Swords Fatnous In Rotnance And History I Speak For The White Race
Transcription
Swords Fatnous In Rotnance And History I Speak For The White Race
Swords Fatnous In Rotnance And History J UDGE \iVALTER B. JONES MONTGOMEHY, ALABAMA A Rep rint from the Alabama Bible Society Quarterly, April 1957 * I Speak For The White Race J UDGE \ iVALTER B. JONES MONTGO]\[ERY, ALABAMA A Rep rint from The Alabama Lawyer, April, 1957 and T he Montgo mery ( Ala.) Advertiser, ~ l arch 4, 1957 Samford University Library MAJOR THOMAS GOODE JONES, C.S.A. A pm·tmit of Major Jones in full-d1·ess unifo1·m , and his sword which bore the flag of t1'Uce f1'0m Gen. Robert E. Lee at Appomatto:r. Samford University Library SWORDS FAMOUS IN ROMANCE AND HISTORY A T hirteen Paper by B. J ONES J u n GE WALTER Montgomery I I NVITE YOU to come with me tonigh t for the part of an hour and , forgetting the b usy and troubled world about us, summon with me from out of the mists of the world's yesterdays majestic forms that once have been, ancient and h onorable warriors, wh o in the brave days of old wrought imperish able deeds and made history with their swords, and becau se they lived worthily in th e Past seem now to walk the earth again with u s. Turn with me the key of the past. Let T ime r un back and fetch for us incidents from the ages of gold , the d ays when knigh th ood was in Bower. May our thoughts go back through the far-off centuries that are gone as we cons id er the days of old . In fancy, let the ligh ts and shadows of other years play upon us and let cou ntless p ictures form in the mind, p ictures which b ring b ack to us some of the great of the earth who p layed worthy part in the soul stirring events of world history. Remember there are "deeds which should not pass away and names that m us t not with er." So, now, let u s dim the lights of today for awhile as the cu rtain rises on that vast stage of the world , and sum mon up remembrance of things past. As we look back over the storied past, there will come into this Yery room, if we will bu t see the m, some of the noble spirits who live in timeless legends and some who in life b eat their drums upon the ear of History. F or a little w hile we will commune with stately warriors of former generation s, those whose immortal n ames stand out in the life of the world like golden towers in the City of Cod. Great chieftains wh ose memories sh all never pass aw ay will b e our companions for the h alf of an h our, and w e shall behold the dazzling gleam of burnished blade making legend and history. In The Garden O f E den The earl iest mention of the S\\·ord in the Bible ( Gen. 3:2-t ), and it is nwntioned countless times, occurs "hen the serpent tempted Adam, and he ate "of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden," in ' iolat ion of C od 's command. So C od banished ,\ darn from the Carden. You recall the words of the Bible: "H e drove out the rnan; and at the East of the Garden of Eden he pl.tced the Cherubim, and a Barnine; S\\'Ord which turned every way, to guard the ''<IV to the tree of life." · The meaning of this is that the edge of th e sword kept turning in the direction of whoever approach ed it. T he Sword of Saul In 1025 B.C., we learn frorn the Bible tha t Saul, first King of Israel, fought with the Philistines and the men of Israel Heel from before the P hilistines, and fell down slain in the Battle of ~I t. Gilboa. The Philistines p u rsued the retreating Israelites, and follow ed hard upon Saul and his sons, ki ll ing three of his sons. During the battle, an arrow wounded Saul. "Then said Saul unto his arrnourbearer, Draw thy sword. and th rust me through, and abuse me. Bu t his armourbearcr would not; for h e was sore afraid. There- fore Saul took a sword, and fell 11fJ011 it. "And when his armourbearer saw that Saul was d ead , he fell likewise upon his sword, and died with him . "So Saul d ied , and his three sons, and his armourbearer, an d all his rnen, that same day together." The Biblical account just read inspired Vittorio Alfieri, the greatest Itali.m tr;tgic drama tist, to compose his poignant tragedy, Saul. H ere he describes the end of th e king's life, after he has commanded his cousin, Ab ner, to flee with his daua hter, :\Iichal, from the oncorni n~ h osts of Philistia. The hapless king now stands alone on ~Ioun t Gilboa - these are Saul's final thoughts: 0 mv Ch ildren: I was a father. See thvself alone, 0 King; of thy so ma1~y friends and servants, Samford University Library ~o one remains. Inexorable God, Is thv retributory wrath appeased?But thou remain'est to me, 0 Sword; llOW come, ~l y faithful servant in exb·emity. I lark, hark: The haughty howlings of the victors: The flashing of their burning torches glare Before my e~·es already, and I see . Their swords by thousands. - 0 thou v1le Philistia, ~l c shalt thou find, but like a king, here -dead! Solomon's ' Vise Judgment Solomon, King of Israel, nine hundred years before the birth of Christ, is noted for his wealth and wisdom. Under his rule Israel rose to the height of its greatness, and his judgment, in the year 973 B.C., when King of Israel, is one of th e world's best-known judgments. You recall two women came before the Ki ng. They lived together in one house, and each woman was delivered of a child. One of the children died in the night. The mother of the child who lh·ed claimed that the mother whose child had died, slipped her live child from her, and substituted in its place the dead child. So the two women carried the matter to the King for him to determine to which mother the living child belonged, each woman contending that the living child belonged to h er. Solomon listened patiently and said : "The one saith, This is my son that li, eth, and thv son is the dead: and the other saith, ::-\ay; but thy son is the dead, and my son is the living. "And the king said, Bring me a sword. And they brought a sword before the king. "And the king said, Divide the living child in two, and give half to the one, and half to the other. "Then spake the woman whose the living child was unto the king, for h er bowels yearned upon her son, and said she, 0 my Lord, give her the living child, and in no wise slay it. But the other said, Let it be neither mine nor thine, but divide it. 