargas Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Today prices and gasoline tanks in cars are very varied. People go to find gasoline without any knowledge
of where to go or what is the price of the gasoline. The purpose of this research was to create an
application would tell users the location of the gas station they want. This application was used with:
"MIT App Inventor" and "Google Maps". During the development process, a list of major stations in
Puerto Rico was prepared. Maps, locations, and data were searched to pinpoint each gasoline station. In
this project a GPS (Global Positioning System) was made where one could find the six main stations in
Puerto Rico. The gas stations that were included were: Total, Puma, Shell, Texaco, Gulf and Toral. The
application was designed specifically for Android, although a version for IPone could be made. This
application worked perfectly if the user had GPS service and the Internet which allowed the user to enter
the application and see the location of the gas station..
EFFECTIVENESS OF A SENSOR-BASED VIDEO GAME SYSTEM IN THE THERAPY OF
STUDENTS WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Jan Rodríguez Cordero, Apples & Stars Learning Club, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Microsoft Kinect© is a new device that enables users to control a personal computer or a videogame
console without the necessity of any physical interface. This is accomplished by a sensor that records a
person's full body movements in real time and interprets those movements in commands. The sensor is
simple, user-friendly, and can be used by children, adults, and the elderly, because its adaptability to the
person’s physical activity level. In this project, a study was made on how this kind of system helps
students with special education needs in the acquisition of motor skills to determine if it could also
improve their academic achievement. It was hypothesized that the devise could provide unique
educational activities. Each participant played a series of games for a specified period of time. The
observations of the behavior of the student while playing, and a subsequent interview to the student’s
teacher were analyzed. It was concluded that the Microsoft Kinect © sensor can be a complementary tool
for teachers or physical therapists because it helps students on learning educational and social skills, and
improving their motor skills.
2012-ELEMENTS, NOW!
Jonathan M. Rodríguez Cruz, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
There are more than 100 elements registered in the Table of Elements and counting. Since it is such a vast
topic, people do not realize that elements are present everywhere and they are very important to know.
Students memorize the elements but only a few really know them. Elements, Now! is a webpage made for
students who are studying the elements of the Periodic Table and helps them with dynamic games. It has
a main page with five tabs: the first tab is labeled “Tutorial” and leads to a page that explains the games.
The first game is named “Know Your Symbols.” The user clicks start and the game begins. A picture of
an element’s symbol appears and the user needs to write the name of the element. If the user does not
know the answer, it will be revealed and later on, the picture will appear again to test the user. This
applies to all games. The second game, named “Know Your Elements’ Name” is almost the same. The
same rules apply, but the game shows the symbol of an element and the user needs to write its name. The
main page has a “References” tab with websites that also teach about the Periodic Table of Elements.
Elements, Now! was designed to help the students as well as the teachers. This dynamical website’s
purpose is to let people learn the elements seen every day as well as the ones that cannot be seen.
SOUND ENERGY CHARGER
Rey E. Roque Pérez, Joshua Meléndez Rivera and Michael Ocasio Dávila, Caguas Military Academy,
Student Research Mentors: Jonathan Vargas Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Sound is one of the most abundant sources of energy in the world. The problem is that there is not a way
to harvest it or give it any useful task. Phones are the most convenient way to communicate. But one
known fact about phones is that they lack extended battery life use. The goal of this project was to find a
way to convert the energy from sound and use it to charge a battery which would power the phone’s
battery by converting the sound energy into an AC current that could function as a new source of
renewable energy. To do this, a material with the ability to detect sound was needed, for which
piezoelectric materials were used. A piezoelectric material can generate a voltage according to the applied
force, which in this case would be the sound waves. The energy was calculated by time and frequency. A
piezoelectric film was used to detect sound waves, which generate energy via the compression of
interlaced quartz crystals into an electric charge. This was fed into a reservoir battery that in turn charged
most makes and models of mobile phones.
VDJ CONTROL PAD
Natalia Marie Rosado Díaz and Gabriel Andrés Martínez Zayas, Notre Dame School, Caguas, Puerto
Rico.
Research Mentors: Jonathan Vargas-Rodríguez, Universidad Del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistants: Karielys Ortiz, Jonnathan Ortiz and Jenipher González, Universidad
Del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Music is a type of art based on sounds and silences; many factors define how music is played out, such as
pitch, rhythm, articulation, and other playing dynamics. Many genres and subgenres exist, from which a
specific genre known as electronic music has gained popularity over the last decade. Electronic music is a
genre of music that employs electronic musical instruments and other electronic music technologies in its
production, where the sound is produced completely by electric means as opposed to electromechanical
music production. The objective of the project was to facilitate a different way that allows any person, no
matter the age, to become a DJ easily. The main purpose for the control pad was to design a hardware
device to avoid using the keyboard as the panel. Not only being a DJ is hard, but using a computer
keyboard for sound generation is also hard. The software mostly used was Virtual DJ, because it can be
used in Mac and Windows operating systems, and has a free edition excellent for testing purposes.
APPLICATION FOR SUPPORTING THE LEARNING PROCESS OF LETTERS TO KIDS
WITH AUTISM
Tatiana Marie Rosado Torres, Pablo Colón Berdecía School, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
Nowadays, autism is very common in our society. Depending on the type of autism, children have
problems learning how to read and write. However, children are avid for new experiences and challenges
involving electronic devices. The objective of this project was to encourage the teaching of the alphabet
to children with autism through a mobile application for Android phones. This application was developed
following the software development methodology based on prototypes. With the help of this application,
autistic children would learn vowels and consonants using a set of games designed for this purpose. The
main objective was that autistic children acquire the knowledge in an interactive way. Furthermore,
incorporating the alphabet in Spanish, parents can feel assured that their children will possibly acquire
valuable learning for the future.
2012- WINDOWS PHONE 7 APP TO FIND GAS STATIONS
Rolando Rosales, Puerto Rico Christian School, Toa Baja, Puerto Rico.
Nowadays the world is filled with technology, helpful apps and programs to help in everyday living. Yet
there can still be more ways to increase help. This app would help to locate the nearest gas station in case
of emergencies or just to get a quick refill. This is not a world changer, but it would be really useful and
helpful to many. Those driving in unknown areas could take out their phones, open an app and let it do
the rest..
2012 – APPLICATION DESIGNED TO IMPROVE WORKOUT EXPERIENCE
Daniel J. Santamaría Colón, María Teresa Piñeiro School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
BEST
Oral
Understanding the necessities is the first step to creating a great application. People who have interest in
physical exercise, such as athletes, struggle with organizing their workout routines, including keeping
track of what they eat. Some tools available to manage this are found in mobile applications, but these
applications have their limitations in the options they offer. Having to download many apps to organize a
routine is not helpful. Asking athletes what they would like in fitness applications, has helped construct
the concept of the right application. The application proposed in this paper will help the user in a variety
of sports and activities. Utilizing the resources available on the Windows phone platform this application
includes a specialized timer for the user’s routines and the ability to create workouts tendered to the user.
This application will contain many exercises that can be accomplished indoor and with no equipment or
costly equipment for that matter. Additional to methods of doing exercise the application provides a
control for a diet plan and aids in estimating weight loss including calculating body mass index. The app
will attract many athletes, including people that perform exercise routines that would like to have a better
structured planner.
2012– WEB GAME DESIGNED FOR IMPROVING CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES' SKILLS
Kimberly Santiago Mangual, Puertorriqueño de Niñas School, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico.
Approximately 6.5 million people in the United States have an intellectual disability. This disability is
mostly diagnosed at the age of 2, when the child has not learned to walk, or talk straight. Because some
children with disabilities between the ages of 0-18 months are incredibly smart, people have got to know
that children with disabilities can do anything a normal person can; they just need a little bit more time.
They are not very different from the rest of the population; therefore, they cannot be isolated and treated
like strangers. The purpose of this web game was to provide parents who want to improve, or prove their
children’s incredible knowledge. There are not a lot of games for children with disabilities, so this project
was designed to help them in their life, from growing up to speaking. The main purpose of this game was
to help children learn through a challenging game. Most of the game is educational, without
discrimination of any kind. It is based on levels of difficulty and on age. Children with a low level of
understanding will be playing games designed for them, and children with more advanced levels of
learning will be playing more challenging games. This game helps children to memorize, put their brains
to work, and help them improve their personal IQ. This game is for any child with the goal of improving
his or her whole life.
