Khao Dawk Mali 105

Table 1 Proportional size of head rice and broken
GradeHead rice (part)Broken (part)
Part*
mm.
Part*
mm.
100% A, B and C
≥ 8.0 ≥ 5.2
5 – 8 ≤ 5.2
5% ≥ 7.5 ≥ 4.6
3.5 –7.5 ≤ 4.6
10%
≥ 7.0 ≥ 4.3
0.5 – 7.0 ≤ 4.3
15%
≥ 6.5 ≥ 4.0
3 – 6.5 ≤ 4.0
25-45%
≥ 5.0 ≥ 3.2
≤5 ≤ 3.2
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* An unbroken kernel is divided into 10 parts
High quality rice not only contains a higher proportion of
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Class 1 long grain than those of other inferior grades, but also has
longer sizes of head and broken kernels. Small broken (C1) which
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passed through a round hold metal sieve No 7 (0.79 mm. diameter
and 1.75 mm thickness) is not allowed to mix in 100% class A
white rice.
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3. Rice and other matter; Some allowances are specified
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in each rice grade. It may be verified as
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- Red kernel: rice having red bran covering the kernel
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wholly or partly.
- Yellow kernel: rice having some parts of the kernels
turns yellow obviously.
- Chalky kernel: non glutinous rice having opaque area
like chalk for 50% of the kernel or more.
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41
- Damaged kernel: rice kernel obviously damaged due
to moisture, heat, insects or others.
- Foreign matter: other matter than rice, This includes
- Black kernels: parboiled rice kernels that have black
or dark brown of the whole kernels.
- Partly black kernels: parboiled rice kernels that are
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rice husk, bran detached from rice kernels.
black or dark brown area for 25% or more.
- Peck kernel parboiled rice kernels that are black or
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- Undeveloped kernel: kernels that do not develop
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dark brown area less than25%.
normally, and are flat without starch.
- Other seed: seeds of other plants than rice
- Paddy, glutinous in non-glutinous rice or
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- Immature kernel: kernels that are light green.
non-glutinous rice in glutinous rice are also specified
in all types of rice standard.
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4. Milling degree; is divided in to 4 levels as Extra well
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milled, Well milled, Reasonably well milled and Ordinarily well
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milled.
5. Moisture content; The moisture content of rice of all
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types and grades are specified not exceeding 14%.
Khao Dawk Mali 105
Hom Mali Rice
It is obvious that this Rice Standard concerned only the
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physical characteristics of rice grain. To grade exporting Hom mali
rice was also justified in accordance with this Rice Standard.
Hom Mali rice is the name of Thai fragrant rice that
produces soft texture cooked grain. The commodity may be called
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Hom Mali rice in domestic market, and Thai Jasmine rice or Thai
fragrance rice in foreign trade. Thai Jasmine rice has been popular
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worldwide among rice consumers. Like other types of exported rice,
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Thai Jasmine rice was also graded in compliance with the Thai Rice
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Standards. Increase in popularity of Thai Jasmine rice created a
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problem of adulteration of other rice in this commodity and caused
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complaint from both domestic and foreign customers. This brought
to the first incorporation of Thai Hom Mali rice standard to the Thai
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Rice Standards in 2001 to certify the consumer packaged rice selling
in domestic market conducted by the Department of Internal Trade,
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Ministry of Commerce. Later in the same year, the Standards for
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Thai Hom Mali Rice, notified by the Department of Foreign Trade,
was published in the Government Gazette on 2nd November, B.E.
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2544 (2001), under the Notification of the Ministry of Commerce.
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In 2001, the amount of 7.7 million tons of Thai rice was
sent abroad. About 96% of the commodities were exported by
private enterprises. Only 4% or 300,000 tons were traded through
Governments. In 2008, the volume of 2.5 million tons certified Hom
Mali Rice shared the largest portion of the 9.2 million tons of total
Khao Dawk Mali 105
43
export. The high quality Hom Mali white rice, 100% grade B, was
sent to the countries in Asia, America, Europe and Australia/Oceania
at the proportions of 33%, 15%, 9% and 2.6% respectively. In Africa,
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the consumers preferred to import broken Hom Mali Rice.
Certified Hom Mali Rice for domestic market
The announcements of the Department of Internal Trade
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to certify Hom Mali rice in the consumer package were established
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in 2001 and modified in 2007. The size of packaged rice may be 2-5
The rice having the quality in compliance with the Hom
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kilogram.
