Multiphoton Imaging Brochure

Multiphoton Imaging
Multiphoton Microscopes:
Rotating and Standard
Imaging Platforms
The Bergamo II Series is Thorlabs’ platform for multiphoton microscopy. Used to acquire
high-resolution, multi-channel images in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro, our versatile, sensitive
microscopes are specifically engineered for exceptional performance under a wide
variety of experimental conditions.
Overview of the Bergamo II Series
Multiphoton Microscopes
Thorlabs' multiphoton imaging platforms are designed around various experimental needs. Customize and future-proof your
investment with a system specifically tailored to your application. Choose between two body options:
Flexibility with the Rotating Body
Configuration
Best For
Rotating Body
In Vivo
Deep Brain Imaging
Performed with Rotating Body
(Courtesy of Dr. Hajime Hirase and
Katsuya Ozawa, RIKEN Brain Science
Institute, Wako, Japan)
Applications
Advantages
u
Live Imaging
u
The Industry’s Only Microscope that Rotates Around the Focal Spot of the Objective
– Awake and
u
Motion in X, Y, Z, and θ to Image Around Orientation-Sensitive Experiments
u
-5° to +95° or -50° to +50° of Rotation, 2" Travel in X and Y, 5" Microscope Base Travel in Z, and
Behaving Animals
– Large Animals
– Small Animals
1" Objective Travel
u
24+ Cubic Inches (393 cm3) of Total Objective Viewing Volume
u
Maintain Beam Alignment Throughout the Full Range of Motion via Articulating Periscopes
Versatility with the Standard Body
Configuration
Standard Body
Best For
In Vitro
Ex Vivo
In Vivo
Mouse Retina Imaged
with DIC
Mouse Retina Imaged
with Dodt Contrast
Applications
Advantages
u
Imaging
u
All-in-One Rig for a Wide Array of Applications
– Cells
– Tissues
–Live Small Animals
u
DIC or Dodt Contrast; Camera or Laser Scanned
u
High-Sensitivity Forward Fluorescence Detection
u
Removable Transmitted Light Path to Configure the Microscope on the Fly for In Vivo or In Vitro
u
Large Working Space Around the Objective to Accommodate Various Samples
and Equipment
Rotating Bergamo II Microscopes
Overview of Options and Benefits
Widefield Viewing
uS
cientific Camera
Scan Paths
u Galvo-Galvo and/or Galvo-Resonant
uE
xcitation Path Optimized for 400 - 1100 nm or
680 - 1600 nm Wavelength Range
Rotational Configuration
u - 5° to +95°
u Thorlabs’ Epi-Illuminator with
High-Power LED
u -50° to +50°
Dichroic Changers
u Manual or Computer
Controlled
Piezo Objective Focus
Control
u High-Speed Z Stacks
PMT Detection Module
u Up to Four Channels
u
Microscope Controller
u Advanced 5-Axis
Controller with
Touchscreen
With or Without Shutters
Beam Conditioning Modules
u Variable Beam Expander
u
Pockels Cell
u
Variable Attenuator
Epi-Detection Module
u Three Collection Angle Options: 8°, 10°, and 14°
u
Easy-to-Exchange Filters
u
Emission Detection Optimized at 400 - 800 nm
Features
Details
u -5° to +95° or -50° to +50° (Factory Configured)
Rotational Configuration
– Image Around Orientation-Sensitive Experiments
– Optical Alignments are Maintained Throughout the Full Range of Motion
u Galvo-Resonant
– Image at 2 fps (4096 x 4096 Pixels), 15 fps (1024 x 1024 Pixels), 30 fps (512 x 512 Pixels),
and Up to 400 fps (512 x 32 Pixels)
u Galvo-Galvo
Scan Paths
– Custom Scan Geometries: Squares, Rectangles, Circles, Ellipses, Lines, and Polylines
– Capture Weak Signals with Long Dwell Time Integration
– Achieve Consistent Dwell Times Across Field of View
