GIS -- Hanashima

Visualization of Spatiotemporal Information
for Historical Studies
PNC 2006
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima
Institute for Areal Studies, Foundation
Tokyo, Japan
Outline of Presentation
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Introduction
Brief Overview of Reki-Show Authoring System
Visualization of Spatiotemporal Information
Consideration to Interoperability
Conclusion
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Introduction : Project’s Overview
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nSince 2002, we have been developing an
advanced digital tool for spatiotemporal
database, Reki-Show Authoring Tool.
n Founded by MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports and Technology)
n Based in KEIO University, Tokyo
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Introduction : Purpose of System
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n To provide an interoperable research
environment for social science researchers
n To construct the framework of spatiotemporal
information database for social science
n To promote the data interoperability in e-culture
societies
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
The Concept of Reki-Show Data Model
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Reki - Show
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: date, calendar
: symbol, phenomenon
Spatiotemporal Descriptive Information
Aug. 17, 2006
Temporal Attribute
“When”
Spatial Attribute
“Where”
Description of Event
“Who did what”
“What became how”
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Tools for Spatiotemporal Research in
Social Science
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Spatial
Digital Earth
Google Earth?
Map
Static
Dynamic
Chronology,
Scroll
Time Machine?
Temporal
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
System’s Overview
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Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Overview of Reki-Show Database
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Reki-Show Authoring Tool
Historical
Description
Dataset
User
Data
(CSV)
CO-Set
Data
Utility
User
Definable
Dataset
CO-Set
Repository
(exported)
Interface
File
ilias
(SHAPE)
(GIS)
Biographical
Dataset
(imported)
Geospatial
Dictionary
Reki-Show Database
Aug. 17, 2006
CO-Set
Geospatial
Data
(map,image)
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Historical
Description
Dataset
User
Definable
Dataset
Biographical
Dataset
Geo-Spatial
Dictionary
inquiry / modify / create
The Basic Data Flow
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Data create
Utility
CO-Set
Editor
edit / modify
Data
CO-Set
Inquiry create
read
read
Crono-Matrix
Viwew
create
Interface
File
(SHAPE)
Aug. 17, 2006
Export
File
MAP
ILIAS
read
create
Geospatial
Data
(map,image)
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Crono-Object Set (CO-Set)
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n Crono-Object Set (CO-Set) is a logical data
structure of Reki-Show database.
n CO-Set is defined as a set of Crono-Object.
n Crono-Object is a basic class of Reki-Show data
model. It includes:
n Reki-Show data element
n Place data element
n Biographical data element
n Association of data elements (relationship)
n CO-Set mediates each module of Reki-Show
Authoring Tool.
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
CO-Set Editor
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n CO-Set Editor is a tool for browsing, authoring
and organizing of CO-Set.
Crono-Object
Relationship
Relationship
Property
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
The Concept of Crono-Matrix
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n Crono-Matrix is designed for a visualization of
Spatiotemporal Information.
n Crono-Matrix is a virtual 3D space.
The z-axis, depth of the screen, is assigned as
Time Dimension.
n Other two axes can be assigned as
Spatial Dimension or Attribute Dimension.
n User can put their own spatiotemporal
multidimensional data into Crono-Matrix, and
can visualize by using Crono-Matrix Viewer.
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Crono-Matrix Viewer
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n Crono-Matrix Viewer is a graphical user interface
(GUI) for Crono-Matrix.
Crono-Matrix
Data Manager
Control Panel
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Multidimensional Data Representation
Multidimensional View
Tim
e
Tim
e
Attribute
Latitude
Spatiotemporal View
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Longitude
Color of Object : Attribute
Aug. 17, 2006
Space
Color of Object : Attribute
Size of Object : Attribute
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Statistical Data Visualization
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n Cause Specified Death Statistics Database
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Statistical Data Visualization
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Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Non-parametric Data Visualization
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n Visualization of Peasant Riots “Ikki” in 18th~19th century
of Japan
n In the late of Edo-era(1840~1868), peasant riots occurred
frequently in every part of Japan.
n These riots can be categorized by the cause of them as follows:
n Market originated (unfair pricing, corner, etc.)
n Heavy tax
n Other reason
n Also they can be classified by the level of violence as follows:
n Direct Appeal (non violent)
n Direct Appeal (violent)
n Escape
n Riot
n Uprising
n Data source:
n Koji Aoki (1971):”The General Chronicle of Peasant Riot”, San-ichi Press, Japan
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Non-parametric Data Visualization
KYOHO Famine, 1732-35
TEN-MEI Famine, 1782-84
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TENPO Famine, 1832-38
Level of violence
WEST
EAST
Market originated
Heavy tax
Other reason
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Riots
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Non-parametric Data Visualization
KYOHO Famine, 1732-35
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TENPO Famine, 1832-38
Size of object indicates the level of violence
X-axis : longitude Y-axis : latitude
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Crono-Matrix
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nVisualization of Yukichi Fukuzawa’s Logbook
n Yukichi Fukuzawa(1935-1901) is one of
famous enlightenment person in 19th
century of Japan. He wrote a lot of books
for young people and translated various
western books. He also founded KEIO
University.
n Fukuzawa went a round trip to Europe in 1862 as a
translator of embassy. He wrote a detailed logbook of
the travel, “Seiko Nisshi”.
n This logbook is a good example of spatiotemporal
descriptive information.
