AnnuAl RepoRt 2014

F o r u m f o r D i a lo g u e
When Dialogue Happens, Change Happens
A n n u a l R e p o rt 2 0 1 4
When Dialogue Happens, Change Happens
It’s amazing how one family event can demonstrate the essence of the Forum’s work.
When Jake Wisnik was embracing the Torah scroll and reading from it in the renovated
synagogue of his grandfather’s hometown, this was not only first Bar Mitzvah in 75 years
to take place in this town. It was most likely the first time that most of the students of the
nearby Schools of Dialogue had met Jews. It was also the first time that many local activists
and Leaders of Dialogue had attended a Jewish religious ceremony. So, this was really not
simply an event of one Jewish family, it was an event for Forum’s family: Schools of Dialogue,
Leaders of Dialogue, Forum’s educators and staff members together with Polish Friends of the
Forum all gathered to joyfully celebrate with Jake.
Jake’s family lived there for centuries, and this heritage was overshadowed by the tragic
events of the 20th century. His parents, both of Polish/Jewish descent, decided to connect
with Poland once again, and go on a Forum study visit. A few months later, they were back
with their children, celebrating the Bar Mitzvah of their youngest son in heart of the country
that not long before none of them had planned to visit.
The Forum for Dialogue takes particular interest in what happens between people, not just
governments or institutions. We believe in dialogue because we have seen its impact, as
exemplified with the Wisnik family. We have seen how it touches deep feelings and resonates
in people’s souls.
Most importantly, at the Forum we are also focused on what is happening “in the field,” away
from the metropolises. Bringing Jake’s Bar Mitzvah not to Warsaw or Krakow, but to a smaller
town that once burst with Jewish life, shows clearly what we want to achieve. The change we
aim is not for the urban few, but across the country.
We are happy to share with you our achievements and we want to take this opportunity to
thank you for being our dedicated supporters who make this work possible.
Sincerely,
Andrzej Folwarczny, President, Forum for Dialogue
www.dialog.org.pl
Annual Report 2014
1
THE SCHOOL
OF DIALOGUE
This captures the essence of what we achieve through the School of Dialogue program.
We work with young people to educate them and make them care. We provide them
with knowledge and tools to change the reality around them. They write blogs and city
guides, clean cemeteries, organize concerts and commemoration ceremonies. The
students include in their actions their families, friends and neighbors.
In pouring rain, students from Bircza organized a memorial ceremony. After a
Sunday Mass, the local priest invited everyone in the church to join the students’ tour
of Bircza’s Jewish history (Jews being over 50 % of the pre-war population). With the
help of their parents, the students had prepared a memorial plaque for the place of the
Jews’ massacre and they unveiled it on that rainy Sunday afternoon. Earlier this year,
while taking part in the School of Dialogue program, they had learned about the mass
murder conducted by the Nazis. The massacre site was abandoned. Our 15-year-old
students decided they had to do something about it.
2
Forum for Dialogue
School of Dialogue is growing in size and structure as a model of helping middle
school and high school students all over Poland to appreciate and embrace the Jewish
history of their town. The School of Dialogue is an educational program designed by
Forum for Dialogue that has been implemented since 2008. Since 2011, the Minister
of National Education has taken honorary patronage over the project, proof of its
national significance and the importance of the problems it addresses. In 2014,
students from 41 middle and high schools from all over Poland rediscovered the
forgotten Jewish history of their towns. Among places School of Dialogue influenced
were: Biłgoraj, Bircza, Bytom, Chrzanów, Dąbrowa Tarnowska, Głogów, Góra,
www.dialog.org.pl
Annual Report 2014
3
“
I would never have guessed
that there could be so many
monuments and places
related to the Jewish history
of my hometown.
”
Participant of the School of
Dialogue Workshop, Olkusz
Educators active in 2014
“
I never realized that there
were so many Jews in
Wyszogród. During the
workshop I’ve learned there
are numerous pictures and
a great deal of information
documenting their history
and from now on I hope to
enhance my knowledge on
this subject.
”
Participant of the School of
Dialogue Workshop, Wyszogród
4
Forum for Dialogue
Hrubieszów, Izbica, Kłobuck, Krasnosielc, Krzepice, Limanowa, Lubasz, Mława,
Nasielsk, Oborniki, Olkusz, Ożarów, Pruszków, Radzymin, Siedlce, Sieradz, Sobków,
Warszawa, Wieliczka, Wieruszów, Wiżajny, Włocławek, Wyszogród, Zabłudów,
Zagórów, Zamość and Zbąszyń.
“What is the most remarkable is that you, students, educate your families, friends,
neighbors, by telling them the history of Jews in your hometowns. You bring up
history, that was lost in many places.” U.S. Ambassador to Poland Stephen Mull said
during the School of Dialogue Gala. Truly, in just one year the School of Dialogue has
directly affected the lives of over 1200 students. Most of them attended the program’s
closing gala held in Warsaw’s Polish National Opera. But these 1200 students are just
the beginning, as around each of them is a widening circle of people who come to
learn about their Jewish past.
Forum’s Educators:
The School of Dialogue program would not exist without the educators. They have to
be highly knowledgable in order to go to the farthest ends of the country and initiate
discussions about Polish/Jewish history and relations. Forum’s educators include
Jewish studies alumni and students, members of the Polish/Jewish community, and –
what pleases us tremendously – some former participants of the School of Dialogue.
All of them are tremendously dedicated, as they inspire interest and excitement in the
School of Dialogue participants.
www.dialog.org.pl
Anna Bakuła
Ewelina Bartosik
Katarzyna
Czajkowska-Łukasiewicz
Anna Desponds
Adam Gąsecki
Anna Geller
Olga Głowacka
Beata Godlewska
Jagoda Jabłońska
Agata Jaworska
Agata Jujeczka
Karolina Kochanowska
Małgorzata Kruszewska
Aneta Kulińska
Marcin Mitzner
Stanisław Niemojewski
Katarzyna Niewczas
Małgorzata Nowicka
Magdalena Ogieniewska
Yulia Oreshina
Maria Pawlak
Katarzyna Pietrzak
Weronika Romanik
Sonia Ruszkowska
Barbara Sieradz
Paulina Sobieszuk
Anna Szyba
Marta Usiekniewicz
Agnieszka Witkowska-Krych
Hanna Zielińska
Jarosław Ziółkowski
Annual Report 2014
5
I owe everything I do in my life now – as a historian, museologist
and a volunteer caretaker of heritage sites - to my leap over
a Jewish cemetery wall during a romantic walk I took once with my
girlfriend. The year was 1987 and I was 18. I discovered a Jewish
Atlantis. That was when I began working to salvage the forgotten
cemetery of Zabrze’s Jewish residents. I am its guardian.