Mali Rice standards can be identified by the “Certified Trademark”
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or the department of Internal Trade as shown below;
Picture 2 Certified trademark for domestic market
The category was classed into 2 levels; General and
Excellent standards.
Khao Dawk Mali 105
General standard will be acquired by a personal, producer
or distributor of Hom Mali rice in package. The applicant must
be the member of Trading Association according to the Trading
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Association Bill, B.E. 2509 and complied with the Rice Trade Bill,
B.E. 2489.
The Excellent standards will be acquired by the one who
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produces rice in compliance with the General standard. In addition,
the processing system must be complied with either the certification
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of GMP (Good Manufacture Practice), HACCP (Hazard Analysis
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Critical Control Point) or ISO (Organization for International
the certified producer is needed.
The certified personal, producer and distributor are allowed
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Standards). To certify distributor, verification of the rice obtain from
to add the trade mark of “Certified Hom Mali Rice on the packaging.
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Both General and Excellence standards classified the grade of rice
into 3 categories as present in table 1.
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Table 1 Categories and grades of certified Hom Mali rice for
domestic market
Category
Grade classification
1
White Hom Mali rice
100%, 5%, 10%
2
Cargo Hom Mali rice
100%, 5%, 10%
3
Broken Hom Mali rice A1 Extra Super, A1 Extra Super
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No.
Khao Dawk Mali 105
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Picture 3 Example of Hom Mali rice in consumer packages for
domestic market
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Certified Hom Mali Rice for Exportation
The adulteration problem was not occurred only in
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domestic market, but also existed in exporting commodity. The
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Standards for Thai Hom Mali Rice was first published in 2001 in
the government Gazette Volume 118, Special Part 109 d. on 2nd
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November B.E. 2544.
The rice having the quality in compliance with the Thai
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Hom Mali Rice standards of the Ministry of Commerce shall be
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identified by “the Certified Trademark” as shown below. Once the
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permission is authorized, the producer shall be allowed to present
“the certified trademark” on the package for one year duration.
The rice may be packed for 1-100 kilogram or more. In case of
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packing the rice in a sack or other container, the details related to
the packaging material and its sewing and sealing shall be indicated
on the application.
Khao Dawk Mali 105
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Picture 4 Certified trade mark for Hom Mali rice for export.
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Thai Hom Mali Rice Standard
The definition of the Rice was given as below;
“Thai Hom Mali rice referred to cargo rice (brown rice)
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and white rice derived from paddy of non glutinous rice of varieties
which are sensitive to photoperiod and cultivated as a main crop in
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Thailand, and which were certified by the Department of Agriculture,
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Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives as being Kao Dok Mali 105
variety and RD15 variety with a natural fragrant aroma depending on
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its age, when cooked, such rice kernels shall have a tender texture”.
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Later in 2002, the meaning of Thai Hom Mali rice was
explained as follow; “THAI HOM MALI RICE or THAI JASMINE
RICE or THAI FRAGRANT RICE or any other names that have the
same meaning, whether or not contain a word that means “THAI”
to the definition of the standard.
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In compliance with the standard, Thai Hom Mali rice shall
have the following categories;
1. containing not less than 92% of Thai Hom Mali rice
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grains;
2. having a moisture content not exceeding 14.0%;
3. having the general characteristics of a long grain rice
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with natural little chalk;
4. not having any live insect;
5. having the kernel sizes as follows:
- the averaged length of the whole kernel without any
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broken part shall not less than 7.0 mm.;
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- the ratio of the averaged length to the averaged width
of the whole kernel without any broken part shall not
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less than 3.2:1.0;
6. having the chemical properties as follows:
- amylose content shall not less than 13.0% and shall
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not exceed 18.0% at the moisture content of 14.0%
- alkali spreading value of white rice kernel at level 6-4
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The Hom Mali Standards shall be divided into 2 types :
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white rice and Cargo rice. The white rice shall be divided into 8
grades, while the cargo rice have 5 grades as follows:
Khao Dawk Mali 105
Table 2 Grade classification of Hom Mali Rice Standard
White rice
Cargo rice (Brown rice)
100% Grade A
100% Grade A
100% Grade B
100% Grade B
100% Grade C
100% Grade C
5%,
5%,
10%
10%
15%,
15%,
Broken rice A1 Super
Broken rice A1 Super
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Picture 5 Example of Hom Mali rice in consumer package for domestic
market and exportation.
