Gyeongju - Templestay
Transcription
Gyeongju - Templestay
T he marks of ancient history are never far away in Gyeongju, ready to be discovered by explorers on foot or bicycle. You can find royal burial mounds dressed in green turf in the ancient city’s environs, and exquisite stone structures scattered all over the city bear testimony to Silla’s technical mastery of working in stone. The whole city is a ‘roofless museum,’ listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List as Gyeongju Historic Areas in December 2000 and elected as one of Korea’s top eight historical sites in 2011. The World Heritage designation attests to the exceptional significance the world ascribes to the remarkable concentration of sites and monuments in this area. Templestay 2012 Summer Vol. 02 Gyeongju: The Silla Kingdom’s Long-Cherished Dream of a Buddha-Land Realized on Earth Seokguram Grotto & Bulguksa Temple Invitation to a Mountain Hermitage Contents The mountain is green, and the cloud is white, Ever free from delusions or defilements Seated in the midst of this, A traveler is set free from all discriminating thoughts. 3 Seon poem by Master Seosan Gyeongju : The Silla Kingdom’s Long-Cherished Dream of a Buddha-Land Realized on Earth Seokguram Grotto, Bulguksa Temple 14 14 Bulguksa Daily Templestay This is it! This is what I wanted to show you! 22 25 29 34 Dharma Talk-2 Buddhism is Helpful to Golfers Come and 29 join Templestay while in Korea 18 Visit to Gyeongju 33 Cartoon Attractions around Bulguksa Happiness is right beside you... 34 The Emotion of Korea Ferocious Appearances Full of Emotions – The Four Guardian Kings 22 Temple Food Seasonal Vegetable’s Secret Magic for Soothing the Summer Heat 25 Dharma Talk-1 Samulnori shocked my soul. It led me to Korea and then, to Buddhism 36 Where to Experience Templestay 16 Selected Temples for Foreigners We’re proud to introduce the free Templestay App Book for iPAD users. Just look for ‘Templestay Magazine App’ in the App Store and download it on your tablet device. Gyeongju: The Silla Kingdom’s Long-Cherished Dream of a Buddha-Land Realized on Earth Templestay Magazine 2012 Summer Vol. 02 Templestay http://www.templestay.com http://twitter.com/templestaykorea http://www.facebook.com/templestaykorea Designed by design Meotjit Yeo Kiltae & Lee Jeamyeong Designer Photographs by Lee Seungho, Ha Jigwon, Ryu daeguen Project Bora Kang Jiyeon Text by Published by Cultural Corps of Korean Buddhism 71 Gyeonji–dong (56 Woojeongkuk–ro), Jongno–gu, Seoul, 110–170, South Korea Tel: +82. 2. 2031. 2000 E-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2012 Cultural Corps of Korean Buddhism. All rights reserved. Registeration No. 010110-08-2012-058 A dynastic capital city for a millennium, Gyeongju is a rich repository of history and has been designated as a World Heritage site by UNESCO. Explorers encounter remains still bearing the glory of the Silla Kingdom and are overwhelmed by the wide spectrum of architectural and spiritual achievements. The magnificent Bulguksa Temple, Seokguram Grotto, and the royal tombs represent the golden age of this mysterious kingdom. Let’s go and feel the living breath of ancient Korea in Gyeongju |3| Seokguram Grotto & Bulguksa Temple in Gyeongju, a 1,000-year lasted city of ancient mystery and majesty Gyeongju served as a dynastic capital for nearly a thousand years. Only a handful of cities in the world can make a similar claim, such as Kyoto in Japan and Rome in Italy. Established as the capital in BC 57 by Park Hyeokgeose, the founder of the Silla dynasty, Gyeongju did not relinquish its position as capital until the fall of the dynasty in 935. Gyeongju was the heart of the ancient Silla, which saw the flowering of the arts such as architecture, painting and crafts. Silla metalwork in particular produced some of the finest metal objects the world has ever seen. Silla sought international trade and cultural exchange and opened itself to influences from abroad. |4| The marks of ancient history are never far away in Gyeongju, ready to be discovered by explorers on foot or bicycle. You can find royal burial mounds dressed in green turf in the ancient city’s environs, and exquisite stone structures scattered all over the city bear testimony to Silla’s technical mastery of working in stone. The whole city is a ‘roofless museum,’ listed in the UNESCO World Heritage List as Gyeongju Historic Areas in December 2000 and elected as one of Korea’s top eight historical sites in 2011. The World Heritage designation attests to the exceptional significance the world ascribes to the remarkable concentration of sites and monuments in this area. |5| “ Gyeongju served as a dynastic capital nearly a thousand years. Only a handful of cities in the world can make a similar claim, such as Kyoto in Japan and Rome in Italy... ” Cheomseongdae Seated Stone Buddha of Samneung Three major components (or ‘belts’) make up the Gyeongju Historic Areas, in addition to the sites of the remains of Hwangnyongsa Temple, Bunhwangsa Temple, and the Myeonhwal Sanseong Fortress. Wolseong Belt lies across central Gyeongju; the main monuments are the palace site of Wolseong, the Gyerim woodland, the royal tomb of King Naemul, and the Cheomseongdae Observatory. Mount Namsan Belt is the area in and around the sacred mountain of Namsan. There are a large number of Buddhist buildings, sculptures, and other monuments. Tumuli Park Belt consists mainly of three groups of gigantic royal tombs, including the royal tomb of King Michu. Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple, the first UNESCO World Heritage sites in Gyeongju, are the two best-known symbols of Silla’s Buddhist cultural achievements in the region. Besides, there were nine Buddhist temples in Gyeongju which bore the seal of royal patronage, indicated by Chinese Character 皇 (read hwang, it means emperor) in their names. Bunhwangsa Temple and Hwangnyongsa Temple belong to this royal category. Myeonhwal Sanseong |6| Royal tomb of King Michu Bunhwangsa Construction of Hwangnyongsa Temple, famed for its brass Jangryukjonsang(Buddha statue, over six meters) and nine-story wooden pagoda, began in 553 and was completed in 645. According to legend, the site had originally been intended for a palace, but the appearance of a yellow dragon identifies the land for the construction of a temple. The temple burnt to the ground in 1238 during the Mongol invasion. Only the immense site remains, bearing sole witness to the glories of the past’s brilliant achievements. Established in 634 by Queen Seondeok, the first woman in Korea to hold the throne, Bunhwangsa Temple has maintained its heritage to this day, withstanding the trials of time and disasters of wars. The delicate perfume of the queen still lingers in the atmosphere, as its name indicates. The temple’s best known treasure is Mojeonseoktap (National Treasure No. 30), a pagoda constructed with brick-shaped stones. Mount Namsan, one of the five mountains sacred to Silla, forms a major axis in Gyeongju Historic Areas, and is brimming with a treasure trove of Buddhist relics. Standing guard over the east of Gyeongju is Mount Toham, which was also venerated by the people of Silla as a place for making offerings to heaven. Mount Toham was also called Mount Dongsan, literally meaning “East Mountain,” because of its location relative to Gyeongju. Seokguram Grotto and Bulguksa Temple are located on the south-eastern slope of Mount Toham. |7| Dabotap The realization of a Buddha-land in the mundane world was a long-cherished dream in Silla, and the people of Silla believed that their kingdom was itself the realm of the Buddha. Even the name, Bulguksa, literally means the Buddha-Land Temple. Bulguksa’s ground was partitioned and designed to represent the layout of celestial Buddhist abodes. Bulguksa Temple is an ambitious architectural work through which Silla expressed its vision of a Buddha-land. Bulguksa Temple is embellished with masterful stonework, such as the two stone pagodas of Dabotap and Seokgatap and the beautiful stone bridges of Cheongun and Baegun (Bridge of Blue Clouds/ Bridge of White Clouds). At the heart of Bulguksa Temple in its main courtyard are Dabotap and Seokgatap, whose contrast creates a sublime beauty. reliquaries enshrined within Dabotap disappeared when it was dismantled for repair in 1925 during Japanese rule. No record regarding the dismantlement of 1925 was left behind, and one of the four stone lions guarding the pagoda at each of its four corners was also lost at around the time of dismantlement and remains missing to this day. Paired with Dabotap, Seokgatap has simple, clean, and bold lines and a neat and restrained style. Designated as National Treasure 21, Seokgatap is a classic example of the stone pagoda of the Unified Silla period. Records show that Seokgatap was damaged by earthquake and restored twice in 1024 and 1038. The pagoda was heavily damaged by grave robbers in 1966 but in the course of repairing the damages, extraordinary Buddhist relics were found in the second level. Noteworthy relics include the Mugu jeonggwang dae darani-gyeong (Great Dharani Sutra of Immaculate and Pure Light, National Treasure No. 126), a paper scroll. Dated to the 8th century, this is the oldest extant sutra printed from carved wooden blocks in the world. Dabotap, designated as National Treasure No. 20, is a unique design of consummate execution and refined beauty, without peer in all of East Asia. Exquisite and intricate, subtle yet structurally balanced, Dabotap has an unusual style, based on ancient wooden pagodas, of which no example remains in Korea today. Sarira and sarira The tragic love story of the stone mason Asadal from Baekje and his wife Asanyeo has been passed down to the present generation. Legend has it that Asanyeo went to Silla looking for Asadal, who was dispatched to Silla to build Seokgatap three years previous. However, because craftsmen were forbidden to have contact with women until the Bulguksa Temple, an earthly Buddha-land in the mundane world, formed with deep filial piety |8| |9| “ The realization of a Buddha-land in the mundane world was a long-cherished dream in Silla, and the people of Silla believed that their kingdom was itself the realm of the Buddha. Even the name, Bulguksa, literally means the Buddha-Land Temple. Bridge of Blue Clouds and Bridge of White Clouds pagoda was completed, a monk told Ansanyeo to wait at a small lake near the temple whose surface would reflect the pagoda’s image when it was finished. After some time, despairing of ever being reunited with Asadal, Asanyeo committed suicide by throwing herself into the lake. Learning of her death only after Seokgatap was completed, Asadal carved the image of Asanyeo on a rock face near the lake and jumped into the lake, following his beloved wife. Asadal and Asanyeo’s poignant story gives Seokgatap its second name, Muyeongtap, “the pagoda with no reflection.” The four stone bridges of Bulguksa Temple are also masterpieces of Buddhist art. On the east side of the temple compound, Cheongun and Baegun (Bridge of Blue Clouds and Bridge of White Clouds) are