Gulfstream V Ops Survey
Transcription
Gulfstream V Ops Survey
Operators Survey Gulfstream V Operators love its long legs, high-altitude performance, short-field capabilities, reliability and Gulfstream’s customer support. By Fred George he Gulfstream V could serve as a classic example of market competition and product differentiation taught at any graduate level business school. In the general aviation market, the GV proves that business aircraft buyers are willing to give up cutting-edge airplane technology in favor of rock-solid dispatch reliability and top-notch customer support, as we discovered during our recent survey of GV operators in North America, Europe and the United Kingdom. Some industry pundits were disappointed in the GV’s evolutionary design when Gulfstream announced the program at the September 1992 Farnborough Air Show. But operators said the approach resulted in rapid product maturation in the first few years after its 1996 entry into service. Now it’s a gas-and-go transportation asset. “Reliability was the main issue. Our two GVs have never let us down. And Gulfstream is really, really good at service and support,” said Tom Fleming, head of AirFlite’s corporate flight department, which previously operated an early serial number Global Express. “The Global Express was having growing pains when the owner chose the GV,” commented Mike Santiago, who flies a GV managed by TAG Aviation. “We liked the Global Express cabin a lot, but it also was suffering a lot [of problems],” explained Bob Lazear, head of Costco’s flight operations. The GV was available at the right price, so Costco put one in service in March 2002. “The competition has a nicer cabin, but the GV just has great reliability,” said Ed White, head of Amgen’s fledgling flight department. White said he’s averaging a 99.48 percent rate, much to the satisfaction of top management. That helps to secure the long-term future of Amgen’s new aviation operation. Delivery slot availability and completion center speed also was a key decision point. “Our CEO looked at the Global Express, but it was about a year behind our GV,” said Photography courtesy of Gulfstream Aerospace T www.AviationNow.com/BCA Curtis Barsi, who runs Schering-Plough’s flight department. There’s also intangible, but powerful, family loyalty associated with the GV. Several folks said they’ve operated Gulfstream jets for decades, earning top management’s unwavering devotion to the marque. “We’ve always been in the Gulfstream family,” said Paul Glavey of Amerada Hess. “We operated a GIII, a GIV and now the GV. Our chairman has a real loyalty to Gulfstream products,” commented Pat Johnson, who flies a GV for Countrywide Funding. “We bought our first GII in 1972, followed by a GIII in 1982, and we had a GV on order when we bought Gulfstream,” said Gary Rogerson, who flies for General Dynamics, parent company of Gulfstream Aerospace. Gulfstream’s reputation and strong emphasis on product support earned plenty of plaudits. “It has great reliability, great customer support and a great name in the community,” said Jeff Taylor, who flies a GV for Dallas-based Radical Ventures. “Gulfstream’s support is well above the competition,” said Steve Ohmstede, who flies a GV based in the Northeastern United States. “Gulfstream’s product support is above and beyond the competition. That will make or break you when you have problems,” offered Costco’s Lazear. “Gulfstream’s reputation [for product support] is second to none,” remarked one northwest U.S. operator. Such comments were echoed by Ed Radkey at Marathon Oil, Richard Tedesco at Lockheed-Martin and Gene Lanman at Troutt LLC, among others. Top Five Features, Dislikes and Maintenance Concerns Operators fired off their top five GV features at Gatling gun speeds. Cruise performance attributes, such as climb rate, range, speed and fuel-efficiency ranked close to the top of the list. “Our boss wanted range, range and range,” said Robert Hughes, head of Alcoa’s flight department. “We never sweat fuel,” said Schering-Plough’s Barsi. “There’s almost never a [fuel level low] pucker factor, even when flying from New Zealand to San Diego,” said General Dynamics’ Rogerson. “It’s the GV’s overall wing performance. It climbs like hell, cruises fast and goes far,” said Thomas Knobloch, who flies a GV for Basel-based Interjet AG. Dispatch reliability ran a close second. “It’s bulletproof,” offered Lockheed-Martin’s Tedesco. One Minnesota operator even listed reliability twice among his top five features. Alcoa’s Hughes, Radical Ventures’ Taylor and Ken Peartree, head of HewlettPackard’s flight department, plus Amerada Hess’s Glavey, AirFlite’s Fleming and K.C. Norman of Cargill, among others, said reliability was the aircraft’s best feature. “It makes our department