THE SYDNEY MORNING CROISSANT - The International French

THE SYDNEY MORNING
CROISSANT
CYCLONE PAM
What really happened in
Vanuatu?
HEALTH
Puberty: The Worst Part of
Childhood
NATURE
The Hard Life of Sea Turtles
2015 Online Issue
The Sydney Morning Croissant is a
new kind of magazine. It was
produced thanks to the combined
efforts of a group of Year 6 and 7
students from the International
French School of Sydney during a few
hours of English class time.
The articles within therefore reflect
the interests, the writing skills (and
difficulties) of the students who wrote
them. Collectively they chose the
name of the magazine, decided on
the table of contents and wrote the
articles you will soon be reading
yourself.
What is more, before the publication
of this first issue, very little editing
was done. The articles were
proofread by the students
themselves and only the most
obvious remaining mistakes were
weeded out by me.
Because there are so many different
articles to pick from, from in-depth
articles on current affairs to sea
turtles, I feel sure that there is
something in this magazine for you
too. If not, perhaps you prefer a more
challenging read… and should have
a look at the The Sydney Morning
Croissant’s sister magazine The
International Waffle Online.
Enjoy your read!
The Editor
Editorial staff
Amaury, Arthur, Charles, Diego,
Felix, Hugo, Joao, Joseph, Jules, Leo,
Nicolas, Nils, Prisca, Raphael, Tom.
Table of contents
World
o
o
o
o
Pam – What really happened in Vanuatu
Matsumoto Castle
Hayman Island
The History of the Samuraï
Health
o
o
o
o
Puberty
Effects of Sport on our Bodies
Poisonous Pollution
The Good and Bad of Gaming
Science & Tech
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Ansto
Bayer
The different types of gaming consoles
The evolution of videogames
Connected Houses
Self driving cars
The Bugatti Veyron
IEM bombs
The Pros and Cons of Hacking
Recreation
o
o
o
o
o
The history of skateboards
The saxophone
Everything you ever wanted to know
about the Rubik cube
Riding waves
Candy
Nature
o
o
o
o
The life of a sea turtle
The Octopus
Huskies –Their biggest secret revealed
Clever Cuttlefish
World
PAM- What really hit Vanuatu?
Vanuatu was recently hit by a cyclone
called “PAM”. It has caused a lot of damage to
the three biggest islands with a wind blowing
at around 250 kilometres an hour near the
eye. The capital, Port Vila, is part of the most
damaged cities.
It precisely hit Vanuatu on the 6th of
March and caused a lot of damage.
Many of the surrounding islands still
need to be explored but the death count
reaches -at the moment- 24 deaths.
BUT HOW WAS THE CYCLONE CREATED?
个
That is the question everyone is asking.
AERIAL VIEW OF THE CYCLONE
And we have the answer: The cyclone formed
because of a low pressure pouch somewhere
in the Atlantic Ocean. After a while the winds
directed Pam to Vanuatu and pushed it there.
It then started its serious damage.
Amaury
个
MAP OF THE VANUATU
World
Matsumoto Castle
Matsumoto castle is the oldest castle in Japan.
It is considered as a National Treasure. It was
built in 1504 during the Sangoku period and
was used by samurais from 1504 to 1868. In
1872, the castle was sold in auction for
redevelopment. It is now a museum with
armours, swords, guns, weapons and other
local Japanese objects.
The castle is surrounded by water and it is a
flatland castle because it is not built on a
hilltop or amid rivers, but on a plain.
This castle is well preserved because it has
never been attacked.
Jules, Japan expert
World
Portugal is a small country on the
west coast of Europe, where people
speak Portuguese. The capital of the
country is Lisbon. In 2013, Portugal
had a population of 10.46million
people.
