HTS Triax™ Energy Cable Systems

Transcription

HTS Cables and Accessories
A
New Way
To Energ
ize
Ultera® – helping to create the breakthrough
for HTS technology
The potential of HTS technology is immense.
In order to assist the HTS technology to
between the two companies is taken into
It is not just that energy suppliers no longer
achieve its commercial break-through and
account, Ultera® now has ten years of practi-
lose unnecessary energy during transmission
transform it as quickly as possible into
cal experience in the daily provision of HTS
across their extensive networks. Motors, ge-
effective long-term solutions, nkt cables
cables for energy supply in Europe and North
nerators and transformers with HTS conduc-
and America’s biggest cable manufacturer
tors are also much smaller, and achieve the
Southwire Company established the Ultera
America. Together they represent the three
®
most successful installations worldwide with
same output at much lower energy consump- joint venture in 2002. Just like nkt cables,
HTS cables, thus opening the door wide to a
tion. For business the use of HTS technology
Southwire is also an innovator and pioneer in
new way to energize.
will mean long-term savings worth billions.
the field of superconductor technology.
For people it is the future purely and simply.
If the actual length of the cooperation
®
High-temperature superconductor tech-
world’s leading companies in the design,
50,000 households and companies benefited.
nology (HTS) is the key technology for
manufacture and marketing of low, medium
In future it will be millions.
tomorrow’s electricity market. Compared
and high-voltage cables and accessories. In
with copper conductors, HTS ceramic cables
addition, with its workforce of 3000 employ-
have a number of significant advantages. For
ees this European high-tech corporation has
example they can conduct electric current
been making history in energy technology for
without resistance at app. 200°C below
more than 130 years now. No wonder then
zero. Transmission capacity is five times
that nkt cables has also led the market in
higher than that of conduc-tors made of
researching and producing superconductive
copper, while current loss is reduced to one
cables from the very beginning. As early as
tenth. The development of HTS cables is
2001 the first superconductive cable was
in-separably linked to the name nkt cables.
put into operation in a public power supply
However, nkt cables is not just one of the
network in Copenhagen. At the time a total of
HTS Cables with BSCCO tapes, copper stabiliser, Cryoflex® dielectric, semiflexible cryostat
Product Scope
HTS cables can be configured in several ways using the same materials and production processes. The most efficient and high-performing
configuration for the medium-voltage (MV) up to 72 kV is the HTS Triax™ design. nkt cables also has experience in coaxial single-phase
cables which are suitable for higher voltages. The HTS cable conductors can also be supplied with a conventional warm PE insulation.
nkt cables continually develops the voltage rating and the performance within the product scope described in the following table. nkt cables
offers cable conductors made from the 1st generation Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3OX superconductors, while also working on integrating the new 2nd generation superconductors based on Y(RE)Ba2Cu3OX materials into these cable designs.“
Property/Um/kV
2
NT
NE
PE-insulated, single phase
X
Coaxial, single phase
X
Triax, three phase
X
X
Specialty conductors
X
(X)
LV
10
15
X
X
D
X
36
72.5
150
X
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
NT: No Thermal Load, NE: No EMF, LV: Low Voltage specialty conductors, X: available, D: under development
Construction Code
HT
B
C
CR
S
WM
2Y
Codes
CR:
HT:
HTS triaxial cable design
B:
BSCCO-type HTS conductor laminated S:
with a metal sheath
C:
Construction code: HT-BC-CRS(WM)2Y
Copper wire or tape screen
Construction code with
(WM): Corrugated “wellmantel” semiflexible
Added copper stabiliser
for over-current protection
Cryoflex® electrical insulation
2Y:
rigid thermal insulation: HT-BC-CRS(RL)2Y
thermal insulation
Construction code with YBCO-type
polyethylene outer sheath
HTS conductor: HT-YC-CRS(WM)2Y
Type HT-BC-CRS(WM)2Y 7.6/13.2 kV
Dimensions/Ampacity, 3x
kA
1.25
2.00
2.5
3.0
3.4
Conductor, BSCCO laminated, hollow ID
mm
25
29
35
1
1
Copper stabiliser, cross section
mm2
0
0
55
60
60
Cryoflex® insulation
mm
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
Screen, copper tape, cross section
mm2
80
80
110
120
120
Outer cable core diameter
mm
5
9
62
68
68
Weight, HTS cable core, 3 phases
Cable core
kg/m
3.5
.8
5.5
6.5
7
Permissible pulling force
kN
10
15
20
20
20
Bending radius during laying/at terminations (min)
m
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
Semi-right corrugated duct, ID/OD
mm
60/110
60/110
8/13
8/13
8/13
PE outer sheath thickness
mm
2
2
3
3
3
11
11
150
150
150
160
Thermal insulation
Total OD
Termination OD
mm
12
12
160
160
kN
10
10
15
15
15
m
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
Heat leak, duct section
W/m
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.5
Heat leak, joints
W/ea.