designated as National Treasure No. 23, while on the west side Yeonhwa and Chilbo (Bridge of Lotus Flowers and Bridge of Seven Treasures) are National Treasure No. 22. ” Stupa The bridges of Bulguksa Temple are no ordinary bridges crossing a river or stream. Connecting the main Buddha hall, which is the realm of the Buddha, and the Jaha Gate, the entrance from the mundane world, Cheongun and Baegun look more like stairs than bridges. The seventeen steps of upper Cheongun and sixteen steps of lower Baegun make up a total of thirty-three steps, symbolizing the Heaven of 33 Celestials (Tushita Heaven), the abode of the Buddha. Yeonhwa and Chilbo connect the Paradise Hall with the Anyang Gate and are symbolically used by enlightened beings residing in the Buddhist paradise. Yeonhwa and Chilbo closely resemble their counterparts in the eastern portion of the temple, but are distinguished by the engravings of lotus flowers in relief and on a reduced scale, and consist of ten and eight steps each. All the wooden components of Bulguksa Temple were destroyed by fire in 1593 during the Japanese invasions of Korea. Bulguksa as we see it today is the result of a series of restorations done from 1805 on forty separate occasions. There are three different theories regarding when and by whom the temple was founded. The earliest date is in the 5th century when Master Ado, who introduced Buddhism to Silla for the first time, also built a temple. Another theory is that the temple was commissioned in 528 by King Beopheung to honor the wishes of his mother Madam Yeongje. The third possible founder is the Prime Minister Kim Daeseong, who carried out an order of King Gyeongduk in 751. According to the History of Bulkuksa Temple, the official records of the events that took place at the temple, it was founded by Master Ado (阿 道和尙) and then later restored and expanded by the Prime Minister Kim Daeseong. Lotus flowers in relief | 10 | | 11 | The grotto consists of a rectangular antechamber, a corridor, and a main rotunda. There are two octagonal stone pillars, one on either side of the entrance to the main rotunda, connected by a stone arch overhead. Added by the Japanese in the 1910s during the deconstruction and subsequent restoration, this arch blocks the nimbus and the upper part of the Buddha statue from view. The domed ceiling used an unprecedented and ingenious technique for its construction. More than 360 dressed stone slabs come together at another carved lotus flower consisting of twenty-eight stones at the top of the main hall, symbolizing the celestial sphere. The dome is divided into three sections, each of which consists of nine layers, in order to keep the quoin, the central building block at the top of a vault, firmly in place. In East Asian cosmology, nine is the ultimate number signifying perfection, while the number three represents heaven, earth and people. The main Buddha statue in Seokguram Grotto Seokguram Grotto, a temple of ancient mystery If you kneel down in front of the main Buddha statue in Seokguram Grotto and gaze upon his face, a large circular lotus flower set in the wall behind the main Buddha creates the illusion of a nimbus around the Buddha’s head. Shin Yeonghun, a master carpenter specializing in traditional Korean architecture who was involved in the repair of Seokguram in the 1960s, wrote in his book Seokguram, “Draw a line connecting the first two of the Eight Guardian Deities on either wall of the antechamber and stand right in the middle. Offer a prostration to the Buddha, rise, and gaze up at the face of the Buddha. Only then can one perceive the halo of light circling the Buddha.” The structure of Seokguram Grotto is so precisely aligned that even a slight change in the viewer’s angle was calculated to create a perfect spiritual experience. ⓒYang, Byung Joo www.zenphoto.kr Devas | 12 | Construction of Seokguram Grotto began in 751 by Prime Minister Kim Daeseong and was completed in 774. It is recorded that it was originally known as Seokbulsa Temple. It is built of white granite and features thirty-eight engravings of bodhisattvas, devas, the disciples of the Buddha, and Vajradhara and the guardian deities in relief on the main wall with the principal sculpture of the Buddha in the center. There were originally forty figures carved into the wall, but two are now missing. The Eight Guardian Deities are carved in relief on the walls of the rectangular antechamber, four on either side. Two Vajradhara figures stand on either side of the entrance to the corridor leading from the antechamber to the main rotunda. The Four Guardian Kings are carved in pairs on either side of the corridor. The floor of the antechamber is paved with broad stone slabs, which provide subtle illumination to the interior by reflecting light. The walls to the left and right of the entrance are covered with relief images of two devas, two bodhisattvas and the ten disciples. In the middle of the rounded wall behind the main Buddha, there is an exquisite wall carving of an eleven-faced Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva. The carvings of Buddhist figures depict the faces and garments in great detail, providing a realistic portrayal of the lives of Silla people. The grotto is sealed with a glass panel for conservation purpose. The half-closed eyes of the main Buddha gaze towards the East Sea. Subtle light illuminates the face of the Buddha, accentuating the gentleness and compassion of his expression. The main Sakyamuni Buddha figure is 3.26m high. The Seokguram Buddha, designated as the National