The Antietam Campaign

MARYLAND CIVIL WAR TRAILS
How to Use this Map-Guide
This guide depicts a 90-mile historic and
scenic driving tour that follows the route
taken during Robert E. Lee’s September
1862 Maryland Campaign. Information
contained here and along the Trail tells
stories that have been hidden deep within
the landscape for 140 years. Follow the
bugle trailblazer signs to waysides that
explain the day-to-day stories of soldiers
and civilians as thousands of men and boys
marched toward their undeniable destiny.
The Trail can be driven in one, two, or three days depending
on traveler preference. Recreational activities such as hiking,
biking, paddling, and horseback riding add a different yet powerful
dimension to the driving experience. Amenities along the Trail
include dining, lodging, shopping, and attractions which highlight
Maryland’s important role in the Civil War. For more detailed travel
information, stop by any Maryland Welcome Center, or local Visitor
Center, or contact any of the organizations listed in this guide. For
additional Civil War Trails information, visit www.civilwartrails.org.
For more Maryland travel information, visit www.mdisfun.org.
Cover Photography: www.tadderphotography.com
View west from South Mountain.
Monument to Civil War soldier at Antietam National Battlefield.
Follow these signs to more than 1,000 Civil War sites.
H
T
H
LEE INVADES MARYLAND
he Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, the culmination of
Gen. Robert E. Lee’s first invasion of the North, was one of
five Confederate offensives conducted on
a 1,000-mile front that fall. As Lee’s Army
of Northern Virginia (about 40,000 men)
marched across central and western Maryland, other Confederate forces moved into
Kentucky, northern Mississippi, and the
Kanawha River valley of western Virginia.
Never again during the war would so many
Confederate armies be on the offensive at
the same time.
Lee’s invasion was the bloodiest
and the most decisive of these incursions. Following his success at the
Second Battle of Manassas (Bull
Run), Lee wrote to Confederate
President Jefferson Davis on
H
H
September 3, “The present seems to be the
most propitious time since the commencement of the war for the Confederate Army to
enter Maryland.... If it is ever desired to give
material aid to Maryland and afford her an
opportunity of throwing off the oppression
to which she is now subject, this would seem
the most favorable.” Surprisingly, Lee then
wrote, “The army is not properly equipped
for an invasion of an enemy’s territory. It
lacks much of the material of war, is feeble
in transportation, the animals being much
reduced, and the men are poorly provided
with clothes, and in thousands of instances
are destitute of shoes. Still, we cannot
afford to be idle, and though weaker
than our opponents in men and military equipments, must endeavor
(left) Gen. Robert E. Lee (below) The Confederate
army crosses the Potomac River into Maryland.
H
LEE INVADES
H
MARYLAND
to harass if we cannot destroy them. I
am aware that the movement is attended
with much risk, yet I do not consider
success impossible, and shall endeavor
to guard it from loss.” Meanwhile, less
than 25 miles away, Union Gen. George
B. McClellan was staging his Army of
the Potomac, roughly 85,000 men.
While camped in Frederick, Maryland, a few days later, Lee decided on
a bold move. Because the 12,000-man
Federal garrison at Harpers Ferry posed
a threat to his lines of supply, communication, and retreat, Lee could not safely
operate north of the Potomac River
without neutralizing it. Accordingly,
he divided his army into four parts. He
directed Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall”
Jackson to supervise the envelopment of
Harpers Ferry with three Confederate
columns numbering more than 25,000
men. Lee assigned the newly arrived
division of Gen. D.H. Hill to guard
Turner’s Gap near Boonsboro. He later
ordered Gen. James Longstreet to lead
the rest of the army, about 10,000 strong,
to Hagerstown, Maryland, near the
Mason-Dixon Line and prepare to enter
Pennsylvania.
All of this changed when a copy of
Lee’s plan (Special Orders No. 191) fell
into Union hands. McClellan’s army gave
chase and forced the Confederates into
a holding action in the South Mountain
gaps. Lee gathered his army at Sharpsburg and decided to make a stand northeast of town on Sharpsburg ridge. Two
days later the armies met in the bloodiest one-day battle in U.S. history.
