English

Transcription

English

AE
JNITED
'tATtoNs
General Assembly
Economic and Social Council
Distr.
GENERAL
r-{om,
A/43/375
E/1e88/7
I
June 1988
ORIGINAL:
GENERAL ASSEI4BLY
1
3
ENGLISH
ECO}iOIIIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL
regular session of 1988
SPECIAL ECOIIOMIC, HUMANITARIAN
AND DISASTER RELIEF ASSISTANCE
Fortv-third session
Item 86 (a) of the preliminary list*
Second
SPECIAL ECONOMIC AND DISASTER RELIEF
ASSISTANCE: OFFICE OF TTM UNITED
NATIONS DISASTER RELIEF CO-ORDINATOR
Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator
Report of the Secretary-General
CONTENTS
Paraqraphs
I.
II.
III.
IV.
\/
1-
INTRODUCTION .
L0-27
DISASTER RELIEF CO-ORDINATION .
DISASTER
9
MITIGATION: A COI\,IBIMTION OF
page
3
4
PREVEMIION AND
PREPAREDNESS
28-44
DISASTER INFORI\,IATION
45-50
I4
ADI4INISTRATION AND FINANCE
51-56
15
Annexes
I.
II.
Regular budget: comparisons of the budget appropriations and expenses
for the Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator
(including New York Liaison Office) during the bienniums 1982-1983,
1984-1985 and l-986-1987, by object of expenditure
19
Staffing table of the Office of the United Nations Disaster Retief
inator
20
Co-ord
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CONTENTS
(continued)
Page
III.
rv.
Trust Funds of the United Nations Disaster Retief Co-ordinaror:
statements of income, expenditure, assets and liabilities
as at
3l December 1987 for the biennium l98G-1987
2T
Disaster involvement of the office of the united Nations Disaster
Relief Co-ordinatcr - 1986/1987: statenent of UNDRo qrants as
at 3l December 1987
22
V. The response of the Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief
Co-ordinator to disaster situations: brief description of relief
operat ion
vr.
VII.
s
23
Disaster contribution summary for 1986 of the office of the united
Nations Disast,er Relief Co-ordinator
3.1
Total contributions by donor country (all disasters) for which
value was reported to the office of the united Nations Disaster
Relief Co-ordinaror (1986-1987)
33
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I.
3
INTRODUCTION
1. The present report covers the work and activities of the Office of the United
Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinat,or (UNDRO) for the, t$to years 1986-1987. It is
presented to the General Assembly in response to General Assemtrly resolut,ions
28L6 (XXVI) of t4 December 1971 and 3g/2L7 of 18 December 1984, Assembly
decision 40/436 of 17 December 1985 and Assembly resolution 4L/2OI of
8 December 1986.
2. It will be recalled that in General Assembly resolution 4l/201, which deals
with the work and activities of uNDRo, the Assembly reguested the secretary-General
to submit to the General Assembly at its fort,y-second session a comprehensive
review and assessment of the existing mechanisms and arranqements within the svstem
for disaster and emergency assistance and co-ordination. The review was presented
by the Secretary-General in his report (A/42/657), which contained recommendations
both srith regard to UNDRO operations and to arrangements at United Nations
Headguarters for monitorinq all tvpes of emergencies and disasters. The General
Assembly subseguently endorsed these recommendations in decision 42/433 of
Il December 1987 and will further examine their implementation during the second
regular session of 1988 of the Economic and Social Council. At the forty-third
session of the General Assembly, Member States will have before them a separate
report on the issues covered in Assembly decision 42/433, which are of a
svstem-wide nature ancl go beyond the work reported hereunder.
3. During the bienniumr the activities of UNDRO were carried out in accordance
with the medium-term plan for the period 1984-1989. According to its mandate'
UNDRO covers all aspects of disaster relief as well as preparedness and prevention
It must act and be seen to act on behalf of the Secretary-General in
activities.
discharging this mandate.
4. In relief mobilization and co-ordination, in addition to its involvement in
African countries where emergency situations persisted through 1986 and 1987, UNDRo
was called upon to act in a wide variety of other disaster situations, many of
which caused extensive devastation and some of which were of a complex nature' A
Special
number of these situations were in part or entirely due to armed conflict.
end'
To
this
attention hras given to relief needs unlikely to be covered locally'
non-governmental
governmental
and
the Office acted in close consultations with
organizations both in the field and at Geneva. There was close interaction with
resident representatives of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) who
represent UNDRO in the affected countries.
Effective mobilization and co-ordination of international emerqency relief To
depends primarity on obtaining and rapidly disseminating relevant information' '
this end, UNDRO continues to place the utmost importance on strenqtheninq its
Particul'ar
capacity to collect, evaluate and promptly disseminate such information. (SITREPS)
reports
situation
of
the
reliability
and
placed
ef?ort was
on timeliness
prepared fry UNDRO for the international community on the basis of information
provided by resident co-ordinators in the field and assessments communicated by
Headquarters of concerned organizations of the United Nations system. To expand
5.
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further its information base and its capacity to disseninate disaster-related
information, UNDRO continued to update its profiles of disaster-prone countries and
is in the process of developinq an rnternational Disaster Manaqement rnformation
Network (UNDROMT) (see sect. IV of the present report, para. 49).
5' Activities related to disaster preparedness and prevention were significantlv
hiqher than in the previous biennium, as indicated, inter alia, by the numtrer of
requests received from developinq countries to strengthen thLir national emeretency
services. rn pre-disaster planning,
provided advice and expertise on the
utilization of early warning systens,uNDRo
the elaboration and implementation of
disaster contingency plans, on institution buildinq within governtnental machinery
to deal with disaster situations, on strengthening the capacity of national
Governments to assess relief reguirements and to elaborate plans for the monitorinq
and distribution of relief supplies in the post-disaster period.
over the past tno years, sone 30 such projects, both national and regional,
in various stages of implementation. rn mediumlonqer-term aspects
of disaster mitigation, priority has been qiven to regional,and
interregional
and
qlobar activities, such as the seismic Risk Reduction project
in
the Balkans, the
co-operative Project for Seisrnic Risk Reduction in the Mediterranean Region, the
Pan caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention pro'iect,
and the
on
Earthquake Prediction and Mitigation of Earthquake Losses sponsored seminar
by
UNDRo, the
united Nations Development Progratnme (ttNDP), the united Nations Educational,
scientific and Cultural organization (UNES@) and the union of soviet socialist
Republics.
l'
have
been
8' For the biennium 1988-1989, the work and activities of uNDRo will be cuided by
resolutions adopted by the General Assembly. Guidance for action has already
been
provided in the report of the secretary-General
lA/42/5s7), endorsed by the General
Assembly. rn this connect,ion, it is necessary to recall action already taken
concerning the strenqthening of links between UNDRO headquarters and the
UNDp
resident representatives, who represent UNDRo in the field. To this effect,
as
recommended in the secretary-Generalrs report, a joint
uNDRo/uNDp rask Force lras
established to work out improved mechanisms for co-operation and has compreted its
work.
9' specific examples of the activities of uNDRo are provided in the following
sections of the present reports section Ir on disaster relief co-ordinationi
section rrr on disaster tnitigations a combination of prevention and preparednessi
and section IV on disaster information. FinanciaL and administrative information
is presented in section v, and in tabular form in annexes r, rr and Irr to the
present report.
II.
l0' This
subprogramme
DISASTER RELIEF CO-ORDINATION
constitutes the core of
activities
and, as such, is
accorded the highest priority in the allocation of the officers human
financial
resources. A brief outline of individual relief operations for major and
emerqencies
is presented in annex V to the present report.
UNDRo's
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lI. During the 1986-1987 biennium UNDRO was involved, to varyinq degrees, in 110
disaster situations, of which a considerable number were of a long-standing nature
calling for UNDRO assistance over a lengthy period; this represented an increase of
1l per cent over the previous biennium. Major disasters which required the
inrrolvement of UNDRO included cyclonic storms and floods in Banqladesh, the release
of toxic gas from Lake Nyos in Cameroon, an earthquake in El Salvador, floods in
Bolivia, drouqht in Ethiopia, floods in Haiti, armed conflict and floods in
Lebanon, a cyclone in Madagascar, drought,/destabilization in Mozambigue, floods in
Peru, a cyclone in the Solonon Islands, drought in the Sudan, a typhoon in
Viet Nam, a forest fire in China, an earthquake in Ecuador, a tidal wave in the
Maldives, a cyclone in Vanuatu, civil strife in Democratic Yemen and a wide-spread
locust threat in Africa.