10
10
15
15
15
Electrical data
Conductor DC resistance at Pnom
µOhm/m
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
Conductor AC loss at Pnom *(Toperation 67 K to 79 K)
W/m/ph
0.2-0.3
0.3-0.6
0.3-0.9
0.-1.2
0.5-1.5
AC loss power factor, n
P=k*ln
3
3
3
3
3
Capacitance, eqv. phase-to-ground
µF/km
3.3
3.7
.6
5.2
5.2
Inductance, eqv. single phase
mH/km
0.026
0.02
0.019
0.017
0.017
MVA
29/57
6/91
57/11
69/137
78/155
Power rating (continuous load) at 13,2 kV
1 circuit/2 circuits
*Conductor AC loss at Pnom depends on operation temperature, 67-79 K
3
Type HC-BC-CRS(WM)2Y 21/36 kV
kA
1.25
2.00
2.5
3.0
3.4
mm
mm2
25
29
35
41
41
40
40
55
60
60
mm
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
mm2
120
120
120
120
120
mm
57
61
67
73
73
7.5
Cable core
kg/m
4
5.2
6
7
kN
10
15
20
20
20
m
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
Semi-rigid corrugated duct, ID/OD
mm
84/143
84/143
84/143
98/163
98/163
mm
3
3
3
3
3
150
150
150
170
170
180
Thermal insulation
Total OD
Termination OD
mm
160
160
160
180
kN
15
15
15
20
20
m
3/1.5
3/1.5
3/1.5
4/2
4/2
W/m
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.7
1.7
Heat leak, joints
W/ea.
10
10
15
15
15
Electrical data
µOhm/m
<10
<10
<10
<10
<10
Conductor AC loss at Pnom*(Toperation 67 K to 79 K)
W/m/ph
0.2-0.3
0.3-0.6
0.3-0.9
0.4-1.2
0.5-1.5
P=k*ln
3
3
3
3
3
µF/km
2.2
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.0
mH/km
0.032
0.029
0.025
0.022
0.022
MVA
65/130
104/208
130/260
156/312
177/354
3.0
3.4
Power rating (continuous load) at 30 kV
*Conductor AC loss at Pnom depends on operation temperature, 67-79 K
Type HT-BC-CRS(WM)2Y 42/72 kV HTS Triax™ Energy Cable
kA
1.25
2.00
2.5
mm
25
29
35
41
41
mm2
40
40
55
60
60
Cable Core
mm
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
4,7
mm2
120
120
120
120
120
81
mm
65
69
75
81
kg/m
4.5
5.8
6.5
7.5
8
kN
10
15
20
20
20
Bending radius during laying/at termination (min)
m
3/1,5
3/1,5
3/1,5
3/1,5
3/1,5
Semi-rigid corrugated duct, ID/OD
mm
84/143
84/143
84/143
98/163
98/163
mm
3
3
3
3
3
150
150
150
170
170
180
Thermal Insulation
Total OD
Termination OD
mm
160
160
160
180
kN
15
15
15
20
20
Bending radius during laying/at termination (min)
m
3/1,5
3/1,5
3/1,5
4/2
4/2
W/m
1,5
1,5
1,5
1,7
1,7
Heat leak, joints
W/ea.