Khao Dawk Mali 105
References
Agricultural Future Exchange of Thailand. 2009. Statistics of
Hom Mali Rice-AFET. http://www.afet.or.th/v081/thai/
product/bhmr/statistic_export.php. accessed : 30/9/2552.
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Department of Foreign Trade. 2002. Thai Rice Standard and Thai
Hom Mali Rice Standard. Ministry of Commerce.
Trader Speed up Commerce Ministry to open the Beijing-
Shanghai Market.
http://www.gotomanager.com/news/details.aspx?id=47350.
accessed
:15/7/2552.http://www.gotomanager.com/news/details.
aspx?id=47350. accessed :15/7/2552.
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h
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Office of Agricultural Economics. 2008. Statistics of Thai
Agricultural
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production Trade 2008.
http://www.oae.go.th/download/journal/tradestat2008.pdf.
accessed : 19 Feb.2010.
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e
Wikipedia. 2009. Hom Mali Rice.
http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki. accessed : 15/7/2552.
of
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Manager. 2009. Point out Hom Mali Rice Export to China Soared,
Khao Dawk Mali 105
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Standards For Thai Hom Mali Rice
“Thai Hom Mali Rice” means Cargo rice and White rice
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derived from paddy non-glutinous rice of the fragrant rice varieties
which are sensitive to photo period and cultivated as a main crop in
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Thailand, and which are certified by the department of Agriculture,
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the ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives as being Khao Dawk
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Mali 105 variety and RD15 variety with a natural and fragrant aroma
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a tender texture
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depending on its age, and when cooked, such rice kernels shall have
“Amylose” means a kind of starch existing in the rice
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kernels. When cooked, the rice kernel’s texture varies according to
the amount of amylose
“Rice” means any form of non-glutinous and glutinous
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“Paddy” means rice that has not yet been husked
“Cargo rice” (Loonzain rice, Brown rice, Husked rice)
of
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rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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means rice that has only been husked
“White rice” means rice obtained by removing bran from
Cargo non-glutinous rice
“White glutinous rice” means rice obtained by removing
bran from Cargo glutinous rice
Khao Dawk Mali 105
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“Parts of rice kernels” means each part of the whole kernel
that is divided lengthwise into 10 equal parts
“Whole kernels” means whole rice kernels without any
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broken part and includes kernels which have at least 9 parts
“Head rice” means broken rice kernels with lengths greater
than those of brokens but less than those of whole kernels, and
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includes split kernels that retain at least 80 percent of the whole
kernel
“Brokens” means broken rice kernels whose lengths are
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at least 2.5 parts of a whole kernel but less than the length of head
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rice, and includes split kernels that retain less than 80 percent of the
whole kernel
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“Small brokens C1” means small broken rice kernels that
pass through round hole metal sieve No.7
“Undermilled kernels” means rice kernels milled at a
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degree below that prescribed for each kind of rice
“Red kernels” means rice kernels that are wholly or partly
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covered by red bran
“Yellow kernels” means rice kernels where part of which
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have turned into an apparent yellow
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“Chalky kernels” means non-glutinous rice kernels which
have a chalk-like opaque area covering at least 50 percent of the
kernels
“Damaged kernels” means rice kernels that are damaged
as apparent to the naked eyes due to moisture, heat, fungi, insects
or others
Khao Dawk Mali 105
“Underdeveloped kernels” means rice kernels that have
not developed normally and are flat
“Immature kernels” means rice kernels that are light green,
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obtained from immature paddy
“Other seeds” means seeds of other plants which are not
rice kernels
“Foreign matter” means other things which are not rice
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and includes rice husk and bran detached from rice kernels
“Milling degree” means the degree to which rice is milled
“Extra well milled” means the removal of bran entirely to
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the extent that the rice kernel has and especially beautiful appearance
“Well milled” means the removal of bran entirely to the
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extent that the rice kernel has a beautiful appearance
“Reasonable well milled” means the removal of most of
appearance
“Ordinarily milled” means the removal of some portion
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of bran
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the bran to the extent that the rice kernel has a reasonably beautiful
“Sieve No.7” means a round hole metal sieve that is
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0.79 millimeters (0.031 inch) thick and with hole diameter of 1.75
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millimeters (0.069 inch)
“per cent” means percentage by weight
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Cause 1 Thai Hom Mali Rice Standard shall be divided
(1) White rice
(2) Cargo rice
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into the following 2 types:
Cause 2 Standardized Thai Hom Mali rice of white rice
(1) White rice 100% Grade A
(2) White rice 100% Grade B
(3) White rice 100% Grade C
(4) White rice 5%
(5) White rice 10%
(6) White rice 15%
(7) White broken rice A1 Extra Super
(8) White broken rice A1 Super
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Cause 3 Standardized Thai Hom Mali rice of cargo rice
(1) Cargo rice 100% Grade A
(2) Cargo rice 100% Grade B
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type shall be divided into 6 kinds as follows:
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type shall be divided into 8 kinds as follows:
(3) Cargo rice 100% Grade C
(4) Cargo rice 5%
(5) Cargo rice 10%
(6) Cargo rice 15%
Khao Dawk Mali 105
References
Agricultural Future Exchange of Thailand. 2009. Statistics of
Hom Mali Rice-AFET. http://www.afet.or.th/v081/thai/
product/bhmr/statistic_export.php. accessed : 30/9/2552.