L2. These disaster situations drew wide attention and support from the world
conununity, with UNDRO discharqing its role of nobilizing and co-ordinating relief
assistance, providing an i.ndependent assessment of damage and needs and keeping the
donor conununity informed of developments. Joint inter-agency missions were
fielded, as necessary, to make in-depth assessments of the situations and relief
needs, and to set up concerted relief proqramnes; within this framework, bilateral
donors, the United Nations system and non-governmental organizations provided
assistance to the affected populations.
13. The increased number and scope of emergency situations calling for
international attention stretched the Officers resources to the maximum. In this
context, co-operation with the organizations of the United Nat,ions system' as well
as with the other intergovernmental and non-goverilnental organizations active in
humanitarian relief, was further reinforced. Inter-aqency consultations both at
UNDRO headguarters and in the field were stepped up, and various multi-agencY
assessment and evaluation missions htere organized. The locust infestation
throughout Africa miqht. be cited as an example of supportive co-operation on the
part of UNDRO with ttre specialized agency substantively concerned. 9lhile the Food
and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) oversaht the situation and
monitored its evolution, UNDRO kept the donor community cont,inually informed of
emerging needs through its global conununications system, thereby helping in the
mobilization of resources.
14. Also in connection with its function of mobilizinq funds, UNDRO orqanizecl a
meeting at Geneva on 31 March 1987 convened by the Secretary-General' on
humanitarian assistance to Mozambigue. The meeting, which was chaired by the
United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator, was attended hv the Prime Minister of
Mozambigue and by representatives of 53 Governments, 2 interqovernmental
organizations, 14 agencies of the United Nations system and 37 non-governmental
organizations. A clear commitment towards alleviatinq the pliqht of the affected
population in Mozambique !ilas expressed by alt participants. Relief contributions
pledqed at the meeting for 1987 amounted to approximately $US 209 million from
19 donor Governments and one interqovernmental orqanization.
15. At the national level, through the assignment of field clelegates, UNDRO was
instrumental in strengthening local emergency management capacity under the
responsibility of the resident co-ordinators, i.e., the UNDP/UNDRO resident
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representatives. Co-ordinating mechanisms were revised or established with
representatives of bilateral donors, the United Nations system and other
interqovernmental and non-goverrunental organizations in order to formulate and
implement operational emergenci proqrammes with the active participation of
national authorities in the affected countries. AIso data rdere continuously
updated on the remaininq relief needs for submission to the international donor
community.
16. In addition to information, logistics and transport at the national level are
critical to effective relief manaqement. Conseguently, the office is frequently
called upon to assist in monitoring transport facilities and in establishinq
distribution networks, as well as in the mobilization of resources for, and the
organization of, large-scale shippinq and air-drop operations, such as those
carried out in Angola, Ethiopia and Mozambigue. The importance, cluration and
complexity of these operations has often required the establishment of innovative
monitoring, data collection and analysis syst.ems in the countries concerned.
L7. In this connection, UNDRo successfully launched special appeals, widely
supported by donors, for funds to cover the transport costs of relief donations in
kind' UNDRO also devised and introduced a new contribution reportino form, in
which donors are asked, inter alia, to indicate their cash contributions to the
transportation costs or fFiEIlE
suppries rhey are providing.
18. As the donor community responds to an international appeal, the Office
continuously records contributions and pledoes and reconciles them against
outstandinq needs. This process cont.inues throughout the entire emergency phase
and enables the Office to promptly caution against an over-supply of certain relief
items or the duplication of onqoing efforts. It also helps donors to adjust to
rapidly changing conditions, to combine relief shipments and to avoid sending
unsolicited relief items.
19. once the relief needs have been effectively met, the co-ordinator advances
proposals in his final situation report for the rehabilitation and reconstruction
period to follow. specific needs for rehabilitation and reconstruction, often
aimed at reinforcing the disaster preparedness caoacity of the affected country,
are developed in close consultation with the Government and concerned agencies of
the United Nations svstem.
20. rn the period under review, cash contributions channelled through uNDRo to
cover concerted relief programnes and specific ad hoc requirements remained at the
same high level as in the previous biennium. tiffire
used to procure emerqency
supplies not otherwise provided to assist in overconing bottle-necks in the
transportation and distribution of relief itens and to strengthen the proper
handling and monitoring of aid arriving from abroad. In these programmes, uNDRo
availed itself of the services of other aqencies and non-qovernmental orqanizations
operative in the field. In Lebanon for instance, UNDRO received and nanaqed
$Us 884,791 and arranged the implementation of a number of health and socia-l
welfare progralnmes through international and local non-governmental organizations.
rn Ethiopia, UNDRO etas entrusted with more than $us 5 million for a series of
airlift and air-drop operarions in l9g6/1997. rn Haiti, the office sponsored a
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of urgently needed relief and recovery projects for a total of $US 961,000'
With the $US I0,9851000 obtained for Mozambique, the Office financed several
essential ventures in the areas of health, infrastructure and loqistics in
co-operation with the Government of Mozambiquer other United Nations agenciesr and
non-governmental organizations. Given that administrative procedures in donor
countries frequently cause substantial clelavs between pledoes and actual cash
deposit, UNDRO maintains a revolving fund to advance aid between commitment and
delivery.
number
2L. An illustration of both the growing concern for the establishment and,/or the
strengthening of links between emergency assistance and long-term programmes aimed
at finding durable solutions for the affected people and the problems pertaininq to
displaced persons, was the inter-aqency mission led by the Office at the reguest of
the Goverrunents concerned. The inter-agency mission (UNDRO), the !{orld Food
programme (l{Fp), FAO and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
visited Algeria and Mali in December 1986, in order to assess inmediate needs of
displaced people from l,lali and Niqer in the camps of the Algerian Sahara, and to
examine the prospects for the settlement of the displaced persons from Mali in
their own country. Following this mission, proqrammes to promote the return of ehe
displaced persons were initiated in Mali by the aqencies concerned, while emergencY
assistance ltas provided in the Algerian camps'
22. The capacity of the Office to respond to emergency needs was qreatly enhanced
by the full scale use of the UNDRO warehouse at Pisa, which was made possible by
the support of the main donor, the Goverrunent of Itallr ?s well as other donors.
The warehouse, which was constructed at the site of the United Nations Supplv Depot
at pisa, became operational in early 1985 and accommodated a wide range of standard
relief goods in sectors such as shelter, logistics eguipment and water supply'
Its location at the Pisa airport, which can accommodate any type of aircraft' makes
it suitable for dispatching relief supplies to disaster-stricken developing
countries at short not,ice. The operations of t,he warehouse, operatinq as a
conplement with uNIpAc (uNIcEF Packing and Assembly centre) at copenhaqen, htere
expanded considerably, following the receipt of donations from the Governments of
Norway and Finland. Thanks to arrangements r^rith these donors, the warehouse r'tas
replenished inunediately after the dispatch of goods to disaster-stricken areas.
At the end of Lg87, consultations with the Government of Japan were at an advanced
stage regarding its donation of emergencv relief suppties for storage in the
warehouse and their release to disaster-stricken areas in Africa and the
llediterranean region.
23. Owing to current United Nations financial constraints and corresponding cuts
in the regular budget allocation for emergency cash grants, from $360,000 to
$180,000 per year, the Office's capacity to respond to resuests from
disaster-affected countries for such grants htas restricted. While 32 requests for
emergency cash grants were received in the 1986-1987 biennium (see annex I to the
present report), UNDRO was able to respond positively to only half of them, with an
average of as little as $221000 per disaster (see annex I\4.
24. As international relief operations involve numerous partners - the Government
of the stricken country, bilateral <lonors, non-governmental orqanizations and the
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United Nations system - uNDRo has continued to promote the establishnent of
consultative mechanisms at the local ancl international levels. rt is throuqh such
mechanisms that concerted relief prograrunes are developed, priorities
established,
major pledges made known, responsibilities assigned to or divided among several
interested donors, and their effective implementation ensure<l.