10
10
15
15
15
Electrical Data
µOhm/m
<1
<1
<1
<1
<1
Conductor AC loss at Pnom
W/m/ph
0.3
0.6
0.9
1.2
1.5
P=k*ln
3
3
3
3
3
µF/km
1,6
1,7
2,0
2,2
2,2
mH/km
0,039
0,036
0,031
0,028
0,028
MVA
108/217
173/346
217/433
260/520
294/589
Power Rating (continuous load) at 50 kV
Accessories
Contents
Joints
5
Terminations
5
Cooling System
6
Monitoring System
7
High-current Switchgear
7
Product Scope
nkt cables sells and installs the HTS Terminations and joints. We can also specify and source the cooling system as well as the monitoring
system.
Joints
A 15 kV HTS Triax™ joint is 3 m long with an
outer diameter of 31 cm. It contains the joints
of all three phases and a common screen.
15 kV
Triax Joint
Terminations
A 15 kV HTS Triax™ termination is 3.9 m
long. The main body is installed at a height
that gives the appropriate safety distance to
the top bolts. The picture shows an outdoor
version of the termination. nkt cables will
convert this termionation to an indoor version
on customer request.
15 kV
Triax Terminations
5
Cooling System
The following cooling solutions have been
The cooling power can be divided between
improves the energy efficiency of the cable
developed with Praxair Inc. The reliability
one or several cooling stations. The emer-
systems but requires supply- and service-
of the cable cooling system is guaranteed
gency backup features are located in the
points at several locations along the line.
through the following three features:
terminal cooling stations. The line cooling
stations are compact units of active coolers
The matrix of coolers consists of N+1
Redundant cooling machines in a
that can be placed at intermediate locations
or N+2 closed-cycle, low-maintenance coo-
matrix of coolers
along the line. The distance between cooling
ling units. Cooling solutions can be develo-
Eight hours of backup in a
stations depends on the available cross sec-
ped together with major cryogenics system
suppliers to fit individual user requirements.
cold storage tank
tion for pumping the cooling fluid. Distances
Continuous 2/7 advanced surveillance
of 2-6 km are possible for compact sys-
by a cooler operations center
tems. Closer spacing of the cooling stations
Terminal Cooling Station
Line Cooling Station
Line Cooling Station
6
Monitoring System
These data are treated and analyzed automa-
The HTS Triax™ Energy Cable is monitored
tically. The cable system operator is supplied
disconnect w/o customer
2 h per day, 7 days a week by an advanced
with one of four simple status commands:
interruption
surveillance system. The surveillance system
collects data on temperature, pressure and
3 – “Red”:
0 – zero:
flow of the cooling medium, the temperatures
of the terminations and joints load and the
2 – “Yellow”: Malfunction – Manually
The cable system is under
Automatic disconnect with
service – Do not energize
customer interruption
1 – “Green”: The cable system is ready
operastional status of the cooling machinery
Urgent malfunction –
The service provider can perform remote dia-
to operate
gnostics through an advanced monitoring sys-
and back-up systems.
tem with complete access to all system sensors.
High-current Switchgear
nkt cables can facilitate contacts to switchgear suppliers. The following are examples of commercially available switchgear products
from various suppliers (2007).
Examples
Type
Model
Ventilation
Rated voltage
kV
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Indoor
Indoor
Indoor
Indoor
Indoor
Outdoor
Outdoor
Outdoor
HVX
VAH
VAH
VD
HD
PMI
SPS2
PMI
passive
passive
active
active
passive
passive
passive
passive
15
17.5
17.5
12*
2
72
15**
15***
Rated current, max.