Portugal is famous for its beautiful
beaches. There are many of these
where you can surf. Portugal even
has a beach where the biggest waves
can be surfed. In 2012, Garret
McNamara surfed in Portugal the
biggest wave in the world. It was 100
feet high (32 m)
Portugal also has a lot of different and
good food. The food from the north
part of Portugal has a different taste
to that in the south part.
Likewise, in Portugal, the accent of
the language changes from the north
to the south.
Portugal is also a famous country for
its soccer skills. Portugal has also
excellent soccer players like Ronaldo
who is now the best player in the
world.
Joao geography specialist
Portugal
World
Hayman Island
Not far from the Great Barrier
Reef, Hayman Island is known as
paradise on Earth for his tropical
weather and beautiful corals.
Location: Hayman Island is in the
Whitsundays archipelago, near
Hamilton Island, located in
Queensland, in Australia.
Tourism: Hayman Island is a great
place to discover and to visit. It is a
place you cannot miss!
Hugo Jumel
The International Waffle
World
The History of the Samurais
The two most powerful of the
landowning clans, the Minamoto and
Taira, eventually challenged the
central government and battled each
other for supremacy over the entire
country.
The
samurais/
bushies
were
Japanese
soldiers
who
fought
between 1603 and 1867. They used
martial arts to defeat their enemies.
They also used weapons such as
bows, katanas, nunchakus and the
first guns... Their principal weapon
was the katana (a Japanese sword).
For a samurai, this weapon wis their
soul.
Minamoto
Yoritomo emerged
victorious and set up a new military
government in 1192, led by
the shogun or
supreme
military
commander. The samurai would rule
over Japan for most of the next 700
years.
The country was eventually reunited
in the late 1500s, and a rigid social
caste system was established during
the Edo Period that placed the
samurai at the top, followed by the
farmers, artisans and merchants
respectively. During this time, the
samurai were forced to live in castle
towns, where they were the only
people allowed to own and carry
swords and were paid in rice.
Masterless
samurai
were
called Ronin.
Leistner leo
Samurais were supposed to lead their
lives according to the ethical code of
Bushido ("the way of the warrior").
Strongly Confucian in
nature,
Bushido stressed the concepts of
loyalty to one's master, self-discipline
and respect. Many samurais were
also drawn to the teachings and
practices of Zen Buddhism.
Health
Puberty: the worst part of childhood
What is puberty? :
About two years before you notice any
changes, your brain starts the work that will
eventually change you from a child to an
adult.
Hormones are chemicals that are made by
one part of your body (a gland) to act on a
different part, such as bones. For example a
gland in your brain makes growth hormones,
and it works by making your legs, feet and
arm bones grow longer. You have many
hormones that travel around in your
bloodstream doing different jobs.
When does it happen? :
For
girls
For
boys
Puberty can start between the ages of
8-13 years but often the first changes
happen around 10 or 11 years.
The first changes often happen a bit
later than they do for girls, between
10 and 15 years. With quite a lot of
boys the first changes start to happen
when they are around 11 or 12 years
old.
As we are all different we can go through
puberty at different times and at different
rates. Some people seem to go through all the
changes easily and others may have a few
problems.
Changes on girls:
 Bodies become curvier and hip bones
widen.
 There is weight gain, particularly on
the hips. This does not mean you have
to start a diet to lose weight. In fact
you would be unhealthy if you did not
put on some weight. It just means
that you are getting a womanly shape.




Just continue to eat healthy foods and
get regular exercise.
Muscles get bigger and stronger, but
they do not show up as much as boys'
muscles.
Breasts start to develop. First there is
a small swelling under the nipples,
and then the whole breast area starts
to get bigger.
Menstruation starts.
You may get some whitish jelly from
your vagina before or in between
periods.
Changes on boys:

Hair starts to grow on your body. It
also grows on your face as a beard or
moustache. It gets thicker and darker
towards the end of puberty.

You get erections sometimes because
you're nervous or excited and
other times it just happens by
itself!

You may have 'nocturnal emissions' or
wet dreams while you are sleeping.