25. To reinforce co-oPeration with the National Emergency Relief services for
foreign disaster assistance, and to make maximum use of their collective
experience
and advice, meetings of heads of these services are no$, organized on a periodic
basis. The first such meet.ing was held at. Geneva from 1g to 20 June 1gg6 with
government officials in charge of some 20 services responsible for mobilizihq and
co-ordinating their country's response to appeals for internationar assistance.
The meeting examined the successes and weaknesses of a number of recent
international relief operations, srays to improve the immediate assessment of danage
and to identify emergency needs as well as to develop and carry out concerted
relief proqranmes. rn this connection, t.he officials of t.he National Emergency
Relief Services reviewed the services provided by uNDRo in disaster re1ief,
preparedness and prevention, and put forward a number of proposars
designed to
strengthen co-ordinatinq mechanisms both at Headguarters and in the field.
The
second neeting took place at Geneva from 6 to I0 April 1982. This
meeting was
enlarged to allow for the participation of the heads of the emergency services of
specialized agencies and other organizations of the uniteri Nations system as well
as of the humanitarian non-governmental organizations. Main guestions of common
concern were: how to discourage the continuinq pract,ice of sending unsolicited
relief suppliesi how to avoid diverging assessments of unmet relief needs and the
delivery of large-scaIe assistance into often inaccessible or insecure
areasi and
the conditions of deproyment, utilization and traininq of foreiqn search and rescue
teams. Both meetings called for the strengtheninq of the co-ordination and
mobilization functions of UNDRO, and urged the Office to assume a more commanding
role in exercisinq leadership and co-ordination. The office vras further urged to
exarnine the feasibility of establishing regional offices. The third meeting of the
National Emergency Rerief services is scheduled for earry Lggg. L/
26. A post-operation evaluation procedure has been developed
consultation with
officials of the National Emergency Relief services to evaluatein the
impact of
international relief activities and the role played by the office. Atl parties
involved in a relief operation are requested to participate in this evaluation by
providing comments and data.
27.
Some
of the specific problem areas so far identified throuqh this evaluation
process follow:
(.1
. Some aqencies do not
automatically inform UNDRO of their relief piogramnes in countries affected by
disaster. This important shortcoming is neinq hiqhliqhted in the regular
inter-agency consultations of UNDRO;
a
(b) Circulation of evaluation r
ts on relief
tivities.
Agencies that
have undertaken evaluations of their own operations in disaster-af fected countr ies
do not as a rule share these with other partners in the operat,ion. UNDRO
has been
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9
of circulatinq individual evaluation reports on relief
the United Nations aqencies,
intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental orqanizations concerned' as
means of establishing an overall evaluation of co-ordinated programmesi
activities in disaster-affected count,ries
among
a
non-governmental organizations. Tn:
exchanqe of information and reports on non-governmental organization relief
programmes and activities in disaster-stricken countries has to be further stepped
up to enable the Office to play its focal point role in providing information
(c)
programmes and
activities of
essential for the co-ordination of disaster relief;
(d) Delays in launching appeals for international assistanqe. At times,
a ailister are slow in coming
requests f
because of ttre reluctance of local authorities to admit their difficulties in
handling the situation. By maintaining continuous contact with Governments throuqh
its resident representative, and effectively monitoring the situation fron its
inception, the Office is attemptinq to reduce the number of such casesi
(e) Unsolicited relief sr:t>plies. The provision of unsolicited relief items
resulting from erroneous information and a desire to express solidarity with the
affected country freguently tax its limited transport and distribution capacities.
The Office is tberefore advisiirq donors to husband their resources after a disaster
strikes until the exact reguirements are assessed and made knownl
(f) Designated focal point. In some instances' the absence of a designated
focalpoinffihenationa1administrationhinderspromptand
effective relief operations and co-ordination. The importance for Governments to
assign this funct,ion clearly is therefore being st,ronqly emphasizedi
(S) Communication problems. In the aftermath of some major disastersr
seriouscomrnuniffihathamperedthetimelyflowofessential
information have been experienced. By addinq radio equipment and satellite problen
facilities to its conununications system, the Office hopes to overcome this
in futurei
(h) Delay in utilization of available relief funds. Unnecessary lono delays
sometimes occur between tfre time a casn contribution is made and the tine the
affected population benefits from it. Among the factors causing these delays are
the late identification of priority requirements, uncertainty as to whether they
can be procured tocalll, dnd lack of resources to ensure transportation and
distribution. Apart from contributing to shorteninq these delays by providing
advances from the Revolvinq Fund, the Office is endeavouring to overcome the above
factors in co-operation with its representatives in the field.
III.
DISASTER MITIGATION:
AND PREPAREDNESS
A
COMBITiIATION OF PRE\iEtilTION
28. Disaster mitigation programmes are based on two princiPal comPonents:
firstlv, prevention, to determine t,he scientific and technical nature of Probable
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disaster-causinq events that may occur in the future, and the means to protect
people and property from their impacti
secon<lly, preparedness, to determine
primarily how people can be removed to and,
safety and looked after when a disaster is
inuninent, or has occurred. fn any one project, be it national or regional, the
normal seguence is to start with prevention and proceed to preparedness activities,
i.e., to base logistical plans on the study and understanding of probable future
disaster scenarios. For instance, better siting and reinforcement of structures (a
typical prevention measure) will simplify emergency nanagement planning
reguirements, namely, preparedness. In view of the close interrelationship of
prevention and preparedness, these activities are presented jointly under the
heading of disaster nitigation, even though, for the purposes of progranming they
continue to be considered under t$ro subprograrunes.
29. After the occurrence of a maior disaster or emergency, attention is invariably
to the need for better pre-disaster planning as a prerequisite to efficient
relit:f-management. This involves a sequence of prevention and preparedness
activities in order to determine;
(a) what types and magnitudes of disaster are likely to happen in the future
drawn
and where;
(b)
whom
What
will be their inpact on people
and property;
(c) what protective measures or emergency plans are requiredi how anci
will_ t,hey be prepared;
(d) By whom and usinq what
these measuresi
(e) what post-disaster
in situ or displaced.
criteria lrill the decision be taken to
measures
will be needeci for the survivors
by
implement
whether
30. The response to these guestions requires the technical knowleclge and
co-operation of various disciplines, including engineering, planninq, civil
defence, public safety, health, welfare and pubric information.
31. The role of UNDRO is to encoura€te disaster-prone countries to address the
above guestions systernatically in the high-risk areas, and to brinq together the
various disciplines involved in findinq the most appropriate methods of
responding. Each type of disaster and each high-risk area require a specific
combination of prevention and preparedness measures. The qrowinq number of
requests for assistance in disaster mit,igation addressed to the Office reflects the
increasing urderstanding that by committing modest resources to such activities it
is often possible to reduce loss of life by half and property losses by not less
than 5 to 10 per cent. The procedure followed by UNDRo is to provide staff who
advise and assist the national authorities, firstlyr to identify the most
appropriate procedures for disaster mitigation, secondly, to develop a draft work
programme and calendar, and thirdly, to identify sources of fundinq, includino
UNDP/IPF (indicative planning fiqure) or special proiect grants by donor countries.
For disasters that affect larqe areas, transgressing national boundaries,
a
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regional approach is often called for.
regional and national approaches.
l1
The following are some examples of such
Asia
32. In the Asian reqion, the focal point for the disaster mitigation activities of
f986 at the
UNDRS is t,he Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre, established in January
Asian Inseitute of Technotogy at Bangkok. The Centre, with a full-time staff
of ll, responds to the specific needs of countries in the reqion, providing
services in traininq, information tnanagement, pre-disaster planningr the
apptication of appropriate technology anct public al{areness progralnmes. The Centre
runs courses in disaster management for national officials responsible for disaster
co-ordination. Since its inception, ghe Centre has catered to the needs of the
following countries in the region: China, India, Indonesia' Papua New Guinea, the
Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Viet Nam, as well as the Territory of
Hong Kong.