u Super Broadband Optics Optimized for 400 - 1100 nm or 680 - 1600 nm Excitation Wavelengths
– Designed for the Latest Widely Tunable Ti:Sapphire and OPO Systems
u Up to Four Channels
PMT Modules
– Cooled or Non-Cooled PMTs
– Configure Up to Four Channels with Simultaneous Detection
u Choice of Signal Collection Angle to Accommodate Different Sample Depths
Epi-Detection Modules
– 8° (Two PMTs)
– 10° (With or Without Shutters and Up to Four PMTs)
– 14° (With or Without Shutters and Up to Two PMTs)
(Angles Quoted When Using an Objective with a 20 mm Entrance Pupil)
u Thorlabs or Third-Party Scientific Cameras
Widefield Viewing
– Visualize Samples with Fluorescence or Reflected Light
– Compatible with C-Mount-Threaded Scientific Cameras
u Single- or Multi-Filter-Cube Epi-Illuminator
– Locate Areas of Interest Without Unnecessary Laser Excitation
– Thorlabs’ LEDs Provide Bright Illumination
– Industry-Standard Liquid Light Guides Illuminate Across the Visible Spectrum
u Piezo Objective Focus Control
Objective Focus Control
– Fast Z Stacks
– Nanometer-Level Axial Resolution
u Choice of Sample Holders
Sample Holders
– Rigid Stand with Platform, Slide Holder, or Recording Chamber
– XY Platform with Micromanipulators
u Advanced 5-Axis Controller with Touchscreen
Microscope Controller
– Control X, Y, Z (Base), Z (Objective), and Rotation Angle
– Speed Control, Saved Positions, and the Convenience of a Touchscreen Interface
u Variable Beam Expander
– 1X - 3X Beam Diameter Modulation into the Objective Back Aperture Using Software Control
u Pockels Cell
Beam Conditioning Modules
– Edge and Fly-Back Blanking to Minimize Sample Photobleaching
– High-Speed Masking for ROIs
– Customize Laser Power at Each Slice Using Software Control
u Variable Attenuator
– Improves Pockels Cell Performance
– One-Click Shutter
– Manual and Computer Control of Laser Power in Systems Without a Pockels Cell
u ThorImageLS™
Software Acquisition Packages
–
–
–
–
Designed for Seamless Integration with Thorlabs’ Imaging Systems
Powerful and Intuitive Interface
Direct Support from Software Engineers
Open Source for Custom Features and Participation with the Life Science Community
u ScanImage and LabVIEW
– Large User Base
Standard (Z and XYZ Motion) Bergamo II Microscopes
Overview of Options and Benefits
Widefield Viewing
uS
cientific Camera
u Thorlabs’ Epi-Illuminator with High-Power LED
Scan Paths
u Galvo-Galvo and/or Galvo-Resonant
u Binoculars or Trinoculars
uE
xcitation Path Optimized for 400 - 1100 nm or
u Hold up to Six Filter Cubes
680 - 1600 nm Wavelength Range
Beam Conditioning Modules
Piezo Objective Focus
Control
u High-Speed Z Stacks
u Variable Beam Expander
u Pockels Cell
u Variable Attenuator
Detection Modules
u Forward and
Epi-Detection Modules
u Easy-to-
Exchange Filters
PMT Detection Module
u Up to Four Channels
u
Microscope Controllers
u Advanced 5-Axis Controller
with Touchscreen
u 3-Axis
Controller
With or Without Shutters
Contrast Imaging
u Dodt Contrast
u
Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
Sample Holders
u Rigid Stand with Platform
u
Rigid Stand with Slide Holder or Recording Chamber
u
XY Platform with Micromanipulators
Features
Details
u Galvo-Resonant
– Image at 2 fps (4096 x 4096 Pixels), 15 fps (1024 x 1024 Pixels), 30 fps (512 x 512 Pixels),
and Up to 400 fps (512 x 32 Pixels)
u Galvo-Galvo
Scan Paths
– Custom Scan Geometries: Squares, Rectangles, Circles, Ellipses, Lines, and Polylines