2012- ACQUIRING KNOWLEDGE USING THE PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS
Dianelys Segarra, Bautista de Puerto Nuevo Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The majority of teenagers and adults have gone through that time in school where they have to learn and
study chemistry because it is an essential part of life.. In reality, chemistry includes the elements, which
might be very difficult for some students to study. is the purpose of this project was to educate while at
the same time entertain people from all ages who want to learn and enrich their knowledge in chemistry
using the Periodic Table itself. The application includes taking some of the most important elements of
the Periodic Table and displaying the basic information about each element. It will also include giving
information on selected elements from the Periodic Table. The App is efficient and accessible to people
who have an interest on learning more about chemistry and at the same time want to gain more
knowledge through an App that will also educate them. It was created using Microsoft Visual Studio for
the Windows Phone.. the C# programming language was used to create the App.. The App will be
available for the Windows Phone and it will be downloaded free of charge..
MEASUREMENT OF PLASMA TEMPERATURE AND DENSITIES VARYING GASES USING
MATLAB
Deluis Serrano and Steven Albaladejo Cruz, Santa María del Camino School, Bayamón.
Research Mentor: Ramón Rivera, Polytechnic University, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Plasma is the fourth state of matter created by ionizing gas. This form of matter was first discovered by
Sir Williams Crookes and then developed by Joseph John Thompson, who discovered electrons and the
true nature of plasma and Irving Langmuir, who created the Langmuir Probes that measure the electron
temperature, the electron density and electric potential of plasma. Plasma has many forms and uses such
as in television, where it plays a vital role it is created when lightning strikes, it serves as a sterilizer, an
industry cutter or even a propulsion. The project had the objective to identify if there would be a higher
density in the inner part of the sphere. Then as a result there will be a higher temperature in the center
when using nitrogen than argon and CO2. The results of the experiment showed that argon density was
3.16E+15 and CO2 density was 2.15E+15 while nitrogen density 5.38E+15, the highest of all but in
temperature nitrogen showed the lowest temperature with only 1.44E-18 in contrast to CO2 whose
density was the lowest with 6.11E-18.
GEO-TYCOON:
A
FEASIBILITY
STUDY
ENTREPRENEURIAL RISK ASSESSMENT
WEB-BASED
APPLICATION
FOR
Jayda Swim, Scott Tomlinson and Tanner Lantz, All Saint Cathedral Schools, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin
Islands.
Research Mentor: Ackeem Baker, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.
When building a successful enterprise, respected entrepreneurs have always stressed the timeless cliché
“Location, location, location!” To determine where the best final “location” will be and lower the
entrepreneurial risk, the entrepreneurs must determine whether the enterprise will succeed in the long-run
within a specified region. This is not a new idea and in fact many aspiring entrepreneurs hire
professionals to conduct costly (between $15,000 and $50,000) and lengthy (as long as 6 months) studies
to find the perfect neighborhood. In addition, this study is also often conducted to determine whether or
not the enterprise is likely to fail or succeed based on the specific factors related the location and the
business type. To counter these expenses, this project designed and implemented Geo-Tycoon, a webbased application that utilized expert knowledge and facts inputted from the user in order to determine the
likelihood success and risk level associated with the future enterprise location. Geo- Tycoon interacts
with the user by asking simple questions and determines whether a business will be successful or not
based on a variety of output variables and a risk scale from –6 to +6. The value –6 represents high risk
and +6 suggests low risk for the entrepreneur. The variables derived from the inputs are divided into three
classes: Market Factors, Location Factors, and Cost Factors. Each affects the risk scale equally. The
current knowledge model is implemented in JavaScript on the client side and it is currently limited to one
enterprise type: the restaurant industry. This prototype will be extended to more industries by taking into
account additional domain knowledge.
CONVERTING ANALOG MUSICAL INSTRUMENT SOUNDS TO DIGITAL MUSIC
NOTATION USING JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
Ricardo Tardí Hernández, Hogar Jesús Maestro School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Alejandro Aponte Lugo, Home School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Alberto Mulero Fernández, Notre Dame School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
Student Research Mentor: Jonathan Vargas Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Karielys Ortiz Rosario, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto
Rico.
Musicians are generating new compositions every second. One of the main and most important methods
for musicians to record their ideas is to write them in the form of musical notation. This process is slow,
tedious and sometimes induces the loss of inspiration. The main objective of this project was to create a
software that could permit musicians to use their analog instrument to record their ideas and pass them
into music notation. This software could not only help users save time, but eventually would help them
develop more ideas and share them with a more expanded musical audience. Previous research confirmed
that music and math are strongly related. Therefore, this project used this relationship to detect and
calculate musical notes using sound frequencies. To achieve this goal, a modified mathematical formula
that establishes a pattern between a complete musical scale and sound frequency was implemented. It was
implemented in Java, creating an accurate procedure that established the frequencies of an analog
instrument’s played notes.
MEDIKAL: AN APPLICATION TO DIAGNOSE COMMON DISEASES
Luis E. Torres Rodríguez and Ykailah P. Núñez Núñez, Notre Dame School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentors: Jenipher González, Anthony R. Bonilla Santiago and Jonathan Vargas Rodríguez,
Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Medikal is all about a way to communicate and educate people about some common diseases and what to
do in case of emergency. The application is a continuation of a research done in the summer. The idea of
the application was to make people aware of diseases and give basic information on them. The application
was completely rebuilt from scratch, changing the programming for the MIT App Inventor, straight into
Java and XML programming. The App contains three places one can go from the main screen, one of
them being terms and conditions, the other one being the quiz from the original application and the third
one was an extension from the original application, information on the most common diseases. The
extension was made to provide clients in-depth information on diseases. As part of the original design, a
decision tree was created and the program was based on binary decisions to create a quiz. The quiz uses
yes or no questions, and it approximately determines what condition the user has and what to do in that
case. The goals for the modification were met and were exceeded.
A ROBOTIC SYSTEM FOR ELBOW’S JOINT PHYSICAL THERAPY
Nalysha Torres Mangual, Carvin School, Carolina, Puerto Rico.
Many people do not have the economic resources to afford good quality of physical therapy services.
Also, physical therapists confront difficulties to individualize and efficiently supervise therapies when
there is a high volume of patients. A robot to assist patients and therapists, to help during the treatment,
will be useful and effective. At this stage of the research project, the focus was on a robot to treat traumas
of the arm, specifically the elbow. Traumas are caused by car accidents, when playing sports, while
performing household chores, among other situations. The robot was designed to help people who need to
receive therapy on the elbow joint. This particular joint was chosen because of the simplicity of the
movement so it could be replicated adequately using a robotic system. The robot’s structural design was
esthetically attractive, small, portable, and used an air pressure mechanism adaptable to children, adults,
and senior citizens. Taking into consideration mobility limitations of some users, the system had an
ergonomic base where the person could rest the arm. Tests with children, adults, and senior citizens were
performed to evaluate the structural design of the robotic system. The evaluation included the observation
of the model and preliminary fittings of the device. The evaluation by this population was satisfactory,
especially their perception that the robot should be helpful during treatment. For the next stage of the
research project, work will be conducted on the robot’s microcontroller and a simulation of what the
software should be that will interact with the users.
CRYPTO-LANGUAGE
Nelson Vélez Espinet, University Gardens High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Nowadays, information needs to be secure in order to prevent access from unwanted or unauthorized
people. One method used for data security is cryptography, which has two fundamental types (based on a
parameter known as keys): symmetric key and public key. The objective of this research project was to
create a cryptography algorithm using trigonometric principles that will result in letters. When those
letters are combined, the end product is a group of words based on the array of letters produced by the
algorithm. The algorithm uses a non-intuitive set of computations making it difficult to decipher which is
the main purpose of any algorithm applying cryptography. To exemplify the cryptographic algorithm
Microsoft Visual Basic programming language was used. The program was structured using functions
which fulfilled the objective proposed for the project. After a series of tests, it was demonstrated that the
cryptographic algorithm worked effectively producing results undecipherable to the intermediate user. At
the same time, the end user received the message intended by the message originator. For the next stage
of the project, a mobile application is planned to develop it as a game and upload it to the different
available stores such as the Apple Store and Google Play. This will demonstrate that cryptography has
applications beyond typical security systems.
