FDACS DPI Tri-ology Volume 48, Number 1, January

Transcription

DACS-P-00124 Volume 48, Number 1, January - February 2009
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DPI’s Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology (the botany section is included in this bureau) produces TRI-OLOGY six
times a year, covering two months of activity in each issue. The report includes detection activities from nursery plant inspections, routine
and emergency program surveys, and requests for identification of plants and pests from the public. Samples are also occasionally sent
from other states or countries for identification or diagnosis.
Highlights
Following are a few of the notable entries from this volume of TRI-OLOGY. These entries
are reports of interesting plants or unusual pests, some of which may be problematic. See
Section Reports for complete information.
Persea borbonia (red bay) – Raffaelea
lauricola, laurel wilt. The laurel wilt pathogen
vectored by Xyleborus glabratus, redbay ambrosia
beetle, is capable of attacking and killing red bay
and several other members of the laurel family
including sassafras, pondspice, spicebush and
camphor-tree. Commercially, the biggest concern
is the apparent susceptibility of many varieties of
avocado, most of which are grown in Miami-Dade
County.
Nematology
Plant Pathology
TRI-OLOGY’s New Look
Foliar symptoms of
Raffaelea lauricola (laurel
wilt) on Persea borbonia
(red bay tree)
Photograph courtesy of Bud
Mayfield, FDACS Division of
Forestry
Lycium carolinianum Walt. - Christmas berry,
Carolina desertthorn, lycium. This species is a
spiny, salt-tolerant, evergreen shrub to 2 m tall,
found in coastal areas, including shell mounds and
the edges of salt marshes and brackish swamps,
from South Carolina to Florida and west to Texas
and Mexico.
Phoradendron leucarpum
Botany
Entomology
Persea humilis Nash. - silk bay, scrub bay. The
three species of Persea native to Florida are all
very similar in general appearance. Unfortunately,
like all of its close relatives, the silk bay is
theoretically susceptible to the laurel wilt disease
rapidly being spread by the redbay ambrosia beetle. To date, no infected plant
of this species has been found.
Phoradendron
leucarpum (Raf.)
Reveal &
M.C.Johnst. - oak
mistletoe. This
evergreen subshrub,
up to 1 m in diameter,
is a hemi-parasite,
taking water and
Section Reports
Lycium carolinianum
(Christmas berry)
Photograph and copyright
courtesy of Roger
Hammer/Wildflowers of the
Everglades, Atlas of Florida
Vascular Plants
As our 47th year of publication
of TRI-OLOGY approached, we
wanted to improve our ability
to inform our readership of the
diagnoses and identifications
done by our division’s
taxonomic scientists. After
having edited TRI-OLOGY for
16 years, I was ready for a
change in our look and delivery
system. I requested assistance
from several co-workers to
assist in this opportunity to
change. We recognized that
improved use of the Internet
was achievable and would
improve access to the scientific
determinations of pests and
pathogens found on our
agricultural and native plant
resources.
I would like to thank several
co-workers for their able
assistance in making this
upgrade possible. First and
foremost is Dr. Patti Anderson,
who has done an exemplary
(oak mistletoe)
Photograph courtesy of Betty
Wargo, Atlas of Florida Vascular
Plants
nutrients from its host tree, but also carrying out
photosynthesis. Only one other species in this
genus occurs in Florida, P. rubrum, the mahogany
mistletoe. It is a rare, parasitic plant found only in
far South Florida, distinguished from oak mistletoe by its lemon-yellow to
orange fruit.
Carthosilvanus vulgaris (Grouvelle). Specimens were
collected in a blacklight trap at the Port Manatee Forestry
Terminal by Customs and Border Patrol. This is a
Neotropical species not previously known from the United
States; the collection is a continental record. This beetle is
not of economic importance. It lives under bark and feeds
on fungi. (Dr. Michael C. Thomas.)
Orius tristicolor (White) minute pirate bug. Found on
Helianthus debilis, beach sunflower or dune sunflower in
Tierra Verde, FL. This is the second catch for the tiny
predator (usually no more than 3 mm long) in the
landscape in Florida. It is intercepted regularly on produce
from Western states. This is a county record for Pinellas.
(Dr. Susan E. Halbert.)
Carthosilvanus
Root galling caused by
Meloidogyne javanica
(Javanese root-knot
nematode) on Solanum
viarum (tropical soda
apple)
Photograph courtesy of
J. Lotz and J. A. Brito,
DPI
vulgaris (Grouvelle)
Solanum viarum (tropical soda
Photograph courtesy
apple) – Meloidogyne javanica
of M.C.Thomas, DPI
(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949,
the Javanese root-knot
nematode was found infecting the roots of this noxious
weed during a survey by DPI staff. Roots were heavily
infected and deformed by prominent and bead-like
galls. Root-knot nematodes have broad host ranges and
are very damaging pathogens of many agronomic and
horticultural crops including most row and vegetable
crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants.
Miscanthus sinensis (zebra grass, Chinese silver
grass) - Pratylenchus zeae Graham, 1951, a root
lesion nematode was found infecting the roots of this
ornamental grass. Nematode-infected roots showed
dark lesions on their surface. Morphological and
molecular (rDNA) analyses were used for species
identification. As this ornamental grass becomes more popular in Florida, its
pests may become more economically important.
Dracaena sanderiana (lucky bamboo) –
Colletotrichum dracaenophilum, stem rot. This stem
pathogen has probably been introduced into the United
States by way of the vast quantities of lucky bamboo
propagative material imported from Asia.