D a r iu s z W ale r ja ń s k i , Leader of Dialogue from Zabrze
LEADERS OF DIALOGUE
conference was organized with the financial support of the United States Diplomatic
Mission to Poland and the Australian Embassy in Poland and in partnership with
Senate of the Republic of Poland.
The Leaders of Dialogue conference opening night featured a number of speakers who
offered both personal stories and praise for the work of the activists and educators
attending. Jan Wyrowiński, the Senate speaker, began the evening, followed by the
deputy ombudsman Ryszard Czerniawski, and Shmuel Afek, a teacher from the United
States who participated in a Forum for Dialogue study trip to Poland in conjunction
with Facing History and Ourselves.
We continuously meet people who devote themselves to preserving Jewish
heritage. They are independent, self-elected guardians of Jewish memory in their
towns. To strengthen and support people like Dariusz, Forum for Dialogue has
launched the Leaders of Dialogue program.
At the end of June 2014, we had the privilege of opening our second Leaders of
Dialogue Conference in the halls of the Polish Senate. Dedicated to the memory
of Sherry Levy-Reiner, one of the most loyal and involved of Forum’s friends, the
6
Forum for Dialogue
The approximately 30 participants of the Leaders of Dialogue Conference included
teachers, government authorities, local historians, archivists, and representatives
from cultural institutions and memorial sites. Throughout the two days, participants
exchanged their experiences, learned practical skills (e.g. crowdfunding), and
planned their next steps. Guests of the Forum also attended a number of lectures
connected to Polish/Jewish relations. On Saturday evening, the Leaders of Dialogue
celebrated Havdalah, the ceremony marking the end of Shabbat, at the Jewish
Community Center in Warsaw.
We want this group to expand into a community to serve not just as a source of
support, but also as a network for finding project partners and a forum for bestpractice exchanges. It will be a chance for the people who share similar interests to
meet and form a creative space to address the challenges of protecting and reviving
the memory of Polish/Jewish life.
www.dialog.org.pl
Annual Report 2014
7
Forum for Dialogue takes particular interest in what is happening “in the
field,” away from the metropolises, as well as in what happens between people, not
just governments or institutions. It is this aspect of the Polish/Jewish transformation
that we presented through our outdoor exhibition, which was presented in the
adjacent park during the opening of POLIN-Museum of the History of Polish Jews.
Thanks to the support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland
exhibition was available for public for over a month (October 28-December 8,
2014) and was seen by thousands of visitors. Moreover, the exhibition’s website,
www.25yearsindialogue.pl, makes it continuously accessible to the growing group of
people interested in this subject.
25 YEARS
IN DIALOGUE
– AN OUTDOOR EXHIBITION
8
Forum for Dialogue
The past 25 years have been a time of political, economic, and social change in Poland.
During this time, Polish/Jewish relations have undergone transformations alongside
those taking place across the country. In 1989, almost half a century after the
Holocaust and after decades of Communism, the newly-democratic Poland inherited
closed borders, a lack of diplomatic relations with Israel and an inability to hold
a public discussion on any topic related to the history of Polish Jews.
Poland today is a completely different country. And Polish/Jewish relations are
completely different as well. Diplomatic ties with Israel have been established,
Polish/Jewish dialogue has become common, and there is a growing awareness of the
country’s Jewish heritage and the important role it has played in Polish history. These
changes have not only taken place in large cities, but everywhere in Poland. There
is still much to do, but momentum is building as many people are willing to be the
doers. Their widespread accomplishments to date deserve to be acknowledged.
www.dialog.org.pl
Annual Report 2014
9
I seriously believe the trip has re-opened my personal relationship
with Poland and has made me reflect deeply on my family history.
A s af Za m i r , D e p u t y M a y o r o f Te l A v i v -Ya f o , I s r a e l
I have always thought of myself as Jewish and American, of course. I was
Forum for Dialogue continues the study visit program for Jewish leaders, so as
to foster open and frank dialogue, which is the basis for strong relationships. Jewish
ties with Poland were ruptured in the Holocaust but their traces remain in memories
and family stories. Confronting those stories in contemporary Poland, seeing how
the country is changing and facing its past, allows Jews of Polish descent to form new
bonds with the country their ancestors helped build. We believe that only through such
dialogue can we open a new chapter in Polish/Jewish relations.
surprised to experience such a deep and powerful connection to Poland
and now think of myself as a Polish Jew as well. H ilda C ha z ano v it z , Founder, Hilda Chazanovitz & Company, LLC, New York, NY
Forum’s Study Visits to Poland aim to introduce Jewish leaders to Polish and Jewish
thought-leaders in Poland, specifically individuals working to foster Polish/Jewish
dialogue, including academics, journalists, politicians, directors of Jewish institutions,
and artists. In this environment, they examine past and present Polish/Jewish relations,
which leads to building new bonds based on dialogue and mutual understanding.
Study TRIPS
In 2014, Forum hosted four study visits of Jewish leaders from the United States, Australia
and Israel thanks to the support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of
Poland. During week-long visits, the participants learned about Polish/Jewish history
and NGOs working on developing Polish/Jewish dialogue. They also visited sites of
significance for Polish and Jewish history, went sightseeing in Warsaw and Kraków, as well
as participated in a tour of the Auschwitz-Birkenau Memorial and Museum.
While the study visits provide an opportunity for Jewish leaders to learn about Polish/
Jewish relations, the trips additionally present the contours and complexities of
contemporary Poland. One of the key elements of each visit is a meeting with Polish
youth participants of the School of Dialogue program and some local Leaders of
Dialogue. In 2013, students from Nowy Targ, Sieradz, Radom and Wiskitki took the
study trip participants on tours of their towns, showing them places connected to
the communities’ Jewish pasts. Very personal and touching was also the encounter
with Narcyz Listkowski, a local leader from Rabka Zdrój, who showed an Israeli study
group around his town, and later hosted them in his home. Spending time with people
dedicated to learning and preserving the Jewish history of their towns is not only
a journey into the past, but a chance to build a common future.