look good,” said Peartree. Mission flexibility and short-field performance also are favorites. “We’ve operated comfortably out of a 4,000-foot runway,” said Troutt’s Lanman. “We’ve flown it nonstop from Steamboat Springs to London,” said Mike Wilson, chief pilot for Houston-based Service Corporation International (SCI). “It has slow ref speeds and great brakes,” said Chuck Saul, who flies a GV managed by TAG Aviation. Many operators said the aircraft’s relatively high 75,300pound max landing weight enables it to tanker fuel, thereby enabling them to “Just say no” when the price on the pump is stratospheric. Product support consistently made operators’ top five lists. “Gulfstream’s really gone to the mat for us,” commented AirFlite’s Fleming. “They wave that flag and they really do deliver,” said James “Butch” Fortune, who flies a GV for United Cos. Several favorite features competed for fifth place. Some operators said they liked the GV’s low DOCs, relative to the GIVSP and earlier Gulfstream jets. Others mentioned the GV’s handling qualities and reduced pitch and roll control effort, likening it to a GII. Folks said Gulfstream’s signature, wide oval cabin windows are a plus, helping to make the cabin look and feel larger. Some mentioned short-field performance, commenting on its relatively low V speeds. Business & Commercial Aviation ■ March 2005 35 Operators Survey The aft section can be fitted with two pairs of seats facing a conference table. At least half of the GV operators have the galley installed in the aft of the aircraft. A GV is typically configured with facing pairs of individual chairs and/or three-place divans. In many GV aircraft the forward section is configured as a convertible crew rest, three-place divan or executive work area. 36 Business & Commercial Aviation ■ March 2005 Low noise levels in the cabin also were cited by operators. In contrast, when asked about the aircraft’s five worst features, several operators seemed stumped for answers. The most common response, though, was the design of the GV’s fresh water system. Operators said it’s difficult to purge all the water prior to storing the aircraft outside in cold weather. Residual water in the system can freeze and crack the plumbing lines. Gulfstream changed the design of the fresh water plumbing when installation was moved back from the completion process into green aircraft production. The firm now has identified the problem and is offering a no-charge retrofit kit to cure the problem. Some operators also griped about grabby brakes. Each main landing gear has a massive four-disk carbon pack, enabling the aircraft to be stopped from 188 KIAS at MTOW in little more than 3,000 feet, according to the Airplane Flight Manual. But they said it’s difficult to modulate braking action gently for passenger comfort. Gulfstream has developed a brake line restrictor mod that’s supposed to eliminate the problem. Operators said the mod is only a partial solution. The brakes still are touchy, so Gulfstream is working on a permanent solution. Much discussion centered around AD 2003-07-11, the recurring ultrasonic inspection of the Rolls-Royce Deutschland BR710 fan hub intended to detect cracks in the disc that holds the fan blades. The original 25 flight cycle inspection interval was extended to 75 to 150 flight cycles, depending on part number. Operators say they want a permanent fix that will eliminate the recurring AD altogether. In response, Rolls-Royce Deutschland is developing a modification that will increase fan hub inspection intervals to 600 flight cycles, according to Gulfstream officials. This inspection requirement also applies to Bombardier Global Express series aircraft that also use the BR710 turbofan. Some operators, such as ScheringPlough’s Barsi, Troutt’s Lanman and Bob Russell of Pentastar, among others, said the cabin is too narrow for 13- to 14-hour missions. Those who’ve operated Global Express aircraft were the most vocal on this perceived shortcoming. All five generations of large-cabin Gulfstream business aircraft, dating back to the GI in 1959, have shared the same fuselage cross section. Tube size wasn’t often perceived as a problem by those operators who mainly fly four- to fivehour transcontinental sprints and eight- to 10-hour transatlantic dashes. The net usable baggage compartment volume also is too small, a few operators www.AviationNow.com/BCA said. Fresh water tanks, vacuum lav equipment and other systems components hog much of the 224-cubic-foot compartment that otherwise would hold passenger gear. Gulfstream changed systems layout in the baggage compartments of G500/G550 aircraft to increase available storage volume. Notably, a few folks, such as Interjet’s Knobloch, experienced significant problems with landing