Conservation Study in PDF format

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Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study
world heritage project
1
Istanbul Project
UNESCO-WHC
Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Architecture and
ITU Urban and Environmental Planning and Research Center
Contract No: 700.624.0
PROJECT LEADER
Nuran ZEREN GULERSOY, Prof., dipl.arch-urban
planner, Istanbul Technical University (ITU)
Istanbul Project
NATIONAL EXPERTS
Zeynep AHUNBAY, President of ICOMOS Turkey
Tulin Selmin OZDURAN, Representative of Ministry of
Culture and Tourism, Turkey
Cases of
Zeyrek
Suleymaniye
Yenikapi
INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS
Minja YANG, Deputy Director, UNESCO World Heritage
Centre, Former Manager for EU-Funded Feasibility
Study on the Rehabilitation of Fatih District, Istanbul
(1998)
Yves DAUGE, Senator of Indre et Loire, Mayor of
Chinon, France
David MICHELMORE, Building Conservationist, Chair of
ICOMOS Wood Committee, UK, Project Manager of EUFunded Project on the Rehabilitation of Fatih District of
Historic Peninsula of Istanbul (starting in January
2003)
By Nuran ZEREN GULERSOY
(Project Leader)
Azime TEZER
Reyhan YIGITER
Kerem KORAMAZ
Zeynep GUNAY
STUDY GROUP
Azime TEZER, Assist.Prof., urban planner, ITU
Reyhan YIGITER, Assist.Prof., urban planner, ITU
Kerem KORAMAZ, Res.Assist., urban planner, ITU
Zeynep GUNAY, Res.Assist., urban planner, ITU
Buket ONEM, dipl.arch-urban planner, ITU
Kerem Yavuz ARSLANLI, urban planner, ITU
Taskisla – 114
34437 Taksim / Istanbul (Turkey)
Tel: (+90) 212 249 28 34
Fax: (+90) 212 251 78 31
e-mail: [email protected]
web: http://atlas.cc.itu.edu.tr/~csuygar
İstanbul Technical University, Faculty of Architecture
Urban and Environmental Planning and Research Center
Istanbul Project: Istanbul Historic Peninsula Conservation Study
by Nuran Zeren Gulersoy, (Project Leader)
Azime Tezer, Reyhan Yigiter, Kerem Koramaz, Zeynep Gunay
summary of entry
2
MAIN FRAMES OF THE STUDY
Examples of Listed Monumental Architecture
Cultural heritage is living evidence of past that shapes future. There are two fundamental issues
being discussed throughout Europe. One of these is the documentation of unique European
Cultural Heritage and the other is the concept of conservation changing towards an
understanding of revitalization which brings the issue of regaining economic value of cultural
assets with the determination of spatial interventions required for use and reuse considering the
socio-economic relations. These specific issues bring the question of documentation and
integrated conservation planning approaches to provide continuity in heritage.
Turkey has an important portion of cultural heritage reserve throughout centuries, that Istanbul is as
sure the most important. Though, there still exist some fundamental issues in Turkish conservation
system that must be considered. To summarize, these issues are lack of strategic approaches to
enhance the socio-economic role of urban heritage and to consider conservation policies within
planning process; insufficient tools and financial resources; and inconsistency of belief in the use and
necessity of conservation. Istanbul Project leads in this manner an integrated approach of
conservation with a comprehensive documentary in World Heritage Sites.
Istanbul Project
Molla Zeyrek Mosque
Suleymaniye
Mosque
Church of
Surp Tartios
Patihiminos
Yenikapi
AIM OF THE STUDY
Cases of
The aim of the study is to formulate general planning determinants and to propose the conservation
strategies that maintain the appropriate and contemporary development of the social and
physical/environmental fabric of the chosen areas of Istanbul Historic Peninsula, namely Zeyrek,
Suleymaniye and Yenikapi while preserving their historical, archaeological, natural, architectural
and functional values.
Zeyrek
Suleymaniye
Yenikapi
METHOD OF THE STUDY
The study contains four volumes. The first volume presents a brief summary of the
conservation approach to cultural assets in Turkey. The other three volumes contain detailed
physical and social survey, evaluation and conservation proposals of the case studies. The
cases are three of the scarce historic districts where the original settlement pattern have been
preserved. Zeyrek and Suleymaniye all bearing importance from historical, aesthetic and
architectural perspectives, are such that those areas have been included in the List of World
Heritage Sites in 1985, but today, they are unfortunately under the threat to be included in List of
World Heritage in Danger because of lack of effective and continuous conservation attempts by
competent institutions.
