Franz Lake/Ridgefield multi

Results of Multi-Year Coordinated Fish, Fish Prey,
Habitat and Water Quality Data Collection under
the Ecosystem Monitoring Project
Lyndal Johnson1, Kate Macneale1, Amy Borde2, Jennifer
Morace3, Catherine A. Corbett4, Sean Sol1, David Teel1 and O.
Paul Olson1
1NOAA
Fisheries Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
2 Coastal Assessment and Restoration Group, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Sequim, WA, USA
3USGS Oregon Water Science Center
4Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership, Portland, OR, USA
Columbia River Estuary Conference
Astoria, OR
May 25 and 26, 2010
Ecosystem Monitoring Project
Objectives:
• Characterize tidal freshwater salmon habitats in the Lower Columbia River and
Estuary, and salmon and salmon prey occurrence in those habitats
• Provide long term data to assess the status and trends of aquatic habitats,
including those used by endangered salmon populations
• Apply these data, as appropriate, for estuary habitat restoration.
Fisheries)
Ecosystem Monitoring Project
 Coordinated Habitat, Fish, and Prey Monitoring at ~4-6 sites annually:
Vegetation monitoring (% cover along transects, species list, elevation) - 4-6 sites
Sediment grain size along transects - 4-6 sites
Water quality (data loggers) - 2 sites
Fish sampling (species richness, abundance, CPUE, stock id, length, weight, stomach
contents, otoliths for growth rates, marked/unmarked, condition, contaminants) - 5
sites
Fish prey (taxonomy, abundance, biomass, terrestrial vs aquatic origin) - 5 sites
Primary production/food web – 1 site
Results Online on at Estuary Partnership website: www.lcrep.org
EMP Focus—Undisturbed emergent and
forested wetlands
• Undisturbed Emergent
Wetlands
– Dominated by erect,
rooted, herbaceous
“water loving” plants for
most of the growing
season
• Undisturbed Forested
Wetlands
• Productive habitats that
support fish and wildlife
and are likely important
rearing and nursery
habitats for salmon
Reach C
Reach E
Reach F
Reach H
Portland
Ecosystem Monitoring Multi-year Sampling Sites
Multiyear Sampling Sites
Campbell Slough (Reach F) – Ridgefield Wildlife Refuge, WA
Franz Lake (Reach H) –near Beacon Rock State Park, WA
Ecosystem Monitoring Program Results
Multi-year Sites
Water Quality (USGS)
Vegetation Monitoring (PNNL)
Invertebrate prey (NOAA Fisheries)
Fish (NOAA Fisheries)
Temp. (°
30
20
10
Estuary Partnership’s
Ecosystem Monitoring Program
Major Program components:
Water Quality (USGS)
Vegetation Monitoring (PNNL)
Invertebrate prey (NOAA Fisheries)
Fish (NOAA Fisheries)
Dominant plant species
at Campbell Slough
and Franz Lake
Wapato (
)
Common spikerush (
Canary reed grass (
)
)
Estuary Partnership’s
Ecosystem Monitoring Program
Major Program components:
Water Quality (USGS)
Vegetation Monitoring (PNNL)
Invertebrate prey (NOAA Fisheries)
Fish (NOAA Fisheries)
Prey Availability – Emergent Vegetation Tows
100%
Other
90%
Trombidiformes
80%
Poecilostomatoida
70%
Ostracoda
60%
Oligochaeta
Odonata
50%
Nematoda
40%
Hemiptera
30%
Diptera
Cyclopoida
20%
Coleoptera
Cladocera
10%
Basommatophora
0%
EV April 2008
Franz Lake
EV May 2008
Franz Lake
EV May 2009
Franz Lake
EV May 2008
Campbell
Slough
EV May 2009
Campbell
Slough
EV June 2009
Campbell
Slough
Amphipoda
Dominant Species are Dipterans (Chironomids), Cladocerans, and Cyclopoid copepods
Juvenile Chinook Salmon Diets
100%
Trombidiformes
90%
Trichoptera
80%
Thysanoptera
70%
Other
60%
Insect Egg
Hymenoptera
50%
Hemptera
40%
Ephemeroptera
30%
Diptera
20%
Collembola
Coleoptera
10%
Cladocera
0%
Franz Lake Franz Lake Franz Lake Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
April 2008 May 2008 May 2009 Slough April Slough May Slough May Slough June
2008
2008
2009
2009
Araneae
Amphipods
Juvenile Chinook from both sites show a strong preference for Dipterans
open water
emergent
vegetation
Dipterans 7x
more abundant
in tows through
emergent
vegetation
Juvenile Chinook Diets – Mainstem/Disturbed Sites
100%
80%
Terrestrial
60%
Other Aquatic
Cladocera
40%
Diptera
20%
0%
Dipterans also consumed at these sites, but high proportions of Cladocerans and
more terrestrial species in diet – preferred food may not be available.
Estuary Partnership’s
Ecosystem Monitoring Program
Major Program components:
Water Quality (USGS)
Vegetation Monitoring (PNNL)
Invertebrate prey (NOAA Fisheries)
Fish (NOAA Fisheries)
Fish Community
Characteristics
Fish Species Composition
100%
other
sucker
90%
shad
80%
sculpin sp.