H LOST & FOUND H
D.H. Hill’s copy of the Special Orders No. 191.
A
fter crossing the Potomac
River early in September
1862, Confederate Gen.
Robert E. Lee reorganized
the Army of Northern Virginia into
three separate wings. On September 9,
at Frederick, Lee outlined his strategy
in Special Orders 191. He would divide
his army—send Gen. Stonewall Jackson to attack Harpers Ferry and Gen.
James Longstreet toward Boonsboro.
Lee distributed the orders to his senior
subordinates.
A copy addressed to Gen. D.H.
Hill got left behind, wrapped around
three cigars, when the Confederates
marched to South Mountain the next
day. On September 13, a Union soldier
found the bundle in Hill’s former camp
and presumably enjoyed the cigars.
The wrapper, read by another soldier,
soon reached Gen. George B. McClellan, who exclaimed that he held the
Confederate battle plan in his hands!
The lost order probably was found
on the Hermitage or Best Farm. Hill
forever after denied having received
or lost the “lost orders.” He produced
his own set, in Jackson’s handwriting,
as proof.
H
H
WAR ON THE BORDER
H
H
D
uring the Civil War, the Potomac
River became the boundary
between the United States of
America and the Confederate
States of America. Perhaps 500,000 Union
and Confederate troops and their animals
marched through and camped in the region,
placing a tremendous strain on the environment and economy. After the Battle of
Antietam a soldier wrote, “few were the
houses [near Sharpsburg] that had not been
pierced by solid shot or shell.” Union Gen.
George B. McClellan made the Pry family
home his headquarters; damages to the
farm and house exceeded $2,400 and
included the loss of 900 bushels of wheat
and 20 acres of ripe corn. Pry, ruined by the
occupation, eventually left Sharpsburg.
After the Battle of Gettysburg, Gen.
Robert E. Lee’s army retreated to the rainswollen Potomac and dug in between Downs­ville and Hagerstown, Maryland. Several
actions occurred over two weeks at Hagerstown, Funkstown, Boonsboro, and Williams­port. A writer reported that “the rebel line
of entrenchment, as well as our own, which
were hastily thrown up opposite to them,
extend for a distance of twelve miles
Civilians under fire.
Sharpsburg’s Main Street, 1862, just a few days after
the Battle of Antietam.
through one of the most fertile portions of
Washington County. Along these lines farms
have been terribly devastated. Fences have
been destroyed, timber cut down, embankments thrown up, ditches dug, wheat, corn,
and cloverfields destroyed, the whole presenting a scene of desolation and destruction painful to behold. Some farmers estimate their losses at six, eight, and ten
thousand dollars [while] others say they are
entirely ruined.”
Throughout the war, Confederate
partisans mounted small raids along the
border, and gangs of deserters from both
sides roamed the region stealing horses and
other livestock and committing mayhem.
Besides property damage, civilians sometimes suffered attacks on their persons.
Confederate partisans on a raid to Sharpsburg early in 1863 shot and killed a local
citizen, and during the summer of 1864, a
drunken Union soldier accidentally shot
and killed a young girl at Sandy Hook.
HARPERS FERRY
SOUTH MOUNTAIN
W
Harpers Ferry, 1862.
S
ent by Gen. Robert E. Lee to
capture Harpers Ferry and
secure Confederate lines of
communication during the
Maryland invasion, Gen. Thomas J.
“Stonewall” Jackson approached
Harpers Ferry from three directions
with 24,000 soldiers in mid-September
1862. Jackson and 14,000 men swept
Union troops at Martinsburg into the
Harpers Ferry trap. Gen. John G.
Walker’s 2,000-man division secured
Loudoun Heights, while Gen. Lafa­yette
McLaws climbed Maryland Heights on
September 13; the Federals there soon
withdrew to Harpers Ferry.