'Then the king answered and said, Give her the living child, and in no wise slay it: she is the mother thereof. "And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king: for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do judgment." The Sword Of Theseus 'When we read the myths and epics of ancient Greece, and are delighted with the stories relating to th e gods and heroes of those old times around 700 B.C., we come to Theseus, the King of Athens, at best a legendary figure. You recall that his father, Aegeus, wearied with the cares of state, once retired for a time to the court of a neighbor, King Pittheus. There he met and fell in love with the king's daugh ter, the Princess Aethra, receiving her hand in marriage. Theseus's father remained in Troezen with his bride for only a few d ays after the wedding. He then journeyed back to Athens. When Aegeus bade his new-wedded wife farewell at the seashore, he laid his sword and sandals under a great block of stone at the entrance to a wood, saying: "If the gods favor our marriage, into which I have not entered lightly, but in order to raise up an heir for my house and my realm, if they grant you a son, rear him in secret and tell no one the name of his father. When he is old enough and strong enough to roll away this rock, lead him to this place, let him fetch out the sword and sandals, travel to Athens, and bring them to me." A son was b orn to Aethra. She named h im Theseus. In obedience to her husband's wish, she never told him who his true father was. "When the boy had become not only strong and beautiful, but brave and steadfast, and showed an inborn knowledge of things, his mother took him to the great stone, on the seashore, revealed his true origin, and bade him fetch forth the objects which would serve to identify h im to his father, and travel to Athens. Theseus pressed his weight against the stone and pushed it aside without difficulty. The sandals he Samford University Library bound to his feet and the sword he strapped to his side." Then, his mother said to him: "Now, go to your father and may the gods protect you." You recall the youth then sixteen years was urged by his old grandfather to take a short and safe way by sea to Athens, but the boy was eager to prove his manhood and deliberately chose a road which was infested by many perils. In declining to follow his grandfather's advice, Theseus asked fretfully, "What would my real father think if as tokens I brought him sandals that were not grayed with dust, and a sword unstained with blood?" Mythology tells us the perils Theseus encountered, among them Procrustes (or the Stretcher ) and the Minotaur. Later he became King of Athens and ruled for many years. When the Amazons, a folk of warrior women, who lived apart from men in Asia in the heroic age, attacked Greece, Theseus carried off their queen Antiope. The Sword Of Damocles Let us now turn the pages of history back to 350 B.C., to the days of the ancient world, when Greece, Sparta and Thebes were in their ascendancy, andrecall a story from the Court of Sicilian tyrant, Dionysius, the story of the famous Sword of Damocles, a phrase now a proverbial expression for uncertainty and danger. It was at the court of the Tyrant Dionysius that the celebrated incident occurred in which the courtier Damocles figured as the principal actor. Cicero says this distinguished sycophant had, after the usual manner of his kind, lauded Dionysius, and ascribed to him such happiness as belongs only to the immortals. In order to rebuke this unseemly flattery, the Tyrant invited Damocles to a banquet. When the courtier arrived and was seated, he glanced upward and beheld above his h ead a sword suspended by a single hair. By this, a concrete parable of the tyrant's own situation, would his master teach his flatterer the peril and precarious tenure of greatness. Alexander Cuts The Gordian Knot One of the most interesting incidents connected with the sword has to do with Alexander the Great, conqueror of the world wh en he was about thirty years old. You will recall that in the Spring, 333 B.C., Alexander and his armv were marching to Phrygia. After brief stays in some of the cities, Alexander continued his course to Gordiu m. I t was here the famous incident occurred, to omit which were a grave crime against the cherished traditions of the human race. "It is the story of the undoing of the Gordian Knot. One of the legendary kings of Phrygia was Gordius, who, when as a peasant plowing in the field , was favored with the descent of the bird of Jove, alighting on the yoke of his oxen. There the eagle sat until the eventide. Clearly this presaged his own and the greatness of his house. The soothsayers of Telmessus interpreted the omen, and a prophetess became his wife. Of this union was born the child Midas, who, when grown to manhood and the state was greatly disturbed with civil commotions, rode with his father and mother in a car into the city. "Meanwh ile an oracle had said that the king whom the people sought should be brought to them in a car. Accordingly Midas was hailed as king by the shouting populace. He thereupon took off the yoke of his oxen, and dedicating it and his chariot to Zeus, fastened them with cords made of the coral tree to the shrine in the acropolis of Gordium. The cord was twisted and fastened in so artfu l a way that the ends were undiscoverable, and the oracle declared that whoever should untie it was destined to win the crown of Asia. Here was an opportun ity which Alexander could not let pass unimproved. On arriving at the city he was shown into the temple, and there beheld the fateful relics, secured , as of old, by their fastenings. As to how he succeeded in loosing the knot, there are two traditions - the one reciting that he drew out the pin which fastened the yoke to the beam and thus detached the yoke itself, and another which says that Alexander, after looking at the knot for a moment, Samford University Library severed the knot at one stroke with his sword." King Arthur's Sword Excalibur One of the best known swords of romance and history is Excalibur, which, so the Chivalric romances tell us, was owned by Arthur, the real or legendary King of the Britons during the sixth century, sometimes called the Golden Age of Chh·alry. King Arthur is the symbol of knighthood in its full flower. The word Excalibur seems to come from the Celt language. It is apparently the name of two swords which belonged to King Arthur - one he unfixed from a miraculous stone after two hundred knights had failed, thus proving himself the man who was to be king. The other sword, and the one we now describe, Arthur received from Vivian, the ~1istress of ~l e rlin . She was also called the Lady of the Lake. Tennyson tells us the sword was "Wrought by the lovely Maiden of the Lake, nine years she wrought it, sitting in the deeps upon the hidden bases of the hills." The sword was Arthur's pride. One day an arm "rose from out of the bosom of th e lake, clothed in white samite, mystic, wonderful, holding the sword." And Arthur rowed across the water and took the sword from the upraised arm. We are told he wore it "like a king." Tennyson, in his touching poem, The Pa.ssing of Arthur, tells how the king recetved a deep wound in a pitched battle with Sir ~ lordred, when "all day long the noise of battle roll'd among the mountains by the winter sea" and how Sir Bedivere bore him to a "chapel nigh the field" where the king could rest from the wounds of battle. Then, Arthur, sensing the approach of death, bade Sir Bedivere to take Excalibur and fling the sword far into the lake. Bedivere hastened to the lake. There he drew forth the brand , Excalibur. As he raised the sword aloft, the moon shone on it and all the pommel and hilt twinkled with diamond sparks, myriads of topaz-lights, and jacinthwork of subtlest