3. Project_Description - Fisheries

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background
Major devastation was caused in the State of Tamilnadu as a result of the Indian
Ocean Tsunami disaster of December 2004. Physical infrastructure, natural
assets and social capital were swept away in many areas. In addition, there was
a significant damage to land, water bodies and coast lines. Fishing, being the
major resource for livelihood opportunity for coastal community in Tamilnadu was
also badly hit. One kind of damage that was observed is to the infrastructure of
fishing harbors having further impact on the livelihoods of fishing communities.
As a major step in revitalisation along the Tsunami impacted coast of Tamilnadu,
the Government of Tamilnadu (Department of Fisheries) has decided to
‘reconstruct and modernise’ the 2 fishing harbors at Pazhayar and Nagapattinam,
with modern facilities under World Bank Funded, Emergency Tsunami
Reconstruction Project (ETRP), and one among them is the present project on
Nagapattinam.
1.2
Need of the Project
The existing Fishing Harbour at Nagapattinam [Photographs of the existing FH in
Annexure] is shallow and devoid of adequate berthing and landing facilities. Also
there is a clearcut lacuna in the landside harbor facilities to handle the fish in
hygienic conditions as per International Standards. Moreover, this area is under
the control of the Nagapattinam Port and now the Port Authorities intend to use
this area for Port expansion programmes. So the fisherman will not be able to
use the existing harbor facilities including the Auction Hall. Thus, construction of
harbor facilities including Auction halls becomes a necessity. Thisproject
proposes a Model Fishing Harbour with all essentials to meet the fisherman
demands and maintain hygiene inside the harbor.
1.3
Scope and Objectives:
Environmental issues in Fishing Harbour construction and operation primarily
include: Dredged materials management, Air emissions, General waste
reception, Wastewater, Solid waste management, oil management, Noise and
Biota. The Scope of the present EIA-EMP exercise is to evaluate the beneficial
and/or the adverse effects of the proposed reconstruction and modernisation
activity of the Fishing Harbour on the surrounding environment. Besides fulfilling
the legal requirement for getting environmental clearance from statutory
authorities, the specific objectives of this EA report are as follows;
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To review the current status of the environmental quality of the project site
and its surroundings.
To assess the pollution that would occur during construction and operation
stages of the project and its impact on the surroundings.
To suggest an EMP including adequate pollution control methods.
To ensure the pollutant released, if any is within the limits prescribed by State
Pollution Control Board as well as Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB).
To minimize adverse environmental impact, if any.
To recommend a post-project monitoring programme to verify the anticipated
environmental effects and take corrective and preventive measures.
1.4
Report Structure
An introduction and need for the proposed project put forward by the Department
of Fisheries are provided in Chapter 1. A project description including the
Location details, Proposed Infrastructures and Project Cost are provided in
Chapter 2. Chapter 3 outlines the legislation, policy and regulations that are
relevant to the proposed project and the Baseline environment status is
described in Chapter 4. Chapter5 provides an assessment of the potential
impacts relating to the proposed project and mitigation measures. Chapter 6 lists
the social impacts and the project benefits and Chapter 7 provides asummary of
environmental management / mitigation measuresand Monitoring Plan.
Lastly, anAnnexureis providedincluding photographs, Signatures of Public
Consultation sessions, Statutory Clearances and meteorologicaldata .
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2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1
Location Details
2.1.1 Nagapattinam
Nagapattinam is a coastal city and a municipality in Nagapattinam District in the
Indian state of Tamil Nadu (Fig 1). This District lies on the shores of the Bay of
Bengal between Northern Latitude 10° 46’ degrees and 79° 51’ Eastern
Longitude and area of 2715.83 Square kilometers in its fold. The District capital,
Nagapattinam lies on the eastern coast, 350 kilometers down south from the
State capital 'Chennai' and 145 kilometers east, from Tiruchirappalli, a central
place of the state. The Coleroon River forms the northern boundary of the district,
whereas Arasalar, Tirumalairajanar, Vettar and Vennar Rivers drain into other
parts of the district. All these rivers are tributaries and branches of the River
Cauvery.The main occupation of Nagapattinam is fishing in the waters of Bay of
Bengal and selling them in the town's fish market.
