The Spouses of APEC leaders

APEC 2011
The Spouses of APEC leaders
UHERO
This article is part of a series featuring the 2011 APEC themes, available at uhero.hawaii.edu/74
AUSTRALIA 1
Leader: Prime Minister Julia Gillard
Domestic Partner: Timothy Raymond Mathieson
Timothy Mathieson and Prime Minister Julia Gillard first started dating in March of 2006
and have been partners since. On November 24, 2008, he was appointed Men’s Health Ambassador by Nicola Roxon, Minister for Health and Aging. The government’s Men’s Health Ambassador is a volunteer position that Mathieson is passionate about. He is also an ambassador
for Kidney Health Australia. Mathieson is involved with the Indigenous Diabetes Association
in Alice Springs and with the mental health group beyondblue, as well. He was appointed
Patron of the National Portrait Gallery, Australia in December 2010.
Mathieson has three adult children.
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM ²
Leader: His Majesty the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah
Spouse: Her Majesty Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Saleha
Her Majesty is the Patron to various organizations, including the Women’s Institute (WI),
which plays a unique role in providing women with educational opportunities and the chance
to build new skills, to take part in a wide variety of activities and to campaign on issues that
matter to them and their communities. She is also involved in the Girl Guides Association of
Brunei Darussalam, which aims to develop character in children and young people by following Scouting principles, the Women Graduates’ Association, an organization of women with
degrees or equivalent qualifications working to promote women’s opportunities in education
and public life. Because she is a lover of nature, Her Majesty has a fruit garden, a fish pond and
a bird park.
She enjoys reading as a hobby. Her Majesty also enjoys playing badminton and Congkak and
Pasang, of which the latter two are traditional Brunei games.
Her Majesty and the Sultan were married on July 29, 1965 and together they have two sons
and four daughters and nine grandchildren.
CANADA 3
Leader: Prime Minister Rt Hon Stephen Harper
Spouse: Laureen Harper
Since arriving at 24 Sussex Drive, Laureen Harper has had an active public life, supporting
causes such as the OHS (Ottawa Humane Society) and also the National Arts Centre, working as Honorary Gala Chair since 2005. In June of 2010, Mrs. Harper hosted the spouses of
G8, G20 leaders in Toronto, Ontario. She also volunteers her time for Rockcliffe Elementary
School’s annual book sale and the local library and the Ottawa SPCA by offering her home as a
foster home for kittens. Her hobbies include riding her motorcycle, photography and gardening.
She and her husband married in 1993 and together have two children.
Brief written by Kathy Aldinger, UH Mānoa undergraduate student, and does not necessarily reflect the views of UHERO or the University of Hawai‘i.
CHILE ⁴
Leader: President of Chile, His Excellency Sebastian Pinera Echenique
Spouse: First Lady Cecilia Morel Montes
First Lady Cecilia Morel Montes entered the Instituto Profesional Carlos Casanueva, from
which she graduated with a degree in family and youth counselor. She also holds a degree in
Family and Human Relations from the Universidad Mayor.
In 1989, together with professionals from the Instituto Carlos Casanueva (Enrique Cueto),
founded what later became “La Casa de la Juventud”, with the task of educating young Conchalí with growth workshops and personal development. Later, the Women Embark Foundation was derived from this project.
Other involvements and organizations of First Lady Cecilia Morel Montes include
CEMA Chile, which organizes fairs and workshops for the sale of the women’s handicrafts;
Integra, a Chilean Trading company specializing in exports of frozen seafood; Promoción y
Desarrollo de la Mujer, Prodemu, a women’s promotion and development effort; Fundación
de la Familia, a family foundation; Matucana 100, which promotes theater; Orquestas Juveniles e Infantiles de Chile, supports youth orchestras; and Artesanías de Chile, encouraging
arts and crafts.
The couple has four children.
CHINA ⁵
Leader: President Hu Jintao
Spouse: Liu Yongqing
Liu Yonqing and Hu Jintao met at Tsinghua University in Beijing. Later she went on to
work for Beijing city planning committee.
Liu Yonqing is involved with charity work with the Cheque/Check to Orphan Funds in
Uganda, a not-for-profit non-governmental organization (NGO), providing holistic care and
support to orphans, vulnerable disadvantaged children and youth in Uganda.
Hu Jintao and Liu Yongqing have two grown children.
