Study on Zooplankton Composition and Seasonal Variation in

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 297-306
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 3 (2015) pp. 297-306
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Original Research Article
Study on Zooplankton Composition and Seasonal Variation in Bhima River
Near Ramwadi Village, Solapur District (Maharashtra), India
A.N. Dede1* and A.L. Deshmukh2
1
Department of Zoology, Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil Mahavidyalaya,
Pandharpur 41304, Solapur District (MS), India
2
Department of Zoology, Shankarrao Mohite Patil Mahavidyalaya, Akluj,
Taluka Malshiras, Solapur District, India
*Corresponding author
ABSTRACT
District
Keywords
Zooplankton,
Bhima River,
Karmala,
Density
Introduction
al., 2014). The availability of food is more
due to decomposition of organic matter and
the density of zooplankton might be high
due to fewer predators (Shivashankar et al.
2013). The study of zooplankton is
necessary to evaluate the fresh water
reservoir in respect to their ecological and
fishery status (Goswami and Mankodi,
2012).
Aquatic ecosystems are known to support
work to range of organism. Among these
zooplanktons are the free floating and
microscopic animal found in aquatic
ecosystem. The zooplanktons are important
for fishes as they are used as source of food.
The Zooplanktons are classified in various
groups viz. Cladocera, Copepoda, Rotifer
and Ostracoda. Many workers have studied
the zooplanktons of fresh water bodies both
in India and abroad. The biodiversity of
phytoplankton and zooplankton are also rich
in nature (Kangasabapathi and Rajan, 2010).
Zooplanktons are playing important role in
biomonitering of water pollution (Tyor et
The Zooplanktons community fluctuates
according to physicochemical parameter of
the environment, especially Rotifer species
change with biotic factors (Karuthapandi et
al., 2012). The abundance and assemblage
composition of zooplanktons are depends
297
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 297-306
upon the dominance of water birds, fish,
macroinvertebrates
and
their
food
preference, (Russell et al., 2006). On the
similar line Jafari et al. (2011) studied the
zooplankton diversity and compositions are
correlated
to
the
physicochemical
environment
of
the
Haraz
River.
Zooplanktons are heterotrophic in nature
and play important role in food web by link
primary producers to higher trophic level.
The Zooplankton abundance was declines
due to connection with redistribution
number of individual in a water body less
possibilities to stay in eutrophic zone where
photosynthesis occurs (Dhembare, 2011).
Zooplanktons are important in nutritive
level, temperature, and pollution used to
determine the health of an ecosystem
(Purushothama et al., 2011). From the
earlier work on the zooplanktons, it appears
that studies have been done on the seasonal
variation and zooplankton diversity in river
but negligible work has been carried out on
composition and seasonal variation in
zooplankton in Bhima River near Ramwadi
village. The objective of present study is to
determine zooplankton composition and
seasonal variation of Bhima River.
plankton samples were collected through 50
liters of water by standard plankton net
made up bolting silk cloth No. 20 and the
collected samples were fixed in 4%
formalin.
Needham
and
Needham,
(1966).The Zooplankton are identified with
the help of standard literature up to generic
level by using standard keys of Adoni et al.
(1985), Edmondson (1959), Pennak (1978),
Reddy (1994), Dhanapathi (2000), Bhouyain
and Asmat (1992). The qualitative and
quantitative analysis of the organism is
carried out by Sedgwick rafter cell as per
the standard methods APHA (1998).
Result and Discussion
The present study reports the zooplankton
diversity composition from the Bhima river
near Ramwadi Village, Tal. Karmala,
District Solapur (M.S.) India. In total, 21
species of zooplanktons belonging to
families and 4 classes viz. Rotifera,
Cladocera, Copepoda and Ostracoda were
recorded from the Bhima River near
Ramwadi village.
The class Rotifera
represents 9 species, Cladocera 5 species,
Copepoda 5 species and Ostracoda 2
species.
Materials and Methods
The species recorded during the study with
their occurrence in summer monsoon and
winter presented in table 1. Purushothama et
al. (2011) studied the physico chemical
profile and zooplankton community
composition in Brahmana Kalasi tank,
Sagara, Karnataka. Their study reports 18
species of Zooplanktons from the Brahmana
Kalasi Tank. Likewise several records on
hand
about
zooplankton
diversity,
abundance, composition and seasonal
variation from the different fresh water
bodies (Jayabhaye, 2010; Jadhav et al.,
2012; Watkar and Barbate, 2012;
Annalakshmi and Amasth, 2012; Singh et
al., 2012; Gaike et al., 2012).