70%
pumpkinseed
peamouth
60%
pikeminnow
50%
killifish
40%
crappie
chub
30%
bullhead sp.
smallmouth bass
20%
yellow perch
10%
chiselmouth
0%
stickleback
Franz Lake
2008
(n=1128)
Franz Lake
2009
(n=1781)
Campbell
Campbell
Campbell
Slough 2007 Slough 2008 Slough 2009
(n=981)
(n=1755)
(n=1881)
carp sp.
salmonid sp.
Fish Species Diversity and Species Richness
8
Species Richness
7
Shannon-Weiner Diversity
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Franz Lake
2008
Franz Lake
2009
Campbell
Slough 2007
Campbell
Slough 2008
Campbell
Slough 2009
Per cent Native Species
70
60
Per cent
50
40
30
20
10
0
Franz Lake
2008
Franz Lake
2009
Campbell
Slough 2007
Campbell
Slough 2008
Campbell
Slough 2009
Juvenile Salmon Occurrence
and Characteristics
Salmon species
100%
90%
80%
70%
steelhead trout
60%
cutthroat trout
50%
hatchery chinook
40%
wild chinook
hatchery coho
30%
wild coho
20%
wild chum
10%
0%
Campbell
Slough 2007
Campbell
Slough 2008
Campbell
Sloiugh 2009
Franz Lake
2008
Franz Lake
2009
Chinook Stocks
100%
90%
80%
70%
Deschutes Fall
60%
West Cascades Spr
50%
Willamette
40%
Snake Fall
30%
Upper Columbia SuF
20%
Spring Creek Fall
West Cascades Fall
10%
0%
Franz Lake
2008 (n=33)
Franz Lake
2009 (n=8)
Campbell
Slough 2007
(n=62)
Campbell
Slough 2008
(n=38)
Campbell
Slough 2009
(n=59)
Seasonal trends in Juvenile Chinook catch
CPUE (Per 1000 sq m)
80
Franz Lake
4%
70
60
2008
50
2009
40
30
20
100%
58% 31%
10
NS
0
April
May
June
July
Aug
CPUE (per 1000 sq m)
140
Campbell Slough
<50%
120
2007
100
2008
80
<50%
60
40
20
2009
0%
50%
0%
84%
100%
0
April
May
June
July
Aug
Factors affecting length, weight, and condition
• Hatchery vs. Wild
– Hatchery fish larger and heavier than wild fish.
– Condition factor not significantly different
• Month of Capture
– Fish length, weight, and condition tend to increase from April to June
• Year of Capture
– Fish length, weight, and condition tend to be lower in 2009 than in 2008
• Site of Capture
– NO significant difference in length, weight, or condition
Chemical Contaminants in Juvenile Chinook Salmon
300
POPs (ng/g lipid)
250
PBDEs
200
150
DDTs
PCBs
100
50
0
*
*
Summary: Many Similarities Between Sites
Water Conditions:
Temperature and DO profiles similar
Conditions unsuitable for salmon after June at both sites
Vegetation:
Dominant species: reed canary grass, spike rush and wapato
Boundaries between plant communities comparable at both sites
Prey:
A wide range of prey availability; common species Dipterans, Cladocerans,
and Cyclopoid copepods;
Preferred prey in diet were Dipterans
Most abundant in samples collected nearshore and associated with
emergent vegetation
Fish:
Salmon using both sites from April through May/June
Although wild salmon were present at both sites, hatchery salmonids made
up substantial proportions of the fish
Fish community characteristics (number of species, species richness and
diversity) were similar between sites
Summary: Intersite Differences
• Landscape at two sites is different (Campbell Slough further
removed from mainstem)
• Water conditions: Inundation periods probably different
• Fish:
» The Franz Lake site had a greater diversity of salmonids;
» Percentage of non-native species tended to be higher at
Campbell Slough;
» Contaminant concentrations tended to be higher in juvenile
Chinook salmon from Campbell Slough;
Differences in fish occurrence patterns could be related to site
location (reach) in river, proximity to human disturbance; conditions
ESUs using sites experienced before accessing sites (no
measurement of residency of fish at sites)
Acknowledgement to our Funders and Cooperators and Staff
NOAA
Fisheries
Bernadita Anulacion
David Baldwin
Jennie Bolton
Paul Chittaro
Dan Lomax
Tiffany Linbo
Jennifer King
Mark Myers
Tony Ramirez
Catherine Sloan
Julann Spromberg
Carla Stehr
Maryjean Willis
Gladys Yanagida
Phyllis Yang
USGS
Greg Fuhrer
Curt Hughes
Kevin Knutson
Elena Nilsen
Mike Sarantou
LCREP
Keith Marcoe
Debrah Marriott
BPA
Tracey Yerxa
Contacts for More Information:
Catherine Corbett (503) 226-1565 ext 240, [email protected]
Amy Borde (360) 681-3663, [email protected]
Lyndal Johnson (206) 860-3345, [email protected]
Jennifer Morace (503) 251-3229, [email protected]