The Pacific
33. Towards the end of L987, UNDRO began to lay the groundwork for a disaster
mitigation programme for the Pacific reqion. Discussions were held with government
representatives, the South Pacific Bureau for Economic Co-operation (SPEC) and the
The main ob'iective of the proqramme is the
regional UNDP Office at Fiji.
strengthening of the capability of the Pacific islands to cope with disasters'
particularly those caused by cyclones. Activities envisaged include short-term
training exercises in disaster management, both l^tithin the countries and abroad for
national officials and updatinq of national disaster preparedness plans, emergency
conununication and community preparedness. It is planned to establish the programme
in the Fijis and to collaborate closely with the regional tropical cyclone project
of the World lvleteoroLogical Organization (Wt{O) based at Nadi, as well as with
organizations providing bilateral disaster preparedness assistance in the region'
The Caribbean
34. The pan-Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project (PCDPPP) ' which
is based in Antigua and serves 29 participating States and Territories, has been
consolidated by securing direct contributions from the participating countries in
its nanagement and financing. The project is inplemented in collaboration with the
Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) and the
League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Since 1981 a variety of
initiatives has been launched which resulted in an increased capacity for disaster
management at the national and regional levels. These include training of
personnel, technical assistance, surveys of vulnerable areas, the creation and
activation of national disaster preparedness offices and the improvement of the
emergency telecomnunications systems. The project's activities for L986/L987
focused on hazard mapping progralnmes in risk areas, the improvement of resistance
of buil-dings to earthquakes and hurricanes by traininq building contractors and
inspectors, the implementation of public awareness measures and the setting up of a
regional disaster information centre. The programme also includes technical
assistance for the development of national emergency policies and contingency
A/ 43/ 37 5
E/Le88/7
3
Enqlish
Page 12
plans' training in hurricane shelter procedures and damaqe
assessment and
simulation exercises. The project serves as a regional pool
of expertise in the
caribbean and as a focal point-for the sharing of
experiences, promotion and
co-ordination of efforts undertaken in the disaster mitigation fierd. To
effect' it maintains linkaqes with relevant international organizations this
(uNDp, the
united Nations Environment Programme (uNEp), ullEsco, wIIo and the rnternational
Telecommunication union (rru)
), "na regionar institutions (university of the $lest
rrdies' caribbean council of Engineering
organizations, caribbean News Agency,
seisnic Research unit, and others). rundinq
for pcDppp was provided by the
Governments of canada, the Netherlands and the
by the participatinq states and Territories andunited states of America, as well as
uNDRo. rt is planned to extend the
project until the end of 1990 when the participating
states and Territories have
agreed to assume the projectr s activities Oy
estaOlishinq a self_sustained regional
bocly.
Latin
America
35' rn Latin America, the recent volcanic eruptions in colombia
(rgg5) and
Guatemala (r987), the earthquake in san salvador (1986),
earthquakes
in Ecuador (1987) 1 and frooas in several countries have heightened and landslides
the awareness of
Governments that mitiqation progranmes can effectivery
reduce
the
impact
of
disasters in human and economic terms. rn response to requests
from
several
countriesr a re$ional disaster prevention and lreparedness progranme was
initiated
in 1986' with activities focusea initially on larthguake, volcano
ancl
tsunami
hazards' The main activities have included a workshop and field training
course in
vorcanic hazard mappingr dttended by
18 participants from nine countries, and a
similar workshop and training course on the recoqnition and mapping of active
earthquake zones' The preparation of reliable
zoninq maps is an essential
prerequisite in developing emergency plans, buthazard
one
which,
so far, has been taken
for only a few hiqh-risk ireas.- rnitially t,he programme will
focus on Andean
countries and will rater encompass other countries of the continent.
Financing is
principally provided by the office of Foreign Disaster Assistance
of
the
united
States Agency for International Development (USAID).
The Mediterranean
36. Following a series of devastating earthquakes in the
Mediterranean region over
the.last 10 years, and repeated calrs by the countries affected
for concerted
action to reduce earthquake losses, preparatory hrork has
been carried out to
develop a regional co-operative project on seismic risk
reduction. After surveying
country needs, a project has been elaborated by
uNDp and uNDRo in co-operation with
the united Nations centre for Human sett.lements (uNclrs), uNEp,
UNESCO and the
united Nations rndustrial Development
organization (uNrDo) to assist the
Mediterranean countries in deveroping and sharinq
innovative techniques for seismic
risk assessment, mitigation and emergency planninq.
The project is largely based
on experience of earrier seismic risk redu"tion projects
in the Balkan reqion, and
is funded mainly by a contribution from ltaly.
^/43/375
E/1988/7 3
English
Paqe 13
National Projects
37. In addition to these regional projects, UNDRO has co-ordinated sinqle-country
organized
activities in Egypt, Haiti, Indonesia, Madagascar, Nepal and Niqer, and
and
seminars
mitigation
disaster
or
multi-country
or contributed to various single
follow'
projects
Examples of such
t,raininq activities.
Egypt
for
3g. Egypt has identified flash flood and earthquake as thto disaster types
UNDRo has
capacity'
preparedness
and
prevention
which it wishes to strengthen its
initiated and is monitoring, in close liaison with UNDP, a technical assistance
assess
project. A preparatory assistance mission was fielded to review hazards'
national disaster mitigation and management capacities, and identify future
evaluation planning and traininq needs'
Indonesia
has
39. A project to strengthen all aspects of disaster management and mitigation
USAID'
and
been inplemented since mid-1986 with the national authorities' UI{DP
trainingi
The pro-iect involving four ministries has four main areas of activityl
has
It
organization and procedures; information flow; and risk monitoring'
identified disaster mitigation options for inclusion in Indonesia's next five-year
officials
development plan. lbarly 200 national and provincial disaster management
have already received training.
Madagascar
In
40. I"ladagascar has suf fered major recent losses from cyclones and flods.
UNDRO
these'
to mitiqate
response to government reguests for technical- assistance project
for the
UNDP-funded
of
a
execution
the
since
1985
supervized
has
training and
establishment of a national network of ernerqency centres with related
project was
the
1987
communication systems for disaster management. By the end of
almost comPleted.
Training seminars
41. In addition to various training activities undertaken as components ofa Seminar
1986'
regional projects, several indepencient seminars have been held' In and
orsanized
on Earthguake Prediction and Mitiqation was held at Dushanbe' UssR'
and
UNDP
with
as
in co-operation with institutions of the host country as well
developinq
from
UNESCO. The purpose !{as to acquaint responsible officials
countries wit,h the latest methods of earthquake risk reduction and disaster
management, and to exchange experience and information on these.
Manuals
42. In response to the need expressed in many developinq countries for simpledesign
interdisciplinary technigues to assess the risks of natural disasters and to
appropriate counter-measures, UNDRO is preparing a manual on disaster mitigation
A/ 43/37 s
E/L988/7 3
English
Page 14
aspects of physical planninq and buildinq. The manual gives practical quidance
to
professionals and administrators at the regional and local levels, and will
a
be
further addition to the existing uNDRo series entitled Disaster prevention
and
Mitiqation - A compendium of current Knowledge.
43' Another manual in preparation dears with mudflows, which have been prominent
the causes of recent disasters. This
reviews current knowledqe of the
characteristics of mudflorps, and technigues manual
for the mitigation of their inpact.
among
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction
44' with a view to providing concert,ed international action to reduce
the human
and material losses caused by national disasters, through the wider diffusion and
application of scientific and technical knowledge, the i<iea of an international
decade, first suggested by the President of the united states
Academy of sciences
in his address to the world conference on Earthguake Engineering
in Jury 19g4, has
been welcomed and supported by professional communities throuqhout the world.
subseguently, the General Assenbly, at its fort,y-second session,
adopted
resolution 42/l6g on Il December !,g87, designatins the 1990s as the
Internationat
Decade for National Disaster Reduction. roitowinj the
establishment by the
secretary-General of a united Nations steering Committee for the Decade, uNDRo
acted as host in Aprit lggg to the first meetinq of an fnter_Agency glorking
at vthich the relevant activities of the organizations of the united Nations Group
system
were reviewed and recommendations were made to the steerinq cornmittee
concerning
action to be taken in preparation for the launching of the Decade in January 1990.
steps are now being taken hrith a view to preparing the
reports that the
secretary-General has been requested to submit to the General Assenbly
at its
forty-third and forty-fourth sessions. These incrude:
(a) The constitution of an International Preparatory
of Experts to
assist' the secretary-General in the planning and preparationGroup
of the Decade and to
advise on its initial prograrnme contenti
(b) Meetings of an Inter_Agency Steering Comnittee and of an Inter_Aqency
9forking Group, to define the role of the united Nations system in promoting the
Decade and in supporting national and international
activities to be undertaken
part of the Decade programmei
as
(c) Consultations with interested international non-governmental
organizations, with a view to determining
role that these orqanizations may
play in the planning and implementation of the
the Decaders progranme of activities.