Table 1. Fisherman population in Nagapattinam
Fishing Hamlets
Population
Samanathanpettai
1507
Nambiarnagar
4075
Nagai Aryanattu Street 2634
Keechankuppam
3758
Akkaraipettai
6601
Kallar
1022
Total
19597
Source:
1) Tamilnadu Marine Fisher folk Census (2000) – Fisheries Dept
2) Marine Fisheries Census (2005) – CMFRI
2.1.2 Nagapattinam Fishing Harbour [Existing]
The fishing harbour at Nagapattinam is currently meeting the berthing
requirement and also fish trade related activities of six fishing hamlets in the
district (Table 1). There are 3862 fishermen families with average family size of
5.07 persons per family. Akkaraipettai village has the largest number of families
which is 1256. Keechankuppam village records the largest family size of 5.3
followed by Akkaraipettai and Nambiarnagar villages.
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Figure 1.Nagapattinam location Map
NAGAPATTINAM
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Figure 2.Satellite Imagery of Nagapattinam Fishing harbour
There are 530 mechanized fishing boats of 15 mts size that operate in the
Nagapattinam FH .The total fish landings from this harbor is 18,600 MT. The
main fishing season is in the months of June and July and the moderate season
is in the months of Feburary and March. The other months of the year are
considered as off-season fishery. Trawlnets and Gillnets are the major fishing
gears operated in this harbour. However, a few of the fishing hamlets use
shoreseine (Nambiyarnagar) and longline for fishing operations. The entrance
channel for both Port and Fishing Harbour is common and is maintained by the
Port Department. The draft requirement for Port is nearly 7 m and that of fishing
boats is around 4m, it is sufficient for easy movement for the fishing boats in the
entrance channel.
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2.1.3 Nagapattinam Fishing Harbour [Proposed]
This proposed FH is located in the estuarine area of the Kaduviyarriver (Fig 2) in
Ward No 2, Block No 2 and Survey Nos: 281-288, 292, 28, 29& 1 of
Vadakkupoigainallur Village [Kaduvaiyar River side] and 24, 26, 29, 30, 35, 36,
1711 & 1712 of Nagapattinam Municipality [Uppanar River Side]. The proposed
FH is ~ 8.5 km away from Karaikal [Pondicherry State] Boundary (Fig 2). This
fishing harbour is connected by a new bridge with adequate headroom to enable
fishing boats to crossover to the upstream of kaduvaiyar river.The old ROB has
been already demolished (removed). The Port authorities have floated a tender
to clear the remaining structures of the foundation level of the old ROB. This
work will not hamper the Fishing Harbour (FH) construction in anyway, since the
FH is on the otherside of the bridge. The State Government has provided
housing to fishermen near the erstwhile Nagapattinam Fishing Jetty. The sewage
lines are connected to the Municipal sewage lines. As such these human
settlements would not have any interference in the proposed new fishing
harbour.
2.2
Proposed Harbour Elements
Nagapattinam FH has a greater potential to become a FH in the event of
multiday multi gear fishery becomes a reality. However, the present condition of
the harbour need be restructured to make it user and commodity friendly as well
as to handle unconventional fishes and huge quantities. Moreover, Nagapattinam
FH can be converted into a nodal FH to connect the north and south in terms of
handling marketing of huge volume of fresh fishes. Keeping in view the value
chain and the physical flow of fish, and in light of outcome of the fleet design
calculations, the following harbour structures are proposed as part of
modernisation of Nagapattinam FH (Fig 3a & 3b enclosed in the Annexure).
2.2.1 Proposed Waterside Structures/Activities :
The present FH is a shallow harbour without adequate draft for berthing, so to
facilitate easy boat movement inside the FH and provide adequate berthing
facilities for the fishing boats, the below said water side structures and dredging
are proposed.