Hibiscus syriacus (rose-of-Sharon) – Thielaviopsis
basicola, root rot. The black root rot pathogen is more
commonly found on hollies and pansies, but has a wide
host range. It prefers wet, cool soils and can be very
difficult to manage after soils are infested. NEW HOST
Colletotrichum
job over the past two and half
years as our Managing Editor,
and clearly guided this
transition to success. Next,
Denise Feiber, Director of
Technical Assistance, and Scott
Weinberg, Graphic Artist and
webmaster, who have so aptly
taken our vision and made it
real on screen as well as in
print. Also, Dr. Susan Halbert,
Dr. Renato Inserra, Dr. Janete
Brito, Robert Leahy, Dr. Tim
Schubert, Dr. Cal Welbourn, Dr.
Dick Weaver, Cindy Edwards
and Jody Hansen contributed
significantly to our upgrade in
many different ways, making
sure that our scientific staff at
large had an opportunity to
provide input into our
transition. I also thank the
many contributing
photographers.
As we move forward in better
using today’s technology, I am
reminded that TRI-OLOGY first
appeared in 1962 as a
technical report of news and
other notes from the
Entomology, Nematology and
Plant Pathology bureaus. The
report was prepared on a
typewriter and copies were put
in the mail to interested
readers. At one time, we
mailed over 800 copies every
two months to a worldwide
readership. It took up to
several months for TRI-OLOGY
to reach some of our readers.
Now, the retrieval time is
instantaneous after a TRIOLOGY report is posted to our
website, and we hope our
readers will find their
information needs met through
either the provided overviews
or needed details in linked
ancillary tables.
I suspect we will continue to
tweak our upgrade a bit over
RECORD.
Suriana maritima (bay cedar) – Rhizoctonia sp.,
root rot. Collected from a nursery in Palm Beach County
on 12 January 2009. NEW HOST RECORD.
Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D., managing editor
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph.D., editor
dracaenophilum
(stem rot) on
Dracaena sanderiana
(lucky bamboo)
Photograph courtesy of
T. Schubert, DPI
the next few issues. We
welcome your comments and
suggestions for improvement.
Please feel free to contact me
at [email protected] or
Dr. Patti Anderson at
[email protected] and
let us know.
Wayne N. Dixon, Ph.D., editor
Assistant Director, DPI
Contact TRI-OLOGY | Past Issues | Bureau of Entomology, Nematology and Plant Pathology
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Botany
Entomology
Nematology
Plant Pathology
Botany Section
Compiled by Richard E. Weaver, Jr., Ph.D., and Patti J. Anderson, Ph.D.
This section identifies plants for the Division of Plant Industry, as well as for other
governmental agencies and private individuals. The Botany Section maintains a
reference herbarium with over 10,000 plants and nearly 1,500 vials of seeds.
Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. (a genus of 40 species from
temperate and cool regions, including Europe, South Africa and
North America). Cruciferae (or Brassicaceae). Western
tansymustard. This is a widespread, weedy, annual herbaceous plant,
usually seen flowering in late winter or early spring, in turf, open fields and
waste places with sandy soils throughout the United States and into Mexico
and Canada. This species usually reaches a height of 25-50 cm, with single
or multiple stems that often branch. The stem and leaves are gray
pubescent, and the deeply dissected leaves are pinnatifid. The flowers occur
in terminal racemes, each flower with four yellow, yellow-green or white
Sample Submissions
951 Total Samples Submitted:
Samples submitted by other
Samples submitted for
botanical identification only
77 specimens added to the
herbarium.
petals. The fruits are narrow siliques, up to 15 mm long and 2-4 mm wide,
on pedicels that can reach 1.5 cm in length. Seeds are less than 1 mm long.
This is a variable species with several recognized subspecies. Native peoples
throughout its range used the seeds as food, and some mixed the plant with
iron pigments to prepare a dye. (Nassau County; B2009-62; Flewellyn W.
Podris; 12 February 2009.) (Austin 2004; Murphy 1996;
http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/despin/all.html.)
Ilex latifolia Thunberg. (a nearly cosmopolitan genus of
approximately 400 species, particularly diverse in temperate and
tropical Asia and America). Aquifoliaceae. Lusterleaf holly. This
magnificent evergreen tolerates well the heat of summers in northern and
central Florida, yet it is barely known and rarely planted here. It is native to
Japan and has been in cultivation in this country since 1840. A dense,
pyramidal tree to 10 m tall, it is texturally similar to Magnolia grandiflora.
The leathery leaves are lustrous dark green above and yellowish beneath,
oblong to elliptic with an abrupt, sharp tip, coarsely serrate but not spiny on
the margins and 10-20 cm long. Like all hollies, male and female flowers
are borne on separate trees (dioecious). The dark red fruits are about 8 mm
in diameter, and they are borne in dense, axillary clusters that completely
encircle the twigs. The fruits persist through the winter, if the robins and
mockingbirds miss them, but the color generally fades considerably. The
trees are difficult to propagate, perhaps partially explaining why they are so
rare in cultivation. (Submitted by the general public; 6 January, 2009.)
(Dehgan 1998; Dirr 1990.)
Lycium carolinianum Walt. (a genus of about 100 species of shrubs
from warm temperate regions, primarily the Americas). Solanaceae.