CHINESE TAIPEI ⁶
Leader: Special Envoy Dr. Lien Chan
Spouse: Lien Fang Yui
Lien Fang Yu is the wife of Lien Chan, the Chairman of Taiwan’s
Kuomintang party from 2000 to 2005. Fang is a former Miss Republic of
China.
Fang and Lien were married in 1965, the same year that Lien received a
PhD in political science from the University of Chicago. In 2005 she and
her husband went to visit mainland China.
The Lien’s have two sons and two daughters.
HONG KONG, CHINA ⁷
Leader: Chief Executive Donald Tsang
Spouse: Selina Tsang
The wife of Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s
Republic of China, Donald Tsang, Selina Pou Siu-mei Mrs. Tsang devotes much of her time as
an artist and calligrapher. She is President of the Hong Kong Red Cross (HKRC), which was
a part of the first Rehabilitation Center in Deyang that has provided holistic rehabilitation
services for nearly 1,000 disabled caused by the earthquake. She has been named Honorary
Patron of the Hok Yau Club, an independent, non-profit, non-governmental organization
in Hong Kong, which aims to provide support and guidance to students as well as organizing activities for youths. Mrs. Tsang’s involvement with Against Child Abuse Ltd., supports
children of every race, creed and color should be given equal treatment.
She and her husband have two sons.
INDONESIA ⁸
Leader: President Dr. Susilo Bambang
Spouse: Ani Bambang Yudhoyono
First Lady Ani Yudhoyono holds a political science degree from Merdeka University, and
was the first vice chairman of her husband’s Democratic Party. She is the eldest child of General (Ret.) Sarwo Edhie Wibowo, one of Indonesia’s high-profile generals. She was invited as
a speaker for the UNESCO Regional Conferences In Support of Global Literacy, in Beijing,
China.
Ani received a golden pin award from Nobel Laureate, Muhammad Yunus. She was awarded for her relentless commitment in encouraging and developing small and medium enterprises and micro credits through the PERKASSA (Women and Healthy and Wealthy Family
Program) and Indonesia Creative.
The couple has two sons.
JAPAN ⁹
Leader: Prime Minister Yoshihiko Noda
Spouse: Hitomi Noda
Hitomi Noda was born in Tokyo. Her family runs a small factory. She graduated from
the University of vocal music and after graduation worked in Tokyo in the late 1980s.
Hitomi is an organ enthusiast and has a pleasant singing voice. Hitomi has supported her
husband’s polical aspirations for 25 years, handing out leaflets in support of all his endeavors.
The couple has two children.
Brief written by Kathy Aldinger, UH Mānoa undergraduate student, and does not necessarily reflect the views of UHERO or the University of Hawai‘i.
KOREA 1⁰
Leader: President Lee Myung-bak
Spouse: Kim Yoon-ok
Kim graduated from Ewha Womans University in 1970 with a B.A.
in Health Education and Management. She married Lee Myung-bak on
December 19, 1970.
In 2002, she became the President of the Alumni Association of the
Women’s Top Management Program at Yonsei University.
She and Lee Myung-bak have a son and three daughters.
MALAYSIA 11
Leader: Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak
Spouse: Datin Paduka Seri Rosmah
Rosmah Mansor received her secondary education in Tunku Kurshiah College in Kuala
Pilah, Negeri Sembilan and had excellent grades and a stellar co-curricular performance.
She has a Bachelors’ degree in Arts, and Honours in Anthropology and Sociology from
University Malaya and an MSc in Sociology and Agriculture from Gadjahmada University, Indonesia. She was also awarded an honorary Doctorate in Education by University
Technology MARA Malaysia. She later worked as an executive with Bank Pertanian and
subsequently as a business development manager with Island and Peninsular Bhd, a property developer company. Rosmah is active in various national organizations. She is currently the President of the Welfare Association of Minister’s Wives (BAKTI), the patron of
other organizations like the Children in Hope Foundation, Puspanita Ministry of Defense,
Heart to Heart Association of Malaysia, the Persatuan Warga Cinta Negara Malaysia and
the Thalesemia Association of Malaysia; and member of the Board of Trustees, Malaysian Humanitarian Foundation. She married Dato’ Seri Najib Tun Razak in 1987 and the
couple has two children.
