Graphalloy Presentation

GRAPHITE METALLIZING CORPORATION
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GRAPHALLOY BUSHINGS FOR
VERTICAL & HORIZONTAL PUMPS
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What We Will Review Today…
 Typical Pump Problems
 What is GRAPHALLOY®?
 Grades and Characteristics
 Vertical Pump Applications
 Horizontal Pump Applications
 Tests Results
 Design Considerations
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Typical Pump Problems?
 Low Lubricity Fluids
 Extremely Hot or Cold Temperatures
 Run-Dry Transients
 Transient Upsets
 High Vibration Levels
 Frequent Starts & Stops
 Corrosive Attack
 Slow rolling stand-by
These are all problems where Graphalloy can help!
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What is GRAPHALLOY®?
GRAPHALLOY is a family of graphite/metal alloy materials commonly
used for wear rings, bushings and bearings due to its non-galling, selflubricating properties.
GRAPHALLOY is a proprietary material owned by the Graphite
Metallizing Corp.
GRAPHALLOY has been successfully solving pump applications
problems for over 60 Years
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Typical GRAPHALLOY® Grades
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Typical Pump Grades
Babbitt GRAPHALLOY®
This tin based general purpose grade is widely
used in pumps for water, light hydrocarbons and a
variety of chemicals for temperatures under 300oF
Bronze GRAPHALLOY®
Bronze materials are used where higher
temperatures preclude the use of the babbitt
materials. It is not used where H2S is present.
Nickel GRAPHALLOY®
This premium grade (GM 111.3) provides wide
corrosion resistance, it has an excellent long
duration run-dry capability and high temperature
ratings. This is the best choice for demanding
pump applications.
Other grades for special purpose applications
Typical Grades chart click here
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GRAPHALLOY® Advantages
 Self-Lubricating
 Low Coefficient of Friction
 Non-galling
 Submersible
 Dimensionally Stable
 Low coefficient of thermal
expansion

Under load

When submerged
 Corrosion Resistant

At high temperatures
 Handles Thermal Shock
 Wide Temperature Range
 Cryogenic to 750 F+
 Works in Low Lubricity Fluids
 Runs dry – Keeps on Running
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GRAPHALLOY® Applications
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Typical Applications

Hydrocarbons (especially low viscosity fluids)

Liquid Gases (CO2, LNG, Propane, Butane, etc)

Boiler Feed / Condensate – hot water

Deep Wells (water and storage caverns)

Geo-thermal

Sump pumps
Anytime there is a risk of marginal lubrication or system
upsets leading to run-dry
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Horizontal Pump Applications
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Case Wear Rings
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Positive Displacement Pumps
Pumping hot, gritty, low lubricity creosote - MTBF was only 150 hours.
After customer tried bronze, carbon and tungsten carbide, switching to GRAPHALLOY increased service
life to 400 hours in these Viking pumps. Nearly 3X the life.
SERVICE LIFE INCREASED FROM 150 HOURS TO 400 HOURS
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What Does It Cost To Repair a Pump?
 Pull the Pump
 Build Rotor
 Ship
 Balance Rotor
 Disassembly and Inspection
 Clean & Make Ready
 Quote Repair
 Build Pump / Airtest Seals
 Generate P.O.
 Paint / Prep
 Parts

Shaft, Rotating Rings,
Sleeves, Bearings,
 Ship
 Install / Motor Alignment
 Cross our Fingers
Mechanical Seals
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Wall Thickness Requirements
Bushings
Case Rings
DIA
(up to)
Wall
Thickness
1/4”
1/8”
3/4”
3/16”
1 1/2”
1/4”
2”
3/8”
6”
1/2”
DIA
(up to)
Wall
Thickness
4 1/2”
1/4”
5”
5/16”
6”
3/8”
9”
7/16”
11”
1/2”
Recommended Wall Thickness

Wall thickness requirements depend, in part, on how the bushing will be installed.

The table provides guidance for pressed in bushings

Requirements for thinner walls can be accommodated by machining the bushing,after installation, in a metal housing.

Where the bushing will be supporting loads of greater than 500 PSA, the wall thickness should be 3/8” minimum and normally ½” to 5/8”.

Bushings subject to these relatively high loads are normally found with slower moving shafts in equipment other than centrifugal pumps.
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Typical Running Clearance
Running Clearance

GRAPHALLOY material does not gall, thereby allowing closer running clearances than are normally
established by pump manufacturers for metal bushings or rings.

Since GRAPHALLOY is self-lubricating, the rotating parts of the pump may contact the GRAPHALLOY
ring or bushing during start-up without significant effect.