The 'wet' stuff is semen and you
haven't wet the bed! It is also a
normal part of growing up.
Joao
Health
The Effects of Sports on our Bodies
Sports have positive effects on your
health. Firstly, you become fitter.
Secondly, one of the best ways to
lose weight is to do a bit of jogging.
Thirdly, sports make you sleep well.
Some sports make you grow
bigger too like swimming and
basketball because you stretch out a
lot and grow taller. Some sports
however, make you shorter like long
distance running.
For example,
when you finish a marathon you are
approximately 2cm shorter. Luckily
this is not permanent. That is why
after your training session or your
competition,
stretching
out
is
necessary and not doing it can lead
to serious injuries.
Raphael
When you do sport there are 2
things you must do:
+ Stretch before trainings and
competitions. You will have fewer
injuries.
+ Drink. You need to stay
hydrated all the time otherwise you
will probably have cramps.
There are also things you
mustn’t do when you are doing
sports:
-Smoking blocks your lungs
and makes your breathing harder
and painful.
-Doping is also bad for two
reasons. Firstly, it isn’t really fairplay; and secondly, it makes you go
beyond your body limits. This can
lead to severe injuries.
Health
Poisonous Pollution
On the environment and animals:
When a tanker hits a reef, the water seeps in
and the fuel leaks out which causes black
tides. When a fish absorbs fuel it dies, same
for the seagulls that eat the polluted fish.
Plants like anemones, coral, seaweed and
many other sea plants can also die.
On the ground, it can also cause the death of
many animals: the fuel goes into the ground,
where it pollutes the plants which the
herbivores eat and are in turn eaten by the
carnivores.
On our health:
In poor countries the water is not drinkable
and often polluted, so when poor people
drink that water they have diarrhoea and
many other diseases.
For the asthmatic, the gases that cars reject
are very dangerous. These go into people’s
lungs which causes violent coughing which
they can kill them.
According to the International Organization of
Health 3,000,000 people die each year
because of the influence of atmospheric
pollution.
Félix Frichet
Health
TheGames
Good and Bad Things About Gaming
The Effects of Video
Sometimes you play a bit on video
games for fun, but what will happen if
you play too much?
The bad things:
If you play too many war games, after
a long time you will attack people
like in your games and you will go to
jail.
The good things:
-Creative games develop your brain
and you will become more
intelligent.
-Sports games will teach you how to
play sports and also some useful
techniques.
If you play to many adventure games,
you will go on an adventure and you
could die or be hurt.
Tom
Science & Tech
Different Types of Consoles
Ps3
There are 3 different types of Play
Station 3s: the ps3, the ps3 slim and
the ps3 super slim.
-The ps3 was created in 2005 by Sony
Computer Entertainment, a Japanese
company. It first appeared on 11th
November 2006.
-The ps3 slim was also created by
Sony Computer Entertainment. It
makes a lot more noise compared to
the original one but much less
compared to the super slim version.
-The ps3 super slim has the DVD
player on the top of it and it is
accessible only if you push sideways
the top of it. It uses less electricity
than the slim version.
Ps4
The ps4 appeared in 2013 in North
America; it was also created by Sony
Computer Entertainment. Compared
to the ps3 the ps4 it is a lot more
rectangular. The graphics of the ps4
are lot more detailed than the
previous console and are therefore
ready for the next-generation of
games.
Next-generation X-box 720
The x-box 720 is a new generation
console. With it, you have a joystick
with a little touch screen and a touch
key pad. You don’t necessarily have
to be on a TV because of the screen
and the joystick. This console has not
arrived in Europe yet, but it is a big
step ahead for gamers.
There are two different types of Xbox
Xbox ones:
These come with gamepads that have
wires and are not really expensive.
Wireless gamepads are the one they
want you to buy because they are a
lot more expensive.
Next-Generation (Next-Gen): The
Next-Gen consoles or games are the
new ones that have some very
sophisticated graphics and game
play.