jewelry. The sword was so beautiful that Sir Bedivere left it concealed on the margin of the lake among the waterRags. He strode back to King Arthur, who asked him if he had performed his mission, and what he had seen or heard. Sir Bedivere answered that he saw nothing but waves and winds: "I heard the ripple washing in the reeds" And the wild water lapping on the crag." King Arthur realized his knight had not carried out his commandment and told h im it "is a shameful thing for men to lie." He charged Sir Bedivere to go again and throw the brand into the lake. The knight went but he again saw the wonder of the sword, and how curiously and strangely chased, he decided it was too precious a thing to be lost forever from the earth. So, h e h id Excalibur the second time under a tree, and strode back slowly to the dying king. Again King Arthur asked him what h e had seen and heard and he replied: "I heard the water lapping on the crag, And the long ripple washing in the reeds." King Arthur knew that Sir Bedivere was deceiving him and called him unknightly, traitor-hearted, and acc used Sir Bedivere of betraying him for the "richness of the sword." The king said these familiar words: "Woe is me: Authority forgets a dying king." Arthur told the knight that a man may fail in duty twice, and yet the third time "may prosper." He told Sir Bedivere to go again and fling Excalibur into the water and said if you do not, "I will arise and slay thee with mine own hand." Sir Bedivere again quickly arose and ran to the water side, got Excalibur from the bulrushes, clutched it in his hands, and threw the "sword as far into the water as he might." And Tennyson tells us that Excalibur"Made lightnings in the splendor of the moon, And flashing roun d and round, and whirl'd in an arch, Shot like a streamer of the northern morn, Seen wh ere the moving isles of winter shock Samford University Library {6)- By night, with noises of the Northem sea. So flash'd and fell the brand Excalibur: But ere he dipt the surface, rose an arm Clothed in wh ite samite, mystic, wonderful, And caught him by the hilt, and brandish' d him Three times, and drew him under in the mere. And lightly went the other to the King." Sir Bedivere reported all this to the King wh o was satisfied and a little later was carried by the knight down to the lake where he was received by three queens on a dusky barge who carried him "Where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow, Nor ever wind blows loudly; but it lies Deep-meadow' d, happy, fair with orchard lawns And bowery hollows crown' d with summer sea, Where I will heal me of my grievous wound." Pope Urban II, And The F irst Crusade It is now the year 1095, and Pope Urban II is presiding over the council of Clermont, France. Peter the Hermit stands beside him, preaching the First Crusade . In the audience are four archbishops, two hundred and twenty-five bishops, an immense number of clergy. This council of Clermont was a picturesque event in the history of Europe, and the Near East. The Pope, standing on the throne, made a stirring address to the people. Durant pronounces it the most influential speech in history. The Pope said: "Christian warriors, rejoice: for you who without ceasing seek vain pretext for war have today found true ones. You are not now called to avenge not the injuries of men, but injuries offered to God. It is not a town or castle that will reward your valor, but the wealth of Asia, and a land flowing with milk and honey. If you triumph over your foes, the kingdoms of the East will be your heritage. If you are conquered you will have the glory of dying where Christ died. This is the time to prove that you are animated by a true courage, and to expiate so many violences committed in the bosom of peace. When Christ summons you to his defense let no base affections detain you at home. Listen to nothing but the groans of Jerusalem, and remember that the Lord has said, 'He that will not take up his cross and follow me, is unworthy of me.' Gird your swords to your thighs, ye men of might. It is our part to pray, yours to do battle; ourswith Moses - to hold up unwearied hands, yours to stretch forth the sword against the children of Amalek." D uke William Of Normandy An interesting account of the ceremony of knighthood is related in Tales of Chivalry. When William, Duke of Normandy, rendered heroic service to his king, Henry of France. The king said to William with stately courtesy when he surrendered a castle to him: "'Fair Cousin William, so loval and loving a concession as is this o'f thine, at a time when blows were far easier to give, merits more from me than thanks. The fealty of vassal to suzera in is well, but so fair a deed as this of thine is the height of knightly valor. And where such knightly valor doth live the knightly spurs should follow. Kneel before thy lord.' "And as the boy knelt bareheaded before him King Henry with drawn sword gave him the accolade- three smart taps with the flat of the sword on the shoulder and one with the palm of the hand on the cheek. Then said the King: "'William of • ormandy, in the name of God, St. ~Iichael , and St. George, I dub thee knight. Be valiant, bold, and loyal. Speak the truth ; maintain the right; protect the defenceless; succor the distressed; champion the ladies; vindicate thy knightly character, and prove thy knightly bravery and endurance by perilous adventures and valorous deeds. Samford University Library F t•ar Cod, figh t for the faith, and serve th\ suzerain and thy father and faithfully arid 'aliantlv.' "So Duke William was made a knight al the earliest age at which knighthood was conferred." T he Good Swords Of The Cid One of the truly great heroes of h istory and legend is Rodrigo Diaz of Bivar, the Cid Campeador, who is renowned in song and story above any hero of Spain. Th~ Cid had two "sweet transcendent" swords, Tizona and Colada, and with these two swords and his strength of character and his heroic courage, he wrough t mightily. As I recall, the Cid won these two swords in battle with the }.