Mahahual Expedition Report

Marine Conservation, Mahahual
Quintana Roo, Mexico
Expedition Report
January 14th to March 25th 2005
Working in collaboration with
• Amigos de Sian Ka’an (ASK) and
• Universidad de Quintana Roo’s (UQROO)
Programa de Manejo Integrado de Recursos
Costeros (MIRC)
by Lee Munson
Table of Contents
1
Acknowledgements ............................................. 1
2
Introduction ....................................................... 3
3
Science Programme ............................................ 5
3.1 Synoptic Monitoring Programme ......................... 5
Methodology ..........................................................................5
Results................................................................................ 12
Future work ......................................................................... 19
3.2
Turtle Sightings Programme............................. 21
Methodology ........................................................................ 21
Results................................................................................ 21
Future Work
22
Turtle Nesting Programme ..................................................... 22
4
Community Work Programme ............................. 25
4.1 English Language Programme for Adults ............ 25
4.2 Environmental Awareness Programme ............... 26
Environmental Education for Children in English ....................... 27
Beach Cleans ....................................................................... 28
Other Programmes and Activities............................................ 29
5
Other Activities
.
5.1 Solid Waste Management ....................................
6
Conclusions...................................................... 31
Appendix 1: Coral Species List ................................... 32
Appendix 2: Fish Species List..................................... 34
Appendix 3: Data CD................................................ 38
1 Acknowledgements
The expedition ran from the 14th January to 25th March 2005, with 4
Staff Members and 16 Expedition Members (EMs). The Expedition
Members included Global Vision International’s (GVI) second
participant in their National Scholarship Programme, Adriana Lucia
Romero.
Alejandro Polo
Santabárbara
Baruch Figueroa –
Zavala
Lee Munson
Libby Bowles
Shane Errington
Verena Uyka
Jonathan Dryer
Penn Bowers
Nicky Pert
George Wilson
Joanne Loman
Toby Pellew
John Richardson
Daniel Ham
Zachary Furman
Adriana Lucia Romero
Expedition Manager and Head of Science
Community Work Officer
Science Officer and Dive Officer
Community Work Officer
Expedition Member (1st half)
Expedition Member (1st half)
Expedition Member (2nd half)
Expedition Member (2nd half)
Expedition Member (2nd half)
Expedition Member (2nd half)
Expedition Member
Expedition Member
Expedition Member
Expedition Member
Expedition Member
Expedition Member (1st half)
We also would like to mention, Holly simmons, Dionne Biddie,
Saskia Aucott, Jessica Ellis which came from GVI’s Pez Maya Base to
collaborate with us for a week.
This team had a wide range of skills which made the successful
completion of the fourth expedition possible and came from
different countries and backgrounds. GVI Mahahual would like to
thank all the EMs from this expedition and hope that they will foster
a continued interest in the sustainable development and
conservation of Mahahual’s resources, through access of the GVI
website (www.gvi.co.uk) and other sources.
Page 1
GVI Mahahual would like to thank members of their partner
organisations who have helped out during this expedition, who
include:
Gonzalo Merediz Alonso, Carlos Lopez, Rosa Maria Loreto Viruel,
Irene Ku Doporto and Francisco Chimal Chan of ASK
Ricardo Torres Lara, María Angélica Vera and Orlando Iglesias
Barron of UQROO
Finally Andrew Woods-Ballard (Project Director, GVI Mexico),
Charley Rix (Science Director, GVI Mexico), Cinnamon Andrews
(Regional Director, GVI Mexico), Steve Gwenin (Director of
programmes, GVI Head Office) and members of the head office
team of GVI for their work behind the scenes.
Page 2
2 Introduction
The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) extends from Isla
Contoy on the North of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, to the Bay
Islands of Honduras through Belize and Guatemala and is the
second largest barrier reef in the world.
The GVI Marine Programme within Mexico has been extremely
successful with the set up and running of its first base, Pez Maya, in
the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve in 2003. Using divers with
appropriate training the GVI base at Pez Maya, in association with
their partners ASK and Comisión Nacional de Áreas Naturales
Protegidas (CONANP), has demonstrated how Mexico can benefit
from GVI’s work. The data provided by large numbers of suitably
trained researchers will be extremely useful for the decision makers
for effective coastal zone management. We are able to prove this
fact already as Mahahual is going through the process of creating a
marine zoned area to go forward in sustainable development of the
area.
The collaboration between UQROO, ASK and GVI in Mahahual was
finalised between January and April 2004 with the first expedition
starting in April 2004, the second expedition on 28th June 2004, the
third expedition of 2004 on 27th September and the fourth and last
expedition was from 14th January 2005.
GVI Mahahual’s primary aims for this fourth expedition included
1. Continued monitoring of strategic sites along the coast.
2. Training the Expedition Members in the MBRS methodology
including fish, hard coral, and algae identification.
3. Continuing the MBRS Synoptic Monitoring Programme (SMP)
for the selected sites within the Mahahual region to provide
regional decision makers with up to date information on the
ecological condition of the reef.
4. Start collecting physical parameters data such as Water
temperature, turbidity (Secchi disk), Salinity and weather
state to name a few.
5. Providing important English lessons and environmental
education opportunities for the local community.
6. Liaise with local partners to develop a successful and feasible
programme of research for the ECM in collaboration with GVI
into the future.
Page 3
7. Continue adding to a coral and fish species list that will
expand over time into a comprehensive guide for the region.
8. Continuation of the National Scholarship Programme, whereby
GVI Mahahual accepts a suitable Mexican national on to the
expedition for training and field experience.
9. To assist the local community to create and develop new
environmental management strategies, as we actively
collaborate to emphasise GVI Mahahual´s proposal for marine
zonification.
Page 4
3 Science Programme
3.1 Synoptic Monitoring Programme
Methodology
The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System Synoptic Monitoring
Programme methodology was continued in this expedition at the
ECM. The 6 sites that were monitored in the past expeditions were
surveyed in this expedition in addition to two more sites. At each
site 3 different depths were monitored: 5m, 10m, and 20m.
The sites that were monitored during this expedition were chosen
through discussions with ASK, the Programa de Manejo Integrado
de Recursos Costeros (MIRC, part of UQROO), local fishermen and
local tour operators and situated directly opposite current or
potential development.
Table 1 gives the name, depth and GPS points of the monitoring
sites. The sites in blue were unable to be completed this expedition
due to excessive current.
