Flash MX Tutorials

Transcription

Flash MX Tutorials

Flash MX Tutorials
Macromedia Flash MX
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macromedia
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Acknowledgments
Director: Erick Vera
Producer: Wayne Wieseler
Writing: Jody Bleyle, JuLee Burdekin, Mary Burger, Dale Crawford, Marcelle Taylor
Instructional Design: Stephanie Gowin, Barbara Nelson
Editing: Rosana Francescato, Lisa Stanziano, Anne Szabla
Multimedia Design and Production: Aaron Begley, Benjamin Salles, Noah Zilberberg
Print Design and Production: Chris Basmajian, Caroline Branch
Second Edition: June 2002
Macromedia, Inc.
600 Townsend St.
San Francisco, CA 94103
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Flash MX Tutorial . . .
.................................. 5
What you should know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
View the completed movie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Analyze the stiletto.fla file . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Define properties for a new document and create a gradient background . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Create and mask vector art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Tween bitmap effects within a movie clip . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Load dynamic text at runtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Add animation and navigation to buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Add streaming and event sounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Organize your Library panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Test download performance and publish the movie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
The next steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
CHAPTER 2
Introduction to ActionScript Tutorial . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
View a completed movie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Initialize the movie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Save and retrieve information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Display information in a dynamic text box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Write an expression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Control the flow of the movie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Create commands and reuse code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Use a built-in object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Test the movie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
The next steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
CHAPTER 3
Introduction to Components Tutorial . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Types of components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
View the completed form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Create a form . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The next steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
83
84
85
94
3
CHAPTER 4
Introduction to Learning Interactions Tutorial .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
What you should know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
What you’ll learn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Open a new document from a quiz template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Take a tour of the quiz template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Test the quiz template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
View a completed version of the learning interaction tutorial file. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Modify the Welcome page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Use assets from a shared library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Modify a True or False interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Modify a Fill in the Blank interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Modify a Multiple Choice interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
About graphic distractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Modify a Drag and Drop interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Modify a Hot Object interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
Modify a Hot Spot interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Add an interaction to the Timeline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Modify the quiz results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Publish the quiz for AICC Tracking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Moving on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
4
Contents
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Flash MX Tutorial
This tutorial guides you through the process of creating a compelling Web experience with
Macromedia Flash MX. By completing the tutorial, you’ll learn how to design a movie, from
opening a new document to publishing the movie for Web playback. The tutorial takes
approximately three hours to complete, depending on your experience, and will teach you how to
do the following tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Analyze a completed movie
Define document properties and create a gradient
Create and mask vector art
Tween bitmap effects within a movie clip
Load dynamic text
Modify buttons and add navigation
Add streaming and event sounds
Test and publish the movie
We recommend that you complete the eight sections that comprise the tutorial in sequence,
although you may choose to review only the sections that interest you. If you do complete the
tutorial out of sequence, keep in mind that later sections assume you’ve mastered skills introduced
in earlier sections.
What you should know
Before taking the tutorial, complete the seven lessons found in Flash Help. These interactive
lessons created in Flash introduce you to the concepts you need to know to complete the tutorial.
Lesson topics include the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Getting Started with Flash MX
Illustrating in Flash
Adding and Editing Text
Creating and Editing Symbols
Understanding Layers
Creating Buttons
Creating Tweened Animation
To take a lesson, choose Help > Lessons, then select from the list.
5
View the completed movie
You can open a completed version of the tutorial movie to better understand how your finished
file will appear.
In this section, you’ll accomplish the following tasks:
• Analyze the completed movie using the Property inspector and Movie Explorer
• Examine a movie clip and discern its relationship to the main movie
• View the types of assets included in the movie
1
Within your Flash MX application folder, browse to Tutorials/FlashIntro and double-click
stiletto.swf to open the completed movie in the stand-alone Flash Player.
Published Flash movies have the SWF extension; documents in the authoring environment
have the FLA extension.
2
When the movie opens, watch the three views of the car fade in and out.
You’ll create this animation by tweening bitmap effects within a movie clip.
3
Listen to the sound that plays continuously while the movie plays. This is an example of a
streaming sound.
4
Roll over the three buttons along the lower right edge of the window to view the rollover effect,
and to hear the event sounds included in each button.
5
Click a button to see where it links, then close the browser that opened and return to the SWF file.
6
After viewing the movie, click its close box.
Analyze the stiletto.fla file
It’s helpful to analyze the completed FLA file to see how the author designed the document. To
analyze the file, you can view the properties for an object, view the Timeline and Stage, look at
library assets, and use the Movie Explorer.
6
Chapter 1
1
In Flash, choose File > Open. Navigate to your Flash application folder and open Tutorials/
FlashIntro/stiletto.fla.
You now see the completed tutorial movie in the authoring environment.
Drag the bar that separates the
Stage from the Timeline
2
To view all layers in the main Timeline, drag down the bar that separates the Stage from
the Timeline.
3
In the Timeline, unlock the Copy layer and the Images layer.
7
View document properties
The Property inspector lets you view specifications for selected objects. The specifications depend
on the type of object selected. If you select a text object, for example, settings to view and modify
text attributes appear.
1
If the Property inspector isn’t open, choose Window > Properties.
2
On the Stage, scroll down if necessary and select the rectangular block where descriptive text
appeared in the finished SWF file. The text does not appear in the FLA file because it loads
from an external TXT file into a dynamic text field.
Text box
In the Property inspector, you can view the size, style, and color of the text, among other attributes.
If the Property inspector is not fully expanded, click the white triangle in the lower right corner.
3
On the Stage, select the car.
Movie clip settings replace the text settings. Movie clips are symbols with their own
independent Timelines. You can think of them as movies within movies.
8
Chapter 1
View the movie clip
Now you’ll open symbol-editing mode to view the Timeline for a movie clip.
1
On the Stage, double-click the movie clip of the car.
As you learned in the Creating Tweened Animation lesson, you define changes in animation in
keyframes. When you scroll around the Timeline, note which layers have keyframes in them
and which frames are keyframes.
Beginning and intermediate keyframes that include content are indicated in the Timeline by
solid circles, ending keyframes appear as small outlined rectangles.
2
In the Timeline, select the playhead and drag it slowly across the frames.
Watch how changes in action on the Stage correspond to changes in the Timeline. As you drag
the playhead, the movie plays sequentially. You can add ActionScript, the Flash scripting
language, to movies to make the playhead jump to specific frames.
3
When you finish viewing the movie clip, do one of the following to return to the main movie:
• Choose Edit > Edit Document.
• Click the Back button.
• Click Scene 1 above the Stage.
View library assets
The Library panel contains the symbols and imported objects in your document.
1
If the Library panel isn’t open, choose Window > Library.
2
Drag the Library panel to enlarge it, if necessary, to view the objects within the library.
3
If the Artwork folder is not expanded, double-click it to view the objects in the folder.
4
Click view1.png to view the image in the preview area at the top of the Library panel.
5
Expand the other folders in the Library panel to view the assets included in the document,
such as buttons and movie clips.
9
6
When you finish viewing the assets, close the Library panel.
Analyze the movie structure with the Movie Explorer
The Movie Explorer helps you arrange, locate, and edit media. With its hierarchical tree structure,
the Movie Explorer provides information about the organization and flow of a movie, especially
useful when you analyze a movie authored by someone else.
1
If the Movie Explorer is not already open, choose Window > Movie Explorer.
2
If necessary, enlarge the Movie Explorer to view the tree structure within the pane.
The Movie Explorer filtering buttons display or hide information.
10
Chapter 1
3
Click the pop-up menu in the title bar of the Movie Explorer, and verify that Show Movie
Elements and Show Symbol Definitions are selected.
4
Deselect the Show Frames and Layers button along the top of the Movie Explorer. Verify that
the only filtering buttons selected are Show Text; Show Buttons, Movie Clips, and Graphics;
Show ActionScripts; and Show Video, Sounds, and Bitmaps.
5
Examine the list to view some of the assets included in the movie and to see their relationship
to other assets.
6
To expand an object or category, click the Plus (+) button to the left of the name
7
Select the Show Frames and Layers filtering button. Scroll down to the Symbol Definitions
category. With the category expanded, double-click the Car Animation movie clip.
You’re now in symbol-editing mode for the movie clip.
11
8
In the Movie Explorer, with the Car Animation category selected and expanded, expand the
View 3 Fade icon, then double-click Frame 60.
In the Timeline for the movie clip, the playhead moves to Frame 60 of the View 3 Fade layer.
To view an item listed in the hierarchical tree, click the corresponding icon. If you click a frame
icon, the playhead moves to that frame in the Timeline. If you click an asset, such as a bitmap
image, the Property inspector displays the image settings. Double-clicking an icon that
represents a symbol opens symbol-editing mode.
9
Close the Movie Explorer. To close the document, choose File > Close.
If you’ve made changes to the file, do not save them.
Define properties for a new document and create a
gradient background
To learn how to create a movie in Flash, let’s start from the very first step in the process: opening
a new file. Then, by completing this section, you’ll learn how to complete the following tasks:
• Open a new file and define document properties
• Create and transform a gradient background
Open a new file
Now you’re ready to create your own version of the tutorial movie.
1
Choose File > New.
2
Choose File > Save As.
3
Name the file mystiletto.fla and save it within your Flash MX application folder, in the
Tutorials/FlashIntro/My_Stiletto sub folder.
Note: As you complete the tutorial, remember to save your work frequently.
Define document properties
Configuring document properties is a common first step in authoring. You can use the Property
inspector and Document Properties dialog box to specify settings that affect the entire movie,
such as the frames per second (fps) playback rate, and the Stage size and background color.
1
If the Property inspector isn’t open, choose Window > Properties. In the Property inspector,
verify that 12 is the number in the Frame Rate text box.
The movie will play at 12 frames per second, an optimal frame rate for playing animations
on the Web.
Note: If the Property inspector is not fully expanded, click the white triangle in the lower right corner.
12
Chapter 1
2
The Background Color box indicates the color of the Stage. Click the down arrow on the
Background Color box, then move the Eyedropper tool over the color swatches to view their
hexadecimal values in the Hexadecimal text box.
3
Find and click the gray color swatch with the hexadecimal value of 999999.
Hexadecimal text box
Select this shade of gray
4
To resize the Stage, click the Size button, which indicates the size of the Stage. In the Document
Properties dialog box, type 640 px in the first Dimensions text box and 290 px in the second
Dimensions text box. Verify that Pixels is selected in the pop-up menu, and click OK.
The Stage dimensions change to reflect the new settings of 640 x 290 pixels.
Specify grid settings
On the Stage, you can align objects along horizontal and vertical grid lines. Even when the grid is
not visible, you can snap objects to it. Now you’ll modify the distance between the horizontal and
vertical grid lines, and create a grid in alignment with the Stage borders.
1
Choose View > Grid > Edit Grid.
2
In the Grid dialog box, type 10 px in the grid width text box and 10 px in the grid height text box.
3
Select Snap to Grid and verify that Show Grid is not selected.
Objects will now snap to the grid, even when the grid is not visible.
13
4
Verify that Normal is selected for Snap Accuracy, and click OK.
Snap accuracy determines how close an object must be to a grid line before snapping to it.
Create a gradient background
A gradient displays subtle variations of a color, or transitions between two or more colors. In the
finished tutorial file, the background is a gradient that blends black and dark blue with a
transparent area that allows part of the gray Stage color to be displayed. You achieve this effect
using the Color Mixer.
Note: While gradients offer interesting effects in movies, overuse of gradients can adversely affect computer
processor speeds and decrease the speed at which an animation plays. When designing a movie, consider both
your artistic and performance requirements to determine the best use of gradients.
Draw a rectangle
Earlier in the tutorial, you created a grid that aligned against the Stage and allowed you to snap objects
to the grid lines. Now you’ll draw a rectangle that snaps to the area of the grid bordering the Stage.
1
In the pop-up menu above the right side of the Stage, enter 75% to view the entire Stage.
This setting indicates your magnified or scaled-down view of the Stage. The setting does not
affect the actual size of the Stage in your movie, which you specified in the Document
Properties dialog box.
2
14
In the toolbox, select the Rectangle tool.
Chapter 1
3
In the toolbox, click the Stroke Color control. Select No Stroke (the button with the red
diagonal line above the color palette).
The selected fill color of the shape is unimportant; you’ll soon change the color.
4
Starting from the upper left corner of the Stage, drag to the lower right corner of the Stage to
draw a rectangle that covers the Stage.
When you release the pointer, the rectangle snaps to the edges of the Stage, along the hidden grid.
Note: While completing the tutorial, you may find it useful to undo a change you’ve made. Flash can undo several
of your recent changes, depending on the number of undo levels you have set in Preferences. To undo, choose
Edit > Undo or press Control+Z (Windows) or Command+Z (Macintosh). Conversely, you can redo what you’ve
undone by choosing Edit > Redo or pressing Control+Y (Windows) or Command+Y (Macintosh).
Specify a color for the gradient
Dark blue is the first color you’ll add to your gradient.
1
In the toolbox, select the Arrow tool. On the Stage, click inside the rectangle to select the fill.
When you drew the rectangle, the Property inspector displayed properties for the Rectangle
tool. When you select a shape that has already been created, the Property inspector displays
properties for the shape.
2
If the Color Mixer is not open, choose Window > Color Mixer.
15
3
To expand the Color Mixer, click the white arrow in the panel title bar.
Click here to expand the panel
4
If the Color Mixer is not fully expanded, click the arrow in the lower right of the panel.
5
In the Fill Style pop-up menu, select Radial.
6
Click the gradient slider to the left of the gradient bar to select it.
Gradient bar
Gradient slider
16
Chapter 1
7
Click the color box in the upper left corner of the window to open the color palette. Use one of
the following methods to select dark blue:
• Type 000066 in the hexadecimal value text box and press Enter or Return.
• Move the eyedropper over the color swatches until you find the dark blue with the hexadecimal
value of 000066, then click the swatch to select it.
Click this shade of blue
Change the alpha value
In the Color Mixer, the Alpha text box indicates the transparency of the color, with 0% indicating
that the color is completely transparent, and 100% indicating the color is completely opaque.
You’ll specify an alpha value of 0% to create a gradient that includes dark blue and black along
with the gray Stage color that shows through the transparent areas of the gradient.
• In the Color Mixer, either type 0 in the Alpha text box and press Enter or Return, or move the
Alpha slider to 0.
17
Add a second gradient color
You’ll now add black to the gradient.
1
In the Color Mixer, click the gradient slider to the right of the gradient bar to select it.
2
Click the color box to open the color palette and select the black with a hexadecimal value
of 000000.
Remember, you can either type the hexadecimal value in the Hexadecimal text box and press
Enter or Return, or you can find and select the color swatch with the same hexadecimal value.
Transform the gradient fill
When you transform an object, you rotate, scale, or skew it. You can transform a fill using the Fill
Transform tool.
1
In the toolbox, select the Fill Transform tool. On the Stage, click anywhere inside the rectangle.
An ellipse that indicates the shape and location of the gradient appears around the Stage. The
ellipse has controls for the location, width, scale, and rotation of the radial gradient.
Center placement
Width
Scale
Rotation
18
Chapter 1
2
Drag the center control to the left of the Stage so that it’s approximately 1/3 of the distance
from the left edge of the Stage, as shown in the following illustration.
As you change the shape and placement of the ellipse, the shape and placement of the color
transitions on the Stage change accordingly.
3
Drag the square handle on the ellipse, which controls gradient width, to the left to make the
ellipse narrower; the approximate shape of the ellipse is shown in the following illustration.
19
20
4
Drag the circular middle handle, which controls the size of the gradient, to the right to make
the ellipse larger, as shown in the following illustration.
5
Drag the bottom circular handle, which controls the rotation of the ellipse, toward the left to
rotate the ellipse to the approximate angle shown in the following illustration.
Chapter 1
Name and lock a layer
The gradient shape appears on Layer 1 in the Timeline, currently the only layer in your
document. In preparation for adding and moving additional objects on the Stage, you’ll rename
and lock the layer. In the next section of the tutorial, you’ll create a new layer.
As you learned in the Understanding Layers lesson, by locking the layer, you ensure that you or
other users don’t make inadvertent changes to objects on the layer.
1
In the Timeline, double-click the Layer 1 name and type Background to rename the layer.
2
Click away from the layer name, then click the padlock icon to lock the layer.
When you draw in Flash, you create vector art, which is a mathematical representation of lines,
curves, color, and position. Vector art is resolution-independent; you can rescale the art to any size
or display it at any resolution without losing clarity. Additionally, vector art downloads faster than
comparable bitmap images.
Along with the gradient, the finished file contains background shapes. You’ll use the Oval tool to
create the shapes.
Specifically, in this section you’ll learn how to complete the following tasks:
• Add a layer
• Create and “cut out” shapes
• Mask the layer containing the shapes
To complete this section, you can either continue to work on your mystiletto.fla file, or you can
browse to your Flash MX application folder and open Tutorials/FlashIntro/stiletto2.fla. If you do
use the stiletto2.fla file, save the file with a new name in your My_Stiletto folder to maintain an
unadulterated version of the original file.
21
Add a layer
Rather than create the shapes on the Background layer, you’ll add a new layer on which you can
draw the shapes.
1
To add a new layer, choose Insert > Layer, or click the Insert Layer button. Name the new
layer Shapes.
