FamaSil coupling agents

Selection Guide
Silane Coupling Agents
Famasil Silanes
Si – OR3
Y
Organofunctional
Group
Linker
Silicon atom Hydrolyzable
group
3 H2O
R’
3 (HOR)
Si (OH)3
Silanes are extremely versatile
products that can react with a
wide variety of organic and
inorganic materials. Their unique
ability as coupling agents,
crosslinking agents and surface
modifiers have been proven in an
ever-increasing number of
applications, ranging from
adhesives to coatings to
composites to polymer
modifications.
The benefits of moisture curable silanes
that can impart to these end-use
applications are highlighted below.
Si
Si – O – Si
O
As coupling agent for use in:
Adhesives
Sealants
Wet adhesion, Adhesion
to difficult substrates.
Glass
fiber
Resiliency of insulation
batts, wet strength &
electrical properties.
Filler
Treatment
Filler dispersion in
thermoset and
thermoplastic resins.
Textiles
Water repellency
Dye receptivity
Hand feeling
As crosslinkers for use in:
Coatings
Printing inks
Chemical resistance,
corrosion resistance,
weatherability,
scrub resistance,
wet adhesion, release
and wetting.
Thermoplastics
Rubbers &
Elastomers
Elevated temperature
application, toughness,
abrasion resistance,
rolling resistance, wet
electrical properties.
Foundry,
Crude oil
Extraction and
More…
Core strength…
Famasil Silanes in …
INDUSTRIAL COATINGS
Applications cover corrosion resistant
coatings, silicone sealants, glass
coatings, wood coatings, wire enamel
coatings, and textile waterproofing.
The key-drivers today are application
techniques, diversity of systems and
substrates and growing environmental
concerns.
The continuing challenge for the
industry is the need to reduce VOC’s,
HAPS and chromium, enhance the
durability and adhesion on multiple
substrates and obtain higher
performance from organic systems. In
response manufacturers of industrial
coatings have been developing
waterborne coatings, high solids, low
volatile organic components, radiation
cure and powder coatings.
Acrylics, epoxies, and different types
of polyurethanes have been
developed into one-component, silane
modified systems in order to adapt
their property sets to different end-use
applications. These moisture curable
systems have been chosen for their
noticeable improvement in
mechanical-, weathering- as well as
surface properties.
Industrial coatings for example show
both improved durability, higher heat
resistance, but also wider adhesion
latitude thanks to Famasil silanes.
Inorganic substrates such as
aluminum, concrete or glass, are
made water-repellent and also more
resistant to different environmental
conditions when treated with silanes.
Change in surface properties of
coatings will increase their gloss and
render them more weather-and-stainresistant. This is why Famasil silanes
are now considered more and more
for their overall contribution to
mechanical properties, chemical and
water resistance.
ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS
Major applications are polyurethane
adhesives in automotive- and
construction- glazing, epoxy and EVA
hot melt adhesives for assembly and
packaging, silicone, acrylic and hybrid
construction sealants.
Drivers are reduced priming and
preparation steps, increased
adhesion profiles on unprimed
substrates, higher-modulus and
elimination of free isocyanates in
urethane adhesives.
used in construction and automotive
markets. Titanium dioxide for use in
plastics is also treated to promote the
dispersion in plastics.
Famasil silanes have always been an
important adhesion promoter for
sealants and adhesives in
construction and glazing applications.
Key drivers for the use of silane and
silicone coupling agents are primarily
reinforcing properties, improvement in
electrical properties as well as easier
dispersion for highly loaded minerals.
The increasing use of hybrid systems
has allowed silanes to expand their
functionality.
Famasil silane coupling agents
enhance dry- and wet- adhesion
properties for a wide range of
sealants and adhesives in
automotive, construction and
industrial applications and
assemblies.
FILLED AND REINFORCED
PLASTICS & RUBBER
Mineral fillers that are chemically
modified include calcium carbonate,
kaolin, alumina hydrate, mica, talc,
organo-clays, silica, and wollastonite,
in PVC, polyethylene,
polypropylene, and nylon.
Wood plastic composites and natural
fiber composites, have been widely
The use of Famasil silane coupling
agents will lead to improved pigment
dispersions and thus better
compatibility between filler particles
and polymer matrix. This in turn will
cause reduced viscosities and a
subsequent improvement in
processing and mechanical
properties.