Water side Structures
1. Diaphragm wall [Quay] (810 m), Out of which 530 m lies on the banks of
Kaduviyar river and 280 m on the Upannar river side,
2. Retaining wall (683 m ), of which 333m lies on the Kaduviyar river and ,
350 m on the Upannar river side,
3. Dredging (- 3.0 m depth; Quantity of dredging 4,03,645 m3)
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1. Diaphragm Wall [Quay]
The total quay length (810 M) provided in the Nagapattinam FH for landing,
outfitting, berthing and repair (Table 2) is arrived at based on the overall length of
vessels, their numbers, size, frequency and duration of fishing trips, rate of
unloading the fish catch, time required for docking and undocking, outfitting time,
berthing pattern, nature of boat repairs etc.
Table 2. Quay Lenghts
Quay
Length
(M)
Landing 60
Outfitting 248
Berthing 300
Repair
200
Total
808
2. Retaining Wall
Construction of retaining wall of 683m length is proposed in Nagapattinam fishing
harbor. As against 683 m, 333 m of retaining wall would come up on the
Kaduviyar river side and another 350 m of the retaining wall would come up on
the uppanar side. These are constructed to ensure tranquil conditions within the
harbor basin. This would enable the smooth entry and exit of fishing vessels,
apart from providing berthing facilities for fishing boats.
3. Dredging
A numerical modelusing SWAN and RMA 2was conducted to study the influence
of fresh water in flows on sediment transport within the kaduviyar river basin. The
analysis revealed that tidal currents in the main channel of the Kaduvaiyar River
need to be maintained at 0.35 m/s to maintain channel depth. The study also
found that very large flood events, such as what would occur during a cyclone,
can result in velocities high enough to flush the sediment from the area around
the fishing harbour (around 1 m/s). During such events, however, sediment
supply from upstream is likely to be higher than the rate at which sediment is
transported through the river.
The project, therefore, recommends capital dredging in 3 zones (Fig 3b)to the
tune of 4, 03,645.30 m3 to a depth of -3 m from the CD and the quantity that has
to be dredged has been arrived at using Simpsons rule. The dredged material
will be used for leveling (reclamation) of the landside construction sites (as
shown in Fig 3b in the Annexure).The equipment to be employed to carryout
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dredging is Cutter Suction Dredger having a capacity of dredging 250 m3/hour
and the fuel for the dredger is diesel.
Also, based on the sedimentation rate[calculated using model studies], it is
recommended to have annual maintenance dredging [estimated at 20,000 m3] of
the channel for Nagapattinam Fishing Harbour to sustain the Capital investment
now recommended under the project.The dredging / dumping area and volume
are detailed below:
Zone
Dredging
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Area m2
76269
27088
20865
Volume m3
246254
81282
76109
Total
1,24,222
403645
Dumping
Area m2
14266
133960
123666
55024
3,26,916
Volume m3
17832
167450
154582
68780
403645
2.2.2 Proposed Shoreside Harbour Elements
The general practice that is happening within the Nagapattinam Fishing Harbour
is that, as soon as a load of fish is harvested they are sorted out or graded
depending upon the species and the size and put in the ice boxes with a fish hold
capacity of 50-100 Kgs and sent to the fish hold onboard the fishing vessel. On
their arrival at the landing quay, these are carried manually in case of fishes
intended for domestic marketing. These are directly taken to the nearby auction
hall and after the auction, it is taken by the respective traders and passed on to
the retailer and eventually to the consumers. Those intended for export are
directly taken by the processors/exporters in insulated vans/trucks from the
landing quay to their respective processing plants without loss of time.Keeping in
view this physical flow of fish, the followingShoreside facilities within the Fishing
Harbour (FH) has been designed.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Shoreside Harbour Structures
Auction hall – 3nos
Net mending Shed - 2nos
Gear Locker Shed
Admin Building
UG Sump Fresh Water
UG Sump Saline Water
Gen Set Room
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8. Security Cabin
9. Toilets - 2 locations
10.Drainage Network
11.Solid Waste Management/Organic waste converter
12.Sewage Treatment Plant
13.Road & lightings
14.Compound Wall
15.Parking area
2.2.2.1
Fish Auction Hall
Three Auction halls are proposed in the present project – Two on Kaduvaiyar
River side and one on the Upanaar side. The hall will be provided with facilities
for cleaning, sorting/grading, weighing, auctioning, icing, packing and loading of
fish landed by boats. The size of the auction will be 12 x 8 m, in order to provide
adequate elbow space for the auctioneers to conduct their business. Central
drainage has also been provided with a slope of 1:30, for ensuring free flow of
waste water, and it is connected to the main drain outside the auction hall. The
auction hall will have the following cleaning schedule well exhibited through a
notice board:
a. Scrubbing the floor and cleaning with the sea water
b. Non-smelling detergent would be sprayed and scrubbed before washing
c. The floor would be again cleaned with a disinfectant like chlorine,
preferably using sprayer and the floor will be allowed to dry
2.2.2.2
Fishing Gear Locker Shed
The traditional fishermen do not have adequate facility to store the net in their
fishing crafts. They usually carry on their shoulders for storing them on houses.