Insert Layer button
2
In the toolbox, select the Oval tool.
3
In the Property inspector, select Hairline from the Stroke Style pop-up menu. Click the Stroke
Color control. In the color palette, select the gray with a hexadecimal value of 999999.
Remember, you can either enter the hexadecimal value in the hexadecimal text box, or find and
click the color swatch with the same hexadecimal value.
4
If the Color Mixer isn’t open, choose Window > Color Mixer. In the Fill Style pop-up menu,
select Solid. Click the Fill Color control to select it. In the R (red) field, type 109. In the G
(green) and B (blue) text boxes, type 45, then press Enter or Return.
You are specifying the values for the amount of red, green, and blue within a color.
5
In the Timeline, verify that the Shapes layer is selected. On the Stage, constrain the oval to a
circle by pressing Shift as you drag, to draw a circle that extends from the canvas area above the
Stage to the canvas below the Stage.
Note: If you make a mistake, choose Edit > Undo and try again.
22
Chapter 1
6
Select the Arrow tool in the toolbox, then double-click the circle on the Stage to select both the
fill and the stroke.
7
If the Transform panel isn’t open, choose Window > Transform.
8
To expand the Transform panel, click the white arrow in the upper left corner. Select Skew and
type 20.0 in the Skew Horizontally text box, then press Enter or Return.
The circle that you drew changes into a skewed oval.
Create and transform a duplicate shape
You’ll now create and transform a duplicate oval.
23
1
With the oval fill and stroke still selected on the Stage, choose Edit > Duplicate.
2
In the Property inspector, use the Fill Color control to select black.
3
In the toolbox, select the Free Transform tool.
A guide with handles appears around the duplicate oval.
24
Chapter 1
4
Move the pointer over a corner handle until a diagonal indicator with arrows at both ends
appears. Drag the corner handle inward to make the oval smaller. Verify that the stroke of the
inside oval is not touching the stroke of the outside oval.
5
Move your pointer above the corner handle until the pointer changes into a circular rotation
indicator. Drag the rotation indicator to the left to rotate the oval to the approximate position
shown in the following illustration.
25
Create a “cut out” with the duplicate
When you create one shape on top of another on the same layer, and the two shapes are different
colors as well as ungrouped, the shape on top “cuts out” the area of the shape underneath. You’ll
delete the duplicate oval to view the cut out effect.
26
1
With the Free Transform tool guide around the duplicate oval, click anywhere on the Stage or
canvas away from the shapes, then click the fill of the inner oval. Press Delete on your keyboard
to delete the fill.
2
The oval now has an outer and an inner stroke. With the Arrow tool, click the outermost
stroke on the oval to select it, then Shift-click to select the innermost stroke as well. Drag the
strokes slightly to the right of the fill, as shown in the following illustration.
Chapter 1
3
Each area of fill color within the area bisected by the stroke now represents a discrete segment
that you can color individually. Select an area of the shape fill, and use the Color Mixer to
change the fill color to a brown shade with an R (red) value of 117, a G (green) value of 78,
and a B (blue) value of 53. If desired, repeat this step to change another fill area to the lighter
shade of brown, as shown in the following illustration:
4
Select the Free Transform tool. Drag around the oval background shapes to select all the
shapes, then drag the right corner handle of the guide to enlarge the shapes, as shown in the
following illustration.
27
5
Drag the shapes on the Stage so that part of the curve shows on the upper left corner and right
side of the Stage.
Note: As you complete the tutorial, remember to save your file frequently.
Create a mask
The art that you created on the Shapes layer extends beyond the Stage, well into the canvas area.
Although the area on the canvas won’t appear in your published movie, the art beyond the Stage
can be distracting in the authoring environment. While you can erase the part of the shapes that
extend into the canvas, a better solution is to apply a mask over the Stage so that only the area
under the mask—the entire Stage, in this case—remains visible. This way, if you’d like to return
to the shapes to modify them, they will be intact.
1
With the Shapes layer selected, add a new layer to the Timeline and name it Mask.
2
In the toolbox, select the Rectangle tool and draw a rectangle that extends from the upper left
corner of the Stage to the lower right corner.
This rectangle is the shape of your mask. Anything under the rectangle will be visible.
28
Chapter 1
3
Right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Macintosh) the Mask layer name in the Timeline and
choose Mask from the context menu.
The layer is converted to a mask layer, indicated by a down arrow icon. The layer immediately
below it is linked to the mask layer, and its contents show throughout the filled area on the
mask. The masked layer name is indented, and its icon changes to a right-pointing arrow. The
art on the canvas is no longer visible on the Stage.
Mask layers must be locked for the Mask effect to show. To edit the shapes, you can unlock the
Mask and Background Shapes layers. When you finish editing the art, lock the layers again to
invoke masking.
4
Save your file.
29
In addition to creating vector art in Flash, you can import bitmap images, which use pixels to
display graphics, into your Flash movie and apply various color effects. In this section, you’ll
complete the following tasks:
•
•
•
•
Import bitmap images
Modify bitmap compression
Create and edit a movie clip symbol
Tween bitmap effects to fade views of the car in and out
Import images into the library
When you import a file into Flash, you can import it directly into the library.
1
On the Timeline, add a new layer and name it Images.
2
Choose File > Import to Library.
When you select Import to Library rather than Import, the images must be placed on the Stage
before they will appear.
3
Browse to your Tutorials/FlashIntro/Assets folder within your Flash MX application folder and
select view1.png, then Shift-click to add view2.png and view3.png to the selection. Click Open.
The three images are now in the library.
Modify bitmap compression
When you import an image, you can check and modify settings that compress the image. While
compressing images reduces the file size of your movie, compression can affect image quality; the
goal is to strike a balance between compression settings and image quality.
1
30
If the Library panel isn’t open, choose Window > Library. Enlarge the window, if necessary, to
see the three files you imported.
Chapter 1
2
Double-click the view1.png file.
JPEG compression is the default selection.
3
In the Compression pop-up menu, select Lossless (PNG/GIF) for higher image quality.
4
To test how the image appears with the new setting, click Test. If necessary, drag the car into
view in the preview window. When you finish previewing the image, click OK.
5
Return to the Library panel. Double-click view2.png and repeat step 3, then click OK.
6
In the Library panel, double-click view3.png and specify Lossless (PNG/GIF), then click OK.
Create a movie clip symbol
In the finished file, three views of the electric car fade in and out in the opening scene. This effect
is achieved by creating a movie clip symbol that has a Timeline independent of the main
Timeline. Next, you tween the alpha transparency between three views of the car to create a fade
in/fade out effect. To begin to create the effect, you’ll create the movie clip.
1
With the Images layer still selected in the Timeline, drag the view1.png object from the Library
panel to the Stage, placing the car within the area where the gradient background is lightest.
2
Choose Insert > Convert to Symbol, or press F8.
31
3
In the Convert to Symbol dialog box, name the symbol Car Animation. Verify that Movie Clip
is selected and that the center square is selected in the Registration indicator, and click OK.
Bitmaps, like other Flash objects, have registration points used for positioning and
transformation. When you align the three views of the car within the movie clip, all three views
should align relative to a center registration point.
Registration point
Edit a symbol
To view the Timeline of the movie clip, you must be in symbol-editing mode. You can open
symbol-editing mode by double-clicking the symbol either on the Stage or in the Library panel.
1
On the Stage, double-click the car to open symbol-editing mode.
The name of the symbol appears above the canvas area, along with a Scene 1 link that returns
you to the main movie.
In symbol-editing mode, you’re now viewing the Timeline for the movie clip rather than the
Timeline for the main movie.
2
Rename Layer 1 View 1 Fade.
3
The car that you see on the Stage is a bitmap image, not a symbol, within the Car Animation
symbol. Make the car a symbol by selecting it on the Stage and pressing F8.
4
In the Convert to Symbol dialog box, name the symbol View 1 Car, then verify that Movie
Clip is selected.
5
Verify that the center square is selected in the Registration indicator and click OK.
6
Scroll horizontally across the Timeline until you get to Frame 105. Select the frame and choose
Insert > Keyframe, or press F6 to add a keyframe.
The Current Frame indicator displays the selected frame.
Current frame
7
32
Add keyframes to Frames 25 and 35.
Chapter 1
8
Add a keyframe to Frame 34, then click anywhere on the layer between Frames 36 and 104,
and press Delete on your keyboard.
An empty keyframe appears in Frame 35, and the car does not appear on the Stage from
frame 35 on.
Note: If you make an error in adding keyframes and want to delete them, select one or more frames and
right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Macintosh), then choose Clear Keyframe from the context menu.
Tween bitmap effects
Creating a bitmap effect tween is similar to creating a straight motion tween: you specify settings for
beginning and ending keyframes, then specify tweening for those frames and the frames in between.
Flash creates the transitional animation from the first keyframe in the animation to the last.
1
In the Car Animation Timeline, select Frame 34, then click the View 1 Car on the Stage so
that the Property inspector appears displaying movie clip properties.
2
In the Color pop-up menu of the Property inspector, select Alpha. In the Alpha Amount
pop-up menu, either type 0% in the text box and press Enter or Return, or use the pop-up
slider to select 0%.
Bounding rectangle
3
In the Timeline, select any frame between Frames 25 and 34. In the Property inspector, select
Motion from the Tween pop-up menu.
An arrow with a solid line spans the tweened keyframes. A dashed line between keyframes
indicates the tweening is not implemented correctly, which often occurs when a beginning or
ending keyframe is missing.
33
Fade in the second car
As the View 1 Car fades out, another view of the car should fade in.
1
Add a new layer to the Car Animation Timeline and name it View 2 Fade.
2
On the View 2 Fade layer, add a keyframe to Frame 25.
3
With the playhead still on Frame 25, drag view2.png from the Library panel to the Stage.
4
If the Info panel isn’t open, choose Window > Info. Verify that the center square is selected in
the Registration indicator, then type 0 in the X coordinate text box and type 0 in the Y
coordinate text box. Press Enter or Return.
The Property inspector also has X and Y text boxes; however, those coordinates are relative to a
registration point in the upper left corner of the movie clip.
34
5
Select the view2.png on the Stage and press F8 to make it a symbol. In the Convert to Symbol
dialog box, name the symbol View 2 Car. Verify that Movie Clip is selected, and click OK.
6
In the movie clip Property inspector, select Alpha in the Color pop-up menu and type 0% in
the Alpha Amount text box.
7
Add a keyframe to Frame 35 of the View 2 Fade layer.
8
On the Stage, click inside the bounding rectangle of the transparent car. In the movie clip
Property inspector, enter 100% in the Alpha Amount text box.
9
On the View 2 Fade layer, select any frame between Frame 25 and Frame 34. In the Property
inspector, select Motion from the Tween pop-up menu.
Chapter 1
Fade out the second car
Now you’ll create the animation that fades out the second car.
1
2
On the View 2 Fade layer, add a keyframe to Frame 70, and another keyframe to Frame 69.
3
Select the keyframe in Frame 69 of the View 2 Fade layer. Select the View 2 Car on the Stage
and use the Property inspector to select an alpha transparency of 0%.
4
On the View 2 Fade layer, select any frame between Frames 60 and 68. In the Property
5
Click any frame on the View 2 Fade layer between Frames 71 and 105, and press Delete.
Fade in the third car
As the second car fades out, the third car fades in. You’ll create that animation now.
1
With the View 2 Fade layer selected, add a new layer to Timeline and name it View 3 Fade.
2
3
With Frame 60 still selected, drag the view3.png from the Library panel to the Stage. Use the
Info panel (choose Window > Info if the panel is closed) to specify 0 for both the X and Y
coordinates, and to verify the registration point is centered, as you did for the view2.png.
4
Select view3.png on the Stage and press F8 to make it a symbol. In the Convert to Symbol
dialog box, name the symbol View 3 Car. Verify that Movie Clip is selected, and click OK.
5
In the Property inspector, select Alpha in the Color pop-up menu and type 0% in the Alpha
Amount text box.
6
Add a keyframe to Frame 70 of the View 3 Fade layer.
7
On the Stage, select inside the bounding rectangle of the View 3 Car. In the Property inspector,
enter 100% in the Alpha Amount text box.
8
35
Fade out the third car
You’ll now create the animation that fades out the third car.
1
On the View 3 Fade layer, add a keyframe to Frames 95 and 105.
2
With Frame 105 selected in the View 3 Fade layer, select the View 3 Car on the Stage and use
the Property inspector to select an alpha transparency of 0%.
3
Fade in the first car
As the third car fades out, the first car must fade in to complete the animation.
1
2
With Frame 95 still selected, drag the View 1 Car movie clip (not view1.png) from the Library
panel to the Stage.
3
In the Info panel, type 0 in the X coordinate text box and type 0 in the Y coordinate text box.
Press Enter or Return.
4
In the Property inspector, select Alpha in the Color pop-up menu and enter 0% in the Alpha
Amount text box.
5
Select Frame 104 of the View 1 Fade layer.
6
Click inside the bounding rectangle of the View 1 Car movie clip on the Stage. In the Property
inspector, enter 100% in the Alpha Amount text box.
7
On the View 1 Fade layer, select any frame between Frames 95and 104. In the Property
Test the movie
At any point during authoring, you can test how your movie will play as a SWF file.
1
Save your movie and choose Control > Test Movie.
Flash exports a SWF copy of your movie.
In the SWF movie, the animation automatically plays in a continuous loop.
2
36
When you finish viewing the movie, close the SWF file by clicking its close box. In your Flash
document, choose Edit > Edit Document or click Scene 1 to return to the main Timeline.
Chapter 1
Load dynamic text at runtime
In the lesson Adding and Editing Text, you practiced typing text directly on the Stage. You can
also design your movie to include text from external files. One of the easiest ways to accomplish
this is to use the loadVariables action to load text from a text file into a dynamic text field at
runtime. In the FLA file, you can specify text attributes, such as font style, size, and color, for the
dynamic text field. An advantage of keeping text in external files is that anyone who wants to
modify the text can work with the text file rather than the FLA file.
In this section, you’ll learn how to accomplish the following tasks:
•
•
•
•
Import and align a logo
Create a dynamic text field
Use the Property inspector to assign a text variable name
Use the loadVariables action to load text from an external file
Import the logo
Before creating the dynamic text field, you’ll import the logo, a Macromedia FreeHand file for
which Flash automatically adds a layer on the Timeline.
1
In the Timeline, select the Images layer and add a new layer above it. Name the new layer Copy.
2
With the Copy layer selected, choose File > Import.
Earlier in the tutorial, you imported objects into the library. Now you’ll import the logo so that
it appears on the Stage.
3
Browse within your Flash MX application folder to the Tutorials/FlashIntro/Assets folder and
click logo.fh10, then click Open.
37
38
4
In the FreeHand Import dialog box, verify that Scenes, Layers, and All are selected. Also verify
that Include Background Layer and Maintain Text Blocks is selected, and then click OK.
5
In the Timeline, Flash created a layer named Logo. Drag the Logo name to move the layer
below the Copy layer.
6
You can specify Stage coordinates for the logo. In the Property inspector, with the logo
selected, type 10 in the X text box and 20 in the Y text box. Then press Enter or Return.
7
In the Timeline, lock the Logo layer.
Chapter 1
Create a dynamic text field
Now you’ll create a dynamic text field. Instead of typing text into the field, you’ll specify the
variable text that loads into the field at runtime.
1
In the Timeline, select the Copy layer. In the toolbox, select the Text tool. In the Property
inspector, select Dynamic Text from the Text Type pop-up menu.
2
In the Font pop-up menu, select _sans.
_sans is a device font appropriate for small text that appears on multiple computer platforms.
For more information about device fonts, see “Using device fonts (horizontal text only),”
under Help > Using Flash.
3
In the Point Size text box, type 12.
4
Click the Text (fill) Color box and select yellow, with a hexadecimal value of FFCC00.
5
In the Line Type pop-up menu, select Multiline, which is for multiple lines of text that will wrap.
Text Type pop-up menu
Font pop-up menu
Point Size text box
Line Type pop-up menu
6
On the Stage, click below the logo. Drag the pointer to create a text field the width of the logo
text and the approximate depth of the vertical line that’s grouped with the logo, as shown in
the following illustration.
39
7
In the Property inspector, type textField in the Var text box.
The text file that will load into the dynamic text field, as seen in the following illustration,
includes text that names the variable: textField=. When you enter this name in the Var text
box, you are naming the variable that the movie should load.
Use the loadVariables action to load text
The loadVariables action includes a parameter to specify the path to the variable text. The text
is in a file named copy.txt, within your Tutorials/FlashIntro/Assets folder.
1
In the Timeline, add a new layer and name it Actions. If necessary, drag the Actions layer to
the top of the Timeline.
A good practice is to keep actions on the top layer in a Timeline.
2
If the Actions panel is not open, choose Window > Actions. Enlarge the Actions panel, if
necessary, by clicking the white arrow in the title bar to expand the window, and by dragging
the lower right corner of the panel to view the Actions toolbox and Script pane.
The type of Actions panel that is displayed depends on the object to which you’re adding an
action. If you’ve selected a frame, for example, the Actions panel displays actions for frames. If
you’ve selected a button, the Actions panel displays actions for buttons.
40
Chapter 1
3
Click the control in the upper right corner of the panel title bar to display the options menu.
Verify that Normal Mode, rather than Expert Mode, is selected.