Treasure No. 24, embodies an ideal beauty and is recognized as one of the finest examples of Buddhist sculpture in eastern Asia. Its layout is an organic blend of architecture, mathematics, geometry, physics, astronomy, religion, and art, and succeeds in unifying all these elements into a seamless whole. There was a small five-story marble stupa in front of the figure of Avalokitesvara, but it disappeared during the Japanese colonial period after the second Superintendent Sone Araske toured the site in 1909. The Japanese government has admitted that Sone removed the stupa, but its whereabouts are still unknown. ⓒYang, Byung Joo www.zenphoto.kr Disciples of the Buddha ⓒYang, Byung Joo www.zenphoto.kr Eleven-faced Avalokitesvara Bodhisattva | 13 | Bulguksa Daily Templestay This is it! This is what I wanted to show you! Sharing Korean Culture with Friends from Abroad Bulguksa Daily Templestay: A glimpse into the essence of Korean Buddhist Culture M y name is Jae-hong Kim, and I am a healthy, young, 32 year-old Korean man. Ever since I returned to Korea after studying abroad for a long time in the United States I have missed the friends that I met there. I wanted to give them an opportunity to experience Korean culture, just as I had experienced theirs while living in their country; at last I invited them to Korea. I thought over and over about what I should show them that would best represent traditional Korean culture. I finally decided on Gyeongju, as I thought that the capital city of the ancient Silla Kingdom would provide bountiful, ready access to a rich trove of traditional cultural resources. And voila, I was right! The Bulguksa daily templestay program was quite satisfactory and it proved that I had made the right decision. When Sam and Kristina Smith and I arrived in Gyeongju, we went right away to Bulguksa Temple. Bulguksa and Seokguram Grotto are the crowning symbols of Korean culture and both of them have been listed as World Heritage sites by UNESCO. The temple runs a daily templestay program for foreigner visitors, which offers basic activities that let one experience Korean Buddhist culture in a relatively concentrated way. Considering our short itinerary, it was the best option for us. We put on the temple vest and sat facing the monk. While he made tea for us, he broke the ice with stories about the temple. The monk handled the tea in a very delicate manner. Sam seemed especially impressed by the way he prepared the tea. The couple’s first impression of Korean Buddhism was that graceful. | 14 | | 15 | Daily Templestay Program 11:00 Arrival at temple & Orientation 12:00 Temple lunch 13:00 Temple etiquette 108 Prostrations to Awaken Ourselves 14:00 Rubbing Making lotus lanterns & Circling the pagoda 16:00 Temple tour & Visiting Seokguram Grotto | 16 | A thin stone tablet was then placed in front of us. All of us were wondering what it was for, but we soon saw that the tablet had a Buddha image carved on its surface. We were asked to rub the image using black ink, rice paper, and a wad of cotton covered with a cloth. First, we applied ink to the tablet and put a piece of rice paper on it. With the cotton cylinder we tapped the paper very carefully, following the image. Under our very hands a Buddha image slowly emerged in black ink. Amazing! The whole process was marvelous. The work was similar to making a print, though in this case the image was the Buddha. Watching the Buddha image as it was revealed on the white paper gave us a sense of awe. Even the typically jovial Sam focused on the task with a serious demeanor. Our next job was to make traditional lotus lanterns. When I entered the temple compound, the lanterns hanging all over the courtyard looked beautiful. I was kind of excited that I could have one that I had made myself. For the lanterns, Sam chose yellow rice paper, Christina preferred the lightpink rice paper, and I chose the fuchsia-colored rice paper. We began to paste the rice paper leaves around the round octagonal wire frame. After finishing the work, I was afraid that the seemingly-fragile paper might be easily torn, but the paper was so tightly attached that it made a clear sound even when tapped. Holding our finished lanterns, we circumambulated the pagoda, following the monk. While we were circling the Dabotap Pagoda, with its exquisite beauty, Christina’s eyes became moist with tears. She said that she didn’t know exactly why, but that she had suddenly felt very reverent. Overwhelmed by the solemn atmosphere, we followed the monk to the Buddha hall. Following his instructions we performed prostrations before the altar and then sat with our legs crossed, practicing sitting meditation. Because of the tight schedule – we were supposed to leave for Busan that afternoon – we had less than four hours at Bulguksa. We all wished we could have stayed longer. Daily templestay was an excellent program which enabled us to appreciate traditional Korean culture, regardless of our religion. Later Sam and Christina admitted that the moments they had taking their pictures at the pavilion on the bridge were the happiest part of their stay at the temple. They expressed their desire to take part in the templestay program again. This brought home to me that experiencing something for oneself is worth countless books on travel. Splendid! Two thumbs up for our traditional Buddhist culture! Bulguksa Templestay Telephone 054-746-0983 Website http://www.bulguksa.org | 17 | Visit to Gyeongju Attractions around Bulguksa Mount Namsan Gyeongju National Museum People began to widely revere