Page 5
Name
Id
Faro Viejo
FV 05
FV 10
FV 20
DB 05
DB 10
LE 05
LE 10
LE 20
Dolphin Bay *
Los Escalones
Las Llamaradas
Bucaneros
Los Preciosos
Cañones
Piratas del Caribe
Paytocal
Rio Bermejo
LL 05
LL 10
LL 20
BUC 05
BUC 10
BUC 20
LPC 05
LPC 10
LPC 20
PDC 05
Depth
5m
10m
20m
5m
10m
5m
10m
20m
5m
10m
20m
5m
10m
20m
5m
10m
20m
5m
PDC 10
10m
PDC 20
PAY 05
PAY 10
PAY 20
RB 05
RB 10
RB 20
20m
5m
10m
20m
5m
10m
20m
Longitude
Latitude
Technique
087º40'42.9''W
087º40'37.0''W
087º40'27.6''W
087°41'53.8''W
087°41'48.1''W
087º42'03.8''W
087º41'57.8''W
087º41'51.6''W
087°42'24.4''W
087°42'20.5''W
087°42'14.0''W
087°42'43.8''W
087º42'37.6''W
087º42'33.5''W
087º43'09.4''W
087º42'59.3''W
087º42'56.1''W
087°43'01.9''W
087°42'55.6''W
087°42'51.0''W
087º43'19.5''W
087º43'11.5''W
087º43'07.6''W
087º42'50.7''W
087º42'45.1''W
087º42'40.5''W
18º44'30.1''N
18º44'28.9''N
18º44'28.1''N
18°43'24.3''N
18°43'23.9''N
18º43'09.2''N
18º43'07.9''N
18º43'07.9''N
18°42'22.8''N
18°42'22.2''N
18°42'21.2''N
18°41'11.3''N
18º41'11.8''N
18º41'10.0''N
18º39'32.1''N
18º39'31.6''N
18º39'32.1''N
18°39'59.3''N
18°39'59.5''N
18°39'59.3''N
18º38'01.7''N
18º38'01.1''N
18º38'02.5''N
18º40'48.5''N
18º40'48.8''N
18º40'47.8''N
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
SMP
*Dolphin Bay situated at Punta Chacchi
Table 1 showing the name, depth and GPS points of the permanent
monitoring sites for the GVI Mahahual programme.
The GPS points are recorded here in NAD 27 Mexico.
The methods employed for the underwater visual census work are
those outlined in the MBRS manual (Almada-Villela et al., 2003),
but to summarise GVI use three separate methods for buddy pairs.
Buddy method 1: Surveys of corals, algae and other sessile
organisms
At each monitoring site 5 replicate 30m transects lines were
deployed randomly within 100m of the GPS point. The transect line
was laid across the reef surface at a constant depth, usually
perpendicular to the reef slope.
The buddy pair surveyed the coral with one diver measuring the
percentage cover of sessile organisms and substrate along the 30m
transect, recording the nature of the substrate or organism directly
below every 25cm point along the transect.
Organisms were
classified into the following groups:
Page 6
1. Coralline algae: crusts or finely branched algae that are hard
(calcareous) and extend no more than 2cm above the
substratum
2. Turf algae: may look fleshy and/or filamentous but do not
rise more than 1cm above the substrate
3. Macroalgae: include fleshy algae whose fronds are projected
more than 1cm above the substrate. Three of these were
further classified into additional groups which included
Halimeda, Dictyota, and Lobophora
4. Sponges
5. Gorgonians
6. Stony corals: specific species
7. Bare rock, sand and rubble
The second diver of this buddy pair collected data on the
characterisation of the coral community under the transect. This
involved swimming along the transect line and identifying to species
level each coral directly under the transect at least 10cm at its
widest point and in the original growth position. If a colony had
been knocked over or fallen they were only recorded if they had
become reattached to the substratum. In addition to identifying the
coral to species level the diver also recorded
1. The water depth at the top of the corals, at the beginning and
end of each transect. In cases where bottom topography was
very irregular, or the size of the individual corals was very
variable, water depth was recorded at the top of each coral
beneath the transect line at any major change in depth
(greater than 1m).
2. The colony boundaries were identified based on connective or
common skeleton. Using a measuring device, the colonies
projected diameter (live plus dead areas) in plan view and
maximum height (live plus dead areas) from the base of the
colonies substratum were measured.
3. The percentage of coral that was not healthy (old death plus
recent death) was also estimated.
Page 7
The second diver was also responsible for noting down any diseases
and /or bleached tissue present. The diseases were characterised
using the following nine categories:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Black band disease
White band disease
White plague
Yellow blotch disease
Dark spot disease
Red band disease
Aspergillosis
Hyperplasm and Neoplasm (irregular growths)
Unknown
Bleaching and disease was characterised as a percentage. We
should make clear hear, that the main variable studied here was the
overall percentage of healthy coral communities. Diseases and
bleaching where factors in side this unique variable.
Buddy method 2: Belt transect counts for coral reef fish
At each monitoring site 8 replicate 30m transects lines were
deployed randomly within 100m of the GPS point. The transect line
was laid just above the reef surface in a straight line along the
depth contours.
The first diver was responsible for swimming slowly along the
transect line identifying, counting and estimating the sizes of
specific fish species (Table 2). The diver visually estimated a two
meter wide belt and carried a one meter T-bar divided into 10cm
graduations to aid the accuracy of the size estimation of the fish
identified. The fish were assigned to the following size categories
(<5cm, 5-10cm, 10-20cm, 20-30cm, 30-40cm, >40cm).
Scientific Name
Common Name
Acanthurus coeruleus,
Acanthurus bahianus,
Acanthurus chirurgus,
Chaetodon striatus,
Chaetodon capistratus,
Chaetodon ocellatus,
Chaetodon aculeatus,
Haemulon flavolineatum
Haemulon striatum
Haemulon plumierii
Haemulon sciurus
Haemulon carbonarium
Blue Tang
Ocean Surgeonfish
Doctorfish
Banded Butterflyfish
Four Eye Butterflyfish
Spotfin Butterflyfish
Longsnout Butterflyfish
French Grunt
Striped Grunt
White Grunt
Bluestriped Grunt
Caesar Grunt
Page 8
Haemulon aurolineatum
Haemulon melanurum
Haemulon macrostomum
Haemulon parra
Haemulon album
Anisotremus virginicus
Anisotremus surinamensis
Lutjanus analis
Lutjanus griseus
Lutjanus cyanopterus
Lutjanus jocu
Lutjanus mahogoni
Lutjanus apodus
Lutjanus synagris
Ocyurus chrysurus
Holacanthus ciliaris
Pomacanthus paru
Pomacanthus arcuatus
Holacanthus tricolour
Scarus coeruleus
Scarus coelestinus
Scarus guacamaia
Scarus vetula
Sparisoma viride
Scarus taeniopterus
Scarus iserti
Sparisoma aurofrenatum
Sparisoma chrysopterum
Sparisoma rubripinne
Sparisoma atomarium
Sparisoma radians
Epinephelus itajara
Epinephelus striatus
Mycteroperca venenosa
Mycteroperca bonaci
Mycteroperca tigris
Mycteroperca interstitialis
Epinephelus guttatus
Epinephelus adscensionis
Cephalopholis cruentatus
Cephalopholis fulvus
Balistes vetula
Balistes capriscus
Melichthys niger
Aluterus scriptus
Cantherhines pullus
Cantherhines macrocerus
Bodianus rufus
Lachnolaimus maximus
Caranx rubber
Microspathodon chrysurus
Sphyraena barracuda
Tomtate
Cottonwick
Spanish Grunt
Sailor’s Choice
White Margate
Porkfish
Black Margate
Mutton Snapper
Gray Snapper
Cubera Snapper
Dog Snapper
Mahaogany Snapper
Schoolmaster
Lane Snapper
Yellowtail Snapper
Queen Angelfish
French Angelfish
Grey Angelfish
Rock Beauty
Blue Parrotfish
Midnight Parrotfish
Rainbow Parrotfish
Queen Parrotfish
Stoplight Parrotfish
Princess Parrotfish
Striped Parrotfish
Redband Parrotfish
Redtail Parrotfish
Yellowtail Parrotfish
Greenblotch Parrotfish
Bucktooth Parrotfish
Jewfish
Nassau Grouper
Yellowfin Grouper
Black Grouper
Tiger Grouper
Yellowmouth Grouper
Red Hind
Rock Hind
Graysby
Coney
Queen Triggerfish
Gray Triggerfish
Black Durgon
Scrawled Filefish
Orangespotted Filefish
Whitespotted Filefish
Spanish Hogfish
Hogfish
Bar Jack
Yellowtail Damselfish
Great Barracuda
Table 2 showing the species for the adult fish surveys
Page 9
The buddy pair then waited for three to five minutes at the end of
the transect line before proceeding. The second diver swims slowly
back along the transect surveying a 1m wide belt and identifying
and counting the presence of newly settled fish of the target species
(Table 3).