Christmas berry, Carolina desertthorn, lycium. This species is a spiny,
salt-tolerant, evergreen shrub to 2 m tall, found in coastal areas, including
shell mounds and the edges of salt marshes and brackish swamps, from
870
DPI sections
Descurainia pinnata (Western
tansymustard)
Photograph courtesy of J. Lotz, DPI
81
South Carolina to Florida and west to Texas and Mexico. The clustered,
fleshy, simple leaves grow up to 2 cm in length, have entire margins and
are linear to narrowly oblanceolate. The flowers, growing singly, have a
calyx with four lobes and a blue to lavender (sometimes pale enough to
appear white) corolla with four fused petals. The fruit is an ellipsoid berry
that turns bright red when ripe, usually in December. Although some
species in this family contain toxins, there are some reports that the
Christmas berry fruit is edible, like other members of the family, such as
tomatoes and peppers. Without doubt, this species is an excellent food for
wildlife including nectar-feeding insects and fruit-eating birds as well as
deer, raccoons and other wildlife and makes an excellent addition to a
coastal landscape. (Pinellas County; B2009-29; Olga Garcia; 18 January
2009.) (Godfrey 1988; Huxley 1992; Nelson 2003;
http://www.wildflower.org.)
Persea humilis Nash. (a genus of ca. 200 species in the Asian and
American tropics). Lauraceae. Silk bay, scrub bay. The three species
of Persea native to Florida are all very similar in general appearance, as well
as in many characters of the foliage, flowers and fruits. They differ primarily
in habitat preference and in the hairs (pubescence) on their various
structures, but most conspicuously on their twigs and the undersides of their
leaves. Considered by some taxonomists to be merely a variety of the
common red bay, Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng., the silk bay, discussed here,
forms a suckering shrub or small tree to 3 m tall with twigs that are densely
covered by rusty hairs. The aromatic, leathery evergreen leaves are usually
narrowly elliptic to lanceolate in outline and 5-9 cm in length. The
undersides of the leaves are reddish brown due to a dense covering of very
fine, appressed silky hairs. With proper lighting and magnification, these
hairs glisten like short golden threads. As in the other two species, the small
greenish flowers are borne in slender-stalked axillary clusters, and they are
followed by roundish, black or blue-black drupes. The silk bay is restricted
in its distribution to scrub habitats in Central and southern Florida, from
Alachua and Putnam Counties south to Martin and Collier Counties.
Unfortunately, like all of its close relatives, the silk bay is theoretically
susceptible to the laurel wilt disease rapidly being spread by the redbay
ambrosia beetle. However, no infected plant of this species has been found.
(Submitted by the general public; 9 January 2009.) (Godfrey 1988;
Mabberley 1997; Note: redbay ambrosia beetle pest alert available at
http://www.doacs.state.fl.us/pi/enpp/ento/x.glabratus.html.)
Phoradendron leucarpum (Raf.) Reveal & M.C.Johnst. (a genus of
ca. 190 species from the Americas with a concentration in the
tropics). Viscaceae (formerly Loranthaceae; recently proposed as
Santalaceae). Oak mistletoe. This evergreen subshrub, up to 1 m in
diameter, is a hemi-parasite, taking water and nutrients from its host tree,
but also carrying out photosynthesis. Heavy infestations of P. leucarpum can
Ilex latifolia (Lusterleaf holly)
Photograph courtesy of Oregon State
University http://oregonstate.edu
Lycium carolinianum (Christmas berry)
Photograph and copyright courtesy of Roger
Hammer/Wildflowers of the Everglades, Atlas
of Florida Vascular Plants
Persea humilis (Silk bay, scrub bay)
Photograph courtesy of Shirley Denton, Atlas
of Florida Vascular Plants
reduce the growth of host trees. The leathery, opposite obovate leaves are
2-5 cm long, with entire margins and rounded apices. The flowers are
unisexual, with staminate and pistilate flowers on separate plants. These
inconspicuous flowers are borne on opposite sides of a jointed spike, with
female flowers developing into clusters of ten or more fruits. Each waxy
white fruit is 4-6 mm in diameter, with sticky (viscous) flesh, and contains a
single seed. Seeds germinate on tree branches, attached there by the sticky
fruit pulp. Only one other species in this genus occurs in Florida, P. rubrum,
the mahogany mistletoe. It is a rare, parasitic plant found only in far South
Florida, distinguished from oak mistletoe by its lemon-yellow to orange fruit.
Lore about mistletoe, including the tradition of a kissing under it, began with
the European Viscum album, a species similar to the North American
mistletoe, but with fewer fruits in each cluster. Both are considered toxic to
humans if eaten, although native peoples of eastern North America have
used mistletoe extracts medicinally as treatment for a variety of ailments
from headaches to whooping cough to ring worms. (Sumter County; B200940; Lorrie R. Rigby; 28 January 2009. Palm Beach County; B2009-41; Sallie
H. Simmons; 29 January 2009. Volusia County; B2009-42; Albert E. “Bud”
Mayfield; 4 February 2009.) (Austin 2004; Godfrey 1988; Mabberley 1997;
Wunderlin and Hansen 2003; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoradendron;
http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7437.html.)
Poinsettia heterophylla (L.) Klotzsch & Garke ex Klotzsch, (a genus
of 11 species native to warm parts of the Americas, usually included
in Euphorbia). Euphorbiaceae. Mexican fireplant, fiddler’s spurge.
Like most members of the Euphorbia family, this plant exudes a milky latex
if any piece is broken or detached. This latex may cause dermatitis in
sensitive people and may have unpleasant effects if ingested. The plant is
an annual, pantropical weed closely related, but not very similar in general
appearance, to the ubiquitous Christmas decoration, Poinsettia pulcherrima.