Mount Namsan in the early 6th century when the mountain became known as the abode of the Buddha. Mount Namsan is home to many ancient ruins and archeological sites with 112 sites for shrines and temples, sixty-one pagodas and eighty Buddha statues excavated and listed so far. There are over a dozen relics found on Mount Namsan that qualify as National Treasures. The most famous of the hundreds of remains scattered around the mountare: Najeong, identified by legend as the birth place of Silla’s founder Park Hyeokgeose; Changrimsa, the site of Silla’s first royal palace; the Poseokjeong (abalone-shaped stone watercourse) garden site on the western slope; and the site of Cheongwansa Temple, where it is said that General Kim Yushin as a young cadet of the Hwarang (elite group of male youth in Silla) taught the lessons of filial piety and loyalty to the king. First founded in 1945 as the Gyeongju Branch of the National Museum of Korea, the museum hopes to be a welcome center and gateway for all visitors who come to Gyeongju to experience its rich historic and cultural heritage. The Museum grounds are divided into the Archaeology Hall, Art Hall, Anapji Hall, and Outdoor Exhibition area. The Museum hosts various special exhibitions, such as ‘See Korea’s Cultural History Through X-ray Photography’ and ‘Treasures of the Tang Dynasty,’ in addition to its permanent exhibitions. Its holdings are largely devoted to Silla-period relics such as gold crowns, earrings, Buddhist art work, glass cups, and jade and crystal objects. The museum showcases a total of 417 artifacts including the end-roof tile patterned with a smiling face, famously dubbed ‘the smile of Silla.’ If reservations are made in advance, photography or the rubbing of museum artifacts for reproduction is possible on Mondays when the Museum is closed. Telephone 054-741-7612 Website http://gyeongju.museum.go.kr Telephone 054-740-7500 G yeongju is one of the oldest cities in Korea, with less tints of modernization than any other city. Travelers feel like they are taking a journey back through time and witnessing historical scenes. Mountains around the city such as Tohamsan, Danseoksan and Namsan also cherish their own stories. With its plentiful historic sites, legendary places, and various natural attractions, Gyeongju is ready to be discovered by explorers. Why not embrace all the pleasures this majestic city has to offer? | 18 | | 19 | Silla Millennium Park Cheomseongdae Observatory Cheonmachong (Heavenly Horse Tomb) Munmu Daewangreung (Tomb of the Great King Munmu) Silla Millennium Park is a theme park integrating both education and entertainment that has successfully reconstructs the history and culture of the Silla period. The four major cities of the 8th century are reproduced: Constantinople, Baghdad, Huanqingchi, and Gyeongju as well. Other attractions include a stone ice storage house, Bimalgi pond, a foot spa, and the Jang Bogo Stage (named for a famous admiral of the Silla Dynasty). Houses in the Silla Village faithfully reproduce Silla buildings. A dynamic show on horseback is performed daily. Visitors can enjoy the outdoor set of the famous Korean drama “Queen Seondeok.” In addition, Lagung (meaning “the palace of Silla”) is located in the park, the first hotel in Korea to use traditional Korean architecture. First founded in 1945 as the Gyeongju Branch of the National Museum of Korea, the museum hopes to be a welcome center and gateway for all visitors who come to Gyeongju to experience its rich historic and cultural heritage. The Museum grounds are divided into the Archaeology Hall, Art Hall, Anapji Hall, and Outdoor Exhibition area. The Museum hosts various special exhibitions, such as ‘See Korea’s Cultural History Through X-ray Photography’ and ‘Treasures of the Tang Dynasty,’ in addition to its permanent exhibitions. Its holdings are largely devoted to Silla-period relics such as gold crowns, earrings, Buddhist art work, glass cups, and jade and crystal objects. The museum showcases a total of 417 artifacts including the end-roof tile patterned with a smiling face, famously dubbed ‘the smile of Silla.’ If reservations are made in advance, photography or the rubbing of museum artifacts for reproduction is possible on Mondays when the Museum is closed. One of the earlier tombs in the Royal Tomb Complex dated to the 6 century yielded a multi colored painting on birch bark of a winged horse. It is unknown which Silla king was interred in this tomb, but the treasures discovered in the tomb indicate it is a royal tomb. The name of the tomb derives from a famous painting of a white horse on a saddle flap. Winged divine horses are worshipped as the mounts for the Heavenly King. King Munmu resolved to become a dragon to ward off foreign invasions after his death and ordered the tomb built to stop foreign invaders. Son of King Muyeol, King Munmu defeated Baekje and Goguryeo and is considered to be the first ruler to see the Korean peninsula completely united. His son King Sinmun built the Gameunsa Temple and dedicated it to his father. Website http://www.smpark.co.kr Telephone 054-778-2000 Heavenly Horse Tomb is a small tumulus located to the left of the Tomb of King Michu in the Royal Tomb Complex, some distance away from the gate. It is the only tomb in Gyeongju whose interior chamber is open to public. The mound is cut in half and converted into a museum-like display showcasing burial goods including a gold crown, a gold girdle, jade comma-shaped beads and glass cups as well as the painting of the winged horse, which are designated as the