[oors and for many generations after the Cid's death, these two swords were preserved with reYerence. "Colada is a sword of full ancient make : it hath only a cross for its hilt, and on one side are graven the words Si, Si, .. . that is to sav, Yea, Yea: and on the other, No, No. And this sword is in the Royal Armoury at Madrid. That good sword Tizona is in length three qua rters and a half, some little more, and three fu ll fingers wide by the hilt, lessening down to the point; and in the hollow of lhe sword, by the h ilt, in this writing in Roman letters, Ave Maria Gratia plena, Dominus, and on the other side, in the same letters, I am Tizona, which was made in the era 1040, that is to say, in the year 1002." T he life and deeds of The Cid make a golden chapter in the history of the world. It w ill be recalled that The Cid died at Valencia when it was under seigc by King Bucar. When the Sp aniards abandoned Valencia, a short time after the death of The Cid, they carefully embalmed and anointed his body and p laced the body upon a saddle and so arranged the body that to all appearances The Cid was alive. T hey mounted him on his good horse, hung his shield around his neck, and placed his sword, T izona, in his hand, and they raised his ?rm, and fastened it up so subtly tha t 1t was a marvel to see how upright he held the sword. And in this way, the Spaniards escaped from Valencia. They took the body to a Monastery near San Pedro de Cardena and placed it before the high altar, and the old Chronicle of the Cid tells us that "they clad the body in a full noble tarta·ri and in cloth of purple, which the Soldan of Persia had sent him, and put him on hose of the same, and set him in his ivory ch air; and in h is left hand they placed his sword Tizona in its scabbard, and the strings of his mantle in his right. And in this fashion the body of the Cid remained there ten years and more, till it was taken thence, as the history will relate anon. And when his garments waxed old, other good ones w ere put on .'' T here is a very interesting story about an unbeliever who stopped before the body of The Cid in the church to see how nobly he was there seated, having his countenance so fair and comely, and his long beard in such goodly order, and h is sword, Tizona in its scabbard in his left hand, and the strings of his mantle in his right. An unbeliever looking upon The Cid said: "This is the body of that Ruydiez the Cid, whom they say no man in the world ever took by the beard while he lived. . . . I will take him by the beard now, and see what he can do to me." And with tha t he put forth his hand to pull the beard of the Cid; . . . but before his hand could reach it, God, who would not suffer this thing to be done, sent his spirit into the body, and the Cid let the strings of his mantle go from his right h and, and laid hand on his sword Tizona, and drew it a full palm's length out of the scabbard. And when the pagan saw this, h e fell upon his back for great fear." The Skill Of Saladin Saladin ( 1138-1193 ) , the Sultan of Egypt and Syria, is one of the few Oriental personages who do not need any introduction to English and American readers, for Sir Walter Scott in his novel, T he T alisman, has p erformed that friendly office with the warmth and insight of appreciative genius. T he Talisman gives us a stately portrait of the Sultan whose Samford University Library generosity excited the admiration of the Crusaders. Saladin's gentleness, courtesy, and nobility of character, his justice, truthfulness, and generosity, is made familiar by The Talisman to countless readers who know nothing else in Mohammedan history. You recall that Richard the Lion Hearted, in demonstrating his strength before Saladin, took a bar of iron and bent it to the amazement of the Saracen. The Talisman tells the story: "He led the way accordingly to a splendid pavilion, where was everything that royal luxury could devise. DeVaux, who was in attendance, then removed the chappe (capa) or long riding-cloak which Richard wore, and h e stood before Saladin in the close dress which showed tO advantage the strength and symmetry of his person while it bore a strong contrast to the flowing robes which disguised the thin frame of the Eastern monarch. It was Richard's two-handed sword that chiefly attracted the attention of the Saracen - a broad straight blade, the seemingly unwieldy length of which extended well nigh from the shoulder to the heel of the wearer. " 'Had I not,' said Saladin 'seen this brand flaming in the front of battle, like that of Azrael, I had scarce believed that human arm could wield it. Might I request to see the Melech Ric strike one blow with it in peace, and in pure trial of strength?' " 'Willingly, noble Saladin,' answered Richard; and looking around for something whereon to exercise his strength, he saw a steel mace, held by one of the attendants, the handle being of the same metal, and about an inch and a half in diameter. This he placed on a block of wood. "The anxiety of De Vaux for his master's honour led him to whisper in English, 'For the blessed Virgin's sake, beware what you attempt, my liege. Your full strength is not as yet returned; give no triumph to the infidel.' " 'Peace, fool,' said Richard, standing firm on his ground, and casting a fierce glance around; 'thinkest thou that I can fail in his presence?' "The. glittering broadsword, wielded by both 11JS hands, rose aloft to the King's left shoulder, circled round his head, descended with the sway of some terrific engine, and the bar of iron rolled on the ground in two pieces, as a woodman would sever a sapling with a hedgingbill. " 'By the head of the Prophet, a most wonderful blow.' said the Soldan, critically and accurately examining the iron bar which had been cut asunder; and the blade of the sword was so well tempered as to exhibit not the least token of having suffered by the feat it had performed. He then took the King's hand, and looking on the size and muscular strength which it exhibited, laughed as he placed it beside his own, so lank and thin, so inferior in brawn and sinew. "'Ay, look well,' said DeVaux, in English, 'it will be long ere your long jacknape's fingers do such a feat with your fine gilded reaping-hook there.' "'Silence, De Vaux,' said Richard; 'by Our Lady, he understands or guesses thy meaning - be not so broad, I pray thee.' "The Soldan, indeed, presently said 'Something I would fain attempt, though wherefore should the weak show their inferiority in presence of the strong? Yet, each land h ath its own exercises, and this may be new to the ~lelech Ric.' So saying, he took from the floor a cushion of silk and down, and placed it upright on one end. 'Can thy weapon, my brother, sever that cushion?' he said to King Richard. "'No, surely,' replied the King; 'no sword on earth, were it the Excalibur of King Arthur, can cut that which opposes no steady resistance to the blow.' "'Mark, then,' said Saladin; and, tucking up the sleeve of his gown, showed his arm, thin indeed and spare, but which constant exercise had hardened into a mass consisting of nought but bone, brawn, and sinew. He unsheathed his scimitar, a curved and narrow blade, which glittered not like the swords of the Franks, but was, on the contrary, of a dull blue colour, marked with ten millions of meandering lines, which showed how anxiously the metal had been Samford University Library welded by the armourer. Wielding this weapon, apparently so inefficient when compared to that of Richard, the Soldan stood resting his weight upon his left foot, which was lightly advanced; he balanced himself a little as if to steady his aim, then stepping at once forward, drew the scimitar across the cushion, applying the edge so dextrously, and with so little apparent effort, that the cushion seemed rather to fall asunder than to be divided by violence. " 'It is a juggler's trick,' said De Vaux, darting forward and snatching up the portion of the cushion which had been cut off, as if to assure himself of the reality of the feat, 'there is gramarye in this.' ''The