– Capture Weak Signals with Long Dwell Time Integration
– Achieve Consistent Dwell Times Across Field of View
u Super Broadband Optics Optimized for 400 - 1100 nm or 680 - 1600 nm Excitation Wavelengths
– Designed for the Latest Widely Tunable Ti:Sapphire and OPO Systems
u Up to Four Channels
PMT Modules
– Cooled or Non-Cooled PMTs
– Configure Up to Four Channels with Simultaneous Detection
u Choice of Signal Collection Angle to Accommodate Different Sample Depths
Epi-Detection Modules
– 8° (Two PMTs)
– 10° (With or Without Shutters and Up to Four PMTs)
– 14° (With or Without Shutters and Up to Two PMTs)
(Angles Quoted When Using an Objective with a 20 mm Entrance Pupil)
u Thorlabs or Third-Party Scientific Cameras
Widefield Viewing
– Visualize Samples with Fluorescence or Reflected Light
– Compatible with C-Mount-Threaded Scientific Cameras
u Single- or Multi-Filter-Cube Epi-Illuminator
– Locate Areas of Interest Without Unnecessary Laser Excitation
– Thorlabs’ LEDs Provide Bright Illumination
– Industry-Standard Liquid Light Guides Illuminate Across the Visible Spectrum
u Piezo Objective Focus Control
Objective Focus Control
– Fast Z Stacks
– Nanometer-Level Axial Resolution
u Choice of Sample Holders
Sample Holders
– Rigid Stand with Platform, Slide Holder, or Recording Chamber
– XY Platform with Micromanipulators
u Advanced 5-Axis Controller with Touchscreen
Microscope Controller
– Control X, Y, Z (Base), Z (Objective), and Rotation Angle
– Speed Control, Saved Positions, and the Convenience of a Touchscreen Interface
u 3-Axis Controller
– Control X, Y, Z Axes with Speed Adjustment
u Dodt Contrast and DIC Modules
Contrast Imaging
– Removable Modules to In Vivo or In Vitro Configurations
– View Features in Tissue Slices with Dodt Contrast or Laser-Scanned Dodt Contrast
– View Features in Thinner, Transparent Samples with DIC Imaging or Laser-Scanned DIC Imaging
u Variable Beam Expander
– 1X - 3X Beam Diameter Modulation into the Objective Back Aperture Using Software Control
u Pockels Cell
Beam Conditioning Modules
– Edge and Fly-Back Blanking to Minimize Sample Photobleaching
– High-Speed Masking for ROIs
– Customize Laser Power at Each Slice Using Software Control
u Variable Attenuator
– Improves Pockels Cell Performance
– One-Click Shutter
– Manual and Computer Control of Laser Power in Systems Without a Pockels Cell
u ThorImageLS™
Software Acquisition Packages
–
–
–
–
Designed for Seamless Integration with Thorlabs’ Imaging Systems
Powerful and Intuitive Interface
Direct Support from Software Engineers
Open Source for Custom Features and Participation with the Life Science Community
u ScanImage and LabVIEW
– Large User Base
Innovations in Detail
Image with Speed and Accuracy
with Galvo-Resonant and/or
Galvo-Galvo Scan Paths
Rotating Body
Standard Body
Bergamo II multiphoton microscopes can be configured
with a galvo-resonant scan path, a galvo-galvo scan path,
or both, depending upon the needs of the experiment.
Equip both types of scan paths to get the best of both
worlds. Scan at up to 400 fps at 512 x 32 pixels using our
galvo-resonant scanners. Achieve uniform images with
edge blanking and protect samples with high-speed
masking in tandem with our Pockels cells. Alternatively, use
our galvo-galvo scanners to accurately photoactivate or
photobleach specific areas of the sample with preset (line,
square, rectangle, circle, and ellipse) or custom-drawn
geometries.