Scientific Name
Common Name
Max. target
length (cm)
Acanthurus bahianus
Acanthurus coeruleus
Chaetodon capistratus
Chaetodon striatus
Gramma loreto
Bodianus rufus
Halichoeres bivittatus
Halichoeres garnoti
Halichoeres maculipinna
Thalassoma bifasciatum
Halichoeres pictus
Chromis cyanea
Stegastes adustus
Stegastes diencaeus
Stegastes leucostictus
Stegastes partitus
Stegastes planifrons
Stegastes variabilis
Scarus iserti
Scarus taeniopterus
Sparisoma atomarium
Sparisoma aurofrenatum
Sparisoma viride
Ocean surgeonfish
Blue tang
Foureye butterflyfish
Banded butterflyfish
Fairy basslet
Spanish hogfish
Slipperydick
Yellowhead wrasse
Clown wrasse
Bluehead wrasse
Rainbow wrasse
Blue chromis
Dusky damselfish
Longfin damselfish
Beaugregory
Bicolour damselfish
Threespot damselfish
Cocoa damselfish
Striped parrotfish
Princess parrotfish
Greenblotch parrotfish
Redband parrotfish
Stoplight parrotfish
5
5
2
2
3
3.5
3
3
3
3
3
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
Table 3 showing the species and maximum target length for the juvenile
fish surveys
Buddy Method 3: Coral & Fish Rover divers and Diadema
urchins
At each monitoring site the third buddy pair swam around the
survey site for 30 minutes and one diver (Fish Rover diver)
recorded all adult fish species observed. The approximate density
of each species was categorised using the following numerations:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Single (1 fish)
Few (2-10 fish)
Many (11-100 fish
Abundant (>100 fish)
The second diver (Coral Rover diver) swam along side the Fish
Rover diver and recorded every single coral communities species
that where observed. Also any Diadema sea urchin that was
observed was recorded. Finally to standarize data, the records from
Page 10
Coral Rover diver where converted to semi quantitative data in the
same ranges as Fish Rover dive:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Single
Few
Many
Abundant
Page 11
Results
The total number of boat loads of divers that either practise
monitored, or monitored was 132.
Figure 1 shows the abundance of the fish families for all sites
surveyed this expedition. The Acanthuridae (Surgeon fishes) were
the most abundant, followed by the Scaridae (Parrot fishes) and
Haemulidae (Grunts) as with the first expedition. Comparing the
four expeditions, the general tendency is maintained for all fish
families. However if we compare the abundances between this
expedition and last one 044, there is a general diminution for all fish
families (except for Lutjanidae (Snappers) which is almost the
same). Longer time analysis needs to be done to find out if this
diminution is due to seasonal dynamics or is a tendency that will get
worse over time as localised fishing continues.
Adult Fish Families Mahahual
800
Abundance
700
600
042
500
043
400
044
300
051
200
100
Sphyraenidae
Serranidae
Scaridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacanthidae
Families
Monacanthidae
Lutjanidae
Labridae
Haemulidae
Chaetodontidae
Carangidae
Balistidae
Acanthuridae
0
Figure 1 showing the abundance of adult fish families at Mahahual
Figure 2 shows the relative abundance for the fish families seen in
Mahahual over the four expeditions so far.
Page 12
Adult Fish Families Mahahual
Sphyraenidae
Percent
100%
90%
80%
Serranidae
70%
Pomacentridae
60%
50%
Pomacanthidae
40%
Lutjanidae
Scaridae
Monacanthidae
30%
Labridae
20%
10%
Haemulidae
Chaetodontidae
0%
042
043
044
051
Carangidae
Balistidae
Expedition
Acanthuridae
Figure 2 showing the abundance of adult fish families at Mahahual
Appendix 1 gives a list of all the species identified on all the adult
fish and rover diver surveys this expedition.
We can observe through figure 2 that the proportions for all fish
families, are comparable to past expeditions. There are some
variations, but nothing significant. Again further analysis through
time will clarify if tendency of this change is due to seasonal
changes or are time – tendencies.
Shannon and Simpson Diversity indices were used to assess which
was the most diverse site, diverse depth and each depth overall for
the fish data. They were conducted using fish identified to species
level. During the first expedition Creek 10 was the most diverse
individual site and Faro Viejo the most diverse overall. Diversity
also increased overall with depth. During the second expedition
Piratas del Caribe 20 was the most diverse individual site, and Los
Escalones overall, although surveys for Faro Viejo were not
completed due to current and there is no 20m site at Dolphin Bay.
Again diversity of fish increased with depth.
For the third
expedition Piratas Del Caribe 20 was the most diverse individual site
and Rio Bermejo. Table 4 overall shows the diversities assessed
during this expedition, again LE 20, BUC 20 and RB 20 where the
most diverse sites. Finally, again diversity increased with depth.
Page 13
Site
BUC
FV
DB
LE
LL
LPC
PAY
PDC
RB
BUC
FV
DB
LE
LL
LPC
PAY
PDC
RB
BUC
FV
LE
LL
LPC
PAY
PDC
RB
BUC
DB
FV
LE
LL
LPC
PAY
PDC
RB
All
(not
DB)
All
(not
DB)
All
(not
DB)
Depth
18
19
19
20
16
6
9
6
11
19
20
27
18
11
25
20
13
19
22
12
23
23
20
17
24
18
31
23
32
28
28
23
29
26
23
No.