Expert mode offers features useful to those experienced with ActionScript. In normal mode,
parameter fields and controls guide you in creating ActionScript.
Options menu control
Actions toolbox
4
Script pane
In the Actions toolbox, choose Actions > Browser/Network, then double-click loadVariables.
The ActionScript is added to the Script pane. Parameters for the action appear above the
Script pane.
41
5
In the URL text box, type the path to the text file: ../assets/copy.txt.
Test your movie
• Save your movie, then choose Control > Test movie.
You can also press Control+Enter (Windows) or Command+Return (Macintosh).
Add animation and navigation to buttons
When you specify that a new symbol is a button, Flash creates the Timeline for the button states.
In the Creating Buttons lesson, you learned how to change the fill color of a shape within a
button state. In this section, you’ll learn more about modifying buttons, including adding
animation to a button.
Specifically, in this section you’ll learn how to complete the following tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Import a library from another FLA file
Align buttons
Add animation to a button state
Add navigation to a button to link to a Web site
Use the Enable Simple Buttons feature
Add button navigation
42
Chapter 1
Import the library of another FLA file
The buttons that you’ll use in your movie reside in the library of another FLA file. To use the
buttons, you open the FLA file containing the buttons as a library.
1
With your Library panel open, choose File > Open as Library. Browse within your Flash MX
application folder to the Tutorials/FlashIntro/Assets folder and double-click buttons.fla.
The library for the buttons.fla file appears in addition to the library for your document.
Align buttons
You can align the three buttons along horizontal and vertical axes using the Align panel.
1
In the Timeline, with the Copy layer selected, add a new layer and name it Buttons. Lock all
the layers except the Buttons layer.
2
In the Stage View pop-up menu, on the right above the Stage, enter 150% to enlarge your view
of the Stage. Then scroll to the lower right side of the Stage.
3
Drag Button 1 from the buttons.fla Library panel and place it under the lower right corner of
the dynamic text field.
When you drag a button from the buttons.fla Library panel, the button becomes part of the
library for your document.
43
4
Drag Button 2 and Button 3 from the buttons.fla Library panel, placing them to the left of
Button 1. Use the approximate spacing shown in the following illustration:
5
With the Arrow tool, drag to select all three buttons.
6
To open the Align panel, choose Window > Align. Verify that To Stage is not selected. You do
not want to align the buttons relative to the Stage. Click Align Vertical Center, and then click
Distribute Horizontal Center.
Align Vertical Center
To Stage
Distribute Horizontal Center
The buttons align on the Stage.
Enable simple buttons
When the Enable simple buttons feature is active, you can hear the sounds included with Buttons
2 and 3, and you can view the colors used for the button states. More complex button design,
such as animation, does not play.
1
Choose Control > Enable Simple Buttons, then roll over and click each button.
The right button, Button 1, is not finished. You will modify that button next.
2
44
When you finish testing the buttons, choose Control > Enable Simple Buttons to deselect
that feature.
Chapter 1
Modify a button state
You’ll create a movie clip within the Over state of Button 1, then create a shape tween in the
movie clip. The shape tween creates an effect that changes the color from gray to red.
1
On the Stage, double-click the right button, Button 1, to open symbol-editing mode.
2
In the Button 1 Timeline, hide all layers except the Color layer. In the Color layer, select the
Over keyframe.
3
On the Stage, select the black oval shape for the right button. Press F8 to make the oval a
symbol. In the Convert to Symbol dialog box, name the symbol Button Animation. Select
Movie Clip, and click OK.
4
On the Stage, double-click the Button Animation symbol to open symbol-editing mode.
5
Rename Layer 1 Color Change, and add a keyframe to Frame 15.
6
With the playhead still on Frame 15, select the button shape on Stage and choose a bright
shade of red from the Fill Color pop-up menu in the toolbox.
7
In the Timeline, click any frame between Frames 1 and 13. In the Property inspector, select
Shape from the Tween pop-up menu.
Drag the playhead from frames 1 to 15 to see the color change.
Add actions to buttons
When the user clicks the button and the tweened animation plays, you want the playhead to
move to the end of the Button Animation Timeline, then stop. You use ActionScript, the Flash
scripting language, to control playhead movement in a Timeline.
1
Add a new layer to the Button Animation Timeline and name it Actions.
2
On the Actions layer, add a keyframe to Frame 15.
3
If the Actions panel is not open, choose Window > Actions. Enlarge the panel, if necessary, to
view both the Actions toolbox and the Script pane.
45
4
With Frame 15 of the Actions layer selected, go to the Actions > Movie Control category of the
Actions toolbox and double-click stop.
The stop action lets you specify that the playhead will stop when it reaches Frame 15.
In the Button Animation Timeline, Frame 15 of the Actions layer now displays a small a,
which indicates that an action is attached to that frame.
Add button navigation
You use the getURL action to add navigation to a button that opens a Web site.
46
1
Choose Edit > Edit Document or click Scene 1 to return to the main movie.
2
On the Stage, click Button 1, the right button.
3
In the Actions panel, choose Actions > Browser/Network and double-click getURL.
4
In the URL text box, type any complete URL, such as http://www.macromedia.com.
Chapter 1
5
In the Window pop-up menu, select _blank to launch a new browser window when the user
clicks Button 1.
6
Save your file, then choose Control > Test movie. Click Button 1 to go to the Web site you
specified in step 4.
7
Close the browser and the SWF file, and then return to the Flash authoring environment. If
desired, you can select Button 2 on the Stage and repeat steps 3 through 7 to link it to a
different Web site, then repeat the steps for Button 3. When you finish linking the buttons,
close the Actions panel.
When a movie is downloading from an Internet source, a streaming sound can begin to play as
soon as the beginning of the sound file has downloaded. Such sounds are especially suited for
continuous background sounds.
Event sounds must download completely and load into RAM before playing; event sounds are
useful for buttons. In this section, you’ll learn how to accomplish the following tasks:
• Add a streaming sound to your movie
• Add an event sound to a button
47
Add a streaming sound
You can include sound in your movie by dragging the sound to the Stage. You’ll add background
music that streams and plays for a specified number of times.
1
In the Timeline, with the Buttons layer selected, add a new layer and name it Sounds.
2
Choose File > Import. Within your Flash MX application folder, browse to Tutorials/
FlashIntro/Assets and click track1.mp3. Control-click (Windows) or Command-click
(Macintosh) to add ping.mp3 to the selection, then click Open.
The files are imported into the library.
3
With the Sounds layer selected, drag the track1.mp3 sound from the Library panel to the Stage.
In the Timeline, a small representation of sound waves appears in the frame.
4
In the Timeline, select the first frame of the Sounds layer. In the Property inspector, type 999
in the Loop text box to specify the number of times the sound can play continuously.
Test the movie
1
Save your file, then choose Control > Test Movie to hear the sound.
2
When you finish playing the movie, click the movie’s close box.
Add an event sound to a button
In addition to dragging a sound to the Stage, you can select a sound from the Property inspector.
You will use this method to add an event sound to a button.
As you learned in the Creating Buttons lesson, when you create a button symbol, Flash creates
frames for the different button states in relation to the mouse pointer. The Over frame, for
example, represents the button’s state when the pointer is over the button. Other button frames/
states are Up, Down, and Hit.
Now you’ll add an event sound to a button, which causes the sound to play during the Over state.
Because you’re adding the sound to the button symbol in the library, not just to an instance of the
symbol, the sound will play for each instance of the button.
48
1
In the Library panel, double-click the Button 1 instance to open symbol-editing mode.
2
In the Timeline for Button 1, add a new layer and name the new layer Sound.
3
Select the Over frame (Frame 2) of the Sound layer and choose Insert > Keyframe or press F6.
4
To define the sound properties, click Frame 2 of the Sound layer. In the Property inspector,
select Ping.mp3 from the Sound pop-up menu. Verify that Event is selected in the Sync
pop-up menu.
5
Save your document and choose Control > Test Movie to hear the button sounds. When you
finish viewing the SWF file, close its window to return to the document.
Chapter 1
Organize your Library panel
You currently have quite a few assets in your Library panel. To keep these assets organized, easy to
find, and categorized by type, you’ll create folders, then move the assets into the folders.
Tip: Keeping your library panel organized is a good practice for any movie that you author, especially because others
working on the same file can then locate assets easily.
1
If the Library panel is not open, choose Window > Library.
2
Expand and enlarge the window, as necessary, to view all the assets in the Library panel. At the
bottom of the Library panel, click the New Folder button four times, to create four new folders.
3
Double-click the name of untitled folder 1, and rename it Car Animation Movie Clips. Then
press Enter or Return.
4
Rename the other three folders Sounds, Artwork, and Buttons.
5
Drag View 1 Car, View 2 Car, View 3 Car, and Car Animation to the Car Animation Movie
Clips folder.
6
Drag ping.mp3 and track1.mp3 to the Sounds folder.
7
Drag view1.png, view2.png, and view3.png to the Artwork folder.
49
50
8
Drag Button 1, Button 2, and Button 3 to the Buttons folder. With the Buttons folder
selected, click New Folder again to create a subfolder with the Buttons folder.
9
Name the new folder Button Movie Clips, then drag the remaining button movie clip assets to
this folder.
10
Close the Library panel and save your document.
Chapter 1
Test download performance and publish the movie
To complete your document, you will use the Publish command to create a Web-compatible
movie with the SWF extension.
If you use the Publish command with the default settings, Flash prepares your file for the Web.
Flash will Publish the SWF and create an HTML file with the tags necessary to display the SWF.
Once you define the necessary Publish Settings options, you can repeatedly export to all selected
formats at once by simply choosing File > Publish. Flash stores the publish settings you specify
with the document, so each movie can have its own settings.
In this section, you’ll learn how to complete the following tasks:
•
•
•
•
Use the Bandwidth Profiler to test movie download performance
Publish your movie in one step
Review and modify publish settings
View your movie in a Web browser
Test movie download performance
For a Flash movie to play correctly over the Internet, a frame must download before the movie
reaches that frame. If the movie reaches a frame that hasn’t downloaded yet, it pauses until the
data arrives. The low bandwidth of Flash files promotes fast downloads.
You can use the Bandwidth Profiler to test your movie and identify where pauses might occur.
The Bandwidth Profiler graphically shows how much data is sent from each frame in the movie,
according to the selected modem speed.
1
Save your document and choose Control > Test Movie.
2
From the Debug menu, select a modem speed to determine the download rate that Flash
will simulate.
You can also choose Customize to enter a download rate.
51
3
Choose View > Bandwidth Profiler to see the SWF with a download performance chart.
The shaded bar represents the first and only frame in your main movie. Movies with multiple
frames will have multiple shaded bars. The height of the bar represents the frame’s size in bytes
and kilobytes. Bars that extend above the red line, especially if the bar represents a frame other
than the first frame, indicate there could be delays in movie playback. You can optimize your
movie for faster downloads. For details, see “Optimizing movies” under Help > Using Flash.
4
When you finish viewing the Bandwidth Profiler, choose View > Bandwidth Profiler to
deselect it. Close the SWF window to return to the authoring environment.
Use the Publish command
You can publish your Flash document for Web playback in one step.
• With your document saved, choose File > Publish.
Flash publishes your movie by creating a SWF file, and possibly additional files, based on the
attributes in the Publish Settings dialog box. You’ll find the published files, by default, in the
same folder where you saved your FLA.
52
Chapter 1
View publish settings
Using the Publish Settings dialog box, it’s easy to reconfigure the way your file publishes.
1
To view your publish settings, choose File > Publish Settings.
Flash is configured, by default, to create a supporting HTML file that displays the Flash movie.
When you select a format that requires additional settings, a new tab appears.
2
On the Formats tab, verify that Flash (.swf ) and HTML (.html) are selected. Click the Flash tab.
By default, the movie publishes for the Flash Player. The publishing process also applies movie
and JPEG compression.
3
Click the HTML tab.
By default, the publishing process creates an HTML document that inserts your SWF file in a
browser window. Settings on the HTML tab of the Publish Settings dialog box determine how
the movie appears in the browser.
Change publish settings
By default, Flash gives the SWF file the same name as the FLA file. You can tell Flash to change
the name.
1
On the Formats tab of the Publish Settings dialog box, deselect Use Default Names.
2
In the HTML (.html) text box, select the existing text and type a new name, such as
stilettoElectric.html. Then click Publish. When the Publishing status window closes, click OK
in the Publish Settings dialog box.
53
View your published movie in a browser
You can view the HTML file and SWF movie, which you just published, in your browser.
1
Open your browser, then open the HTML file that you created.
By default, the HTML file is in the same folder as your FLA file.
When you open the HTML file, the SWF movie plays within your browser.
2
In your browser, you can use a command such as View > Page Source or View > Source
to view the HTML.
OBJECT
and EMBED tags ensure that the SWF movie is displayed within the browser.
The next steps
By completing all eight sections of the tutorial, you’ve learned much about creating Flash movies,
including how to complete the following tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Analyze a completed movie
Define document properties and create a gradient
Load dynamic text
Modify buttons and add navigation
Test and publish a movie
Continue learning more about Flash capabilities by taking the Introduction to ActionScript
Tutorial under Help > Tutorials. Designed for ActionScript novices, the tutorial introduces you to
scripting concepts while allowing you to build a jigsaw puzzle with actions. Additionally, you can
search for articles and Tech Notes about Flash MX in the Macromedia award-winning Support
Center. To access the site, go to www.macromedia.com and click Support.
54
Chapter 1
CHAPTER 2
Introduction to ActionScript Tutorial
ActionScript is the scripting language of Macromedia Flash MX. A scripting language is a way to
communicate with a program; you can use it to tell Flash what to do and to ask Flash what is
happening as a movie runs. This two-way communication lets you create interactive movies. In
this tutorial, you will examine the tasks involved in creating an interactive jigsaw puzzle.
This tutorial is designed for Flash users who are ActionScript beginners but who want to work
toward advanced abilities. You should already be familiar with basic actions and know how to
assign them in the Actions panel. To get the most out of this tutorial, you should first complete
the Introduction to Flash MX Tutorial, under Help > Tutorials. You should also be comfortable
with the concepts presented in “Writing Scripts with ActionScript” and “Creating Interaction
with ActionScript,” under Help > Using Flash.
This tutorial takes approximately one hour to complete, depending upon your experience, and
will teach you how to do the following tasks:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Initialize the movie
Save and retrieve information
Display information in a dynamic text box
Write an expression
Control the flow of the movie
Create commands and reuse code
Use a built-in object
Test the movie
55
View a completed movie
Before you begin work on your own movie, view a completed version of this tutorial to get an
idea of what you’ll create. Additionally, the completed tutorial lets you examine the Timeline,
Movie Explorer, Stage, and Actions panel to understand authoring practices.
1
Within your Flash MX application folder, browse to Tutorials/ActionScript/Finished.
Double-click puzzle.swf to open the completed movie in the stand-alone Flash Player.
2
In the puzzle.swf movie, click the OK button.
The puzzle pieces scramble.
3
Click all the Show/Hide buttons.
Notice how the different patterns and piece numbers are displayed to guide you in completing
the puzzle.
4
Click a puzzle piece and drag it to the solution area.
The piece snaps into place.
5
Shift-click a puzzle piece.
The piece number appears in the circle under the solution area. You can match the piece
number to its location in the piece number guide if you get stuck.
6
Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Macintosh) a puzzle piece.
The piece rotates clockwise.
7
56
When you finish viewing the SWF file, you can either close the window or leave it open to
serve as a reference.
Chapter 2
Analyze the puzzle.fla file
It’s helpful to analyze the completed FLA file to determine how the author put it together and
where the ActionScript elements are located.
1
In Flash, choose File > Open. Within your Flash MX application folder, browse to Tutorials/
ActionScript/Finished and open the puzzle.fla file.
You now see the completed tutorial movie in the authoring environment.
2
To see all the contents on the Stage, choose View > Magnification > Show Frame.
The movie contains only one frame, displayed in the main Timeline of the puzzle.fla file. You
will use ActionScript to show and hide the various dialog boxes and pattern guides that appear
in the puzzle.
3
To resize the Timeline and Stage, drag the bar that separates the Stage from the Timeline up
and down. Scroll through the Timeline to see how the layers are organized.
Move this bar to resize the Timeline.
4
To see the dialog boxes and guides on the Stage in the authoring environment, click the red X
in the Eye column to the right of a layer’s name. A red X indicates a hidden layer.
You click in the Lock column to lock a layer, which prevents it from being selected. This is
useful if you are selecting an item on the Stage that is underneath an item in another layer. The
Outline column, indicated by a square above the column, turns on outlines of all the elements
in a layer; this can make it easier to see shape edges and can cause Flash to work faster.
57
5
Select Frame 1 of the Actions layer.
Frame 1 has a lowercase a, which indicates actions are associated with the frame.
To add an ActionScript element to a movie, you must assign it to either a button, a frame, or a
movie clip. Frame scripts are indicated by a lowercase a on a frame in the Timeline. To locate
button and movie clip scripts, do one of the following:
• Open the Actions panel and select a script from the Jump bar—the pop-up list under the
Actions panel title bar.
• Select buttons and movie clips on the Stage with the Actions panel open.
• Use the filtering buttons or the Find text box to search for the scripts in the Movie Explorer.
6
If you used the Movie Explorer in the previous step and did not open the Actions panel, open
the Actions panel now (choose Window > Actions).