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Crono-Matrix
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n Reki-Sow data in the database
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Crono-Matrix
Aug. 17, 2006
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Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Crono-Matrix
Aug. 17, 2006
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Makoto Hanashima, IAS
GIS Interface
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n Crono-Matrix Viewer is able to represent a
spatial information, however its resolution is not
enough for geospatial analysis.
n To complement the geospatial precision, the GIS
Interface Function is implemented.
n The function generates an interface file for GIS
from Crono-Matrix.
n The interface file is formatted as “SHAPE”
format that is the most popular file format for
GIS.
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of the GIS Interface
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Generated Layer
(SHAPE FILE)
Yukichi Fukuzawa’s Travel Log
Aug. 17, 2006
Display with Background Map
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of the GIS Interface
Aug. 17, 2006
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Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of GIS Interface (Statistical Data)
Aug. 17, 2006
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Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Data Interoperability Enhancement
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n Although Reki-Show Database has unique data
structure, it is not so difficult to convert CronoObject to a XML notation.
n According to the trend of Web society, it is a
useful solution that XML is compliant with RSS.
n To describe the geospatial information, GeoRSS
is an appropriate enhancement of standard RSS.
n Thus we are developing the Data Export / Import
Function to support a data interoperability. This
development is in progress.
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of Reki-Show Data in GeoRSS
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<rss xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/"
xmlns:taxo="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/taxonomy/"
xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss/"
xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss"
xmlns:geo="http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#"
xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" version="2.0">
<channel>
<title>Yukichi Fukuzawa's Travel Log</title>
<link>http://xxx/rekishowfeed/</link>
<description>Test Feed Reki-Show</description>
<item>
<title>Fukuzawa started on a voyage to Europe.</title>
<link>http://xxx/rekishowfeed/exam01.html</link>
<description>
Fukuzawa started on a voyage to Europe. He boarded from Shinagawa harbor.
</description>
<category>HISTORY</category>
<pubDate>Mon, 07 Aug 2006 13:28:54 GMT</pubDate>
<dc:date>1862-01-22</dc:date>
<geo:lat>35.64578</geo:lat>
<geo:long>139.74668</geo:long>
</item>
</channel>
</rss>
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of ACME GeoRSS Map
Aug. 17, 2006
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Makoto Hanashima, IAS
An Example of ACME GeoRSS Map
Aug. 17, 2006
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Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Data Interoperability Scheme
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Makoto Hanashima, IAS
The Issues in Data Interoperability
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n Geo-coding Issue:
n Most of geo-coding services in the Internet are using
English (or other western language).
n It is inconvenient for the societies that use nonwestern language, since researchers in those
countries have to translate all of place name into
English before they construct spatiotemporal
database.
n Thus, to promote the interoperability of
spatiotemporal information in non-western societies,
the geo-coding service that accepts native language
is highly required.
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
The Issues in Data Interoperability
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n Technical infrastructures for the data
interoperability seem to be ready for practical
application.
n However, to promote the data interoperability in
e-culture societies, the geo-coding service that
is able to encode place name in native language
is required.
n Building a multilingual geo-coding service by
PNC members should be helpful to resolve this
situation.
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Conclusion
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n Prospected contribution of Reki-Show Authoring Tools
for Social Science
n Intuitive visualization of spatiotemporal information
n Not precise but inspiring
n Easy to try and easy to modify
n Platform for Interoperable research environment
n Fast way for building sharable database
n Provides information infrastructure for e-Culture society
n Knowledge Navigation Tool for Social science
n Supports discovering relationships between historical facts
n Provides various aspects for spatiotemporal data
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS
Thank You.
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n Multilingual version of Reki-Show Authoring
Tool will be released on late of this year.
n If you are interested in the tool, please check our
Web site.
http://www.fcronos.gsec.keio.ac.jp/
n Reference
n georss.org : http://georss.org/
n geonames.org : http://www.geonames.org/
n W3C Semantic Web Interest Group :
http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/
n Kanzaki, M : RDF/OWL Nyumon, Morikita Shuppan, 2005
Aug. 17, 2006
Makoto Hanashima, IAS