Each Case Study contains a brief definition of the area and its history; goals and objectives of the
conservation and development activity. It also includes physical analysis as related to transportation,
land use and building use, building condition, storey height, construction material, land ownership,
building occupancy, building compatibility with the physical structure of the area, and listed
buildings. In addition, the study comprises social studies aimed at displaying the demographic, social
and cultural aspects of the residents of the listed and non-listed buildings in the area. The evaluation
of the study in dimensions of fieldwork and conservation and planning decisions related to land use
and buildings, transportation and urban fabric, listed and non-listed properties and socio-cultural
development considering the goal and objectives. Each case is complemented with implementation
financial management framework.
Zeyrekhane
Madrasa of Kirmasti
Suleymaniye
By Nuran ZEREN GULERSOY
(Project Leader)
Examples of Listed Civil Architecture
Azime TEZER
Reyhan YIGITER
Kerem KORAMAZ
Zeynep GUNAY
Zeyrek
Suleymaniye
Yenikapi
Street Views
ARGUMENTS AND FINDINGS OF THE STUDY
Istanbul Project is an outstanding example for conservation of cultural assets in Turkey. At the heart,
there is an integrated approach to urban conservation and historic revitalization combining a
number of actions that address environmental, social and economic concerns facing world heritage
sites of universal concern. The need to balance physical, social and economic elements and to assure
implementation and financial strategy are new attempts for the Historic Peninsula, also for Turkey of
building common basis within the content of European Union membership. Secondly, it provides a
comprehensive documentary of cultural assets including three-dimensional evaluation. Finally, it
brings concrete evidence that Turkey is attempting to be active in conservation of World Cultural
Heritage, at the time to be excluded from the List.
It is hoped that Istanbul Project will be a successful example, a guideline for future conservation
projects to be developed in Turkey.
Zeyrek
Suleymaniye
Yenikapi
introduction to world heritage project
3
Methodology for
Istanbul Project
Historic Peninsula of Istanbul has always been the focal point of the Greater City of
Istanbul containing city’s principal historical, architectural and archeological sites.
Historic Areas of Peninsula, including Zeyrek and Suleymaniye, were included in List of
World Heritage in 1985 to promote those significant surroundings.
By 2000s, this outstanding area is being threatened to be excluded from the List by
UNESCO experts, because of the lack of effective and continuous conservation attempts by
competent institutions.
However, the conservation of urban fabric of Zeyrek, Suleymaniye and Yenikapi for future
generations represents not only national but also universal responsibility.
Istanbul Project leads in this manner, an outstanding example for conservation of cultural
assets in Turkey of;
•
a world heritage project,
•
a comprehensive documentary of cultural assets,
•
an integrated conservation and development approach.
A brief summary of conservation
approach to cultural assets in
Turkey and Historic Peninsula.
Brief Definition
Brief Definition
A brief account of the chosen site
and its history
Development of Goal and
Development of Goal and
Objectives
Objectives
Appropriate
and
contemporary
goals and objectives for modern
urbanization,
transportation,
townscape
and
landscaping
imperatives are developed while
taking into account the prospects
for conservation and development.
Survey and Analysis
Survey and Analysis
The Aim:
The Methodology:
To
formulate
general
planning
determinants and to propose the
conservation strategies that maintain
the appropriate and contemporary
development
of
the
social
and
physical/environmental fabric of the
chosen
areas,
namely
Zeyrek,
Suleymaniye
and
Yenikapi,
while
preserving
their
historical,
archaeological, natural, architectural
and functional values.
The study contains four volumes.
General Assessment of
General Assessment of
Conservation Approach in
Conservation Approach in
Turkey
Turkey
First volume presents a brief summary
of the conservation approach to
cultural assets in Turkey.
Other three volumes contain detailed
physical and social survey, evaluation,
conservation and planning decisions of
the case studies; Zeyrek, Suleymaniye
and Yenikapi.
Each Case Study contains:
•
a brief definition of the chosen site.
•
a set of goals and objectives.
•
detailed survey and analysis.
•
evaluation of survey and analysis.
•
conservation
decisions.