10
Forum for Dialogue
www.dialog.org.pl
Annual Report 2014
11
I came on this trip to Poland with a mostly cynical attitude. Being
“thrown out of Poland” in 1968 as a five-year-old had become
the core of my identity. As I turned 50, I felt a need to repair my
relationship with Poland, and this trip helped tremendously. I saw
the new, free Poland, very different than my childhood memories.
After such a deep, emotional experience, I had my Polish citizenship
reinstated. Our family decided together to honor our 20 generations of
Jewish ancestors who lived in Poland by having our youngest son’s Bar
Mitzvah in Poland.
E v a W i s ni k , President, Wisnik Career Enterprises, Inc., New York, NY
returns:
THE FIRST BAR MITZVAH IN 75 YEARS
Returns to Poland, land of ancestors, are not
necessarily easy, sentimental trips. Is it possible for
the descendants of former inhabitants, now distant by
geography and memory, to meet and form some bond?
Over and over again, we see that it is. This is especially
true when Study Trip participants visit a School of
Dialogue in their ancestral hometown.
Eva and Robert, who attended a Study Trip to Poland
last year came to Poland with mixed feelings. Their
experience completely changed their outlook and
prompted them to organize their son’s Bar Mitzvah
celebration in Zamość, the place where Jake’s grandfather
was born.
12
Forum for Dialogue
It was the first Bar Mitzvah in Zamość in over 70 years. It took place in the “Synagogue”
Center of the Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Zamość - a beautiful
building that was renovated only a few years ago. After the celebration, students from
C.K. Norwid III High School, who participated in the School of Dialogue program,
guided the family and other guests on a special walking tour of the Jewish sites of
Zamość. “I feel I’m honored to offer to the Wisnik family this meaningful and emotional
experience,” said one of the students.
Since the School of Dialogue program transforms Polish middle and high school
students into experts on their towns’ Polish/Jewish history, Forum works to harness
their knowledge and enthusiasm for additional endeavors. Meetings between
descendants of Jews who once lived in Polish towns and students participating in the
School of Dialogue program often prove to be the most important experience for the
visitors. This is why in 2014, Forum for Dialogue organized 15 meetings between foreign
visitors and students of Schools of Dialogue. Among others that took place in: Błonie,
Grójec, Mława, Nowy Targ, Nasielsk, Radom, Radzymin, Sieradz, Sierpc, Sokołów
Podlaski, Wiskitki, Sosnowiec and Zamość.
www.dialog.org.pl
Annual Report 2014
13
Forum’s guests visited a number of towns and cities associated with Jewish heritage
in Poland, including Warsaw, Lublin, Rzeszów, Tarnów, and Kraków. They also visited
Bełżec extermination camp, as well as Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp
in order to learn more about the history of the Holocaust. Yet, the Polish/Jewish
Exchange Program not only seeks to present AJC leaders with the tragic elements of
Polish/Jewish history. The trip also aims to provide participants with an opportunity
to connect with individuals currently engaging in Polish/Jewish dialogue and working
to preserve memory of Polish/Jewish heritage.
AJC-Forum’s Exchange program now has a large and dedicated group of Polish
alumni, and we therefore celebrate this special community each year with an alumni
event. Polish alumni of the Polish/Jewish Exchange Program not only gathered for
an annual reunion weekend, but also met with AJC Executive Director David Harris
during his visit to Poland to discuss current concerns for Polish/Jewish dialogue and
Jewish affairs in the today’s international environment. They also joined Forum’s
delegation for the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the Museum and Memorial
at the site of the former Bełżec Death Camp.
Additionally, as part of the the AJC Goldman Fellowship program, the Forum was able
to offer Hannah Morris a two-month internship position. Hannah – Northwestern
University alumni and student at the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown
University in Washington – proved to be an invaluable help to our staff. Each year,
Forum cherishes the presence of AJC Goldman Fellows as tangible proof of how the
AJC and Forum’s visions go hand-in-hand.
Partnership with the AJC
“
I leave this trip hopeful.
Poland looks and feels
completely different than
I anticipated and I’m
looking forward to being an
ambassador for both this
program and Polish/Jewish
relations in general upon
my return…I can feel the
openness, the friendliness,
the interest in Jewish studies
among many Poles, and it’s
been unexpectedly refreshing
and uplifting. I see the tragic
past…but absolutely no tragic
present nor future.
Polish/Jewish Exchange Program with American Jewish Committee
is Forum’s longest-tenured program and a unique collaboration between
non-governmental organizations. Each year a group of Polish leaders of public
opinion visits the United States and Forum hosts a delegation of AJC board members
in Poland.
In July 2014, twelve board members from the AJC in Long Island, Los Angeles, and
Westchester, NY visited Poland as part of this program thanks to the support from
the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland. During their weeklong stay,
14
Forum for Dialogue
”
Erin Davis, Founder and CEO of
Shabbatness, New York, NY
www.dialog.org.pl
Annual Report 2014
15
Partnership
WITH FACING HISTORY
AND OURSELVES
Forum for Dialogue and Facing History and Ourselves started collaborating
only in 2013 but since then we have deepened our mutual understanding both on an
organizational and people-to-people (staff members-to-staff members) basis. Facing
History and Ourselves is an international non-profit organization that fights antiSemitism, racism and xenophobia by educating teachers and providing curriculum
that supports this mission. It is a perfect match for many of Forum’s activities.
Forum for Dialogue Foundation, in collaboration with the Chancellery of the
President of the Republic of Poland, hosted a special dinner for representatives of the
Facing History and Ourselves board at the Presidential Palace in Warsaw. The dinner
accompanied a discussion panel titled “Poland’s Transformation from Communism
to Democracy,” featuring Henryk Wujec, former Solidarity leader and the advisor of
16
Forum for Dialogue
the President of Poland Bronisław Komorowski, Michał Boni, a politician and former
dissident under communism; Aleksander Smolar, President of the Board of the Stefan
Batory Foundation; and Stephen Mull, Ambassador of the United States to Poland.
Forum also had the opportunity to show our friends and partners from Facing History
and Ourselves the fruits of the activities of the School of Dialogue while visiting five
towns participating in the School of Dialogue program, including Błonie, Grójec,
Radzymin, Sierpc and Sokołów Podlaski.