A
3000
000
8000
000
3600
3000
000
000
Short-circuit, max.
kA
0/50
50
50
63
0
0
31/0
0/63
BIL
kV
95
95
95
125
350
110
650
making time
ms
5
90
90
7
breaking time
ms
2
5
5
60
60
58
5
*available in 12, 1.5, 36 and 0.5 kV models
**available in 15, 25,38, 8and 78 kV models
***available in 121, 15 and 170 kV models
7
Installation and Protection
Making it easy …
Step™ Installation, where the cable core can
With nkt cables’ HTS Two-Step™ Installation
The HTS Triax™ Energy Cables are well-
be installed separately from the thermally
approach, the cable joints can be spaced up
suited for installation in high-density city
insulating tube. This gives higher flexibility
to 2 km apart and there is only one joint per
areas where disturbances to traffic and
and quicker response to the requirements of
three-phase cable. Any open trenches can be
infrastructure need to be kept to a minimum.
each installation site, and above all, it reduces re-closed even before the cable installation
nkt cables has developed an innovative
the number of cable joints.
new installation procedure, the HTS Two-
starts, and the access-holes need to stay
open for only a minimum amount of time.
HTS Two-Step™ Installation
Prelude
Step one
placed in the spacings between cryostat sec-
In the prelude to the installation procedure,
In the first installation step, the thermally
tions (Fig. 2). As soon as the cable is in place,
the trench is excavated, PE ducts are instal-
insulating tube (the “Cryostat”) is provided
the cryostat sections are joined together,
led, and concrete or other suitable protection
in lengths of 100-700 m. Shorter sections
and the access holes can be closed. Cable
is installed. The trench is then re-closed
are joined together as they are pulled into
over-length is introduced through a patented
with rock, sand or soil. There are no special
the PE duct, for distances of 500-700 m at
procedure so that the thermal shrinkage can
requirements on the thermal properties of
a time (Fig.1). The cryostats are provided as
be accommodated. The work outside of the
the refill, since the HTS Triax™ Energy Cable
flexible or rigid sections, depending on the
station areas is now complete and there are
does not release heat into the trench.
curvature of the cable route. Spacings are
no further disturbances in the public space.
left between successive cryostats.
Culmination
In the case of a retrofit into an existing duct,
the old cables are removed through access
Step two
The HTS Triax™ Energy Cable system is
holes located at the old cable joints. The old
The HTS Triax™ cable core is provided in
completed by terminating the cable in the sta-
cable is sent for recycling, while the duct is
lengths up to 2 km. It is inserted at one end
tion areas, and by connecting and starting the
cleaned and lubricated.
of the trench, and pulled through several cry-
cooling system.
ostat sections, with the help of cable pushers
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
8
Thermal Monitoring and Damage Detection
A smaller parallel duct is installed near the
To sum it up: Making use of nkt cables’
of early system studies to evaluate the best
cryostat. Optical fibres are pulled into the
expertise and engineering assistance already
cable solutions. Making use of nkt cables’ ex-
duct and used for distributed temperature
in the design stage, is the first step for
pertise and engineering assistance already in
sensing. Any damage to, or degradation in
smooth realization of the project.
the design stage is the first step for a smooth
realization of your project.
the cryostat will show up as a temperature
signal at the location of the damage.
Engeneering assistance
Optionally, some of the fibres can be used for
nkt cables can provide advanced enginee-
communication. Fibres for thermal monitoring
ring services already in the early planning
can be provided as external skid wires in the
stage of a project. Our engineers can provide
case of a retrofit into an existing duct where
electrical data, thermal simulations and
no parallel duct is available.
proposed cable-system layouts as a part
Service Contracts
Service contracts are offered where the task
of maintaining the cable installations in good
condition is transferred to the shoulders of
nkt cables. With this offer it is ensured that
skilled personnel takes care of the superconducting cables. Regular checks of the conditions and, if necessary, initiation of remedial
action at an early stage guarantee the value
of the assets.