ABSTRACTS
APPLIED MATHEMATICS
TRINOMIAL POWERS AND THE NUMBER OF THEIR TERMS
BEST
POSTER
José Rodríguez Lozano, CROEM High School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Advisor: Ms. Elba Sepúlveda, CROEM High School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor Assistant: Gilberto Jimenez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
This research suggests a permanent arrangement for the expanded trinomials elevated to the n power. The
trinomial powers’ terms are organized in a logical order based on the binomial power’s variable order by
multiplying trinomial by trinomial. An easier method with the same order is treating the trinomial
(a+b+c)n as a binomial (a+(b+c))n. The project also presents a coefficient pattern that shows the
coefficients of expanded trinomials in agreement with the trinomial expansion order. This trinomial
coefficient pattern is based on Pascal’s Triangle. A method is presented to find the number of terms of an
expanded trinomial elevated to the n power. This method is composed of three steps. It will be easier to
find the desired term without multiplying many trinomials term by term of. The coefficient will be
known and the variables of any term. But first it is important to know the number of terms that the
trinomial expansion has in order to decide which term is wanted. To know the expanded terms of
(a+b+c)n, the following formula was used:
((n+1)(n+2))/2
By using this method, another process can be applied to find which one is the expanded term. This is
possible by just knowing the original trinomial and the expanded term. It is not necessary to know the
trinomial power; just the three terms. By knowing these four terms, the number of the expanded term will
be known according to the correct order of the trinomial expansion.
ABSTRACTS
ENGINEERING
3D COMPUTER MODELING TO DESIGN STRUCTURES
Bryan Acevedo Marrero, Pedro Perea Fajardo Vocational School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Prof. Van der Meer, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentor Assistant: Kevin J. Marrero, San Benito School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
The architecture of Puerto Rico has been progressing slowly. But many of the buildings made in Puerto
Rico have not been so successful. This is due to the limited research on the physical properties of soils
that exists in our country. The architectural drawings related to this research are representations of the
designs of a residential building. The fundamental problem of this research was that if one can identify
the physical properties of the land, one can use the computer to design a residential building. The
objective of this research was to enable people with computer knowledge to find the physical properties
of the land in PR. The hypothesis of this research was that computer modeling is a tool to help determine
the physical properties for the design of a small commercial building in Mayagüez. The results of this
research were positive since the website is USDA.com that can identify the physical properties of the land
chosen for the research. The methods used in this research were to select a field to investigate and to
determine if one could build a residential building there. The software and materials used in this research
were SketchUp8 Google, Google Earth, the NRCS.gov USDA web soil survey.gov, USAD.com. The
final objective was to search for other methods or sources to identify the physical properties of the land in
Puerto Rico and design the buildings accordingly based on those findings.
WHAT DIMENSION OF SPHERE PRODUCES THE MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE AND
DENSITY WITH THE USE OF MATLAB?
Jonathan Albaladejo Cruz, Santa María del Camino School, Trujillo Alto, Puerto Rico.
Alejandro E. Herrero Umpierre, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The universe is mostly composed of plasma. Plasma makes up 99% of the whole universe. Plasma is the
fourth state of matter and is considered a fluid like gas. It is possible to create plasma, and to contain it.
Matter is seen in the stars, like for example, the sun.. With the help of a Single Langmuir Probe
calculations of the current vs. voltage sweep were performed. After that data was compiled in Excel,
Matlab was used to take that data and compile it in Mat lab language and obtain the results of
Temperature and Density with the Mat lab Program. The main purpose of the experiment was to obtain
the temperature and density varying the dimensions of the sphere. The result of the dimensions of spheres
is that they do not have much difference in the density because = the same pressure is kept, and the
temperature is almost the same, but there was a difference because of the diameter of the sphere. The
small sphere had a temperature of 78.80043 and a density is 3.458. The large sphere had a temperature of
71.17998 and density of 3.48865.
WHICH VOLTAGE IN THE ARGON IEC PLASMA WILL INCUR IN THE HIGHEST
PLASMA TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY USING MATLAB?
Ana Bourasseau and Natalié Pacheco, Bonneville School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Ramón Rivera, Polytechnic University of Puerto Rico.
If the voltage is at its highest in the argon IEC plasma, then the density and temperature will be at its
highest. Plasma is ionized gas; it is considered to be the fourth state of matter and does not have a definite
volume, but it is also reactive towards magnetic fields, and may form a number of beams and layers.
Inertial electrostatic confinement creates a thermonuclear reaction and allows ionized gas temperature to
rise at an extreme level. This method inserts high temperature ions reducing the complexity of other
forms of confinement that slowly heat plasma. The hypothesis was tested in a Farnsworth-Hirsch model,
whereas voltages of -400, -450, -500, -550, and -600 were used to check if the temperature and density
would be at their highest depending on the voltage. The measurements taken were later imported to
Labview, a program that defines plasma graphs and tendencies. MATLAB was used to calculate the
temperature and density, so as the plasma potential and floating plasma potential. When -400 V
temperature of 13eV, was measured, the density with the same voltage was 2.48 x 10 15 particles/cm3.
When -500V temperature of 17eV was measured, the density of the same voltage was 0.428x10 15
particles/cm3. When -600V temperature of 4eV was measured, the density of the same voltage was 1.1901
x 1015 particles/cm3. The plasma with the highest voltage actually had the lowest temperature, but not the
density. This means that the lower the density, the higher the temperature.
VIABILITY OF A FUEL CELL RESPIRATOR
Lisdelian Bruno Cintrón, Ramón Quiñones Medina School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Loren Nazario Rodríguez, Manuel Mediavilla Negrón School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Schatzi Miranda, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
In order to create a device that is capable of supplying safe, breathing oxygen to a user, an experiment
was designed to test the viability of using the process of hydrolysis to extract oxygen from water. The
oxygen from this process is collected to provide breathing air to the user. The process is similar to a
reverse fuel cell in which electricity is applied to the electrodes in water to separate elements. A respirator
only makes use of the oxygen collected while the hydrogen is wasted. The ratio of current to oxygen
created is measured as well as the ratio of volume to time to graph the change during the process.
Calculations show that it is beneficial to use water hydrolysis for a respirator rather than carrying the gas
on a tank because of the amount that can be extracted from a small volume with less weight of water.
With this information, a model was developed that represents the available oxygen for a respirator.
Another consideration examined is the purity of said oxygen and its viability to be inhaled without
hazard. In the future, air will be tested for composition using a portable oxygen analyzer in order to
conclude the viability of this device.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FIRST MOBILE EMERGENCY CARDIOVASCULAR
ELECTRONIC DIAGNOSIS (MEC-ED)
Jadzia M. Cabrera Arroyo, San Rafael School, Quebradillas, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor Assistant: Gilberto Jiménez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
The Mobile Emergency Cardiovascular Electronic Diagnosis (MEC-ED) is currently in the design and
development phase as a preliminary prototype device in the area of Biotechnology. This new system is
basically designed, mainly, for military use and emergencies focused on the cardiovascular area. This
machine includes an echocardiogram, an electrocardiogram and a defibrillator. The MEC-ED is mainly
used for military purposes; it will be using Windows 8, for ease of programming and comparability with
other systems. The hardware will have a custom mother board with Intel processing and 8G of RAM and
128G on a solid state drive. The unit will be solid state, fiber optic with integrated circuits. All parts will
be form fitted into the case to reduce size and weight. The machine itself will have integrated Wi-Fi and
Ethernet port. The MEC-ED will have the echocardiogram software, the electrocardiogram software and
corresponding interfaces with Bluetooth interface. The screen will be a polymer high resolution HD
touchscreen, impact and scratch resistant. The whole unit will be water proof and the body would be
made out of ballistic polymer. The transducer will be based on a wireless protocol, and the handle will be
ergonomic with slip resistant surface and interchangeable transducer transceivers. The MEC-ED will
include a defibrillator as an accessory. A finalized version of the prototype is expected to be available
next semester in the spring of 2013.
DENSITY AND THE HIGHEST TEMPERATURE, IN THE CENTER OR IN THE OUTSIDE?
Danny D. Calcaño and Ricardo A. Hernández Díaz, Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe School, San Juan,
Puerto Rico.