Ind.
67
87
93
62
54
38
40
26
92
97
66
228
64
41
89
113
74
107
47
56
71
77
88
51
119
39
211
153
367
197
172
215
204
219
238
0.75
34
432
2.75
0.77
35
853
3.06
0.80
45
548
Simpson D
11.48
6.45
6.48
13.05
10.64
3.28
3.49
3.22
2.96
6.73
13.53
10.62
8.03
5.90
7.62
9.23
5.73
7.27
14.25
5.06
15.61
8.53
7.71
6.39
6.71
13.70
10.82
9.52
11.07
13.76
9.86
8.58
8.79
8.65
5.98
Simpson E
0.64
0.34
0.34
0.65
0.67
0.55
0.39
0.54
0.27
0.35
0.68
0.39
0.45
0.54
0.30
0.46
0.44
0.38
0.65
0.42
0.68
0.37
0.39
0.38
0.28
0.76
0.35
0.41
0.35
0.49
0.35
0.37
0.30
0.33
0.26
Shannon H
2.64
2.37
2.32
2.53
2.53
1.43
1.62
1.44
1.54
2.35
2.77
2.68
2.42
2.02
2.38
2.55
2.11
2.40
2.85
1.96
2.95
2.60
2.47
2.37
2.44
2.74
2.83
2.64
2.76
2.95
2.44
2.53
2.66
2.56
2.36
Shannon E
0.91
0.80
0.79
0.85
0.91
0.80
0.74
0.81
0.64
0.80
0.92
0.81
0.84
0.84
0.74
0.85
0.82
0.82
0.92
0.79
0.94
0.83
0.82
0.84
0.77
0.95
0.82
0.84
0.80
0.89
0.73
0.81
0.79
0.79
0.75
5
7.44
0.22
2.64
10
10.00
0.29
20
11.96
0.27
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
No.
Spp.
*All for each depth excluded Dolphin Bay as there were not data for these sites
Table 4 showing the diversity for fish families at each site at each depth
and for each depth overall.
Page 14
The total hard coral cover for all sites over 130 transects was
19,93%, so it has raised slightly since the last expedition which was
16,5% . Table 5 shows the percentage hard cover for each site and
depth for all the sites monitored in this expedition. Los Llamaradas
20 had the highest percentage hard coral cover with 40,7% which
has raised almost 10% since last phase. This could be because of
recovery from hurricane Ivan, as the coral covertures were much
lower in all sites. The 20m sites had the highest hard coral
percentage cover, with the exception of FV20. The lowest hard
coral cover was at FV with 0.7%. Generally the 5m sites had the
lowest percentage hard coral cover.
Page 15
Site
BUC
BUC
BUC
DB
DB
FV
FV
FV
LE
LE
LE
LL
LL
LL
LPC
LPC
LPC
PAY
PAY
PAY
PDC
PDC
PDC
RB
RB
RB
BUC
DB
FV
LE
LL
LPC
PAY
PDC
RB
All
All
All
Depth
5
10
20
5
10
5
10
20
5
10
20
5
10
20
5
10
20
5
10
20
5
10
20
5
10
20
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
5
10
20
% Hard
coral
19.8
33.0
33.8
15.9
39.4
10.6
12.3
0.7
37.0
34.9
26.5
19.9
23.1
40.7
5.0
11.6
29.6
16.5
12.5
23.1
3.0
4.3
19.8
3.4
21.6
24.8
28.9
18.4
7.9
32.8
27.9
15.4
17.4
9.0
16.6
14.57
21.40
24.87
*All for each depth excluded Dolphin Bay as there were not data for these sites
Table 5 Showing the percentage hard coral cover at each site completed
at Mahahual
Figure 3 shows the percentage benthic cover for all the sites
completed over the four expeditions. It shows that sand is the most
dominant feature, followed by bare rock, gorgonians and algae. As a
matter fact, we can see that the covertures percentage for Turf
Page 16
Algae has raised very significantly. The most common corals were
of the families Faviidae, Agariciidae, Poritidae and Siderastridae.
Benthic Cover Mahahual
25
Percent
20
15
10
5
Acroporidae
Agariciidae
Astrocoeniidae
Bare Rock
Blue-green
Caryophylliida
Coralline
Dictyota
Faviidae
Gorgonians
Halimeda
Lobophora
Macroalgae
Meandrinidae
Milliporidae
Mussidae
Pocilloporidae
Poritidae
Rubble
Sand
Siderastridae
Sponges
Tunicate
Turf algae
Zooanthid
Corallimorph
0
Category
Figure 3 showing the benthic cover for the sites completed in Mahahual.
Shannon and Simpson Diversity indices were used to asses which
was the most diverse site, diverse depth and each depth overall for
the coral data. They were conducted using coral identified to genus
level. Table 6 shows that Dolphin Bay 5 was the most diverse
individual site with Rio Bermejo the most diverse overall. The coral
increased in diversity as depth decreased.
Page 17
Site
LPC
LL
BUC
PAY
LL
PDC
LE
RB
PAY
RB
BUC
FV
BUC
LPC
PDC
LE
LPC
DB
RB
PAY
LL
LE
DB
PDC
FV
FV
BUC
DB
FV
LE
LL
LPC
PAY
PDC
RB
All (not
DB)
All (not
DB)
All (not
DB)
Depth
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
All
Simpson D Simpson E Shannon H Shannon E No. Genus No. Ind.
20
3,69
0,28
1,67
0,65
13
119
20
3,57
0,30
1,60
0,64
12
159
20
3,28
0,30
1,47
0,61
11
133
20
3,82
0,32
1,71
0,69
12
115
10
3,86
0,32
1,68
0,68
12
136
20
4,09
0,34
1,69
0,68
12
124
20
4,66
0,36
1,84
0,72
13
129
20
4,31
0,36
1,76
0,71
12
136
5
4,71
0,43
1,86
0,78
11
67
10
6,02
0,43
2,04
0,77
14
121
5
4,74
0,43
1,89
0,79
11
82
10
4,46
0,45
1,70
0,74
10
123
10
5,16
0,47
1,85
0,77
11
110
5
4,29
0,48
1,82
0,83
9
37
5
3,86
0,48
1,63
0,78
8
23
10
4,37
0,49
1,64
0,75
9
158
10
5,30
0,53
1,85
0,81
10
88
10
4,97
0,55
1,79
0,81
9
75
5
4,56
0,57
1,75
0,84
8
41
10
4,72
0,59
1,72
0,83
8
59
5
5,99
0,60
1,92
0,83
10
93
5
5,56
0,62
1,87
0,85
9
88
5
6,22
0,62
2,01
0,87
10
69
10
5,11
0,64
1,82
0,88
8
30
5
4,90
0,70
1,69
0,87
7
76
20
3,57
0,71
1,42
0,88
5
10
4,41
0,29
1,82
0,67
15
325
4,83
0,44
1,74
0,73
11
199
5,86
0,49
1,97
0,79
12
154
5,14
0,30
1,90
0,67
17
375
5,07
0,30
1,93
0,68
17
388
5,58
0,35
2,00
0,72
16
246
5,30
0,41
1,92
0,75
13
241
6,01
0,43
2,05
0,78
14
177
6,08
0,36
2,10
0,74
17
298
5
7,32
0,46
2,18
0,78
16
498
10
5,48
0,34
1,95
0,70
16
777
20
4,02
0,27
1,74
0,64
15
925
*All for each depth excluded Dolphin Bay as there were not data for these sites
Table 6 showing the benthic diversity at each site at each depth and for
each depth overall
Page 18
Future work
In future expeditions GVI Mahahual aim to continue with the
realistic goal of 8-9 monitoring sites per expedition, weather and
currents permitting. At present GVI Mexico’s Head Office is in the
process to compare and produce statistical analysis for this data.
