Cell Organelle Notes - Perry Local Schools

organelles.notebook
September 20, 2013
Nucleus
• Cell Control Center
• Contains the directions to make proteins
(DNA)
• Two main jobs is to protect the DNA and
make sure that DNA is always available for
use.
• Found in all cells
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Nucleolus
• Located within the nucleus
• Responsible for making ribosomes
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Nuclear Membrane and
Nuclear Pores
• Located outside of the nucleus
• Also called Nuclear envelope
• Made up of a double membrane containing two phospholipid bilayers
• Contains small nuclear pores
• Allow substances to pass from the nucleus to cytoplasm
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Ribosomes
• Site of protein synthesis (they link amino acids together)
• Can be found floating in the cytoplasm, BUT most of the time they attach to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Found in all cells
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• A folded membrane that forms a network of
interconnected compartments in the cytoplasm
• The location of cellular chemical reactions
• Found in Both types of cells
• Rough ER –contains ribosomes that are attached to the
surface, it is involved in the transport, storage, making and
modifying of proteins.
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth ER- production and storage of lipids,
contains NO ribosomes
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Golgi Apparatus (Bodies)
• Closely stacked, flattened membrane
sacs
• Modify, collect, and sort proteins into
packages and distributes proteins
produced by the cell
• Found in both plants and animals
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Vesicles
• General name for little membranebound sacs that transport materials
from place to place in the cell
• Short-lived, they form and breakdown as needed
• Example: after a protein is made in
the ribosome, part of the ER will
pinch off and form a vesicle to
transport the protein to the golgi
apparatus.
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Cytoskeleton
• Supportive structure made of protein that helps to form a frame work for cells • Just like your skeleton supports YOU!
• Composed of rods/filaments (Microtubules and Microfilaments) that can be rearranged
• They also help to anchor and support many organelles and provide a highway system through which materials move in and out of the cell.
• Found in BOTH!
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Microtubules/Microfilaments
• Thin hollow tubes made of proteins
• Acts as “tracks” to move organelles • Smaller, solid protein fibers
• Think of small threads
• Enable the cell to move and divide
• Help muscles contract and relax
• Work together
• Both work to anchor and support many
organelles
• Provides a highway system for materials
to move within a cell
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Cytoplasm
• Clear, gelatinous fluid inside the cell that
contains needed molecules, proteins, amino
acids, ions, etc.
• Location of all other organelles
• Found in all Cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8edk6nGMwMs&feature=fvw
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Plasma Membrane
• Helps maintain Homeostasis
• Present in all cells
• Flexible boundary between the cell and its environment to allow nutrients to enter
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Cell Wall
• Firm, protective, supportive structure that gives the cell its shape
• Made of cellulose
• Porous ­Allows all molecules to enter through it.
• Found in most bacteria, fungi and plants
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Friday, September 20
Bell Work:
How does a cell wall and a cell membrane differ? Why are these differences important for plants?
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Mitochondria
• Power House of the cell
• Produces a usable form of Energy for the
cell
• Has highly folded membranes
• Found in both plants and animals.
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Choloroplasts
• In inner membrane there are disc­shaped sacs called thylakoids that contains Chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that traps Energy from the Sun
• Give plants their green color (only in plants!)
• Produce food by capturing light energy and converting it into chemical energy.
• Inner membranes are arranged in sacs called grana
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Vacuole
• Fluid filled sac used to temporarily store food, water, enzymes, and waste
• Singular and large in plant cells, small and numerous in animal cells
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Lysosomes
• Contains digestive enzymes which help them to digest excess or worn­out cell parts, food and invading viruses and bacteria
• Found mainly in animal cells
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Centrosomes &Centrioles
• Found in animal cells and some algae
• Small region of the cytoplasm that produces microtubules
• Contains small structures called centrioles
• Occur in pairs
• Made of microtubules
• Help with Cell Division
• Organize microtubules to form cilia and flagella
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Flagellum
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Made of microtubules
Aid in cell locomotion and feeding
Longer than cilia
Move with whip­like motion
Usually only has 1­2 flagellum
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Cilia
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Short numerous projections
Look like hairs Function like oars in a rowboat
Aid in cell locomotion and feeding
Found in Some Animal Cells
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