The universe is mostly composed of plasma. It can be found almost everywhere, even in a light bulb. If,
one wishes to make the same light, or even brighter, than a light bulb does, it can be done with Inertial
Electrostatic Confinement. This method confines plasma energy in a controlled environment. This energy
reacts to any changes in its environment: gases, voltage, position, etc… Some questions about this energy
are: Is it hot? Does it have a shape? Of these questions, the most asked are: Where is it the hottest? Where
is the highest density? To do this, a Single Langmuir Probe that can measure these things is needed. If
the highest temperature will be in the center, then the highest density will be in the outer part, then the
plasma cloud will be outside the sphere. An experiment was made on the basis of these two questions and
the hypothesis. It consisted of having a vacuum chamber, a sphere or cathode, and a particular gas, in this
case helium, and measuring both the density and temperature in different positions. In this experiment the
positions that were measured started from 5 cm to 0, 5 being the outer part of the sphere and 0 the center.
As a result, the ions accelerated towards the cathode (at the borderline of the cathode and the outer parts)
but as they got closer they were attracted by a negative force, thus having a decrease in density and
temperature occurring. Nevertheless, once inside the cathode, they re-accelerated and increased the
temperature and density. The outer region, point 5cm, had an average temperature of 1.5 and an average
density of 1.5925; the border between the outside and the core, point 1.5cm, had an average density of
7.6425 and an average temperature of 9.7525; the core of the plasma cloud, point 0 cm, had an average
temperature of 9.8825 and an average density of 6.5675. These measures corresponded to the three main
points of the experiment: outer, border and core. This revealed that the core has the highest temperature
and the concentration of plasma density is greater in the core also. The hypothesis that the highest
temperature was going to be in the core and the highest density on the outside was proven wrong with the
help of the data gathered from the experiment and Matlab, which processed this same data to help in
obtaining the right results.
USING TWO DIMENSIONAL VISUAL FIDUCIAL MARKERS FOR EFFICIENT SOUND
FILES REPRODUCTION
Chairo Calderón Otero, Trina Padilla de Sanz School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Alejandro Suárez, Eugenio María de Hostos High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Joaquín A. Pockels, Polytechnic University, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
In computer vision, having fast and effective image recognition is of utmost importance. To test the image
recognition effectiveness of such system, a sound-based feedback can be used. In this project, the robust
visual fiducial markers system known as AprilTags found in the robotics framework named Tekkotsu was
used to test recognition effectiveness. By using the framework’s high level application programming, a
sound file (from high notes to low notes) was assigned to each fiducial marker. Each sound was then
reproduced at marker (tag) recognition. Time was taken after each tag was presented followed by an
averaging obtained results. It is expected that the sound reproduction efficiency will give some
perspective of Tekkotsu’s AprilTag recognition effectiveness.
FUEL CELL RESPIRATOR
Jordán A. Caraballo Vega, Petra Mercado Bougart School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
How can the necessary oxygen be preserved in order to breathe underwater without having to work with a
heavy equipment breathing apparatus and to modulate its use? This project presents a smaller lighter
device that provides safe, clean oxygen not at the expense of back pains. The device proposed can
separate oxygen (O2) and the hydrogen (H2) from the water using the fuel cell system. The system works
through the hydrolysis process that, from water from a tank, separates the oxygen and hydrogen; the
individual can then use the oxygen to breathe and modulate it to attain the necessary quantity for
comfortable breathing. This system resembles the fuel cell in a reverse cycle. A fuel cell creates
electricity using hydrogen and oxygen whereas fuel cells will be used in reverse to obtain hydrogen and
oxygen; and eliminate the hydrogen. The oxygen extracted in the research was tested with specialized
instruments to prove its viability.
SOUND DETECTOR APPLICATION
Clarisse M. Carrasquillo, Juan José Maunez School, Naguabo, Puerto Rico.
Humans have a tendency to think of contamination as an environmental aspect, yet there is a variety of
contamination types. This study was based on sound contamination. The motivation of this project was to
answer the following question: why must some noises cause uncomfortable feelings and/or earaches?
Previous work shows that when humans are exposed for a long period of time to loud noises they may
have permanent hearing damage, having under consideration the fact that today’s society does not have
the resources to keep track of this predicament. Knowing this, the previous question was addressed by
developing an application using Objective C that can detect sound contamination and warn the user about
the maximum time exposure to measure sound before it can cause any type of damage. The major concern
about this project was to help society prevent hearing damage and create awareness about the harms of
being exposed for a high amount of time to large sound frequencies and the impact this may have during
their lives. The effects of sound are powerful and individuals need to be careful with what they hear.
PROGRAMMING “LEGO-MINDSTORMS” ROBOTS TO CONTRIBUTE TO ATHLETES’
HEALTH
Arlene Colorado Alvarado, CROEM High School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Gilberto Jiménez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Many athletes must receive medical services for sports-related injuries, injuries that have been registered
just by consecutive body movements that eventually cause severe damages and pain to the area. Studies
say that tennis athletes harm themselves with these movements, not only with the movement of the swing
of their arm to hit the ball, but also from the sharp and consecutive movements to pick up the ball. These
movements are made because the athlete wants to hurry up to get back to practicing the sport. For
example, this happens when the athlete is practicing the sport of table tennis and loses or drops the ball
and must go down consecutive times to the floor or bend his back with a very abrupt movement to catch
the ball. However, there are ways to prevent these athletes from hurting their backs while looking for the
ball, carrying many balls to keep the practice going uninterrupted, or having a staff to look for the ball,
which is not safe either, because they also get hurt. The purpose of this research was to find a new way to
avoid these types of injuries. It was found that with the “Lego-Mindstorm Robot” can be programmed to
look for the balls and get them to an exact point, using a color sensor to detect them. The robot may be
programmed to pick the balls and eventually move them to another point or to a point where they can be
collected.
ONLINE EDUCATIONAL GAME USING HTML5 AND JAVASCRIPT
Roberto Cruz Alejandro and Joshua Medina Santana, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto
Rico.
As more children get access to technology early on in life, more and more companies are emerging that
see this opportunity as one to introduce early development educational games accessible via their
products. This project proposes the development of a game set up on a website where it can be accessed
easily by any web enabling device. This game was designed to be used by very young children. Children
will learn through matching and circling the right choice games including the foundations of shapes,
colors, numbers, etc. The game was developed using HTML5 canvas, CSS and JavaScript. This game
represents an alternative to traditional education using books. In the future, this study will present the user
with shapes or colors as well as random math games using visual clues as well as numbers. The game will
keep track of scores and let the user know when he/she has selected the wrong answer.
TARGET EXTRACTION
ENVIRONMENT
AND
NAVIGATION
EFFICIENCY
IN
A
MAZE-LIKE
Rose Cruz Maboy, Lourdes School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Mario Ochoa Astor, San Ignacio de Loyola School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Navigation and target extraction are crucial tasks solved by intelligent robots. Introducing localization to
solve these tasks will considerably improve the effectiveness. The task presented used the localization
system of Tekkotsu, a robotics framework designed for high level robotics application programming, to
extract an object found in a maze. The maze was created in a 3D simulation tool called Mirage which
communicates with Tekkotsu. The vision system was based on a robust computer vision and two
dimensional visual fiducial markers named April Tags. The later markers or tags were set through the
maze for the localization step in which the robot compared its provided map with what it currently saw.
The robot used path planning to get to the target and get out of the maze. With the introduction of the
localization, the robot was expected to complete the task joaquin.
HOW MULTIPLE CELL PHONES CAN LOCATE
TECHNOLOGICAL EDGE IN THE BATTLEFIELD
THE ENEMY
AND
GAIN
A
Arnaldo Figueroa Immaculate Conception Academy, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Gabriel Román, La Milagrosa School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Gun finder sonars are currently used all over the world for both police and military uses; currently they
are deployed as large trident-like towers which work in groups of three to triangulate GPS coordinates.
The problem with this set up is the sheer size and lack of mobility available for these antennas to operate
within an acceptable margin of error. The technology will be based on three mobile devices that will
detect the gunfire as a disturbance in the ambient sounds and normal frequencies. This on itself is nothing
revolutionary for the phone because it can already produce inaudible and hear frequencies. The purpose of
this study was to reverse the process and allow the device to detect the frequency and alert the user of the
direction of the disturbance. This device works in conjunction with three or more other devices so that
they can, with the help of a central computer, triangulate and later identify the trajectory the bullet took.
This process is relatively simple since a bullet travels in a straight trajectory. The only mathematical
process the central computer needs to do is the triangulation of the position where the bullet passed
through in relation to the different devices. After this process is done, the information is sent to the
devices so that the soldiers can know where the shooter is and know what course of action to take. This
will help save lives because it will decrease the reaction time of the soldiers, giving them a technological
edge in battle.