Soldan seemed to comprehend him, for he undid the sort of veil which he had hitherto worn, laid it double along the edge of his sabre, extended the weapon edgeways in the air, and drawing it suddenly through the veil, although it hung on the blade entirely loose, severed that also into two parts, which Aoated to different sides of the tent, equally displaying the extreme temper and sharpness of the weapon and the exquisite dexterity of him who used it." Bayard Knights The King Of France ~ o history of the sword would be complete without mention of Bayard, the knight without fear and without reproach. He was the last great outstanding hero of chivalry and the very acme of chivalry. His fame comes not only from his valor and prowess in arms, but from his strength of character and gentleness of nature. In Tales of Chivalry, a writer, A. W. Grube, tells us that on the day of the historic battle of Marignano, between the French and Swiss, ended, that the young King of France, Francis I, who had fought bravely with his troops, desired to recei\'e the rank of knighthood on the field of battle. He wanted to honor Bayard by taking from his hand, the rank of lrnighthood. Our author tells us: "The battle was not decided until the second day. The young king, Francis, was so intoxicated with joy at his first victory, and the sight of so many war- ~ riors who had fou ght bravely for him at his side that he expressed a wish to be dubbed a knight, according to ancient custom, on the battlefield itself, in the presence of so many heroes. He then turned to Bayard and said: "I know no one in the army so universally esteemed as this knight, and I will honor the public voice in him. Yes, my dear friend Bayard, I will receive knighthood from your hand: for he who has in so many battles and conflicts shown himself a perfect knight, has the best right to make knights of others.'' Bayard looked modestly round on the assembled princes and nobles, and replied that such an honor belonged only to them, and that he would never venture to accept it in their presence. It was to no purpose; they themselves encouraged him to accept it. "A king," he said, "is born a knight." "Not at all, not at all," said the king: "I demand it.'' "Be it so then, sire," said Bayard, "and if once were not enough, I would do it a thousand times rather than oppose my sovereign's will." Hereupon the king knelt down. Bayard struck him gently on the back with the Bat of the sword, and said: "Sire, it would do as well, as if it were Roland or Oliver, or Godfrey of Bouillon. In truth, you are the first prince whom I have dubbed a knight. Heaven ?rant ~at you may never take to Bight m war. As Bayard spoke the tears started to his eyes, and he gazed with childish joy on his sword, and said : "Thou, too, my beloved sword, are truly fortunate to have bestowed knighthood on so virtuous and mighty a king. Therefore, I will treasure thee as a relic, prize thee above all other swords, and never draw thee except against Saracens.'' Cyrano's Sword In the year 1655, there lived in France a famous duelist and noted swordsman, Cyrano de Bergerac, who is immortalized in Rostand's great play. We must not content ourselves with thinking of Cyrano as just a hot-tempered swordsman or 10 r Samford University Library common brawler for he symbolizes magnanimity, unselfishness, and beauty of soul. As we read the play, we see Rostand's hero swaggering among his cadets of Gascoigne, fighting off a hundred men because Roxane has smiled upon him, and breathing through the proxy of Christian, the love messages forbidden to his own tongue and at the last dying with his white plume unsoiled. Cyrano's sword is one of the most famous in all literature. You recall the scene in the park occupied by the Sisters of the Cross in Paris, how Cyrano, feeling death coming upon him, makes his last visit to Roxane who was a nun there. But let Rostand tell the story: Cyrano (is seized w ith great shivering, and suddenly rises). Not there! no! not in that arm-chair! (They rush toward him .) Do not support me! Do not! (He leans against the tree.) Nothing but the tree! (Silence.) He is coming. I already feel shod with marble,- gloved with lead! (He grows stiff.) Oh! but!- since he is on the way, I will await him standing (he draws his sword.)- sword in hand! Le Bret. Cyrano! Roxane (in a faltering voice.) Cyrano! (All draw back terrified .) Cyrano. I believe that he is looking, that he dares to look at my nose, the noseless one! (He lifts his sword .) What do you say? It is useless! I know it! But one does not fight with hope of success! No! no! It is a much finer thing when it is useless! What are all those? Are you a thousand? Ah! I recognize you, all my old enemies! Lying? (He strikes the air with his sword.) W ait, wait, Ha h a! the Compromises, Prejudices, Cowardice! (H e strikes.) Shall I make a compact? Never, never! Ah! There you are too, Folly! I know that at last you will put me down; no matter: I fight! I fight! I fight! (Makes wide circles in the air w ith his sword, and stops, panting for breath.) Yes, you have tom everything from me, the laurel and the rose! Take them! In spite of you, there is one thing I shall take with me, and tonight, when I enter God's house, my salutation shall sweep the blue threshold, with some- thing free from creases, free from stain, which I shall carry in spite of you (he raises his sword h igh),- and that is(The sword escapes from his hand, he totters, and falls into the arms of Le Bret and Ragueneau. ) Roxane (bend ing over him and kissing his forehead.) That is? Cyrano (opens his eyes, recognizes her, and with smile says): My plume. Surrender Of Cornwallis It is now October 9, 1781. The American Revolution is drawing to a close, and Lord Cornwallis, the British commander, surrounded by the combined American and French forces at Yorktown, is ready to surrender. At the moment of surrender, Lord Cornwallis feigned illness and sent his sword to Wash ington by General O'Hara of the British Army. Washington directed that the British commander's sword be received by General Lincoln, who had been forced to surrender Charleston to the British, and Washington directed General Lincoln, after receiving the sword, to hand it back to General O'Hara to take it to the British commander with Washington's compliments. Lord Nelson's Sword Owned By An American In New York City It is interesting to note that one of the world's most prized swords is owned by H ugh Bullock, an American living in New York City. It seems that many years ago, Lord Nelson's sword was sold at auction at Christie's in London. An agent of the British Museum was there to bid on the sword, but somehow, to the great distress of the museum, he fa iled to bid when the sword was put up for auction. It was bought by the Bullock family and is now owned by them. It is interesting to note that on the desks of 400 of the most distinguished men on earth, even in remote corners of th e world, a visitor is apt to see a silver paper cutter that is a miniature reproduction of the dress sword bv Lord