GVI Mahahual will also continue to add to the species list each time
a new species is positively identified, to produce a comprehensive
species list for the area. Also GVI Mahahual has just included the
collection of physical and chemical parameters to study the local
dynamics. This data should be analyzed at the end of one year.
GIS has been done and integrated into all data from last monitoring
phases. Ecological parameters have been modelled through
collected data and then initially analyzed in order to help develop
Mahahual’s new marine zoned areas with restrictions to recreational
activities. Further on, GVI Mahahual will keep working in
collaboration with all local partners to go forward into sustainable
development. So far Mahahual’s marine zonification plan is still
under discussion with all implied parties, and hopefully within next
months we will have the final proposal.
Map for priorities on protection of different areas.
Page 19
Proposal for the areas and restricted recreational activities.
Page 20
Turtle Sightings Programme
GVI Mahahual implemented a turtle monitoring survey in April
2004, due to the high number of turtles seen on dives in the area.
GVI Mahahual has continued to conduct this survey for incidental
sightings.
Methodology
Each time a turtle is seen on a dive, it is identified to species level
and the date, time, location, depth it was seen at, and size are all
recorded.
All dives are logged by GVI Mahahual, which gives a total effort for
this survey.
Results
A total number of 15 turtles were identified during this phase.
Table 7 and Figure 4 show that the most common sighting was
Loggerhead with 8 identified. And 7 Hawksbill identified and the
different frequencies per each month.
A total of 132 dive boats went out during this expedition, including
training, practice survey, survey and species list collection dives.
This makes the total effort for this survey 132, with an average of
0.11 turtles seen per dive which has risen from last phase that was
0,098.
Species
No identified
Loggerhead Caretta caretta
Green Chelonia mydas
Hawksbill Eretmochelys imbricate
Unknown
8
0
7
0
Table 7 showing the number of each species of turtle identified during
the expedition
Page 21
Frecuencies
Frecuencies for sea turtles species
4,5
4
3,5
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
Loggerhead
Hawksbill
Jan
Feb
Mar
Month
Figure 4 showing the total number of each turtle species per month
identified this expedition in Mahahual
This number is much reduced compared to previous expeditions (36
in the first expedition and 32 in the second expedition same as the
third) and may be an indication that the Turtle nesting season has
not started yet.
Turtle Nesting Programme
GVI Mahahual, along with UQROO and ASK, have located different
turtle nesting beaches to the North and South of Mahahual. GVI
Mahahual have conducted exploratory surveys in the past
expedition and are now under discussions with ASK to obtain the
relevant permissions to carry out regular surveys during the nesting
season. It is hoped that this can be set up to commence at the
beginning of the nesting season from May 2005.
Sharks, Rays and Marine Mammals sightings new
program
GVI Mahahual, has started this expedition to conduct a Sharks, rays
and marine mammal monitoring survey due to the frequency seen
on dives of this species in the area. GVI Mahahual will continue to
conduct this survey for incidental sightings.
Page 22
Methodology
Each time one of these species is seen on a dive, it is identified to
species level and the date, time, location, depth it was seen at, and
size are all recorded.
All dives are logged by GVI Mahahual, which gives a total effort for
this survey.
Results
A total number of 4 different species were identified during this
phase. Table 8 and Figure 5 show that the most common sighting
was Southern Ray with 16 individuals identified, 8 Spotted Eagle
Ray, and 1 Butterfly Ray and Nurse Shark.
A total of 132 dive boats went out during this expedition, including
training, practice survey, survey and species list collection dives.
This makes the total effort for this survey 132, with an average of
0.2 Elasmobranches seen per dive.
Species
No identified
Southern Ray (Dasyatis americana)
Spotted Eagle Ray (Aetobatus narinari)
Butterfly Ray (Gymnura micrura)
Nurse Shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum)
16
8
1
1
Table 8 showing the total number of each species identified for this
expedition in Mahahual
Page 23
Shark & Ray frecuencies
18
16
16
Frecuencies
14
Spotted Eagle Ray
12
10
Southern Ray
8
8
Butterfly Ray
6
Nurse Shark
4
1
2
1
0
Species
Figure 5. Showing the total number of each species identified for this
expedition in Mahahual
As is shown in this graph the most common species is Southern Ray
that by it is self has an average of sights of 0,1.
Marine mammals sights have been much less frequent, and just in a
few occasions we were able to log them. In this case, we have
logged sights that took place even diving or from surface, as they
where so rare that was worth to log all sights seen. So far for this
expedition marine mammal’s sightings have been:
DATE
SPECIES
SIZE OF THE GROUP
03/01/2005 Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
8 Individuals
03/01/2005 Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
3 Individuals
09/02/2005 Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus)
8 Individual
17/02/2005 Atlantic Spotted (Stenella plagiodon)
1 Individual
Figure 6. Marine mammals species observed during this expedition.
Page 24
Community Work Programme
We have accumulated a wealth of catalogued teaching resources at
the Estacion Costa Maya, which previous and present volunteers
have made. Feedback reinforces that the volunteers very much
enjoy the whole teaching experience and feel happy that they can
interact with, and contribute directly to the community in addition
to providing marine research data.
3.2 English Language Programme for Adults
Continuing on from previous phases, the English Language Program
for adults and children started on Thursday 27th January, when
adults signed up for the 7 week course running from 31st January to
11th March 2005 on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 18.30 to 20.00.
This initial session took place at the Vicente Kau Chau Primary
School in Mahahual, where the lessons take place. Previously
lessons have taken place at the Estacion Costa Maya, but this
caused problems which resulted in poor attendance (too far for
some students to travel at night, unreliable solar electricity supply
at the station etc.). The primary school offers a better learning
environment – reliable electricity, desks and blackboards. The
inauguration was very successful, with 35+ locals from many
different backgrounds signing up for the course – fishermen,
primary and secondary school students and teachers, shopkeepers,
restaurant staff and tourism co-operative members. In addition,
more people have joined the course since the inauguration having
heard about it from other students.
