Geocomposites - Arnold Maassen Groep

Geocomposites
Geosynthetics you can trust
OUR BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Within the construction and landscaping sectors the use of geosynthetics has
become fundamental in solving an increasingly diverse range of global geotechnical
and environmental protection problems. Typical traditional applications for
geosynthetics include Soil Reinforcement, Ground Stabilisation, Filtration, Drainage,
Protection and Erosion Control.
The ongoing impact of climate change and the requirement to deliver sustainable
development, is increasingly creating the need for more diverse and innovative
applications. These applications include green roofs, pervious paving systems,
geocellular tanks, basement construction, geocellular confinement and tree
protection systems. Through the ongoing commitment to achieve sustainability
within the built environment, geosynthetics are being incorporated into major
infrastructure projects such as renewable energy schemes, on-shore wind farms
and alternative forms of transport such as light rail networks.
Geocomposites are prefabricated drainage products which
directly replace conventional granular fill. They normally consist
of at least two different components; a three dimensional
polymer core, which acts as the transport medium, and a geotextile
filter fabric which allows liquids to pass into the core but prevents
the surrounding fill from washing in and clogging the core.
Design considerations
Geocomposites need to meet the following criteria
• They must be robust and survive the design life of the structure
• Terram nonwoven thermally bonded geotextile filter fabric suitable for site soil type
• The geotextile filter fabric must prevent surrounding fill from
entering the core
• Tensile strength with high modulus (to resist deformation
of the filter into the core)
• The geotextile must not unduly deform and restrict the flow
• CBR puncture resistance
• They must have good chemical resistance.
Polymer of core and filter
Terram Geocomposites are proven to stand the test of time,
establishing an impressive track record with extensive use in civil
and architectural projects across the world for over forty years.
Hydraulic Properties
• In-plane flow (to meet application requirement)
• Filter flow rate (consider soil permeability and gradient)
Filter properties
• Resistance to chemical and bacterial attack
• Resistance to creep
• UV stable
Selecting Terram Geocomposites offers many benefits
Core crush strength
• Provides and maintains high volume flow paths for water
and gases; maintaining soil structure integrity
• Resistance to long term ground pressures
• Filtration properties are suitable for most backfill types
• Robust materials mean they can survive the
rigours of a construction site installation
• Being light and easy to handle they are quick and easy to
install and offer a cost effective replacement to
conventional materials
• Depth of installation
• Live loads (overhead vehicle traffic, especially
during construction phase)
CBR puncture resistance
• Construction installation (high exposure to damage, especially
during construction phase)
• Manufactured to high quality controls in our state of the
art facility in the UK they offer consistent performance
Tensile strength
•
• Predicted settlements (deformation in waste tip applications)
Minimising the environmental impact of construction by
replacing ‘bulkier’ natural-won materials. This means less
haulage into site, less excavation on site and less quarrying
for the alternative materials.
• Construction installation (high exposure to damage)
Bond of filter to core
• In-plane shear (when used on inclined slope; to
prevent creation of a slip plane if shear failure occurs)
BESPOKE MANUFACTURING
Terram has a broad range of ‘off the shelf’ geocomposite products
to cover most applications. However we are proud of our ability
to manufacture bespoke products to suit specific applications for
your project.
At Terram we have forty years of experience of manufacturing
geosynthetics for demanding applications throughout the global
civil engineering industry. We know how important it is that the
materials you choose to use will perform consistently and reliably
throughout the life of the project.
Bespoke manufacturing is a new approach to manufacturing
geosynthetics that harnesses our extensive knowledge of a
wide range of geosynthetic solutions and marries their specific
properties to solve your problem.
Geotextiles, geogrids and geomembranes are just some of the
products that have combined into geocomposite products
answering the specific problems of our customers; whether it
be soil reinforcement, ground stabilisation, filtration, drainage,
protection or erosion control.
Our technical development team will work with you to develop
your bespoke solution in our facility in South Wales. The product
is developed to your specification then tested to ensure product
performance before being signed off for use in your application.
If you’re not sure what specification you need then our technical
team will work with you to understand the problem before
developing the solution.
Geogrid : Terram Geotextile : Terram Geotextile : Drainage net : Terram Geotextile.
Terram Hydrophobic Geotextile : Drainage net : Terram Geotextile.
Terram Geotextile : Needlepunch.
Needlepunch : Impermeable film : Drainage net : Terram Geotextile.
Needlepunch : Terram Geotextile : Needlepunch.
Needlepunch : Impermeable film : Terram Geotextile.
Terram Geotextile : Drainage net : Impermeable film.
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Typical applications include:
• Landfill cap drainage
• Liner protection
• Landfill gas venting
• Leak detection
• Groundwater control
• Contamination isolation.