Jackson, atop School House
Ridge, used the terrain effectively to
position his artillery and troops. On
the night of September 14, however,
1,400 Union cavalrymen escaped across
the Potomac River. The next day, the
remaining Union garrison on Camp
Hill and Bolivar Heights surren­dered
nearly 12,500 men, 73 cannon, 11,000
small arms, and 200 wagons—the largest capitulation of U.S. troops during
the Civil War and the largest in American history until the fall of the Philippines in WWII. Jackson soon hastened
his men toward Sharps­burg, Maryland.
hen Confederate Gen.
Robert E. Lee led the
Army of Northern Virginia into Maryland early
in Septem-ber 1862, he sought supplies
and recruits to invade Pennsylvania.
While he rested his men at Frederick,
he hoped that the outnumbered Union
garrison at Harpers Ferry would flee
and leave his lines of communication
and transportation unhindered. When
the Federals stayed put, however, Lee
issued Special Orders No. 191 to divide
his army and send Stonewall Jackson
with almost two thirds (6 of 9 divisions)
of its soldiers to capture Harpers Ferry.
Lee and the rest of his army marched
over South Mountain, using it as a
screen to help keep Gen. George B.
McClellan’s pursuing Army of the Potomac at bay. But then the Federals found
a dropped copy of Lee’s orders, and it
became even more critical for the Confederates to hold the South Mountain
passes until Jackson completed his mission and rejoined them. The day-long
battle on September 14, it turned out,
gave them just time enough.
Franklin’s Corps storming Crampton’s Gap.
H
A
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
H
to serve in the United States Army and
lthough President Abraham
Navy during the war. While the proclamaLincoln personally opposed
tion itself actually freed no slaves, it
slavery, he was no abolitionist.
encouraged them to liberate themselves.
Yet in 1862 he slowly yielded to
Problems remained in the border
pressure from men such as Frederick
states. Maryland, for example, had stayed
Douglass to broaden the war aims of the
with the Union but held many slaves. In
United States. He awaited a Union military
December 1862, in Lincoln’s annual mesvictory, knowing that he needed Northern
sage to Congress, he proposed that “every
support for such a change.
State, wherein slavery now exists, which
The victory at Antietam (Sharpsburg)
shall abolish the same therein...shall
on September 17, 1862, gave Lincoln his
receive compensation from the United
opportunity. Five days later, he issued the
States.” (In reality, such compensated
preliminary Emancipation Proclamation,
emancipation did not occur.) Lincoln also
thereby transforming the war for the Union
wrote some loftier words: “We—even we
into a war for freedom as well. The Proclahere—hold the power, and bear the responmation stated that “all persons held as
slaves within any
state or designated
part of a state, the
people whereof
shall then be in
rebellion against
the United States
shall be then,
thenceforward,
and forever free.”
In the final version
promulgated on
January 1, 1863,
Lincoln opened
the way for blacks
to bear arms by
declaring that
“such persons of
suitable condition, Lincoln on Antietam battlefield days after he issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
will be received
sibility. In giving freedom to the slave, we
into the armed service of the United States
assure freedom to the free—honorable alike
to garrison forts, positions, stations and
in what we give, and what we preserve. We
other places, and to man vessels of all sorts
shall nobly save, or meanly lose, the last
in said service.” This provision allowed
best, hope of the earth.”
about 200,000 Americans of African descent
TRANSPORTATION
AND LOGISTICS
H PHOTOGRAPHY H
L
arge Civil War armies needed
the logistical support of
thousands of wagons and
teams, traveling forges, caissons, and ambulances, as well as cooks,
teamsters, blacksmiths, farriers, doctors, and hospital stewards.
The Union Army of the Potomac
drew more than 100,000 pairs of shoes
and boots, 93,000 pairs of trousers, and
10,000 blankets from advanced supply
depots at Frederick and Hagerstown
between September 12 and October 25,
1862. The army used more than 3,000
wagons and on October 1 had 22,493
horses and 10,392 mules.
Conversely, soldiers in the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia
lacked food, shoes, and uniforms, as
well as effective small arms, cannons,
and ammunition. They also probably
had no more than 16,000 horses to pull
wagons and other conveyances.