During operation, GRAPHALLOY will self-lap to conform to the rotating part, increasing the bearing area
and slowing long term wear.
The following diametrical running clearances are typical at the operating temperature:
Horizontal Pumps
Vertical Pumps
DIA (up to)
Clearance
¾”
.003”
1”
.004”
1 ½”
.005”
2”
.005”
3”
.006”
4”
.007”
DIA (up to)
Clearance
3”
.004”
4”
.004”
5”
.005”
6”
.006”
9”
.009”
15”
.015”
Notes: Unusual conditions, such as viscous liquids may require additional clearances. For improved efficiency, even tighter clearances may be used.
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Recommended Running Clearances
Impeller Wear Ring
Diameter
TO 2.499”
GRAPHALLOY
Industry
Standard
API Standard
.004”
.008”
.011”
2.500 TO 2.999”
.005”
.009”
.012”
3.000 TO 3.499”
.006”
.010”
.014”
3.500 TO 4.499”
.007”
.011”
.016”
4.500 TO 4.999”
.008”
.012”
.016”
5.000 TO 5.999”
.009”
.013”
.017”
6.000 TO 6.999
.009”
.014”
.018”
7.000 TO 7.999
.010”
.015”
.019”
8.000 TO 8.999”
.010”
.016”
.020”
9.000 TO 9.999”
.011”
.017”
.021”
10.000 TO 10.999
.011”
.018”
.022”
11.000 TO 11.999
.012”
.019”
.023”
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Press Fit Calculations
Press Fit Factor: multiply housing ID by the following factor to arrive at the minimum bushing OD
Design Temperature
Material (Housing)
400SS
Up to 300°F/
140°C
1.002
300°F/140°C
to
500°F/260°C
1.002
500°F/260°C to
700°F/370°C
700°F/370°C
and Higher
1.003
Carbon Steel or
Cast Iron
1.002
1.003
1.004
300SS
1.003
1.004
1.005
Discuss with
Yonkers
Engineering
Recommended Press Fits

A press fit is the primary means used to hold a GRAPHALLOY bushing into its housing. The press fit must be sufficient to
hold the bushing securely at the operating temperature.

A shoulder is recommended on the low pressure side of the housing so that the bushing cannot be pressed out by
differential pressure.

The different thermal coefficients of expansion of the bushing, housing and shaft must be considered when determining
the bushing press fir. Typical press fits range from .004” for small bushings at ambient temperatures to .025” for large
bushings at elevated temperatures in stainless steel housings. Factory applications engineers will give you specific
recommendations.
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Bushing Sizing Guide - Pumps
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Pressing in Bushings & Rings
Normal method of pressing GRAPHALLOY bushing into housing using an
Arbor or Hydraulic Press
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Press Fits


Essential that GRAPHALLOY® Inserts retain a press fit
GRAPHALLOY® coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately
½ that of carbon steel
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I.D. Close In

Bushing ID will close-in after press fit

Total close-in is approximately 100% of the press fit

90% of the close-in is nearly immediate

Remainder of close-in can take up to 24 hours
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Chamfers

Bushings receive .03x45 degree Chamfers ID and OD

Leading edge of housing should also have chamfer
•
•
aids in alignment of bushing to housing
prevents shaving of Graphallloy OD
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Housing Design
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Anti-Rotation Devices
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Refer to the ‘Bearing Design for Pumps’ section of our ‘Pumps
Application Guide’ for Design Notes
Includes:
 Load Handling
 Pressure Differentials
 Recommended Wall Thicknesses
 Recommended Press Fits
 Running Clearance
 Spiral I.D. Groove
 …and more
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Case Histories
&
Articles
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Case History: Deep Well Pumps
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Case History: LNG Pumps
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Case History: MS Centrifugal Charge Pump
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Case History: High Temp Pump
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Fire Water Pumps
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Other Pump Applications

Gear Pumps

Vertical Inline Pumps

Horizontal Process Pumps – Throttle bushing

Magnetic Drive Pumps

Two Stage and Double Suction Overhung Process Pumps
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Summary
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In Summary:
GRAPHALLOY® has these advantages
 Self-Lubricating
 Dissipates Heat
 Non Galling
 Low Coefficient of Thermal
 Dimensionally Stable
Expansion

Under load
 Handles Thermal Shock

When Submerged
 Runs Dry / Keeps Operating

At high temperatures
 Wide Temperature Range
 Reduces cost of operation
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CONCLUSION…A Pump Fitted with
GRAPHALLOY® wear parts:
 Survives system upsets that would cause a metal-fitted pump to seize
immediately.

Produces a higher efficiency and greater out-put than the same pump
with metal stationary parts.

Has lower vibration levels.
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GRAPHALLOY® - OTHER APPLICATIONS
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Power Plant Applications
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Power Plant Applications

Condensate Pump Bushings

Boiler Feed Pump Wear Rings

Damper/Fan Pillow Block Bearings

General High Temperature Applications

Turbine Seal Rings
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GRAPHALLOY® Works in Petro-Chem Applications
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Non-Pump Applications



Dampers and Louvers
Heat Exchangers
Oil Field Flares
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GRAPHALLOY® Works in Damper & Other
Air- Handling Equipment

Pillow blocks & flanges in
Dampers

Bushings for wind boxes
controlling combustion in power
plants

Fans & blowers
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Double Louvers
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GRAPHALLOY® Can Also Supply Rubber Bearings
to your Specifications
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THANK
YOU
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