•
implementation
and
management framework.
and
planning
financial
Physical
analysis
related
to
transportation, land and building
use, building conditions, storey
heights, construction materials,
land
ownership,
building
occupancy, building compatibility,
listed lots and buildings.
Social studies aimed at displaying
the
demographic,
social
and
cultural aspects of the residents.
Evaluation of Survey and
Evaluation of Survey and
Analysis
Analysis
Physical and social data gathered
from area is reviewed according to
goal
and
objectives
and
functionality in accordance with
total urban fabric is evaluated.
Development of Conservation
Development of Conservation
and Planning Decisions
and Planning Decisions
Planning decisions related to land
use and buildings, transportation
and urban fabric, listed and nonlisted properties and socio-cultural
development considering the goal
and objectives
Identification of
Identification of
Implementation and Financial
Implementation and Financial
Management Model
Management Model
Source: World Heritage Center
world heritage historic
areas of istanbul
Located on the Bosphorus Peninsula
between Balkans and Anatolia, the Black
Sea and Marmara, Istanbul has been
associated with major political, religious
and artistic events for more than two
thousand years.
•
Represents a masterpiece of human
creative genious.
•
Exhibits an important interchange of
human values.
•
Bears
a
unique
or
exceptional
testimony to a cultural tradition.
•
Outstanding examples of buildings
illustrates signigicant stages of human
history.
a world heritage project
4
Zeyrek, Suleymaniye and Yenikapi are three of the historic districts of Istanbul
Historic Peninsula, where the original settlement pattern have been preserved.
In Zeyrek, attempts are presently directed towards upgrading the surroundings of the
Pantokrator with the intention of raising public awareness for the preservation of the area
and attracting the attention of investors or sponsors.
In Suleymaniye, Greater Municipality has initiated work towards developing a rehabilitation
project that will in the long run help the area to attain its old and respectable status.
Yenikapi has never attracted the public attention as Zeyrek or Suleymaniye did in the sense
of protection. However, Greater Municipality of Istanbul included Yenikapi in the content of
Historic Area Revitalisation Projects in 2001.
zeyrek
Zeyrek is situated on the fourth hill of
Historic Peninsula. One of the most
significant
example
of
Byzantion
Architecture,
Pantokrator
Monastery
founded by Empress Eirene in the 12th
century, and timber houses of Ottoman
Architecture gives the unique identity to
Zeyrek. Included in WHL in 1985.
Conservation Planning Area: 11.33 hectar
Population: 6000
suleymaniye
Suleymaniye is situated on the third hill of
Historic Peninsula.
One of the finest
examples of Islamic Architecture built by
Architect Sinan between 1550-1557 is
Suleymaniye Mosque. Included in WHL in
1985.
Population: 9217
YENIKAPI
Yenikapi is located at south shores of
Historic Peninsula. Until 1960s, successed
in conserving its unique architectural
characteristics. Church of Surp Tartios
Partihiminios is the only monumental
structure in the area. After the construction
of Kennedy Street through the sea shore,
has changed both physically and socially.
Population: 1400
a world heritage project
To formulate general planning determinations that maintain the appropriate and contemporary
development of the environmental fabric of Urban Sites and that support economic
regeneration while preserving its historical and architectural and functional values; and to
improve detailed development plans beyond these decisions.
5
PLANNING GOAL
PLANNING OBJECTIVES
• To emphasize the functional role in relation to the integration with other neighboring residential, labor,
recreational areas, Historic Peninsula and the city center of Istanbul.
• To utilize new functions while changing the character of existing unsuitable socio-economic functions to
provide continuity in economic progress while preserving the historic urban pattern.
• To create new distribution network for existing services while integrating them with new achievements.
• To provide functionally sufficient and efficient places for both inhabitants and visitors, while improving
living standards.
• To arrange the pedestrian routes and vehicle transportation network sufficiently for the needs of the
existing and proposed activities.
• To connect sites of various activities having importance with a hierarchy of pedestrianization, parking
lots and bus stops.
• To provide parking lots for residents and for long or short period visitors.
• To raise public awareness on conservation of cultural heritage by providing an education milieu.
• To enhance the understanding of conservation study to provide development in social structure.
• To emphasize the conservation, planning and implementation process with full participation of
inhabitants.
• To promote an environmental network that puts emphasis on the influential role in the urban fabric of
natural, historic, monumental and civil architectural values.