It grows to about 1 m tall with (usually) unbranched stems. The specific
name “heterophylla” meaning “with different leaves” is appropriate since the
leaves are extremely variable. They range from ovate and elliptic to
narrowly lanceolate in outline; entire, with a few coarse teeth or with
shallow lobes along the margin; dull green or gray-green above, often with
small, irregularly spaced purple spots; and from 4-15 cm long and 0.5-5 cm
broad. As in the florist’s poinsettia, modified leaves (bracts) subtend the
inflorescence. However, in this species, they are basically colored like the
foliage leaves, but occasionally white at the base or with purple spots. The
flowers themselves lack petals and sepals and are borne in specialized
structures called cyathia, characteristic of Euphorbia and a few closely
related genera. According to Dressler (1961), Poinsettia heterophylla is
native from Arizona south throughout tropical America and adventive
elsewhere. Wunderlin and Hansen (2003) and most other sources consider it
to be native also in Florida. It usually grows in disturbed habitats but
seldom becomes a pest, although it is currently on Florida’s list of noxious
weeds (DPI Rule 5B-57.007), under the synonym Euphorbia prunifolia. Its
inclusion on the noxious weed list is under review. (Miami-Dade County;
B2009-36; Stephen P. Beidler; 27 January 2009.) (Dressler 1961;
Wunderlin and Hansen 2003.)
Phoradendron leucarpum (oak mistletoe)
Photograph courtesy of Betty Wargo, Atlas of
Florida Vascular Plants
Poinsettia heterophylla (Mexican
fireplant, fiddler’s spurge)
Photograph courtesy of Dennis Girard, Atlas of
Florida Vascular Plants
References
Austin, D. F. 2004. Florida Ethnobotany. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
909 p.
Dehgan, B. 1998. Landscape plants for subtropical climates. University
Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 638 p.
Dirr, M.A. 1990. Manual of woody landscape plants, 4th edition. Stipes
Publishing Company, Champaign, Illinois. 1,007 p.
Dressler, R.L. 1961. A synopsis of Poinsettia (Euphorbiaceae). Annals of
the Missouri Botanical Garden 48: 329-341.
Godfrey, R.K. 1988. Trees, shrubs and woody vines of northern Florida
and adjacent Georgia and Alabama. University of Georgia Press, Athens,
Georgia. 735 p.
Huxley, A.J. (editor). 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society
dictionary of gardening. 4 volumes. Macmillan Press. London, England.
3,240 p.
Mabberley, D.J. 1997. The plant book, 2nd edition. Cambridge University
Press, Cambridge, England. 858 p.
Murphy, T. R. 1996. Weeds of southern turfgrasses. Florida Cooperative
Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 208 p.
Nelson, G. 2003. Florida's best native landscape plants: 200 readily
available species for homeowners and professionals. University Press of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida. 411 p.
Wunderlin, R. P. and B. F. Hansen. 2003. Guide to the vascular plants
of Florida, 2nd edition. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
787 p.
Home
Botany
Entomology
Nematology
Plant Pathology
Entomology Section
Compiled by Susan E. Halbert, Ph.D.
This section provides the division's plant protection specialists and other customers
with accurate identifications of arthropods. The entomology section also builds and
maintains the arthropod reference and research collection (the Florida State Collection
of Arthropods - with over 9 million specimens), and investigates the biology, biological
control and taxonomy of arthropods.
Carthosilvanus vulgaris (Grouvelle). Specimens were collected in a
blacklight trap at the Port Manatee Forestry Terminal by Customs and
Border Patrol on 10 October 2008. This is a Neotropical species not
previously known from the United States; the collection is a continental
record. This beetle is not of economic importance. It lives under bark and
feeds on fungi. (Manatee County; E2009-353; Gloria E. Callahan; 10
October 2008.) (Dr. Michael C. Thomas.)
Sample/Specimen
Submissions
January
Samples Submitted
Specimens Identified
423
11,613
February
Samples Submitted
Specimens Identified
532
27,006
Orius tristicolor (White) minute pirate bug found on Helianthus debilis,
beach sunflower or dune sunflower in Tierra Verde, FL. This is the second
catch for the tiny predator (usually no more than 3 mm long) in the
landscape in Florida. It is intercepted regularly on produce from Western
states. This is a county record for Pinellas. (Pinellas County; E2009-363;
Olga Garcia; 18 January 2009.) (Dr. Susan E. Halbert.)
Entomology Specimen Report (Abbreviated)
Following are tables with entries for records of new hosts or new
geographical areas for samples identified in the current volume's time period
as well as samples of special interest. An abbreviated table, with all the new
records but less detail about them, is presented in the body of this web
page and another version with more complete data is downloadable as a
PDF or an Excel spreadsheet.
Download full spreadsheet in PDF format
Download full spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel format
The tables are organized alphabetically by plant host, if the specimen has a
plant host. Some arthropod specimens are not collected on plants and are
not necessarily plant pests. In the table below, those entries have no plant
information included and are organized by arthropod name.
Carthosilvanus vulgaris (Grouvelle)
Photograph courtesy of M.C.Thomas, DPI
Plant Species
Name
Plant Common
Name
Arthropod Species
Name
Arthropod Common
Name
County
New Records
Bambusa sp.
Bamboo
Unachionaspis tenuis
armored scale
Nassau
County
Bambusa sp.