Nelson. Presidents, kings, shahs, princes, prime ministers, great military leaders, Samford University Library ambassadors, cabinet members, chiefs of staff own them. The possession of this miniature silver reproduction of Lord Nelson's sword ind icates that the owner has spoken before the Cah in Bullock Forum, a unique organization started in 1937 to educate financiers and lawyers and others on the latest de,·elopments in periods of national or international crisis. Napoleon Gives His Sword To A Captured General An incident showing the romantic and chi,·alrous streak in Napoleon is told by Caulincourt in his book dealing with the im·asion of Russia, a book which was not published until a century after the death of the author. Caulincourt tells us that Napoleon was always disturbed when his army brought him no prisoners. Once, however, a Russian general was captured by the French , and at once brought before Napoleon. The Emperor, always a stickler for military etiquette, asked the Russian where his sword was. He replied that it had been taken away from him. Thereupon, Xapoleon dramatically unbuckled his own sword and gave it to the Russian general. There was a very historic and touch ing scene in December, 1840, at Paris in the Church of the Invalides when Louis Phillipe, King of France, surrounded by all the great officers of State, stepped forward to receive the remains of :\apoleon which had been brought to France from St. Helena, where he was banished and where he died in 1821. "Sire," said his son, Prince de Join,·ille, "I p resent to you the body of the Emperor :'\apoleon." "I receive it," replied the King, "in the name of France." Then taking from the hand of Marshal Soult, the sword of Napoleon, and presenting it to General Bertrand, who had accompanied the Emperor to Elba and St. Helena, the King said: "General, I charge you to place this glorious sword of the Emperor upon his coffin." Today, sealed in the monolithic sar- cophagus of red granite, the Emperor's sword rests forever on his coffin. Seven years later, the ashes of Napoleon's great and good friend, General Bertrand, were placed by the side of Nap oleon's tomb. General Bragg's Presentation Sword Dr. Norborne R. Clarke, Jr., a distinguished physician of Mobile, is the owner of a sabre which was presented to General Braxton Bragg by the citizens of Mobile in 1849, in recognition for his d istinguished services in the Mexican War. This sabre was carried by General Bragg during his entire services in the Confederate Army. It is a b eautiful weapon of great intrinsic and historic value. D r. Clarke, in an article read before the Alabama Historical Association at its April meeting, 1956, wrote that : "General Bragg's fine presentation saber was purchased by p ublic subscrip tion among the citizens of Mobile, and presented to him in 1849 while he was on leave from the Army and living in Alabama. The decoration, while rich, is tasteful and restrained, and the lines of the sword are strong and functional. The curved blade is single-edged, with a false-edge extending 6 inches b ack from the point. A broad fuller, or groove, begins at the ricasso (base) and runs to within six and one-half inches of the point. The blade is decorated on the obverse side with bright etched designs on a dull background. These comprise floral sprays, a military trophy and b ears a central panel inscribed 'Fort BrownMonterey-Buena Vista.' The back of the blade is etched with a floral spray. The grips are of solid silver onlaid with a gold panel on each side. The obverse panel is carved to represent Hercules strangling the Numean Lion, which was a favorite heroic decoration motif found on presentation swords of this p eriod. The reverse panel is inscribed 'Presented by the Citizens of Mobile as a Testimonial of their Admiration of the Gallant conduct of Major Braxton Bragg in defense of Fort Brown, the attack on Monterey, and more particularly in Contributing Greatly as he did to the Glorious Samford University Library i I Victory of Buena Vista.' The pommel is an eagle's head holding in its beak a wreath of oak leaves and acorns. While decorative, this wreath also serves as the hole for the sword-knot. The buckle-bow, which attaches to the wreath, is rococo in design with leaf and rosette decoration. On either side of the quillon, as they cross the blade, are langets (shieldlike plaques) which bear heavy floral borders. The obverse langet has a gold background engraved with a version of the original seal of the State of Alabama which consists of an oak tree bearing a map showing the three main rivers of the State. The reverse langet is plain. The free quillon terminates at the back of the blade in a heavy scroll. The entire hilt, except for the grips, is of silver gilt. These vands on the obverse side are richly ornamented with a floral border and a central group showing the agricultural products of the South. On the reverse side, the upper band bears a gold plate inscribed 'Ames Mfg. Company, Cabotville, Mass.' The tip of the Scabbard bears the conventional type drag which is silver gilt.'' John Brown And George W ashington's Sword Clement Eaton, in his A H istory of the Old South , tells a very interesting event connected with John Brown's raid at Harpers F erry, and in all American history, there is no more brutal and repugnant figure than John Brown. Eaton's story is this: "The arsenal at Harpers Ferry was easily captured and Brown sent out a detachment into the countryside to arouse the slaves and to capture Colonel Lewis Washington, a planter related to George Washington who owned the sword that Frederick the Great had presented to Washington. John Brown girded himself with this historic sword as he stood a siege and an attack in the fire engine house of the arsenal grounds by United States marines under Colonel Robert E. Lee. Lee sent Captain 'Jeb' Stuart, later to become the famous cavalry leader of the Confederacy, to demand that Brown and his followers surrender. When this demand was refused, a small attacking party led by Lieutenant Israel Green battered down the door of the arsenal and Green wounded Brown with his sword. This officer wore onl)' a light dress sword which broke in his hands as he struck the fanatical leader and consequently Brown survived to become a martyr." The Sword Of Robert Lee Dear to every Southerner's heart are the poems of Father Ryan, the "poetpriest of the Confederacy," whose great poem, "The Conquered Banner" is regarded, as the "requiem of the Lost Cause. Father Ryan's poems have many merits, among them simple sublimity, rare and chaste beauty of conception, richness and grandeur of thought; and "the refined elegance and captivating force of the terms he employs as the medium through which he communicates these thoughts" are merits peculiarly Father Rvan's own. He was a Southerner of the m'ost pronounced kind. He refused to make anv concession to the \'ictorious North that he could withhold from them; and in the dark and cruel days of Reconstruction he refused to bow before and kiss the hands that were