BANA SPACE SETTLEMENT: ENGINEERING
Paola Victoria Figueroa Delgado, La Milagrosa School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marín Caribbean University.
Since 1977, NASA specialists developed a design study of a Space Settlements, which by its name, is the
settlement (living a long period of time) in space. The researchers of the Arecibo Observatory, during the
past months, have developed an innovative settlement named the BANA Space Settlement, considered the
ideal Utopia. Their purpose is to design an attractive, modern and comfortable living space for a colony of
great density. Engineering plays an important role of the creation of BANA S.S.; it has to carry on and
complete the architectural structures-internal and external, develop transportation (in and out), ambiance
gravity, shielding, water and waste management, etc. Also, the engineering team has to establish the
limits, dimensions and collaborate with other departments, such as: life support, communication and
navigation systems, to “bring afloat” what they consider the best place in the Universe to live in.
ROTATING STRUCTURES
Steven Jensenn, Caribbean School, Ponce, Puerto Rico.
Gurabo Puerto Rico.
A revolving building is a structure that rotates around a central axis. The purpose of these buildings is to
have a 360-degree view around the structure, as the room rotates. There are very few rotating buildings in
the world, and little is known about their history or about who came up with the idea of a rotating house.
The first known rotating house to be built was built in 1958 by Francois Massau, and it still stands in
Wavre, Belgium. The common purpose of rotating houses, however, has to do not only with good views,
but also with the position of the sun in the sky. The house can be rotated so that a certain room can be
pointed away from the sun, in order to lower cooling costs. In this project a particular and innovating
rotating house design was developed using Google SketchUp. The main purpose of this design was to
create a somewhat unique self-sustaining house that rotates on a central axis so certain rooms can be
pointed away from the sun.
ANALYZING MULTIPLE ROBOTS NAVIGATION FOR OPTIMAL PERFORMANCE
DESIGNING
Ángel Pérez and Frances Pérez, San Jorge Academy, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
In robotics, efficiency is considered when solving a task such as path planning. In this project, varieties of
robots were used to complete a maze to prove which robot’s efficiency was better, and which robot was
faster and completed the maze first. This was done by using a robotics framework called Tekkotsu, which
provides the necessary tools to solve the whole task. A virtual maze was built using the robotic simulation
tool Mirage. The robot behavior and path planning was developed inside Tekkotsu’s programming. The
framework also provided native robots which could be simulated using Mirage. The most efficient robot
was the CREATE robot with an average time of 5 minutes 16 seconds. The CALLIOPE5KP followed
with an average of 5 minutes 27 seconds and finally the CALLIOPE2SP with an average of 5 minutes 30
seconds.
USING TWO DIMENSIONAL VISUAL FIDUCIAL MARKERS FOR TRAFFIC SIGN
NAVIGATION
Maitetxu Pettersen, St. Marys School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Caleb Rodríguez, University High School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Computer vision is an essential component in common robotic navigation systems. This investigation
involved discovering how efficient 2D visual markers known as AprilTag operate as traffic signs.
AprilTag is a robust and flexible visual fiducial system which improves on detection, occlusion, warping
and distortion of other 2D marks. In this project, Tekkotsu, a robotic framewok for high level robot
application research, was used. Tekkotsu includes a robot simulation tool called Mirage in which a virtual
world, simulating the streets of a city, was constructed. To confirm the efficiency, a task was developed in
which the robot must navigate through the streets following the instructions given by the AprilTags
markers set throughout the virtual world at various distances. The task was successful in every run and no
bad detection was found which confirms the efficiency.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PRELIMINARY WEBSITE FOR A MOBILE APPLICATION TO
COMPLETE STATISTICAL CALCULATIONS
Paola Rosa and Ginelle González, CROEM High School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
As technology steadily grows in complexity and in effectiveness, most people find themselves almost
dependent or relying on it. Some specific technologies, such as smartphones, have become commonplace
in today’s society. There seems to be a mobile application for every conceivable use. The basis of this
research is to find a way to improve the efficiency of the use of statistical equations through the creation
of a mobile application. By using programming languages such as HTML5 and Java Script to create a
website, it can be proved that the efficiency of the use of statistical equations improves. Programing
languages such as HTML5 and Java Script, and the Wix website builder were used to build a preliminary
website version of the application. This website presents different statistical equations and calculations,
such as mode, medium, mean standard deviation and variance of a probability distribution and the
percentile and quartile positions of a group of numbers. Through this website, the successful completion
of statistical calculations of a specific group of numbers is more efficient when compared to the
completion of these calculations when done by hand.
IS “DYNAMICS BIGDOG” THE SOLDIER’S BEST ROBOTIC FRIEND?
Génesis Rosado Martínez, San Rafael School, Quebradillas, Puerto Rico.
This research focused on possible improvements that can be made to the Boston Dynamics BigDog.
BigDog was created to support a heavy load and move on different types of terrain. The objective was to
obtain and seek possible alternatives so that the robot has flowing movements, is more stable, has a better
system of identifying with its leader, is less noisy and can support more weight. It is more effective since
there will only be a few changes to various parts of the system so that it can be of better use. It is expected
that after modifications, the robot can be fully synchronized without problems of disorientation, may have
a larger memory, and have a more steady and efficient speed. These modifications are based on the
anatomy of the “dog” for its stability on different surfaces and in turn can support more weight due to
firmness. The changes related to the sound are based on various types of engine mufflers. They can be
that the robot can overcome the current weight of loading with the settings. This robot will have a benefit
for people who use it, will be satisfied because it can go at the user’s pace without any possibilities of the
robot to be distracted. It is a very necessary device for the armed forces. All modifications were created
with a practical purpose to obtain a safe device with optimal performance.
PUR SPACE ELEVATOR
Ana Ruíz, Orlando Garcés and Rosa Andújar, San Felipe School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Migsaul Romero, Antonio Luchetti Vocational School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Carlos Declet, Luis Felipe Crespo School, Camuy, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentors: Luisa Fernanda Zambrano-Marín, Caribbean University; Michael Laine- Liftport
Group; José G. Molina, SpacePort Consulting and Advocacy Group.
The main objective of the Space Elevator (SE) is to be a transportation system for space. It will permit
direct transportation of payloads to and among orbits, a technology that may change mankind's future
forever. The purpose of the project was to see how the SE concepts works, what materials were needed
and how much would it cost to build and maintain this system. A question asked was: “Why is it so
important to build an SE, when other useful things can be made with that investment?” Furthermore, it is
of interest to understand the benefits and consequences of building the SE. This system has been the cause
of several controversies in the science world. Some worries are the cost of the SE and if it would be stable
enough to carry all of the weight needed to transport the payloads with current technology. Research is
being conducted to find new innovative ways to transport things into space and to build an SE, made of
highly complex systems where most of the materials needed will be developed in the next few years. The
first part of the research tried to understand the lift requirements using tethered high altitude balloons, and
attaching a payload to it. The needs of ribbons, climbers, a power beaming facility, an anchor platform
and a tracking facility, among others, will be studied in a continuation next semester.
THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE INTERNET AS A VIABLE MEANS OF COMMERCE FOR THE
METALS INDUSTRY
Guillermo Sánchez, Pedro Perea Fajardo Vocational School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Kevin Marrero, San Benito School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
This research gathered information on the material m2 and how it is distributed using the Internet. The
M2 is used for construction of houses or buildings from the simplest to the most complicated, it is flexible
and versatile and is used to build buildings or homes with the advantage that it could be earthquake
resistant up to 20 stories high. The M2 material is based on a series of modular panels that meet flanged
structural features for other materials. It is an easy material to work, its light weight allows to work with it
in any conditions. In economic terms, the M2 material is less expensive than other materials with thermal
and acoustic disadvantages. Its versatility is great as it can be used to supplement or make walls,
staircases, roofs etc. It has a high capacity to withstand fire, cyclones, hurricanes and earthquakes, making
it an excellent material for the area immediately surrounding Puerto Rico. The houses built in M2 have an
excellent energy saving range because they do not need to have devices operating for long periods of time
to relieve the heat in the house since the M2 has good heat resistance. This material offers a high quality
sound insulation making it excellent not only for homes but also in places such as restaurants, cinemas,
theaters, offices or public buildings. The basic idea is to combine this material with many advantages and
structural requirements of thermal and acoustic insulation at a lower price with other materials such as
cement, wood, bricks etc.The company’s website offers metal suppliers exposure to a far broader range of
business opportunities than currently available through conventional marketing techniques. Examples of
these techniques are included in this research project.