National Treasures. Also called Daewangam (the Rock of the Great King), the Tomb of Great King Munmu is a small islet, virtually indistinguishable from natural rock formation. A waterway was built for the sea dragon to travel between the sea and land. It is covered with a flat undersea rock measuring 3.7m by 2.06m and placed on a south-north axis under which the remains of King Munmu are believed to be interred. Telephone +055-930-3756/7/8 Telephone 054-772-6317 Telephone 054-772-5134 | 20 | | 21 | Temple Food Seasonal Vegetable’s Secret Magic for Soothing the Summer Heat Noodle with stir fried eggplant Two Special Recipes Suggested by Ven. Seonjae Ingredients 2eggplants, 5 fresh shitake mushrooms, 6 button mushrooms, 2 Tbsp perilla oil, Noodle dough 1/2zucchini, 10 sesame leaves, 3 cups flour, 1 tsp salt Seasoning 4 Tbsp Korean chili paste, 2 Tbsp grain syrup, 1 tsp home-made soy sauce Preparation 1 Cut the eggplants length-wise and slice them into diagonal pieces. Slice fresh shitake and button mushrooms. 2Combine zucchini and sesame leaves in a blender and blend until smooth. Transfer to a bowl, and mix with flour and salt to make the noodle dough. Knead the noodle dough thoroughly. 3 Flatten and roll out the dough with a rolling pin and cut it into long, thin strips. 4Preheat and oil the pan with perilla oil. Sauté eggplants and mushrooms lightly. Season with Korean chili paste, grain syrup and soy sauce. W hat dishes are used at the temple to soothe the exhaustion brought on by the sultry summer weather? The secret of these delicious remedies lies in using fresh seasonal produce, which helps cool our system by removing excess heat and boosts the resilience of both mind and body to summer heat. The esteemed temple cuisine master Venerable Seonjae suggests noodles with stir-fried eggplant and cold japchae. | 22 | 5Cook the noodles in boiling water. Transfer to a bowl and add sautéed eggplants and mushrooms on top. | 23 | Samulnori shocked my soul. It led me to Korea and then, to Buddhism Cold Japchae Dharma Talk 1 Hendrikje Lange Ingredient 200gCellophane noodle, 5 dried shitake mushrooms, 3 cabbage leaves, 4 red cabbage leaves, 1/2cucumber, 1/3carrot, 1 bunch sesame leaves, 3 lettuce leaves, 1/2 red, yellow and orange bell pepper perilla oil, soy sauce Dressing 1pear, 2Tbsp soy sauce, 1/2 Tbsp salt, 1 Tbsp mustard, 2 Tbsp vinegar, sugar Preparation 1Soak the Cellophane noodles in cold water. Add the soaked noodles to boiling water and cook until soft. Rinse in cold water and drain. 2 Soak the dried shitake mushrooms until soft. Squeeze the excess water from the mushroom, slice them and season with soy sauce and perilla oil. Lightly stir-fry in the pan. 3 Thinly slice cabbage, red cabbage, cucumber, carrot, sesame leaves, lettuce and bell peppers. 4 Grate the pear. Combine with soy sauce, salt, vinegar, mustard and sugar (optional) to make the dressing. 5 Pile the Cellophane noodles in the middle of a large plate. Place the vegetables around the noodles decoratively, drizzle with dressing, and serve. | 24 | I t was love at first sight. When she first watched the performance of Kim Duck-soo’s Samulnori band in Switzerland, she says she felt shocked and that experience totally changed her life. This young Swiss girl, Hendrikje Lange flew to Korea and is now immersing herself in learning samulnori, the Korean traditional percussion quartet, at Korea National University of Arts. Her challenges with the art still continue; she made a performance on the stage of “Naebidueo (Let It Be) Concert” at Geumsansa Temple. On May 5th, Children’s Day, ‘Templestay met her and listened to her story. | 25 | Samulnori Samulnori is music played on the four basic Korean percussion instruments: the ggoenggwari (a small gong), the jing (a large gong), the janggo (an hourglass drum), and the buk (a barrel drum). Though derived from traditional Korean famers’ music, samulnori itself is a fairly recent phenomenon, having begun in 1978 with the establishment of the very first Samulnory band by Kim Duck-soo. It became popular and spread quickly as a new genre of music. This highly creative, exhilarating, joyful music is now performed on stages around the world. from Naver and Haegeum. Since Korean music has such deep emotion, I feel that it could be a very beautiful fusion with Swiss music. Please introduce yourself. What do you find interesting about Buddhism? My name is Hendrikje Lange. I came from Switzerland and now I live in Korea. I study at the Korea National University of Arts and am enrolled in the Master’s program for Korean traditional performing arts. For me in particular, what is interesting in Buddhism is how they think about life and how they think about destiny. What are life and destiny? That way of thinking is so different from the European way. The result is a more relaxed way of dealing with the difficult and sad things in life, because they see things in a much bigger context. Nowadays life makes more sense because it is connected with destiny and this is connected with other lives. As you are Swiss, how did you first come to know about Korea? What inspired you? I met Korean Samulnori for the first time in Switzerland in about 1996 when I saw a performance of the master Deok-Su Kim. When I saw that performance I was deeply impressed by the beauty and power of Korean traditional music, so I really wanted to learn this drumming art. This is how my love story with Korea began! What was your first impression of Samulnori? When I watched the performance of Deok-Su Kim’s Samulnori, I had the feeling of really