Bamboo
Palmicultor lumpurensis
mealybug
Nassau
County
Bambusa sp.
Bamboo
Froggattiella penicillata
penicillate scale
Nassau
County
Blechum pyramidatum Browne's Blechum
Myllocerus
undecimpustulatus
weevil
Pinellas
Host
Citrus reticulata
Tangerine, Mandarin
Zaprionus indianus
fruit fly
Nassau
County
Citrus x paradisi
Grapefruit
Euxesta costalis
picture-winged fly
Collier
County
Citrus x paradisi
Grapefruit
Curtara insularis
ringspot leafhopper
Collier
County
Eucalyptus peltata
Rusty Jacket
Myllocerus
undecimpustulatus
weevil
Miami-Dade
Host
Eucalyptus sp.
Eucalyptus
Leptocybe invasa
blue gum chalcid wasp
Palm Beach
County
Helianthus debilis
Beach Sunflower,
Dune Sunflower
Orius tristicolor
minute pirate bug
Pinellas
County
Iva imbricata
Seacoast Marshelder
Maconellicoccus hirsutus
pink hibiscus mealybug
Broward
Host
Lycium carolinianum
Christmas Berry;
Carolina Desertthorn
Euxesta zacki
fly
Pinellas
Mangifera indica
Mango
Chrysomya megacephala blow fly
Orange
County
Mangifera indica
Mango
Arvelius albopunctatus
Lake
County
stink bug
Plant Common Name
Arthropod Genus
and Species
County
Collector
Collector
Institution
Plants
Involved
Plants
Affected
Acres
Involved
Acres Affected
Severity
Sample No.
Record
Notes
This species is considered to be an invasive. It was reported in Tennessee in 1999,
Alabama in 2005 and South Carolina in 2006, but no literature suggests the species
will have an economic impact. (Dr. Greg S. Hodges).
City, State
COUNTY
Location
Type
E2009-117
This is an exotic, invasive mealybug, first reported in Florida in 2002, that is now
considered established in Florida (Dr. Greg S. Hodges).
Collection
Date
Moderate
COUNTY
Arthropod
Common Name
Entomology Report January - February 2009
Plant Species
Flewellyn W. Podris
E2009-588
COUNTY
75%
Nassau
0.01 Moderate
HOST
100
Fernandina Beach, FL
0.01
E2009-901
E2009--588
FDACS/DPI
FDACS/DPI
Business
landscape
Flewellyn W. Podris; Isabelle S. James FDACS/DPI
0.01 Moderate
9-Jan-2009
Nassau
0.01
Unachionaspis tenuis armored scale
Linda G. McRay
Flewellyn W. Podris; Isabelle S. James FDACS/DPI
Probably native to India or Africa (Dr. Gary J. Steck).
Bamboo
5-Feb-2009 Roadside
Pinellas
Nassau
COUNTY
There are only a handful of specimens present in FSCA; this fly is known from Dade,
Broward, and Palm Beach Counties as well as The Bahamas and Jamaica (Dr. Gary
J. Steck).
Bambusa sp.
mealybug
St Petersburg, FL
COUNTY
Bamboo
5-Feb-2009 Roadside
23-Feb-2009 Vacant Lot
E2009-326
COUNTY
Bambusa sp.
penicillate scale
weevil
USDA/APHIS/
PPQ
E2009-97
HOST
Bamboo
Carmen Escalante
E2009-522
Browne's Blechum
Lee
1
E2009-163
Bambusa sp.
Estero, FL
FDACS/DPI
Slight
Palmicultor
lumpurensis
Froggattiella
penicillata
Myllocerus
undecimpustulatus
20-Jan-2009 Residence
Scott D. Krueger
Slight
Blechum
pyramidatum
fruit fly
Collier
1
Zaprionus indianus
Marco, FL
1
Citrus reticulata Tangerine, Mandarin
1
picture-winged
fly
1
Euxesta costalis
FDACS/DPI
Grapefruit
Citrus x
paradisi
FDACS/DPI
ringspot
leafhopper
Citrus x
paradisi
Eucalyptus
peltata
COUNTY
2
50 %
1
2
Severe
Moderate
Moderate
Severe
E2008-8427
E2009-535
E2009-405
E2009-43
COUNTY
HOST
HOST
HOST
This exotic armored scale, with a range restricted to South Florida, is somewhat
common and considered established (Dr. Greg S. Hodges).
Distinctive polythalmous galls that greatly enlarge the stem (Dr. Gary J. Steck).
This scale is considered new to science (Dr. Greg S. Hodges).
Established exotic species (Dr. W.C. 'Cal' Welbourn).
An introduced species in North America (Dr. Gary J. Steck).
This is an uncommonly collected species (Kurt M. Ahlmark).
An Australian gall wasp pest on Eucalyptus , previously submitted from Broward
County in 2008. (James R. Wiley).
COUNTY
COUNTY
HOST
E2009-515
E2009-672
Slight
John F. Gilmore; Karolynne M. Griffiths
E2009-415
2
Palm Beach
1
Severe
USDA/APHIS/
3
PPQ
Juno Beach, FL
FDACS/DPI
100
Bert Winters
Park
Scott D. Krueger
weevil
30-Jan-2009
Olga Garcia
FDACS/DPI
100
This tiny predator has been found for the second time in the landscape in Florida. It is
intercepted regularly on produce from Western states. (Dr. Susan E. Halbert).