This flourishing relationship was strenghthened when, thanks to support of the
Polish Embassy in Washington and the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in July
2014 Forum had the privilege of hosting a group of 12 Jewish educators from Facing
History’s network. In addition to enjoying lectures on Polish/Jewish history during
a week-long stay in Poland, our guests from this new group had the opportunity to
visit the most significant Polish sites, as well as see places connected to the shared
Polish/Jewish past. However, two events proved to be the most meaningful for the
Facing History educators: meeting with students of the Pruszków High School and
encountering Forum’s leaders and educators.
www.dialog.org.pl
“
There are no shortcuts in
repairing a wound. History
doesn’t change overnight.
Understanding the ‘Other’
and learning to walk in
someone else’s shoes takes
work, openness and humility.
The experience this week
allowed me to become
a part of this important
process. Speaking with
scholars, our two group
leaders and professionals,
pulled us into the difficult
process of dialogue,
understanding and healing.
”
Shira Deener, Senior Program
Associate at Facing History and
Ourselves, Newton, MA
Annual Report 2014
17
A NETWORK
OF FRIENDS
Building bridges between people and restoring lost connections requires
a lot of time, effort and energy, nonetheless the principal objective of our work is to
create long-lasting bonds. To make it happen, we facilitate forming networks of the
alumni participants of Forum’s programs and their friends. Friends of the Forum in
the United States was established in 2007. It supports Forum for Dialogue’s activities
and helps in networking by hosting the Forum’s representatives during presentation
tours in the United States. Its members in New York, Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles,
Washington, San Francisco and other cities, contribute to fostering Polish/Jewish
relations from afar. The financial support of the Friends of the Forum members
enables Forum for Dialogue to run its numerous activities throughout Poland.
18
Forum for Dialogue
Przyjaciele Forum Dialogu is the Polish counterpart of the Friends of the Forum
that unites people in Poland who strongly identify with the Forum’s mission. It
is an informal group committed to supporting Forum’s programs, interested in
deepening of Polish/Jewish dialogue and broadening their knowledge about Polish/
Jewish relations. The group composed at first of the participants of the Polish/
Jewish Exchange Program has quickly inspired other people not involved with that
program to join the initiative. Like the Friends of the Forum in the States, members
of Przyjaciele Forum Dialogu became supporters of Polish/Jewish dialogue in Poland
and offer financial support to Forum for Dialogue. In 2014, a quite unique meeting
took place in the town of Błonie, not far from Warsaw, where Michael Rosenbaum,
founder of Friends of the Forum in the U.S., spent the weekend with Polish Friends of
the Forum. It was an opportunity to network and connect, as well as to learn about the
Forum’s newest activities and discuss ways of supporting them.
www.dialog.org.pl
Annual Report 2014
19
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IMPACT
“NY boy has Bar Mitzvah in Polish town his grandfather once
fled”, by Donald Snyder
“A land of ghosts”, by Michael Gawenda
Extract from an article published by the GoodWeekend, January 18, 2014
The kids had cleaned the tombstones and they had cleared the weeds from the paths.
A girl called Agata came and stood beside me and asked if I would like to light a
remembrance candle with her. She had a broad Polish face and a nice smile and perhaps
I was just imagining this, but it seemed that in that moment, we knew that we were both
connected to this place. We stood together in front of a moss-covered grave,
the lettering on the tombstone long faded.
S
andomierz is a beautiful little
town in south-eastern Poland surrounded by apple orchards and
verdant green fields. Once, before
the war, many of its inhabitants were Jews. As we
walked along the streets that were once Jewish
streets, this group of American and Australian Jews,
there were no signs, nothing at all, to suggest that the
Jews of Sandomierz had a history going back hundreds of years.
It was a bleak and cold late autumn day, but still
there were people on the streets. In the delicatessen,
I saw trays piled with an array of kielbasa – Polish
sausage – and on the counter what looked like jars
of pickled cucumbers, and I wondered for a moment whether the kielbasa and the cucumbers
would taste like the sausage and the cucumbers of
my Melbourne childhood.
The past sat in my heart like a stone. On the onceJewish streets of Sandomierz, in these well-kept
and pastel-coloured apartment buildings, lived
Poles. I wondered whether they knew what had
happened to the people who once lived here and,
if they did know, did the ghosts of the dead Jews
ever come to disturb their sleep?
I had not come to Poland to reclaim the past. The
past was settled. I had been to Poland in 1985 when
the communists were still in control. I came as a
journalist and I met Solidarity leaders and leaders of
the Polish democracy movement. Poland was alien.
I felt no connection with the place. There was nothing to suggest that this had once been the home of
millions of Jews, my parents included. I left knowing
I would never return.
This time, at the front doors of the high school, we
were greeted by the principal who ushered us into
the staffroom, where we were offered tea. On the
table were plates of Polish biscuits and small cakes. I
knew the taste of these biscuits and these cakes.
Outside the room, the students we had come to
see were waiting for us. They were holding posters
and folios stuffed with papers and some of them
were using their phones to take photos of us.
They were 16 and 17 years old and when they
stood together at the front of their classrooms, in
front of the portraits of Polish patriots who had
fought for Polish freedom from the Russian and
German occupiers who had divided Poland between
them for centuries, I wondered how their parents
and their grandparents, in particular, regarded the
long-vanished Jews of Sandomierz.
In groups of two or three, the kids held up posters.
On them were drawn maps of the streets where the
Jews of their town had once lived. Some of the posters were photographs of buildings that had once
been Jewish communal centres. Some of the kids
leafed through bound folios of typed interviews
with local people about the Jews of Sandomierz.
What did they know about the Jews? Did they know
what had happened to them?
These young people were full of a sort of defiant
and boisterous joy, the sort that comes from discovering something that had been hidden from you. Lots
of Jews had once lived here! Who were these people?
What’s a Jew anyway? And why did they leave?
Later, we walked with them through their town
and they took us to the new markers of Jewish life
I
Later, at the café where we ate local apples and the cakes the kids had baked
for us, Agata asked me how come I understood some Polish words. I told her
my parents had spoken Polish when I was a child and they didn’t want me to
understand what they were saying.
Past lives: (clockwise
from left) the author’s
parents (at right) on
their wedding day
in Lodz in 1925. Next
to his mother are his
aunt and uncle, who
were both murdered
during the Holocaust;
the umschlagplatz
in Warsaw, where
the Nazis assembled
Jews for transport
to the death camps;
an archive recording
the author’s father,
Chaskiel, in Lowicz.
had left poland in 1985 sure that i would never return,
but when the invitation came last year for me to come back for a
week-long forum in Poland on Polish-Jewish relations, I knew
almost immediately, without knowing why, that I would go.