Study area: The Bhima River runs along
the Ramwadi village in Karmala taluka of
Solapur district. It is situated in longitude
74o 83 and 73o 96 E and latitude 18o 31
and 72o 76 N.
Collection of samples and biological
analysis
The survey of Zooplanktons Bhima River
near Ramwadi village was carried out from
Jan 2014 to Dec 2014. Water samples were
collected monthly between 9 am to 11 am.
The data was articulated seasonally as
summer, winter, and Monsoon. The
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 297-306
Table.1 Species composition of zooplankton at study area during Jan 2014 to Dec 2014
Zooplankton
Sr.no Groups
1
Rotifera
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Cladocera
Family
Brachionidae
Filinidae
Moinidae
Chydoridae
Copepoda
Sididae
Diaptomidae
Name of species
Brachionus caudatus
Brachionus falcatus
Summer
+
+
Winter Monsoon
+
+
+
+
Brachionus forficula
Brachionus calyciflorus
Brachionus diversicornis
Keratella chochlearis
Keratella tropica
Keratella crassa
Filinia opo ensis
Moina micrura
Moina Brachiata
Chydrous sphaericus
Bosmina longirostris
Diaphanosoma sarsi
Mesocyclops
Undinula valgaris
Thermocyclops
Microcyclops
Nauplius
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
_
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
_
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
Ostracoda
Cyprididae
Stenocypris
Heterocypris
Table.2 Seasonal variation of various zooplanktons density from study area
Sr. no
1
Zooplankton groups
Rotifera ( No/L)
Summer
595
Winter
390
Monsoon
250
Grand Total
1235
2
Cladocera ( No/L)
350
250
150
750
3
Copepoda ( No/L)
400
320
200
920
4
Ostracoda ( No/L)
150
100
50
300
5
Total. Zooplanktons (No/L)
1495
1060
650
3,205
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 297-306
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 297-306
301
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 297-306
Fig.1 Satellite view of Study area
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 297-306
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 297-306
Rotifera were the dominant group among the
Zooplankton community with 9 species. The
Brachionus, Keratella, and Filinia were
showed 38.53% population of total
zooplankton community. Where as in the
Cladocera, the Moina, Chydrous, Bosmina,
Diaphnosoma
represented
23.40%
population of total zooplankton community.
In the Class Copepoda, the Mesocyclops
Microcyclops, Undinula, Thermocyclops,
Nauplius were 28.70% and in the class
Ostracoda. Hetrocypris and Stenocypris
were 9.36% out of total population in
Zooplankton community. On the similar
line, Jose and Sanal Kumar (2012) carried
out a study on seasonal variation in the
zooplankton diversity of river Achencovil
and reported that in summer, rotifers were
dominated (39.36%) followed by copepods
(33.53%) and cladocera (27.11%). The
cladocera was higher abundance during
premonsoon (41.41%) and monsoon (45%)
while copepods formed the dominant group
during post monsoon season (42.01%).
During the present study, the population
density was high in summer (46.64%)
followed by winter (33.73%) and monsoon
season (20.28%) (Fig.6 . The Filinia genus
was observed only in summer season. The
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Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2015) 4(3): 297-306
total zooplankton density was high in
summer season followed by winter and
Monsoon (Fig.2). In the summer season
percent composition was as follows,
Cladocera (23.41%), Copepoda (26.75%),
Ostracoda (10.03%), Rotifera (39.79%)
(Fig.4), the winter percent composition of
Rotifera was 36.79%, cladocera (23.58%),
copepod (30%) Ostracoda (9.43%), (Fig.3).
In monsoon season percent composition of
Rotifera was (38.46%), Cladocera (23.07%),
copepod (30.76%), Ostracoda (7.69%), (Fig.
5). Similar observations were reported by
Ramakrishna (2014) from Yelahanka lake,
Manickam et al. (2014) from Thoppaiyar
reservoir Dharampuri district, South India
and Gayathri et al. (2014) from
Doddavoderhalli lake, Banglore, Karnataka
(Table 2).
providing Laboratory and library facility for
the present research work.
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