CWT Bi-State Narrative Side VA
Transcription
CWT Bi-State Narrative Side VA
Driving Route 40 Ferry Hill 40 Campaign Site 5 295 Driving Route Y O R E I Monocacy National Battlefield A 67 85 80 340 RI R 270 64 General Robert E. Lee 671 P O 15 R I I R G I N I F ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 81 I R G I N I 1 Carmel Church 522 64 33 734 355 Brookeville Gaithersburg (Summit Hall Farm) Darnestown Park 370 250 295 112 7 15 Beallsville Mt. Zion Church 28 7 Vienna 66 Poolesville Driving Routes of Union Army Herndon Bel Air 28 Mile Hill 495 Leesburg Timothy O’Sullivan photograph of a Union high command meeting at Massaponax Church. Grant is leaning over a church pew conferring with his commanders. Information or Welcome Center 107 29 Manassas Junction 7 June 26–July 1 Seven Days’ Battles, Va. August 8 Battle of Cedar Mountain, Va. August 28–30 Second Battle of Manassas, Va. 1863 64 609 295 AP 1 301 O M Petersburg National Battlefield T O I X R V E R 618 Hopewell 95 Baylor’s Farm 639 36 Campaign Site North Bend ★ May 1–3 Battle of Chancellorsville, Va. May 10 Death of Stonewall Jackson, Va. June 9 Battle of Brandy Station, Va. ★ ★ ★ June 10–July 14 Gettysburg Campaign, Va., Md., Pa. July 1–3 Battle of Gettysburg, Pa. in the capital and at Petersburg. The USCTs fought valiantly in several battles, especially the Battle of the Crater in Petersburg and the Battle of New Market Heights east of Richmond. Fourteen black soldiers received Medals of Honor for their bravery in the latter engagement. In mid-1864, Gen. Philip H. Sheridan led a railroad raid to Trevilian Station, and Gens. James H. Wilson and August V. Kautz tore up tracks in Southside Virginia but failed to burn the Staunton River Bridge. In the Shenandoah Valley, a succession of Union commanders pressed Confederate forces and laid waste to the “Breadbasket of the Confederacy.” Federal Third Battle of Winchester, September 19, 1864 Gen. David Hunter burned Virginia Military Nineteenth-century print by Kurz & Allison Institute in Lexington and then marched on Lynchburg, where Gen. Jubal A. Early turned him back. Early then marched north through the Valley and attacked the defenses of Washington, D.C. Eventually Gen. Philip H. Sheridan swept the Shenandoah clear of Confederates. In southwestern Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina, Union cavalry raided saltworks and railroads. Gen. William T. Sherman, in the Deep South, first captured Atlanta and then marched to the sea, occupying Savannah. Next, the Carolinas, South and North, felt the weight of Sherman’s boot early in 1865. Fort Fisher, the “Gibraltar of the South” that protected the blockade-running capital of Wilmington, North Carolina, fell in mid-January, cutting the supply lifeline to Lee in Virginia. At Appomattox, Va., on April 9, 1865, Robert E. Lee, Grant, meanwhile, forced Lee’s lines westcommanding general of the Army of Northern Virginia, ward around Petersburg until they finally broke at surrendered his men to Ulysses S. Grant and the Five Forks on April 1, 1865, a week and a half after Armies of the Potomac and the James. Sherman had almost crushed Johnston at Bentonville, North Carolina. Lee evacuated Petersburg and Richmond and marched his dwindling army west, hoping to turn south and join Johnston. Grant blocked his way, however, and cornered him at Appomattox Court House, where Lee surrendered on April 9. The Confederate government fled south through North Carolina. In Washington, Lincoln planned for the swift reunion of North and South, but John Wilkes Booth altered the path of reconciliation on April 14 at Ford’s Theater. The assassin