Expand the panel, if necessary, to see the actions attached to the frame.
The Actions panel has two modes, normal and expert. This tutorial explains how to add
actions in normal mode.
View actions in the Movie Explorer
1
To locate all of the actions in the movie, use the Movie Explorer. If it’s not open, select
Window > Movie Explorer.
In the Movie Explorer, deselect all the filtering buttons except the ActionScript button. In
addition to the actions in Frame 1 of the Actions layer, actions are also included in each of the
Show/Hide buttons, the buttons in the various dialogs boxes that appear, and each puzzle piece.
2
58
Select File > Close to close the puzzle.fla movie when you’re finished. Do not save changes to
the finished file.
Chapter 2
Initialize the movie
All movies have an initial state. This shows how a movie looks before it runs and anyone interacts
with it. Sometimes you must set variables and movie clip properties to establish this first state. For
example, in the puzzle.fla file, certain dialog boxes and pattern guides must be hidden in the
initial state.
Each movie clip in a Flash movie has a set of qualities, or properties, that you can manipulate with
ActionScript. Each of those properties is identified by a name preceded by an underscore (_)
character. For example, each movie clip has an _xscale property, a _yscale property, and a
_rotation property, among others.
ActionScript uses variables to store information. For example, the variable myName might hold the
value "Jody Singer". You can learn more about variables in the section “Save and retrieve
information” on page 64.
You initialize properties and variables in the first frame of a movie. You can assign a frame action in
the Timeline, or attach an object action to a movie clip. In the puzzle movie, the properties of the
pattern guide and dialog box movie clips are initialized in the first frame of the main Timeline.
Open the starting file
Now you’re ready to create your own version of the tutorial movie.
1
Choose File > Open.
2
In the Flash MX application folder, browse to Tutorials/ActionScript/My_Puzzle and open
mypuzzle.fla.
3
If you receive a font substitution message, click Use Default.
You see a partially completed tutorial movie. The movie may look finished because all the
symbols are in place on the Stage. However, you’ll still need to add quite a few scripts to make
the movie interactive.
4
Choose File > Save As and save the file with a new and sequential name, such as mypuzzle2.fla,
in the same folder as mypuzzle.fla.
Making a copy of the file allows you or another user to complete the tutorial again using the
original mypuzzle.fla file. Additionally, if you regularly save your file with a new and sequential
name, you can revert to an earlier file if you make an error that you’re not able to resolve in
your current file.
59
Set movie clip properties
The puzzle.fla movie has three dialog boxes: one alerts you when the puzzle is completed, and the
other two ask if you want to scramble the puzzle pieces. Additionally, several patterns and guides
overlay the solution area to help users solve the puzzle. Each of these dialog boxes, patterns, and
guides is a movie clip.
To initialize the movie, you must hide several of the movie clips so that only the start dialog box
and the puzzle pieces are showing. You’ll do this by setting their _visible properties to false.
1
Select Frame 1 in the Actions layer. If the Actions panel isn’t open, choose Window > Actions.
The Actions panel shows actions associated with the selected frame. Text after double slashes
(//) is commented text, which offers information helpful in understanding the scripts.
2
Click the pop-up menu in the upper right corner of the Actions panel title bar. Verify that the
options Normal Mode and View Line Numbers are selected.
3
Click the pop-up menu in the Actions panel title bar again and select Auto Format Options. In
the dialog box that appears, verify that no options are selected. (If an option is selected, deselect it).
Note: This tutorial refers to specific line numbers in the ActionScript. If auto format options are selected, the line
numbers in your tutorial FLA file might not match the line numbers referred to in the tutorial.
4
In the Script pane, click line 4 to select the commented code that reads //
ENTER code here.
5
From the Actions > Miscellaneous Actions category in the Actions toolbox on the left,
double-click the evaluate action to add an empty line of code ending with a semicolon.
(If the Expert Mode Warning dialog box appears, click OK).
A semicolon (;) in an ActionScript statement is like a period (.) in an ordinary sentence.
60
Chapter 2
6
With the insertion point in the Expression text box of the Actions panel, click the Insert Target
Path button.
The Insert Target Path dialog box appears.
7
Verify that Dots, meaning dots notation, and Absolute, meaning absolute path, are selected.
In the dialog box, you see a list of movie clips from which you can select.
8
Select the edges movie clip from the movie clip tree, then click OK.
The following code appears in the Expression text box:
_root.edges
A target path tells ActionScript the location of a movie clip within the overall structure of a
Flash movie. The _root property refers to the main Timeline and the edges movie clip lives
on the Stage of the main Timeline. Any target path that begins with _root is called an absolute
path because it gives the complete path to a movie clip from the main Timeline.
9
With the insertion point after _root.edges, enter ._visible = false in the Expression text box.
This line of code makes the movie clip invisible on the Stage.
You can type the code manually, or you can choose ActionScript items from the Properties and
Operators folders in the Actions toolbox.
If you make an error entering an action and decide you’d like to delete it, select the action in
the Script pane and click the Minus (-) button in the Actions panel.
10
In the Actions toolbox, again double-click the evaluate action to add an empty line of code
ending with a semicolon. Repeat steps 5 and 6, then choose the pattern movie clip in the
Insert Target Path dialog box. Repeat Step 8, again typing ._visible = false in the Expression
text box.
61
11
Continue to repeat steps 4 through 8, choosing the image, piecenumbers, scramblebutton,
areYouSure, and congrats movie clips in the Insert Target Path dialog box, and typing
._visible = false for each movie clip.When you finish, your script should appear as follows:
12
Choose File > Save As and enter a new filename. Use a consecutive naming scheme, such as
mypuzzle3.fla, so you can revert to earlier versions of the file, if necessary.
Use the Reference panel
During authoring, if you’d like additional information about the ActionScript that you enter, you
can select the action in the Actions toolbox or Script pane, then click the Reference button. The
Reference panel, a help system organized similarly to the Actions panel, displays information
about the selected action.
62
Chapter 2
Test your syntax
ActionScript, like written language, depends on correct syntax. If the syntax is incorrect, the
action will not execute correctly. Flash offers a variety of ways for you to test your syntax.
1
Click the options menu in the upper right corner of the Actions panel title bar and choose
Check Syntax.
If the syntax is correct, a message appears stating that the script contains no errors.
If the syntax is incorrect, a message appears stating the script contains errors; the Output
window opens and displays information about the error.
2
Click OK to close the syntax message.
In normal mode, ActionScript syntax errors appear highlighted in red in the Script pane. If you
move your mouse pointer over the error, a tooltip displays the error message. Syntax error
messages also appear highlighted along the bottom status area of the Actions panel.
Additionally, as you learned in the Introduction to Flash MX Tutorial, you can choose Control >
Test Movie throughout authoring to test if your movie plays as expected.
63
Save and retrieve information
To create a complex interactive Flash movie, you need a way for Flash to keep track of
information and user activity: buttons that have been pressed, a user’s name, a score, or what
sections a user has visited. ActionScript uses variables to store pieces of information that you can
retrieve and use again. You can declare a variable in a script on any Timeline and use it in any
other Timeline in the same movie. You must write a target path to a variable in order to use the
variable in a script, just as you must write a target path to use a movie clip in a script.
In the puzzle.fla file, ActionScript uses the dialog variable to keep track of whether or not a
dialog box is visible. When a dialog box appears, the dialog variable is set to true; when a user
clicks a button on a dialog box, the dialog variable is set to false. This variable doesn’t affect the
visibility of the dialog boxes themselves, it is simply a container that holds information that you
can use in scripts throughout the movie. In the puzzle.fla file, if dialog is set to true, a user
cannot move a puzzle piece.
Declare a variable and assign it a value
When you need a variable, you must name it, or declare it. You must also assign it a value. You can
either do both things at once, or you may declare a variable in one statement and then assign it a
value in a later statement.
ActionScript uses three types of variables: local variables, global variables, and Timeline variables.
You can use the var action inside a block of code (designated by curly brackets {}) to create a
local variable, which disappears when the code block finishes running. You can use the set
variable action to create a Timeline variable attached to the Timeline of a movie clip, which can
be used in any script in the document. For more information about variables, see “Understanding
the ActionScript Language” under Help > Using Flash.
The puzzle.fla file uses the var action and the set variable action depending on the situation.
When a variable is only needed within a block of code, the var action is used. The dialog
variable is set and assigned using the set variable action.
Now you’ll declare and assign a value to the dialog variable:
1
Select File > Open and choose the version of mypuzzle.fla that you last saved.
Note: You can also browse to your Flash MX application folder and open Tutorials/ActionScript/Finished/
puzzle2.fla. If you do use the puzzle2.fla file, save the file with a new name in your My_Puzzle folder to maintain
an unadulterated version of the original file.
64
2
Select Frame 1 of the Actions layer. If the Actions panel isn’t open, choose Window > Actions.
3
In the Script pane of the Actions panel, select line 11, which is the last line of code in the
Initialize section. In the Actions toolbox, choose Actions > Variables and double-click the set
variable action.
4
Type dialog in the Variable text box.
Chapter 2
5
Type true in the Value text box. Select Expression, to the right of the Value text box.
By selecting Expression, you are telling Flash that true is not a literal string of characters.
In the movie’s initial state, a dialog box is visible on the Stage. Therefore, the dialog variable
must be set to true at the start of the movie—otherwise, a user can move the puzzle pieces
before they are scrambled.
6
Choose File > Save As and enter a new filename. Use a consecutive naming scheme so you can
revert to earlier versions of the file, if necessary.
Display information in a dynamic text box
Dynamic text boxes can display changing content in a Flash movie. You use the Property
inspector to create a dynamic text box and assign it a variable name. The value of the variable is
displayed in the text field.
In the puzzle.fla file, a dynamic text box displays puzzle piece numbers when a user Shift-clicks a
piece. Now you’ll assign a variable name for the dynamic text box.
1
If necessary, choose File > Open and choose the version of the mypuzzle.fla file that you last saved.
2
In the Timeline, unlock the Piece numbers guide layer if it is locked.
65
3
Double-click the Piece number circle movie clip on the Stage under the lower right corner of
the puzzle solution area.
Piece number circle movie clip
This opens the Piece number circle in symbol-editing mode.
66
4
Select the Text layer in the Timeline. On the Stage, click the center of the Piece number circle
to select the text field.
5
If the Property inspector is not open, choose Window > Properties. In the Property inspector,
select Dynamic Text from the Text Type pop-up menu.
6
In the Line Type pop-up menu, verify that Single Line is selected.
Chapter 2
7
Type _root.pieceNumber in the Var text box and press Enter or Return.
All variables, like functions and movie clips, must be referenced by their paths. The
variable is declared and updated in the RotateDisplayOrDrag function on the
main Timeline, but the variable text box is in the Piece number circle Timeline. When you
enter the full path to the pieceNumber variable, the value updates and displays in the text field
on the Stage whenever the variable’s value changes on the main Timeline.
pieceNumber
8
Either choose Edit > Edit Document, click the Back button, or click Scene 1 to return to the
main Timeline.
9
revert to earlier versions of the file if necessary.
Write an expression
If you’ve added two numbers in a math equation, you’ve used an operator. An operator is a symbol
that performs a task, or operation, on a piece, or pieces, of data, or operands. For example, in the
expression 2 + 2, the plus sign (+) is the operator and each number is an operand.
An expression is any ActionScript code that can be evaluated to produce a single value. For
example, the code myAge + 17 is an expression because when the code runs, ActionScript looks
up the value of the myAge variable, adds it to the number 17, and produces a new single value. If
the value of myAge is 47, the new value would be 64.
Operators allow you to take the information you collect and store in variables and manipulate it
in expressions to create or determine other values. For example, you may know that a user has
dropped a puzzle piece onto the solution area, but how do you determine if the piece is in the
correct place? And if the piece is in the correct place, how do you determine if the puzzle has been
solved? To examine expressions built with arithmetic operators in such a scenario, select Frame 1
of the main Timeline, open the Actions panel, and look at the IsItDone function on line 50.
ActionScript has numeric, or arithmetic, operators, but it also has other types of operators that
perform different types of operations. For example, a comparison operator compares values to
determine if one operand is greater than, less than, or equal to the other, and a logical operator
calculates a true or false value, also called a Boolean value, for an expression.
Now you’ll use an operator called the logical NOT operator to write an expression that shows and
hides the puzzle pattern. The logical NOT operator, which is represented by an exclamation mark
(!), calculates the opposite Boolean value of its operand. For example, the expression !true yields
the value false.
67
1
2
Click the Show/Hide Pattern edges button on the Stage. If the Actions panel isn’t open, choose
Window > Actions.
The Actions panel shows actions associated with the button.
3
Select the following line of code in the Script pane:
//
4
ENTER code here
In the Actions toolbox, choose Actions > Miscellaneous Actions and drag the evaluate action
to the Script pane.
When you add the action, it is enclosed in code called an event handler. The code looks like this:
on (release) {
;
}
5
In the Actions toolbox, double-click the evaluate action to add another empty line of code.
The code now looks like this:
on (release) {
;
;
}
6
Select the first empty line—the line with the first semicolon—and place the insertion point in
the Expression text box.
You’ll now enter code that hides the pattern movie clip; a user should see either the pattern
movie clip or the edges movie clip, but not both.
7
Enter _root.pattern._visible = false in the Expression text box.
You can type the path directly in the Expression text box or use the Insert Target Path dialog
box to select the pattern movie clip. If you use the Insert Target Path dialog box, select Dots
and Absolute.
Note: As you enter parameters and properties in normal mode, you might notice code hints—tooltips that appear
suggesting the complete syntax for an action; you can click a code hint to enter the syntax. For more information
about code hints, include enabling and disabling them, see “Using code hints” under Help > Using Flash.
68
Chapter 2
8
Select the second empty line and place the insertion point in the Expression text box.
9
Type _root.edges._visible = ! in the Expression text box.
Ignore the syntax error message that appears.
The exclamation mark (!) is a logical NOT operator. In addition to simply typing it in the
Expressions text box, you can add it to the text box from the Actions toolbox by choosing
Operators > Logical Operators and double-clicking the exclamation mark.
10
Enter _root.edges._visible again in the Expression text box after the operator.
Your code should look like this:
on (release){
_root.pattern._visible = false;
_root.edges._visible = !_root.edges._visible;
}
The first line of code inside the event handler sets the visibility of the pattern movie clip to
false. The second line of code sets the visibility of the edges movie clip to the opposite of
what it currently is. This creates a toggle that either shows or hides the movie clip.
11
69
Control the flow of the movie
Without ActionScript, a movie plays from Frame 1 to the last frame and either repeats from
Frame 1 or stops. You can use ActionScript to control the progression of a movie more precisely;
you can also use it to give the user control. For example, you could place an action in Frame 5
that stops the movie until a user presses a Play button. This is a simple example of controlling the
flow of a movie.
You can use the if, else, and else if actions (also called statements) to create a more complex
movie flow called logic. These three actions perform the following tasks:
• The if action lets Flash check a condition in the movie and run certain actions if that
condition is true.
• The else statement tells Flash to run a different set of actions if the if condition is false.
• The else if statement lets Flash check for another condition before running yet a different
set of actions.
Write a conditional statement
You’ve already used an operator to show and hide a movie clip. Now you’ll use an if statement to
create logic that shows and hides the piece numbers movie clip. For the sake of learning, this
example uses a different ActionScript element to achieve the same result.
1
2
On the Stage, click the Show/Hide Piece number matrix button. If the Actions panel
isn’t open, choose Window > Actions. In the Actions toolbox, choose the Actions >
Conditions/Loops category.
3
Double-click the if action. The following code appears in the Actions panel:
on (release) {
if (<not set yet>) {
}
}
4
With the line of code that contains the if action selected, double-click the else action in the
Actions toolbox.
The code looks like the following:
on (release) {
} else {
}
}
5
Select line 3, which begins with if, and with the insertion point in the Condition text box,
click the Insert Target Path button. Select the piecenumbers movie clip, Dots, and Absolute,
and click OK. The following code appears in the Condition text box:
_root.piecenumbers
6
70
With the insertion point in the Condition text box, enter ._visible after
_root.piecenumbers.
Chapter 2
7
From the Actions > Miscellaneous Actions category in the Actions toolbox, double-click the
evaluate action to add an empty line of code.
8
Enter _root.piecenumbers._visible = false in the Expression text box.
You can use the Insert Target Path button or type the code manually. The code now looks like
the following:
on (release) {
if (_root.piecenumbers._visible) {
_root.piecenumbers._visible = false;
} else {
}
}
When the movie plays, Flash evaluates the expression inside the condition parentheses. The
expression must equal one of the Boolean values: true or false. This example uses the
condition of the if action to check if the piecenumbers movie clip is visible on the Stage. If
the _visible property is true, ActionScript runs the code inside the curly brackets and sets
the _visible property to false, which hides the movie clip on the Stage.
9
In the Script pane, select the line of code with the else action and double-click the
evaluate action.
10
Enter _root.piecenumbers._visible = true in the Expression text box.
The final ActionScript code looks like this:
on (release) {
if (_root.piecenumbers._visible) {
_root.piecenumbers._visible = false;
} else {
_root.piecenumbers._visible = true;
}
}
11
revert to earlier versions of the file if necessary.