MEXICO 1²
Leader: President Felipe Calderon
Spouse: Madam Margarita Zavala
First Lady Margarita Zavala married President Felipe Calderón in January of 1993. Margarita’s primary objective in the
changing Mexican government is to help her husband run the
educational programs throughout the country. She’s the only
first lady of Mexico to have served in Congress, and is very involved in her husband’s presidency. She is an attorney and currently serves as the president of an advisory board for DIF (el
Desarrollo Integral de la Familia or the Integral Development
of the Family), a government agency that helps to develop and
strengthen families in Mexico, as well as a high-school teacher
in the private school Asuncion. The couple has three children.
Brief written by Kathy Aldinger, UH Mānoa undergraduate student, and does not necessarily reflect the views of UHERO or the University of Hawai‘i.
NEW ZEALAND 1³
Leader: Prime Minister John Key
Spouse: Bronagh Key
First Lady Bronagh Key met her husband Prime Minister John Key at
Burnside High School. The 16-year-old was biking to a friend’s house
reflecting, purportedly, on a failed economics exam. She recalls, “I
didn’t really know what I wanted to do in life. I was thinking I might
join the airforce.” She is the girl who grew up in a working class Christchurch suburb. John Key was tutoring her friend’s sister. There was,
says one report, an instant attraction.
They married in 1984. Like her husband, she has a Bachelor of Commerce degree and worked as a personnel consultant before becoming a
full-time mother. She says, she is a “bit of a tomboy actually”, who’s learning how to kickbox and avoids make-up
during the day.
The couple has two children.
PAPUA NEW GUINEA 1⁴
Leader: The Right Honourable Grand Chief Peter O’Neill
Spouse: spouse information has not been released
Photo
Unavailable
The Honourable O’Neill is the son of an Australian magistrate and his wife is from the
Southern Highlands, where he represents the Ialibu-Pangia constituency. They now live in
Port Moresby and has five children; two daughters and three sons, all of which are currently
attending boarding school in Australia (except the youngest). Mr. O’Neill has promised free
education to the students of Papua New Guinea, up to year 10 as part of the 2012 budget.
PERU 1⁵
Leader: His Excellency Ollanta Humala
Spouse: Nadine Heredia Alarcón
Nadine Heredia Alarcón studied one year at the University of Paris
1 Panthéon-Sorbonne and continued her studies in Communication
Sciences at the University of Lima earning a Masters in Sociology .
She is co-founder and member of the Peruvian Nationalist Party (now
Earn Peru ), the party of which her Ollanta Humala is president since
July 28, .
They married in 1999 and have three children: Illary, Nayra and
Samina.
Brief written by Kathy Aldinger, UH Mānoa undergraduate student, and does not necessarily reflect the views of UHERO or the University of Hawai‘i.
THE PHILIPPINES 1⁶
Leader: President Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III
Aquino is the first president of the Philippines to be unmarried. He had a previous relationship with Shalani Soledad, a Valenzuela councilor and niece of former Senator Francisco Tatad. Aquino and Soledad first met around 2000 or 2001, when she interviewed him
for a media project; they ran into each other some years later and began going out. Aquino
confirmed that he and Soledad broke up in November 2010. Aquino is currently dating
teacher, Bunny Calica. She specializes in early education and works with Korean students.
RUSSIA 1⁷
Leader: President Dmitry Medvedev
Spouse: Svetlana Vladimirovna Medvedeva
The First Lady of Russia began her studies at the Saint Petersburg State University of
Economics and Finance in 1987. In her first year at the university, she changed to an
evening curriculum and began working full time. Svetlana met her future husband in
middle school in Kupchino, near Leningrad. The couple married in 1993, after they had
completed their studies. In 2008 she headed the initiative for the institution of Family Day
in Russia. After the couple moved to Moscow, Medvedeva directed several Russian-Italian
programs, which intended to develop tourism between these cities. The couple has a son.
SINGAPORE 1⁸
Leader: Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong
Spouse: Ho Ching
Ho Ching is the Chief Executive Officer of Temasek Holdings (over US$100 billion in
assets and owned by Singapore’s Ministry of Finance. As a Chinese Singaporean, she is
of Cantonese vernacular. In 1976, Ho graduated from the National University of Singapore with a Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical, First Class Honors) after completing
her pre-university education at National Junior College where she emerged as a Student
of the Year and was a President’s Scholar. She also holds a Master of Science (Electrical) from Stanford University, USA. Ho was conferred the Distinguished Engineering
Alumnus Award in 1995. She is also an Honorary Fellow of the Institution of Engineers,
Singapore.
She married Lee Hsien Loong on December 17, 1985, who became Singapore’s third
Prime Minister in August 2004.
