Milner_BLV talk

Dark Gauge Bosons Experimental Search for Weakly Coupled Light Gauge Bosons A’, U, γ’,γd, …. •  Worldwide searches underway based on exis3ng experiments •  Dedicated experiments to search being prepared Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
1 The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer Experiment
on the International Space StationStation
Richard Milner BLV 2C
015 AMS is an MIT led InternaHonal ollaboraHon April 29, 2015 16 Countries, 60 InsHtutes and 600 Physicists LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
2 Recent AMS-­‐02 data: there are new sources of positrons Phys. Rev. LeT. 113, 121101 Phys. Rev. LeT. 113, 121102 ExpectaHon based on collision of ordinary cosmic rays Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
3 Recent AMS-­‐02 flux data Phys. Rev. LeT. 113, 121101 Phys. Rev. LeT. 113, 121102 Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
4 Searching for a Dark Photon KineHc mixing: Warning! Check variable on verHcal axis in sensiHvity plots BABAR Search for resonance in dimuon inv. mass distribu3on in Υ(2S,3S)èγA’ followed by A’ èμ+μ-­‐ Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
5 Beam dump constraints Look for resonant peak In the in. mass distr. of e+e-­‐ pairs appearing aUer thick shielding Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
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Ongoing A’ Searches KLOE-­‐2@DAφNE(φèϕΑ’ followed by A’èe+e-­‐) HADES@GSI (p+p, p+93Nb, p+40Ar, 84K+35Cl produc3on: π0,η, Δ decay followed by A’èe+e-­‐) BaBar@SLAC (e+e-­‐èΥèγA’ with A’èμμ) WASA@COSY (π0 decay) PHENIX@RHIC (π0 decay) NA48@CERN (π0 decay) APEX@JLab (e on 181Ta) A1@MAMI (e on 181Ta) ATLAS and CMS @LHC HPS@JLab (e on 184W) SeaQuest @ FNAL DarkLight @ JLab ERL milliQ @ SLAC: invisible search Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
7 HADES arXiv:1311.0216 90% confidence limit Richard Milner EM decays of few-­‐GeV interacHons, e.g. π!γA’ η!γA’
Δ!γA’
followed by
A’!e+e-­‐ BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
8 WASA@COSY arXiv: 1304.0671 Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
9 PHENIX@RHIC arXiv: 1409.0851 Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
10 A1@MAMI 2014 arXiv: 1404.5502 BABAR and KLOE-­‐2 are 90% confidence limits 2σ exclusion limit Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
11 0
NA48/2 π decay 1504.00607 April 2015 Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
12 @ LHC Richard Milner arXiv:1409.0746 BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
13 @ LHC Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
14 APEX Status
Search for new gauge boson A' using Hall A
high-resolution spectrometers (HRS)
Septum
e–
Target
e+
• 
Test run (2010): concept demonstration
and world-record sensitivity
•  Full run: Prioritized by JLab, funded,
projected to run 2016
•  Optimized septa magnet constructed
•  Smaller beam line items funded
•  HRS detectors ready to go
HRS detectors
10-4
KLOE
10-5
aμ, 5 σ
γ
X
to charged matter
APEX first to explore deep into coupling region
motivated by gauge unification (GUT),
10
ϵ2
mixing with photons induces small coupling 𝜖
-7
10-8
10
GUT
Theory: Test of new forces in Nature, whose
E774
ae
APEX
Test
BaBar
A1
HPS
2015
DarkLight
APEX
E141
HPS
2015
-9
10-10
10-11 -3
10
KLOE
PHENIX
aμ,±2 σ favored
10-6
• 
HADES
Orsay
10-2
U70
1
10-1
mA' [GeV] LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
APEX • 
Test run performed in Hall A, July 2010 • 
Verified all key aspects of apparatus performance • 
–  VDC tracking performance at 4–6 MHz singles rates –  Gas Cerenkov detector in coincidence trigger to reject π+’s –  spectrometer op3cs & mass resolu3on –  measurement of physics backgrounds Resonance search on 700K good trident events Data QED (no efficiency correc3on) Accidental Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
16 Heavy Photon Search at JLab Si Vertex Tracker PbWO4 ECal •  HPS explores very small couplings 10-­‐8 >ε2>10-­‐10 for 15 < mA’< 200 MeV •  Small couplings mean * small signals and large backgrounds * long lived A’ with detached ver3ces cτA’ •  Small signals need large luminosiHes: good acceptance, fast electronics, high data rates, good mass resolu3on •  Vertex cut eliminates trident backgnd tridents Z > 10 mm Richard Milner A magnet chicane directs the CEBAF 12 electron beam onto a W foil, producing heavy photons. They decay to e+e-­‐ pairs, which are measured by the Si vertex tracker inside an analyzing magnet. A PbWO4 ECal provides a fast tBLV rigger. 2015 h tps://confluence.slac.stanford.edu/display/hpsg/Heavy+Photon+Search