uplifted against his people and land. The sword of General Lee inspired Father Ryan to write his noblest poem, The Sword of Robert L ee, and no poem is more stirring and beautiful in thought and in words, than this poem. Thousands of Southern school children have learned the poem by heart and, through the years since it was written, the poem has been recited on countless school platforms and is a never-failing favorite recitation on Confederate Memorial Day. The sword referred to by Father Ryan was presented to General Lee in 1863, and is now in the Confederate ~luseum at Richmond, Virginia. ~lay I read the more familiar stanzas of this beautiful poem: "Forth from its scabbard, pure and bright, Flashed the sword of Lee! Far in the front of the deadly fight, Samford University Library lligh o'er the brave in the cause of Hight Its stainless sheen, like a beacon light Led us to Victory! Forth from its scabbard! How we prayed, That sword might victor be; And when our triumph was delayed, And many a heart grew sore afraid, \\'e still hoped on while gleamed the blade Of noble Robert Lee! Forth from its scabbard all in vain Bright flashed the sword of Lee; 'Tis shrouded now in its sheath again, It sleeps the sleep of our noble slain, Defeated, yet without a stain, Proud and peacefully!" The Sword Which Bore Lee's Flag Of Truce At Appomattox In a glass case in Department of Archives and History at Montgomery is preserved the old cavalry sabre, which bore General Lee's flag of truce to General Grant, Palm Sunday, April 9, 1865, " hen General Lee surrendered the Army of :\Torthern Virginia. History tells us that the night before the surrender, General Lee held a council of war with his generals. Upon their ad\'ice, he resolved to cut through the federal lines early next morning, if this could be done. Lieutenant General John B. Gordon, who for several days had covered the rear of the army, was ordered to the front to lead Lee's last charge. That night, the tired Confederates sank down to rest where they halted. They had had neither food nor sleep, and were too weak and weary to build camp fi res. Sunday morning, April 9, at half past fi ve, General Gordon advanced his line. A young Confederate major, Gordon's Aide-de-camp, who rode at the head of the gray host that morning, describes the dying hour of the Army of Northern Virginia: "A proud array it was, although the men were so worn, jaded and famished, that many could hardly carry their muskets. Divisions had dwindled to the number of full regiments, and regiments and companies were represented by a few files of men; but the colors of nearly all of the organizations remained. "The sharp skirmish fire soon grew~n to a furious and heavy volume of musketry. The ever faithful Carter joined in with his deep-toned guns. The cavalry on our right pressed forward at a gallop, and wild and fierce shouts resounded throughout the heavens. As the sun drove away the Sunday morning mist, it looked down upon a scene that will forevermore thrill Southern hearts. In a steady line, sustained on the left by artillery, which flamed forth at every step, with cavalry charging fiercely on the right, the Confederate line of battle, scarlet almost from the array of battle flags floating over it, went forth to death, driving before it masses of blue cavalry and artillery. "Spring was just budding forth, and the morning sun, glistening from budding leaf and tree, shed a halo about the red battle flags with the starry cross, as if nature would smile on the nation that was dying there." When it was seen that the Army of Northern Virginia was hopelessly outnumbered and was surrounded by the Federal forces, General Gordon, carrying out a previous understanding with General Lee, sent out a flag of truce. This flag of truce was carried by his Aide-de-camp, Thomas Goode Jones of Alabama. The flag itself was a linen napkin in which had been wrappe~ a piece of cake given the major the day before by a loyal Confederate housewife. Placing the white linen napkin on his cavalry sabre, Major Jones rode rapidly away toward the Federal lines. In the early morning hour in the smoke of battle, he was fired on by both sides, but managed to get safely through the zone between the two armies. On entering the federal lines, the Confederate officer first met Sgt. Major William Shore of the !55th Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1st Division, Fifth Army Corps, General Griffin command ing. ~ 14 r Samford University Library j The sergeant-major directed the young officer to Brevet Major General Joshua L. Chamberlain of Maine, who was a division commander. In a paper on Appomattox, read October 7, 1903, before the commandery of New York, Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, General Chamberlain tells in the following beautiful language of Major Jones's arrival at his lines with General Lee's flag of truce on that historic Palm Sunday in April, 1865: "Suddenly rose to sight another form, close in our own front - a soldierly figure, handsomely dressed and mounted a Confederate staff officer undoubtedly, to whom some of my advance line seemed to be pointing my position. Now I see the white flag earnestly borne, and its possible purport sweeps before my inner vision like a wraith of morning mist. He steadily comes on, - the mysterious form in gray, my mood so whimsically sensitive that I could even smile at the material of the flag, - wondering where in either army was found a towel and one so white. But it bore a mighty message, - that simple emblem of homely service, wafted hitherward above the dark and crimson streams that can never wash themselves away. "The messenger draws near, dismounts; with graceful salutation and hardly suppressed emotion delivers his message: 'Sir, I am from General Gordon, General Lee desires a cessation of hostilities until h e can hear from General Grant as to the proposed surrender.' "What word is this I so long, so dearly, fought for, so feverishly dreamed, but ever snatched away, held hidden and aloof; now smiting the senses with dizzy flash! 'Surrender' - we had no rumors of this from the messages that had been passing between Grant and Lee, for now these two days, behind us. 