In 2007, Fortune magazine ranked her third in the list of most powerful women in
business (outside the United States). In 2007, she was picked as one of the “100 most
influential men and women” who shaped the world by TIME Magazine.
Similarly in 2007, business magazine Forbes ranked her third in its annual list of the
world’s most powerful women, leap-frogging a rank ahead of United States Secretary of
State Condoleezza Rice and falling short behind German Chancellor Angela Merkel and
China’s Vice-Premier Wu Yi. Ho Ching was ranked 36th in the same list the previous
year. In 2008 she was ranked 8th. In 2009, she was ranked 5th.
The couple has one daughter and three sons, including one daughter and son from
Lee’s first wife.
Brief written by Kathy Aldinger, UH Mānoa undergraduate student, and does not necessarily reflect the views of UHERO or the University of Hawai‘i.
THAILAND 1⁹
Leader: Prime MinisterYingluck Shinawatra
Spouse: Anusorn Amornchat
Anusorn Amornchat is the husband of the current Prime Minister of Thailand, Yingluck
Shinawatra. He is a business executive from the Charoen Phokphand Group and is currently
the managing director of M Link Asia Corporation, a mobile phone distributor.
Shinawatra, who has been elected the first woman prime minister of Thailand in August
2011, is a Thai businesswoman and politician; member of the Pheu Thai Party.She holds
degrees from the Faculty of Political Science and Public Administration at the University of
Chiang Mai and from Kentucky State University, where she earned an M.A. in public administration.
Married in 1995, the couple has a nine year-old son.
THE UNITED STATES 2⁰
Leader: President Barack Obama
Spouse: Michelle Obama
Michelle Robinson graduated from Princeton University in 1985, majoring in sociology
and minoring in African American studies. While at Princeton, she got involved with the
Third World Center (now known as the Carl A. Fields Center), an academic and cultural
group that supported minority students, running their day care center which also included
after school tutoring. In 1988, she earned her Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree from Harvard Law
School. While at Harvard she participated in demonstrations advocating the hiring of
professors who were members of minorities and worked for the Harvard Legal Aid Bureau,
assisting low-income tenants with housing cases. She is the third First Lady with a postgraduate degree, after her two immediate predecessors, Hillary Rodham Clinton and Laura Bush.
As First Lady, she undertook her first lead role in an administration-wide initiative--“Let’s
Move!” in an effort to reverse the 21st century trend of childhood obesity. She stated that
her goal is to make this effort her legacy: “I want to leave something behind that we can say,
‘Because of this time that this person spent here, this thing has changed.’ And my hope is
that that’s going to be in the area of childhood obesity.” Her other efforts include supporting
military families, helping working women balance career and family, encouraging national
service, promoting the arts and arts education, and fostering healthy eating and healthy living for children and families across the country. She planted the first White House vegetable garden since Eleanor Roosevelt served as first lady.
The Obamas have two daughters. Marian Robinson, Michelle’s mother, has moved into
the White House to assist with child care. She has been called the “First Grandmom.”
VIET NAM 21
Leader: President Trương Tấn Sang
Trương Tấn Sang was appointed as Viet Nam’s new president Viet Nam’s lawmaking National Assembly on July 25, 2011. Sang, 62, a southerner who was a former mayor and party chief
in Ho Chi Minh City, had most recently served as the de facto No. 2 in charge of the Communist Party, running the day-to-day affairs. He has a bachelor of law degree.
Recently, President Trương Tấn Sang sent a letter to children nationwide on the occasion
of the mid-Autumn festival which falls on Sept. 12, 2011, expressing his love to them: “On
this occasion, I would like to extend my best regards to children both in side and outside the
country as well as foreign children living in Vietnam. I wish you enjoy a cheerful mid-Autumn
festival full of love,” the President said in his letter dated September 8.
Brief written by Kathy Aldinger, UH Mānoa undergraduate student, and does not necessarily reflect the views of UHERO or the University of Hawai‘i.
1
Information regarding Timothy Mathieson was compiled from the following
Wikipedia contributors, “Tim Mathieson,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.
org/w/index.php?title=Tim_Mathieson&oldid=435789801.
AAP, “Gillard’s partner Tim Mathieson ‘bubbly’,” The Sydney Morning Herald. June 24, 2010. http://news.
smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/gillards-partner-tim-mathieson-bubbly-20100624-z1o2.html.