Create commands and reuse code
ActionScript has actions that let you control a movie in specific ways. For example, the play
action moves the playhead forward in the Timeline, and the loadMovie action loads another
Flash movie into the Flash Player. Each of these actions instructs Flash to perform a certain task.
You may want to create your own commands in your movies. For example, in puzzle.fla, you need
a command to scramble the puzzle pieces. To figure out how to write such a command with
ActionScript, you must determine each step required to scramble the puzzle pieces and determine
which ActionScript elements can be used to achieve those goals.
First, the pieces must be spread out within a certain area on the Stage; each movie clip has an _x
and _y property that you can use to set its position and a _rotation property that you can use to
set its rotation. To place and rotate each piece randomly, you need to generate a random number
to use in an expression. ActionScript has a built-in Math object with a random method that you
can use for this purpose.
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A command in ActionScript is called a function. A function is a script that you can use over and
over again in a movie to perform a certain task. For example, in puzzle.fla, every time a user clicks
a Scramble Pieces button, the function Scramble is run, or called. This function places the puzzle
pieces in random positions on the Stage. Instead of rewriting that same script on each of the two
Scramble Pieces buttons, the function is written, or declared, once and called from each button.
To examine the Scramble function, select Frame 1 in the main Timeline and open the Actions
panel. Scroll down the Script pane until you see the Scramble function.
You can think of a function as a machine that does extra work for you. The machine can produce
different results depending on what you put into it. For example, if you put bananas in a blender,
you get mashed bananas, not mashed peaches. The elements you pass to a function to work on are
called parameters or arguments. Parameters are passed inside the parentheses that follow the
function. For example, the function RotateDisplayOrDrag(whichPiece) is passed the name of
a puzzle piece, and it operates only on that piece. Parameters allow you to reuse functions in many
different situations.
Functions are usually declared in the first frame of a movie. In the puzzle.fla files, the functions
are declared in Frame 1.
Write a function
Now you’ll declare a function that will rotate, display, or drag each puzzle piece when the user
clicks it.
1
2
Select the first frame of the Actions layer and open the Actions panel if it’s not already open.
3
Scroll down the Script pane and select line 31. The following commented line should
be highlighted:
// ENTER RotateDisplayOrDrag() function here
4
From the Actions > User Defined Functions category in the Actions toolbox, double-click the
function action.
Type RotateDisplayOrDrag in the Name text box. Type whichPiece in the Parameters text
box. The code for line 32 now looks like this:
function RotateDisplayOrDrag (whichPiece) {
}
The whichPiece parameter, which identifies the selected puzzle piece, will be called three
times in the body of the function. When the function is called, the passed parameter is
substituted for whichPiece in each statement.
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Chapter 2
5
From the Actions > Conditions/Loop category in the Actions toolbox, double-click the if
action, the else if action, and the else action.
Note: You can also select the actions from the Plus (+) pop-up menu
The code looks like this:
} else if (<not set yet>) {
} else {
}
}
This code creates the logical structure of the function. You will fill in the conditions to be
checked in each if statement. You will also fill in the code within each set of curly brackets
that is executed when the conditions are true.
6
Select the if statement line of code. Enter Key.isDown(18) in the Condition text box.
Key is a built-in ActionScript object, which you can also find in the Objects > Movie >
Key > Methods category. Key lets you determine what key a user pressed on the keyboard.
The number 18 is the numerical representation of the Alt (Windows) and Option (Macintosh)
keys. This line of code checks whether a user pressed those keys.
To learn more about built-in objects, see “Use a built-in object” on page 76.
7
From the Actions > Miscellaneous Actions category in the Actions toolbox, double-click the
evaluate action to enter a new line of code. Type _root[whichPiece]._rotation += 90 in the
Expression text box, with no space between the + and =.
This line of code rotates the selected piece 90° if the user presses the Alt (Windows) or Option
(Macintosh) key. The brackets let you dynamically retrieve the value of an instance name. For
more information, see “Dot and array access operators” under Help > Using Flash.
8
Select the else
if
line of code. Type Key.isDown(Key.SHIFT) in the Condition text box.
This line of code checks whether a user pressed the Shift key.
9
In the Actions > Miscellaneous Actions category in the Actions toolbox, double-click the
evaluate action to enter a new line of code. Type pieceNumber = whichPiece.slice(5) in the
Expression text box.
This line of code displays the piece number in the text box on the Stage when a user presses the
Shift key. The slice method of the String object removes a specified number of characters (in
this case, 5) from the piece number’s instance, so that just the number of the piece appears. In
effect, the method “slices” off the first five characters, then assigns the resulting number to the
pieceNumber variable, which is in turn assigned to the text field on the Stage.
10
Select the else line of code. In the Actions > Movie Clip Control category in the Actions
toolbox, double-click the startDrag action.
11
Type _root[whichPiece] in the Target text box and click Expression.
73
12
Select Constrain to rectangle. Type 20 in the L (left) and T (top) text boxes. In the R (right)
and B (bottom) text boxes, type 780 and 580, respectively.
The word false in the script indicates that lockCenter (which indicates that the puzzle piece
will always snap to the center of the mouse pointer when clicked) is not specified. The
numbers 20, 20, 780, and 580 specify the left, top, right, and bottom coordinates of the text
box on the Stage.
When a user clicks a piece, the following function that you wrote is called. The function uses the
Key object to determine if the Shift, Alt, or Option key is pressed when a piece is clicked. If the
Shift key is pressed while a piece is clicked, a dynamic text box displays the puzzle piece number;
if the key pressed is Alt (Windows) or Option (Mac), the puzzle piece rotates 90°. If Shift, Alt, or
Option keys are not pressed, the user can drag the piece. Your code should look like this:
if (Key.isDown(18)) {
_root[whichPiece]._rotation += 90;
} else if (Key.isDown(Key.SHIFT)) {
pieceNumber = whichPiece.slice(5);
} else {
startDrag(_root[whichPiece],false, 20, 20, 780, 580);
}
}
Call a function
Functions can be called from any frame in a movie where you need a task completed. You must
use a target path to call a function, just as you must use a path to access a variable or a movie clip.
All functions in the puzzle.fla movie are declared in the first frame of the Actions layer, in the
main Timeline, so the absolute path to each begins with _root.
Now you’ll call the function that scrambles the puzzle pieces on the Stage.
1
74
In the Timeline, hide the Scramble dialog and Start dialog layers, if they’re not already hidden.
Select the Congrats dialog layer.
Chapter 2
2
On the Stage, double-click the Dialog—Congratulations symbol.
Dialog—Congratulations
symbol
3
On the Stage, select the OK button. If the Actions panel isn’t open, choose Window > Actions.
4
In the Actions > User-Defined Functions category of the Actions toolbox, double-click the
call function action.
5
With the insertion point in the Object text box of the Actions panel, click the Insert Target
Path button. Verify Dots and Absolute are selected. Select _root and click OK.
6
Type Scramble in the Method text box.
The Scramble function doesn’t require any parameters; you can leave the Parameters text
box empty.
The code now looks like this:
on (release) {
_root.Scramble();
}
This is the ActionScript that calls the function. You’ll also need to add a few additional lines of
code that belong inside the on(release) handler. You’ll do that in the next steps.
With the _root.Scramble... line of code selected in the Script pane, double-click evaluate
from the Actions > Miscellaneous Actions category in the Actions toolbox. Type
_root.scramblebutton._visible = true in the Expression text box.
75
7
Double-click the evaluate action again, to add another blank line. Type _root.dialog = false
in the Expression text box.
8
From the Actions > Miscellaneous Actions category of the Actions toolbox, double-click the
evaluate action.
9
From the Properties category in the Actions toolbox, double-click _visible. With the
insertion point after _visible, type = 0 in the Expression text box.
This code specifies that the dialog box is not visible after the user clicks the OK button.
The final code appears as follows:
on (release) {
_root.Scramble();
_root.scramblebutton._visible = true;
_root.dialog = false;
_visible = 0
}
10
Do one of the following to return to the main Timeline:
• Click Scene 1.
11
Use a built-in object
ActionScript has variables that let you store information; it has functions that let you create special
commands and reuse code; it has actions that let you control the flow of a movie; and it has movie
clips with properties that you can change.
ActionScript also has another type of element called a built-in object. Objects provide a way of
grouping information so that you can use it in a script. Objects can have properties, methods
(which are like functions), and constants (for example, the numeric value of Pi).
In the RotateDisplayOrDrag function that you created in “Create commands and reuse code”
on page 71, you used the Key object to determine the last key a user pressed on the keyboard. The
Key object is built into ActionScript to allow you to access information about the keyboard.
Another ActionScript object is the MovieClip object. The MovieClip object is a collection of
methods that you can use to manipulate movie clips, which are the most fundamental and
powerful elements of Flash. To learn more about the special characteristics of the MovieClip
object and using movie clips, see “Working with Movie Clips and Buttons” under Help > Using
Flash.
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Chapter 2
You will now use the onPress method of the MovieClip object to check whether the mouse
pointer is touching a puzzle piece.
1
puzzle7.fla. If you do use the puzzle7.fla file, save the file with a new name in your My_Puzzle folder to maintain an
2
Piece actions is a movie clip nested within each instance of a puzzle piece. To select the Piece
actions movie clip from the Library panel hierarchy, click the Edit Symbols button in the lower
right corner of the Timeline and choose Misc > Piece actions.
The Piece actions movie clip opens in symbol-editing mode.
3
In the Piece actions Timeline, select Frame 1 of the Actions layer.
4
If the Actions panel is not already open, choose Window > Actions. In the Script pane, select
line 3 with the following line of code:
// ENTER code here
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5
In the Objects > Movie > MovieClip > Events category of the Actions toolbox, double-click the
onPress action.
The onPress method is a special type of action called an event handler, or simply an event. An
event allows you to write a function that runs when a certain event occurs. Types of events
include when the mouse button is pressed, when the playhead enters a frame, and when a
movie clip loads.
In this procedure, the code within the curly brackets that follow onPress runs when a user
presses the mouse button in the movie.
6
Type _parent in the Object text box.
Because Piece actions is nested within the movie clip, _parent specifies that onPress should
execute on code one level up, at the same level as the puzzle piece.
7
In the Actions > Conditions/Loops category of the Actions toolbox, double-click the if action.
8
Type !_root.dialog in the Condition text box. The code appears as follows:
_parent.onPress = function(){
if (!_root.dialog) {
{
};
The code that you added in this step tests whether the value of the variable named dialog is
true (visible) or false (not visible). If the value is true, then the next script to rotate and drag
the puzzle piece will not run. If the value of the variable is false, then the following script will
run. Users can’t rotate or drag a piece, or display its piece number, if the dialog box is showing.
9
In the Actions toolbox, double-click the evaluate action in the Actions > Miscellaneous
Actions category to add it inside the curly brackets of the if statement.
10
Type _root.RotateDisplayOrDrag(_parent._name) in the Expression box.
_name
is the property for the name of the puzzle piece instance that the user clicks.
The final code looks like this:
_parent.onPress = function(){
if (!_root.dialog) {
_root.RotateDisplayOrDrag(_parent._name);
}
};
11
Do one of the following to return to the main Timeline:
• Click Scene 1.
12
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Chapter 2
Test the movie
“Test early and test often” is a mantra for Web developers. The sooner you test your movie, the
easier it is to determine the cause of unexpected results. It’s a good idea to save multiple versions
of your file using sequential names—for example, mypuzzle1.fla, mypuzzle2.fla, and so on, as
you’ve been doing in this tutorial. This way, the highest numbered file is always the newest and it’s
easy to revert to an earlier version.
As you learned in the Introduction to Flash MX Tutorial, the Flash authoring tool includes a
version of the Flash Player that lets you test your movie at any point during authoring by
choosing Control > Test Movie. This version of the Flash Player has several commands and tools
to help you troubleshoot your movie.
The most common reason for unexpected results in a Flash movie is an incorrect path to a
variable, function, object, or movie clip. This can cause a variable to contain the wrong value,
prevent a function from being called, or prevent a movie clip from playing correctly.
The trace action allows you to write notes and expressions in your scripts whose results are sent
to a window called the Output window.
Now you’ll add a trace action to test if a function was called successfully.
Note: Flash also includes a Debugger, which lets you examine the values of global and local variables, including
when they change as the movie plays. Additionally, with the Debugger you can use breakpoints to stop the movie
and test ActionScript line by line. For more information, see “Using the Debugger” under Help > Using Flash.
1
Choose File > Open and choose the version of the mypuzzle.fla file that you last saved.
When the user clicks the OK button in the SWF movie, the puzzle pieces should scramble.
You can use a trace action to test if the Scramble function is being called.
2
In the Actions layer in the Timeline, select Frame 1 and open the Actions panel.
3
In the Script pane, scroll to and select line 18, the commented line that says //
action here.
4
In the Actions toolbox, double-click the trace action from the Actions > Miscellaneous
Actions category.
5
Type Scramble function has been called in the Message text box.
enter trace
You are placing this message within the Scramble function.
6
Save your document, then choose Control > Test Movie.
79
7
Click the OK button in the SWF movie.
The Output window appears, which traces events in your movie. Enlarge the window, as
necessary, to read the messages.
The message Scramble function has been called appears in the Output window.
If the message did not appear, your next step would be to determine the reason why. The most
likely reason is that you specified an incorrect path to the function.
8
Close the Output window and SWF file and return to authoring mode.
9
You’ve made great progress in learning ActionScript!
80
Chapter 2
The next steps
By completing the tutorial, you’ve accomplished a great deal in a relatively short amount of time.
You’ve learned how to use ActionScript to set up a Flash movie’s starting point, how to create
commands and reuse code to make actions recur, and how to precisely control the flow of the
movie. Using ActionScript variables and expressions, you know how to keep track of user activity
in your movie and how to display changing content to your users. Finally, you’ve learned how to
test your movie.
To continue learning about ActionScript, see the online ActionScript Dictionary in the Help
menu and articles in the Flash Support Center at www.macromedia.com/support/flash. From the
Samples folder within your Flash MX application folder, you can also open an advanced version
of the puzzle.fla movie and deconstruct the ActionScript that was used to create a timer and
animated puzzle piece.
81
82
Chapter 2
CHAPTER 3
Introduction to Components Tutorial
You can use Macromedia Flash UI components to quickly and easily add simple user interface
elements to your Flash document.
This tutorial is designed to introduce components to beginner and intermediate Flash users and
show how they can be used to easily create a simple application. Before taking this tutorial, you
should complete the Introduction to Flash MX Tutorial and the Introduction to ActionScript
Tutorial, which you can access by choosing Help > Tutorials.
After completing this tutorial, you will know how to do the following tasks:
• Add components to a Flash document
• Configure the components
• Add ActionScript to make the components work
Types of components
Flash MX provides the following components:
Name
Action
Radio button
Represents a single choice in a group of mutually exclusive choices
Check box
Represents a single choice
Push button
Carries out a command when the user clicks it or presses Enter or Return
Combo box
Displays a list of choices
List box
Displays a list of choices
Scroll pane
Provides a scrollable window pane for viewing movie clips
Text scroll bar
Adds a scroll bar to a text field
83
How you can use components
Here are some ways you can use components:
Web form Design a form that asks for a user’s address, telephone, e-mail address, and other
personal information, then validates the data before submitting it to a server.
Create a Web form that allows users to order a car by selecting various graphic
options instead of typing in the information. The fields are generated from the graphical
interactions.
Build your car
Survey Build a multiple-question, multiple-part survey that instantly tallies the results and
charts the resulting survey data.
Create a personal photo album that takes a directory of images and thumbnails
and wraps them with the Flash interface and navigation elements.
Photo album
Loan calculator
Design an online amortization calculator that calculates loan payments.
Create a template for slide-based presentations with simple,
prebuilt navigation elements and a layout for images and text.
Web-based presentation template
View the completed form
You can navigate through components in a form by doing the following:
• Click the component to select it.
• Press Tab to move forward; press Shift+Tab to move backward.
• Use the arrow keys to navigate through menu items.
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1
Choose File > Open and navigate to the Flash MX program directory. Open Tutorials/
Components/Finished/sweepstakes.swf. This is the completed movie.
2
Use the navigation techniques described above to test each of the buttons and boxes on the form.
3
Now open sweepstakes.fla. Choose File > Open and navigate to the Flash MX program
directory. Open Tutorials/Components/Finished/sweepstakes.fla. This is the Flash document
that generated the movie. Two keyframes are included in the Timeline.
4
Examine the frame labeled pg 1. It contains the check box, combo box, and push buttons that are
used to gather information. It also has two input text fields for the user’s name and e-mail address.
5
Examine the frame labeled pg 2. It is the Results page and contains several dynamic text boxes
to show the results of the information gathered on page 1. To save time, we have already
created them for you.
Chapter 3
Create a form
In this tutorial, you will use components to create a simple two-page form to enter a sweepstakes
to win a free Stiletto electric car. The first page is used to gather the information, and the second
page is used to display the results. You will follow these three steps to complete the form:
• Add components to the form
• Configure the components
• Add ActionScript to the document to make the components work
To get you started, we have included the background, text fields, and graphics for the form. You
will add and configure components and ActionScript to make it an interactive form.
Add components
The first step is to add the components to the Stage and place them on the form. You will add a
check box, a combo box, and a push button to the first page of the form. You will also add a push
button to the second page.
To add components to a document, you can either drag elements from the Components panel to
the Stage, or double-click them in the Components panel to place them in the center of the Stage.