Example: GTA5, The New Order,
Evolve…
Felix Frichet
Science & Tech
An Interview with Bayer
Q: Does Bayer have any other
activities?
Bayer has activities in chemical
products: plastics and many sorts of
materials. Bayer also has a soccer
team (Bayer Leverkusen).
Q: When was Bayer founded?
Bayer is a German company. It was
founded in August 1st 1863 in Barmen
in Wuppertal in the North-West of
Germany. But then the headquarters
were moved to Leverkusen
(Germany). The founders were
Friedrich Bayer and Johann Friedrich
Weskott .
Q: What is Bayer’s most recent
product?
Bayer’s most recent product is called Eylea™,
an eye medicine for the treatment of agerelated macular degeneration. This product
was discovered in 2013.
Q: What made Bayer famous?
Bayer is well known for its original
brand of aspirin . This medicine is
use to relieve pain, fever and
inflammation. The first aspirin was
created in 1899 .
Q: Where is Bayer located today?
Bayer industries are located practically all
around the world but the headquarters are
still in Leverkusen (Germany).
Q: What does Bayer produce?
Bayer produces many types of
medicine: veterinary , plant
biotechnology , Diabetes, Women
health product …
Q: Can you explain to me Bayer’s
logo?
The company's corporate logo, the Bayer
cross, was introduced in 1904. It consists of
the horizontal word "BAYER" crossed with the
vertical word "BAYER", both words sharing
the "Y", and enclosed in a circle.
Charles Ruggirello
Science & Tech
The Ansto Nuclear Reactor
Ansto is an Australian, government-owned company with a nuclear reactor.
Ansto was created in 1987. The name stands for Australian Nuclear Science and Technology
Organization. The company behind the name is usually known for its nuclear reactor at Lucas
Heights. Working there are over 1,000 employees. Right now, they are undertaking two major
projects: EMU and DINGO. EMU is a microscope, a big one. With EMU, you can see beyond tiny.
DINGO, on the other hand is a type of x-ray. Both of these machines use nuclear energy.
This is Ansto’s nuclear reactor.
Joseph
Science & Tech
The History of Video Gaming
In 1972, Pong was created. It is a
tennis simulator.
In 1998 the 3rd Zelda was
developed.
In 1981, Mario appeared in Donkey
Kong. The goal of the game is to
reach the top of the tower while
Donkey Kong is throwing some
barrels at you. During this game,
Mario is called the jump-man.
Meanwhile, Pokemon was an
enormous success in the USA.
In 1985, Tetris was created. The
object of the game is to align bricks.
In 2000, the first X-Box games were
introduced. After 2000, the evolution
of all games were accelerated. For
example, the evolution of tomb
Raider:
In 1886, the first Mario was
developed with the first Zelda. In
1991, the second Zelda was invented
and Sonic was a huge success. Mario
already led his red Kart with the first
Super Mario Kart.
The new video games (next-gen)
have very sophisticated graphics for
example:
Evolve:
In 1996, the adventure and survival
game Tomb Raider started a new
generation of games.
Leistner leo
Science & Tech
Connected Homes
These days technology is evolving and getting better. So, what if a house was
connected to all that technology, think what it could mean!
Well today such houses exist or are being created by Samsung.
There are some of the amazing functionalities in the Samsung smart house.
Imagine being at work and at the same time cleaning your house via your phone.
This is now possible with the Samsung smart house. You can now also see on your
phone when your laundry is ready if you are too lazy to stand up and wait or you
are doing something else. You won’t have to scroll the movie menu to find the
movie you want to watch either. All you’ll need to do is use the voice command!
Voice command will allow you to change movies when you are watching TV.