escaped the capital and fled through Southern Maryland to Virginia, where he was shot and killed on April 26. On that same day, at Bennett Place near Raleigh, North Carolina, Johnston surrendered to Sherman, essentially ending the Civil War. ★ 5 ★ ★ ★ Driving Route 1864 Shenandoah Co. Tourism 1-888-367-3965 www.ShenandoahTravel.org TIDEWATER VIRGINIA Chesapeake Conventions & Tourism 1-888-889-5551 www.visitchesapeake.com Gloucester Parks, Recreation & Tourism 1-866-Visitus www.gloucesterva.info Hampton CVB 1-800-800-2202 www.hamptoncvb.com Newport News CVB 1-888-493-7386 www.newport-news.org Norfolk CVB 1-800-368-3097 www.norfolk.va.us The National Museum of the Civil War Soldier, Pamplin Historical Park, along the Route of Lee’s Retreat. Visit Fairfax 1-800-732-4732 www.visitfairfax.org Richmond 1-888-Richmond www.visit.richmond.com City of Fairfax 1-800-545-7950 www.fairfaxva.gov Spotsylvania Co. 1-800-654-4118 www.spotsylvania.va.us Loudoun Co. 1-800-752-6118 www.visitloudoun.org Stafford Co. Tourism 1-800-325-2059 www.TourStaffordVa.com Mosby Heritage Area 1-540-687-6681 www.mosbyheritagearea.org SHENANDOAH VALLEY & SOUTHWEST VIRGINIA CENTRAL VIRGINIA Shenandoah Valley Travel Association 1-800-VisitSV www.VisitShenandoah.org Portsmouth CVB 1-800-Portsva www.visitportsva.com Charlottesville-Albemarle CVB 1-877-386-1103 www.SoVeryVirginia.com Suffolk Div. of Tourism 1-866-See-Sufk www.Suffolk-Fun.com Culpeper 1-888-Culpeper www.visitculpeperva.com Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation 1-540-740-4545 www.shenandoahatwar.org Williamsburg 1-800-368-6511 www.VisitWilliamsburg.com Fredericksburg 1-800-678-4748 www.visitfred.com Bedford 1-877-Hi-Peaks www.visitbedford.com NORTHERN VIRGINIA Hopewell 1-800-863-Tour www.ci.hopewell.va.us Front Royal-Warren Visitors Center 1-800-338-2576 www.ci.front-royal.va.us Alexandria CVA 1-800-388-9119 www.funside.com Arlington CVS 1-800-677-6267 www.stayarlington.com Orange Co. 1-540-672-1653 www.visitocva.com Petersburg 1-800-368-3595 www.petersburg-va.org Harrisonburg Tourism 1-540-432-8935 HarrisonburgTourism.com Lexington-Rockbridge Co. 1-877-453-9822 www.lexingtonva.com Staunton CVB 1-800-342-7982 www.staunton.va.us Waynesboro 1-866-253-1957 www.waynesboro.va.us Winchester-Frederick Co. CVB 1-877-871-1326 www.VisitWinchesterVa.com Wytheville 1-877-347-8307 www.VisitWytheville.com Virginia’s Retreat 1-800-6-RETREAT www.varetreat.com Danville Tourism Division 1-434-793-4636 www.visitdanville.com Lynchburg 1-434-845-5966 www.lynchburgchamber.org South Hill Chamber of Commerce 1-800-524-4347 www.southhillchamber.com Prince George Court House Five Forks Unit/ PNB 460 156 Blackstone Dinwiddie Court House Black’s and White’s Station 85 1 40 Ream’s Station Stony Creek Bridge 619 95 40 Sappony Church 712 Smoky Ordinary Double Bridges St. John’s Church (original site) and Cemetery 138 47 608 1 46 619 58 95 Emporia 58 1 85 301 January 15 Surrender of Fort Fisher, N.C. September 29 Battle of Chaffin’s Farm and New Market Heights, Va. June 22–30 Wilson-Kautz Raid, Va. June 23–July 12 Early’s Washington Raid, Va. and Md. ★ 1865 February 1–April 26 Sherman’s Carolinas Campaign, S.C. and N.C. March 19–21 Battle of Bentonville, N.C. April 1 Battle of Five Forks, Va. April 2–3 Fall of Petersburg and Richmond, Va., Lee’s Retreat Begins, Va. April 6 Battle of Sailor’s Creek, Va. May 2–October 19 Shenandoah Valley Campaigns, Va. September 19 Third Battle of Winchester, Va. October 19 Battle of Cedar Creek, Va. ★ Maryland Office of Tourism Development 217 East Redwood St., 9th Floor Baltimore, MD 21202 1-888-CIVIL WR www.visitmaryland.org WESTERN