gear bushing corrosion, components furnished to Gulfstream by Goodrich. If bushing corrosion becomes significant, it can require total replacement of the landing gear, resulting in a $213,000 bill for parts alone, according to Knobloch. Gulfstream and Goodrich discovered a problem with the original metal plating process used to protect the bushing and bearing surfaces. Now Goodrich uses a high-velocity oxygen fueled (HVOF) plating process that both improves corrosion resistance and lowers repair costs. Very few operators could come up with a list of top five maintenance headaches. But a few reiterated concerns about long-term care for the fresh water system line damage caused by water freezing. And, as noted earlier, some said they desire a fix for the grabby brakes and the fan blade AD. Expensive and short-life nav lightbulbs have been the bane of aircraft operators for decades, and Gulfstream has even come up with a fix for those. There’s now a 5,000hour-life LED nav light replacement kit for the GV. How minor are these gripes? “We’ve never had a maintenance [dispatch] cancellation,” said Greg Kesel, who flies a GV for Rochester Aviation. Many others said the same thing. How Operators Fly the GV The Gulfstream V was manufactured from 1995 through 2002, with 188 aircraft now in service. It was replaced in 2003 by the G550 with the PlaneView cockpit, improved systems and more efficient cabin space utilization. The G500, a G550 with reduced fuel capacity and a more standardized interior layout, also was introduced in 2003. The GV fleet has accumulated more than 403,000 hours total time, according to Gulfstream Aerospace. The fleet leader has logged more than 8,000 hours and 3,300 landings. Cabin layouts are split between forward and aft galley configurations. Most aircraft have both forward and aft lavatories, plus permanently installed or convertible crew rest compartments. In the mid-1990s, Gulfstream marketing officials claimed the GV’s Basic Operating Weight would be 48,000 pounds, much to the amusement of prospective operators savvy to the realities of the completion www.AviationNow.com/BCA The GV fleet has accumulated more than 403,000 hours total time, according to Gulfstream Aerospace. The fleet leader has logged more than 8,000 hours and 3,300 landings. process. By the time folks loaded up their aircraft with satcom, HUD, EVS, satellite TV, front and aft lavatories, and several other popular options, the average BOW ballooned up to 49,000-plus pounds, according to respondents in our survey. This results in a full-tanks, three-passenger payload. But the GV with a 49,000-pound BOW still can carry enough fuel to fly eight passengers more than 6,300 miles and land with NBAA IFR reserves. While some operators report they fly the ultra-long-range aircraft up to 14 hours, the average mission is a mere 2.2 hours, Gulfstream officials said. Respondents to B&CA’s survey said, though, they average closer to 3.6 hours because some filter out pre-positioning flights. On such bread-andbutter missions, they climb their aircraft directly to the mid-40s and cruise at 0.85 Mach. They flight plan an average of 3,500 pph for such relatively short sprints, typically planning 4,200 pph for the first hour, 3,600 pph for the second hour, 3,300 pph for the third hour and 3,000 pph for the fourth hour. If they slow down to 0.83 Mach, fuel flow drops to 3,250 pph on average, operators said. The average passenger load is 3.7 people, but several operators reported averaging six to eight passengers on domestic trips. Very few GVs are flown on 6,500-mile missions. NBAA IFR fuel reserves for the ultimate long-range mission are 2,860 pounds. Most old salts said they weren’t comfortable landing with less than 4,000 pounds in VFR conditions and 5,000 pounds in IFR conditions. Most respondents, as a result, said they weren’t willing to fly more than 5,975 miles on average. They’re also not willing to slow down to 0.80 Mach long-range cruise. Most said they fly 0.85 Mach on missions up to 12 hours, slowing down to 0.82 to 0.83 Mach if range performance becomes critical. “We can fly 12-hour legs all the time,” said Dale Wheeler, Avjet’s GV chief pilot. But that’s at 0.80 Mach so that his pilots can arrive with plump fuel reserves. Wheeler said his computerized flight plans predict first-hour fuel burns of 3,450 pounds, decreasing to 3,000 pounds during the second hour and tapering off to 2,240 pph by the end of the mission. Cargill’s Norman, though, said he plans on 6,000 pounds for the first hour and 4,000 pounds for the second hour, taking into account delays, reroutes and less than optimum initial cruise altitudes on the longest range missions. Norman isn’t comfortable flight planning to land with less than 5,000 pounds. Initial cruise altitude