Diego
Future
self
Science
& Tech
drivingSelf-Driving
car Cars
This car is the Mercedes-Benz F015.It is able to self drive without any traditional eye contact between
the driver and pedestrians. Mercedes-Benz has included a special mode to detect pedestrians by
activating a laser system. It marks
a virtual zebra crossing on the
road surface while prompting the
pedestrian with an audible "please
go ahead" message from external
speakers.
Moreover, the F015 can carry
up to four people. It has two
electric motors, including a new
hydrogen propelled fuel cell
system. It will be released in 2030
as it has passed all the security
tests. The first prototype was test
driven in 2010.
Described as the most highly
developed concept car ever
constructed by Mercedes-Benz, the F015 is the futuristic luxury automobile. Equipped with stereo
cameras, it has sensors all around. The car can therefore detect movement in the area surrounding the car.
The car can also operate fully autonomously when commanded by the driver, who is then able to
concentrate on other tasks.
This car has new integrated software (electronic devices …) which can access the Internet and contact
people by E-mail, telephone. The software includes artificial intelligence you can talk to. The car has four
doors, all doors open at an angle of 90 degree to provide easy access to the interior. The F015 has an
outer shell made out of carbon reinforced with plastic.
Josey and Charles
Science & Tech One of the fastest cars in the world
The Bugatti Veyron is one of the fastest cars in the world. It is really expensive because it is hand
made.
The Bugatti Veyron is a really fast car. It can go at about 400km/h. The car is very small inside it
is 45.6 inches wide. The price of the Bugatti Veyron is 1,3$ million and it has only two seats. It was first
made in Alsace and comes from France.
The Bugatti Veyron has a tail that is very special as it changes position according
to the speed of the car.
Nicolas
Science & Tech
EMP bombs
EMP bombs do not cause a big explosion. They are electromagnetic pulse bombs. This means they
destabilize everything electric, to about three kilometres around. An antenna on the top of an EMP
bomb sends microwaves which also makes windows explode. This weapon was developed by the
Americans very recently (we don’t know the exact date). To work, the bomb has to be dropped from
a very high altitude or even from space.
Detonator
Copper
coil
Barrel
Explosives
Armature
Antenna
Electromagnetic pulse
Leo Leistner
Hacking: The advantages and consequences
Science & Tech
The Pros and Cons of Hacking
Hacking these days is popular and everyday people do it more and more often
because they aren’t punished for doing it. For example, everyday people
download or watch movies on the Internet. They stream movies, which is illegal in
Australia and more than 80% of people who stream don’t even know they are
outlaws. In fact, they only realize they are doing something wrong when they get
a virus which makes their computer malfunction. They then need to go see a
computer specialist to help them fix their computer. Here is a photo of a hacked
movie free stream website which has been removed from the internet:
But it isn’t always bad to hack. For example hacking games which can make you
better at that game which is also illegal because normally if you want to be better
at that game you need to pay the company that makes the game and if you hack it
you do not pay which is illegal . Also if you hack games, email addresses and
other things, you have a risk of going to jail if the police finds you so you really
have to know what you are doing or else you can go to jail. But they are not
always punished because the group is called the ‘’Anonymous’’ who hack for
their surveillance and who are currently hacking jihadist’s Facebook and Twitter
accounts.
Diego Berdaa
Recreation
Everything about the Rubik’s Cube
History
Ernő Rubik, who was a Hungarian architect, invented the Rubik’s cube in 1974.
He wanted students to learn about 3D geometry and to find how three
dimensions could move in three different axes yet stay together.
Types
Now there are lots of different types of Rubik’s
Cubes: 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 5x5, 6x6, 7x7, 17x17, petaminx,
Megaminx, pyraminx, mirror cube, snake, gear cube,
2x2 gear cube…
Records
They have created some competitions and here are the world records:
Type
Record
2x2
0,69s
3x3
5,55s
Type
Record
pyraminx
1,36s
megaminx
42,28s
3x3 blindfolded
21,17s
Skewb
9,21s
3x3 one handed 8,75s
3x3 with feet
25,14s
4x4
21,97s
5x5
48,42s
6x6
1:40,86m
7x7
2:38,93m
Arthur Berthet-Bondet
Photo
miror cube 16,33
Photo
Recreation
Riding Waves
Surfing has probably existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.