MARYLAND Allegany Co. Dept. of Tourism 1-800-425-2067 www.mdmountainside.com Garrett Co. Chamber of Commerce 1-888-387-5237 www.visitdeepcreek.com Hagerstown-Washington Co. 1-888-257-2600 www.marylandmemories.com ★ ★ Tourism Council of Frederick Co. 1-800-999-3613 www.fredericktourism.org Montgomery Co. CVB 1-800-925-0880 www.visitmontgomery.com Prince George’s Co. CVB 1-888-925-8300 www.visitprincegeorges.com CENTRAL MARYLAND Annapolis & Anne Arundel Co. CVB 1-888-302-2852 www.visitannapolis.org Baltimore Area CVA 1-877-Baltimore www.baltimore.org A detailed exhibit at the National Museum of Civil War Medicine, Frederick, Md. April 9 Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House, Va. April 10 Last Confederate Cabinet Meeting, Danville, Va. April 14 John Wilkes Booth assassinates President Abraham Lincoln, flees through Southern Maryland April 26 Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrenders near Durham, N.C. April 26 John Wilkes Booth killed near Port Royal, Va. How to Use this Map-Guide The Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina Civil War Trails programs invite you to explore both well-known and less-familiar sites associated with America’s greatest drama. Together, more than 700 places tell the epic and heartfelt stories of civilians and soldiers who experienced triumph and tragedy during the war. This map-guide identifies more than 500 sites throughout Virginia and Maryland. Each site is interpreted and accessible and encourages you to explore diverse settings where America’s destiny was forged. Entire Trails and regions can be explored at your own pace, and many sites offer other historical and recreational opportunities. Enjoy one of the numerous walking tours available in many communities. Solicit the services of an outfitter for a once-in-a-lifetime adventure through the scenic and historic countryside. Shop at one of hundreds of antique and specialty shops, dine in 19th-century taverns and inns, or simply walk amid the serenity of a preserved battlefield and let the stories you’ve discovered ignite your imagination as you envision how now-peaceful landscapes were once the scenes of the deadliest battles known to man. For more detailed travel information, visit any Virginia, Maryland, or North Carolina Welcome Center or local Visitor Center, or contact any of the organizations listed in this guide. For additional Civil War Trails information, visit www.civilwartrails.org. Carroll Co. Visitor Center 1-800-272-1933 www.carrollcountytourism.org Harford Co. Tourism Council 1-800-597-2649 www.harfordmd.com Howard Co. Tourism 1-800-288-Trip www.visithowardcounty.com SOUTHERN MARYLAND Charles Co. Office of Tourism 1-800-766-3386 www.VisitCharlesCounty.com St. Mary’s Co. Tourism 1-800-327-9023 www.stmarysmd.com/tourism EASTERN SHORE CAPITAL REGION SOUTHSIDE VIRGINIA 156 Danieltown Boydton MARYLAND Roanoke Valley CVB 1-800-635-5535 www.visitroanokeva.com 295 Pamplin Park Civil War Site 92 Boyd Tavern Contact the following for more travel information and visitor services along the Trails. Virginia Tourism Corporation 901 East Byrd St. Richmond, VA 23219-4048 1-800-VISIT VA www.Virginia.org 460 156 THE CIVIL WAR REVISITED VIRGINIA Petersburg 46 Mt. Horeb Church-Skirmish Clarksville Prince George Court House 10 Petersburg National Battlefield Sutherland South Side Station Station St. John’s Church Chase City (Christiansville) 58 708 Namozine Church Kenbridge Wylliesburgh 49 623 Ford’s Depot 49 South Boston Information or Welcome Center Flowerdew Hundred 609 85 Petersburg Saint Mark’s Battle of Store Nottoway 40 Mulberry Hill 344 I V ER 153 Crewe