Pinellas
USDA/APHIS/
PPQ
Bruce Sutton; David C. Ziesk; Susan E. FDACS/DPI,
Halbert; Tom Turner
AES
J. Keith Harris
FDACS/DPI
COUNTY
Broward
Janice DeJesus
FDACS/DPI
E2009-363
Pinellas
Lorrie R. Rigby
Slight
Tierra Verde, FL
Orange
Olga Garcia
HOST
1
Olga Garcia
Curtara insularis
18-Jan-2009 Roadside
Lake
E2009-472
HOST
Pompano Beach, FL
Miami-Dade
Slight
E2009-843
Clermont, FL
1
Slight
Miami, FL
1
E2009-032
27-Jan-2009 Roadside
10-Feb-2009 Nursery
FDACS/DPI
E2009-401
stink bug
Olga Garcia
Slight
woolly whitefly
Miami-Dade
29-Jan-2009
Miami, FL
tortricid moth
USDA/APHIS/
PPQ
Tortricidae ? Genus
Karolynne M. Griffiths
Business
landscape
0 Slight
0
Collier
Grapefruit
Myllocerus
undecimpustulatus
blue gum chalcid
wasp
19-Feb-2009 Residence
Orlando, FL
Dunedin, FL
Miami-Dade
Rusty Jacket
Leptocybe invasa
minute pirate bug
Hammock
Park
Marco, FL
Eucalyptus
Orius tristicolor
pink hibiscus
mealybug
28-Jan-2009
Miami, FL
Eucalyptus sp.
Beach Sunflower, Dune
Sunflower
Maconellicoccus
hirsutus
30-Dec-2008 Residence
6
9-Jan-2009 Roadside
Helianthus
debilis
Seacoast Marsh-elder
blow fly
fly
6
Iva imbricata
Euxesta zacki
Mango
Christmas Berry; Carolina
Desert-thorn
Mango
Flattop Millegraines
Japanese Yew
Chrysomya
megacephala
Arvelius
albopunctatus
Aleurothrixus
floccosus
Lycium
carolinianum
Mangifera
indica
Mangifera
indica
Oldenlandia
corymbosa
Podocarpus
macrophyllus
Broward
HOST
17-Dec-2008 Smoker Park Ft. Lauderdale, FL
E2008-8375
red palm mite
FDACS/DPI
Raoiella indica
Lisa A. Charlton
Moderate
Buccaneer Palm, Sargent's
Pseudophoenix
Cherry Palm, Hog Palm,
sargentii
Datelet, Dummy Date
John Larry Byrd
COUNTY
Broward
HOST
Polk
E2009-339
Coconut Creek, FL
1
1
Community
Park
E2009-177
Winter Haven, FL
FDACS/DPI
13-Jan-2009
Olga Garcia
FDACS/DPI
weevil
Miami-Dade
David C. Ziesk
fruit fly
Miami, FL
Pinellas
lawn
Wild-Coffee, Seminole
Balsamo
St Petersburg, FL
FDACS/DPI
FDACS/DPI
1
Oak
Business
5-Jan-2009
landscape
Eduardo G. Camero
FDACS/DPI
Psychotria
nervosa
croton scale
Weedon
28-Jan-2009 Island State
Preserve
Miami-Dade
Olga Garcia
FDACS/DPI
Quercus sp.
delphacid
planthopper
USDA
3-Feb-2009 Subtropical
Miami, FL
Research Unit
Miami-Dade
Karen G. Coffey
1
Winged Sumac, Flameleaf
Sumac
Pissonotus
quadripustulatus
weevil
Miami, FL
Olga Garcia
1
Rhus
copallinum
Dwarf Glasswort
Myllocerus
undecimpustulatus
USDA/APHIS/
PPQ
Salicornia
bigelovii
Marula
23-Dec-2008 Roadside
Flagler
COUNTY
Miami-Dade
HOST
Flagler Beach, FL
E2009-9
Miami, FL
E2009-138
8-Jan-2009 Roadside
29-Dec-2008 Residence
Moderate
to Severe
papaymealybug
southern chinch
bug
0
Slight
Blissus insularis
Myllocerus
undecimpustulatus
Rhinoleucophenga
obesa
New Genus new
species
Sclerocarya
birrea
Tough Bumelia, Clark's
Asphondylia bumeliae gall midge
Buckthorn, Silver Buckthorn
0.100000001
Sideroxylon
tenax
0.25
Bay Cedar
1
HOST
USDA/APHIS/
1
PPQ
E2008-8374
UF
0 Moderate
Miami-Dade
Eduardo M. Varona; Karolynne M.