• To improve the architectural quality by preserving, repairing, upgrading, demolishing unfitting structures
and harmonizing them with the character and scale of the site consistent with contemporary architecture.
• To generate new housing opportunities to constitute new social structure in the sense of conservation.
• To prevent historic urban pattern and infrastructure to be ruined and to eliminate insufficiencies.
• To provide optimal conditions by climate control both indoors and outdoors.
• To provide optimum lighting conditions indoors and outdoors using natural and artificial light.
• To ensure the cleanliness of the environment by reconsidering garbage collection, and by placing
garbage bins and containers at suitable locations.
• To utilize the resources of the country, organizations charged with implementation, volunteers and
those of the local people to ensure optimum cost/quality ratios at every stage of planning.
• To assist in finding financial resources in the process of implementation.
• To provide economic inputs to manage continuity in urban heritage to live.
• The creation of new distribution network for services by supporting interventions and encouragements
to raise the density of activities that provide new job opportunities.
Functional Qualification
Optimal Communications
Social and Cultural
Integration
A Positive Environment for
the Architectural and Urban
Quality
A Positive Environment
Depends on Conditions of
Health and Comfort
Optimum Cost and
Economic Support
Zeyrek
Suleymaniye
Yenikapi
goal and objectives
Appropriate and contemporary goals and
objectives
for
modern
urbanization,
transportation, townscape and landscaping
imperatives are developed in the second
stage of the study, while taking into
account the prospects for conservation and
development.
• To find flexible solutions to provide opportunity to change and further development in time and space.
Flexibility and Applicability
a comprehensive documentary
Zeyrek
6
Condition of the Building
Occupancy of the Buildings
Construction Material
Zeyrek is one of the historical settlement areas in the city of Istanbul that has an urban fabric being worthy
of preservation. However, most of the listed buildings are deteriorated and in bad physical condition. Under
the pressures of other functions spreading through out the area, the dominant residential function is being
transformed to commercial, office and hotel functions. The Manifaturacılar Bazaar (shop district selling
fabrics) is another impact of this transformation.
Use of Land and Building
Ground Floor
ZEYREK
survey and analysis
Zeyrek Conservation Area boundaries were
first determined in 1974 and ratified by
General Statute in 1987.
A total of 469 buildings are surveyed in the
study, that 51% of them are listed. 86% of
the listed buildings, are defined as civil
architecture. Molla Zeyrek Mosque is one of
the most important monumental structures
in the region, and the most symbolic of it.
Land Ownership
Harmony With the Architectural
Character
Overlapping Existing Situation to 1933
J. Pervititch Cadastral Map
Listed Structures
Zeyrek
7
SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN ZEYREK
Changes in social structure and the lack of interest in conservation studies create more deterioration
within the general framework of the Zeyrek district. As well as restoration of listed buildings, the
precautions to enhance environmental quality are vital. Effective conservation and integrated
conservation approaches are necessary to enhance the environs and to create better income
opportunities for the people living in the area by re-functioning regulations along with residential
use. These regulations are essential for creating alive historical environments.
The social structure of the area changed completely after the 1950’s. This change has been
reflected in the spatial structure, too. Prior users’ve been moved outwards and immigrants from
Eastern and South-Eastern Anatolia settled in the area. Migrant families are mainly in the lowincome level. The lack of interest in conservation and lack of feeling of possession accelerate the
deterioration of timber buildings. Multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings were built after the
demolition of traditional ones resulting in a lack of harmony with the traditional urban texture.
Demographic Structure
Most of the families are extended families of more than 5 people in Zeyrek. This stems from the
increasing immigration rates from economically undeveloped settlements of Southeast or East
Anatolia regions.
Social Life in Zeyrek
Zeyrek has not much commercial potential that it is more of a housing district. The major population
of residents in the planning area are housewives and self-employees.
The number of fathers with no income is high in Zeyrek. A higher percentage of fathers earn
between 62-124 USD in Zeyrek concentrating on marginal sector.
Building-User Relationship
Most of the families are tenants in the district. There is a small portion of families living in the
building free of charge. Almost half of the residents have lived in that residence for a period of less
than 5 years. The continuous immigration from economically undeveloped regions of Turkey creates
a dynamic mobile population profile.
ZEYREK
social structure analysis
Street Life in Zeyrek
Social structure analysis covers the
demographic and socio-economic aspects of
the inhabitants of the planning area, as well
as their interactions with their environment
and their expectations, their approach to
urban conservation and the historical
environment.