Standing up on what is now called a proper surfboard is a relatively recent
innovation developed by the Polynesians. Surfboards used to be in wood and
they were very heavy. Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the
ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or
tidal bore.
What is Surfing??:
The modern-day definition of surfing, most
often refers to a surfer riding a wave
standing up on a surfboard. This is also
referred to as stand-up surfing. Two major
subdivisions within standing-up surfing are
long boarding and short boarding. The
Guinness Book of World Records
recognized a 78 feet (23.8 m) wave ride by
Garrett McNamara at Nazaré, Portugal as
the largest wave ever surfed.
Priority on the wave:
Basically, the surfer who is closest to the breaking part of the wave has priority. If a surfer is
up and riding a wave, then it's that surfer's wave. This is most easily explained with a
diagram. Let's make it into a little quiz. Who has right-of-way? Is it surfer A, B, C, or D?
2015 Men's Championship Tour Ranking:
1st :FILIPE TOLEDO BRA
2nd:JULIAN WILSON AUS
3rd:ADRIANO DE SOUZA BRA
4th:MIGUEL PUPO BRA
5th:MICK FANNING AUS
ANSWER: D
NICOLAS CLARENS
Sports correspondent
Recreation
A piano is a musical instrument.
The piano was invented in 1655–1731
by Bartolomeo Cristofori:
The Piano
The damper pedal is for
making the note longer when you
press on it.
The sostenuto pedal is the pedal to
make the sound softer when you
press on it, you can also press on it
and then put it to the left to block it.
Each keyboard connects you to a
section of the action inside the piano.
Through the action of striking a key,
each keyboard moves a hammer that
strikes a string or set of strings to
create vibrations. When you press
down on the front of a keyboard, the
back rises up like a seesaw and sets
the action in motion. The keyboard is
therefore much longer than what you
see from the outside of the piano.
Depending on how you push
and hold the keys, you can make the
sound louder or softer and longer or
shorter. When you let up on the
keyboard, the sound should stop
except if you press on the damper
pedal.
The soft pedal is to mute the sound
when you press on it.
In a grand piano and in most
vertical pianos, the action sits
horizontal to the keyboard. In spinet
pianos, the action hangs off the back
of the keyboard.
This is a spinet piano:
This is a grand piano:
These are the pedals:
By: Prisca Fontana Giusti
Recreation
Candy also called lollies or sweets
are basically made out of sugar. You
normally eat one for pleasure not to
feed yourself.
Everybody usually eats candy with
their fingers as a snack between
meals or at a birthday party.
The flavours are peach, mint,
strawberry, caramel, banana,
raspberry and lemon but there are
many others too.
There are also chewing-gums.
Chewing-gum is used for chewing
Candy
and not for swallowing. Like any
candy, chewing gum is very
dangerous for your teeth. Because of
this, candy experts have created
chewing-gum without sugar (which is
still a little bit dangerous for your
teeth).
There are many sorts of candies so I
am listing you a few of my favourites:
the gummy bear, the gummy snake,
the chewing-gum, the kit-kat and
many more....
There are many candy industries but
Haribo is a very famous one.
Felix
Nature
The Hard Life of Sea Turtles
It’s a hard life for sea turtles who now also have to face water pollution from humans.
The sea turtle’s life cycle starts when a mum lays her eggs on a beach. After 6 weeks, the egg starts
breaking and a tiny little turtle starts running towards the sea. It is really hard because baby turtles
cannot go fast and there are plenty of crabs and seals trying to grab them and eat them as they pass.
What is known as ‘The lost years’ are the 10 years during which the turtles grow up to be juveniles.
Because they often swim in unknown spaces, we simply don’t have much information as to this part
of their lives.