Both armies foraged across the
countryside. A Maryland newspaper
reported, “The region of the county
between Sharpsburg and Boonsboro
has been eaten out of food of every
description. The two armies ... have
swept over it and devoured everything
within reach.”
Dunker Church, Antietam
B
y the time of the Civil War,
photography had so advanced
that photographers could
follow armies, take pictures,
and develop them in field darkrooms.
They could not, however, photograph
moving subjects because of the long
exposure times—5 to 15 seconds—
needed to capture a scene on glass
plates.
Alexander Gardner began photographing the aftermath of the Battle
of Antietam on September 18, 1862,
the day following. He took the world’s
first photographs of war dead, which
shocked the public when displayed
in Mathew Brady’s New York gallery,
since most civilians thought combat
was like the romantic, bloodless images
depicted in contemporary patriotic
art. A reviewer wrote, “Mr. Brady has
brought home the terrible ear­nestness
of war. If he has not brought bodies
and laid them in our dooryards ... he
has done something very like it.”
When President Abraham Lincoln
visited the Union army early in October,
Gardner also made the first candid
outdoor photographs of a serving
president.
1
2
3
HAGERSTOWN
70
Rose Hill Cemetery
81
Williamsport
81
B&O Railroad
Roundhouse
MARTINSBURG
Belle Boyd House
Antietam
National
Battlefield
Station Antietam
Grove Farm
Keedysville
Kennedy
Farm
Braddock Heights
FREDERICK
Crampton’s
Gap
Christ
Reformed
Church
Burkittsville
Battle of
Shepherdstown
Moler
Crossroads
70
Central Maryland
Heritage League
Fox’s
Gap
Boteler’s Ford
Rumsey
Monument
WVA
Turner’s
Gap
Sharpsburg
Ferry Hill
SHEPHERDSTOWN
Washington
Monument
Boonsboro
70
Monocacy
National
Battlefield
Back Door to
Harpers Ferry
Urbana
Buckeystown
Park
Harpers Ferry
National Historical Park
Carrollton
Manor
270
Sugarloaf
Mountain
Hyattstown
Comus
Monocacy River Ford
VA
Monocacy Aqueduct
Barnesville
White’s
Ford
Beallsville
Mile Hill
4
Loudoun
Museum
LEESBURG
White’s Ferry
Ball’s Bluff
Poolesville
5
H ANTIETAM CAMPAIGN SITES H
H Leesburg (Loudoun Museum) – Antietam Campaign Tour
begins here, where Lee rested the Army of Northern Virginia
before invading Maryland.
H Mile Hill – A surprise attack led by Confederate Col. Thomas
Munford on Sept. 2, 1862, routed Federal forces.
H White’s Ferry (C&O Canal NHP) – A major part of Lee’s army
forded the Potomac River two miles north of this modern ferry
crossing, at White’s Ford.
H White’s Ford (C&O Canal NHP) – Here the major part of
the Army of Northern Virginia forded the Potomac River into
Maryland on September 5-6, 1862, while a Confed­erate band
played “Maryland! My Maryland!”
H Poolesville – Site of cavalry skirmishes on September 5 and 8,
1862.
H Beallsville – A running cavalry fight passed through town on
September 9, 1862.
H Barnesville – On September 9, 1862, opposing cavalry units
chased each other through town several times.
H Comus (Mt. Ephraim Crossroads) – Confeder­ate cavalry
fought a successful rearguard action here, September 9-11, 1862,
to protect the infantry at Frederick.
H Sugarloaf Mountain – At different times, Union and Confed­
erate signalmen atop the mountain watched the opposing army.
H Monocacy Aqueduct (C&O Canal NHP) – Confederate troops
tried and failed to destroy or damage the aqueduct on September
4 and 9, 1862.
H Monocacy River Ford – The Confederate army encountered
many sympathizers before they crossed the river here, but few on
the other side.
H Carrollton Manor – The landscape has changed little since
the Confederate army camped here on September 5-6, 1862, and
devoured fields full of green corn.
H Buckeystown Park – Hungry Confederates ate freshly baked
bread made with flour milled here.