SEEING EYE BOT
Johnny Trevino Alicea, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
Ricardo Serrano Vélez, Manuel Mediavilla Negrón Vocational School, Humacao, Puerto Rico.
There are around 285 million people in the world that suffer from vision impairment. These people
sometimes require assistance to keep safe from obstacles and other dangers they might be unable to
perceive. This project presents a robotic vehicle which when attached to a leash acts as a seeing eye “bot”
using infrared sensors to scan the environment and tell the user when it senses danger. The robot sounds
an alarm that alerts the user that something is nearby by activating a 12Volt DC piezo buzzer. The robot is
controlled by the user with a remote which for the purposes of this project will be a television remote
control. The control code for said remote was discovered using an infrared sensor and hyperterminal. The
robot chassis and body were constructed from old RC car parts. The robot moves with the aid of a
continuous servo motor. The processing is done using an Arduino AtMega 2560 processor and
programmed using C++ on Arduino IDE. The robot is powered by batteries supplying 9 volts that were
scaled down using a voltage regulator 7805. The result of this project is a motorized robotic assistant for
the visually impaired that with the help with a remote and a sensor alarm system that restores the users’
sense of control and security over their surroundings.
SECURE CHATTING IN CELL PHONES USING RSA ENCRYPTION
Kenneth Young, José Collazo Colón School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
Texting in cellular phones is an everyday event; the average person texts about 88 times each day.
Sometimes, people send a text near other people and curious friends or strangers try to read private
conversations. In this project, an Android App was created in which current text conversation was
encrypted to preserve privacy. The encryption algorithm selected for this purpose was RSA, which relies
on the computational disadvantages of calculating the prime factors of any given number. The algorithm
generates 2 random prime numbers in any predetermined ranged and multiplies them to create the key.
The text to be encrypted was converted from ASCII to decimal and the mathematics took place by solving
for c=pe mod n to encrypt and p=cdmod n to decrypt. The apps interface and programming was created
using MIT’s App Inventor. The application can be uploaded to any android device using a barcode
scanner. In the future, this app can be published making it accessible to anyone via the android app
market.
ABSTRACTS
APPLIED PHYSICS
IS THE POSITION AND PHASE OF THE MOON A FACTOR IN THE OCCURRENCE OF A
LARGE EARTHQUAKE?
Angelic M. Arzola Roig, CROEM School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Advisor: Ms. Elba Sepúlveda, CROEM School, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
On December 17, 2011, the Western part of Puerto Rico experienced an earthquake. It was that
earthquake with a magnitude of 5.4 ML (Richter scale),. Earthquakes are phenomena that happen every
day, even if they cannot be felt. This is because they occur when the inner core of the earth is subject to
increasing pressure and build-up of energy until it erupts. The purpose of this investigation was to
determine whether the position of the moon could be of influence in the eruption of these earthquakes. To
find this out, large earthquakes from 2010 to 2012 (with a magnitude of 8.0 ML or larger) together with
the smaller earthquakes that happened before and after, were selected. Their magnitudes were related to
the phases of the moon, the location of the moon at the time of the earthquake (perigee or apogee in
percentage) and the location of the earthquake at the time it happened in relation to the moon. After this, a
graph to show if the earthquakes increased or decreased as the moon changed its position and phase, were
produced. The expected results will show a gradual increase in the magnitude of those earthquakes, when
related to the position of the moon at the time of that earthquake.
COMPARING RADIATION LEVELS FROM DIFFERENT CELL PHONES
BEST
POSTER
Giovanna P. Zambrana, Southwestern Educational Society (SESO), Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.
Research Assistant Mentor: Alexandra Maldonado Florenciani, San Benito School, Mayagüez, Puerto
Rico.
Radiation has always been a common and interesting subject in the field of science. Scientists have
always been concerned about the radiation emitted through cellphones by electromagnetic waves and how
they may affect the cells on the brain’s surface tissue. The purpose of this project was to observe how
cellphone radiation can affect the temperature of water and compare it with the Blackberry® due to the
amount of electromagnetic radiation emission. This process required five different brands of cellphones, a
tank of water, a thermometer and some Ziploc® bags to put the cell phones in. The cellphones were
submerged carefully into the water, making them ring for some time while taking their temperature and
collecting data to see how radiation affected the temperature, eventually repeating the process four more
times for each brand of cellphone, ten trials each. This project determined whether different brands of
cellphones radiated enough energy to affect the temperature of water in a tank. It was expected that the
Blackberry® will achieve the highest temperature due to its radiation emission levels.
ABSTRACTS
ROBOTICS
A ROBOT FOR SUPPORTING THE LEARNING PROCESS OF BASIC SHAPES AND VOCALS
IN A KINDERGARDEN GRADE
Jesús Emmanuel Alvarado Berríos, Luis Muñoz Marín School, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
The current generation of children likes electronic devices. Therefore, a robot is an interesting tool to
support the learning process about shapes and vocals in the kinder garden. The robot will ask the child a
geometric figure or a vocal and the child will select it and placed it in an area, the robot will evaluate if it
is correct, giving two more opportunities in case of a wrong answer. The robot continues with other
figures or vocals interacting with the child in the same way. This project was divided into two stages, the
physical design and construction, followed by its programming. In order to support the learning process,
this system was designed to interact with children 4+ years old with the intervention of a teacher.
Following this design, the students will be more receptive to the learning of shapes.
OBJECT RECOGNITION AND IDENTIFICATION
Gerardo M. Arguelles Santiago, Home School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
Student Research Mentors: Joehan Carrasquillo and Osvaldo Massanet, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo,
Puerto Rico.
Object recognition and computer vision are a clear indicator that demonstrates that the field of robotics is
getting a step closer to Artificial Intelligence. Through the SIFT algorithm within the Tekkotsu robotics
framework, the robot was to take a picture of the object and store it in a database. To ensure full
recognition, multiple pictures, at different angles each, were taken. After SIFT learned about the object, it
was tested to see if it could find the object hidden within a cluttered environment. In order to do this, the
robot had to move looking for the object until it fitound and correctly identified the object within the
environment it was in, at which point the robot would make a “barking” sound to confirm that it had
found the object.
TRIGONOMETRY SYSTEM
Nicole Flores and Karoline Méndez, Antonio Fernós Isern Vocational School, San Lorenzo, Puerto
Rico.
Research Mentors: Joehan Carrasquillo and Osvaldo Massanet, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo, Puerto
Rico.
In the fields of research and development, time is precious and should not be wasted. In making a triangle
geometry calculation system, the number of steps needed to obtain a result are reduced substantially, thus
reducing the amount of time that a researcher/developer must invest in solving trivial trigonometric
problems. The trigonometry system solves certain math/triangle-geometry problems that the average
student dislikes to solve and the average scientist needs to do. In this project, the Pythagorean Theorem
and the Sine Law were included and programmed within a C++ program, thus providing trigonometry
that can be a source compiled in any operating system that supports C++, making portability a possibility.
This system was designed to solve a limited area of trigonometry problems, but a vast one nonetheless.
SIFT WEAPON RECOGNITION SECURITY DRONE SYSTEM
Adrián Gómez, Antonio Fernós Isern Vocational School, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico.
Puerto Rico.
With the constant threat of terrorism through airfare and weapons getting through airport security, an
airport Security Drone System is necessary in order to make the maintenance of order and safety an easier
job than it currently is. This security drone system was created using the SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature
Transform) – an object recognition algorithm – within the Tekkotsu robotics framework. The system was
to determine if there is a weapon concealed within the luggage scanned through an X-Ray machine. In
cases that a weapon was found within the luggage, an alarm was triggered to notify the airport security
guard or authorities of jurisdiction; otherwise, it notified that there are no concealed weapons.
TEXTURE SIGHTSEEING
Pablo González Acevedo; Padre Rufo Bilingual School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Raymond L. Rodríguez Padilla: Padre Rufo Bilingual, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Ramón Cardona, Inter-American University, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Using color segmentations technique, integrated into the Tekkotsu robotics framework, a solution for the
iRobot Create was developed to distinguish, navigate and manipulate predefined set of colored objects.