+Experiment LNS 17 April 29, 2015 Laboratory for Nuclear Science
Heavy Photon Search at JLab 2015 HPS Reach and ExisHng Limits Status •  AUer a successful test run in 2012, HPS has been approved, funded, and is now comple3ng construc3on. HPS was installed in Hall B at JLAB in Fall 2014. •  HPS is running in Spring 2015 with 2.2 GeV electron beams. Addi3onal running at 1.1 and 4.4 GeV is possible. Bump Hunt •  The 2015 running will search for A’s at small couplings with the vertex search. Vertex search The same date is sensi3ve to larger couplings with a tradi3onal bump hunt. •  Addi3onal running in 2017 and beyond will extend the reach to higher masses, and discover True Muonium (µ+µ-­‐ atom) Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
18 Experiment •  Precision test of QED radia3ve processes in electron-­‐proton elas3c scatering as Q2è0 •  Search for both e+e-­‐ and invisible decays •  Completely calculable •  Complete reconstruc3on of final-­‐state •  5σ discovery limit •  1 ab-­‐1 atained in several months of data taking with 10 mA at 100 MeV on 1019 cm-­‐2 target •  Green region is present muon (g-­‐2) result explained by a dark force Freytsis, Ovanesyan, and Thaler JHEP 1001, (2011) 111 Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
19 SchemaHc Layout •  JLab LERF (Low Energy Recirculator Facility, za FEL) •  J. Balewski et al., arXiv:1412.4717 (physics.ins-­‐det) Richard Milner Na3onal Science Founda3on March 16, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
20 Schedule •  DarkLight proposal approved at JLab PAC 39 in June 2012 with “A” scien3fic ra3ng, condi3onal upon successful test being completed •  Test successfully completed in July 2012 •  Full scien3fic approval granted in May 2013 •  Phase-­‐I experiment funded by NSF MRI July 2014 •  Use exis3ng 0.5 T solenoid at Stony Brook University and elements of OLYMPUS target at MIT •  An3cipate it will take about 2 years to carry out phase-­‐I experiment •  Detailed simula3ons in progress to finalize design: lepton tracker, trigger and readout •  In parallel, finish design of complete (phase-­‐II) experiment and pursue funding Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
21 MESA Accelerator Mainz Energy-­‐Recovering SuperconducHng Accelerator Mode 1:
Extracted beam
P2 experiment
Mode 2: ERL
Emax = 155 MeV Internal beam
MAGIX experiment
Imax > 1 mA (ERL) Parallel OperaHon with MAMI BLV 2015 Richard Milner 22 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
23 Parity ViolaHng Electron ScaTering Standard Model Running of sin2θW P2@MESA # Probe BSM at mulH TeV scale Richard Milner LNS
P2 Experiment
BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 Laboratory for Nuclear Science
1.1
MESA projected error MAGIX @ MESA •  Polarised target •  80% polarisa3on 1
p
µp GEp /GM
windowless pseudo-­‐internal gas target MAGIX SimulaHon: – Bernauer (MAMI 2010)
Zhan (JLab 2011)
Crawford (Bates 2007)
MacLachlan (JLab 2006)
Jones (JLab 2006)
Punjabi (JLab 2005)
Pospischil (MAMI 2001)
Dietrich (MAMI 2001)
Gayou (JLab 2001)
Jones (JLab 2000)
MESA projected error
— Belushkin (Disp. Analysis 2007)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
MagneHc Form Factor Proton 0.01
0.1
1
2
2
10
2
Q / (GeV /c )
10-4
1mA ERL beam aµ
WASA
10-5
Richard Milner Mixing Parameter ε2
10
APEX
HADES
ae
High resoluHon spectrometers MAGIX: §  double arm §  compact design §  Momentum resolu3on: Δp/p < 10-­‐4 §  acceptance: ±50 mrad §  GEM-­‐based focal plane detectors BaBar
KLOE
MAMI-A1
BaBar
-6
MESA
10-7
E774
Dark Photon SensiHvity 10-8
MAGIX SimulaHon: •  Xenon gas target •  Luminosity 1035 / cm2 s 10-9
BLV 2015 10
April 29, 2015 Dark Photon Mass
100
mγ ’ (MeV/c2)
LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
24 MAGIX @ MESA The Tube-­‐Target The Jet-­‐Target Schlieren photography Laval-­‐Nozzel Beam Catcher Nozzel‘s wall profile Calculated Flux à L ≈ 1035 cm-­‐2s-­‐1 (at 1 mA beam current) Richard Milner Simulated Density Profile BLV 2015 35
à L ≈ 10 cm-­‐2s-­‐1 (at 1 mA beam LNS
current) April 29, 2015 Laboratory for Nuclear Science
25 4-turn FFAG ERL @ Cornell
4-­‐turn FFAG ERL @ Cornell • 
• 
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Located Cornell experimental hall
4-turns in each FFAG arc with matching sections for each beam
Use Cornell electron gun and injector linac.