Griffiths
11-Dec-2008 The Kampong Coconut Grove, FL
St. Augustine Grass
mallow caterpillar
Stephen H. Brown
COUNTY
Lee
E2009-510
Lee County, FL
COUNTY
Paracoccus
marginatus
E2009-275
J. Howard Frank; Michael C. Thomas
HOST
Slight
E2009-303
Volusia
Alachua
Osteen, FL
Gainesville, FL
UF,
FDACS/DPI
UF
Anomis erosa
Selenaspidus
articulatus
University of
Florida
Hickory Bluff
9-Jan-2009
Preserve
28-Apr-2008
Lyle J. Buss
Sea Hibiscus; Mahoe
Tamarind
Metamasius callizona Bromeliad weevil
rufous scale
Spreading Airplant, Giant
Wild-Pine
Stenotaphrum
secundatum
Suriana
maritima
Talipariti
tiliaceum
Tamarindus
indica
Tillandsia
utriculata
Nucicolormidget
moth
Pansy
Elaphria nucicolora
Viola x
wittrockiana
Scytodes alayoi
Loxosceles rufescens
Cathartosilvanus
vulgaris
Silvanus lewisi
Neortholomus
jamaicensis
Blissus eucopterus
milkweed bug
spitting spider
Mediterranean
recluse spider
sylvanid beetle
sylvanid beetle
seed bug
chinch bug
Restaurant;
1-Dec-2008 bathroom
floor
Gainesville, FL
Graceville, FL
Port Manatee
18-Jul-2008 Forestry
Palmetto, FL
Terminal
Osceola
26-Mar-2006 National
Forest
Safety Harbor, FL
10-Oct-2008 Port Manatee Palmetto, FL
12-Dec-2006 Roadside
Polk City, FL
Citra, FL
Osceola, FL
Manatee
Hillsborough
Pinellas
Alachua
Jackson
Manatee
Manatee
Marion
Osceola
Sara M. White
Karen Lea Etchells
Homeowner
Tom Turner
Patti J. Anderson
Derek W. Pumphrey
Gloria E. Callahan
Gloria E. Callahan
Mark J. Rothschild
Julieta Brambila
FSCA
Research
Associate
FDACS/DPI
FDACS/DPI
FDACS/AES
FDACS/DPI
Branch
Manager,
Brock Lawn
and Pest
Control
CBP
CBP
FSCA
Research
Associate
USDA/APHIS/
PPQ
E2009-402
E2009-417
E2009-648
E2009-353
E2009-354
E2009-553
E2009-554
COUNTY
COUNTY
COUNTY
US CONTINENTAL
COUNTY
COUNTY
COUNTY
This is an undescribed Neotropical species not previously known from the U.S. It has
no economic importance (Dr. Michael C. Thomas).
An Asia silvanid previously known from southeastern coastal counties (Dr. Michael C.
Thomas).
Slight
E2009-878
E2009-781
E2009-844
COUNTY
COUNTY
COUNTY
This is a rare bug (David C. Ziesk).
This is an Asian introduction. The bugs were found first in Miami, also preying on
Pseudacysta perseae, the avocado lace bug (Dr. Susan E. Halbert).
A live sample was submitted by a seasonal resident from an infested state. The bugs
were found in a box from the car or the motor home.
Introduced and established in South Florida. This is the northernmost record for this
species (Dr. G.B. Edwards).
Oncopeltus cingulifer
brown
marmorated stink
bug
Bradenton, FL
Citrus
J. 'Eric Cronin
E2009-743
Halyomorpha halys
Hernando, FL
Alachua
0.01 Moderate
lace bug
predator
Gainesville. FL
0.01
Stethoconus
praefectus
fruit fly
Residence;
24-Feb-2009 found on
domestic cat
1
Pseudiastata
nebulosa
seed bug
1
Tempyra biguttula
Home
Botany
Entomology
Nematology
Plant Pathology
Nematology Section
Compiled by Janete A. Brito, Ph.D., and Renato N. Inserra, Ph.D.
This Section analyzes soil and plant samples for nematodes, conducts pest detection
surveys and provides diagnosis of plant problems, in addition to completing
identification of plant parasitic nematodes involved in regulatory and certification
programs. State of Florida statutes and rules mandate the principal part of the
regulatory activity of the section. Analyses of plant and soil samples include those from
in-state programs, plant shipments originating in Florida destined for other states and
countries, as well as samples intercepted in Florida from outside the United States.
Nematodes of Special Interest
Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple) – Meloidogyne javanica
(Treub, 1885) Chitwood, 1949, the Javanese root-knot nematode
was found infecting the roots of this noxious weed during a survey by DPI
staff. Roots were heavily infected and deformed by prominent, bead-like
galls. In November 1994, this species was found on tropical soda apple in
Walton County and reported in TRI-OLOGY. At that time, it was noted that
"unlike cultivated crops, tropical soda apple was not severely damaged by
the population of Javanese root-knot nematode." A root-knot nematode in
the same genus (M. arenaria) was recently reported on tropical soda apple
with a similar concern that the plant will serve as a reservoir for a known
pest of garden tomatoes and many other hosts. Although these species of
root-knot nematodes have been found reproducing on the tropical soda
apple, they are not biological control agents and should not be used as
such. Root-knot nematodes have broad host ranges and are very damaging
pathogens of many agronomic and horticultural crops including most row
and vegetable crops, fruit trees and ornamental plants. DPI continues its
active monitoring of this and other pest plants. (Volusia County, N0900100, Kenneth L. Hibbard, 28 January 2009; Lake County, N09-00170,
Leslie J. Wilbur, 11 February 2009.) (Church and Rosskopt 2005; Inserra,
R.N. 1994; http://www.gri.msstate.edu/research/ipams/ipams.php.) (DPI
circular No. 27 - Tropical Soda Apple Solanum viarum)
Miscanthus sinensis (zebra grass, Chinese silver grass) Pratylenchus zeae Graham, 1951, a root lesion nematode was found
infecting the roots of this ornamental grass. Nematode-infected roots
showed dark lesions on their surface. Morphological and molecular (rDNA)
analyses were used for species identification. As this ornamental grass
becomes more popular in Florida, its pests may become more economically
important. (Santa Rosa County, N09-00152, William L. Robinson, 5
February 2009.)
References
Church, G. T. and E. N. Rosskopt. 2005. First report of the root-knot
nematode Meloidogyne arenaria on tropical soda apple (Solanum
viarum) in Florida. Plant Disease 89: 527.