IV.
DISASTER INFORMATION
45' Reguests to UNDRO for disast,er-related information have increased,
especialry
frorn national disaster offices, training institutes and technical services
and from
the field offices of various international and non_qovernmental orqanizations.
There has also been a marked increase in the number of visits try disaster
speciarists and researchers to consult the uNDRo Reference centre and Data Bank.
A/ 43/37 5
E/L988/73
Enqlish
Paqe 15
and manaqement have been publisbed,
which include the French and Spanish editions of volume L2 of the UNDRO series
er entitled
rent Knor't
ndium of
Prevention and Mitiqat
Disa
-A
on
Manual
of
the
Social and Sociological Aspects 2,/ and the Spanish edition
ensured
has
UNDRO
\iclcanic Emergencv Management. 3,/ In co-operation with WHo/PAHo'
manaqement
health
on
the
the publication of a French edition of five manuals
aspects of disasters.
46. Several new volumes on disaster mitigation
47. A bilingual (English and French) directory of national and international
schools, institutions and aqencies providing training in disaster managemenE, 4/
and a list of national officials responsible for the nanagement of disasters and
other emergencies, emergency plans and disaster leqislation !/ have also been
published. As at I January 1987, a computerized listinq of disasters by types of
event and location, with a brief summary of human and economic losses, ltas
established and will be further developed.
4g. The data processing and communications activities of UNDRo again showed a
considerable expansion durinq 1996-1987. In the area of data processinqr oD€ major
neyr system hras introduced, the UNDRO International Disaster Management Ihformation
Network - UNDRONET (see description below) and two nest data bases were designed and
recorded. In addition, significant enhancements to existing components were made'
including a complete redesign of the contributions recording system, whose
inplementation was completed during the reportinq period. In the area of
telecommunications, the UNDRO computerized system for distribution of disaster
situation reports (SITREPS) was also improved significantly, allowing for the
efficient, cost-effective distribution of these SITREPS to an important new body of
grctential donors in North America. As a result, the total number of SITREP copies
distributed to potential donors around the world increased from some 50,000 in the
L984-1985 biennium to approximately 65,000 in 1987-1988. The Office also
transmitted in the reporting period a total of 72,378 telexes, including copies of
the 65,000 srrREPS.
49. A new information network for international disaster management called
UNDRONET has been launched. This is a network by which members of the world-wide
disaster management community can have direct contact ?tith each other, either
through a computer terminal or throuqh a micro-computer, and which provides then
instantaneously with both background and operational disaster-related information."
data
UNDRONET provides an electronic mail service, a bullet,in board, and access to
bases which can be searched for specific disaster-related information and is
connected to all other parallel United Nations networks. It is expected to bring
about an important reduction in UNDRO telecommunication costs. Table I below shows
the magnitude of the present expenditures and consequently the potential for
reducing these by the introduction of UNDRONET.
50. New systems for the distribution of multiple-adclress telexes for the
distribution of UNDRO situation reports and for contributions reporting have been
introduced. Remote computer-to-computer communications have been expanded by the
participation of UNDRO in the EARN/BITNET information network, as well as by the
installation of micro-computers in disaster-affected countries'
A/43/37 s
E/L988/7 3
English
Page 15
Table I
Statistics
on disasters and telecommunications
Bienni
um
IEB?:Ie8s
Disasters with
involvement
Number of telex
messages transmitted
Costs
1987
98
52
58
110
335
1-74
1sl
32s
UNDRO
Situation reports issued
(of which,
Biennium
1985-1987
1986
SITREPS
($US1
327
36
253
36 I25
72 378
s0 000
32
000
33
65 00 0)
56
180
963
1s0 r52
000
L62 004
3L2 165
Transnission time
(
7
hour s)
Costs per hour
L6s
4
990
30 I
($US1
V.
4
635
34
95
9
62s
32
43
ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE
51' The present organizational structure of uNDRo is set out in document
sr/sGB/otganization, section N/Rev.2 and Amend.l of Lgg4, and responds to proposals
made by the Administrative Management Service of the
secretariat in 19g1.
52. The staffing table of UNDRO for 1986/Lg87
in'annex rr to the present
report'. A total 0f 37 posts are financed from appears
the regular budget and 1g from the
suhr-account of the UNDRo rrust Fund for the strengthening of the office.
53' For the biennium 1986-1987, t.he General Assembly appropriated an amount of
$Us 6'418,300. Annex I to the present report shows the regular frudgets for the
three bienniums 1982-19g3, 19g4-19g5 and 19g6_19g7, toqether with the evolution
of
appropriations
and cor responding expenditures.
54. In so far as extrabudgetarv resources are concerned, all voluntary
UNDRo are credited to one of the accounts bel_ow:
(a) united Nations Trust Fund for Generar Disaster
created by virtue
of General Assembly resolution 2g16 (XXW) of 14 DecemberRerief,
l97l:
contributions to
A/43/37s
E/L988/73
Enqlish
Page 17
Available balance at end of Period
Biennium
(United States dollars)
(b)
virtue of
1982-1983
783 200
1984-198s
970 900
1986-198
731
UNDRO
7
Trust
General
Fund, sub-accrount
AssemblY
for the strenothening of
of 29 November
resolution 3243 (XXIX)
Closing
balance
Opening
Income
balance
Biennium
371
Expenditure
UNDRO,
L97
created
bY
4t
Combined allotments
for the trto Years
198 2-198 3
923 506
I
254 446
t
395
011
1984-1985
783 04t
I 729 0r9
I
505
412
006 648
2 3L6
2 188 308
1985-1987
I
462
783 041
1 532 800
t
006 648
I
I
134
2 003 800
802
992
400
(c) UNDRO Trust Fund, sub-account for technical co-operation created
virtue of General AssemblY resolution 3532 (xxx) of 17 December 1975;
Opening
balance
Biennium
Ad'iustment to
prior period
Expenditure
Incone
Closing
balance
3
s73
017
1984-198s
s06
358
19
I 2-198
1986-1987
I
019 14s
-1
150
000
9
702 686
L
L27 233
6J.7 693
I
826
987 984
6 024 010
368
s06
I
368
019 145
4 833 rl9
This sub-account includes income and expenditures for two separate entitles:
(i) The pan-Caribbean Disaster Preparedness and Prevention Project for
which the lg86r/1987 closing balance represents $us 3L21233i
(ii) The United Nations Supply Depot at Pisa for which the 1985/1987 closinq
balance represents $US 3r3691888.
A/ 43/37 s
E/Le88/7
3
English
Page 18
As a result, the unearmarked portion available for technical co-operation
activities as at, I January lggg stands at $US 1,150,99g.
(d) UNDRo Trust Fund, sub-account for emergency relief in specific
countries (earmarked contributions channelled through uNDRo) :
Bienni
Income
fron
Governments and
intergovernmental orqanizations
um
198
2-1983
ts
103
360
198
4-1985
15 993
065
198 6-198 7
15 331 671
55' The sub-account for unearmarked emergency assistance to supplement regular
budget qrants, established by General Assenbly resolution 3532 (xxx), has been
inoperative during the period under review and continues to have available funds of
$US 10,000 by the end of 1987.
56. As can be seen in paragraph 54 (b) above, the opening barance as at
I January 1988 of the UNDRO rrust Fund sub-account for the strengthening of uNDRo
is still encouraginq and arrounts to $us 1,1341802 compared to the r January lgg7
opening balance of $us 11006,648. Horever, it should be recalled that more than
one third of uNDRors staffing and associate costs (i.e., travel
and communicationl
are met by voluntary contributions. UNDRO therefore has the vast responsibility of
securinq the financinq for t,his sub-account each year. Moreoverr aDY demand for an
increase in the level of activity entails expenditures in excess of the level of
the Fund.
Notes
L/
2/
See documents UNDRO/86/04 and UNDRO,/87,/5.
office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator,
(cE.8s-02838).