Galvo-Resonant Scanner FPS
512 x 32
Frames per Second
400
300
200
100
Primary Galvo-Resonant Scan Path
Secondary Galvo-Galvo Scan Path
Single-Photon Fiber Laser in Secondary Scan Path
512 x 512
0
Pockels Cell Edge Blanking
Pockels Cell Masking
Square/Rectangle
Circle/Ellipse
Line
Polyline
Galvo-Galvo Scan Modes
Superior Photodetection Systems
Rotating Body
Standard Body
Bergamo II systems can be configured with up to four PMT detection channels and are fully compatible with industry-standard
fluorescence emission filters. Our unique design makes it simple and quick to exchange filters without having to worry about
maintaining optical alignment.
Capture weak fluorescence signals or protect highly photosensitive samples using high-sensitivity, high-quantum-efficiency
GaAsP PMTs. Full software integration of the protection circuit ensures maximum PMT longevity.
Sensitivity
Quantum Efficiency
1000
100
10
Sensitivity (mA/W)
Quantum Efficiency (%)
100
1
10
1
0.1
0.1
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
100
200
300
400
Wavelength (nm)
Super Broadband Scan Optics
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
Rotating Body
Standard Body
Bergamo II microscopes feature proprietary scan optics that are optimized for 400 - 1100 nm or 680 - 1600 nm excitation
wavelengths, allowing single or multiphoton excitation of a wide variety of fluorophores. Designed with the latest widely
tunable Ti:Sapphire lasers and OPO systems in mind, the Bergamo II platform future-proofs your investment.
Image more by taking full advantage of the optical designs used in low-magnification, high-numerical aperture objectives
that have become the standard in multiphoton objectives. Capture large sample areas with the Bergamo II’s maximum field
number (FN) of 20.
Customizable Software Options
In addition to hardware versatility, Thorlabs offers a selection
of software acquisition packages. Choose either the
ThorImageLS™ software package, which is designed in
parallel with the Bergamo II Multiphoton Microscope, or
the popular ScanImage software from Vidrio Technologies.
Regardless of the selection, Thorlabs will install and test
the performance of your system with the chosen software
platform.
Rotating Body
Standard Body
ThorImageLS™
Custom Open-Source
ThorImageLS™
ScanImage
Innovations in Detail
Imaging Optimization using
the Variable Beam Expander
Rotating Body
Standard Body
Utilize the Variable Beam Expander to adapt to and
optimize the experimental conditions. Match the beam
diameter to the back aperture of the objective to utilize
the entire NA, overfill to achieve more even illumination,
or underfill for higher power through thick samples. The
software-controlled variable beam expander adjusts
the input beam diameter from 1X to 3X.
Beam Diameter Matches
Back Aperture, which
Uses the Entire NA
Back Aperture is Overfilled
for More Even Illumination
Back Aperture is Underfilled,
Leading to Higher Power
in Thick Samples
Large-Collection-Angle Optics
Rotating Body
Standard Body
A high photon collection efficiency in the PMTs is made possible by a wide collection angle while simultaneously minimizing
the distance between the collecting lens and the sample. This system design allows Bergamo II Series Multiphoton
Microscopes to achieve high sensitivity and a high signal-to-noise ratio for deep physiological imaging.