After you add a component to a document, it appears in the document’s Library panel.
It is a good idea to create a new layer for the components.
1
Choose File > Open and navigate to the Flash MX program directory. Open Tutorials/
Components/my_sweepstakes/mysweepstakes.fla.
2
Choose File > Save As and save the file with a new name, such as newsweepstakes.
3
Create a new layer and name it UI. You will place the components on this layer.
4
Click Frame 6 in the UI layer of the Timeline. Choose Insert > Blank keyframe to add a blank
keyframe. This will be used for components on the second page.
5
Make sure the following panels are open:
• Library panel (Window > Library)
• Components panel (Window > Components)
• Property inspector (Window > Properties)
Add a check box
Use the CheckBox component to create a box with a value of either true or false.
1
Select Frame 1 in the UI layer.
2
Drag the CheckBox component from the Components panel to the Stage. Place it under the
paragraph that asks if the user wants to enter the sweepstakes.
The component appears in the Flash UI Components folder in the Library panel.
85
Add a combo box
Use the ComboBox component to create a simple drop-down menu of items that can be selected by
users. You can also use a ComboBox to build a more complex drop-down menu that automatically
scrolls to a menu item starting with the letter or letters entered into the text field by the user.
• Drag the ComboBox component from the Components panel to the Stage. Place it under
“Select your favorite color:”.
Add push buttons
Use the PushButton component to create two push buttons. One button will be on the first page
and will be used to submit the information on the form. The next button will be on the second
page and will be used to return to the first page and repopulate it with the values that were
previously submitted.
1
Drag the PushButton component from the Components panel to the Stage. Place it in the
lower right corner of the form so it lines up horizontally with the name and e-mail text fields.
After you have dragged a component from the Components panel to the Stage, you select
additional instances of it from the Library panel.
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Chapter 3
2
Go to the blank keyframe at Frame 6. In the Library panel, open the Flash UI Components
folder and drag the PushButton component from the Library panel to the Stage. Place it in the
lower right corner.
Configure the components
The next step is to configure the components so they are set up with the correct information for a
user to select.
You set the parameters for a component using the Parameters tab of the Property inspector or the
Components Parameters panel.
Advanced users can use API methods and properties for each component to set the parameters, size,
appearance, and other properties of the component. The methods and properties available for each
component element are listed in the ActionScript Dictionary under the name of the component.
Configure the check box
1
Select Frame 1 on the UI layer, then select the CheckBox component on the Stage. Its
parameters are displayed in the Property inspector.
2
Type sweepstakes_box in the Instance Name text box.
3
Type Absolutely! in the Label text box.
4
In the Initial Value Parameter pop-up menu, select True. This specifies whether the initial state
of the CheckBox component is selected (True) or unselected (False).
5
In the Label Placement parameter pop-up menu, leave the default value set to right alignment.
The label will be displayed to the right of the check box.
87
6
Do not alter the Change Handler parameter.
The Change Handler parameter is the function that you want to execute when the user selects
an item. This function must be defined in the same Timeline as the component instance. This
parameter is optional and needs to be specified only if you want an action to take place as soon
as the user accesses a component.
When you finish, the Property inspector should look like the following:
7
In order to see the text you entered for the label on the Stage, you need to enable Live Preview,
if it is not already enabled. Choose Control > Enable Live Preview. After live preview is
enabled, you will see Absolutely next to the checkbox on the Stage.
For more information about using the API methods of the FCheckBox component to set
additional options for the component, see the FCheckBox (component) entry in the online
ActionScript Dictionary in Flash Help.
Configure the combo box
88
1
Select the ComboBox component on the Stage. Its parameters are displayed in the Property
inspector.
2
Type color_box in the Instance Name text box.
3
Make sure the Editable parameter is set to False. This prevents users from typing in their own text.
Chapter 3
4
The Labels parameter displays a list of values users can select. Click the Labels field, then click
the magnifying glass to open the Values pop-up window. Click the Plus (+) button to enter a
new value.
5
Click in the default
6
Click the Plus (+) button to enter the next value. Click in the default
Cobalt for the next value.
7
In the same manner, add Emerald to the list.
value
field, then type Lightning for the first value.
value
field, then type
When you are finished, the Values pop-up window should look like the following:
8
Click OK to close the Values pop-up window.
The Data parameter is optional. It is used to specify the values associated with the items
(labels) in the list box. There is no need to do that for this tutorial.
89
9
The Row Count parameter specifies how many rows are displayed in the window. Since there
are three options, change the value to 3.
There is no need to enter a Change Handler parameter name.
When you are finished, the Property inspector should look like the following:
For more information about using API methods to change additional properties, see the
FComboBox (component) entry in the online ActionScript Dictionary in Flash Help.
Configure the push buttons
1
Select the PushButton component in Frame 1.
The component’s parameters are displayed in the Property inspector.
2
Type submit_btn in the Property inspector Instance Name text box.
3
Type Submit in the Property inspector Label text box.
This text is displayed in the body of the button.
4
Type onClick for the Click Handler name. Later you will write ActionScript to define what the
Click Handler should do.
When you are finished, the Property inspector should look like the following:
90
Chapter 3
5
Select the PushButton component in Frame 6.
6
Type return_btn in the Property inspector Instance Name text box.
7
Type Return in the Property inspector Label text box.
8
Type onClick for the Click Handler name.
For more information about using the API methods of the FPushButton component to change
additional properties, see the FPushButton (component) entry in the online ActionScript
Dictionary in Flash Help.
Write ActionScript to gather the data
Some of the ActionScript will be for the entire movie, while some will be related to a particular
frame. The following table will help you keep track of instance names.
Instance name
Description
color_box
Color combo box on page 1
sweepstakes_box
Sweepstakes check box on page 1
submit_btn
Submit push button on page 1
name
Input text box for name on page 1
email
Input text box for e-mail address on page 1
return_btn
Return push button on page 2
name_result
Dynamic text box on page 2 to display the user’s name
email_result
Dynamic text box on page 2 to display the user’s e-mail address.
color_result
Dynamic text box on page 2 to display the user’s color selection
sweepstakes_text
Dynamic text box on page 2 that displays different text if the user has chosen or not
chosen to enter the sweepstakes
Write ActionScript for the entire movie
ActionScript for components is placed in keyframes. The Click Handler parameter specifies what
happens when the PushButton component is activated. The default value is onClick, which
means that when the user clicks one of the push buttons, it is activated. We will begin by creating
a function for onClick. This will be a branching function that will first determine whether the
button pushed was the Submit or the Return button, then carry out actions accordingly.
1
Create a new layer and name it All Actions. This will be used for ActionScript that should run
throughout the movie.
2
If the Actions panel is not open, choose Window > Actions.
3
Switch to expert mode by pressing Control+Shift+E (Windows) or Command+Shift+E
(Macintosh), or by clicking the control in the upper right corner (a triangle with a check mark
above it) and selecting Expert Mode from the pop-up menu.
91
4
First, enter the callback function for the push buttons. This is a conditional statement that
branches depending on which button is clicked. If the Submit button is clicked, it will branch to
the getResults function and go to page 2. If the Return button is clicked, it will go to page 1.
Enter the following code in the Actions panel.
// push button callback
function onClick(btn) {
if (btn == submit_btn) {
getResults();
gotoAndStop("pg2");
} else if (btn == return_btn) {
gotoAndStop("pg1");
}
}
Note: Although it is not recommended, if you don’t want to write the ActionScript, you can copy the text from this
tutorial and paste it into the Actions panel.
5
Now, write the getResults function. This gets the results from the sweepstakes check box and
the color combo box. It gets the results from the combo box as a label so it can show the results.
// get results from pg 1
function getResults() {
sweepstakes_result = sweepstakes_box.getValue();
color_result = color_box.getSelectedItem().label;
selectedItem = color_box.getSelectedIndex();
}
6
Next, write the initValues function. This initializes the values on page 1 with the values the
user has previously selected. It is run when the user clicks the Return button.
// initialize the values on pg 1 with the values the user has previously
selected
function initValues() {
sweepstakes_box.setValue(sweepstakes_result);
if (!started) {
color_box.setSelectedIndex(0);
started = true;
} else {
color_box.setSelectedIndex(selectedItem);
}
}
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Chapter 3
7
Finally, add a call to the initValues function to the beginning of the ActionScript. When you
finish, the ActionScript should look like this:
initValues();
// push button callback
function onClick(btn) {
if (btn == submit_btn) {
getResults();
gotoAndStop("pg2");
} else if (btn == return_btn) {
gotoAndStop("pg1");
}
}
// initialize the values on pg 1 with the values the user has previously
selected
function initValues() {
sweepstakes_box.setValue(sweepstakes_result);
if (!started) {
color_box.setSelectedIndex(0);
started = true;
} else {
color_box.setSelectedIndex(selectedItem);
}
}
// get results from pg 1
function getResults() {
sweepstakes_result = sweepstakes_box.getValue();
color_result = color_box.getSelectedItem().label;
selectedItem = color_box.getSelectedIndex();
}
You have completed the script that needs to run for the entire movie. However, you still need to
add script for the frames in page 1 and page 2.
Add ActionScript to each keyframe
Some of the ActionScript needs to be executed only when a user selects a particular frame. In
order to make the ActionScript work, you need to name each keyframe.
1
Create a new layer and name it Frame Actions. Select Frame 1, then choose Insert > Blank
Keyframe to insert a keyframe. Use the Property inspector to name the keyframe pg1. In the
same manner, insert a keyframe at Frame 6 and name it pg2.
2
Select the keyframe in Frame 1 of the Frame Actions layer and write the following ActionScript
to stop the movie at Frame 1 (pg1):
stop();
93
3
(Optional) If you want to display certain text if the user has selected the sweepstakes check box
and other text if the user has not, you can write a conditional statement with text that will go
into the sweepstakes_text dynamic text field on page 2. Select the keyframe named pg2 in the
Frame Actions layer and enter the following in the Actions panel:
// sweepstakes text
if (sweepstakes_result==true) {
sweepstakes_text = "You have been entered in the Stiletto Fantasy
sweepstakes. Winners are announced at the end of each month.";
} else {
sweepstakes_text = "You have not been entered in the Stiletto Fantasy
sweepstakes.";
}
Note: Do not cut and paste this ActionScript into the Actions panel. It will not work properly, because there are
line breaks between the first and second lines of text.
Test your movie
To see what the components look like, run your movie in the Flash Player 6.
1
Choose Control > Test Movie.
The movie is run in the Flash Player.
2
Select and deselect the check box to be sure it works.
3
Select a color and make sure it appears on page 2.
4
When you are finished, choose File > Close to close the movie in the player.
5
If you noticed any errors, use the Arrow tool to select the component, then make the
corrections in the Property inspector. If necessary, retest the movie.
The next steps
This tutorial has presented the basic steps for creating a simple group of components and then
displaying the results. For more information, see Using Flash and the ActionScript Dictionary,
both found in the Help menu.
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Chapter 3
CHAPTER 4
Introduction to Learning Interactions Tutorial
Macromedia Flash MX quiz templates offer a streamlined process for developing e-learning
systems that can send tracking data to a web sever-side learning management system (LMS). The
templates are compliant with Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee (AICC)
protocol and Shareable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) standards.
For AICC or SCORM tracking, your Windows users must have Internet Explorer 4.0 or
Netscape Navigator 4.0 or later. Macintosh users must have Netscape 4.5 or later. Tracking to an
LMS will not work with Internet Explorer on the Macintosh.
The quiz template that you’ll use in this tutorial includes six different types of interactions
(including Multiple Choice, Drag and Drop, and Hot Spot). The last frame in the template uses
cumulative data to display quiz results. Additionally, the quiz templates in Flash MX already
include the necessary ActionScript and navigation controls, allowing you to focus less on
development and more on tailoring the quiz content to meet your learning objectives.
What you should know
Although this tutorial is designed for beginning Flash users, you should be familiar with the
basic Flash concepts presented in the learning media that ship with Flash MX. To access the
lessons, open Flash and choose Help > Lessons. The introductory tutorial is available by choosing
Help > Tutorials > Introduction to Flash MX. Additionally, because the quiz templates rely on the
use of Flash user interface (UI) components, you’ll find it helpful to read about components
(Help > Using Components).
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What you’ll learn
This tutorial demonstrates how to modify Flash quiz templates to create a movie that uses six
different types of learning interactions. The tutorial takes approximately 1 1/2 hours to complete,
depending on your experience, and will teach you how to accomplish the following tasks in
designing a quiz:
•
•
•
•
Analyze the quiz template and learning interactions
Specify LMS tracking
Add custom graphics and components
Modify True and False, Fill in the Blank, Multiple Choice, Drag and Drop, Hot Object, and
Hot Spot interactions
• Add an interaction to the Timeline
• Publish the movie to conform to AICC tracking
Open a new document from a quiz template
Flash MX includes three templates that each have a distinct graphical format, although the quiz
functionality is identical.
1
Open Flash MX and choose File > New from Template.
2
In the New Document dialog box, select Quiz as the category.
A preview of a quiz template appears in the dialog box.
3
Under Category Items, select each of the three quizzes, one after the other, to preview
the templates.
4
Select Quiz_style1 and click Create.
5
Choose File > Save As, and name the document MyQuiz.fla. Browse to your Flash MX folder
and save the document in Tutorials/QuizTutorial, then click Save.
Note: Throughout the tutorial, remember to test and save your work frequently.
Take a tour of the quiz template
The quiz FLA file includes the following layers:
• A hidden Instructions layer that explains how to use the template. You can show the
Instructions layer and click each of the eight frames in the document to view steps on using the
template, then hide the layer. The Instructions layer is a guide, which is not included in your
published movie.
• A Title layer, which includes title text designed to appear on every frame in the document.
• An Interactions layer, which includes components for six different types of interactions in
Frames 2 through 7. These interactions include True or False, Fill in the Blank, Multiple
Choice, Drag and Drop, Hot Object, and Hot Spot.
• A _controls layer, which holds the Quiz component that you can modify.
• A _bckgrnd layer containing objects included in all frames of the template.
• An _actions layer that contains simple ActionScript to make the playhead stop at each frame.
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Chapter 4
Analyze the Quiz component
Frames 1 through 7 in the Quiz template contain the Quiz component, which lets you set
parameters that determine how to present the quiz to users.
1
Click Frame 1 of the Interactions layer.
2
To view the entire Welcome page and Quiz component, select Show All from the Stage View
pop-up menu.
3
Click the Quiz component, to the left of the Stage. In the Property inspector, click Launch
Component Parameters Panel.
4
If the text in the Component Parameters panel is too small to be legible, drag a corner of the
panel to enlarge it.
5
Although you will not change any of the default settings on the Component Parameters panel,
view the options that the panel lets you specify:
• Randomize, if selected, specifies that questions appear to the user in random order, not
necessarily in the order in which they appear across the Timeline.
• Questions to Ask, if set to 0, presents the user with all questions included in the quiz. You can
also set the number to be less than the number of questions in the quiz. If you specify a number
less than the total number and select Randomize, each launch of the quiz presents a subset of
the total number of questions, in random order. If you specify a number larger than the number
of questions in the quiz, the quiz presents all of the questions without duplicating them.
• Login File URL redirects users to the specified URL where they can log in if they have not
logged in through an AICC-compliant LMS.
Note: If the user does log in through an AICC-compliant LMS, but the HTML parameters that launch the movie
do not exist, the login file URL redirects the user to the specified URL.
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• The Activity ID and Activity Name fields correspond to the activity ID and activity name in
your LMS. If you’re not using an LMS, you can either accept the default entries or delete the
default entries and leave the fields blank.
• Show Results Page, if selected, displays the quiz results in Frame 8 of the quiz template to users
upon completion of the quiz.
6
When you finish viewing the Component Parameters panel, close it.
Analyze a learning interaction
Learning interactions immerse users in e-learning content by requiring active participation. The
interactions included in Flash offer you the choice of using several types of interactions in a movie.
1
In the Timeline, select Frame 3 of the Interactions layer.
The Stage contains dynamic text fields, and one input text field, all grouped within the Fill in
the Blank interaction movie clip. During runtime, the text that you specify in the Component
Parameters panel for the interaction populates the dynamic text fields.
2
If the Library panel is not open, choose Window > Library. Expand the panel, if necessary.
Expand the 2_Learning Interactions folder to view the six interactions in the template.
3
Click any of the six interactions, such as Drag and Drop, to see a preview of it. You can see that
the interaction is really a set of objects, such as movie clips, graphics, and components,
grouped together.
To use a learning interaction, you break it apart, then modify the individual objects that
comprised the group.
4
When you finish viewing the interactions, close the Library panel.
Note: You can add stand-alone learning interactions to any Flash document, even if you’re not using the quiz
templates. To access these interactions outside of a quiz template, choose Window > Common Libraries > Learning
Interactions. Stand-alone interactions, when used in Flash documents outside of a quiz template, are not designed
for use with SCORM tracking.
Test the quiz template
The quiz templates are designed for you to test them immediately, to see how the
interactions perform.
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1
Choose Control > Test Movie.
2
View the text and navigation on the Welcome page, then click the Next button at the lower
right of the movie.
Chapter 4
Answer a True or False interaction
In the True or False question, as with all interactions in the quiz, the Check Answer button is not
active until you select a response. The feedback text instructs you to click a radio button.
1
Select either True or False, and watch the feedback text change. Click Check Answer.