Social Communication Interaction Levels
52% of the inhabitants surveyed in the study have relatives in the same district. This is a general
issue in historic areas used as primary migration nodes.
There are nearly no common places for neighbourhood gatherings in Zeyrek, neither green areas.
Newly opened cafes as Zeyrekhane are inefficient in serving inhabitants.
User’s Opinions About Urban Conservation
Playground in Zeyrek
It was determined that a small portion of residents, especially tenants, has a true understanding of
conservation area for Zeyrek. However, the residents’ thoughts are in the direction of the
preservation of listed buildings to beautify the district. The willingness to participate in neighborhood
beautification efforts with their neighbors is 64%, giving the evidence for active public for future
conservation efforts.
Information was gathered from households
in both listed and non-listed buildings. One
hundred questionnaires were prepared with
50 applied to each of listed and non-listed
buildings.
Zeyrek
an integrated conservation approach
8
In Zeyrek, the efforts
are directed towards the
elimination of land uses
not in accordance with
the traditional urban
fabric of the area and
the replacement of these
land uses with more
harmonious functions as
it was envisaged in the
upper-level plans.
Evaluation
Type of Proposed Action
Planning decisions are
considered related to:
Development Plan
•
population
density
•
transportation
•
land
use
and
building functions
•
conservation
listed property
•
non-listed buildings
ZEYREK
evaluation and planning
decisions
and
This stage of the Study comprises of
comprehensive conservation approaches
within the planning strategies help to
provide the revitalisation of the district with
respect to traditional urban character.
of
Planning Decisions
Zeyrek
9
Three Dimensional Evaluation of Historic Townscape in Zeyrek
Visual Quality in Fazilet
Street
Townscape Analysis of Visual Quality
Townscape Analysis of
Accessibility
Townscape Analysis of Accessibility
ZEYREK
urban design project
Visual potential in urban historic quarter to
regain authentic architectural and urban
characteristics is evaluated in this stage.
In the survey and townscape analysis of
Zeyrek urban historic quarter, threedimensional data is used. Each townscape
parameter framed on conceptual evaluation
of urban space is considered on the model.
Harmony with the
Architectural Character in
Fazılet Street
Urban Design Project
Harmony with the Architectural Character
Zeyrek
10
Existing Uses of Zeyrek
Proposed Uses of Zeyrek
EXISTING
ZEYREK
The 1/500 scale Urban Design Project is
developed in the surrounding of Molla Zeyrek
Mosque. This area forms the heart of the
district, with the streets of city blocks that
are open to the Mosque.
PROPOSED
Molla Zeyrek Mosque and Zeyrekhane
Zeyrekhane
Facade of Fazilet Street
Suleymaniye
11
Occupancy of the Buildings
Suleymaniye is an important node for historical townscape of Istanbul. Monumental buildings constitute an
important defining role of the historic area. Though, there seen an important decay in the listed timber
structures. It is Istanbul’s one of the most important distribution node of goods and services.
Manufaturacılar Bazaar on Atatürk Boulevard has an important impact on the development of commercial
and manufactural facilities and on the type of residents, with the replacement of previous housing units by
warehouses or manufactural units. The university has much effect on shaping the functional reuse of the
listed structures.
Ground Floor
SULEYMANIYE
survey and analysis
Suleymaniye Conservation Area boundaries
were first declared in 1977 and ratified in
1987. According to survey analysis, 405 of
total 1557 buildings in the area are listedbuildings.
Suleymaniye
Mosque,
Kalenderhane and Vefa Mosque are
significant
examples
for
monumental
buildings of which constitute 15.3% of the
listed-buildings.
Land Ownership
Harmony with the Architectural
Character
Historic Monuments (Muller Map)
Listed Structures
Suleymaniye
12
SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN SULEYMANIYE
The site was a place where the rich and elegant society of Ottoman administrative class were living
in 17th century, unfortunately, in the 20th century, the structures were left to worker immigrants
and their families from eastern regions of Turkey in order to be used for housing, manufacture or
wholesale ateliers with the industrialization and development competition of Istanbul metropolis.
This situation brings new discussions of gentrification in the case that the original social layout has
changed competely as in Suleymaniye.
The existence of Istanbul University in the core of the planning area gives an important impact on
social restructuring. The student population brings new socio-economic functions and creates a
socially active environment indirectly. This potential cannot be ignored when considering
development in socio-cultural dimensions.