H Hyattstown – Several cavalry engagements occurred here,
September 8-11, 1862.
HUrbana (Landon House) – The site of a ball held by Gen. J.E.B.
Stuart on September 8, 1862, this girls’ school also served as a
hospital to treat the wounded from a cavalry action at Hyattstown.
H Monocacy National Battlefield (Best Farm) – This is the
likely site where the famous Lost Order (Special Orders No. 191)
was found, containing Gen. Robert E. Lee’s campaign strategy.
H Crampton’s Gap – Although a Union division forced its way
through the gap, the commander called a halt instead of routing
the Confederates here.
H Burkittsville – After the Battle of Crampton’s Gap on
Sep­tember 14, 1862, this picturesque village became a bloodsoaked hospital center.
H Back Door to Harpers Ferry – Following the Battle of South
Mountain, CS Gen. Lafayette McLaws delayed the Union advance
by stretching his forces across the valley at the foot of Elk Ridge.
H Boonsboro – Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee had his headquarters here during the Battle of South Mountain.
H Keedysville – The town became a vast Union hospital after the
Battle of Antietam.
H Antietam National Battlefield – The scene of the bloodiest oneday battle in American history on September l7, 1862.
H Antietam Station – Veterans disembarked from trains here to
revisit the battlefield and attend reunions.
H Grove Farm – Here President Abraham Lincoln visited the Army
of the Potomac and its commander, Gen. George B. McClellan.
H Ferry Hill – This was the home of Henry Kyd Douglas, Stonewall
Jackson’s youngest staff officer.
H Williamsport (C&O Canal NHP) – Stonewall Jackson’s
command crossed into Virginia here en route to capturing
Harpers Ferry.
H Boteler’s Ford (C&O Canal NHP) – After capturing Harpers
Ferry, Stonewall Jackson’s command crossed back into Maryland
here; Lee’s army crossed here after retreating from Sharpsburg.
H Shepherdstown – This place became a Confeder­ate hospital center after the Battle of Antietam and nearby the scene of the last
engagement of the campaign on September 20, 1862.
H Rumsey Monument – Dedicated to James Rumsey, who launched
the first successful steam-propelled boat. Great view of the Potomac, the home of Kyd Douglas, and the ruins of the wartime bridge.
HBattle of Shepherdstown – Site of fierce fighting on September
19-20, as Lee’s army crossed back into Virginia and Union forces
struck the Confederate rear guard.
H Moler Crossroads – Elements of the Confederate army marched
near here en route to Sharpsburg.
H Harpers Ferry National Historical Park – Strategic communication and supply depot at the confluence of the Potomac and
Shenandoah Rivers.
H OTHER CIVIL WAR SITES H
H B&O Railroad Station (Frederick) – Here President Abraham
•Monocacy National Battlefield – On July 9, 1864,
H Frederick City Hall (Frederick) – Pro-secession legislators
•National Museum of Civil War Medicine (Frederick) – Tells
Lincoln spoke from a railroad car platform to Frederick residents
on October 4, 1862.
were prevented from attending a special session near here in 1861.
H Barbara Fritchie House (Frederick) – In John Greenleaf
Whittier’s famous ballad, a loyal old lady waved the Stars and
Stripes here and shamed Stonewall Jackson.
H Braddock Heights – Offers a great view of South Mountain
and the Confederate-held gaps that became Union objectives on
September 14, 1862.
H Middletown (Central Maryland Heritage League) – The
Confederate army received a chilly reception from the town’s
strongly pro-Union citizens when it marched through on
September 10-11, 1862.
H Middletown (Christ Reformed Church) – The church steeple
served as a Union observation post during the Battle of South
Mountain on September 14, 1862.
H Turner’s Gap – The Confederates still held the gap at the end of
the day on September 14, 1862.
H Washington Monument – The Union army used this stone tower
as a signal station during the Antietam Campaign.
H Fox’s Gap – Two generals—one Federal, one Confederate—died
fighting for the gap.