Waste management is a demanding environment for
geocomposite drainage systems. Besides the standard waste
management drainage requirements, the drainage system must
be capable of draining aggressive liquids and venting volatile
gases. Polymer resistance to chemical and bacterial attack is
a vital requirement.
Landfill Caps
Geocomposites applied to slopes and loaded with fill material,
are subjected to in-plane shear forces; therefore the method
of bonding the core to the geotextiles is also an important
consideration. All Terram Geocomposites are thermally bonded
to ensure the best join between the constituent materials
and to minimise shear failure.
Installed above the liner, Terram Geocomposites assist in
collecting and draining any rainwater from the overlying soils.
This will help prevent the overlying soils destabilising through
saturation and, with correct design, assist in protecting the
capping layer from damage or failure.
Terram Geocomposites offer solutions in both landfill capping
and landfill lining applications, effectively replacing ‘traditional’
stone drainage layers.
Landfill caps should include both a drainage layer above the
capping membrane and a gas collection layer below. Terram
Geocomposites can be used in either application and offer both
reduced cost and higher, factory constant, performance than
traditional solutions, such as crushed stone.
Installed below the geosynthetic liner, Terram Geocomposites
provide a free passage for the movement of potentially dangerous
harmful landfill gases, which can then be collected or dispersed.
In addition, the combination of geotextile filter fabric and
polymeric drainage cores, provide protection to possible
damage of the liner from sharp materials within the waste.
TERRAM GEOCOMPOSITES IN LANDFILL CAP APPLICATION
Gas venting/collection system
Manifold collector pipe
Waste
Capping soils
Terram Geocomposite
Terram Geomembrane
Perforated drainage pipe
Terram Geocomposite
Basal Landfill Liners
Design Considerations
By replacing the traditional stone layer with a much thinner
Terram Geocomposite, more volume for waste is created
within the landfill. Terram Geocomposites installed beneath the
basal lining system will form an effective drainage system for
groundwater, helping prevent many problems associated with
varying fluctuating groundwater levels.
•Depth of fill (waste)
Leakage Detection
•Water table.
Installing a Terram Geocomposite between the primary and
secondary liners forms an effective leak detection system that
not only highlights the presence of a leak but also has the flow
capacity to collect the discharge until the leak is repaired.
Environmental Protection
•Type of fill (waste)
•Leachate/gas volumes
•Soil conditions
•Hydrology
Terram Geocomposites installed over contaminated soils and
below clean fill, form a capillary break preventing contaminated
water rising to the clean soils; they also form a horizontal
drain that permits the lateral drainage of infiltrated rainwater
preventing it from entering the contaminated zone. For these
applications Terram Geocomposites can be fabricated with both
high visibility geotextiles or high visibility drainage core.
TRADITIONAL STONE LAYER
USING TERRAM GEOCOMPOSITE
Waste
Waste
150mm
Sand
300mm
Gravel
6mm
Clay
600mm
Terram Geomembrane
Clay
600mm
Terram Geomembrane
Terram Geocomposite
STRUCTURAL DRAINAGE
Typical applications include:
• Retaining wall drainage
• Bridge abutments
• Basements
• Tunnel drainage.
Designed especially to cope with these demanding horizontal
or vertical applications, Terram Geocomposites have a time
proven record on projects undertaken by major organisations.
A wide range of flow capacities and the ability to tailor the filter
fabric to the specific application means Terram Geocomposites
offer the perfect blend of drainage capacity and protection.
Quick, easy to handle, efficient and cost effective drainage
systems are necessary in areas of construction such as basements,
culverts, car parks, reservoirs and many other structural and
subsurface applications.
RETAINING STRUCTURES
Terram Geocomposite
Concrete retaining
structure
Soil backfill
Perforated collector pipe
Pavement
Slopes and Embankments
The drainage function in stabilised earth embankments is
as important as the reinforcement design; drainage at the
toe and crest as well as behind the structure is an important
consideration. Terram offer a range of products suitable for
reinforcement that work effectively with Terram Geocomposites
in the drainage application to offer a total solution for
slope stabilisation.
BURIED STRUCTURES
Terram Geocomposite
SLOPES AND EMBANKMENTS
Surface runoff
Surface drain
Terram Geotextile filter
Shingle
Terram
Geocomposite
Water
table
Trench backfill
Porous pipe
Terram Geotextile
Slope
Terram Geotextile wrapped
perforated land drain
Soil backfill
Screed
Soil backfill
Concrete slab
Blinding
Retaining Structures
TUNNELS
To maintain the stability of a retaining structure it is
important to provide an efficient drainage system behind it.
Terram Geocomposites reduce pore water pressures. This enables
threatening saturated ground conditions to be avoided. Simple
and fast to install, this system cuts the cost of conventional
drainage systems and gives superior performance.