on the longest range missions is FL 410, with intermediate step climbs into the mid- and high 40s along the route. Operators said they almost never fly above FL 490. Almost none reported soaring up to FL 510 to save fuel near the end of long-range missions. The most typical long-range mission is a flight between any airport in North America and any landing facility in Europe, Russia or the Ukraine. Folks say they don’t often need to fill the tanks on such missions and arrive at destination airports with fat reserves, even though Average passenger load is 3.7 people, but some operators reported averaging six to eight on domestic trips. Business & Commercial Aviation ■ March 2005 37 Operators Survey Gulfstream V Report Card O 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 O 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 O 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 O 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 O 1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 Airframe Har dwar e Landing Gear Wheel Brakes Flight Controls Exterior Paint Power Interior Rolls-Royce BR710 APU Avi onics Honeywell SPZ-8500 Honeywell NZ-2000 TCAS EGPWS O Fire Protection Pneumatic/Bleed Air Syst ems Electric Power Fuel System Hydraulic Power Anti-Ice/Rain Air Conditioning Pressurization Trai nin g Oxygen FlightSafety CAE SimuFlite Gulfstream Technical S upp or t Gulfstream Parts Rolls-Royce Technical Rolls-Royce Parts Honeywell Technical Honeywell Parts 38 Business & Commercial Aviation ■ March 2005 they’re cruising at 0.83 to 0.85 Mach. Only a few operators fly with three pilots aboard. If they need to fly more than 10 to 12 hours, they plan to split the trip into two 0.85 Mach high-speed cruise missions, making an en route stop for refueling, a crew switch and a passenger stretch. Flying 30 knots faster than long-range cruise makes up most of the time spent during the refuel stop. The load factor thins out on the longest trips. Operators say it’s not unusual to have only two or three passengers aboard on the longest missions. One reason may be the limited number of seat pairs that can be converted into berths. Operators say the GV will sleep five or six depending upon configuration, but it’s not easy to move through the aisle when all seats are berthed. Report Card B&CA asked respondents to grade the airframe, engines, avionics and systems, plus simulator training and customer support from Gulfstream, Rolls-Royce and Honeywell. The grades were “A” for excellent, “B” for good, “C” for average, “D” for barely passing and “F” for unsatisfactory. Some folks provided plus or minus modifiers for the basic grade point. We then assigned points to each of the grades and averaged the results. Overall, the marks were high. As shown by the accompanying chart, the GV earned high marks from operators for airframe quality and reliability. “I feel safe bouncing along in bad weather on a crummy winter night,” said Kesel of Rochester Aviation. The GV received kudos for its simplified electrical system; anti-ice system with its automatic activation feature; soft ride, trailing-link landing gear; and well-harmonized, reduced effort flight controls. The RollsRoyce BR710 engines would have scored slightly better if there were a permanent fix for recurring fan disc inspections. The SPZ-8500 avionics were reliable, but operators docked them points for slow response to programming changes, especially the perceived limitations in NZ-2000 FMS performance. (See “Honeywell SPZ-8500 Avionics” sidebar.) Operators said the bleed air system needs minor improvements, most notably smoother scheduling of the fifth-stage lowpressure and eighth-stage high-pressure bleed during high-altitude descents to prevent a slight surging in cabin pressurization. At present, operators say they turn on the wing anti-ice to increase the bleed air demand when they begin the initial descent. That puts more demand on the system, thereby eliminating the surges. Gulfstream is in the process of certifying new ACM www.AviationNow.com/BCA pack inlet valves and new pressure controllers that will be available as a no-charge upgrade by June. The fuel quantity management system received a few gripes. Lockheed’s Tedesco, for instance, said he’s had problems with fuel quantity probes and connectors, plus the selectable quantity refill system. The GV is designed with three-zone climate control, divided into cockpit, forward cabin and aft cabin sections. Some operators said temperature and air flow control in the cockpit needs improvement. Gulfstream now has identified the problem and a completely redesigned air duct system is being installed in production aircraft. The firm is evaluating an optional retrofit kit for older aircraft. Early GV aircraft had high hydraulic