Inserra, R.N. 1994. Nematology section. TRI-OLOGY 33: 7.
Sample Submissions
2,159 samples:
Morphological Identifications
Molecular Identifications
1,860
299
Certification and Regulatory
Samples
Multistate Certification for
1,392
National and International
Export
California Certification
318
Pre-movement (Citrus
28
Nursery Certification)
Site or Pit Approval (Citrus
6
Nursery and Other
Certifications)
Other Samples
Identifications (invertebrate)
16
Plant Problems
25
Intrastate Survey, Random
75
Molecular Identifications*
299
*The majority of these analyses
involved root-knot nematode species
Collectors submitting five or more samples that were processed
for nematological analysis in January - February 2009
Anderson, James L.
152
Bailey, Wayne W.
11
Bentley, Michael A.
10
Echols, Janie M.
8
Edenfield, Carrie S.
41
LeBoutillier, Karen W.
93
Ochoa, Ana L.
97
Pate, Jo Ann
31
Qiao, Ping
Root galling caused by Meloidogyne
javanica (Javanese root-knot nematode)
on Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple)
Photograph courtesy of J. Lotz and J. A. Brito,
DPI
141
Smith, Larry W.
Spriggs, Charles L.
13
117
Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple)
Photograph courtesy of J. Jeffrey Mullahey,
University of Florida, Bugwood.org
Volume 48, Number 1, January - February 2009
Home
Botany
Entomology
Nematology
Plant Pathology
Plant Pathology Section
Compiled by Robert Leahy
This section provides plant disease diagnostic services and conducts a citrus
germplasm introduction program. The agency-wide goal of protecting Florida
agriculture very often begins with accurate diagnosis of plant problems. Disease
management recommendations are offered where appropriate and available. Our plant
pathologists are dedicated to keeping informed about plant diseases outside Florida in
order to be prepared for potential introductions of new pathogens.
Persea borbonia (red bay) – Raffaelea lauricola, laurel wilt. Collected
at a private home in Volusia County on 23 January 2009. The laurel wilt
pathogen vectored by Xyleborus glabratus, redbay ambrosia beetle, is
capable of attacking and killing several members of the Lauraceae in
addition to red bay, including sassafras, pondspice, spicebush and camphortree. Commercially, the biggest concern is the apparent susceptibility of
many varieties of avocado, most of which are grown in Miami-Dade County.
Sample Submissions
1,425 Samples:
Pathology
Bee
275
4
Citrus Canker
289
Citrus Greening
844
Soil
8
Miscellaneous
5
Dracaena sanderiana (lucky bamboo) – Colletotrichum
dracaenophilum, stem rot. Collected at a grocery store in Duval County
on 9 February 2009. This stem pathogen has probably been introduced into
the US by way of the vast quantities of lucky bamboo propagative material
from Asia.
Hibiscus syriacus (rose-of-Sharon) – Thielaviopsis basicola, root
rot. Collected at a nursery in Gilchrist County on 20 January 2009. The
black root rot pathogen is more commonly found on hollies and pansies, but
it has a wide host range. The fungus prefers cool, wet soils and can be very
difficult to manage once soils are infested. NEW HOST RECORD.
Suriana maritima (bay cedar) – Rhizoctonia sp., root rot. Collected
from a nursery in Palm Beach County on 12 January 2009. NEW HOST
RECORD.
Plant Pathology Sample Report
Following is a table with entries for records of new hosts or new
Foliar symptoms of Raffaelea lauricola
(laurel wilt) on Persea borbonia (red bay
tree)
Photograph courtesy of Bud Mayfield, FDACS
Division of Forestry
geographical areas for samples identified in the current volume's time period
as well as samples of special interest. The tables are organized
alphabetically by plant host.
Plant Species
Plant
Common
Name
Causal Agent
Disease
Name
Location
Type
County
Colletotrichum dracaenophilum (stem rot)
on Dracaena sanderiana (lucky bamboo)
Photograph courtesy of T. Schubert, DPI
Sample
Number
Collector
New
Date Records
Calamagrostis sp.
reed grass
Phyllachora graminis tar spot
nursery
Escambia 21996
William L.
Robinson
22Jan09
Dracaena
sanderiana
lucky bamboo
Colletotrichum
dracaenophilum
stem rot
grocery
store
Duval
22659
Flewellyn
W. Podris
4Feb09
Gossypium sp.
cotton
Kuehneola gossypii
rust
nursery
MiamiDade
21834
Steven P.
Biedler
1Jan09
Hibiscus syriacus
rose-of-Sharon
Thielaviopsis
basicola
root rot
nursery
Gilchrist
21905
Wayne E.
Bailey
20Jan09
Lantana sp.
lantana
Mycovellosiella
lantanae
leaf spot
nursery
Taylor
22715
Wayne E.
Bailey
18Feb09
Persea borbonia
red bay
Raffaelea lauricola
laurel wilt
private
home
Volusia
22257
Jeffrey M.
Eickwort
23Jan09
Persea palustris
swamp bay
Raffaelea lauricola
laurel wilt
private
home
Flagler
22708
Alfred E.
Mayfield
18Feb09
Suriana maritima
bay cedar
Rhizoctonia sp.
root rot
nursery
Palm
Beach
21868
Sallie H.
Simmons
12Jan09
Host
Host

FDACS DPI Tri-ology Volume 48, Number 1, January

Transcription

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