op
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Department of Foreign Trade. 2002. Thai Rice Standard and Thai
Hom Mali Rice Standard. Ministry of Commerce.
pp. 62-66. In Manager. 2009. Point out Hom Mali Rice
Export to China Soared, Trader Speed up Commerce
Ministry to open the Beijing-Shanghai Market.
h t t p : / / w w w. g o t o m a n a g e r. c o m / n e w s / d e t a i l s .
aspx?id=47350. accessed :15/7/2552.
an
d
D
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h
Office of Agricultural Economics. 2008. Statistics of Thai
Agricultural production Trade2008. http://www.oae.go.th/
download/journal/tradestat2008.pdf. accessed : 19 Feb.2010.
ea
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accessed : 15/7/2552.
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of
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e
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Wikipedia. 2009. Hom Mali Rice. http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki.
Khao Dawk Mali 105
55
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KDML105 panicles
Khao Dawk Mali 105
KDML 105 is a special variety of rice that has a distinctive
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Chapter 6 :
Conclusion
texture and fragrance, different from other varieties. The cultivation
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process including pre and post harvesting production technology
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has to be carefully planned and planted in suitable location in the
Northeastern and Northern regions of Thailand. The rice production
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will then be of best quality. Production of all KDML 105 feeds for
local consumption and exportation producing about 40 percent of
national income. Yet, this production is insufficient. Thai people
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should be proud of having KDML 105 by helping to control its
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of
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to come.
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quality, so that this rice would be a symbol of Thailand in the years
Khao Dawk Mali 105
57
Consultants
Mr. Chairit Dumrongkiet Deputy Director General of Rice
Department
Mrs. Samlee Boonyaviwat
Deputy Director General of Rice
Department
Dr. Boriboon Somrit
Rice Department Consultant
Dr. Tawee Kupkanchanakul Rice Department Consultant
Ms. Ngamchuen Kongseri Rice Department Consultant
Mr. Warawit Panichpat
Rice Department Consultant
Mr. Anan Polwatana Rice Department Consultant
Dr. Waree Chaitep Director of Bureau of Rice Research
and Development
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Director General of Rice Department
Team Work
Agricultural Scientist Expert ; acting
Senior Expert in Rice Production
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Mrs. Kingkaw Kunket e
Technology
Senior Expert in Rice Breeding
Mrs. Anchalee Prasertsak Agricultural Scientist Expert ; acting
Senior Expert in Rice Seed
Technology and Seed Variety
Standard
Mr. Suniyom Taprab
Agricultural Scientist Expert
Ms. Kunya Cheaupan
Agricultural Scientist Expert
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Ms. Orapin Watanesk Bu
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Mr. Prasert Gosalvitra
Khao Dawk Mali 105
Agricultural Scientist Expert
Dr. Kannika Naklang
Agricultural Scientist Expert
Ms. Sunanta Wongpiyachon
Scientist
Mr. Boondit Warintarak
Director of Prae Rice Research
Center
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Dr. Varapong Chamaruak
Dr. Poonsak Mekwatanakarn Director of Ubonratchathani Rice
Research Center
Mr. Surapon Chaidee
Director of Surin Rice Research
Center
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Mr. Narawut Piyachotesakulchai Director of Nakonrachasrima Rice
Research Center
Mr. Piyapan Srikoom
Agricultural Scientist Expert
Mr. Ronachai Changsri
Agricultural Scientist
Mr. Tanee Chuenbarn Agricultural Scientist
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Mrs. Witchuda Ratanakarn Plant Pathologist
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Ms. Wanporn Kemmuk Plant Pathologist Expert
Khao Dawk Mali 105
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