Product Overview
Product Name
FAMASIL AM-TEO
FAMASIL AM-TMO
FAMASIL DIAM-TMO
FAMASIL AM-DEO
FAMASIL AM-DMO
FAMASIL DIAM-DMO
FAMASIL GLY-TMO
FAMASIL ME-TMO
FAMASIL M-TMO
FAMASIL TESU-TEO
FAMASIL DISU-TEO
FAMASIL MEC-TMO
FAMASIL VI-TEMO
FAMASIL VI-TEO
FAMASIL VI-TMO
Product Name
FAMAS NDZ-101
FAMAS NDZ-105
FAMAS NDZ-130
FAMAS NDZ-133
FAMAS NDZ-201
FAMAS NDZ-311W
FAMAS SG-R 616
FAMAS SG-R 330
FAMAS SG-R 405
FAMAS SG-R 203
FAMAS SG-R 202
FAMAS SG-R 207
FAMAS SG-R 3100
FAMAS ZnO
FAMAS PbO
Chemical Name
gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
N-beta-(aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
gamma-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane
gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane
N-beta-(aminoethyl)-gamma-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane
gamma-Glycidoxylpropyltrimethoxysilane
gamma-Methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane
Methyltrimethoxysilane
Bis-(3-(triethoxysily)-propyl)tetrasulfane
Bis-(3-(triethoxysily)-propyl)disulfane
gamma-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane
Vinyl-tris-(2-methoxyethoxy)silane
Vinyl-tris-(ethoxy)silane
Vinyl-tris-(methoxy)silane
Chemical Name
Monoalkoxy unsaturated fatty acid phosphate titanate
Mono-alkoxy-unsaturate fatty titanate
Monoalkoxy fatty acid (saturate) titanate
Dry NDZ-130 mixture on CaCO3, TiO2
Isopropyl tri(dioctylpyrophosphate) titanate
Aqueous version of NDZ-311 and Ethanol amine
Butylated reaction product of P-cresol and dicyclopentadiene
1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris (3,5-di-tertbutyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) benzene
Zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate
Zinc Diethyldithiocarbamate
N,N’-m-phenylene digmaleemide
N,N'-di(o-tolyl)-p-phenylenediamine mixed
Indirect Zinc Oxide 99.7%
Lead Oxide
CAS
919-30-2
13822-56-5
1760-24-3
3179-76-8
3663-44-3
3069-29-2
2530-83-8
2530-85-0
1185-55-3
40372-72-3
56706-10-6
4420-74-0
1067-53-4
78-08-0
2768-02-7
CAS
61417-49-0
61417-49-0 M
61417-49-0 M2
61417-49-0 M3
67691-13-8
65467-75-6
68610-51-5
1709-70-2
10881-67-1
136-23-2
14324-55-1
3006-93-7
68953-84-4
1317-36-8
Base Polymer
Acrylic
Acrylic latex
Butyl
Cellulose
Epoxy
Fluoro
Melamine
Neoprene
Nitrile
Phenolic
Polyamide
Polyester
Polyether
Polyolefin
Polysulfide
Polyurethane
PUD
Silicone
SBR emulsion
SBS
Vinyl
Amino
Epoxy
Sulfur
Organic Group - Silane
Mercapto
Methacryl
Vinyl
Ureido
Fluorine
Generally Effective / Best Choice
Alternative / 2nd Choice
Only effective with specific silanes
Unsuitable
Silanes must first hydrolyze and
then condense. The relative rates
of these reactions can be adjusted
by adjusting the system pH.
During storage silanes must be
kept in a ‘dry’ environment until
they are ready to be used. They
hydrolyze and then dissolve in
water - best at a PH 4 - 5.
PH ‘s which are lower than 4 and
higher than 7 will promote polymer
formation.
Silanes crosslink or bond to
inorganic surfaces through
elimination of the alkoxy groups
after hydrolysis and condensation
reaction.
Reaction kinetics and conversion
rates of different silanes will allow
the user in choosing the silane with
the appropriate alkoxy groups.
What are Organic Titanate
Coupling Agents?
Most of the organic titanates have
similar chemistries. Modifications of
the attached group on the titanium
atom provide versatile functions to
meet different applications in different
industries.
Here is the typical structure of
Titanates:
(XO)n-Ti(OY)4-n
Where
X are alkyl groups
Y are organo - functional groups
Most common alkyl groups are npropyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, isooctylethyl etc.
Organofunctional groups are usually
larger groups with high polarity, such
as carboxyl, ester, phosphato, pyrophosphato, sulfonato etc..
The organophilic properties can be
adjusted by choosing the lengths and
structures of the alkyl X groups while
the hydrophilic properties can be
adjusted by selecting different organo
- functional Y groups .
For the most common titanate
coupling agents there are two to three
organo- functional groups per
molecule.
The alkoxy group of alkyl titanates are
sensitive to moisture and subject to
hydrolysis. The alkoxy group can also
react with inorganic minerals surface
via a proton coordination mechanism,
which generates no by-product or
leaving group. This allows titanates to
react with inorganic fillers without
surface hydroxyl groups, which are
necessary for the silane coupling
mechanism.
This makes titanates complementary
coupling agents, bridging two
dissimilar species chemically – they
are also useful coupling agents for
carbonates, carbon black and other
fillers that do not respond to Famasil
Silanes.