The framework used in this study was an open source approach to software development at Carnegie
Mellon University. Using these segmentation techniques the robot was able to identify the given object
judging from its color. The robot had to pick up one from three completely different color cylinders. To
handle objects once identified, the grasper tool was used. It handles object manipulation using matrix
calculations to determine starting and ending points of progression. Once the iRobot had picked up the
cylinder with the grasper arm, it transported the cylinder to a set target. The objective given to the iRobot
tested its skills on manipulation and identification of colored objects.
TOM AND JERRY GUARDIAN ROBOT
Gabriela Martínez, Onix Fuster and William A. Crespo, República de Costa Rica Vocational School,
Rico.
As technology increases, the availability of various helpful products has also increased. Some of these
products must be handled with care for which certain security measures must be implemented. Children
and certain other people, for example, people that have never seen a certain product that might cause risk
if mishandled, might not understand and/or be incapable of maintaining these security measures for which
additional surveillance is needed. Many people store their cleaning products (and other harmful products)
in locations that may be easily accessible. This may lead to intoxication and even death if a person ingests
or mishandles such products. The name of the project, Tom & Jerry Guardian Robot, was designed to
chase after the person, regardless of age, in an attempt to hinder the person from doing any harmful
actions to himself/herself with harmful products. To make this possible, the Tekkotsu robotics framework
was used along with its integrated SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) Object Recognition
algorithm and Color Segmentation capability.
TRAFFICBOT: A ROBOT FOR TEACHING TRAFFIC SIGNALS TO CHILDREN
Nazhaly Mercado and Melanie Guzmán, Luis Muñoz Marín School, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
Knowing the traffic signals is an important issue for child safety. By Using a robot, this project helps
children to learn and understand the meaning of some traffic signals including STOP, wrong way, one
way and the traffic light functionality. This robot is built using the Lego MindStorm kit. The robot
simulates the appropriate way to transit on a traffic circuit in order to teach children. A remote control is
used to guide the robot through the same circuit. This project is divided into two stages, the physical
design and construction, followed by the robot programming.
THE SPEED CAMERA
Byron Morales, Isabel Flores School, Juncos, Puerto Rico.
Alexis Torres, Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
Rico.
Speed measurement utilizing a video camera is a technology that is available for policemen in order to
determine if a certain car is speeding. This project tried to recreate this system within the Tekkotsu
robotics framework. It would have the capability to determine the speed by utilizing Tekkotsu's color
segmentation system. This is necessary for certain people for they are interested in finding out how fast a
certain object is moving. This project would be used in the area of physics and other pure sciences or
pseudo-sciences in order to determine the speed of certain objects, thus aiding in research. It would also
be used in other areas that need speed determination as a key ingredient in order to make the necessary
work a reality.
IROBOT CREATE APPLIED TO PHYSICS
Sue Ann Pérez Vázquez and Christian Ramírez Irizarry, Nuestra Señora Del Carmen School, San
Juan, Puerto Rico.
Research Mentor: Prof. Ramón Cardona, Inter-American University, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
This research project explored the optimization process of the robot's locomotion, path planning and
environment perception. Working with the iRobot Create and the open source robotic framework
Tekkotsu, a strategic approach to behavior optimization for a maze-like environment was developed.
Tekkotsu was chosen to work with because of its high level methodology to programming and extensive
use of Object Oriented Technics that significantly lower the learning curve for non-programmers. The
first step was to design and construct a virtual testing environment. For this, WorldBuilder syntax was
implemented, a feature of the framework that lets recreate actual working scenes applied to physics.
Tekkotsu is fundamentally built on four basic modules that handle the management and gathering of data,
which are called the crew. Of these modules or applications, the pilot was used to navigate a given laid
out path; the mapbuilder, whose task was to compose and analyze a working scenario; and finally the
lookup, whose sole purpose was to gather data from the robots hardware.
ROBOTICS NAVIGATION AND LOCALIZATION PERFORMANCE ON IRREGULAR
TERRAINS
Joshua L. Pupo Morales, Antonio Lucchetti Vocational School, Arecibo, Puerto Rico.
Christian J. Correa, Central de Artes Visuales School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
Terrain irregularities are a major problem in robotics navigation. Localization is a step of most navigation
systems that is heavily affected by these irregularities. The purpose of this project was to determine how
much the localization process of Tekkotsu, a robotics framework, is affected by the irregularities while
completing a navigation task such as solving a maze. The project's experiment involved the creation of a
virtual maze with an irregular terrain by using a robotics simulation tool called Mirage. Tekkotsu's
navigation system was used to solve the maze. Since the task was designed for increased navigation
difficulty, the robot was expected to sometimes fail; however, the number of occurrences will define the
effectiveness.
HANDY HELPER
Jomar Ramírez, Iris Hernández and Yuliana Martínez, Christian Nazarene Academy, Levittown,
Puerto Rico.
Rico.
With the increase of technology the aiding, maintenance and facilitation of services towards people with
certain handicaps has been a possibility and a reality. However, since the maintenance of these
individuals consumes time and effort, the ratio between the number of people that are willing to aid
people with a handicap and the number of handicapped people is mostly a slim one (depending on
handicap and location). Also, not all which are willing to aid the handicapped are available at all times.
This project was focused on helping, with a robotic aide, people with paralysis, regardless of the
condition which caused it. By using the Lego Mindstorm system, a model of a “Handy Helper” was
created to simulate an aide for people with paralysis. With this robotic helper, simple functions made by
non-handicapped people, which prove to be difficult for people with this kind of handicap, could be
performed in order to facilitate everyday life to those with different handicapped conditions.
X MARKS THE COLOR!
Javier Rodríguez Rodríguez; St.Mary’s School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Felipe Lebrón Bonilla; St.Mary’s School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
For the development of the robotic behavior for this project, the iRobot Create was chosen and it was
implemented with the Tekkotsu framework. Written and maintained by Dr. David S. Touretzky and Ethan
Tira-Thompson, the framework is an open source approach to robotics development designed at Carnegie
Mellon University. Compared to other known systems, like ROS (Robot Operating System), Tekkotsu
uses a high-level of abstraction, reducing the learning curve and widening its accessibility to nonprogrammers. To control the robot's movements, the Tekkotsu's Pilot module was used. The MapBuilder
module was integrated to compose the representation of the world perceived through the robot's sensors.
Both modules worked in tandem to determine obstacles and define the optimal navigational path. For
visual recognition AprilTags were used, which are special markers deeply integrated with the framework.
These can be implemented to communicate specific instructions to the Create in order for it to handle
certain actions like placing a given object in a predefined colored zone.
COLOR BLINDNESS AID
Normarie Román Roque, Bilingüe de Cidra School, Cidra, Puerto Rico.
Nathaly Vallejo Rodríguez, CIMATEC School, Caguas, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
Students Research Mentors: Joehan Carrasquillo and Osvaldo Massanet, Universidad del Turabo, Gurabo,
Puerto Rico.
Those with the inability to see colors correctly, something which happens to few people, are somewhat
afflicted by this handicap. From minor effects (e.g. seeing different shades of the color instead of the
correct one) to major conditions (e.g. not being able to see any color), this handicap might prove
troublesome to the group of people which it afflicts. The Color Blindness Aid, which was built on the
Tekkotsu's “Color-Segmentation” ability, was intended to aid people with this handicap by telling them
what kind of color they are looking at (by name). This proved useful when the user needed to know the
color of an important object (e.g. traffic signs/lights, heavy machinery, poisonous animals, etc.).
OCTAGON
Samantha Sorondo, St. Mary's School, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
The goal of this project was to provide the iRobot Create with the ability to decipher the correct path
through a coded artificial environment, employing the Tekkotsu robotics framework. The framework uses
extensively the Object-Oriented approach, which makes it easy for non-programmers to understand and
implement. The virtual environment consists of an octagon-shaped maze, containing a different colored
object on each corner. The robot will collect these objects and move them to the inner section of the
octagon, organizing them by color. Using Tekkotsu's color segmentation strategies, I determined group
membership and calculated a path to a given colored area. Since the robot in use is not equipped with
arms, I used two special paddle extensions for basic object manipulation. The programming code allowed
the robot to accomplish the objective of grouping all the objects in their designated area.
ROBOT FOR SUPPORT TEACHING PARABOLIC TRAJECTORIES
Bryan Steve Torres Pérez, Luis Muñoz Marín School, Barranquitas, Puerto Rico.