big power, and at the same time it was very joyful. I also understood that this music has a very spiritual background. It was very beautiful to watch because they were singing and dancing at the same time, and the rhythms were really very interesting. | 26 | What are your feelings about the Templestay program? I really love following the monastic life, waking up 3:00 in the morning, going to the temple and doing all the prayers and the 108 prostrations. It really helps me to calm my mind down. I think the Templestay program is a very nice way to introduce Korean Buddhism to people who don’t know anything about it. They can get to know Korean Buddhism in a short time, have some first impressions, and then if they really like it, they can visit the temple again. | 27 | Dharma Talk 2 Buddhism is Helpful to Golfers Come and join Templestay while in Korea Y.E. Yang, 2009 PGA Championship Winner “ I was absolutely overwhelmed by its enormous size. It was so impressive that I wished to come nearer to appreciate it more closely. ” Do you plan to continue your studies in the future? When I studied Korean traditional music I learned many other aspects of Korean culture too. I also have become interested in Korean dance and in Korean folk songs. There are too many things to study more about. I hope that I can also learn not only the drumming but the singing, because I really love Korean folk songs. After finishing my studies I would like to go back to my country and then promote Korean traditional culture to European people. I would like to teach Samulnori and also, of course, I want to perform Samulnori, so the Swiss people can know about the beauty of Korean culture. O n 21st of April, world-famous professional golfer Yang Yong-eun (40•KB Financial Group) arrived at Silleuksa Temple in Yeoju to participate in a Templestay program with future golfers. As an ice-breaker,, at the beginning of the Templestay he answered questions about golf and himself in friendly way. He also gave a “one-point” golf lesson and demonstrated PGA stretching, acting as a one-day mentor for the young athletes. Below is an interview with him, in which he expresses his thoughts on Templestay. He is the Goodwill Ambassador for Templestay in honor of the program’s tenth anniversary. | 28 | | 29 | You are the Goodwill Ambassador for Templestay to celebrate its tenth anniversary. Now you are here for the program. What do you think of it? This is my first templestay. I slept at a temple, I attended the early morning service, and I also joined the monastic formal meal. I feel comfortable. Nothing is difficult . I slept well, my mind is full of good thoughts, and I’m relaxed. I am really happy to be here. It was a good choice. You have been with the young athletes. As a mentor, what do you want to say to them? Well, it is hard to say exactly; however, I hope this was good time for them. It was good for me too. I was touched to know that they all love golf. I hope many good things will happen for them after this. They are still young and need more practice. I want them to enjoy golf and practice it earnestly. If you do not like golf, you cannot do it for long and cannot improve. You should love it first. The more you love golf, the more you play. The more you play, the better you will do. I hope that they can keep this attitude through this program. I hope they play golf for love. You are a Buddhist. Is Buddhism helpful when you are in a competition? A lot. Sometimes I have a scattered mind or get lost. Then I pray to the Buddha or do meditation. It helps me a great deal. Since I have faith, I basically have a positive attitude toward everything. It’s like, this: ‘Ok, everything will be all right.,’ or ‘It will turn out well for me.’ I have the Buddha by my side. Those thoughts may look meaningless to others, but it really works for me in the competition. “ Sometimes I have a scattered mind or get lost. Then I pray to the Buddha or do meditation. | 30 | ” | 31 | Cartoon Happiness is right beside you... What are you looking for, Sir? I am looking for a four-leaf clover. I need some good luck. Do you know what a three-leaf clover stands for? What would you like to say about Templestay to foreign visitors? I’ll speak from my experience. You do not have to be overwhelmed or intimidated because it’s a temple. It’s more important to have time for self-reflection. I would like to proudly say that Templestay is a good opportunity to stay at a temple, putting your body and mind at ease and relaxing. I always recommend Templestay to my foreign friends. Human feelings are universal. If something is good for us, it can be good for others. One thing I want to tell everyone is that this program will be aof big help because it is something you do for yourself. It's Happiness. Happiness? Sir, don't miss what you already have while wasting time searching for luck. We heard that you strongly commended Templestay other golfers. You advised them to participate when they come to Korea. Why? Golf is, in fact, a psychologically and energy consuming sport. That’s why I suggested that they join this program when they have an opportunity. When the Buddha stayed at Jetavana, a deva approached him and asked. "Numerous gods and human beings want to be happy and are waiting for good fortune. I humbly beg you to show us what is the highest happiness." The Buddha said, "If you live in a right place, if you make a right vow, and if you do right things in truth, that is the highest happiness." | 32 | | 33 | The Emotion of Korea The Four Guardian Kings Ferocious Appearances