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Photo of Prime Minister Julia Gillard retrieved from: http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2011/06/17/australianpm-julia-gillard-faces-gay-marriage-grilling/
2
Information regarding Her Majesty Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha was compiled from the following:
Wikipedia contributors, “Pengiran Anak Saleha,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.
org/w/index.php?title=Pengiran_Anak_Saleha&oldid=433754569.
Photo of His Majesty the Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah retreived from : http://www.2space.net/news/article/368944-1310706002/
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3
Information regarding Laureen Harper was complied from the following:
“Laureen Harper,” The PM. http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/feature.asp?pageId=28.
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stephenharper?page=2
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4
Information regarding First Lady Cecilia Morel Montes was compiled from the following:
“Biography of the President of the Republic - Sebastián Piñera Echenique,” April 26, 2010. Gobierno de
Chile. http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/presidente/en/
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2010. English.news.cn, Copyright © 2000-2010. Xinhua News Agency. http://news.xinhuanet.com/
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5
Information regarding Liu Yongqing was compiled from the following:
Wikipedia contributors, “Liu Yongqing,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/
index.php?title=Liu_Yongqing&oldid=427758113.
Needham, Kirsty. October 24, 2003. “Well travelled - but not very well known,” The Sydney Morning
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6
Information regarding Lien Fang Yui was complied from the following:
Wikipedia contributors, “Lien Fang Yu,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lien_Fang_Yu&oldid=425661905.
Taiwanese told to learn from RP rally”. Philippine Daily Inquirer. February 9, 2000. http://news.google.
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cn/90001/90776/90882/7225684.html
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7
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“Profile: Donald Tsang”. March 25, 2007. BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4335331.stm.
“President Mrs Selina Tsang Pou Siu-mei officiated the Opening Ceremony of the Hong Kong Red Cross’
Second Rehabilitation Centre in Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province,” Hong Kong Red Cross. December
2, 2009. http://www.redcross.org.hk/en/press_room/press_release_detail.html?id=648.
Message from Mrs. TSANG POU Siu-mei, Selina, Patron, Red Ribbon Centre. http://www.info.gov.hk/
aids/pdf/rrc10year/pdf/05.pdf.
Lee Han Shih. “Selina Tsang: Pathfinder,” The Asia Mag. December 15, 2008. http://www.theasiamag.com/
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8
Information regarding Ani Bambang Yudhoyono was complied from the following:
“INDONESIAN FIRST LADY AT A GLANCE,” http://www.presidenri.go.id/ibunegara/index.php/statik/
profileng/
Photo of President Dr. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susilo_
Bambang_Yudhoyono
Photo of Ani Bambang Yudhoyono retrieved from: http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono
9
Information regarding Hitomi Noda was compiled from the following:
http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/national/archive/news/2011/09/03/20110903p2g00m0dm005000c.html
http://www.guojijunshi.com/riben/2011/0901/810.html
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Photo of Hitomi Noda retrieved from: http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/AJ2011092411910
10
Information regarding Kim Yoon-ok was complied from the following:
“First Lady Kim Yoon-ok,” Korea.net: Gateway to Korea. http://www.korea.net/detail.do?guid=28098.
“Kim Yoon-ok, First Lady of the Republic of Korea,” Cheong Wa Dae: Office of the President, the Republic
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Photo of Kim Yoon-ok retrieved from: http://www.samrao.com/samraoblogarchivesJANJUNE2010.html
11 Information regarding Datin Paduka Seri Rosmah was compiled fom the following:
“Biography,” Datin Paduka Seri Rosmah Monsor: Wife of the Prime Minister of Malaysia. http://www.pmo.
gov.my/datinrosmah/?dsr=others&num=8.
Wikipedia contributors, “Rosmah Mansor,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/
index.php?title=Rosmah_Mansor&oldid=435102511.
Photo of Prime Minister Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak retrieved from: http://www.
malaysialeader.com/malaysia-cabinet/minister-profile.html
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12
Information regarding Madam Margarita Zavala was compiled from the following:
Women’s Conference Archive Site. http://www.womensconference.org/margarita-zavala/.
Wikipedia contributors, “Margarita Zavala,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/
index.php?title=Margarita_Zavala&oldid=434426069.
Photo of President Felipe Calderon retrieved from: http://www.crawfordsworld.com/rob/apcg/Mexico/
Unit4mexico.htm
Photo of Madam Margarita Zavala retrieved from: http://www.womensconference.org/margarita-zavala/
13
Information regarding Bronaugh Key was complied from the following:
Wikipedia contributors, “John Key,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.
php?title=John_Key&oldid=435587719.