pump failure rates. Each engine was fitted with a pair of Vickers pumps for redundancy. This configuration proved unreliable, so Gulfstream retrofitted the fleet with single-side Abex pumps. Operators reported no pump failures after the modification. The hydraulic system of the aircraft, similar to earlier Gulfstreams, also has an auxiliary subsection incorporated in the left-side hydraulic system. The aux system has an electric pump enabling it to power the flaps, landing gear and main gear doors, main entry door actuators and wheel brakes when the engine-driven pumps are not operating. Unlike the GIV’s, the aux system, rather than the main left-side system, also powers the nosewheel steering. This means that a leak in the nosewheel steering (NWS) system can completely deplete all fluid in the left-side system, including the two-gallon reserve in the aux reservoir, if the aux pump is turned on continuously. Operators caution that a few GV aircraft have suffered complete loss of all left-side hydraulic func- tions when the NWS system developed a serious leak and the pilots turned on the aux pump. Gulfstream subsequently developed more-robust NWS components to prevent possible leaks. The overall grade for the wheel brakes was a basic “B.” However, operators praised the system for having strong stopping power and long life. Gulfstream is continuing development of smoother braking action for the GV. Exterior paint and interior completions rated “B” as well. Operators said that the new paint shop at Gulfstream Long Beach center had initial quality control problems, but a few operators also said the problem was more widespread. Most of the shortcomings seem to have resulted from the transition to low volatility paints in the early to mid-1990s, coatings that are more difficult to apply than well-proven, linear polyurethane paints. Some operators also said they’ve have problems with wood veneers delaminating from cabinet structures and cracking in high-gloss wood finishes. Most of the problems were resolved under warranty. Gulfstream officials said that the root causes of such deficiencies have been identified and eliminated. The Long Beach facility’s quality control now is on a par with Exterior paint and interior completions rated “B.” The overall grade for the wheel brakes was a basic “B.” However, operators praised the system for having strong stopping power and long life. www.AviationNow.com/BCA Gulfstream Product Support: Best in Class, Priced Accordingly Operators praised Gulfstream for superb product support. “On three different occasions, we needed them here now,” reported Greg Kesel, who flies a GV for Rochester Aviation. “And they were here now.” For folks within two or three hours of Savannah, Gulfstream dispatches its dedicated G100 with parts for critical AOG situations. A premium price tag accompanies such top-notch support, operators said. While Gulfstream reduced prices on 2,700 items in April 2002 and 7,000 more parts in October 2004, operators still wince when they look at invoices. Gulfstream’s best completion centers, according to the manufacturer. FlightSafety International and CAE SimuFlite now provide initial and recurrent simulator training services, a choice lauded by operators. Grades for the two firms were closely matched, with FSI earning a slight edge. Operators said the competition caused FSI to improve its offerings considerably, but SimuFlite beats its rival on price. SimuFlite lost a few points to FSI for the quality of its classroom instruction, according to operators. Product support from Gulfstream, RollsRoyce and Honeywell received good to marks from operators. Long-Term Loyalty, But Temptation Lurks Most operators are so enamored with the GV’s reliability and Gulfstream’s product support that it would take serious temptation to make them consider another brand of long-range aircraft. “Each [ultra-long-range] aircraft has its shining moments,” commented Marathon Oil’s Radkey. “The GV does everything far better than we had hoped, and some competitors have had teething problems. This is the best of the three offerings and it sailed through delivery with no problems,” he said Business & Commercial Aviation ■ March 2005 39 Operators Survey Honeywell SPZ-8500 Avionics: Proven and Reliable, but Slow When Honeywell’s SPZ-8000 made its debut in the mid-1980s, it set new standards for performance, capabilities and display technology. In keeping with the GV’s evolutionary design, Gulfstream chose a low-risk derivative of the GIV-SP’s SPZ-8400 for the cockpit of its newest long-range business jet. The race was on to beat the Global Express to the market and Gulfstream wanted no unexpected twists en route to the winner’s circle. Since the GV entered service in the mid-1990s, though, avionics