Most of the families are extended families of more than 5 or 7 people. This stems from the
increasing immigration rates from economically undeveloped settlements of Southeast or East
Anatolia regions. 42.1% of the mothers and 43.9% of the fathers in the region were born in cities of
South-East Anatolia, generally from Adıyaman or Mardin. Bachelor dwellings which house 8 to 10
men in one room are one of the most important problems Suleymaniye faces.
Social Life in Suleymaniye
Suleymaniye is a center where most of Istanbul’s European side’s distribution of goods is supplied,
therefore, it houses the basic young labour force in its content. The inhabitants mostly work in the
manufacture and commercial sector and in marginal jobs.
The number of fathers with no income is rather higher in Suleymaniye compared to Zeyrek and
Yenikapi. Majority of the fathers earn between 124-186 USD a month.
Most of the families are tenants. There is a small portion of families living in the building free of
charge. The continuous immigration from economically undeveloped regions of Turkey creates a
dynamic mobile population profile. Thus, almost half of the residents have lived in their residences
for a period of less than 5 years.
Street Life in Suleymaniye
Social structure analysis includes the
demographic and socio-economic aspects of
the inhabitants of the planning area, as well
as their interactions with the environment,
their expectations and their perspectives in
defining urban conservation and historical
environment.
There are a number of common places for neighbourhood gatherings in Suleymaniye, because of its
functional role as a tourism, religious and education.
It was determined that a small portion of residents has a true understanding of conservation area for
Suleymaniye. The residents’ thoughts are in the direction of the replacement of the listed house with
a modern, multi-storey building beautifies the district.
SULEYMANIYE
Traditional Wedding Ceremony
Information was gathered from 100
households equally shared in between both
listed and non-listed buildings.
Suleymaniye
13
5 Block No
496
Lot No
16
Building No
5
Construction Mtrl.
Timber
Exis ting Situation
Proposal
Storey Height
3
3
Use
Residential
Residential
Ow nership
Private Partners
Building Condition
Ruined
Harmony
Harmonious
Listing Status
Listed
Action type
Restoration
6 Block No
496
Lot No
11
Building No
6
Exis ting Situation
Construction Mtrl.
timber
Storey Height
Proposal
3
3
Use
Residential
Residential
Ow nership
Private Individual
Building Condition
Avarage Condition
Harmony
Harmonious
Listing Status
Listed
Action type
Restoration
7 Block No
494
Lot No
10
Building No
7
Existing Situation
Construction Mtrl.
Storey Height
Use
2
Residential
Residential
Private Individual
Bad Condition
Harmony
Harmonious
Listing Status
Listed
Action type
Restoration
8 Block No
496
Lot No
24-25
Building No
8-9
Construction Mtrl.
Concrete
Exis ting Situation
Storey Height
Use
Proposal
3
3
Residential
Residential
Ow nership
Private Partners
Building Condition
Very Good Condition
Harmony
Harmonious
Listing Status
Not Listed
Action type
Proposal
Timber
2
Ow nership
Building Condition
Listed
Existing Building
Example of the Evaluation List
The efforts are directed
towards the prevention
of the economic role of
Suleymaniye as a
distribution node of
goods to eliminate the
landuse not in
accordance with the
traditional urban fabric
of the area and the
replacement of these
land uses with more
harmonious functions.
Evaluation
SULEYMANIYE
decisions
Development Plan
•
urban fabric and
transportation
•
land use and building
functions
•
conservation of listed
property
•
•
socio-cultural
development
comprehensive conservation approaches
within the planning strategies help to
provide the revitalisation of the district with
respect to traditional urban character.
Planning Decisions
Suleymaniye
14
Historic quarter on the
south of Suleymaniye
Mosque is considered
as a pilot area to
develop the 1/1000
scale urban design
project.
This zone is chosen for
preserving the
traditional architectural
character and urban
fabric of Suleymaniye
Urban Historic Site.
SULEYMANIYE
While verifying
proposals for building
forms, structural
additions on listed
buildings are firstly
removed. Infill
applications on
building forms are
designed according to
original structural
conditions and story
height of buildings.
Within this step of the study, proposals for
listed structures, land and building uses,
transportation system and open urban
spaces are figured out in a design scheme
with three dimensional interventions for
listed buildings.