The adults were split into different groups according to ability and
trade. The lessons focus on English related to their jobs and
everyday experiences with English speakers, covering visual,
auditory and kinaesthetic teaching methods. Lessons are kept as
real and exciting as possible by using role play and games as well
as more traditional teaching styles. The syllabus has been set
according to what the students have already learned in previous
expeditions (as set out in the planning and progress sheets
completed on base). At the end of the 7 week course, students
undergo an assessment and receive certificates to mark their
achievement, dedication and progress.
Sadly the tourism co-operative members’ attendance has continued
to decline due to increased cruise ship business (in July 2005 there
Page 25
were typically 5 cruise ships a week, since December 2004 there
have been on average 10 cruise ships a week). We hope to
continue and enhance the relationship we have developed with the
co-operative by offering them more practical English tuition in the
form of job shadowing. This will involve volunteers spending time
with them in their jobs so they can provide immediate and useful
English tuition when they need it.
During the second 5 week phase, some of the new volunteers got
engaged the teaching program joining the previous 5-week teaching
groups. The teaching skills of the earlier phase volunteers became
very high and by the 2nd teaching week they were almost leading
the class by themselves, with a very little help from the Spanishspeaking coordinators. All the teaching guidelines and resources
used can be looked out in the folders destined for the GVI Mahahual
TEFL program.
The adult students´ progress has been grand and can be measured
in situ, where they can be seen playing their very personal roles at
their jobs using and practicing the English language they had
carried on the classes, which had been planned focusing on those
job roles they play.
Unfortunately, the teaching program couldn’t be finished properly
with a closure ceremony and the diploma- giving because the
students´ holidays began one week before our 7 week plan. Even
though, we are considering offering the diplomas at the beginning
of the next phase in order to encourage the students to continue
getting along with the program.
3.3 Environmental Awareness Programme
GVI’s Environmental Awareness Programme in Mahahual was set up
in association with Irene Ku Doporto and Francisco Chimal Chan
(Department of Environmental Education – ASK). This programme
is also supported by CONANP who, with additional funding this year,
have an active schedule for Environmental Education.
It is a multi faceted programme which includes activities such as
environmental education for children in English, beach cleans
workshops for children and adults, and school festivals and outings.
Page 26
Environmental Education for Children in English
GVI Mahahual’s EMs taught at the Vincente Kau Chau Primary
School during the January to March phase.
A new Environmental Education document (The Reef World) has
been developed at Pez Maya, which was used to base the syllabus
on at both Pez Maya and Mahahual.
It is modelled on the
environmental awareness workshops given by ASK as part of the
Conservación de los humedales de la Reserva de la Biosfera Banco
Chinchorro II Fase programme. The new syllabus will encompass
all levels from beginner to advanced.
The child education program also started at the end of January and
ran for 7 weeks. During this time, volunteers group teach the
classes (up to 4 volunteers in each classroom) from 08.00 to 09.00,
usually on Friday mornings (this is sometimes altered if it coincides
with teacher training days). There were two classes at the school,
one including 1st to 3rd grade children, the other including 4th to 6th
grade children. Volunteers tend to team teach the main theme of
the lesson as a whole class, and then split off with smaller groups of
children (based on ability) for activities which reinforce the learning
objective. Volunteers followed a general syllabus, but there is of
course flexibility in these plans for individual interests etc.
During both the child and adult education programs, wherever
possible an environmental theme is included implicitly in lessons.
We have also carried out workshops explicitly exploring
environmental issues, for example the primary school children
produced posters for various destinations around Mahahual, giving
environmental advice to tourists about how to treat the reef. This
was very well received by the community and pupils’ families alike
and resulted in many positive comments from tourists.
Regarding the primary school students, their progress is not as
visible as the adults do, but even the kids can be seen at the streets
using their English vocabulary –animals, colours, counting in
English, etc. showing that the classes had been to their liking and
that they are using it that much that they retain it and incorporate it
to their games and day-by-day life.
Page 27
Beach Cleans
GVI Expedition Members undertake regular beach cleans at the
Estación Costa Maya.
This is due to expand, in conjunction with ASK and UQROO, who
supplied GVI with their beach clean schedule for 2005. CONANP are
also expanding their beach cleaning schedule due to increased
funding this year. They will supply GVI with their schedule and GVI
Mahahual will take part in those held in the area.
GVI have viewed several beaches to the north and to the south of
the Estación Costa Maya, which are heavily polluted with waste
coming in from the sea. One of these beaches is the one located in
Xcalak, approximately 40 km south from Mahahual. Continuing with
the beach cleaning program, on the second weekend of February
GVI supported CONANP and the military crew on the Xcalak beach
cleaning with a EMs cleaning group full equipped with rakers and
shovels for that purpose. We spend more than half a day cleaning
the beach off from litter, sea grass, rubble and garbage in general
and taking all that to the municipality dump –more than 200 kg of
rubbish. The recyclables in the litter collected were separated and
stored in the recycling centre at the Secondary school in Mahahual.
Expedition members cleaning the beach.
Page 28
After the hard work, as a very nice gesture CONANP shared with us
a “sandwich lunch” and we share with them a nice chat about coral
reef ecology and its differences and similarities in between Xcalak
and Mahahual.
Other Programmes and Activities
GVI, ASK and UQROO staff have held several meetings with national
and local authorities (and general public) in order to create a
marine zoning plan, to protect and conserve the marine
environment in Mahahual. We have used the data collected by
volunteers and GIS methods to provide highly accurate information
about the health state of the reef. When implemented, this zoning
proposal will regulate the types of activities that take place in
Mahahual. There will be a highly controlled buoy network to mark
the different activity sites (snorkelling, diving, fishing, swimming
etc.). Each area will be allocated according to its ecological features
and the degree of fragility of the marine environment.
GVI Mahahual
presenting new
Mahahual.
Expedition Manager
proposal for marine
Page 29
(Alejandro Polo)
zoning areas for
GVI hosted a well received meeting with locals at the secondary
school in November 2004 to explain the activities undertaken at the
Estacion Costa Maya. Following on from this meeting and the
interest it generated from locals, another meeting will be held
during this expedition to present and discuss a ‘good environmental
practices’ flyers and posters developed by GVI. The goal of this is to
help locals and tourists learn about these practices, to help achieve
sustainable development of the Mahahual tourist industry as it
develops. GVI is also investigating the possibility of pursuing this to
a state wide distribution level.
Mahahual new zone marine areas proposal. Presented by
GVI, UQROO and ASK.
It can be mentioned that before the Primary School student’s
holiday began -weekend of the 7th week, a meeting was held in
order to celebrate the “Water Day”, which involved a lecture
presented by UQRoo, Amigos de Sian Ka´an and GVI vis-à-vis of
the importance of good environmental practices so as to maintain
the natural water supplies and in general the natural resources on
which our survival relies.