Some chelate titanates are less
susceptible to hydrolysis, which
allows them to be used in moisture
containing systems, while at the same
time providing good storage stability.
The organo - functional Y groups
interact with either polar or nonpolar
polymers in thermoplastics and
thermosetting composites. Certain
esters can introduce additional
functions to the polymer matrix such
as plasticizing the polymer to facilitate
higher filler loadings or catalyzing the
crosslinking reactions between
polymer chains.
Functionality of Titanate
Coupling Agents
Titanates (as well as Zirconates)
perform different functions in a
diversity of applications:
1. Coupling of organic to inorganic
substrates, where they enhance
properties such as adhesion and
surface di-electric properties.
2. Crosslinking of polymers or
resins to improve weathering and
mechanical properties.
3. Catalysis during polymerization
with minimum side reactions or byproducts.
Not like silanes, titanates have the
ability to react without the need for
surface hydroxyl groups.
Hydrolysis
Titanates hydrolyse with both
hydroxyl groups or proton sites.
The low molecular weight alcohol is
removed by evaporation, which shifts
the reaction to form bonds, during
monolayer film forming reactions.
Alkyl groups or the functional groups
of titanates can react further with
other active hydrogen sites on the
polymer, in order to form three dimensional networks.
While most alkyl titanates are
sensitive to moisture and subject to
hydrolysis, this tendency is
surpressed due to the solvation effect
of the alcoholic solvents.
If hydrolysis conditions are well
controlled, a clear amorphous film of
titanium oxide can be obtained.
Some chelate titanates are relatively
stable in elevated moisture
environments and less susceptible to
hydrolysis. Yet hydrolysis will still
occur, especially when shifts of pH
and / or temperature occur during the
application.
Thermal Stability
Most alkyl titanates pyrolyze at
>350oC, forming alkylene, alcohol and
solid titanium dioxide.
Reactivity
Chelate titanates are much less
reactive than alkyl type titanates.
They only undergo these reactions
once the chelate structure is activated
through heat, or elevated pH
environments (alkaline pH 6 to 10).
FAMAS-NDZ organic titanates are
supplied in liquid- or powder form
(whereby the active material is
absorbed on carriers, such as CaCO3
or Silica etc).
Applications
Titanates provide functionality to a
multitude of polymers – such as
carbonates, sulfur, sulfur donors,
sulphates, nitrides, nitrates etc.
They are suitable crosslinkers,
providing plastics, resins and coatings
(inks) with better solvent resistance,
weathering, electrical and di-electric
properties.
By choosing the proper titanate, this
might allow formulators to design
waterborne coatings with
performance levels, close to solvent
based coatings.
Titanates crosslink cellulose or water
soluble polymers to control the
thixotropy of a waterborne coating.
Treated minerals and pigments can
be dispersed easily in the polymer
matrix, both in aqueous and nonaqueous systems while reducing
system viscosity. For plastics and
rubber, titanate treated minerals and
fillers can increase compounding
rates while reducing process
temperatures. With high use levels of
certain minerals, like Al(OH)3 or
Mg(OH)2 etc. titanates can improve
flame retardant properties without
using halogens contain compounds.
Titanate treated iron oxides can make
better plastic / rubber magnets.
Coupling
A wide selection of metal and carbon
powders are coupled with titanates
into different thermoplastics to
improve shielding or conductive
properties. Titanates can also help
plastics to obtain certain antistatic
properties. e.g. ABS, PE, PP, PVC
etc.
Catalysis
Titanates are good catalysts in many
chemical reactions, particularly in
esterifications and transesterifications.
Unlike acid or base catalysis, titanate
catalysts give minimum undesirable
side reactions and maximum yield
with good colour and low odor.
Organic Titanates are also used for
catalysis and crosslinking of wide
varity of resins such as polyolefins,
polyurethanes, epoxies, phenolics
and silicones.
Zirconates and Aluminates
Chemical structures of alkoxy
zirconates are analogous to those of
titanates. Zirconates' main advantage
is their greater stability – they neither
cause discolouring, even in the
presence of phenols nor do they
interact with a wide variety hindered
amine light stabilizers.
In unfilled plastics they can also
improve UV stability when compared
to titanates.
Product Safety
When considering the use of any Famas Technology products in a particular application,
you should review our latest Material Safety Data Sheet and ensure that the use you
intend can be accomplished safely. For Material Safety Data Sheets and other product
safety information, contact the Famas Technology sales office or its representatives,
agents or distributors nearest you. Before handling any other products mentioned in the
text, you should obtain available product safety information and take necessary steps to
ensure safety of use.
FAMAS Technology Sàrl, Route de Founex 46, CH-1296 Coppet,
Tel : +41.22.960.03.83, Fax : +41.22.960.03.84, E-Mail : [email protected],
Website : www.famastechnologyProduct Safety