9
Testing
Testing of cables and accessories com-
Type tests and long-term tests have been
prises routine and special tests performed
made on components and also for qualifica-
in the factory as well as tests on site after
tion of complete cable systems. Newly devel-
completion of the installation. These tests
oped cables and accessories are subjected
are performed in compliance with customer
to tests in the field lasting several years and
requirements and various national and inter-
comprising electrical and thermal stressing
national standards like IEC, EN, VDE, NF, BS,
far beyond of what can be expected during
NEN, AEIC and others.
normal operation.
Research & Development & Innovation
We know how
nkt cables’ laboratory researches in and
A complete recycling concept
for all recyclable cable types
develops environmentally sustainable plastic
By virtue of 0 years of experience within cable Please contact us to learn how you can best
materials for cables and leads and also
recycling, we are the only European cable
handles quality control of raw materials and
manufacturer with a complete recycling con-
finished goods. The HV laboratories perform
cept for all recyclable cable types. We recycle
Quality from beginning to end
electrical tests on the cables.
cable waste at our environmentally approved
Quality from beginning to end is an essential
recycling plant in Stenlille. Our plant in Stenlille
part of nkt cables’ manufacturing philosophy.
nkt cables’ technicians are internationally
is among the first 100 Danish companies with
recognized for their specialized knowledge in
DS/EN ISO 1001 certification.
compound development. nkt cables was the
act in the best interest of the environment.
dispose of your cable waste.
This is ensured by a combination of certified
quality control throughout the production
first company in the world to introduce lead-
We take our environmental responsibility
process and the use of raw material from
free PVC cables in which the poisonous lead
seriously, for which reason environmental
approved sub-suppliers only. This places
stabilizers had been replaced by the relatively considerations play an important role in all
nkt cables in a fine position in international
harmless calcium and zinc stabilizers. The
departments of our company, irrespective of
competition and secures flexibility to adapt
idea was so good that the Danish Minister for
it being a question of product development,
rapidly to changing market requirements.
Environment and Energy prohibited marke-
production or working processes or removal
ting cables with leaded PVC after December
of worn-out products.
1, 2001. Research plays an important role
in all parts of nkt cables. Recently, NKT
nkt cables is of course certified according to
ISO 9001.
For us it is not only a question of considering
Research, nkt cables’ sister company, carried the environment when recycling and recover-
10
Of course we also assist our customers to
out revolutionary research in materials tech-
ing cable waste. Environmental considerations
nology. This research enabled nkt cables to
are also decisive in our selection of materials
begin the production of fibre optical cables
and suppliers as well as in the planning of
as early as in 1980 and to put the world’s
production processes. In this way we minimize
first superconducting HV cable in a public
the environmental impact related to the pro-
network in 2001.
duct life cycle: production - use - removal.
Quality Assurance and Environmental Responsibility
11
nkt cables GmbH
Schanzenstraße 6 – 20
D-51063 Cologne (Germany)
Phone +49 (0)2 21- 6 76-0
Fax
+49 (0)2 21- 6 76-26 46
[email protected]
www.nktcables.com
Direct contact for your region:
Central Europe
Carsten Wolff
Phone +49 (0)2 21- 6 76 -20 31
[email protected]
Representation offices
Belgium: +32 / 476 981 429
Netherlands: +31 / 646095035
France: +33 / 616 12 15 44
nkt cables Spain S. L.
Edifici Testa
Alcalde Barnils 64-68
escal B, 3º piso, local 3
Sant Cugat del Valles
E-08174 Barcelona, Spain
Phone:+34 / 93 59 07 017
Fax: +34 / 93 67 50 528
[email protected]
Scandinavia and UK
Brian Scott
Phone +45 / 5966 1213
[email protected]
International
Hans Damm Jensen
Phone +49 (0)2 21- 6 76 -20 76
[email protected]
Representation offices
Moscow: +7 (495) 7774858
UAE: +971 2 4493550
12
nkt 00.29.1.0. 2.2000 11.08 K.F.C. siebel
Representation office
GB: +44 / 78340 569 28

HTS Triax™ Energy Cable Systems

Transcription

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