Page 30
Conclusions
The GVI Mahahual Programme continues to thrive and the team aim
to continue strengthening their ties with UQROO and ASK, the local
community, the Mahahual Tourism Co-operative, the Municipality’s
tourist board and other local stakeholders.
During this expedition, GVI Mahahual has been highly successful.
GVI Mahahual has:
1. Continued the monitoring effort to include 9 permanent sites
depending on weather.
2. Trained 12 Expedition Members to proficiently survey using
the MBRS methodology.
3. Continued the SMP for the region.
4. Provided English lessons within the community.
5. Further developed the research base at the ECM.
6. Develop and initialized the new marine zoning proposal which
was built up thanks to the use of GIS tools
7. Continued collaboration MIRC at UQROO and ASK for the GVI
Mahahual Programme.
8. Documented species lists for fish and hard coral within the
area, which will be added to into the future.
9. Successfully continued with the National Scholarship
Programme through the inclusion of Adriana Lucia Romero.
GVI will be analysing data from Mahahual more conclusively at
suitable intervals.
During the next expedition, GVI Mahahual intends to continue its
work on the SMP and with the community. GVI Mahahual also aim
to continue a job shadowing programme whereby members of the
tourism co-operative will be accompanied during trips, to further
improve their English on a day to day work related basis. Finally
GVI Mahahual aim to extend their programme as outlined above
wherever possible and through continued discussions with local
partners.
Page 31
Appendix 1: Coral Species List
This list began in April 2004. New entries for this expedition are in
red. This list is compiled from the Coral Communities and Point
Intercept surveys, with incidental sightings in red.
47 species (1 new species sighted).
Family
Genus
Species
Acroporidae
Acropora
Acropora
Acropora
cervicornis
palmata
prolifera
Agaricia
agaricites
Acroporidae
Acroporidae
Agariciidae
Agariciidae
Agariciidae
Agariciidae
Agariciidae
Agariciidae
Agariciidae
Agariciidae
Astrocoeniidae
Caryophylliidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Faviidae
Meandrinidae
Meandrinidae
Meandrinidae
Milliporidae
Milliporidae
Mussidae
Mussidae
Mussidae
Mussidae
Mussidae
Mussidae
Mussidae
Mussidae
Pocilloporidae
Pocilloporidae
Agaricia
fragilis
Agaricia
grahamae
Agaricia
Agaricia
Agaricia
Agaricia
Helioceris
humilis
lamarcki
tenuifolia
undata
cucullata
Stephanocoenia
intersepts
Eusmilia
Colpophyllia
Diploria
Diploria
Diploria
fastigiana
natans
clivosa
labrynthiformis
strigosa
Favia
fragum
Manicina
Montastraea
Montastraea
Montastraea
Montastraea
Solenastrea
areolata
annularis
cavernosa
faveolata
franksi
bournoni
Solenastrea
Dendrogyra
hyades
cylindrus
Dichocoenia
Meandrina
Millepora
Millepora
Isophyllastrea
stokesi
meandrites
alcicornis
complanata
rigida
Isophyllia
Mussa
sinuosa
angulosa
Mycetophyllia
Mycetophyllia
Mycetophyllia
Mycetophyllia
Scolymia
Madracis
Madracis
aliciae
ferox
lamarckiana
reesi
sp.
decactis
formosa
Page 32
Pocilloporidae
Pocilloporidae
Poritidae
Poritidae
Poritidae
Poritidae
Siderastridae
Siderastridae
Madracis
Madracis
Porites
Porites
Porites
Porites
Siderastrea
Siderastrea
Page 33
mirabilis
pharensis
astreoides
divaricata
furcata
porites
radians
siderea
Appendix 2: Fish Species List
This list began for Mahahual in April 2004. New entries for this
expedition are in red. This list is compiled from the Adult and Rover
diver surveys in addition to incidental sightings.
161 species (2 new species sighted).
Family
Genus
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthuridae
Acanthurus
Acanthurus
Acanthurus
Achiridae
Gymnachirus
Apogonidae
Apogon
Atherinidae, Clupeidae, Engraulididae
Aulostomidae
Aulostomus
Balistidae
Balistes
Balistidae
Balistes
Canthidermis
Melichthys
Xanithichthys
Balistidae
Balistidae
Balistidae
Bothidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Carangidae
Centropomidae
Chaenopsidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Chaetodontidae
Cirrhitidae
Congridae
Dasyatidae
Diodontidae
Bothus
Caranx
Caranx
Trachinotus
Centropomus
Lucayablennius
Chaetodon
Chaetodon
Chaetodon
Chaetodon
Chaetodon
Amblycirrhitus
Heteroconger
Dasyatis
Diodon
Elopidae
Ephippidae
Megalops
Gobiidae
Coryphopterus
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Coryphopterus
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Gobiidae
Grammatidae
Chaetodipterus
Coryphopterus
Coryphopterus
Coryphopterus
Gnatholepis
Gobiosoma
Gobiosoma
Gramma
Species
Common Names
Ocean surgeon
Doctorfish
Blue tang
Zebra sole
nudus
townsendi
Belted cardinalfish
Silversides, Herrings, Anchovies
maculates
Trumpetfish
capriscus
Gray triggerfish
vetula
Queen triggerfish
sufflamen
Ocean triggerfish
niger
Black durgeon
ringens
Sargassum triggerfish
lunatus
Peacock flounder
bartholomaei
Yellow jack
rubber
Bar jack
falcatus
Permit
undecimalis
Common snook
zingaro
Arrow blenny
aculeatus
Longsnout butterflyfish
capistratus
Foureye butterflyfish
ocellatus
Spotfin butterflyfish
sedentarius
Reef butterflyfish
striatus
Banded butterflyfish
pinos
Red spotted hawkfish
longissimus
Brown garden eel
americana
Southern stingray
holocanthus
Balloonfish
atlanticus
Tarpon
faber
Atlantic spadefish
dicrus
Colon goby
eidolon
Palid goby
glaucofraenum
Bridled goby
Pepermint goby
lipernes
personatus/hyalinus Masked/glass goby
thompsoni
Goldspot goby
oceanops
Neon goby
prochilos
Broadstripe goby
loreto
Fairy basslet
bahianus
chirurgus
coeruleus
Page 34
Grammatidae
Gymnothorax
funebris
Grammatidae
Haemulidae
Gymnothorax
Anisotremus
Haemulon
Haemulon
Haemulon
Haemulon
Haemulon
Haemulon
Haemulon
Haemulon
Anisotremus
Haemulon
Holocentrus
Holocentrus
moringa
virginicus
album
aurolineatum
carbonarium
flavolineatum
macrostomum
plumierii
sciurus
