Ei dian otsikkoa

Social and Behavioural Aspects of Housing and
Market Response – a case of suburbs or housing
estates
Mari Vaattovaara
Professor of Urban Geography
Helsinki, Finland
Contents
 Role and importance of the suburbs – a major issue in
terms of urban future or sustainability
 Historical context
 How to approach Social and Behavioural Aspects of
Housing and Market Response - A case from the edge
of the Helsinki metropolitan area
 The challenge
Role and importance of suburbs – a
major issue in terms of urban future
or urban sustainability
1/3 of the
apartment
buildings locate in
the suburbs
1/5 of the
population lives in
suburbs
The process of urbanisation
was late in Finland
350
Total 2,6 million apartments
1 000
300
250
200
150
100
50
-1920
1921-1939 1940-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999
Erilliset pientalot
Detached houses
Asuinkerrostalot
Block of flats
2000-
Rivi- ja ketjutalot
Attached houses
Lähde:Tilastokeskus
Source: Statistics Finland; Hannu Rossilahti/ Ara
However, there has been a rapid
economic restructuring through
industrialisation and urbanisation
towards the new economy
… as almost any index would show
“Finland in particular appears to be well-positioned to compete
in the Creative Age with a high level of overall creative
competitiveness and rapid growth in its creative capabilities”
(Florida and Tinagli, 2004)
Employment
in the new
economy
Vaattovaara
& al. 2009
ACRE
Employment in creative Housing Market
and knowledge
intensive industries (%)
Amsterdam
26
tight market
Barcelona
22
tight market
Birmingham
25
tight market
ACRE – Acommodating
Dublin
21
tight market
creative knowledge
Helsinki
30
tight market
FP 6 research led by Sako
Milan
31
tight market
Musterd - Amsterdam
Munich
29
tight market
Toulouse
22
tight market
”…whereas cities such as Stockholm, Helsinki
and Stuttgart have growing populations, and
are known for high skills and goog access…”
Parkinson, 2005
A case from the edge of fast growing
metropolis– how to approach Social and
Behavioural Aspects of Housing and
Market Response ?
Traditional – and as such - more and more
advanced way is to start from the technical
details and possibilities (Jyri Nieminen VTT)
Heating
VTT Jyri Nieminen
Air-conditioning
Exteriors
Doors and windows etc…
Or from architectural or urban planning
premises
Potential of the renewal /TKK dept. of
architecture
Suunnitelma ja visualisointi: TKK Arkkitehtuurin laitos, Puurakentaminen 2009.
Helsinki University of Technology,
Dept. of architecture/ VTT
Urban planning pespective
radan ylittävä
kalteva viherkansi
(alla pysäköintiä)
radan ylittävät
siltamaiset talot
porttitalo
radan ylittävä
kalteva viherkansi
(alla pysäköintiä)
Uudet talot
It might, however result in a unexpected
situation
In our case we stated by trying to understand
the historical context – why were they built
Peltosaari was born as part of the
industrialisation of Finland
All the future predictions and best
calculations expected the
industrialisation and construction to
continue
Peltosaari was built according to these
predictions – best available knowledge
 Planning and building represents the
style, standard and efficiency of the
time
.
Over half of the population was predicted to
work in the traditional industries during
1990’s
Now the suburb is a part of knowldge
intensive, pocket sized metropolitan
region
 And the success or failiour depends on
the municipality’s and suburbs ability
to attract highly educated middle class
Municipality of Riihimäki has not
succeeded too well according to any
index that we used
As part of this national restructuring
process – several suburbs have lost
their position
Male employment rate 2007
Miesten työllisyysaste, %
PKS
Helsinki
Espoo
Vantaa
Kaun.
Ikävakioitu
85,7 - 94,7
83,4 - 85,6
79,4 - 83,3
75,0 - 79,3
63,0 - 74,9
81,8
79,4
85,7
83,4
87,1
Vantaa
Vantaa
Espoo
Espoo
Helsinki
Helsinki
© Helsingin kaupunki, Kaupunkimittausosasto 056/2008
Opiskelijat mukana työllisissä. Ikävakioitu, vakioväestönä vuoden 2007 miehet
Peltosaari is in its own
category
Housing market position in the Helsinki
metropolitan area
Peltosaari Havukoski
Asukasluku (31.12.2006)
2292
5439
0-17-vuotiaat
16,9
16,2
18–64-vuotiaat
69,9
71,1
65-vuotiaat ja sitä vanhemmat
13,3
12,7
lapsiperheiden osuus asuntokunnista
pienituloisten kuluttajatalouksien (- 25 999€/v) suhteellinen osuus
kaikista kuluttajatalouksista
17,4
18,8
67
48,4
pienituloisten (-13 999€/v)osuus kuluttajista
53,1
33,6
vain perusasteen suorittaneet yli 18-vuotiaista
44,8
39,5
9
7,3
22,5
17,2
27
12,1
omistusasuntojen osuus asuntokannasta
30,7
50,9
vuokra-asuntojen osuus asuntokannasta
64,3
46,2
opiskelijat (v. 2004)
eläkeläiset (v. 2004)
työttömät (v. 2004)
Spatial differences are huge
A survey was sent to all of the residents
 feelings of insecurity were high (25%)
Fear of violence was on its own level
(10% / 24%)
Interviews of the local actors and residents
 Even if many of the local acticivists were highly committed
to the site and were defending it, by stating how nice it is
to live there
 The survey revieled that the willingness to move among
the residents is high
Especially high among the
knowledge workers with high
education
 10 % out of all residents
 55 % out of residents with academic degree
Thus
Central challenge is to overcome the rethoric
regeneration
“Part of the literature concerning regeneration comes
dangerously close to painting a romantic picture of
large public housing estates as products of working
class political action” (Alan Murie 2009)
The aim should be to develop an area that
would
(i) support the strategy of the
municipality (positioning in the metroarea)
(ii) fulfill the requirements of modern
construction (ecology, architecture)
(iii) take care of the current residents
How?
 By at least including aside to the technical and
architectural thinking the historic context, position
in the region (housing market), socio-economic
situation and the social life of the neighborhood.
 Which requires
Different approaches, questions, methods