The feedback text indicates whether or not you answered the question correctly, and the Check
Answer button is now inactive.
2
Click the Next button.
Answer a Fill in the Blank interaction
The Fill in the Blank interaction lets you type a response in an input text field. When you click
Check Answer, the quiz template checks the response against matching phrases specified in the
template. You can configure the component parameters to accept phrases that are either a close
match or an exact match.
• Type your answer to the Fill in the Blank interaction, and click Check Answer. After viewing
the response, click Next.
Answer a Multiple Choice interaction
The Multiple Choice interaction lets you answer a question by selecting one or more responses.
1
Click one or more check boxes to answer the question, then click Check Answer.
2
View the feedback and click Next.
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Drag and drop objects onto targets
The Drag and Drop interaction lets you respond to a question by dragging objects, which are
usually graphical, to corresponding targets. You add to these objects to the template when you set
up the quiz. For example, the question might ask users to drag a painting to the artist who created
it, or arrange a sequence of objects in a certain order.
1
Drag the numbered Drag squares close to either a corresponding numbered or incorrect target,
then release the mouse button to see the object snap to the target. When you’ve placed all four
Drag objects, click Reset.
Reset is a helpful feature for users who complete part of the interaction, then realize they want
to respond differently.
2
Drag the objects to targets again and click Check Answer.
3
View the response and click Next.
Select a hot object
The Hot Object interaction lets you respond to a question by clicking one or more objects to select
them. You can think of a Hot Object interaction as a graphical version of a multiple-choice question.
The Hot Object interaction is designed for you to add graphics to the template. Object 4 is
specified as the correct object in the component parameters.
1
Click object 4, to see how the interaction offers visual feedback when an object is clicked.
A red tint appears over the clicked object.
2
Click Check Answer. View the response and click Next.
Select a hot spot
The Hot Spot interaction lets users respond by clicking a region on the Stage. For example, you’ll
use the Hot Spot interaction in this tutorial to have users click the part of the camera that allows
you to take a picture. You’ll add an image of a camera to the Stage, and configure the interaction
so that users can click a variety of camera parts, with the shutter release specified as the correct
part to click.
1
Click one of the numbered areas on the Stage, then click Check Answer.
2
View the response and click Next.
100 Chapter 4
View the quiz results
The quiz template is designed to automatically track results and send them to a learning
management system configured for your quiz.
When you finish viewing the quiz results, close the SWF movie.
View a completed version of the learning interaction tutorial file
Now you’ll view a completed version of the file you’ll create from the quiz template.
1
In Flash MX, choose File > Open. In your Flash MX folder, browse to Tutorials/QuizTutorial/
Assets and double-click learning.fla to open the quiz in the authoring environment.
2
Choose Control > Test Movie. Take the quiz to see how the designer modified the template.
When you finish taking the quiz, close the SWF window and learning.fla, and return to
MyQuiz.fla.
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Modify the Welcome page
You’ll delete the existing background, and replace it with a gradient background. You’ll then add
and modify text, and use an external library to add assets to the document.
1
In the Timeline, hide the Instructions layer if it’s not already hidden.
2
Lock all layers except the _bckgrnd layer, and select Frame 1 of that layer.
3
On the Stage, verify that the background is selected (a bounding box appears around the
Stage), and press Backspace or Delete.
Create a gradient background
A gradient displays subtle variations of a color, or transitions between two or more colors. You’ll
create a gradient that blends white and blue.
Draw a rectangle
You’ll now draw a simple rectangle as the first step in creating a gradient background.
1
In the toolbox, select the Rectangle tool.
2
In the toolbox, click the Stroke Color control. Select No Stroke (the button with the red
diagonal line above the color palette).
The selected fill color of the shape is unimportant; you’ll soon change the color.
3
Starting from the upper left corner of the Stage, drag to the lower right corner of the Stage to
draw a rectangle that covers the Stage.
Note: While completing the tutorial, you may find it useful to undo a change you’ve made. Flash can undo several
of your recent changes, depending on the number of undo levels you have set in Preferences. To undo, choose
Edit > Undo or press Control+Z (Windows) or Command+Z (Macintosh). Conversely, you can redo what you’ve
undone by choosing Edit > Redo or pressing Control+Y (Windows) or Command+Y (Macintosh).
102 Chapter 4
Specify a color for the gradient
White is the first color you’ll add to your gradient.
1
In the toolbox, select the Pointer tool. On the Stage, click inside the rectangle to select the fill.
2
If the Color Mixer is not open, choose Window > Color Mixer.
3
To expand the Color Mixer, click the white arrow in the panel title bar. If the Color Mixer is
not fully expanded, click the arrow in the lower right of the panel.
4
In the Fill Style pop-up menu, select Radial.
5
If the gradient slider to the left of the color bar is not selected, with a small triangle above it, click it.
Gradient slider
6
Click the color box in the upper left corner of the window to open the color palette. Use one of
the following methods to select white:
• Move the eyedropper over the color swatches until you find white with the hexadecimal value
of FFFFFF, then click the swatch to select it.
• Type FFFFFF in the hexadecimal value text box and press Enter or Return.
Add a second gradient color
You’ll now add blue to the gradient.
1
In the Color Mixer, click the gradient slider to the right of the gradient bar to select it.
2
Click the color box to open the color palette, and select the blue with a hexadecimal value
of 003366.
Remember, you can either type the hexadecimal value in the hexadecimal value text box and press
Enter or Return, or you can find and select the color swatch with the same hexadecimal value.
Introduction to Learning Interactions Tutorial 103
3
In the toolbox, select the Fill Transform tool. On the Stage, click anywhere inside the rectangle.
An ellipse that indicates the shape and location of the gradient appears around the Stage (resize
the Stage view, as necessary). The ellipse has controls for the location, width, scale, and
rotation of the radial gradient.
Center control
Circular middle
handle
4
Drag the circular middle handle, which controls the size of the gradient, to the right to make
the ellipse larger, spreading out the lighter area of the gradient.
104 Chapter 4
5
Drag the gradient center control toward the lower right side of the Stage.
6
Lock the _bckgrnd layer.
Modify and align text
You can modify text in the template to specify attributes.
1
In the Timeline, unlock the Title layer. With the Pointer tool, select and delete the text field on
the stage that contains the words Practice Quiz. Lock the Title layer.
2
Unlock the Interactions layer and select Frame 1 of the layer.
3
In the toolbox, select the Pointer tool. On the Stage, double-click the Welcome text. Drag to
select the Welcome text and use the Property inspector to set the text as 16 point, Arial, bold.
4
Select the Welcome text again and type Introduction to Photography.
5
Select the Pointer tool and use the Property inspector to give the Introduction to Photography
text x and y coordinates of 10.7 and 14.5, respectively.
6
Select the Text tool and click the Stage underneath the first text field to create another text
field. Use the Property inspector to set the field to Arial 12 point bold. Type The World of
35mm Photography Quiz.
7
Use the Pointer tool to select the new text field, and use the Property inspector to give the text
x and y coordinates of 9.7 and 34.5, respectively.
8
In the toolbox, select the Line tool and select Black as the stroke color. In the Property
inspector, verify that 1 is selected for the stroke height, and Solid is selected for the stroke style.
9
To constrain the line, hold Shift and draw a horizontal line from the lower right edge of the
title text, after the word Photography, to end slightly before the edge of the Stage.
10
With the Pointer tool, select the text that states “Click the next button to continue.” Use the
Property inspector to give the text an x coordinate of 333.4 and a y coordinate of 339.9.
Use assets from a shared library
The assets that you’ll use in your document exist in a separate FLA file, which you will open as a
library. Assets that you use from the external library become part of the MyQuiz.fla library. You’ll
now replace the navigation button with a different navigation button, which has the same name,
from the LearningAssets.fla library.
1
In the Timeline, unlock the _controls layer and select Frame 1 of that layer.
2
Choose File > Open as Library.
3
In the Open as Library dialog box, browse to the Tutorials/QuizTutorial/Assets folder in your
Flash MX folder. Select LearningAssets.fla, then click Open.
The library items from the LearningAssets.fla file are now available for your use.
4
In the LearningAssets.fla library, go to the 1_Quiz Files > 0_Assets subfolder and drag mc,
frameNav to anywhere on the Stage or the workspace.
A Resolve Library Conflict dialog box appears, because you dragged an instance of a symbol
that already exists in your MyQuiz library.
106 Chapter 4
5
In the Resolve Library Conflict dialog box, select Replace Existing Items (not undoable)
and click OK.
In addition to dragging a new instance of the button onto the Stage, you’ve replaced the
original mc, frameNav button with the new version.
Note: You can also drag symbols directly from one library to another.
6
On the Stage, select the button that you just dragged to the Stage and press Backspace or Delete.
You do not need the second instance on the Stage once the first instance, in the lower right
corner of the Stage, is replaced.
7
With the Pointer tool, select the mc, frameNav button and use the Property inspector to give it
an x coordinate of 464.6 and a y coordinate of 369.4.
8
Select Frame 1 on the Interactions layer. Drag Camera1.png from the Images folder in the
LearningAssets.fla library to the Stage, placing the camera slightly off center, within the light
area of the gradient background.
Modify a True or False interaction
Each interaction has a component that you modify in the Component Parameters panel.
To modify the True or False component, you’ll add the question text and specify whether the
statement is true or false.
1
In the Timeline, select Frame 2 on the Interactions layer.
2
On the Stage, verify that the True or False component, as well as the grouped Stage objects, are
selected. (A bounding box surrounds the objects.)
Bounding box
True or False
component
3
Choose Modify > Break Apart.
Bounding boxes appear around individual objects on the layer.
Note: Throughout the tutorial, you will break apart the learning interactions to modify the template. Be careful
to use the Break Apart command once only with each interaction. If you choose Break Apart a second time for
an interaction, the interaction becomes unusable, and you must replace it with the stand-alone interaction from
the library.
4
Deselect all selected objects by pressing Control+Shift+A or clicking an empty space in
the workspace.
5
To the left of the Stage, select the True or False component. In the Property inspector, click
Launch Component Parameters Panel.
6
Select the text in the Question text box and type The higher the aperture setting, the more
light passes through the lens.
Note: The question text appears in the dynamic text field on the Stage during runtime; you do not type question
text on the Stage.
108 Chapter 4
7
Select the False distractor (choice).
Note: While the word “distractor” is often defined as an incorrect choice that distracts the user from the correct
choice, in this tutorial we use the term to refer to any choice, correct or incorrect.
8
Click Options, at the bottom of the panel, and change the Feedback text:
• Initial Feedback is the text the user sees in the Template_Feedback dynamic text field before
answering the interaction. For the Initial Feedback text box, select the existing text and type
Click a radio button.
• Correct Feedback is the text the user sees after answering the question correctly and clicking
Check Answer. For Correct Feedback, select the existing text and type Correct!
• Incorrect Feedback is the text the user sees after answering a question incorrectly and clicking
Check Answer. Select the existing text in the Incorrect Feedback text box and type Sorry. Your
answer is incorrect.
9
Verify that Off is selected for Navigation, and close the Component Parameters panel.
Because the template has its own built-in navigation, you do not specify navigation in the
Component Parameters panel.
The Knowledge Track options are for use with your LMS.
Note: You will use the Component Parameters panel for each interaction. You can either close the panel after
configuring the parameters, or move it out of the way until you’re ready to use it again.
Modify text and add a graphic to the True or False interaction
For the True and False interaction, you’ll move both the question text and the CheckBox
components.
1
In the Timeline, verify that Frame 2 on the Interactions layer is still selected. Use the Pointer
tool to select the Your Question Will Appear Here text. Use the Property inspector to make the
text Arial 14-point bold, with an x coordinate of 10.7 and a y coordinate of 14.5.
2
With the Pointer tool, select the True component on the Stage. Give it an x coordinate of 11.7
and a y coordinate of 49.5.
3
Select the False component on the Stage and place it so that x = 11.7 and y = 70.8.
4
Drag lens.png from the Images folder in the LearningAssets.fla library toward the center of the
Stage, where the background gradient is lightest.
Note: As you complete the tutorial, remember to save and test your work frequently. Testing is especially
important when modifying learning interactions to ensure your quiz works as expected.
Modify a Fill in the Blank interaction
To modify the Fill in the Blank component part of the interaction, you specify the question text,
then specify all answers that are acceptable as correct.
1
2
On the Stage, verify that the objects on the layer are selected. Choose Modify > Break Apart.
3
Deselect all selected objects by pressing Control+Shift+A or clicking an empty space in
the workspace.
4
To the left of the Stage, select the Fill in the Blank component. If necessary, launch the
Component Parameters panel from the Property inspector.
5
Select the text in the Question text box and type What does the number 125 on the
camera indicate?
6
In the first Responses text box, type Shutter speed. Then select Correct, to the right of
the text box.
7
Verify that Case Sensitive is not selected and Exact Match is selected.
8
Click Options, at the bottom of the panel. To give the user two chances to answer the question
correctly, type 2 in the Tries text box.
When you give the user more than one chance to answer the question correctly, feedback
specified in the Additional Tries text box appears if the user first answers incorrectly.
9
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Select the text in the Additional Tries text box and type Incorrect. Please try again.
Chapter 4
10
Change the text in the other feedback text boxes, as desired. For example, you can select the
text in the Correct Feedback text box and type Yes! You’re right!
Arrange text and graphics
To give the interaction a consistent look, you’ll modify the text fields, move the graphic
representation of the input text field, and add an image to the interaction.
1
With Frame 3 of the Interactions layer selected, use the Pointer tool to select the Your
Question Will Appear Here text. As you did with the previous interaction, make the text 14point Arial bold. Give the text an x coordinate of 10.7 and a y coordinate of 14.5.
2
On the Stage, select the instance of Field_Background, with the text that states “Enter your
answer here,” and place it so that x = 11.1 and y = 45.1.
Drag input text field to this location
Input text field
3
The actual input text field appears on the Stage bounded by dotted lines. Drag the input field
within the Field_Background instance.
111
4
Drag Camera_top.png from the Images folder in the LearningAssets.fla library to the Stage.
Place the image below the input text field.
5
Drag 125_glow.png from the images folder in the LearningAssets.fla library to the Stage. Place
the image over 125 on the camera’s shutter speed selector.
Note: As you complete the tutorial, remember to test and save your work frequently.
Modify a Multiple Choice interaction
To modify the Multiple Choice component, you’ll add the question text and the answer text, and
specify which answer is correct.
112
1
In the Timeline, select Frame 4 on the Interactions layer. On the Stage, verify that objects on
the layer are selected, and choose Modify > Break Apart. Then press Control+Shift+A or click
an empty space in the workspace.
2
Select the Multiple Choice component. If the Component Parameters panel isn’t open, launch
it from the Property inspector.
3
Select the text in the Question text box and type Which camera part affects the amount of
light that passes through the lens?
4
In the Label text box for Checkbox 1, select Apple and type Shutter speed. Click the check
mark under Correct to deselect it, which indicates that the choice is now an incorrect answer.
5
In the Label text box for Checkbox 2, select Zucchini and type Film advance lever. Do not
click the Correct check box to the right of the text box.
6
In the Label text box for Checkbox 3, select Tomato and type Aperture. Verify that Correct is
selected the right of the text box, to indicate that this is a correct answer.
7
In the Label text box for Checkbox 4, select Potato and type Film counter. Do not click the
checkbox under Correct.
Chapter 4
8
You will have four choices, instead of the five that the template provides. To delete the last
choice, select Checkbox 5 in the Instance Name category and press Delete or Backspace.
9
If desired, click Options at the bottom of the panel and change the correct and incorrect
feedback text. The user will have one try to answer the question correctly; you do not need to
change the Additional Tries feedback text, because that text will not appear to the user.
You’ll modify the question text, delete one of the answers, and add an image to the interaction.
1
On the Stage, use the Pointer tool to select the Your Question Will Appear Here text. Use the
Property inspector to make the text Arial 14-point bold, with x and y coordinates of 10.7 and
14.5, respectively.
2
Select and delete the instance of Checkbox5 (Label E).
3
Select the Label A component (Checkbox1). Press Shift and click the Label B through D
objects to add them to the selection. In the Property inspector, select the text in the Width (W)
text box and type 160 to resize the choice labels, then press Tab.
4
Drag the four selected labels to just below the question text.
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5
Drag Camera2.png from the Images folder in the LearningAssets.fla library to the Stage,
placing the image slightly to the right of the four choice labels.
About graphic distractors
The Drag and Drop, Hot Object, and Hot Spot interactions use placeholder instances. To change
the appearance of the interaction, you can either delete the existing instances and register new
instances, or you can replace or modify the symbols.
If you’ll use a graphic interaction more than once in the Timeline, or if you don’t want to change
the interaction movie clip that exists in the library, you must follow a process that deletes the
existing instances and names and registers instances of new movie clips. The original interaction
remains unchanged in the library, and available for use again. In this tutorial, you’ll follow this
process with the Drag and Drop interaction.
If you know that you will not use the same type of graphic interaction more than once in your
movie, you can replace the existing movie clips with movie clips that have exactly the same name.
The interaction reflects the changes and updated art. In this tutorial, you’ll follow this process
with the Hot Object interaction.
You can also edit the movie clip symbol. You’ll follow this process for the Hot Spot interaction.