Interventions for Listed Buildings
Yenikapi
15
Occupancy of the Building
Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi is a typical historic urban quarter of old Istanbul with its masonry and timber
civil architecture and its cultural inheritance. It has always been a residential area. However, the
increasing density of manufactural sector, warehouses, car repairing activities has been damaging the
residential character of the traditional physical and social layout of Yali Mahallesi recently. Such
developments on main boulevards create job opportunities for residents, but does not effect the
economical development of Yali Mahallesi as a whole. However, it still manages in preserving its urban
fabric with original architectural character.
Ground Floor
YENIKAPI
survey and analysis
The boundary for the Yenikapi Conservation
Area is determined to cover the historic core
of Yali Mahallesi. There is only one
monumental building in the area, which is
Church of Surp Tartios Partihiminios. The
church is still in use, and surrounded by newly
built disharmonious structures that hide the
monumental character.
Being
an
intersection
node
of
main
transportation modes of Anatolian and
European sides of Istanbul brings a significant
impact on the area for future.
Land Ownership
Harmony with the Architectural
Character
Pervititch Map
Listed Structures
Yenikapi
16
SOCIAL STRUCTURE ANALYSIS IN YENIKAPI-YALI MAHALLESI
Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi has been succeeded in preserving its unique architectural characteristics, and
housed Istanbul’s important nightclubs of high-level society till 1960s. After 1960s, with the
construction of Kennedy Street through the seashore, it has changed both physically and socially.
The increase in non-residential activities caused Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi’s own residents to leave the
settlement. The empty places, generally listed buildings, were filled by the immigrants of low income
coming from the economically undeveloped regions of Turkey, especially from Southeast and East
Anatolia regions.
The new families of low income groups in Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi, mostly working in the service
sector and in marginal jobs, generally settle down the area in for a temporary period, as a step in
between better conditions which will be provided by higher incomes. This temporary approach
causes lack of care of the buildings or surrounding. Moreover, the low-income level of residents
hardens the preservation of historic urban character of the area. When high maintenance costs
added on the population who are mainly tenants, the listed buildings are left to become dilapidation.
Most of the families are extended families of more than 5 people in Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi. This
stems from the increasing immigration rates from economically undeveloped settlements of East,
Southeast Anatolia or Black Sea regions.
Street Life in YenikapiYali Mahallesi
Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi houses the labour force working in near commercial centers and
entertainment business. The major population of residents in the planning areas are housewives and
self-employees.
The number of fathers with no income is rather high. Majority earn between more than 284 USD
with the benefit of working in entertainment business.
Playground in YenikapiYali Mahallesi
Most of the families are tenants. There is a small portion of families living in the building free of
charge. Almost half of the residents have lived in that residence for a period of less than 5 years.
The continuous immigration from economically undeveloped regions of Turkey creates a dynamic
mobile population profile.
The survey includes the demographic and
socio-economic aspects of the inhabitants
of the planning area, as well as their
interactions with the environment, their
expectations and their perspectives in
defining urban conservation and historical
environment.
Majority of the inhabitants have relatives in near surrounding. Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi is fortunate by
the fact that green areas surrounding the settlement create breathing spaces for residents.
However, outdoor and indoor settings are insufficient in number.
Social Life in YenikapiYali Mahallesi
It was determined that a small portion of residents has a true understanding of conservation area.
The residents’ thoughts of Yenikapi-Yali Mahallesi are in the direction of the replacement of the listed
house with a modern, multi-storey building beautifies the district, thus rapid demolishment activities
show the reality.
YENIKAPI
Information
was
gathered
from
70
households equally shared in between both
listed and non-listed buildings.
Yenikapi
17
7 Block No
830
Lot No
12
Building No
27
Exis ting Situation
Construction Mtrl.
Timber+Masonry
Storey Height
3
Use
Residential
Ow nership
Private Partners
Building Condition
Bad Condition
Harmony
Harmonious
Listing Status
Listed
Action type
Liberation
Block No
831
Lot No
5
Building No
4
Exis ting Situation
Construction Mtrl.
Storey Height
Proposal
Timber+Masonry
3
Use
Unoccupied House
Ow nership
Private Individual
Building Condition
Ruin
Harmony
Harmonious
Listing Status
Listed
Action type
Residential
Consolidation
Block No
831
Lot No
6;7
Building No
5
Exis ting Situation
Construction Mtrl.
