Series 01 (normal histology)

The Oral Histology Series
Series 1
Oral Histology Primer
DAVID E. KLINGMAN, Lt Col, USAF, DC
Views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not reflect official policy or position of the United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or US Government.
ORAL MUCOSA (STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM):
SB = STRATUM BASALE, SS = STRATUM SPINOSUM, SG = STRATUM GRANULOMATOSUM, SC = STRATUM CORNEUM,
CT = CONNECTIVE TISSUE
SC
SG
SS
SB
CT
PARAKERATINIZED MUCOSA (NUCLEI PRESENT IN STRATUM CORNEUM)
HYPERORTHOKERATOSIS (NO NUCLEI IN STRATUM CORNEUM, WITH A PROMINENT GRANULAR CELL LAYER)
STRATUM BASALE (BASAL LAYER) HIGHLIGHTED; A MITOTIC FIGURE IN METAPHASE IS NOTED (ARROW)
STRATUM SPINOSUM (SPINOUS LAYER) HIGHLIGHTED:
HEMIDESMOSOMAL ATTACHMENTS CAN BE IDENTIFIED AS HAIR-LIKE INTERCONNECTIONS BETWEEN CELLS
(THESE ARE THE ‘TARGETS’ FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS SUCH AS AUTOANTIBODIES IN PEMPHIGUS)
STRATUM GRANULOSUM (DARKLY STAINING GRANULAR LAYER) AND STRATUM CORNEUM (KERATIN)
SO-CALLED “PAPILLARY (HYPER)ORTHOKERATOSIS”
THIS IS THE TYPE OF KERATOSIS THAT MAY BE SEEN IN SMOKELESS TOBACCO KERATOSIS AND PROLIFERATIVE
VERRUCOUS LEUKOPLAKIA
PARAKERATOTIC EPITHELIUM
SEBACEOUS ELEMENTS (FORDYCE GRANULES, BLUE ARROW)
MINOR SALIVARY GLAMD ELEMENTS (RED ARROW)
PARAKERATOTIC EPITHELIUM
SEBACEOUS ELEMENTS (FORDYCE GRANULES, BLUE ARROW)
MINOR SALIVARY GLAND ELEMENTS (RED ARROW)
ORAL SEBACEOUS ELEMENTS (FORDYCE GRANULES)
SKIN SEBACEOUS ELEMENTS (AS COMPONENTS OF HAIR FOLLICLES)
PARAKERATINIZED EPITHELIUM, FOCAL MELANOSIS, AND MELANIN INCONTINENCE (MELANOTIC MACULE)
ARROWS POINT TO MELANIN PIGMENT
TONGUE: FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE (RED ARROW) AND FILIFORM PAPILLAE (BLUE ARROW)
TONGUE: FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE (RED ARROW) AND FILIFORM PAPILLAE (BLUE ARROWS)
TONGUE: FOLIATE PAPILLA
TWO LYMPHOID FOLLICLES (WITH GERMINAL CENTERS) CAN BE IDENTIFIED
[THE LINGUAL AND PALATINE TONSILS, ADENOIDS, AND FOLIATE PAPILLAE COMPRISE WALDEYER’S RING]
TONGUE: FOLIATE PAPILLA AND 2 TASTE BUDS (ARROWS)
TONGUE: HYPERPLASTIC FOLIATE PAPILLA
A LYMPHOID ELEMENT IS NOTED (RED ARROW) AND A NERVE PLEXUS (BLUE ARROW)
TONGUE: HYPERPLASTIC FOLIATE PAPILLA
TASTE BUDS (RED ARROWS) AND A NERVE PLEXUS (BLUE ARROW)
THESE WORK TO COMMUNICATE TASTE SENSATION TO THE BRAIN
TONGUE: HYPERPLASTIC FOLIATE PAPILLA
TASTE BUDS (RED ARROWS)
TONGUE: CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLA (BISECTED)
TWO LYMPHOID AGGREGATES WITH GERMINAL CENTERS ARE NOTED
TONGUE: CIRCUMVALLATE PAPILLA, LYMPH FOLLICLE WITH GERMINAL CENTER
RED ARROW = GERMINAL CENTER; BLUE ARROW = MANTLE ZONE
GREEN ARROWS = TINGIBLE BODY MACROPHAGES (NORMAL; THESE ENGULF APOPTOTIC LYMPH CELLS)
FIBROMA WITH PROMINENT VASCULAR COMPONENT
BLOOD VESSELS (RED ARROWS), NERVE (BLUE ARROW)
BLOOD VESSEL (RED ARROW), NERVE (BLUE ARROWS)
NERVE
NERVE (INDIVIDUAL AXONS ARE IDENTIFIABLE, AS IS MYELIN WASHED OUT IN PROCESSING)
SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE
(THE IMAGE IS VIEWED WITH THE MICROSCOPE CONDENSER ON)
SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE
(THE IMAGE IS VIEWED WITH THE MICROSCOPE CONDENSER OFF, SHOWING THE STRIATIONS)
ADIPOSE TISSUE
HYPERPLASTIC LYMPH NODE (FLOOR OF MOUTH)
NOTE: WELL-FORMED GERMINAL CENTERS, WELL DEFINED ‘POLARIZED’ MANTLE ZONES
HYPERPLASTIC LYMPH NODE (FLOOR OF MOUTH)
NOTE: GERMINAL CENTER (LEFT), MANTLE ZONE (RIGHT)
HYPERPLASTIC LYMPH NODE (FLOOR OF MOUTH)
THE MANTLE ZONE IS COMPRISED OF SMALL LYMPHOCYTES