I went with my history and with a sort of dread that I would
be forced to spend a week visiting graveyards and Holocaust monuments
and discussing the possibility of a dialogue between living Poles and
dead Polish Jews.
The Forum for Dialogue Among the Nations is a small organisation run
by a group of Poles in their 30s who for the past decade or so have been
working to get Poles and Jews of Polish origin talking to each other.
This is a quixotic dream, given the troubled and tortured post-war relationship between Poles and Jews. The Holocaust obliterated a thousand
years of Jewish history in Poland. For Jews, all that remained alive of that
history were the years of genocide during World War II. For Poles, not even
that was remembered.
For most Poles and most Jews, that has not changed. But there have
been changes since the demise of the communist regime. There are now
Jewish Studies departments in every major Polish university. There are
courses in the history of Polish Jewry, and every school offers Holocaust
studies. In Lodz, one of the courses offers Yiddish and Yiddish literature. It
is run by a Polish woman in her 30s who has studied all the major works
of Poland’s Yiddish writers.
In Warsaw and in Kraków and in Lodz, there are small but growing
Jewish communities. Synagogues have been reopened. In Warsaw, there’s a
new Jewish primary school of several hundred children. Half the children
are not Jewish, but all the children are taught Jewish history and they celebrate the Jewish religious festivals.
The Forum receives a small grant from the Polish foreign office and it has
received donations mainly from American Jews and from a couple of Jewish
philanthropic organisations for its work. It would be fair to say that it is not
a major recipient of Jewish support.
Yet those young Poles have managed to run the schools program and have
brought dozens of Jews from America and Israel – and a few from Australia
– to Poland for a week of school visits, discussions and lectures.
“Where did they come from?” she asked. I told her my mother was from Lodz
and my father from a small town called Lowicz.
A
landof
ghosts
THE SPECTRE OF THE
HOLOCAUST IS NEVER FAR
FROM MICHAEL GAWENDA’S
THOUGHTS AS HE TRAVELS
AROUND POLAND SEARCHING
FOR ITS JEWISH PAST.
By Donald Snyder
“So you are Polish,’’ she said.
Parents had never spoken to children about the Jews
of their town. Neither had their grandparents.”
We stood together in front of a moss-covered grave, the lettering on the
tombstone long faded.
Later, at the café where we ate local apples and the cakes the kids had
baked for us, Agata asked me how come I understood some Polish words. I
told her my parents had spoken Polish when I was a child and they didn’t
want me to understand what they were saying.
“Where did they come from?” she asked. I told her my mother was from
Lodz and my father from a small town called Lowicz.
“So you are Polish,’’ she said.
I didn’t know what to say. My parents, whose families lived in Poland for
many generations, did not consider themselves to be Polish. For them,
Poland was no more than a place of death. It was not just the years of genocide that had embittered them, though those years had coloured – and yes,
distorted – their view of Poles and Polish anti-Semitism.
“I guess I am Polish in a way,’’ I said. “Do you think I am Polish?’’ I asked.
“Of course,” she said, and smiled.
In schools across Poland, hundreds of kids are working on projects like
the one in Sandomierz. I wondered what would last from these discoveries
for these children who once had no inkling that Jews had lived in their
towns. Their parents had never spoken to them about the Jews of their
town. Neither had their grandparents. The communist regime had been
determined to rid Poles of any memory of the country’s Jews.
But as I travelled on in Poland, with the kids of Sandomierz somehow
accompanying me, I thought that the past cannot be undone but perhaps it
can be reclaimed.
I didn’t know what to say. My parents, whose families lived in Poland for many
generations, did not consider themselves to be Polish. For them, Poland was
no more than a place of death. It was not just the years of genocide that had
embittered them, though those years had coloured - and yes, distorted - their
view of Poles and Polish anti-Semitism.
154
245
80
Published July 28, 2014
FoxNews.com
“Jake, you are the newest link in the unbroken chain of Jewish tradition through
three thousand years, from Moshe (Moses) to this day,” the rabbi said. And Jacob
was linked to his grandfather in this chain. Jacob’s father, Robert, noted that all
the family ancestors were from Poland where Jews lived for a thousand years.
...In 2013, the Forum invited Jacob’s parents to Poland. The Wisniks came away
with an appreciation of Poland’s Jewish past. Their experience influenced the
decision to have Jacob’s Bar Mitzvah in Zamosc. ...Proud of his roots in this
history, Jacob looked to the future with optimism. “Perhaps my Bar Mitzvah is
the first of many more in Zamosc,” he said.
National
Zamosc Synagogue in Poland had not hosted a Jewish ceremony in more than 75 years, until New Yorker Jacob Wisnik traveled to his grandfather's hometown for his Bar
Mitzvah.
ZAMOSC, Poland – There hadn’t been a Jewish service in the Zamosc Synagogue since before the Holocaust, until
earlier this month when a 13-year-old New York boy came to the city his grandfather fled in 1935 to celebrate his Bar
Mitzvah - and honor the struggle of his family.
“My grandfather, Abram Szlak, who was born in this town, would have become a Bar Mitzvah in this very synagogue if not
for World War II,” said Jacob Wisnik, a youth with a ready smile who writes guitar music and poetry.
Jacob’s maternal grandfather, born in 1935, escaped the Nazis as a small child when his family fled to the Soviet Union, as
did approximately half the 12,000 Jews then living in Zamosc, located 154 miles east of Warsaw near the Ukrainian border.
The Nazis murdered those who remained.
1z4
2014-07-30 11:30
Jake Wisnik’s Bar Mitzvah, became news in numerous Polish media. The
main national dailies such as Gazeta Wyborcza and Dziennik Wschodni
described the celebrations in Zamość. Jewish.org, the biggest internet portal
devoted to the contemporary Jewish life and culture in Poland also mentioned
the ceremony as did local dailies in Zamość and the Public Television
Channel in Lublin.
In the majority of places reached by the School of Dialogue, the program
becomes news. The students of Middle School in Mława were interviewed by
the reporters of Kurier Mazowiecki, a local TV news program. The School
of Dialogue Gala, celebrated January 9th in The National Opera & Theater
in Warsaw was also the subject of articles in local media. The municipal
website of the town of Grójec published an article devoted to the Students of
a local Middle School participating in Forum’s workshop and
rewarded during the Gala.