Adulthood starts 10 to 15 years after hatching. The male reaches sexual maturity and is able to
mate. Afterwards, the female returns to the area where she was born to lay her own eggs. She will
come back every 3 years to lay more eggs, always in the same area.
-Quick tip: a turtle lives approximately 100 years but human activities kills many of them. Humans
should stop throwing out their rubbish in the ocean.
Jules, underwater expert
Nature
The Octopus
The octopus is an aquatic animal. It has eight tentacles, three hearts, nine
brains and blue blood. The
to its environment.
octopus is a fascinating creature that adapts
The octopus can camouflage itself by
changing the colours of its skin which
is helpful when it needs to hide from
a predator or to trap its prey. It also
changes its form and has no internal
or external skeleton. It feeds on small
crabs, scallops, some snails, fish,
turtles, and other octopuses. Some
big octopuses can even kill sharks.
They catch their prey with their arms,
and then kill it by biting it with their
tough beak, paralysing the prey with
a nerve poison, and softening the
flesh. They then suck out the flesh.
They hunt at night. 300 species have
been recognised and the most
venomous is the blue-ringed
octopus.
The octopus lives in very shallow
waters to 3 miles deep and inhabits
the three oceans. It usually prefers
protected areas such as coral reefs,
rocky ground and ocean floors. The
octopus has several predators: sea
otters, seals, sea lions, minks, dogfish
sharks, lingcod,
wolf eels, salmon, dolphins,
cormorants, and several species
of whales. The common octopus can
grow up to 1.3 metres wide and can
weigh up to 10 kilograms, but the
biggest (the giant pacific octopus)
can measure up to 9.1 metres in
length and can weigh up to 272
kilograms.
The octopus is an invertebrate.
The octopus is not an endangered
species but humans take too many
out of the oceans and the octopus
could become an endangered
species. To defend itself the octopus
can make a cloud of ink and run
away.
Raphael Pradier
Nature
Huskies- Their biggest secret revealed
Huskies are incredible dogs, not only
are they among the fastest and toughest
dogs, they are also pretty beautiful with their
different colours of fur.
But their fur is also a drawback as it
prevents them from sweating and so letting
out any excess heat. The technique used by
all other dogs (opening their mouths, poking
out their tongues, panting) is not enough to
let the excess heat get out when under a
thick coat of fur. If nature hadn’t given them
another technique, these dogs would not be
able to run far and fast without having a core
temperature (inside temperature, taken
inside the chest) too high meaning
overheating or even dying.
But, what is this technique? Well, they
actually have these tiny blood vessels called
capillaries right under the protective skin of
their paws which means that as the blood
passes in those capillaries it is cooled down
by the air or even the snow/ice (don’t forget
they are from some of the coldest regions of
the world ).
There are many types of different
huskies but the main one is the Siberian
husky as many of the others are cross-breeds
(i.e.: the blue-eyed husky).
Amaury.
Nature
Clever Cuttlefish
The cuttlefish is an underwater animal. Smart
enough to change color, shape and even
size. Cuttlefish are marine animals of the
order of sepiida. They belong to the class of
cephalopodan; which also includes squid,
octopods, and nautilus. Cuttlefish have a
single internal shell, known as the
cuttlebone.
The cuttlefish eats small molluscs like crabs
or prawns. But it is not the safest animal. Its
predators are bigger sea-dwellers like
dolphins or sharks, even seals. Average life
expectancy is about 2 years. On the photo
you can see a cuttlefish using its tongue to
catch pray from a distance.
Cuttlefish have a W shaped pupil, blue blood
and a donut-shaped brain. They are more
likely to be seen in shallow waters. Like the
mimic octopus they change shape when they
feel threatened. During the breeding season,
cuttlefish change their patterns. They now
look like zebras. They do not blend in as well
anymore but this is, in any case, the last
season of their lives. The males fight before
breeding.
Nils