Union Gen. Lewis Wallace’s stubborn defense delayed for two days
Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early’s advance on Washington, D.C.
the story of medical practices during the war, when Frederick had
many hospitals.
•Kennedy Farm – In this simple log house leased by abolitionist
John Brown in the summer of 1859, he laid his plans, gathered his
associates, and launched his raid on Harpers Ferry on Oct. 16.
•B&O Railroad Roundhouse – Important Martinsburg facility
destroyed by Stonewall Jackson’s troops in 1862. Rebuilt after
the war.
•Belle Boyd House – Restored circa 1853 home of the famous
Confederate spy. It is now home to the Berkeley Co. Historical
Society and Historic Landmarks Commission.
•Ball’s Bluff Battlefield & National Cemetery – On Oct. 21,
1861, Confederates routed Union forces here and drove them over
the bluff into the Potomac River.
•Manassas National Battlefield Park – The site of two major
battles: the first large-scale fight of the war (July 21, 1861) and
one of Lee’s greatest victories (Aug. 29–30, 1862), after which he
decided to invade the North.
•Chantilly – After the Second Battle of Manassas, Jackson
attacked the retreating Federal army here. In a confused engagement during a thunderstorm, Union Gens. Philip Kearney and
Isaac Stevens were killed.
Map
M A S O N / D I X O N
1
L I N E
.
40
Campaign Driving Route
70
Alternate Campaign Driving Route
Campaign Site
Other Civil War Site
To Cumberland, Md
Williamsport
(C&O Canal NHP)
National, State or County Park
Joins Map 2
Information or Welcome Center
11
81
C&O C
a
nal NH P
B&O Railroad
Roundhouse
MAR TINS BUR G
Belle Boyd House
Ferry
Hill
Gr
CA
NAL
RD
S HEP HER DS TOWN
W E S T
V I R G I N I A
Rumsey
Monument
Boteler’
RIVER RD
Battle o
Shepherdst
BAK
Moler
Crossroads
Map
2
N E
81
40
11
H A G ERSTO WN
Rose Hill
Cemetery
40
port
nal NHP)
I L
R A
A P P
A L
A C
H I A N
T
South Mountain
Recreation Area
65
Joins Map 3
Joins Map 1
W A S H I N G T O N
68
ALT
40
66
Greenbrier
State Park
r e ek
F R E D E R I C K
Business
RENO MON UMENT RD
Antietam
Station
MOUNT BR
IAR RD
Fox’s Gap
Sharpsburg
Grove Farm
CA
NAL
RD
Boteler’s Ford
Original Site
17
Turner’s Gap
Keedysville
DOGSTRE
ET
Ferry
Hill
Gambrill
State Park
Washington
Monument
34
70
A
LIV
BO
RD
R
34
ALT
40
MARKE R RD
TREGO
RD
Middletown
Central Maryland
Heritage League
17
Battle of
Shepherdstown
ON
ERT
BAK
Moler
Crossroads
T O W N S E ND
D
Crampton’s
Gap
LA
N
RD
RD
TT
KNO
HIS
TOR
IC N
67
RIVER RD
CH
EST
NU
T GR
OVE
RD
Rumsey
Monument
Antietam
National
Battlefield
(See Map 6)
40
GAP
FOX
RD
nal NH P
Boonsboro
Anti
eta
mC
65
HAR
PERS FE
RRY RD
&O C
a
The German Reformed Church in
Keedysville was used as a hospital
after the battle.
GAP
RD
4
Gathland State Park Joins Map Burkittsville
Christ
Reformed
Church
ATI
O
NA
L
RO
AD
Braddock
Heights
40
Map
E 3RD ST
E 2ND ST
N EAST ST
MAXWELL AVE
MARKET ST
COURT ST
W 2ND ST
RECORD ST
COUNCIL ST
City
Hall
E CHURCH ST
Historical Society
of Frederick County
W PATRICK ST
E PATRICK ST
National Museum of
Civil War Medicine
Barbara
Fritchie
House
o
Carr
355
WEST ALL SAINTS ST
e
ll Cr
W SOUTH ST
Joins Map 2
E SOUTH ST
S CARROLL ST
EAST ALL SAINTS ST
B&O Railroad
Station
N O
C A
C
Y
M
O
15
R I
V E R
To Gettysburg
C K
Gambrill
State Park
Gen. McClellan entering the town of Frederick.