technology has leaped forward at a record pace, raising operators’ expectations regarding avionics system performance. By today’s standards, the SPZ-8500 just seems too slow, according to some GV operators. The NZ-2000, in particular, was criticized for being too slow to handle its complex 3-D navigation tasks, including step climbs and vertical navigation waypoint/altitude crossing restrictions. Honeywell officials say the FMS’s Pentium CPU has plenty of reserve power, but 3-D performance computations are complex. As for performance computation enhancements inside the NZ-2000, a Honeywell representative said, “I don’t see much change.” But Honeywell is working on reducing data transfer cross-loading delays between FMSes. If triple FMSes are installed, though, more time is required to cross-load data between systems. Honeywell is working on a reduced message set that will speed up the cross-loading function. John O’Meara, Gulfstream’s flight test director, said it’s also important to load flight plan changes into the master FMS rather than the slave unit. And the most FMS-proficient pilot in the cockpit should program the system. He says he has not experienced undue delays when using the NZ-2000 and SPZ-8500 avionics package, but he’s also one of the world’s most experienced GV pilots. Operators also complained about poor reliability of the infrared EVS camera. Gulfstream and Kollsman made improvements to the IR camera, boosting average reliability in G550s to 3,000 hours. As IR cameras are returned for service, they’re fitted with upgraded sensors. This should boost MTBF to 10,000 hours, Gulfstream officials claim. Gulfstream officials also say that even when it’s working per fectly, EVS won’t see through wet clouds, and warm inversion layers cause some background blooming. Passengers also have had problems with the satellite TV system. Honeywell officials say it’s mainly the result of making the transition from one satellite to another. This requires tracking of a new satellite and frequently a channel change. Honeywell is working on a software upgrade that will make better transitions between TV satellites. 40 Business & Commercial Aviation ■ March 2005 while comparing the GV with the Global Express and Falcon 900EX. “It’s proven, rock-solid technology; it’s an evolution from [Grumman] Bethpage,” said TAG Aviation’s Saul. “Gulfstream Aerospace is financially sound, and there are large numbers of GV aircraft in the fleet, resulting in a broad field of expertise, and good logistics and technical support.” Notably, Bombardier’s delayed entry into the 6,000-plus-nm range business aircraft market enabled Gulfstream to deliver 50 percent more GVs than Global Express aircraft into service up until 2002. “Gulfstream’s customer support is far superior. The GV’s overall performance is impressive, and it has better resale value,” said Countrywide’s Johnson. Indeed, GVs appear to retain a higher percentage of original purchase price in the resale market. The GV, however, needs a wider cabin for ultra-long-range missions, operators such as TAG’s Saul, Radical Ventures’ Taylor and a Northwest U.S. operator, among others, said. One large fleet operator who operates a GV and a Global Express said his chairman always takes the Global unless he needs the extra range offered by the GV. And with deliveries of the longer range Global Express XRS now pending, the temptation to change brands will become greater. But Gulfstream’s product support was the turning point in many sales competitions. “Global Express just didn’t have the reputation for customer support,” said Kesel of Rochester Aviation. It’s considerably improved now, but GV customers still say Bombardier has a long way to go to catch up with Gulfstream. For now, the GV and its successors the G500 and G550 retain the lead in this market segment. The later models entice GV operators to upgrade with promises of more available cabin room, the PlaneView cockpit, 250 miles more range and improved runway performance. Balance is the bottom line for the GV. “I’ve been flying Gulfstreams since 1980. The Gulfstream is the one to be on whether in front or in back,” said TAG’s Saul. “It has reliability, capability and flexibility so you can fly when and where you need. You’ll have to send no regrets to your chairman,” said SCI’s Wilson. “It’s a helluva lot of fun to fly. It’s the epitome of what you’d love to fly all the way to retirement,” said Rochester Aviation’s Kesel. “ This is what it boils down t o: It has range, reliability, performance and product support,” attested Lockheed-Martin’s Tedesco. GV operators savor this overall mix of qualities. “It’s just a great blend,” said Starbucks’ Jim Bennett. Comments like those smell sweet to the folks in Savannah. B&CA www.AviationNow.com/BCA