1/
!/
2/
rbid.,
cE.85-02770.
rbid.,
G8.86-03149.
rbid.,
c8.87-01496.
Geneva, 1986
A/ 43/37
5
E/t988/73
English
Page 19
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A/43/37 5
E/L988/73
Enqlish
Page 20
ANIIEX
II
Staffinq table of the Office of the United Nations
Dlsaster Relief Co-ordinator
Extrabudgetary
resources
1986-1987
Professional category and
above
t
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Total
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Other Levels
Total
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A/43/375
E/L9e8/73
Engltsh
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43/37s
^/
E/L988/7
English
3
Page 22
N{NEX IV
Disaster-+nvolvemeng,of the Office of the United Nations
Disaster nelief Co-ordinator - 1996/1997
statement
of
Date
16 January
UNDRO
grants as at 3l
December 1997
Countrv
1.986
3 February
Bol
Situat,ion
ivia
Floods
Amount
in
30
000
2
000
s0
000
Democratic Yenen
Civil strife
l7 February 1986
Lebanon
Armed
25 March 1986
Peru
Floods
25
000
Haiti
Fire and floods
30
000
El Salvador
Earthguake
30 000
Fij i
Cyclone Rajah
20 000
9 March 1987
Vanuatu
Cyclone
l0
000
9 March
1987
Chad
Displaced persons
30
000
27
April
1987
Maldives
Floods
10
000
28
April
1982
Ecuador
Earthguake
25
000
25 May 1987
China
Forest fire
30
000
28 August 1987
Bangladesh
Floods
25
000
Guatemala
F
loods
10
000
20 October 1987
Lesotho
Snerstorm
10
000
3l
Viet
Typhoon "Maury'
20
000
198G
5 September
1986
19 ltlcvember 1986
7 January
1987
8 October t9g7
December l98Z
Nam
Total as at 3l
December 1987
conflict
357 000
$US
A/ 43/37 5
E/]-988/73
Enqlish
Paqe 23
ANNEX V
The response
of the Office of tbe United Nations Disaster -Relief
situations: brief descriPtion of
relief operations
- Africa
1. The return of the rains after years of drouqht created ideal conditions for
the reprduction of locusts and the developnent of infestations over wide areas in
the middle of 1985. For the first time in half a century, aII four species
in
commonly found in Africa simultaneously invaded nillions of hectares of cropland
Africa.
approximately 20 countries of eastern, central and southern
Locust infestations
After the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) had
issued its first appeal in May 1986, UNDRO co-operared with the FAO Emergency
Centre for Iocust Operations (ECIO) in strengtheninq the mobilization and
co-ordination of resources, recording emerqency needs and contributions and in
reporting to the intsernational community on the developnrent of tbe situation'
3. During the second tralf of.1985, the Office issued 1l situation reports both in
Enqlish and French. A further l0 situation report- "!re issued in 1987'
4. To speed up the transfer of information, a conputer-to-conputer link allowinq
direct contact was established in Septernber 1986 between the offices of FAoACto at
Rome and UNDRO at Geneva.
Z.
Office also toot< a leading role in briefing non-goverrunental organizations
interested in helping to combat the locust threat, by organizing special
information neetings on the subject for their benefit. The meeEing was attended by
more than 40 non-goverrunental organizations, as well as by representatives of
permanent missions and of organizations of the United Nations systen.
5.
The
6. At the recomnendation of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator, the
Secretary-General issued a statement on 14 August 1986 drawing attention to the
threat posed to food production in Africa by the locust infestations and pledging
ful} United Nations support for the efforts of FAO to assist Che affected
countries. UNDRO,/United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) resident
representatives were also urged to reactivate the local emergency co-ordinatinq
mecbanisms which had functioned so successfully durinq the 1985 drought.
The sustained and effective collaboration between UNDRO and FAO drew a timely
response fron the donor community, and FAO was able to report that during the trto
years of the campaign as much assistance had been received as in the whole of the
previous 20-year period.
7.
A/43/37 s
E/Le88/7 3
English
Page 24
Bangladesh
8. A tropical depression hit the southern islands of Bangladesh on 5 June 1987,
followed by a six-foot tidal wave which swept over low-lying islands. UNDRO
monitored the situation and kept the international community informed through a
number of information reports.
9. As heavy rains followedr the situation furt,her deteriorated, and on 17 August,
the Government of Bangladesh requested international assistance. The disaster
killed 692 persons, affected an estimated 23 million people, and damaged or
destroyed some 780,000 houses and 1,100 miles of enbankments. Thousands of cattle
perished ard over 4 million acres of standing crops were either totally or
partially destroyed. From 19 August until the end of October, when the situation
began to ease' UNDRO issued nine situation reports. Donor response tso the appeal,
lrith contributions in cash and kind, exceeded $US 60 million reported to UNDRO.
I0. The Disaster Relief Co-ordinator visited Bangladesh from I to 5 September at
the invitation of the Goverrunent for talks with senior officials, and later
report.ed to the secretary-General.
I1. In addition, UNDRO assigned tsro consultants to assist the UNDRO,/UNDP Resident
Co-ordinator and the Government of Bangladesh in assessing the damager in
identifying unmet needs and in drawing up rehabilitation prograrnmes.
Bol
ivia
12. Durinq the first quarter of 1986, heavy rains in the areas of Cochabamba,
Santa Cruz and Titicaca in Bolivia led to widespread floods which affected 250r000
people and damaged or destroyed 10,000 homes and 44r000 hectares of crop land.
13. Emergency needs were clearly identified, and contributiqrs of close to
$US 3 million were reported. UNDRO itself made a cash grant of $US 301000, which
was used for the local purchase of tents and tools. The United Kingdom of Great
Britain and l'trorthern Ireland channelled a total of $US 58,000 through UNDRO for the
local purchase of relief supplies and the provision of medicines.
14. In March 1986, at the request of the UNDRO/UNDP Resident Representative, an
delegate was assigned to co-ordinate relief efforts. In addition, an UNDRO
consultant spent three months in Bolivia (December 1986-February 1987) to assist
the Civil Defence authorities to build up a co-ordinating structure to cope with
the logistics of disaster relief.
UNDRO
15. A contri.bution of $US 60,000 from the Government of ftaly to UNDRO was used to
finance teto projects (run by non-governmental organizations and the UNDP/United
Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS) ) for resettling flood victims as well
as to purchase communications equipment for the civiL defence.
A/43/375
E/L988/73
English
Paqe 25
Carneroon
16.
An emission of toxic qas on 2l August 1985 from the volcanic Lake Nyos' in
sparsely populated north-western Carneroon, caused the death of 1,500 peopte and led
to the evacuation of 31000 others. On 26 August, the Government of Cameroon
requested UNDRO to launch an international appeal for certain basic relief
supplies. By the following day, immediate emergency needs had been covered and
UNDRO asked clonors to delay the dispatch of further aid until confirmation of any
unmet needs.
L7. Probably owing to its unusual cause, the Lake l.lyos disaster gave rise to
extensive coverage by the mass media, which resulted in reports that stere not
always accurate. While the disaster affected only a limited number of people,
reports show that international assistance far exceeded the actual needs.
China
18. In May ]-987, as UNDRO was issuing its first infornation report on a forest
fire in China, a major blaze had already begun to enqulf toldns and more than
300r000 hectares of forest in Heilongjiano Province. The fire spread rapidly due
to strong winds and dry neather. Although thousands of fire-fighters, soldiers and
civilians fought the flanes on several fronts and the army carried out
cloud-seedirg, the fire could not be extinquished until one month later when
widespread rain finally brought it under control.
19. Total deaths amounted to 193. The seriously injured numbered 226, and 56,000
people were rendered homeless. The fire devastated more than I million hectares,
including 700,000 hectares of forest land, and damaged 121000 houses. Losses were
estimated at over $US 110 million.
20. Detailed reports from the UNDRO/UNDP Resident Representative in China enabl"ed
the Office to keep the international community fully informed of the relief needs.
Donors provided fire extinguishers, food and other relief materials.
2L. The UNDRO emergercy grant of $US 301000, together with those of UNDP and the
United Nations Childrenrs Fund (UNICEF), was util-ized for the purchase of transport
eouipment to assist the fire-fightinq operations. Total contributions reported to
UNDRo amounted to $us 5.85 million.