ddock
ghts
40
F RED ERI CK
(See Inset)
144
355
ek
Joins Map
70 5
New Market
75
S EAST ST
BENTZ ST
COLLEGE AVE
W 3RD ST
W CHURCH ST
3
E 4TH ST
W 4TH ST
CHAPEL ALLEY
FREDERICK
Battle of
Shepherdstown
Church
D
Crampton’s
Gap
LA
Joins Map 2
N
CH
EST
NU
T GR
OVE
RD
HAR
PERS FE
RRY RD
ON
ERT
BAK
Moler
Crossroads
RD
RD
TT
KNO
T O W N S E ND
GAP
RD
Map
Gathland State Park
4
Burkittsville
RD
Kennedy Farm
HA
RP
ER
SF
ER
RY
RD
Back Door to
Harpers Ferry
340
67
Buck
230
Ch
340
es a
p ea
ke and
Ohio
P O
C ana
Park
T O
l Nation al Hi st orical
M A C
R I
V E R
RI
VE
R
Harpers Ferry
National Historical Park (See Inset)
15
C
M
NDO
AH
671
SHENA
Point of Rocks
28
HARPERS FERRY NATIONAL HISTORICAL PARK
Licksville
(Tuscarora)
Joins Map 5
C&
P O T O M
OC
RP
ER
SF
ER
R
HA
D
Maryland
Heights
C& O C
a na l N H P
P O T
O M A C
IV
ER
E
IV R
V I R G I N I A
Loudoun
Heights
White’s
Ford
Dickerson
Conservation
Park
O
A
SHE N
107
White’s Ferry
TUTT
LAN
E
9
Ball’s
Bluff
EDWARDS F
ERR
YR
LEES BUR G
15
From the Maryland shore of the Potomac River,
a Federal scout takes aim at Lee’s soldiers
as they wade across the river from Virginia.
To Oatlands and
Manassas NBP
C&O
Ca n a
l NH
FER
RY
Loudoun
Museum
RD
Mile Hill
7
P
D
ED
WA
RD
S
AN
D
H
R
340
Mon
Aqu
15
MA R TINSBURG RD
YR
R
Schoolhouse
Ridge
anal NH
P
A C
RIV
ER
Bolivar
Heights
Camp Hill
Edwards
Ferry
7
To Chantilly
(See Inset)
144
Joins Map 3
355
70
New Market
Map
75
5
Monocacy
National Battlefield
Y
AB
AR
To Baltimore
AD
RO
Buckeystown
BAKER
VAL
L
EY
RD
C HUR CH
85
Michae
l’ s M
Urbana
(Landon House)
80
ill
RD
Buckeystown
Park
80
270
355
Carrollton
Manor
Hyattstown
Sugarloaf Mountain
Natural Area
28
Little Bennett
Regional Park
Sugarloaf
Mountain
Monocacy Natural
Resources Area
RD
Comus
Monocacy
River Ford
Monocacy
Aqueduct
Clarksburg
109
Dickerson
OLD
H
RD
Barnesville
ND
RE
D
RD
T
BAR
NES
VILL
E
F
TH O
MOU
Y RD
C
A
C
O
MON
COMUS
RD
EPH
RA
I
M
M
Joins Map 4
Licksville
(Tuscarora)
U
M O N T G O M E R Y
OLD BALTIMORE R
D
28
To Washington D.C.
I A
E
SCH RD
WA
ickerson
nservation
Park
MA R TINSBURG RD
White’s
Ford
BEA
LLS
VIL
LE
RD
109
Beallsville
28
107
s Ferry
RR
FE
Y
RD
Poolesville
l NH
FER
RY
RD
107
P
o Chantilly
ED
WA
RD
S
Ca n a
WH
ITE
’S
Edwards
Ferry
President Lincoln arrived at the B&O Railroad Station in
Frederick City to visit the Army of the Potomac.