In ordered to facilitate to storing of nets and gears within the fishing harbor a
Gear locker shed (20x10m) is provided.
2.2.2.3
Net Mending Shed
There is no provision for net mending shed in the existing FH, as on date. So two
new net mending shed (20x10m) is proposed along with pavement area (20 x 20
m) on both sides to cater to the needs of the proposed facilities.
2.2.2.4
Admin Building
In order to locate the office of the fishing harbor management and also provide
information to fishermen about resources, weather warnings etc,.it is essential to
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provide an administrative block with in the harbor complex. The project
recommends the construction of an administrative building with a total area of
570.51sq.m
2.2.2.5
Parking area
Any fishing harbor needs adequate parking slot to park the vehicles that come for
loading and unloading of ice and fishes. The project provides hard surfaces to
park the vehicles that come to the harbor (area: 2573sq.m)
2.2.2.6
Compound wall
In the light of stiff competition from the export market, the entire fishing harbor
area need be well protected from entries by strangers so that the entire premises
are maintained in a very hygienic condition. A compound around the fishing
harbor is also provided in this proposed project.The entry of stray animals (cattle,
dog etc.) in the harbor would be prevented by laying ‘Grids’ across the entry
gate. There will be one gate separately for individual’s entry [wicket gate] and
another bigger gate for entry of vehicles.
2.2.2.7
Internal Roads
Within the fishing harbor complex, internal concrete roads of sufficient width are
proposed. The internal roads, besides providing road connectivity with areas
reserved for various utilities; also demarcate the limit of utility areas. This is in
line with the international guidelines in maintaining hygiene standards for the
product handled within the fishing harbor premises. The road widths shown in the
harbor layout include pedestrian and vehicular traffic lanes cum service lanes
such as sewerage, drainage, fresh water supply, lighting etc.
2.2.2.8
Drainage and Sewage
Sewage, drainage and solid waste from fish auction hall loading area, packing
halls, processing plants etc., of the fishing harbor complex are to be properly
disinfected and treated for contaminants. Provisions are made in the form of
roadside bins, soak pits and sewage treatment plants. The water drains with
appropriate slopes on either side of the road are to be kept closed with pre-cast
slabs for maintenance and safety of pedestrian traffic.The drain consists of storm
water drains, which slope towards the land side, and end in percolation pits,
which recharge the ground water. The drains are designed taking in to account
maximum rainfall during the past 5years. The sewage generated is collected and
let into the STP [STP of 50 KLD on the Kaduviyar side and 10 KLD on Upanaar
side is proposed in this Project].