Storey Height
Use
Proposal
Masonry
3
2
Residential
Residential
Ow nership
Private Partners
Building Condition
Good Condition
Harmony
Harmonious
Listing Status
Listed
Action type
Liberasyon
Block No
831
Lot No
10
Building No
7
Exis ting Situation
Construction Mtrl.
Storey Height
Proposal
Timber
3
Use
Residential
Ow nership
Private Individual
Building Condition
Good Condition
Harmony
Harmonious
Listing Status
Listed
Action type
Proposal
Residential
Residential
Liberation
Example of the Evaluation List
Planning efforts are
directed towards the
reorganization of the role
of Yenikapi-Yali
mahallesi to be in
accordance with the
traditional urban fabric of
the area and to serve in its
hinterland.
Evaluation
New economic functioning
is proposed to provide new
job opportunities reflecting
the potential to increase
the income level of
inhabitants.
YENIKAPI
decisions
Development Plan
•
urban fabric and
transportation
•
land use and building
functions
•
conservatıon of listed
property
•
•
socio-cultural
development
comprehensive
conservation
approaches
within the planning strategies help to provide
the revitalisation of the district with respect to
traditional urban character.
Planning Decisions
Yenikapi
18
In the study area,
1/1000 scale urban
design project is
developed with
proposals for both land
and building levels.
YENIKAPI
While verifying
proposals for building
forms, structural
additions on listed
buildings are firstly
removed. Infill
applications on
building forms are
designed according to
original structural
conditions and story
height of buildings.
Within this step of the study, proposals for
listed structures, land and building uses,
transportation system and open urban spaces
are figured out in a design scheme with three
dimensional interventions for listed buildings.
Interventions for Listed Buildings
19
Under the roof of Conservation Study, the following structures were set up to implement the plan:
An expert in both national and international levels is promoted as Project Leader, dealing with the
true functioning of the whole management scheme and operating financial resources.
The secondary partners are the Project Coordinators doing the plan and the Project Consultants
contributing in evaluation and decision-making processes.
Consultative bodies ensure the effective and efficient continuity of the study between diverse
groups and organizations mentioned above, community, tourism interests, arts, cultural interests,
business and trade groups. The full participation of public in evaluation and decision-making
processes is supported, so as private enterprises.
To ease the implementation process, each sub-project is run by a Project Team. Sub-project
groups are established under the themes of physical, socio-cultural and economic dimensions.
A Vision Center served as a vital means of communication and publicity, ensure the cooperation
between various sub-projects raising the profile of the historic district.
Zeyrek
A Monitoring Committee is proposed to be established in order to monitor the implementation
process.
implementation and
financial management
To maintain financial support for the implementation is surely the most important problems the
conservation studies face. The study looks for the consistent and appropriate solutions to ease the
difficulties run by the scarce resources.
A self-processed funding scheme is settled inbetween national and international partners of public
and private sectors to fill the capital pool.
European Union and UNESCO are the main international supporting organizations in the
financial management scheme. In national level, a multi-partnership mechanism is set up with
the contribution of Ministry of Culture and Tourism, Greater Municipality, District Municipalities,
Foundations, Universities and private sector.
To provide a management process defining
a
cooperated
participation
between
administrative
units
during
the
implementation process is determined in
the Study.
Suleymaniye
It is recognized that the local authority
could not achieve the comprehensive plan
acting alone.
Financial aid, besides incentives, from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and foundations is
ensured by the fact that only if the proposed project on a land is on their ownership. The Ministry
can support the study by funds and incentives such as tax relief and subsidies on tourist activities
that are proposed on tourist-cultural facility zones.
A new approach was therefore proposed,
involving a partnership of public and private
bodies,
including
local
and
central
government, as well as private enterprises.
Local bodies of Greater Municipality and district municipalities help to restore historic buildings and
provide consultancy to maintain a Community Center.
University Foundation having an effect on social development of the area is responsible for the
establishment of Training Center for capacity building and dormitory opportunities for students.
Because of its global role, the project is
handled with the contribution of national
and especially of international partners.
The district has to be successful in levering private sector investment, in particular, significant
investment from the service sector: private offices, restaurant and other entertainment businesses.
The Financial support from private entrepreneurs can be maintained in commercial corridors.
It is important to state that public participation in the process will guarantee the continuity of
efforts.
Yenikapi

Conservation Study in PDF format

Transcription

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