Modify a Drag and Drop interaction
The Drag and Drop interaction lets users drag objects to targets. The component lets you specify
the question and the unique names of the Drag objects and Target objects.
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1
2
On the Stage, verify that objects on the layer are selected, and choose Modify > Break Apart.
Press Control+Shift+A or click an empty space in the workspace to deselect the objects.
3
On the Stage, select Drag1, then press Shift and also select Drag2 through 4, and Target1
through 4. Press Backspace or Delete to delete all Drag and Target objects from the Stage.
4
Select the Drag and Drop component to the left of the Stage. If the Component Parameters
Panel isn’t open, launch it from the Property inspector.
5
Select the text in the Question text box and type Drag the photo to the correct exposure setting.
6
In the Drag Object Name and Matches Target Name categories, select and delete the Drag4
and Target4 text; your quiz will have three Drag objects and three Target objects only.
Chapter 4
7
In the Drag Object Name and Matches Target Name categories, type the letter N, for new, at
the end of each name.
You’re registering the unique instance name that you will give to your replacement instances.
8
To specify that Drag objects snap to a target, verify that Snap to Start is selected.
Arrange text
You’ll give the question text the same attributes that you specified in previous frames.
• On the Stage, use the Pointer tool to select the question text. Use the Property inspector to
make the text Arial 14-point bold, with x and y coordinates of 10.7 and 14. 5, respectively.
115
Assign instance names to the new drag symbols
You’ll place the new drag symbols in the LearningAssets.fla library, and give them the same
instance names in the Property inspector that you specified in the Component Parameters panel.
116
1
From the LearningAssets.fla library, go to 2_Learning Interactions > 0_Assets > DragDrop folder,
and drag DD_D3 toward the upper left area of the Stage, as shown in the following illustration.
2
Place DD_D1 next to it, then DD_D2 at the end of the row.
3
On the Stage, select DD_3. In the Property inspector, enter Drag3N in the Instance
Name text box.
4
On the Stage, select DD_1. Use the Property inspector to give it the instance name of
Drag1N.
5
On the Stage, select DD_2. Use the Property inspector to give it the instance name of
Drag2N.
Chapter 4
Assign instance names to the new target symbols
Now you’ll follow a process similar to the one you just used for the drag symbols to drag the new
target symbols from the LearningAssets.fla library, and give them the same instance names in the
Property inspector that you specified in the Component Parameters panel.
1
From the LearningAssets.fla library, go to 2_Learning Interactions > 0_Assets > DragDrop folder,
and drag DD_T1 toward the lower left area of the Stage, as shown in the following illustration.
2
Place DD_T2 next to it, then DD_3 at the end of the row.
3
On the Stage, select DD_T1. In the Property inspector, select the text in the Instance Name
text box and type Target1N.
4
On the Stage, select DD_T2. Use the Property inspector to give it the instance name of
Target2N.
5
On the Stage, select DD_T3. Use the Property inspector to give it the instance name of
Target3N.
117
Align Drag objects and Target objects
To align the Drag objects and Target objects, you’ll use the Align panel.
1
On the Stage, using the Pointer tool, click DD_D3, then Shift-click to also select DD_D1
and DD_D2.
2
If the Align panel isn’t open, choose Window > Align.
3
Verify that To Stage is not selected, and click Align Vertical Center and Distribute Horizontal
Center. Press Control+Shift+A or click an empty area in the workspace.
4
On the Stage, click DD_T1, then Shift-click to also select DD_T2 and DD_T3. Click Align
Vertical Center and Distribute Horizontal Center.
View the Drag and Drop movie clip in the Library panel
• In the MyQuiz (not LearningAssets.fla) library, select the Drag and Drop movie clip in the
2_Learning Interactions folder.
The symbols remain unchanged; you can use the interaction again, if desired.
Modify a Hot Object interaction
To modify a Hot Object interaction, you first modify the component to specify the question text,
and you specify the object that will register as a correct choice when clicked.
1
2
On the Stage, verify that all objects on the layer are selected and choose Modify >
Break Apart. Deselect all selected objects by pressing Control+Shift+A or clicking an
empty area in the workspace.
3
Select the Hot Object component. If the Component Parameters panel isn’t open, launch it
from the Property inspector.
4
Select the text in the Question text box and type Click the part of the camera you would press
to take a picture.
5
Select Correct for HotObject1, and deselect Correct for HotObject4.
When users click the HotObject1 area, the response will register as correct.
118
Chapter 4
Arrange text
You’ll give the question text the same attributes that you specified with previous interactions.
Replace hot object images
Although you can delete and register instances using the same process that you used with the
Drag and Drop interaction, you’ll use a different process for the Hot Object interaction. Instead,
you will replace existing movie clips with new ones that have the same name. Because this process
changes all instances of the symbols, it works best when you know you’ll use the interaction type
only once in a document.
1
In the LearningAssets.fla library, drag HO_Object1 from the 2_Learning Interactions/
0_Assets/HotObjects folder to any place on the Stage or in the workspace.
HO_Object1 has the same name as a symbol that already exists in the template (MyQuiz) library.
2
In the Resolve Library Conflict dialog box, select Replace Existing Items (not undoable),
and click OK.
The original movie clip reflects the replacement, and the instance that you dragged onto the
Stage is still selected.
3
Press Delete or Backspace to delete just the instance that you dragged onto the Stage.
4
In the LearningAssets.fla library, drag HO_Object2 from the 2_Learning Interactions/
0_Assets/HotObjects folder to anyplace on the Stage or in the workspace.
5
In the Resolve Library Conflict dialog box, select Replace Existing Items (not undoable),
and click OK.
6
Press Delete or Backspace to delete just the instance that you dragged onto the Stage.
7
Repeat steps 4–6 to use assets in the LearningAssets.fla library (in the 2_Learning Interactions/
0_Assets/Hot Objects folder) to drag HO_Object3, HO_Object4, HO_Object5 and
HO_Object6 to the Stage, then delete the instance that you just dragged.
119
View the Hot Object interaction in the Library panel
• In the MyQuiz (not LearningAssets.fla) library, select the Hot Objects movie clip in the
Learning Interactions folder.
With the Drag and Drop interaction, the symbols did not change. The process that you used
for the Hot Object interaction replaces the symbols in the library.
To follow the process you used for replacing Hot Object movie clips, remember that you must
create movie clip symbols, in a separate FLA file, that have the same name as the movie clip
symbols that you want to replace. You can then open the separate FLA file as a library. You can
drag the instance of the new symbol to the Stage to replace the original symbol. You then delete
the instance that you just dragged. You can also simply drag the new symbol to the library in
which you will replace the original symbol.
Change the color of a selected hot object
When the user selects a hot object, the object, by default, changes to light red to let the user know
that the object is clicked. You can change the default color in the Actions panel. You’ll change the
“clicked” color from red to blue.
1
In your MyQuiz library, go to 2_Learning Interactions/2_Components, and double-click
2_HotObjects to enter symbol-editing mode.
2
In the 02_HotObjects Timeline, click Frame 1 on the Actions layer. Then open the Actions
panel (Window > Actions).
3
If you’re not in normal mode, click the options menu control on the right side of the title bar
and select Normal Mode.
4
Open the options menu again and select Go to Line. In the dialog box, type 42 and click OK.
Note: For the correct line to be selected, you must not have auto-format options selected for the Actions panel. If
the transform.rb line of ActionScript is not selected, choose Auto Format Options from the Actions panel options
menu, and deselect any selected options.
This section of ActionScript lets you select red, green, and blue values for the color object.
While you can experiment with the value numbers to specify a color, we’ve already come up
with values that create blue. For more information about what each line of code controls,
search for topics on the Color Object and the setTransform Object in Flash Help (Help >
Using Flash and Help > ActionScript Dictionary).
5
In the Value text box, enter 0.
If the Expert Mode Warning dialog box appears, click OK,
6
Select line 44 and enter 51 in the Value text box.
120 Chapter 4
7
Select line 46 and enter 102 in the Value text box, then close the Actions panel.
8
Choose Edit > Edit Document.
Tip: As you complete the tutorial, remember to test and save your work frequently.
Modify a Hot Spot interaction
To modify the Hot Spot component, you type the hot spot question, then specify which hot spot
area, when clicked, will register as a correct response.
1
In the Timeline, select Frame 7 on the Interactions layer. On the Stage, verify that all objects
on the layer are selected, and choose Modify > Break Apart. Then press Control+Shift+A or
click an empty space in the workspace.
2
Select the Hot Spot component. If the Component Parameters panel isn’t open, launch it from
the Property inspector.
3
Select the text in the Question text box and type Click the part of the camera that advances
the film.
4
Select Correct for HotSpot6, and deselect Correct for HotSpot4.
A user click on HotSpot6 will now register as a correct answer.
5
Select the text in the Up State Alpha text box and type 0.
The Up State Alpha text box indicates the level of transparency for the hot spot before the user
clicks it. In your quiz, you’re specifying that the hot spot is initially invisible. The Down Alpha
State indicates the level of transparency for the hot spot, once the user clicks it. By accepting
the default setting of 100, you’re specifying that the hot spot will be displayed once it is clicked,
which offers visual feedback to the user.
121
Arrange text
You’ll give the question text the same attributes that you specified in previous frames.
Add a hot spot image
Users click hot spot areas that overlay an image. You’ll add that image now.
1
On the Stage, select the instance of Image_Area: the rectangular border that surrounds the hot
spot areas. Refer to the Property inspector to verify that you’ve selected the correct instance,
and press Backspace or Delete.
Image_Area instance
2
With Frame 7 of the Interactions layer selected, drag Camera_top.png from the images folder
in the LearningAssets.fla library, placing it in the approximate center of the Stage.
In the Property inspector, you can specify the x and y coordinates for the image that the
finished file uses: x = -5.5 and y = 70.8.
3
On the Interactions layer, the image covers the hot spot areas. To change the stacking order of
objects on the layer so that the hot spot areas cover the image instead, verify that
Camera_top.png is still selected, and choose Modify > Arrange > Send to Back.
The hot spot areas now appear over the camera image.
122 Chapter 4
4
On the Stage, use the Pointer tool to drag the instance of HS_Area6 to cover the film advance lever.
5
With the Pointer tool, continue to select and place hot spot areas over the camera, as follows:
• Place the instance of HS_Area3 so that it covers the shutter release.
Note: It does not matter that the Hot Spot area is larger than the shutter release. The size of the Hot Spot areas
will change when you add images to the Hot Spot symbols.
• Place the instance of HS_Area5 so that it covers the shutter speed selector.
• Place the instance of HS_Area2 so that it covers the lens.
• Place the instance of HS_Area4 so that it covers the aperture.
• Place the instance of HS_Area1 so that it covers the film rewinder.
Add an image within a hot spot area
When the user clicks a hot spot area, visual feedback should let the user know that the clicked area
is selected. You’ll provide that feedback by adding “glow” images that initially have an alpha
transparency of 0, as specified in the component parameters, but become opaque in the movie
upon a mouse click. To add the images, you delete and replace the images within each hot spot
movie clip.
1
On the Stage, double-click HS_Area1. In symbol-editing mode, use the Pointer tool to select
the graphics by dragging from above the upper left corner to below the lower right corner of
the group, selecting all graphics in the movie clip. Press Backspace or Delete.
2
From the Images folder in the LearningAssets.fla library, drag rewind_glow.png and place it
within HS_Area1 so that the “glow” outlines the film rewinder.
Note: The bounding box reflects the new hot spot area.
124 Chapter 4
3
Click Scene 1, above the Stage.
4
On the Stage, double-click HS_Area2. In symbol-editing mode, use the Pointer tool to drag
around the hot spot graphics, selecting all the graphics as you did in step 1. Then press
Backspace or Delete.
5
From the Images folder in the LearningAssets.fla library, drag lens_glow.png and place it
within HS_Area2 so that the “glow” outlines the lens. Then click Scene 1, above the Stage.
6
Repeat steps 4 and 5 to open a hot spot in symbol-editing mode, delete the existing group of
graphics, then drag and position the corresponding glow image from the Images folder in the
LearningAssets.fla library, as follows (remember to click Scene 1 when you’ve finished with a
hot spot):
• For HS_Area3, use Shutter_glow.png. Place the glow image around the shutter release button.
• For HS_Area4, use Aperture_glow.png. Place the glow image around the aperture.
• For HS_Area5, use Shutter_speed_glow.png. Place the glow image around the shutter
speed selector.
• For HS_Area6, use Advance_glow.png. Place the glow image around the film advance lever.
Add an interaction to the Timeline
To add an interaction to the Timeline, you add frames across all layers in the Timeline. You can
then either use an interaction from the library or use the streamlined process that you’ll follow
now, to copy the interaction from one frame to another.
1
In the Timeline, select Frame 7 on the top layer, the Instructions layer. Shift-select Frame 7 on
all the layers below the Instructions layer.
2
Right-click (Windows) or Control-click (Macintosh) a selected frame and choose Insert Frame
from the context menu.
The Timeline extends evenly across all layers.
3
Select Frame 8 on the Interactions layer and choose Insert > Blank Keyframe.
4
Select Frame 3 on the Interactions layer, and choose Edit > Copy Frames.
5
Select Frame 8 on the Interactions layer and choose Edit > Paste Frames.
A copy of the Fill in the Blank interaction appears on the Stage.
6
Deselect all selected objects, then select and delete the camera image and the “glow” image.
126 Chapter 4
You’ll now arrange text and graphics on the Stage, just as you did for the first Fill in the
Blank interaction.
1
Verify that Frame 8 on the Interactions layer is still selected. From your MyQuiz library, drag
Camera1.png to the Stage. Place the image below the input text field, as shown in the
following illustration.
2
To the left of the Stage, select the Fill in the Blank component. Launch the Component
Parameters panel, if necessary.
3
Select the text in the Question text box and type What mechanism opens to allow light to
enter through the camera lens?
4
In the first Responses text box, type Shutter. Then select Correct to the right of the text box.
5
Verify that Case Sensitive is not selected, and Exact Match is selected.
6
Click Options, at the bottom of the panel, and verify that 2 is entered in the Tries text box.
Change the feedback text, as desired.
Modify the quiz results
The last frame in the template displays the quiz results. You can modify text in the quiz results
frame, and add graphics, but you should not change the names of the dynamic text fields, or the
results will not appear. Additionally, do not add interactions to the frame containing quiz results.
1
In the Timeline, select Frame 9 on any layer, then use the Pointer tool to select just the Quiz
Results text on the Stage.
2
Using the Property inspector, make the text 14 point Arial bold, with an x coordinate of 10.7
and a y coordinate of 14.5.
3
Select the Line tool. In the Property inspector, verify that 1 is selected for the stroke height, and
Solid is selected for the stroke style. Hold Shift, while drawing a horizontal line from the lower
edge of the “s” in “Results,” to end just before the edge of the Stage.
4
In the toolbox, select the Rectangle tool. Open the Color Mixer (Windows > Color Mixer),
if necessary.
5
In the Color Mixer, select Solid as the fill style. Select the blue stroke color of #0099FF. Select
a white fill color of #FFFFFF, with an alpha value of 20%.
You can either find the color chip with the specified value, or type the hexadecimal value
directly in the text box.
6
Verify that you’re in Frame 9 on the Interactions layer. On the Stage, draw a rectangle that
encloses the score.
7
To group the rectangle fill with its stroke, use the Pointer tool to double-click inside the
rectangle, and choose Modify > Group.
8
In the Align panel (choose Window > Align if the panel is not open), select To Stage, then click
Align Vertical Center and Align Horizontal Center.
Note: All the assets that you used from the LearningAssets.fla library are now part of your MyQuiz library. You’ve
finished modifying the interactions; this would be a good time to organize your MyQuiz library. For example, you can
create an Images folder for the PNG files.
128 Chapter 4
Publish the quiz for AICC Tracking
Flash quiz templates allow communication with both AICC- and SCORM-compliant learning
management systems. Code built into the Flash document and the HTML file created during the
publish process sends formatted data, including the score and time spent taking the quiz, to the LMS.
For an overview of the AICC and SCORM communication process, see Flash Help (Help >
Using Flash > Creating E-learning Content).
1
Choose File > Publish Settings.
2
In the Publish Settings dialog box, verify that Flash (.swf ) and HTML are selected in the
Formats panel.
3
On the HTML tab of the Publish Settings dialog box, select the Flash w/AICC Tracking
template, then click Publish and close the dialog box.
The publish process creates a Flash SWF file and HTML file, which are saved in the same
directory as the FLA file. You can open the MyQuiz.html file in a browser to see how your quiz
appears in a web page.
Other tracking processes
To continue configuring your quiz for AICC tracking, you would complete the following process.
1
Place the Flash SWF file and HTML file that you just created on the web server, with both files
in the same directory.
2
In your Macromedia Flash MX application folder, browse to First Run/HTML/Learning
Extensions Srvr Files. Within the folder, copy frameset.htm, result.htm, and the scripts
subfolder to the same web server directory where you copied the SWF and HTML files that
you published.
3
In a text editor, open the copy of frameset.htm. In the second line of text, change Untitled-1
to the name of your HTML file, which should be MyQuiz.html.
4
Either launch your LMS or create the AICC Course Descriptor Files that reference the
frameset.htm file.
Moving on
To learn more about creating instructional media with Flash, visit the Macromedia Flash Support
Center at http://www.macromedia.com/support/flash/.

Flash MX Tutorials

Transcription

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