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Table 3: WATER BALANCE
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2.2.2.9
Power and Lighting
Night fish landings are very common in a harbor and hence provision of
appropriate power supply and lighting is absolutely necessary for the safety of
people. In most of these harbors for common lighting either high mast electrical
lighting or ordinary tube lights have been provided. The fisherman associations
which are responsible for their maintenance are unable to pay the electricity cost
and hence avoid using these lights. Hence, it is proposed to install solar powered
lights in all vital areas like wharf, auction hall and internal roads. In order to
maintain uninterrupted power supply, gensets of appropriate capacity are also
suggested to be installed to back the essential activities. Underground cable
laying is also recommended for the entire harbor premises.
2.2.2.10 Water Supply
The total water requirement for the Unit at Kaduvaiyar side is estimated to be 55
KLD (Table 3) of which 46 KLD is fresh water and 9 KLD of saline borewater. A
STP of 50 KLD is proposed to treat the waste water generated (37 KLD) from this
FH. The treated water will partly (6 KLD) be reused for wharf and auction hall
cleaning. The remaining water will be treated with RO plant (30 KLD capacity),
which will meet a part of the fresh water demand of the FH. The total water
requirement for the Unit at Upanaar side is estimated to be 11 KLD of which 8
KLD is fresh water and 3 KLD of saline borewater. A STP of 10 KLD is proposed
to treat the waste water generated (9 KLD) from this FH. The treated water will
be reused for personal hygiene, wharf and auction hall cleaning.
Existing water supply arrangement is from the nearby village called Oodacheri
and Sikkal, located just 18 and 7 kms away from Nagapattinam FH respectively
and supplied by Panchayat Board. The supply is sufficient to meet the fresh
water demand of the Nagapattinam FH.As the borewell is not a permissible
activity within the CRZ zone 1, to supply non-potable water, the project provides
for erecting a borewell away from the CRZ 1 Zone.
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Assumptions for Water Balance Calculation:
6 persons / mechanised boat
4 persons / FRP craft
10 L freshwater / person / day for vessel supply
10 L freshwater / person / day for Drinking and Hygeine
10 L fresh water / Box for fish box cleaning
10 L saline water / m2 of floor area for wharf and auction hall cleaning
15 % of the total fresh water and saline bore water are taken as others
Only 50% of fishing boats go for fishing at a time and the process takes turn on
rotation basis keeping in view of the fishery resources and their catch potential of the
region.
Most of the dwellings of fishermen are located within the vicinity of the respective FHs
and hence water usage is very much restricted apart from fish cleaning and washing the
The effluent from the fish auctioning, Wharf and toilet will be sent to a sewage treatment
plant (STP) and then RO Plant and the outlet will cater part of the fresh water demand
of the FH.
2.2.2.11 Toilets
In order to maintain a high sanitation level, open defecation within the harbor
premises are to be strictly avoided. In the present project it is proposed to have
toilets in two locations- one on Kaduviayar side and the other on uppanar side. In
both the locations it is proposed to have separate toilets for both men and
women (Men - Toilet 4, Bath 2 and Urinal 4 & for Women – Toilet 4 and Bath 2).
2.2.2.12 Security Room
Entry and exit in a fishing harbor need be regulated and monitored constantly. It
is, therefore, recommended that a security room at the entrance of the fishery
harbor with appropriate communication aids especially telephone and wireless
handsets.
2.2.2.13 Supply of Fuel
It is suggested that from the existing bunk covered pipelines and high volume
quick dispensing pipes can be laid to the outfitting Wharf. The Project includes
the cost for this item.
All the harbour elements proposed in this project are permitted activities within
the CRZ 1 zone. No cold storage facility, ice plant canteen and fish drying yard
are proposed in this project. The above proposed harbour elements are to be
constructed in 4 packages at a cost of Rs34.31Crores as mentioned below
[Table 4]:
.
a
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Table 4. Project Cost Estimate
Sl No
Amount in
Lakhs
Package
J
Packase- 3,A.(RetainingWall, DiaphramWall)
Package- 3 B (RetainingWall, DiaphramWall & Land side
Facilities
Packaee-3C(Dredeine)
4
Pqackage- 3 D (Landside facilities)
1
2
Total Amount
ttt5.72
730.64
639.26
t078.7V
3564.39
or
Ra35.65
Crores