Concrete lining
Buried Structures
Terram Geocomposites installed against the external faces of
a buried structure will form a highly effective drainage system
for groundwater. They replace ‘traditional’ free draining stone
backfills and allow excavated materials to be used as backfill
thus offering savings in terms of materials both imported and
exported from site.
Terram
Geocomposite
Perforated pipe
Tunnels
Efficient and robust drainage systems capable of high
in-plane flow rates are necessary to overcome the water
seepage problems encountered in tunnels.
The Terram Geocomposite intercepts groundwater seepage
between the rock face and the concrete tunnel lining which
is then transported away in a perforated drainage pipe.
SUDS
Paved areas, roof gardens and planter boxes require a light and
versatile drainage system capable of a high in-plane flow rate
as most applications are horizontal. The Terram geocomposite
range has a high flow rate, high compressive strength and good
resistance to creep. Their use reduces manpower and minimises
the need for heavy materials making them ideal solutions for
these applications.
GREEN ROOF SUDS
Terram Geocomposite
Terram RootGuard
Vegetation
150 - 1500mm substrate
Insulation
Concrete roof deck
STRUCTURAL DRAINAGE - ROADS
Typical Applications Include:
• Highway Edge Drainage
• Under Channel Drainage
• Verge, toe and batter drains.
Geocomposite drains are used extensively in a number of
applications within highway projects. They offer significant
savings to the contractor in terms of both cost and time.
Geocomposite drains directly replace traditional stone drainage
designs; these are increasingly expensive and cause damage to
the environment, as stone has to be quarried and transported to
site. The excavated materials are often carried from site, normally
to landfill; using space saving geocomposite drains means these
arisings can be used for backfill, offering further savings.
Vertical edge drains running parallel to the roadway are necessary
to intercept the lateral flow of groundwater. This is necessary in
order to maintain the desired moisture content within the base
and sub-base layers.
The use of the geocomposite fin drain system in this application
provides a fast installation and saves on excavation and backfill.
Factory manufactured, the product guarantees peace of mind in
its purpose under all construction conditions.
Design Considerations
•Hydrology
•Pavement surfacing.
geocomposite drain - slotted pipe
Destressed slotted pipe
Terram Geocomposite
geocomposite drain - perforated pipe
Terram Geocomposite
Sock integral to geocomposite formed
from Terram filter Geotextile
Perforated pipe inserted into integral sock
STRUCTURAL DRAINAGE - FROST/SALT Capillary Protection
Frost protection
Salt protection
Terram Frost Blanket is a purpose designed geocomposite for
mitigating the effects of frost heave in affected areas. Installed
horizontally to form a break it prevents the capillary rise of
groundwater from the water table into the zone where it
can be frost affected: thereby reducing the potential for
damage from the freeze/thaw cycle (frost heave).
Terram Salt Barrier is a product developed to prevent the damage
caused by the capillary rise of saline groundwater into ‘sweet’
soils vegetation zones. The cultivation of soft landscaped areas in
areas with saline groundwater has traditionally required a
300mm layer of crushed stone in the build up to stop the rise of
saline groundwater, which ultimately kills the vegetation.
Terram Salt Barrier has been specially developed to replace this
stone and reduce the environmental impact of the construction
by removing this stone and the haulage necessary to get it to site.
It has been used with great success on a number of significant
projects in areas widely affected by the problem such as
Kazakhstan and Siberia.
It has a proven record on a number of high profile projects in areas such as the Middle East where it was extensively used
on the Palm Jumeirah Development.
WITHOUT FROST BLANKET
WITH FROST BLANKET
Surface failure through frost heave
Capillary rise of water
Terram Frost Blanket
Lateral drainage of groundwater
Water table
Ice lenses
Water table
Capillary rise of water
SALT BARRIER INSTALLED BENEATH ‘SWEET’ SOIL
Terram Salt Barrier installed
as capillary break
Drainage swale to collect groundwater
collected in capillary break.
Sweet soil
Salty soil
Water table max. height for all months and all years
Enlarged ditch section
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
A full range of product data sheets, case studies and project
information request forms are available from Terram technical
support or as downloads from the Terram website. www.terram.com.
IMPORTANT NOTICE
The information contained herein is, to the best of our
knowledge, accurate in all material respects. However, since
the circumstances and conditions in which such information
and the products mentioned herein can be used may vary
and are beyond our control, no representation or warranty,
express or implied, of any nature whatsoever is or will be
made and no responsibility or liability is or will be accepted
by us, any of our affiliates or our or their respective directors,
officers, employees or agents in relation to the accuracy or
completeness or use of the information contained herein or
any such products and any such liability is expressly disclaimed.
Root Guar
Blackwater Trading Estate,
The Causeway, Maldon
Essex CM9 4GG
Tel: +44 (0) 1621 874200
Fax: +44 (0) 1621 874299
email:[email protected]
www.terram.com
FM 22730