KIWIBLOG: Bronagh Key Profile. http://www.kiwiblog.co.nz/2008/10/bronagh_key.html.
Photo of Prime Minister John Key retrieved from: http://scrapetv.com/News/News%20Pages/Everyone%20Else/pages-6/New-Zealand-Prime-Minister-sticks-his-foot-in-his-mouth-in-cannibalism-flapScrape-TV-The-World-on-your-side.html
Photo of Bronagh Key retrieved from: http://www.kiwiblog.co.nz/2008/10/bronagh_key.html
14
Information regarding Peter O’Neill was complied from the following:
Pacific Media Center--http://www.pmc.aut.ac.nz/articles/png-vote-new-leader-weakens-link-michaelsomare-era
The Australian--http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/png-vows-closer-ties-to-australia/storye6frg6so-1226111897027
Photo of The Right Honourable Grand Chief Peter O’Neill retrieved from: http://pngdaily.blogspot.
com/2011/08/new-prime-minister-for-papua-new-guinea.html
15
Information regarding Nadine Heredia Alarcón was complied from the following:
http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadine_Heredia
http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=es&u=http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadine_
Heredia&ei=66x3TvCuMobliAK-7NmzAg&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEUQ7
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Photo of Nadine Heredia Alarocón retrieved from: http://www.esperanza1360.com/blog/
16
Information regarding President Benigno Simeon Cojuangco Aquino III was compiled from the following:
Wikipedia contributors, “Benigno Aquino III,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.
org/w/index.php?title=Benigno_Aquino_III&oldid=435850533
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/ Philippine Daily Inquire; May 19, 2011
Photo of President Benigno Simeon Cojuango Aquino III retrieved from: http://wilddivine.tv/rhinestonespagbabagong-kultural-sa-sining-at-panitikan-panahon-ng-kastila/
17
Information regarding Svetlana Vladimirovna Medvedeva was compiled from the following:
Wikipedia contributors, “Svetlana Medvedeva,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.
org/w/index.php?title=Svetlana_Medvedeva&oldid=435106726.
Photo of President Demitry Medvedev retrieved from: http://kremlin.ru/accreditation/photo
Photo of Svetlana Vladimirovna Medvedev retrievd from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/
europe/russia/8194429/Dmitry-Medvedevs-wife-accused-of-offending-Bruges.html
18
Infomation regarding Ho Ching was compiled from the following:
“Forbes: The 100 Most Powerful Women 2009,” http://www.forbes.com/fdc/welcome_mjx.shtml.
Wikipedia contributors, “Ho Ching,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.
php?title=Ho_Ching&oldid=433342124.
Photo of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong retrieved from: http://benhanan08.blogspot.com/2011/02/gajipresiden-tertinggi-di-dunia.html
Photo of Ho Ching retrieved from: http://connect.in.com/ho-ching/photos-1952641-23455789.html
19
Information regarding Anusorn Amornchat was compiled from the following:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yingluck_Shinawatra
http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20110807-293228.html
http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/245285/the-making-of-a-prime-minister
Photo of Anursorn Amornchat retrieved from: http://www.daylife.com/photo/0dQJer55pj3ZI?q=Thaksin+
Shinawatra
Photo of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra retrieved from: http://warmestnews.blogspot.com/2011/08/
yingluck-shinawatra-became-prime.html
20 Information regarding Michelle Obama was complied from the following:
“First Lady Michelle Obama,” http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/first-lady-michelle-obama.
Slevin, Peter. “Mrs. Obama goes to Washington: From Chicago to Princeton to Pennsylvania Avenue, the
interests that define Michelle Robinson Obama ‘85 haven’t changed,” Princeton Alumni Weekly. March 18,
2009. http://paw.princeton.edu/issues/2009/03/18/pages/0569/index.xml.
Photo of President Barack Obama retrieved from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/presidentobama
Photo of Michelle Obama retrieved from: http://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/first-lady-michelleobama
21
Information regarding President Trương Tấn Sang was complied from the following:
Wikipedia contributors, “Truong Tan Sang,” Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/
index.php?title=Truong_Tan_Sang&oldid=456641400 (accessed November 3, 2011).
Photo of President Trương Tấn Sang retrieved from: http://anle20.files.wordpress.com/2011/01/as.gif