Tu nie grodbyła
yzą.Bar
mi
cw amicwa
w Zamości
u
Pierwsze takie wydarzenie po II wojnie światowej. W zamojskiej synagodze
się
bar
- Telewizja
Polska SA
30.7.2014
http://w yborcza.pl/magazyn/1,139525,16309348,Tu_nie_gryza__Bar_..
Abonament O TVP Centrum prasowe Dostępność
W yborcza.pl
TVP.INFO
KULTURA
SPORT
ROZRYWKA
NASZE ANTENY
Zaloguj się
Prenum erata cyfrow a W yborczej Pierwszy miesiąc za 0,99 zł W ypróbuj Zaloguj się
“I guess I am Polish in a way,’’ I said. “Do you think I am Polish?’’ I asked.
/
Wcześniejsze numery
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Szczecin
strona główna » lublin » aktualności » kultura
14 GoodWeekend JANUARY 18, 2014
NY boy has Bar Mitzvah in Polish town his grandfather once
fled
Extract from an article published by FoxNews.com, July 28, 2014
International
in Sandomierz that I had thought did not exist. They stood in the rain
to show us the places they had marked on their maps where the Jews had
once lived.
They took me, these boys and girls unburdened by guilt or shame, to
the archives office, where they had searched out the names of the Jews of
their town. This building had once been the synagogue of Sandomierz
and on the walls were what I thought were psalms in faded Hebrew
lettering. The kids took photographs on their phones and when perhaps
I looked too grim, a boy asked me to smile and I did smile and the stone
in my heart felt smaller.
The rain came down harder on the walk to the little Jewish cemetery.
The graves were cracked and dirty grey, and in the centre of the cemetery
there stood a sort of monument shaped like a pyramid that was constructed
of old tombstones.
The kids had cleaned the tombstones and they had cleared the weeds
from the paths. A girl called Agata came and stood beside me and asked if I
would like to light a remembrance candle with her. She had a broad Polish
face and a nice smile and perhaps I was just imagining this, but it seemed
that in that moment, we knew that we were both connected to this place.
WORLD
Wyborcza.biz
Sport.pl
Akcje społeczne
BIQdata
Więcej
Wyborcza.pl / Magazyn / 12 lipca 2014
internetowy teatr dla szkół | aktualności | patronaty | reklama | o tvp lublin | usługi | tvp stream | nasze programy
JANUARY 18, 2014 GoodWeekend 15
A
Piotr Kozłowski 11.07.2014 20:00
“Of course,” she said, and smiled.
… In schools across Poland, hundreds of kids are working on projects like the one in
Sandomierz. I wondered what would last from these discoveries for these children who
once had no inkling that Jews had lived in their towns. Their parents had never spoken
to them about the Jews of their town. Neither had their grandparents. The communist
regime had been determined to rid Poles of any memory of the country’s Jews.
wszystkie
społeczne
gospodarka
sport
nauka i zdrowie
18:36, 03.07.2014
Fajne!
0
Lubię to! 817 osób lubi to. Bądź pierw szym(ą) w śród sw oich
znajomych.
0
W zamojskiej Synagodze odbyła się uroczysta bar micwa. W poczet pełnoprawnych
członków żydowskiej wspólnoty wyznaniowej wszedł Jake Wisnik - 13-latek z Nowego
Jorku. Jego dziadek pochodził z Zamościa. Rodzina postanowiła wrócić do korzeni.
Bar micwa to żydowska uroczystość podczas której 13-letni
chłopiec wchodzi w dorosłość i od tego czasu obowiązują go
wszystkie przykazania religijne. Jake Wisnik po raz pierwszy
publicznie przeczytał fragment Tory.
To pierwsza bar micwa w zamojskiej synagodze od czasów II
wojny światowej. To szczególne wydarzenie było możliwe
dzięki pomocy Fundacji Ochrony Dziedzictwa Żydowskiego.
Podziel się:
Więcej
(TVP Lublin)
A A
Najczęściej czytane
kultura
1 Przeciągany konkurs ministerstwa
zdrowia. Wreszcie może startować
Usłyszeć tradycję. Warsztaty instrumentalne i
wokalne pod Janowem Podlaskim
Przedstawiciele nowego cyrku w Lublinie. Trwa
Carnaval Sztuk-Mistrzów
Cyrk na ulicach Lublina. Ruszył Carnaval SztukMistrzów
Wypłakali pięć tysięcy. Skup łez w Lublinie
zamknięty
Czas na Carnaval. Rozpoczęło się święto
sztuki nowego cyrku
Kazimierskie święto kina. Trwają
przygotowania do Festiwalu Filmowego "Dwa
Brzegi"
2 Woda nie wyleczy cię z kaca
3 Polska pod pręgierzem za brak
solidarności wobec uchodźców
4 "Z ziemi włoskiej do Polski" - znacie to?
5 Rząd wkracza do akcji "złoty pociąg". W
Wałbrzychu sztab kryzysowy
6 Banksy pokazał szokujące dzieło. Ciała
imigrantów jak gwiazdki na adze UE
POLUB
Polecamy
Smakowanie Lublina. Węgierska Omega na
Europejskim Festiwalu Smaku
Fot. TOMASZ RYTYCH
Kraśnickie ślady Noblisty. Festiwal "Śladami
Dziadek chłopca - Abram Szlak urodził się w Zamościu w 1935
Singera"
roku. Właśnie w tej synagodze planowana była jego bar micwa.
Wojna sprawiła, że nie było to możliwe. Dlatego rodzina
więcej »
Zobacz zdjęcia (2)
zdecydowała, że bar micwa jego wnuka odbędzie się właśnie w
Zamościu. Po ceremonii rodzina zwiedziła Zamość oraz dawny
żydowski cmentarz na którym odnalazła grób swoich przodków.
Zobaczyłam ,że Polska w cale nie jesttaka,jak ją w idzim oja rodzina
(fot. TVP Lublin)
Forum for Dialogue
kryminalne
Pierwsze takie wydarzenie po II wojnie
światowej. W zamojskiej synagodze odbyła się
bar micwa
But as I travelled on in Poland, with the kids of Sandomierz somehow accompanying me,
I thought that the past cannot be undone but perhaps it can be reclaimed.