Ecuador
22. A severe earthquake struck four north-eastern provinces of Ecuador during the
night of 5 and 6 March 1987. l\llo major shocks measurins 6.0 and 6.8 on the Richter
scale were followed by a series of aftershocks. over 11000 people ltere killed and
26r000 rendered homeless. Approximately 75,000 people living in the Amazon reqion
were cut off from the rest of the country. The rupture of Ecuador's major oil
pipeline resulted in considerable loss of export earninqs.
A/43/37 s
E/Le88/7 3
English
Page 26
23. At the reguest of the Government, an international appeal for emergency
assistance vtas issued. Contributions in cash and kind from the international donor
community amounted to some $Us 7.5 million, of which over $US 3001000 were
channelled through UNDRO. Damage to the countryrs social and economic
infrastructure was estimated at $US 185 million.
El Salvador
24. The earthguake that occurred on l0 October 1985 caused 1,200 deaths, injured
more than 10,000 people and rendered some 50,000 farnilies homeless. Between
10 October and 5 November 1986, UNDRO issued t4 situation reports and recorded
contributions in cash and kind valued at $US 12.5 million. Subsequent
contributions for rehabilitat,ion and reconstruction brouqht the total to over
$US 75 million.
25. Within 48 hours, donors hrere alerted to the fact that enouqh relief supplies
covering imnediate relief needs, as well as search and rescue teams, hrere being
rushed to San Salvador by neighbouring countries, European donors, the United
States of America, the European Econonic Community (EEC) and the Pan-American
Health Organization (PAHO). This permitted donors to adjust their contributions in
kind to those itens not yet covered or to reserve funds for the rehabilitation and
reconstruction of San Salvador.
26. The French and Swiss rescue teams and an UNDRO delegate flew to San Salvador
in a Swiss-chartered aircraft which left within 24 hours of the disaster. UNDRO
arranged for the joint dispatch of nedical supplies and other relief goods donated
by four individual Governments, EEC, the International Committee of the Red Cross
and several non-governmental organizations in another aircraft chartered by the
Swiss Disaster Relief Unit.
27. UNDRO provided an emerqency grant of $US 30r000 tonards re-establishinq the
drinking wat,er supply in two hospitals of San Salvador.
Ethiopia
28. After the devastatinq drought of L9g4/L995, the situation somewhat inproved
during 1986. In the course of that year, UNDRO organized a $US I million air-drop
operation which delivered within a period of two months L1872 metric tons of
emergency food in northern rf,ollo for distribution by the Relief and Rehabilitation
Commission and World Vision International.
This food was reguired to assist a
still seriously famine-affected population of 135r000 people living in inaccessible
areas around Sekota. This operation was undertaken with the Belgian Air Force
which developed a unigue low-altitude gravity extraction air-drop technique. a/
29. When the harvest $tas once again threatened by drouqht in the second half of
1987, a larqe-scale relief progranme was drawn up in consultation with the
Government and h'ith the other humanitarian relief orqanizations operational in the
country. An international appeal for 1.3 million metric tons of emergency food
aid, as well as for large-scale assistance in ttre areas of loqistics, aqriculture,
health and sanitation, was launched.
A/43/37 s
E/L988/73
Enqlish
Paqe 27
30. Followinq a multi-donor relief transport capacity study, which indicated that
surface transport alone was unlikely to meet emergency transport reguirements in
Eritrea and Tigray, a Transport Fund rras established, out of which an air transport
operation was financed. Some 12 donor countries responded to the emergencv appeal
of 13 November 1987 and pledged over $US 9 million in record tine. The UNDRO
airlift, became operat.ional on 5 December and has continued uninterrupted to date.
31. During 1987, UNDRO issued 1l situation reports on the emergency and provided,
through its delegates in the field, continued monit-oring, information and emergency
management functions to assist the Secretary-General's Special Representative.
Haiti
32. Following reguests from the Government, which were endorsed by the Special
Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations in Haiti, UNDRO
launched appeals to the international communitv to fund several projects of an
emergency nature. The projects rvere implemented under the supervision of an UNDRO
delegate from the Swiss Disaster Unit, who was seconded to the "Office pre-desastre
et de secours" (OPDES) - the national focal point for disaster preparedness and
re lief .
June 1986, the south-western peninsula of Haiti was hit by serious flooding
following exceptionally heavy rainfall over several days. Twenty thousand ha of
agricultural land were devastated. Road infrastructure and irriqation systems etere
heavily danaged, several thousand houses dest.royed, and 80,000 pec;>le affected.
Several donor Governments and non-governmental organizations were quick to provide
relief assistance. UNDRO developed a project to protect populated areas and
agricultural land from the negative impact of future floodinq. A total of
$US 6901000 were received in contributions from several Governments and a
non-governmental organization. The project was implemented during the period from
October 1985 to October 1987.
33. In
34. On t6 llay 1985, a slum area of Port-au-Prince was destroyed by fire leaving
its 2,400 inhabitants completely destitute. In collaboration with the disaster
victims and ghe authorities concerned, UNDRO developed a project for the provision
of basic housing urdertaken by the disaster victims themselves with the help of
arcbitecture students from the university. An amount of $US 130'000 received by
UNDRO was used for the construction of a drainage channel, public water fountains
and other sanitation measures. It was also decided to construct a htater reservoir
in case of future fire outbreaks.
35. On I0 July 1987, torrential rains hit Port-au-Prince and surrounding areas'
causing important damage in sone sectors of the capital and leavin9 7,500 persons
dest,itute. Following an appeal launched by the Government of Haiti throuqh UNDRO,
an emergency relief programme was implemented in co-operation with OPDES. An
amount of $US I3O,00O sras spent for local purchase of basic relief items and
$US 10r000 for equipment for the intervention brigades of OPDES. Contributions
were received fro:a fi.ve donors.
A/ 43/37 s
E/L988/7
3
English
Page 28
Lebanon
36. The relief activity of UNDRO in favour of the affected population in Lebanon
beqan on 11 June 1982 with the launchinq of the Secretary-General,s appeal for
relief assistance to alleviate the sufferinq resulting fron the Israeli invasion.
Since then, with the continuation of military activities in 1985, UNDRO involvement
has been graduatly increased. By october 1986 the value of assistance given or
reported throuqh UNDRO reached $US 41r549r884. Because of increased emergency
relief assistance and because of the evacuation of United Nations international
staff, UNDRO made its representative at Beirut available to act also as
officer-in-Charge of the office of the united Nations Co-ordinator of Assistance
for the Reconstruction and Development of Lebanon as well as Chairman of the United
Nations Co-ordinating Committee at Beirut.
37. In 1987, external military intervention in southern Lebanon was complicated by
a further escalation in the so-called "camp nar". The consequences of this
day-after-day deterioration have been widespread impoverishment of a growinq part
of the population which is no longer able to satisfy its basic needs in healthr
foodr housing and education.
38. As a response to the increased number of people in need, the Secretary-C,eneral
launched a "special appeal" throuqh UNDRO on 20 I'tarch 1987 for the provision of
assistance to Lebanon. In close co-ordination with the Office of the
Under-Secretary-GeneraL for Political and General Assembly Affairs, based on
General Assembly resolution 4I/L95 of 8 December 1986, UNDRO continued monitoring
the emergerrcy situation in Lebanon. In March, September and December 1997, UNDRO
organized information meetings for the representatives of Governments, United
Nations agencies, intergovernmental and non-qovernmental organizations. Its
representative at Beirut was joined by another deleqate to co-ordinate relief
activity in the country. The assistance in cash, materials and services given or
reported through UNDRO in 1987 amounted to $US 22,936,955 and provided help to
Lebanese of a1l categories (displaced people, mothers and children, disabled,
students, orphans, etc.) as well as people affected by naturar disaster (floods).
39. Following a United Nations Inter-Agency Assessment Mission (4 to
l0 October 1987) the Secretary-General appeale<t through UNDRO on 4 December 1987
'
for further energency
relief aid for a value of $US 35r150,000, including food,
health and sanitation facilities, education, shelter and fuel. So far, donorsl
response has exceeded $US 6 million.