'Surrender?' It takes a moment to gather one's speech, 'Sir,' I answer, 'that matter exceeds mv authority. I will send to my superior:· General Lee is right. H e can do no more. All this with forced calmness, covering a tumult of heart and brain. I bid him wait awhile, and the message goes to my corps commander, General Griffin, !.caving me amazed at the boding change. Later, Major Jones rode back to his own lines, to where General Lee was sitting on the road about a mile from Appomattox Court House, on some rails near an apple orchard, waiting to hear from General Grant. Thus came to an end one of the most memorable and hard fought wars in all history, and the sword which bore the flag of truce that helped to bring this tragic fratricidal strife to an end, rests h ere today in Alabama forever preserved among the treasured archives of the State. · And now, the evening wanes, rusty red Mars swings silently across the "infinite meadows of heaven." The new moon. with the old moon in her arms, will mount the skies when day glimmers in the east. The ancient and honorable warriors, who lived in the olden days when the sword, most romantic of all weapons, ruled all things, depart from us. Their h·easured blades which, in fancy, we have seen shining tonight are forever sheathed. On the morrow, as we face life's grim and formidable challenges, may we draw strength, courage, and determination from the characters and deeds of those who tonight came from out the majestic corridors of Time to keep company with us and be our illustrious and ennobling companions for a brief while. { 1s r Samford University Library JUDGE WALTER B. JONES and FRIEND. Samford University Library I Speak for the \Vhitc Race* By JuocE WALTER B. JoNES Montgomery SENATOR CARMACK of Tennessee in 1925 made a speech in the U.S. Senate in defense of the South which was then, as now, under vicious attack. H e began his address by saying: "I speak, Sir, for my native state, for my native South." Today I paraphrase the senator's words by saying: "I speak for the White Race, my race," because today it is being unjustly assailed all over the world. It is being subjected to assaults here by radical newspapers and magazines, communists and the federal judiciary. Columnists and photographers have been sent to the South to take back to the people of the North untrue and slanted tales about the South . Truly a massive campaign of super-brainwashing propaganda is now being directed against the white race, particularly by those who envy its glory and greatness. Because our people have pride of race we are denounced as bigoted, prejudiced, racial propagandists and hate-mongers by those who wish an impure, mixed breed that would destroy the white race by mongrelization. The in tegrationists and mongrelizers do not deceive any person of common sense with their pious talk of wanting only equal rights and opportunities for other races. Their real and £nal goal is intermarriage and mongrelization of the American people. When members of the white race point with pride to its impressive record and call impartial History to witness its technical and political supremacy through the centuries, its cultural creati\·eness, we are sneered at as breeders of race hatred. Pseudo-scientists tell us there is no such thing as a superior race. We ru·e assured by them that the white race will some day be forced into an inferior place by the colored races of the world and that the day of white leadership is nearing its end. Students of race recognize three main divisions: vVhite, ~lon goloid, and Negroid, each created by God with differ ent qualities, instincts, and characteristics, transmissible by descent. ° From "Off The Bench," published in the 4, 1957. ~ Ion tgomery Ad vertiser, }.!arch Samford University Library The white or Caucasian race includes peoples whose skin color may be white, pink, ruddy or light brown. Their hair is usually wavy or straight. It is never "dead black" or woolly. The white race includes the tall blonds of Northwest Europe, the Scandinavians, Norwegians, Dutch, Swedes, Russians and also the French, Germans, English, Italians and Americans, and further, the Greeks, the Jews, the Bretons, the Irish, the Scotch, the Welsh, the Arabs, the Spanish and Portuguese. So let us now study a little history and inquire if the white race has any justification for pride in its contributions to world civilization and leadership. Members of the white race have ever been the world's discoverers and explorers, and from our race have come bold spirits like Lief the Red, Columbus, Vasco da Gama, Balboa, Magellan, Cabot, Drake, La Salle, Byrd and Peary. Consider sculpture: The white race has produced Praxiteles, Myron, Phidias, Donatello, Houdon, Rodin, Thorwaldsen, St. Gaudens, Daniel Chester French, Canova, Bernini, and Herbert Adams. When you listen and enjoy b eautiful music remember the great mus1c1ans: ~1ozart, Bach, Chopin, Beethoven, Handel, Liszt, Brahms, vVagner and Verdi, are of the white race. No race has produced poets who compare with our poets: Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Pindar, Lucretius, and Dante; in the English-speaking world, Shakespeare, Milton, Byron, Bums, Wordsworth, Pope, Shelley, Tennyson, Whitman, Rosetti, Lanier and Poe. \Vhen you come to consider the eminent artists of the ages, the white race takes pride in its Fra Angelico, Michaelangelo, Boticelli, Velasquez, Raphael, Titian, Rembrandt, VanDyck, Rubens, Gainsborough, Millet, Corot, Landseer, Whistler, Benjamin West, Edwin A. Abbey and Gilbert Stuart. The best in literature comes, too, from white authors: Homer, Cervantes, Montaigne, Victor Hugo, Sir Walter Scott, Charles Dickens, Tolstoy, Hans Christian Andersen, Ruskin, Robert Louis Stevenson, Rudyard Kipling, Thackeray and Macaulay. The white race is proud of its philosophers: Socrates, Plato, Maimonides, Aristotle, Spinoza, Francis Bacon, Locke, Descartes, Kant, Hume and Spencer. Practically all useful inventions have been made by members of the white race: The airplane, steamboat, steel, wireless telegraphy, telephone, the telescope, the typewriter, the X-ray, movable type, the rotary. printing press, the sewing machine, the cotton gin, the steam engme, the automobile, the motion picture machine, and the incandescent light bulb. Samford University Library From the ranks of the white race have come the world's great law-givers, statesmen and jurists, among them: Solon of Athens, Gaius, Justinian, Grotius, Coke, Jefferson, Blackstone, Wilson, George Mason and Marshall. Among the historians of the world the white race can claim Xenophon, Thucydides, Herodotus, Plutarch, Tacitus, J. R. Greene, J. A. Froude, Bancroft, Prescott and Carlyle. When you consider the great surgeons and medical men the white race can claim : Hippocrates, Galen, Vessalius, Pare, William Harvey, John Hunter, Crawford Long, J. Marion Sims, Cushing and Keen. Remember that Christ, a Jew, is the founder of Christianity. Recall, too, other great religious leaders: Moses, David, Solomon, Judas Maccabeus, John Knox, John Huss, Tyndale, Miles Coverdale, and John Wycliffe. Every one of the 57 signers of the Declaration of Independence and every one of the 39 signers of the Federal Constitution was a member of the white race. When you look up at the universe of stars and galaxies, recall some of the white race's astronomers and scientists: Copernicus, Galileo, Herschel, Halley, Kepler, Newton and Sir James Jeans. So, when you call the roll of the world's noble and useful spirits, the men and women of the white race stand up in honor and glory with a just pride in the race's achievements. We have all kindly feelings for the world's other races, but we will maintain at any and all sacrifices the purity of our blood strain and race. \Ve shall never submit to the demands of integrationists. The white race shall forever remain white. Samford University Library Samford University Library