Atmosfer: Sifat fisik-kimia dan pembentukan lapisan

Atmosfer: Sifat fisik-kimia dan pembentukan lapisan

Atmosfer: Sifat fisikkimia dan
pembentukan lapisan
Bagian 2
SIRKULASI ATMOSFIR
IKLIM DAN SIRKULASI
GLOBAL
The surface currents
24
Climate patterns and moisture
distribution
ENERGY BALANCE ATMOSFIR
BUMI
Termodinamika Atmosfer  menjelaskan konversi energi matahari (input) ke
atmosfer dan thd respon atmosfer (turbulensi, sirkulasi, link sirkulasi
dengan transfer energi (radiasi), panas sensibel dan laten antara permukaan
bumi dengan atmosfer
Atmosfer merupakan rekator
kimia low temperatur
Important Chemistry:
UV
Stratosphere
O3 layer
Tropopause
-70oC
14 km
visible
UV absorption by O3
Troposphere
Regional and global
biogenic emissions
(CH4)
Urban Anthropogenic emissions
Surface O3
IR absorption by
Greenhouse gases
(H2O, CH4, CO2)
Surface emissions
resulting in O3 and
aerosol formation,
and acid rain
Atmospheric
Chemistry starts with sunlight
O3
v = c/
O +O2
• Breaking chemical bonds
requires energy
• Sunlight has energy
• If sufficient energy is deposited
in the bond, then it will break
• O3 has a bond energy of ~105
kJ mol-1
visible
E = hv
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Near UV
Far UV
700
620
580
530
470
420
400-200
200-50
Energy/kJ mol-1
170
190
210
230
250
280
300-600
600-2400
The Troposphere
Stratosphere, upper atmosphere
10-16 k m, -56ūC
Troposphere
O2, N2, Ar, CO2, trace gas es
Vapor
NO 2 + h
NO + O
Photoche mical reactions
H2O
Droplets
Air pollutan ts
Particle s
Temperature
invers ion
We athe r
TRAPPED BY MIXED LAYER
Mixed layer
Thermal inversion
Temperature Inversion
Transport, Reaksi, dan Presipitasi
Areas Surrounding the Site of Release