Nottoway Court House 49 360 15 T O To Richmond 40 360 106 May 4–June 20 Overland Campaign, Va. May 5–6 Battle of the Wilderness, Va. May 8–19 Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, Va. May 31–June 12 Battle of Cold Harbor, Va. June 15 Siege of Petersburg begins, Va. June 30 Battle of the Crater, Va. October 14 Battle of Bristoe Station, Va. ★ Keysville 59 Drakes Branch 47 Staunton River Battlefield State Park 60 May 15 Battle of New Market, Va. May 26–June 21 Hunter’s Raid, Va. ★ Roanoke Station Wilcox’s Landing Driving Routes of Confederate Army 66 234 Carrington’s Mill (Saxe) 249 Information or Welcome Center 153 15 5 10 Driving Route of Wilson-Kautz Raid 38 671 360 Burkeville Junction Meherrin Station Charlotte Court House T 360 Jetersville Hillsman House Marshall’s Crossroads 360 40 Old Cold Harbor Crossroads 628 E 360 Holt’s Corner General Ulysses S. Grant Long Bridge Campaign Site High Bridge 15 RI CH MO N D 190 606 Farmville 460 47 613 Rowser’s Ford (Seneca) 626 460 Rice’s Depot 460 Burkeville 615 Nelson’s Crossing 360 Enon Church Haw’s Shop Totopotomoy Creek Polegreen Church Rockville Guilford Signal Station Middleburg Cumberland Church Mangohick Church 360 Cold Harbor Hanover Park J A M E S Amelia Court Double House 653 Bridges Lockett Deatonville Amelia House Springs 636 Cavalry Battle at High Bridge Meadow Bridge 28 522 Battle of Appomattox Station 54 Yellow Tavern (J.E.B. Stuart Monument) 45 Clifton Lee’s Rear Guard North Anna Battlefield Park Hanover Junction 33 15 New Store 24 2 95 Driving Route of Lee’s Retreat 60 24 Appomattox 652 Campaign Site 60 656 684 270 28 Edwards Ferry Goose Creek Bridge 109 Court House Complex and Old Star Hotel 207 208 Ashland A 17 Barnesville WAR IN THE MID-ATLANTIC rom the beginning of the Civil War until its end, the proximity of the national capitals of Washington, D.C., and Richmond, Virginia, made the Eastern Seaboard a center of military activity. Union blood was first shed in the Baltimore Riots of April 19, 1861, and some of the last Confederate casualties fell just before Gen. Joseph E. Johnston surrendered in North Carolina on April 26,1865. During those four years, the earth of Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina became the bloodiest in America, as the war swept through again and again. Caught between Virginia, which seceded in April 1861, and Maryland, which was leaning toward secession, President Abraham Lincoln simply had to keep Maryland in the Union. After secessionists fueled the Baltimore Riots by attacking Massachusetts troops en route to Washington, D.C., Lincoln declared martial law, suspended habeas corpus in certain areas, and imprisoned Maryland Confederates. The state remained strongly Unionist in the west while southeastern Maryland became a secessionist hotbed of spies and smugglers along the Chesapeake Bay. The state did not secede. “Attack on the Massachusetts 6th at Baltimore, April 19th, 1861” Drawn by William Bomberger In Virginia, Confederate President Jefferand engraved by George E. Perine. son Davis directed a defensive war at first. When U.S. forces marched into northern Virginia to attack Manassas Junction in July 1861, the result was a stunning Confederate victory. The Federals fared better along the northeastern coast of North Carolina, which Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside secured despite resistance from Confederate gunboats and land forces. Gen. George B. McClellan led a massive U.S. army up the Peninsula against Richmond in the spring of 1862, but Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee repulsed it near the city limits in the Seven