Full of Emotions Damuncheonwang Jeungjangcheonwang Jigukcheonwang Gwangmokcheongwang (多聞天王, Vaisravana) (增長天王,Virudhaka) (持國天王, Dhrtarsastra) (廣目天王, Virupaksa) - Delight, North - Love, South - Joy, East - Anger, West Damun-cheonwang defends the northern quarter of Mt. Sumeru, which is considered. the entrance to the enlightened realm of the Buddha. Therefore, the northern protector is considered as the highest among the guardian kings. His name,appellation ‘Damun (多聞),’ meaning ‘hearing all the teachings,’ indicates that as protector of the Buddha’s residence he hears without exception all of the Buddha’s teachings. He is also called ‘king of the yaksa,’ or ‘king of the raksas,’ because of his control over these classes of celestial beingsm. He plays a lute, which embodies hisying sublime delight in hearing the precious teachings. He governs the winter season and his black face indicate that he guides sentient beings wandering in darkness. The south side Mt. Sumeru is under the protection of Jeungjangcheonwang. He grips a dragon in his right hand and a cintamani (wish-granting jewel) in his left. He is clad in armor and through his majestic power manifests the virtues necessary for sentient beings to be born. He command the army of hungry ghosts and kumbhanda, ghosts with a horse’s head on a human body who consume people’s life-energy. This god embodiess love. His season is summer. His face’s red color refers to the southern direction and also represents his ability to bring life to all creatures. Jiguk-cheonwang(持國天王) is a tutelary deity who, on the eastern side of Mt. Sumeru, guards the Dharma according to the Buddha’s command. He controls the forces of good and evil. He is said to have made the determination to protect his country and make his people comfortable. Because of this vow he is called ‘Jiguk-cheonwang(持國),’ meaning ‘to defend the nation.’ Holding a sword in his right hand, he rules over the musical deities called gandharva, who are said to live on scent alone and never consume meats or alcohols, and the foul-smelling ghosts called putana,. This joyful guardian king rules over spring. The blue color of his face, is also the symbol of the eastern direction and his simple rule: reward for virtuous people and punishment for those who are not. Western guardian Gwangmokcheongwang employs loud voice and eloquence to scatter evil phenomena. His title Gwangmok (廣目), meaning ‘wide eyed,’ comes from his wide-eyed ferocity, which overwhelms vicious beings. He made a vow to terrify evil-doers into remorse with his severe demeanor. He wears a red crown and body armor and hold a trident in his right hand and a pagoda in his left. He command dragons and beings called pisaca to defend the Dharma realm. Anger is the jurisdiction of this fierce god. His face is white, which represents his obligation to subdue evil people and arouse in their mind faith in the Buddha’s compassionate teachings. White is also the symbol of the western direction. Delight, Love, Joyfulness, Anger. When you use these new names for the four celestial warriors, they will come to be the guardians of your mind. A temple begins at Ilju-mun(一柱門, One-Pillar Gate). A few steps from the entrance, the strange and overwhelming statues of the Sacheonwang-mun (四天王門, the Four Guardians’ Gate) greet visitors. The four guardian kings are protectors of Buddhist teachings. They dwell in the heavens on each side of Mt. Sumeru, whichin Buddhist cosmology is thought to be the center of the world. The four guardians reside in their own heaven, safeguarding the Buddha, who resides in Tusita Heaven, located on the summit of the mountain. The four heavenly guardians are: Damuncheonwang (多聞天王, Vaisravana), a lute, defending the northern quarter Jeungjang-cheonwang (增長 天王,Virudhaka) accompanied by a dragon and a cintamani(wish-granting jewel), protecting the southern quarter Jiguk-cheonwang(持國天王, Dhrtarsastra) who holds a sword, safeguarding the eastern quarter and Gwangmok-cheongwang (廣目天王, Virupaksa) who holds a trident and a pagoda, defending the western quarter. The ferocious looks of these four guardians frighten people. The colors of their skin, which are red, blue, white and black, make them appear even more unearthly. However, do not shrink back and simply pass by them. Take a moment and feel the human emotions the four gods exhibit withiny their fearful images | 34 | | 35 | Where to Experience Templestay The temples are available in English Geumsunsa Myogaksa International Seon Center Woljeongsa Jeondeungsa Yongjoosa Bongeunsa Jikjisa Geumsansa Dongwhasa Golgulsa Haeinsa Seonunsa Beomeosa Mihwangsa Yakchunsa 16 Selected Temples for Foreigners Seoul Gyeonggi/Incheon Jeonbuk/Jeonnam Bongeunsa Temple +82-2-3218-4826 www.bongeunsa.org Jeondeungsa Temple +82-32-937-0152 www.jeondeungsa.org Geumsansa Temple +82-63-542-0048 www.geumsansa.org Geumsunsa Temple +82--2-395-9955 www.geumsunsa.org Yongjoosa Temple +82-31-235-6886 www.yongjoosa.or.kr Mihwangsa Temple +82-61-533-3521 www.mihwangsa.com Myogaksa Temple +82-2-763-3109 www.myogaksa.net Gyeongbuk/Gyeongnam Seonunsa Temple +82-63-561-1375 www.seonunsa.org Golgulsa Temple +82-54-775-1689 www.sunmudo.com Busan/Daegu Gangwon Haeinsa Temple +82-55-934-3110 www.haeinsa.or.kr Beomeosa Temple +82-51-508-5726 www.beomeo.kr Jeju Woljeongsa Temple +82-33-339-6606 www.woljeongsa.org Jikjisa Temple +82-54-436-6084 www.jikjisa.or.kr Donghwasa Temple +82-53-982-0223 www.donghwasa.net Yakchunsa Temple +82-64-738-5000 www.yakchunsa.org International Seon Center +82-2-2650-2242 www.seoncenter.or.kr | 36 | | 37 |