THE GERMINAL CENTER IS COMPOSED OF LARGER CELLS; MOST HAVE ‘CLEAVED’ OR SOMEWHAT ‘FOLDED’ NUCLEI
(THESE ARE CENTROCYTES AS OPPOSED TO CENTROBLASTS AS MIGHT BE SEEN IN LYMPHOMAS)
A MITOTIC FIGURE IS IDENTIFIED (ARROW)
PAROTID GLAND
SEROUS GLAND WITH BASOPHILIC GRANULAR CELLS (“ZYMOGEN GRANULES”); SEVERAL DUCTS ARE IDENTIFIED
THE BACKGROUND CONSISTS OF ADIPOSE TISSUE (COMMON IN PAROTID GLAND BIOPSY)
SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND
MIXED SEROMUCOUS GLAND (FORMING “SEROUS DEMILUNES” AROUND MUCOUS CELLS)
MIXED GLAND
PRDOMINANTLY MUCOUS ELEMENTS WITH SOME SEROUS DEMILUNES (MAY ALSO BE SUBLINGUAL GLAND)
A DUCT IS IDENTIFIED (UPPER LEFT); A CAPILLARY IS ALSO NOTED (LEFT)
MINOR SALIVARY GLAND (MUCOUS) ELEMENTS IN CLOSE ASSOCIATION WITH EPITHELIUM
MINOR SALIVARY GLAND (MUCOUS PRODUCING GLAND)
MINOR SALIVARY GLAND (MUCOUS PRODUCING GLAND)
MINOR SALIVARY GLAND DUCT
MINOR (MUCUS) GLANDS JUXTAPOSED TO ADIPOSE TISSUE
(EX. BUCCAL MUCOSA)
MINOR (MUCUS) GLANDS JUXTAPOSED TO SKELETAL MUSCLE
(EX. GLANDS OF BLANDEN NUHN IN TONGUE)
MINOR (MUCUS) GLANDS JUXTAPOSED TO RESPIRATORY TYPE EPITHELIUM
(EX. GLANDS LINING INFERIOR ASPECT OF MAXILLARY SINUS OR UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT
NOTE: THE RESPIRATORY MUCOSA IS ‘PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM’)
RESPIRATORY MUCOSA: ‘PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM’
RESPIRATORY MUCOSA: PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF STAIN HIGHLIGHTS (RED-STAINING) MUCUS CELLS [ARROWS]
PAS
45
NASAL CARTILAGE (UPPER AND RIGHT) WITH MINOR (MUCUS-PRODUCING) GLANDS IN THE NOSE
SKIN WITH HAIR FOLLICLE AND SEBACEOUS ELEMENT (LOWER LIP, EXTERNAL TO VERMILLION BORDER)
SKIN, LOWER LIP, DEMONSTRATING ORTHOKERATOSIS AND SOLAR ELASTOSIS (SLATE BLUE MATERIAL)
SOLAR ELASTOSIS REPRESENTS ACTINIC (SUN) DAMAGE TO COLLAGEN; NORMAL COLLAGEN IS PINK
DEVELOPING TEETH
ORAL EPITHELIUM (BLUE ARROW), EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC RESTS/RESTS OF SERREZ (GREEN ARROW)
A = BUD STAGE; B = BALL STAGE
A
B
DEVELOPING TEETH
EPITHELIAL ODONTOGENIC RESTS/RESTS OF SERREZ (GREEN ARROWS)
DEVELOPING TOOTH, BELL STAGE
IEE = INNER ENAMEL EPITHELIUM, OEE = OUTER ENAMEL EPITHELIUM, S = STELLATE RETICULUM
A = AMELOBLASTS, O = ODONTOBLASTS, P = PRIMITIVE PULP
OEE
O
S
IEE
A
P
TOOTH DEVELOMENT ARISES THROUGH AMELOBLASTS (DERIVED FROM ORAL ECTODERM) INDUCING ODONTOBLASTS
(DERIVED FROM ORAL MESENCHYME DEVELOPMENT INTO ODONTOBLASTS) TO PRODICE DENTIN, WHICH THEN INDUCES
AMELOBLASTS TO PRODUCE ENAMEL
TOOTH
P = PULP CANAL, D = DENTIN, C = CEMENTUM, L = PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT, B = BONE, F = (FATTY) MARROW
P
C
D
P
B
F
TOOTH
D = DENTIN, C = CEMENTUM, L = PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT, B = BONE
(BLOOD VESSELS ARE NOTED WITHIN THE PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT)
B
C
D
L
TOOTH
D = DENTIN, C = CEMENTUM, L = PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT, B = BONE, S = SHARPEY’S FIBERS
(BLOOD VESSELS ARE NOTED WITHIN THE PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT); R = ERYTHROCYTES
R
L
D
C
S
B
APEX OF TOOTH (T), D = DENTIN, C = CEMENTUM, L = PERIODONTAL LIGAMENT, B = BONE
D
L
B
C
T
VIABLE BONE; OSTEOCYTE NUCLEI (O) ARE NOTED WITHIN THE LACUNAE
O
VIABLE BONE (B); CELLULAR BONE MARROW (M)
M
B
CELLULAR BONE MARROW; M = MEGAKARYOCYTE
GENERALLY, THE MORE RED/PINK STAINING CELLS ARE MYELOID PRECURSORS AND THE MORE BLUE/PURPLE
STAINING CELLS ARE ERYTHROID (RED BLOOD CELL) PRECURSORS
M
ENAMEL (“FISH SCALES”)
DENTIN (DENTINAL TUBULES)