striatum
Surinamensis
Parra
adscensionis
rufus
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Haemulidae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Myripristis
jacobus
Labridae
Labridae
Neoniphon
Sargocentron
Sargocentron
Sargocentron
Kyphosus
Bodianus
Clepticus
Doratonatus
Halichoeres
Halichoeres
Halichoeres
Halichoeres
marianus
bullisi
coruscum
vexillarium
sectatrix/incisor
rufus
parrae
megalepis
bivittatus
cyanocephalus
garnoti
maculipinna
Labridae
Halichoeres
pictus
Labridae
Halichoeres
Halichoeres
Lachnolaimus
Thalassoma
poeyi
Xyrichtys
martinicensis
Xyrichtys
Malacoctenus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
novacula
triangulatus
analis
apodus
cyanopterus
Lutjanus
griseus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Lutjanus
Ocyurus
Malacanthus
Aluterus
Cantherhines
Cantherhines
Mulloidichthys
jocu
mahogoni
synagris
chrysurus
plumieri
scriptus
macrocerus
pullus
martinicus
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Holocentridae
Kyphosidae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labridae
Labrisomidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Lutjanidae
Malacanthidae
Monacanthidae
Monacanthidae
Monacanthidae
Mullidae
radiatus
maximus
bifasciatum
Page 35
Green moray
Spotted moray
Porkfish
White margate
Tomtate
Ceaser Grunt
French grunt
Spanish grunt
White grunt
Bluestriped grunt
Striped grunt
Black margate
Sailor’s choice
Squirrelfish
Longspine squirrelfish
Blackbar soldierfish
Longjaw squirrelfish
Deepwater squirrelfish
Reef squirrelfish
Dusky squirrelfish
Bermuder chubb
Spanish hogfish
Creole wrasse
Dwarf wrasse
Slipperydick
Yellowcheek wrasse
Yellowhead wrasse
Clown wrasse
Rainbow wrasse
Blackear wrasse
Puddingwife wrasse
Hogfish
Bluehead wrasse
Rosy razorfish
Pearly razorfish
Saddled blenny
Mutton snapper
Schoolmaster snapper
Cubera snapper
Grey snapper
Dog snapper
Maghogony snapper
Lane snapper
Yellowtailed snapper
Sand tilefish
Scrawled filefish
White spotted filefish
Orange spotted filefish
Yellow goatfish
Ostraciidae
Ostraciidae
Pseudupeneus
Aetobatus
Opistognathus
Acanthostracion
Lactophrys
Lactophrys
maculatus
narinari
aurifrons
quadricornis
bicaudalis
triqueter
Pempheridae
Pomacanthidae
Pempheris
Centropyge
schomburgki
argi
Pomacanthidae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Holacanthus
Holacanthus
Pomacanthus
Pomacanthus
Stegastes
Abudefduf
Chromis
Chromis
ciliaris
tricolor
arcuatus
paru
leucostictus
saxatilis
cyanea
enchrysurus
Pomacentridae
Chromis
insolata
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Chromis
Microspathodon
Stegastes
Stegastes
multilineata
chrysurus
adustus
diencaeus
Pomacentridae
Stegastes
leucostictus
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Stegastes
Stegastes
Stegastes
partitus
planifrons
variabilis
canadum
Mullidae
Myliobatidae
Opistognathidae
Ostraciidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacanthidae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Pomacentridae
Rachycentridae
Rachycentron
Rhincodontidae
Scaridae
Ginglymostoma
cirratum
Scarus
coelestinus
Scaridae
Scaridae
Scaridae
Scarus
Scarus
Scarus
Scarus
coeruleus
guacamaia
iserti
taeniopterus
Scaridae
Scarus
vetula
Scaridae
Scaridae
Sciaenidae
Sciaenidae
Scombridae
Scombridae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Sparisoma
Sparisoma
Sparisoma
Sparisoma
Sparisoma
Sparisoma
Equetus
Equetus
Pareques
Scomberomorus
Scomberomorus
Cephalopholis
Cephalopholis
Epinephelus
Epinephelus
atomarium
aurofrenatum
chrysopterum
radians
rubripinne
viride
lanceolatus
punctatus
acuminatus
maculatus
regalis
cruentatus
fulvus
adscensionis
guttatus
Serranidae
Epinephelus
itajara
Serranidae
Epinephelus
striatus
Scaridae
Scaridae
Scaridae
Scaridae
Scaridae
Sciaenidae
Page 36
Spotted goatfish
Spotted eagle ray
Yellowhead jawfish
Scrawled cowfish
Spotted trunkfish
Smooth trunkfish
Glassy sweeper
Cherubfish
Queen angelfish
Rockbeauty
Grey angelfish
French angelfish
Beaugregory
Seargant major
Blue chromis
Yellowtail reef fish
Sunshinefish
Brown chromis
Yellowtailed damsel fish
Dusky damselfish
Longfin damselfish
Beaugregory
Bicolour damselfish
Threespot damselfish
Cocoa damselfish
Cobia
Nurse shark
Midnight parrotfish
Blue parrotfish
Rainbow parrotfish
Striped parrotfish
Princess parrotfish
Queen parrotfish
Greenblotch parrotfish
Redband parrotfish
Redtail parrotfish
Bucktooth parrotfish
Yellowtail parrotfish
Stoplight parrotfish
Jackknife fish
Spotted drum
Highhat
Spanish mackerel
Cero
Graysby
Coney
Rockhind grouper
Red hind grouper
Goliath grouper
Nassau grouper
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Hypoplectrus
aberrans
Hypoplectrus
Hypoplectrus
Hypoplectrus
chlorurus
guttavarius
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Hypoplectrus
Hypoplectrus
Hypoplectrus
Liopropoma
indigo
nigricans
puella
unicolor
rubre
Mycteroperca
bonaci
Mycteroperca
tigris
Serranidae
Serranidae
Mycteroperca
Paranthias
venenosa
furcifer
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Serranidae
Sparidae
Sphyraenidae
Synodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Tetraodontidae
Rypticus
Serranus
saponaceus
baldwini
Torpedinidae
Narcine
brasiliensis
Urolophidae
Urolophus
jamaicensis
Serranus
tabacarius
Serranus
tigrinus
Serranus
tortugarum
Calamus
Sphyraena
Synodus
Canthigaster
Sphoeroides
calamus
barracuda
intermedius
rostrata
splengleri
Page 37
Yellowbelly hamlet
Yellowtail hamlet
Shy hamlet
Indigo hamlet
Black hamlet
Barred hamlet
Butter hamlet
Peppermint basslet
Black grouper
Tiger grouper
Yellowfin grouper
Creolefish
Greater soapfish
Lantern bass
Tobaccofish
Harlequin bass
Chalk bass
Sacuereyed porgy
Great barracuda
Sand diver
Sharpnosed puffer
Bandtail puffer
Lesser electric ray
Yellowstingray
Appendix 3: Data CD
A full data set was supplied with this report to UQROO, ASK and
CONANP.
Page 38