Map
6
tam
Cr
ee
k
ANTIETAM NATIONAL BATTLEFIELD
A
tie
The
Cornfield
n
65
Dunker Church
Sunken
Road
Battlefield
Overlook
Sharpsburg
Antietam
National
Cemetery
FERRY RD
HARPERS
Antietam
Station
34
Burnside’s Bridge
The First Virginia Cavalry at a halt, during the Antietam Campaign.
H H H
TRAVEL RESOURCES
H H H
For more information on the Civil War, recreation and traveling in Maryland, please visit:
Maryland Office of
Tourism Development
National Museum of
Civil War Medicine
401 E. Pratt Street
14th Floor
Baltimore, MD 21202
(877) 333-4455
www.visitmaryland.org
48 East Patrick Street
Frederick, MD 21701
(800) 564-1864
www.CivilWarMed.org
Conference and Visitors
Bureau of Montgomery
County, Maryland, Inc.
11820 Parklawn Drive
Suite 380
Rockville, MD 20852
(800) 925-0880
www.visitmontgomery.com
Tourism Council of
Frederick County, Inc.
151 S. East Street
Frederick, MD 21701
(800) 999-3613
www.visitfrederick.org
Hagerstown/Washington
County Convention &
Visitors Bureau
16 Public Square
Hagerstown, MD 21740
(800) 228-STAY (7829)
www.marylandmemories.org
South Mountain
State Battlefield
6620 Zittlestown Road
Middletown, MD 21769
(301) 432-8065
www.dnr.state.md.us
Antietam National Battlefield
The Sunken Road at Antietam National Battlefield.
P.O. Box 158
Sharpsburg, MD 21782
(301) 432-5124
www.nps.gov/anti
C & O Canal National
Historical Park
A detailed
exhibit at
the National
Museum of
Civil War
Medicine,
Frederick.
Williamsport Visitor Center
205 West Potomac Street
Williamsport, MD 21795
(301) 582-0813
www.nps.gov/choh
Monocacy National Battlefield
Memorial to Irish Brigade
at the Sunken Road on the
Antietam Battlefield.
4801 Urbana Pike
Route 355 South
Frederick, MD 21704
(301) 662-3515
www.nps.gov/mono
Harpers Ferry
National Historical Park
P.O. Box 65
Harpers Ferry, WV 25425
(304) 535-6298
www.nps.gov/hafe
Monument to Union
dead at the Antietam
National Cemetery.
H
S
BALTIMORE
WASHINGTON, D.C.
ome 18,440 soldiers were
wounded in one day of fighting at Antietam on September
17, 1862, and another 3,122 in
the Battle of South Mountain three
days before. Transporting, operating on, and caring for this enormous
number of wounded soldiers presented
a challenge never before faced. A
doctor reported, “There is not a barn,
or farmhouse, or store, or church, or
schoolhouse between Boonesville [sic],
and Sharpsburg … and Smoketown
that is not gorged with wounded.”
The surviving wounded were
taken to hospitals in Frederick or
Baltimore. In Frederick alone, 29 hospitals functioned in public buildings.
The U.S. Sanitary Commission, established in July 1861, helped operate
hospitals and distribute supplies.
Although medical practices
made great advances during the Civil
War, the germ theory of infection was
unknown then. Surgeons operat­ed on
wounded soldiers in unsanitary conditions with unsterilized instruments.
An amputee had a 65 percent chance
of surviving surgery, but only a 10 percent chance of surviving infection if
it occurred afterward.
Brochure Design by Communication Design, Inc., Richmond, VA
MEDICINE
Frederick, Montgomery
and Washington counties.
Download the Maryland
Civil War Trails app from
Apple or Google Play to
discover Civil War history
and fun things to see and
do along the way.
For more information
on other Civil War Trails,
call toll-free:
1.888 . 248 . 4597
www.visitmaryland.org
Larry Hogan, Governor
Boyd Rutherford, Lt. Governor
© 2015 Virginia Civil War Trails, Inc.
H