Skeleton notes

Chapter 7
The Skeletal System:The Axial Skeleton
• Axial Skeleton
– 80 bones
– lie along longitudinal axis
– skull, hyoid, vertebrae,
ribs, sternum, ear ossicles
• Appendicular Skeleton
– 126 bones
– upper & lower limbs and
pelvic & pectoral girdles
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Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes that serve as:
– Sites of attachment for muscles, ligaments, and
tendons
– Joint surfaces
– Conduits for blood vessels and nerves
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Condyle – large, rounded protuberance
which forms articulations
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Epicondyle – A prominence over a
condyle (bump)
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Crest – prominent ridge or border
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Head - rounded projection separated from the
main part of the bone by a constricted
region (neck)
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Tubercle – small, round projection
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Tuberosity – Large rounded process,
often with a roughened surface.
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Trochanter – a sharp, pointed process
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Line – a low ridge
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Facet – flat or shallow surface for
articulations
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Fovea- small, shallow depression
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Groove/sulcus – furrow that accommodates
a blood vessel, nerve, tendon, or other
soft structure
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Fossa – Depression or groove
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Notch- a deep indentation of the edge of
a bone
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Neck – Narrow section of a bone
between the head and the shaft
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Sinus – a cavity within a bone
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Fissure – a groove or narrow cleft
passage
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Foramen – a hole of perforation through
a bone
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Meatus - tube-like passageway or canal
within a bone
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Mandible
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Maxillary bones
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Hyoid Bone
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Ribs
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Thorax
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Typical Vertebrae
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Atlas & Axis (C1-C2)
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Rib Articulation
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Vertebral Column
• Backbone or spine built of
26 vertebrae
• Five vertebral regions
– cervical vertebrae (7) in
the neck
– thoracic vertebrae ( 12 ) in
the thorax
– lumbar vertebrae ( 5 ) in the
low back region
– sacrum (5, fused)
– coccyx (4, fused)
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Intervertebral Discs
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Sacrum
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Posterior Surface of Scapula
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