Days’ Battles in June. In the Shenandoah Valley, meanwhile, Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson defeated several Union armies before joining Lee at Richmond. Together, the generals marched north and bested another Union force under Gen. John Pope at the Second Battle of Manassas in August. Lee then invaded Western Maryland, hoping to rally Confederate support, resupply his army, and gain foreign recognition for the Confederacy. His hopes were dashed at Antietam Creek on September 17, 1862, the bloodiest day in American history, and he retreated to Virginia. In 1863, following Lee’s victory at Chancellorsville in May, he again marched north through the Shenandoah Valley, the avenue of invasion. This time he reached Pennsylvania and confronted Union Gen. George G. Meade’s army at Gettysburg. Once again the Confederate tide was turned back. In Maryland and Virginia, freed and escaped slaves flocked to the Union colors and joined regiments of United States Colored Troops (USCTs). Underground Railroad “conductor” Harriet Tubman led many north to freedom from Maryland’s Eastern Shore. In the spring of 1864, Union commander-in-chief Gen. Ulysses S. Grant launched simultaneous attacks against the Confederates throughout the South. He accompanied Meade’s army in Virginia during the bloody Overland Campaign battles of the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, and Cold Harbor, maneuvering Lee ever closer to Richmond and finally besieging him Louisa Sykesville 40 E S Surrender of Gen. Richard S. Ewell’s Corps at Sailor’s Creek, by Alfred R. Waud. Lt. Col. Charles L. Chandler rallying the 57th Massachusetts Infantry at Ox Ford, May 24, 1864. Painting by Donna Neary. R ★ 1862 22 R I V June 10 Battle of Big Bethel, Va. July 21 First Battle of Manassas, Va. September 12–17 Federal government arrests “disloyal” Md. legislators October 21 Battle of Ball’s Bluff, Va. Photography by Mark Mitchell V January 11–March 14 Burnside Expedition, N.C. September 4–19 Antietam Campaign, Va., Md., W.Va. February 8 Battle of Roanoke Island, N.C. September 14 Battle of South Mountain, Md. March 14 Battle of New Bern, N.C. September 17 Battle of Antietam, Md. March 9 Battle of Hampton Roads (Monitor vs. Virginia), Va. December 13 Battle of Fredericksburg, Va. March 23–June 9 Jackson’s Shenandoah Valley Campaign, Va. April 4–June 25 Peninsula Campaign, Va. April 12 Shots fired at Fort Sumter, Charleston, S.C. April 15 President Abraham Lincoln calls for volunteers to suppress “insurrection” April 17 Virginia secedes April 19 Baltimore Riots April 27 Lincoln suspends writ of habeas corpus in parts of Maryland 613 Trevilian Station (Multiple Trails sites) Bowling Green Bethel 2 Church 638 605 Milford Station 208 T 17 669 15 A The Confederate army crosses the Potomac River into Maryland. 620 32 97 97 27 64 58 Massaponax Church along the Lee vs. Grant Trail. 109 Poolesville Upperville White’s Ferry Loudoun Museum Gordonsville P 464 460 VIRGINIA-MARYLAND 50 A 107 7 140 108 107 Front Royal 9 651 612 30 15 Aldie Mill 264 355 109 7 Gosport Navy Yard 32 1861 Monocacy Aqueduct 460 17 522 Spotsylvania Battlefield 613 17 Spotsylvania Court House Massaponax Church Historic District 608 Zion Methodist Church Guinea Station/ Plantations on Stonewall Jackson Shrine Guinea Station Road Barnesville 9 R Monocacy Aqueduct 28 V Westminster 15 612 Todd’s Tavern 54 Leesburg White’s Ford 664 Cooksville 270 R Winchester 109 20 617 Orange M 3 99 Brunswick 15 P O T O 464 Harpers Ferry M A C National Historical Park Point of Rocks Stephenson Depot Monocacy River Ford Fredericksburg 27 97 85 A Comus T O M A C E R