Physics is one of the toughest classes in high school because the abstraction of concepts. Therefore,
physics experiments are very useful for students’ learning. This project proposes to build a robot for
teaching parabolic trajectories to high school students. This robot has a configurable canon for shooting a
small ball. The configuration parameters of the canon are the inclination degree and initial velocity of the
ball. This project was divided in two stages: robot construction and robot programming. Using this
project, students could understand the relationship between the inclination degree and initial velocity with
the distance in an interactive way.
LOTTERY WIZARD (LOTTOZOO)
Juan Vázquez, Cristo Redentor School, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico.
Elizabeth Calderón, Caguas Military Academy, Gurabo, Puerto Rico.
BEST
POSTER
Puerto Rico.
The Lottery Wizard, also known as Lottozoo, as was developed, would obtain a person's information in
order to provide a certain lottery number which would comply with the standards of the Lottery in Puerto
Rico as of the year 2012. The user would have to input certain personal information into the C++ code
and the code would calculate and output a lottery number. Some of the information to be inputted
includes the user's birth date, the number of family members within the current family, a car's license
plate number and certain other personal information. As a result, the output would be a string of numbers
that are playable in the electronic lottery of Puerto Rico. Due to the various numerical elements that can
be inputted, the application would able to generate different results.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Faculty research mentoring is the main driving force behind the scientific products (posters and oral
presentations) presented in this symposium. Our greatest appreciation and gratitude to all the mentors
who took part in the Winter 2012 Pre-College Research Symposium by working and training the next
generation of scientists whose efforts are presented in this booklet, as well as to the many other faculty
members who support the Student Research Development Center and its goals and objectives. Our most
sincere thanks are also extended to the following individuals who helped to make this Winter 2012 PreCollege Research Symposium possible.
Keynote and Workshop Speakers:
Dr. Barbara Ericson, Georgia Tech University
Judges and Session Chairmen:
María Acosta, Universidad del Este
Gloria Agosto, José Collazo Colón High School
Irisber Alequín, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico
Jesbaniris Bas, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus
Alfredo Bermúdez, Universidad del Turabo
Nellie Bonilla, University of South Florida
Isardo Braverman, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus
Alejandra Cartagena, Universidad del Turabo
Leonardo Cheverez, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico, Bayamón Campus
Carlimar Collazo, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico
Joel Corporán, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
Osvaldo Cox, Universidad Metropolitana
Melanie De La Rosa, Universidad del Este
Steven Díaz, Universidad del Turabo
Miguel Díaz, Universidad del Este
Araceli Feliciano, University of Puerto Rico
Mary Figueroa, José Collazo Colón High School
Yolanda Figueroa, Universidad del Este
Svetlana Gelpí, Universidad Metropolitana
Maxine González, Universidad Metropolitana
José González, Universidad Metropolitana
Johannys Jiménez, Universidad del Este
Ajay Kumar, Universidad Metropolitana
Alvaro Laham, Universidad Metropolitana
Solymar Landrau, Universidad del Este
Julio León, Universidad del Turabo
Rosaurelis Marín, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
Wesley Marrero, Universidad del Turabo
Juan Martí, Universidad Metropolitana
Christian Martínez, Universidad del Turabo
Eduan Martínez, Universidad Metropolitana
Agleé Martínez, Universidad del Este
Ricardo Melgarejo, Caribbean University
Dalvin Méndez, Arizona State University
Luis Mestre, Universidad Metropolitana
José Millán, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
Rafael Mirabal, Notre Dame School
Juan Miranda, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
José Molina, Spaceport Advocate & Consulting Group
Heidi Negrón, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
Lorraine Nieves, Universidad del Este
Sylmarie Ortiz, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
Jonathan Otero, Universidad Metropolitana
Luis Pagán, Univeridad del Turabo
Javier Parapar, Universidad Metropolitana
Ismael Parrilla, Saint Francis School
Jennifer Patritti, The Ohio State University
Maried Pena, Universidad del Turabo
Carla Reyero, Notre Dame School
Roberto Reyes, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus
Hansel Ríos, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico, Barranquitas Campus
Kiela Ríos, Universidad del Este
Rafael Rivera, Universidad del Turabo
Miguel Rivera, University of Puerto Rico, Bayamón Campus
Gloricelys Rivera, Universidad Metropolitana
José Rivera, Universidad del Este
Timothy Rivera, Puerto Rico Electrical Power Authority
Vanessa Rivera, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus
Yaichael Rodríguez, Universidad del Turabo
Weyshla Rodríguez, Universidad Metropolitana
Nicolle Rosa, University of Puerto Rico, Cayey Campus
Eliza Sáez, Universidad del Este
Ashlie Santaliz, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
Víctor Santos, University of Puerto Rico, Bayamón Campus
Soleil Valentín, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
Dorielys Valentín, Universidad Metropolitana
Ángel Vázquez, Inter-American University of Puerto Rico
Waleska Vázquez, Universidad del Turabo
Eliezer Vázquez, Inter-American University
José A. Vega, Ana G. Méndez University System
Yo-Ann Vélez, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus
Idalides Vergara, Universidad del Turabo
Research Mentors and Assistants:
Ángel Andino, Universidad Metropolitana
Yvonne Avilés, Inter-American University-San Germán
Irisber Arlequín, Inter-American School-San Germán
Ackeem Baker, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas
Chantelle Belmonte, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas
Juanita Boneque, St. Croix District Mathematics Coordinator, St. Croix
Katherine Calderón, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao
Ramón A. Cardona, Inter-American University-Metro
Joehan Carrasquillo, Universidad del Turabo
Carmen Carvajal, Inter-American University-Barranquitas
Laysa Claudio, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao
Wilnerys Colberg, Universidad Metropolitana
Marlene Colón, María Reina Academy
Anna Flores, Universidad Metropolitana
Francelys Franco, Inter-American University-San Germán
Jenipher González, Arecibo Observatory
Michael Laine, Liftport Group
Dayanara Lebrón, Universidad Metropolitana
Alvaro Lecompte, Inter-American University-San Germán
Kemit Lewis, Coral Conservation Manager, St. Croix
Ricardo Lorenzana, Universidad Metropolitana
Roberto Luna, Inter-American School, San Germán
Kevin Marrero, San Benito School, Mayagüez
David Mattera, Manor School, St. Croix
Guillermo Mejía, Inter-American University-San Germán
Abel Méndez, University of Puerto Rico-Arecibo
Elvin Méndez, Universidad del Este
Schatzi Miranda, Universidad del Turabo
José G. Molina, SpacePort Consulting and Advocacy Group
Cristina Morales, University of Puerto Rico-Bayamón
Greisha Ortiz, Universidad Metropolitana
Luis Ortiz, Universidad Metropolitana
Leonardo Pacheco, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez
Francisco Pérez, University of Puerto Rico-Bayamón
Joaquín Pockels, Polytechnic University
Oliva Primera, Universidad Metropolitana
Harry Rivera, Inter-American University, Bayamón
Ramón Rivera, Polytechnic University
Marcos Rodríguez, Universidad Metropolitana
Lorna E. Salamán, University of Puerto Rico-Río Piedras
Natalia Santiago, Universidad Metropolitana
Kamil Suliveres, Universidad Metropolitana
Brenda Torres, Universidad del Turabo
Pieter Van der Meer, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez
Jonathan Vargas, Universidad del Turabo
Edgardo Vázquez, Universidad del Este
Rosa White, St. Croix District Science Coordinator, St. Croix
Luisa F. Zambrano, Caribbean University
Symposium Staff:
Dr. Gladys Bonilla, SRDC Consultant
Dr. Luis de la Torre, Bio-Mathematics Faculty
Ms. Thelma Graniela, SRDC
Ms. Zulma Irizarry, SRDC
Ms. Ivette Miranda, SRDC
Mr. Nicholas Natalizio, SRDC
Symposium Coordinators:
Dr. Juan F. Arratia, Executive Director, Student Research Development Center
Mr. Tomás Yan Melo, Coordinator Caribbean Computing Center for Excellence (CCCE)
Mrs. Wanda Rodríguez, Coordinator AGMUS Institute of Mathematics
We gratefully acknowledge the support and sponsorship of the
Winter 2012 Pre-College Research Symposium from:
National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant #DMS-0822404
Grant #CNS-0940522
National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA)
Ana G. Méndez University System
Caribbean Computing Center for Excellence

Proceedings - Sistema Universitario Ana G. Méndez

Transcription

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