20
rozmaitości
Paul Krugman: Chiny na równi pochyłej,
bo sekretarze z Pekinu myślą, że
rynkom można rozkazywać jak
generałom
Artykuł otwarty w ramach bezpłatnego limitu prenumeraty cyfrowej
To ma być radosna uroczystość - mówi David Holz, rabin z Nowego Jorku.
Jest czwartek 3 lipca, południe. W zamojskiej synagodze rozpoczyna się bar
micwa. To jedna z najważniejszych żydowskich uroczystości. Za chwilę 13-letni
Od "Boję się pana" do "Życzę
Jacob Wisnik, syn Evy i Roberta, zgodnie z prawem Mojżeszowym
A n n ustanie
a l się
R e p o rpomyślności".
t 2 0 1 4 Czytelnicy Wyborczej
odpowiedzialny za swoje czyny.
odpowiadają na list prezydenta Dudy
www.dialog.org.pl
Jacob, ubrany w popielaty garnitur i różowy krawat, zaczyna czytać fragment
Księgi Liczb z Tory: "Gdy Balaam spostrzegł, że dobre jest w oczach Pana
błogosławienie Izraela, nie odszedł wcale, jak przedtem, aby szukać wróżb, lecz
twarz obrócił ku pustyni. Gdy więc podniósł oczy i zobaczył Izraela rozłożonego
21
Major Contributors
Benefactors of Dialogue
Contributors to Forum’s general fund of
$50,000 or more over the past five years
Alyse Mason Brill and Nathan Brill
Harvey Krueger Irene Pletka
Jill and Michael Rosenbaum
Forum Team
Andrzej Folwarczny, President
Founder and President of the Forum for Dialogue Foundation,
former member of the Polish Parliament and chairman of the
Polish-Israeli Parliamentary Group. Former Vice President
of the Israel-Poland Friendship Association. Co-editor of the
book Difficult Questions in Polish/Jewish Dialogue published in
collaboration with the American Jewish Committee.
Michał Bilewicz, PhD, Vice President
Social Psychologist, assistant professor at the Department of
Psychology of the University of Warsaw. Fulbright Scholar and
a visiting scholar at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish
Studies. Director of the Center for Research on Prejudice of
the University of Warsaw. His research focuses on issues of
prejudice, group conflict, anti-Semitism and dehumanization.
Zuzanna Radzik, Board Member
Theologian, graduate of the Pontifical Theological Faculty
in Warsaw and Hebrew University in Jerusalem. Primarily
interested in Christian-Jewish relations. She cooperates on
a regular basis with a Catholic weekly Tygodnik Powszechny,
where she made her debut with a controversial article,
“Basements Still Rotting” which led to the closing down of
an anti-Semitic bookshop in Warsaw.
Agnieszka Markiewicz, Program Director
Sociologist, graduate of Georgetown University and the
University of Warsaw, where she obtained her MA for the
thesis The Complex Identity of Poles with Jewish Origins. Prior to
her work at the Forum, she worked at the Adam Mickiewicz
Institute as a project manager and secretary of the “Polish
Year in Israel” project.
Olga Kaczmarek, PhD, Project Coordinator
Project Coordinator at Forum for Dialogue. She holds a PhD
in cultural studies and is a lecturer at the Institute of Polish
Culture at the University of Warsaw. She was a Fulbright
fellow at Penn State University. Before that, she wrote an MA
22
Forum for Dialogue
thesis on blood libel in Europe and Poland. She previously
co-operated with the Museum of the History of Polish Jews
on The Polish Righteous program and worked as Forum for
Dialogue’s educator.
Jakub Petelewicz, Director of Education
Historian. Co-founder, member and academic secretary of
the Polish Center for Holocaust Research at the Polish Academy
of Sciences. Managing editor of academic journal “Holocaust
Studies and Materials.” His research focuses on the Holocaust
and Polish/Jewish relation.
Monika Kozuń, Project Manager
Project manager and youth educator in human rights and
global development. Prior to her work at the Forum, she
collaborated with Humanity in Action Foundation and the
Polish Humanitarian Organization. Within the HIA Grassroots
Activism Fellowship, she worked for the Jewish Community
Relations Council in San Francisco, USA.
Ola Tomaszewska, Coordinator of the School of Dialogue program
Graduate of Institute of Polish Culture of the University
of Warsaw with a major in culture management. Intern at
the Stefan Batory Foundation in an international cultural
exchange project “Arts & Culture Network Program”.
Previously, she also worked at “Foundation ABCXXI – All of
Poland Reads to Kids” where, among others, she coordinated
an e-learning platform for teachers - Internet University of
Wise Education.
Marta Rauk, Program Assistant
Graduated in clinical psychology from the University of Social
Sciences and Humanities in Warsaw. She also completed
postgraduate studies in art history at Collegium Civitas in
Warsaw. She co-organized cultural projects with Puszka
Foundation, The Mazovia Region Center of Culture and Arts
and volunteered at the Museum of the History of Polish Jews.
Sustainers of Dialogue
Contributors to Forum’s general fund of
$20,000 – 49,999 over the past five years
Mickey and Martin Baumrind
Sigmund Rolat
Edith and Martin Stein
Nancy and Christopher Winship
Founders of Dialogue
Contributors to Forum’s general fund of
$5,000–19,999 over the past five years
Anonymous
Jerry Avorn and Karen Tucker
Julie and Roger Baskes
Ewa and Josef Blass
Nancy and Curt Civin
Alan Cohen and Robert Bank
Marilyn Cohen
Beatrice Crain
Sally Currier and Saul Pannell
Jonathan Dorfman
Robyn Dryen
Lori and Mark Fife
Debra and Harry Frischer
Cheryl Fishbein and Phil Schatten
Sheila and David Fuente
Grant Arthur Gochin
Phyllis Gould and Robert Potoker
Miriam Greenbaum
Sharon Grosfeld
Shirley and Henry Hackel
Lesley and Evan Heller
Frank Hornstein
Betsy and Paul Katz
Mindy and Irving Kempner
Rafał Kos
David Kurtz
Lisa Kranc
Emma and Henryk Kranz
Kenneth Krushel
Leslie and Bruce Lane
Nancy and Sidney Lejfer
Piotr Lewicki
Thomas Lewin
Patricia and Michael Levine
Stephanie and Michael Levy
Fred N. Reiner
Nancy Liebermann and Joe Godles
Lynne and Allan ReichLimanowa
Mary Slade
Sieradz
Eva and Bob Wisnik
Zamość
Fred Mardell
Barbara and Larry Margolis
Samantha Margolis
Trisha and Fred Margulies
Alan Metnick
Jerome Ostrov
Julie Persily and David Lefkowitz
Arturo C. Porzecanski
Ewa Radwanska
Lynne and Allan Reich
Michael Romano
Laurence V. Rutkovsky
Carol Saivetz
Winnie Sandler and Steven Grinspoon
Stacy and Ron Scheinberg
Karen Shapiro
Mary Slade
Teresa and Robert Silverstein
Wendy Stahl
Richard Sussman
Eva and Robert Wisnik
Elly and Dan Wolf
Institutional donors over
the past five years
Amtra Ltd.