• 
300MeV for 40mA, 150MeV for 80mA, 80MeV for 100mA all with 0.3mm mrad emittances.
Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
Progress
Progress and Plan and plan
Cornell Track Record:
a) 
b) 
c) 
d) 
e) 
ERL injector with world-record current (10 times more than the next)
ERL injector with world-­‐record emitance (5 3mes less than the next) SRF cavity shape for high current (30 3mes more than the next) SRF R&D for ERL Light Sources with world-­‐record low loss High Brightness Beam Physics (first full hard x-­‐ray ERL design) Will lead to the first mulH-­‐turn ERL: •  Highest current ever (100mA at 80MeV) •  Highest energy ever (40mA at 300MeV) •  Brightest beam ever (0.3mm mrad normalized emitance at these currents.) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Area prepara3on 1-­‐turn 76MeV 4-­‐turn 76MeV 4-­‐turn eRHIC cavity 4-­‐turn 286MeV Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
2020 Main Linac Cryomodule (MLC) Main Linac Cryomodule Assembly completed November 20, 2014. Ready for tes3ng. Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
The,Cornell2BNL,FFAG2ERL,Test,Accelerator:,White,Paper*
arXiv:1504.00588*
Unpolarized, Polarized, Unit,
Energy(1)*
300*
300*
MeV*
Power**
12*
3*
MW*
Current*
40*
10*
mA*
Bunch*frequency*
1300*
1300*
MHz*
Normalized*EmiFancex,*y*
0.3*
0.3*
mmJmrad*
Bunch*duraKon*
2*
2*
ps*
Energy*spread*
0.02*
0.02*
%*
PolarizaKon*
0*
90*
%*
(1)*300*MeV*is*the*maximum*energy*for*the*4Jturn*FFAG*ERL*planned*at*
Cornell.*With*an*addiKonal*loop,*the*energy*could*be*boosted*to*500*
MeV.*
Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
Search for Dark Photons at SeaQuest Drell-­‐Yan experiment E906 at FNAL •  Nearly ideal beam-­‐stop experiment •  Underway for at least the next year Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 FNAL E906 SeaQuest Projec3ons (preliminary) LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
32 Invisible searches Kahn and Thaler, Phys. Rev. D 86, 115012 (2012) VEPP-­‐3 proposal arXiv: 1207.5089 absent if A’ Kèπ constraint does not couple to quarks Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
33 arXiv:1307.6861 Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
34 Assuming mχ = 10 MeV Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
35 1504.01527 April 2015 Richard Milner •  Use the 7Li(p,γ)8Be reac3on at Ep = 0.441 and 1.03 MeV to populate the 17.6 and 18.15 MeV resonances in 8Be •  Measured the e+e-­‐ angular correla3on in internal pair crea3on for the M1 transi3ons depopula3ng the 17.6 and 18.15 MeV states •  Observed anomolous internal pair crea3on in the 18.15 MeV transi3on •  Ascribe it as due to a boson of mass 16.7 ± 0.35 (stat.) ± 0.5 (syst.) MeV •  Es3mate A’/γ branching ra3o of order 5.8 x 10-­‐6 BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
36 0
NA48/2 π decay 1504.00607 April 2015 X Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
37 Summary •  Many running experiments repor3ng exclusion limits at 90% confidence for A’ decaying to charged e+e-­‐ •  Coupling-­‐mass space to explain (g-­‐2) anomaly excluded at 90% confidence due to π0 decay •  New dedicated experiments ge†ng underway to look for evidence of decay of A’ to charged leptons and via invisible decay •  Make analogy with Titanic Sought fruitlessly from 1912 to 1985 Discovery made possible by development of essen3al, new technology Richard Milner BLV 2015 April 29, 2015 LNS
Laboratory for Nuclear Science
38