Mozambique
40- Qn 27 February 1987 UNDRO issued a special appeal by the Secretary-General
'
for $US 247 mitlion in emergency
assistance to the Peoplers Republic of
Mozambigue. In March 1987, the Secretary-General convened a meetinq at Geneva '!to
review the response to his appeal and to assess latest developments in regard to
relief operations in Mozambique,'.
A/ 43/37
5
E/l-988/73
Enqlish
Page 29
41. Emergency relief contributions reported to UNDRO from I January to
3I December 1987 amounted to $US 337 millioo, of which $us 1,391,587 were
channelled through UNDRO by the Governments of Australia, Canada, Cyprus, Finland,
Ireland, Swit,zerland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern lreland.
to support the United
in Mozambique
(UNSCERO) in his tasks. The adviser assisted the Government in creating emergency
mechanisms, including provincial emergency commissions in each of the affected
provinces and the Emergency Operations Committee. In co-operation vtith the Swiss
Disaster Relief Unit, the Office supplied the services of computer experts,
computer eguipment and training for UNSCERO and offices of the National Executive
Commission for Emergency. Another adviser stationed at lvtaputo carried out field
assessments and, in conjunction with the world Food Prograrnme (WFP), identified
Iogistics bottle-necks and advanced solutions.
42. UNDRO provided an adviser and emergency liaison officer
Nations speciat Co-ordinator for Energency Relief operations
43. In August 1987, the Office chartered a small aircraft to facilitate movenents
betlreen Maputo and the provinces. The aircraft nas used, inter alia, to allow
UNSCERO, the Government of Mozambique and representatives of donor countries to
monitor the evolution of the emergency situation and needs in otherwise
inaccessible areas, as well as to undertake assessments of field projects by
non-goverrunental organizations and united Nations agencies.
44. During the reporting period, UNDRO was directly involved in a number of
projects, the main ones of which are listed below:
(a) Const,ruction of a 275-meter-long cement bridqe over the Incomati River at
Ir{oamba (north-west of Maputo) and repair of the Moamba-Sabie roadi
(b) Rehabilitation of the Nhamatanda Hospital (Sufala) and a health care
programme in Inhanbane Province;
(c) Provision of seven trucks and radios to DPCCN (Department for the
Prevention and Combat, of Natural Disasters) i
(d) Supply of 2,000 metric tons of aluninium sulphate for water treatmenti
(e)
SuPPort
(i)
The llFP
(ii)
(iii)
for:
airlift of food and supplies to
Provinces of Sofala and Manicai
localities in
the
oxFAlr{/United Kingdom transport operations;
WEP-run
coastal servicesi
(f) Local transportation of
(S)
seven isolated
seeds
Supply of tents, qenerators,
from the UNDRO warehouse at Pisa.
in time for
t,he sowinq seasoni
tools and galvanized corrugated iron
sheets
/...
A/43/37s
E/]-988/73
English
Paqe 30
Democratic
yemen
45. Fighting started in Aden on 13 January 1986. Following reports that the
interim leader of Democratic Yemen reguested international assistance, UNDRO
for first-aid and medical naterial. An uNDRo team of five,
of the Swiss Disaster Relief Unit, flew to Aden to assess
relief needs and co-ordinate assistance. Following consultations
with agencies
concerned' UNDRO organized a special f!.ight for the transport of retief supplies
urgently needed to replenish stocks severely depleted by the civil strife.
46. Total contributions reported to uNDRo were $us Lr5o2r4l0, of which $us 44,241
launched an appeal
including three
members
were channelled through
UNDRO.
Notes
e/ Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinatorr "Final report
on execution, procedures and experience gained, , December 1986.
A/43/375
E/!9e8/13
Engli.8lt
Page 3l
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A/43/375
E/]-988/73
English
Paqe 33
ANITEX
VII
Total contributions by donor countrv (a11 disasters) for
which value was reported to the Offlce of the United
Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator (1985-1987)
(in United States dollars)
Total
Donor
country
Argentina
Australia
Austr i a
Bangladesh
Bahrain
Barbados
Belgium
Bhutan
10
5
1987
180 000
520 896
1I0 000
1
100 000
5 000
195
I
Brazil
(++)
Canada
29 794
390
55 000
China
Colombia
4
_847
Denmark
France
863 39s
50 000
3 800
175 000
2 L97
29s 230
500 000
85 954
(++)
(++)
667
L 782 066
I
499
9 346
Finland
s2I
L 242
-7
778
206
368
287 355
Gabon
German Democratic
I
000
Republic of)
L4
tloly
See
Hong Kong
Hunqary
Ind ia
Indonesia
I
624 L97
L82 500
30 000
000
544 200
t0
000
618 638
100 000
5 000
2 455 590
50
I
2
000
800
000
L97
t
000
3
176
48 089 520
6ss 000
4 934 2LO
697 L79
136
000
13 323 202
2
9
499
(++)
3 406 292
297
4
_473
4 648
12 251
287
346
498
555
356
6 194
302
194 302
Germany (Federal
Greece
Guatemala
000
667
Ll s4l
I
6
Republic
290
26 845 4L7
7 372 322
(++)
(++)
697 179
Dominican Republic
Fij i
t8
256
Cuba
C!prus
Czechoslovakia
Democratic Kampuchea
224
80t 5L2
538
_618
r
Botsvrana
Chile
L6
570 810
:'o'
Bolivia
1985-r987
1985
1t_517 458
I
l0 000
640 205
11 419
415 194
26 241 6ss
182 s00
30 000
75 000
640 205
11 419
2 959 394
10 000
A/43/375
E/L98e/73
English
Page 34
Donor
Total
country
1986
1987
19
86-1987
Iran (Islamic
Republic of)
Irag
Ireland
IsraeI
386 960
39
001 67L
7
548 8s6
L6 2s9
I
057 114
(++)
Italy
Jamaica
Japan
Kenya
Kuwait
I"ao Peopler s
Denrocratic Republic
Luxenbourg
Maur i tius
Mexico
Morocca
tilauru
NepaI
34 602
New Zealand
000
639
396 000
(++)
I 6s8
L92 858
(++)
5
815
5 623
679 03s
90 000
646 384
363 393
76s 000
Norway
Pakistan
Papua New Guinea
Peru
Philippines
I
Republic of Korea
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
5_607 137
155 208
Switzerland
Taiwan
America
Union of
(++)
ll 744 844
374
_579
L26 0t8
24
6
18
(++)
(++)
3 000 000
180 000
10
:
Thailand
United Kingdom of
Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
United States
590 000
29 055
Spain
Sri Lanka
Sweden
28
t1*,
2
I
700
9s2 459
874 422
200 000
l0 000
L 307 524
18 890
89 368 297
I
000
13 808 495
396 000
34
602
8
658
36s 698
(++)
(++)
(++)
:
345 711
960
(++)
L72 840
,:*,
Nigeria
of
I
(++)
tibtherlands
Poland
Por tuga
385
(++)
240 410
18 890
s0 366 626
000 000
(++)
283 403
(++)
50 092 049
L 704 955
000
21 438
90 000
34 325 4L9
710 104
755 000
17 3s1 981
s79 374
ls5
208
(++)
(++)
2 590 000
3 000 000
209 055
10 000
000
(++)
409 42L
I
700
75 044 508
8 s79 388
250 000
10 000
011 997
23
444 473
24L 302 448
1r3
061 628
354 354 076
361 711
133 361
41 456
470
Soviet Socialist
Republics
133 000 000
711
A/43/375
n/L988/73
Enqlish
Paqe 35
TotaI
Donor
country
Venezuela
Arab Republic
Yugoslavia
Zaire
Yemen
Zimbabwe
198 7
198 6
22s
(++)
225 000
000
(++)
,:*,
4
t98 5-19 87
800
101 800
100 000
4 602 041
392 23r 782
964 173 505
101
100 000
602 047
Total,
Government,s
57L 94L
EuroPean
Economic
Community
r78 484 487
GRAND TOTAL
7s0 426
723
2L0
:
s3 533
320
445 765 L02
I
232 0L7
807
196 191
312
Notes:
UNDRo without, corresponding, value. Many
with no corresponding valuei these, of
contributions
reported
other countries
course, could not be included in the totals for those countries Iisted above.
(++) Contribution(s) report,ed to

English

Transcription

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