Australian Embassy in Poland
Citizens for Democracy program, financed
through the EEA grants
City of Warsaw
Conference on Jewish Material Claims
Against Germany
Dutch Jewish Humanitarian Fund
Foundation for German-Polish Cooperation
Friends of the Forum
International Task Force for Holocaust
Education, Remembrance and Research
Koret Foundation
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of
Poland
Pratt Foundation
Rothschild Foundation Europe
Stefan Batory Foundation
Taube Foundation for Jewish Life & Culture
U.S. State Department
Warsaw Center for Educational and Social
Innovations and Trainings
Znak Publishing House
School of Dialogue
Supporters in 2014
Beatrice Crain
Sheila and David Fuente
Grant Arthur Gochin
Paulina Kieszkowska-Knapik,
Maciej Knapik, Paulina
and Łukasz Gasińscy
Izbica
Biłgoraj
Wiżajny
Krzepice
In-kind supporters
Agora SA
Apple Film
Chancellery of the Prime Minister of the
Republic of Poland
Czarne Publishing House
Czarna Owca Publishing House
Dr Gerard Sp. z o.o.
Fabryka Cukiernicza Kopernik S.A.
Ferrero Polska
Grupa KK Radom
International Film Festival “Jewish Motifs”
Israel Embassy in Warsaw
Jewish Historical Institute
Jewish Culture Festival in Krakow
Kultura Gniewu Publishing House
Literatura Publishing House
Mazowieckie Province Governor
Media Rodzina Publishing House
NVS Group
POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews
Polish Center for Holocaust Research of the
Polish Academy of Sciences
Prószyński i S-ka Publishing House
PWN SA Publishing House
REBIS Publishing House
RUCH S.A.
Senate of the Republic of Poland
Sokołów S.A.
Teatr Wielki – Polish National Opera
The Center for Yiddish Culture
WAM Publishing House
Znak Publishing House
We are grateful to the following
people who have contributed
their professional expertise
to our initiatives:
Donata Jończyk, graphic designer (multimedia
presentation)
Tomasz Kapliński, Kapliński Law Firm, legal
adviser
Rafał Kos, KKG Law Firm, legal adviser
Katarzyna Kuszyńska, Fundacja Dobrego
Odbioru, film producer
Andrzej Mochnacki, Andrzej Mochnacki Law
Firm, legal adviser
Michał Rutkowski, Tribal DDB, multimedia
presentation
Dan Wolf, Lone Wolf Writing Company,
Communications Counsel
Joanne Zamore, Zamore Design, graphic
designer
www.dialog.org.pl
Annual Report 2014
23
PROGRESSING IN DIALOGUE
■
Forum for Dialogue has already led 310 Jewish leaders from U.S., Canada
Australia, United Kingdom and Israel through the discovery of contemporary
Poland.
■
Thanks to School of Dialogue, more than 1000 students every year learn about
the forgotten Jewish history of their own towns.
■
School of Dialogue has been conducted in 200 schools in more than 130 towns,
resulting in 2014 in 40 interdisciplinary, original students’ commemorative projects.
■
Over 30 local activists from all over Poland have participated in the Leaders of
Dialogue program which launched in 2013.
■
Forum for Dialogue works with a constantly growing number of Polish opinion
leaders, local activists and students who are supporting Polish/Jewish dialogue.
■
The Friends of the Forum organization is active in Boston, Chicago, New York,
Los Angeles, San Francisco and Washington.
Forum for Dialogue
The Forum for Dialogue Foundation is a nonprofit Polish organization whose mission is to
foster Polish/Jewish dialogue, eradicate antiSemitism, and teach tolerance through education.
The Forum fulfills its mission through educational
programs, seminars, publications, exhibitions,
and exchange programs targeted at Polish and
Jewish youth and leaders.
Increasing numbers of representatives of Jewish community from all over the
world visit with Forum for Dialogue former Shtetls and meet with graduates from
School of Dialogue program.
Board
■
Andrzej Folwarczny, President
Michał Bilewicz, Vice President
Zuzanna Radzik, Board Member B A L A N C E S H EET
as of December 31,2014 and December 31,2013
Assets
2014
Fixed assets
0
15,069
Current assets
432,809
180,515
405,484
144,578
407
1,801
433,216
197,385
Cash at year end
Short-term prepayments
Total Assets
2013
Foundation Council
Henryk Wujec, Chairman
Roman Kraczla
Andrzej Mochnacki
Jarosław Nowakowski
Michał Pastuszka
Support Forum
You can help to expand and sustain Forum’s activities
and programs through your financial support of
Friends of the Forum, a U.S.-based 501(c)(3)
nonprofit. Donations can be made:
online
at www.friendsoftheforum.org
By check or money order to:
Friends of the Forum
c/o Michael Rosenbaum
501 N. Clinton, Suite 903
Chicago, IL 60654
To transfer securities:
please contact
[email protected]
F o r m o r e i n f o r m at i o n:
please visit
www.friendsoftheforum.org
Liabilities and Net Equity
Liabilities and provisions for liabilities
Total Liabilities and Net Equity
I N C O M E S TATE M ENT 348,348
190,776
84,868
6,609
433,216
197,385
www.dialog.org.pl
20142013
Revenues
1,357,901
1,071,316
Expenses
1,200,328
981,427
157,573
89,889
Net surplus/deficit
Results in Polish Zlotys
24
Forum for Dialogue
Designed by Zamore Design
Equity (Retained surplus)
B. Cukier, Z. Furgał, A. Geller, A. Jaworska, K. Kuszyńska, M. Mitzner, M. Nowicka, M. Ogieniewska,
J. Petelewicz, K. Pietrzak W. Romanik, S. Ruszkowska, D. Ryski, M. Śmiarowski
Photo Credits : www.dialog.org.pl