I V 340 I 671 Sugarloaf Mountain Fort Monroe Fort Wool 10 N 28 564 258 T I IV E R Wilderness Battlefield Exhibit Shelter Germanna Ford E Congress & Cumberland Overlook MonitorMerrimack Overlook S G 355 Hyattstown V 60 E R 15 77 Old Frederick Road (Loy’s Station) 28 Hampton Fort Boykin 806 66 340 Carrollton Manor DO SHENAN Causey’s Mill W Charlestown Harpers Ferry National Historical Park AH 17 The Mariners’ R Museum St. Luke’s Church VE 340 I Middleburg (Pipe Creek Left Flank) Catoctin Furnace Uniontown Union 70 Bridge 31 Jones’ New Windsor Crossroads Lewistown Meade’s Battle of Falling Waters HQ Battle of 27 40 (Original Site) 550 Boonsboro 11 65 31 194 Meade’s HQ 34 Richfield at Turner’s Gap Martinsburg ALT Libertytown 40 67 26 45 Rose Hill 26 Boteler’s Ford Central Maryland Manor Heritage League 75 Shepherdstown Frederick Braddock 17 Heights Prospect 70 230 Mount Airy Hall Jefferson New Market Pine Grove Chapel 67 Buckeystown Park 15 Battle of Dam No. 1 V Thurmont Battle Of Funkstown Battle of Wagoners Union Mills (Stuart Encampment) 140 Taneytown 95 610 522 R Urbana (Landon House) C H E S A P E A K E 60 “Battle between the Ironclads” 355 Yorktown Waterfront Yorktown 81 77 E E S T I N 230 Young’s Mill V R I 10 Gloucester Point I E G Hagerstown 64 Manchester (Pipe Creek Right Flank) 194 140 15 V R I E S J A M Major General George Brinton McClellan 70 B A Y Battle of Lee’s Mill Warwick Court House Frederick 40 Smithsburg Cavalry Battle 3 29 30 X Endview Lee Hall Skiffes Creek V W R 60 Shielding the Army 68 140 Emmitsburg (Union Encampment) P O A P M A V R Fort Magruder Lebanon Quarterpath Church Road Williamsburg 238 Line 17 Braddock Heights Back Door to Harpers Ferry I Wren Building Christ Reformed Church Burkittsville Moler Crossroads R Redoubt 12 Major General John Bankhead Magruder Crampton’s Gap 15 144 17 K 60 Battle of Shepherdstown Information or Welcome Center 64 Central Maryland Heritage League Rumsey Monument 63 Falling Waters (C&O Canal NHP Tow Path Access Only) Shepherdstown Boteler’s Ford Original Site Crossing the Mason and Dixon 418 Leitersburg Williamsport 67 Grove Farm Clear Spring 70 Information or Welcome Center 70 Fox’s Gap ALT 30 11 Caroline Co. Office of Tourism 1-410-479-0655 www.tourcaroline.com Cecil Co. Tourism 1-800-Cecil95 www.seececil.org Dorchester Co. 1-800-522-Tour www.tourdorchester.org Kent Co. Tourism Dev. Office 1-410-778-0416 www.kentcounty.com Worcester Co. Tourism 1-800-852-0335 www.visitworcester.org BALTIMORE WASHINGTON, D.C. 95 RICHMOND 85 RALEIGH VIRGINIA TRAILS INFORMATION 1.888 . CIVILWAR www.civilwartrails.org ★★★ Queen Anne’s County Office of Tourism 410-604-2100 www.discoverqueenannes.com Talbot Co. Office of Tourism 1-410-770-8000 www.tourtalbot.org Follow this sign to discover more than 700 Civil War sites along ten breathtaking trails. Hundreds of sites are accessible to the public for the first time. MARYLAND TRAILS INFORMATION 1.888 . CIVILWR www.visitmaryland.org Follow these signs to more than 700 Civil War sites in Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina ★★★ NORTH CAROLINA TRAILS INFORMATION Travelers enjoy one of the colorful interpretive markers along the trail. Brochure Design by Communication Design, Inc., Richmond, VA 17 Keedysville Antietam Station 60 95 Turner’s Gap 60 58 Campaign Site 663 15 29 © 2005 Virginia Civil War Trails, Inc. Seven Pines 895 New Kent Court House 494 60 R 249 40 Gettysburg R Trent House 33 Antietam National Battlefield Washington Monument Culpeper 116 116 16 J A Boonsboro 65 30 Blue Ridge Summit (Monterey Pass) 16 PO TOMAC To Williamsport and Hagerstown 1.800. VISIT NC www.visitnc.com