To PMTs
Collecting Lens
Objective
Sample Plane
Advanced Multi-Axis Controller with Touchscreen
Rotating Body
Specifically designed for the rotating Bergamo II Microscope, this controller allows individual control of up to five directions of
movement. In addition to the standard X, Y, and Z axes, the controller also provides fine movement along the optical axis of the
objective. The objective can be factory configured to rotate from -5° to 95° or -50° to 50°. The integrated touchscreen allows
two quick memory settings, while the ThorImageLS™ image acquisition software suite can save up to eight positions, allowing
convenience and enabling experimental repeatability.
z
z
z
Rotation Angle, θ
y
+
x
x
x
y
y
Objective Axis
Superior Engineering for a Flexible, Rotating Platform
Base Axis
Rotating Body
The Bergamo II Multiphoton Microscope maintains alignment during rotation around the sample through multi-jointed
articulating periscopes. Our periscopes' engineering and design offer enhanced flexibility to allow the entire scanning system to
rotate around the sample while still maintaining laser alignment into the scan head.
2"
2"
6"
24+ Cubic Inches of Accessible Volume
Multi-Jointed Articulating Periscopes Maintain Alignment into
Galvo-Resonant and Galvo-Galvo Scanners
Innovations in Detail
Adaptability for Specialized Objectives
Rotating Body
Standard Body
Bergamo II microscopes directly accept infinity-corrected objectives that have M32
threads, while also having highly stable mechanical adapters for M34, M25, and RMS
threads. Together, these options encompass the vast majority of low-magnification,
RMS
M25
M32
high-NA objectives. Our scan optics are designed with these specialized objectives
in mind to ensure that the microscope is always able to handle light collection over a
large field of view.
M34
Highly Sensitive Scientific-Grade Cameras
Rotating Body
Standard Body
Thorlabs' scientific cameras are designed to locate point-of-reference markers in
specimens being studied with Bergamo II microscopes. Their low noise and high
quantum efficiency make it easy to find fluorescence labels and provide the high
sensitivity needed to obtain contrast in thick, unlabeled specimens using DIC or Dodt
contrast.
These cameras operate independently from the multiphoton laser scanning
apparatus, protecting delicate samples by minimizing their exposure to laser light. By
combining epi-fluorescence images with images obtained by DIC, Dodt contrast, and
laser scanning, co-registered, multimodal pictures that yield deeper insights into your
specimen are created.
1.4 Megapixel
Scientific-Grade Camera
Thorlabs' Customer Advantages
Our Approach
Advantages
u Our Systems Are Engineered at a Single Location, Maximizing Efficiency and Ensuring Cost
Fully Designed and Manufactured In House
Savings
u In-House Expertise in Every Component and System
Modular System Construction
Professional Installation
u Future-Proof Your Investment and Upgrade as Needs Evolve Without Sacrificing Existing
Capabilities
u Thorlabs' Technicians Meticulously Assemble, Test, and Verify Each System to Meet Our
High Standards of Quality and Performance
u Receive Support for Your Experimental Needs from Our Life Science Application Engineers
Unmatched Professional Support
u Receive Direct Support from Engineers Who Designed the Bergamo II Series Multiphoton
Microscopes
u Receive Direct Support from Software Engineers Who Wrote ThorImageLS™
u Receive Support via Video Teleconferencing (Receive a Camera and Microphone from
Quick Support
Thorlabs if Needed)
u Let Thorlabs Do the Work! With Your Permission, Thorlabs Can Remotely Access Your
Computer to Address a Software-Related Issue
Specifications
Configuration
Laser
Scanning
Scan Path
Wavelength Range
u 400 - 1100 nm or 680 - 1600 nm
✓
✓
Field of View
u 20 mm Diagonal Square (Max) at the Intermediate Image Plane
✓
✓
Scanners
u Single or Dual Scan Paths: Galvo-Resonant, Galvo-Galvo, or Both
✓
✓
Galvo-Resonant
Scan Speed
u 30 fps at 512 x 512 Pixels; 400 fps at 512 x 32 Pixels
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
Compatible
u M34 x 1.0, M32 x 0.75, M25 x 0.75, and RMS
Objective Threading
✓
✓
Epi-Detection
u Up to 4 GaAsP PMTs, Cooled or Non-Cooled
✓
✓
Forward Detection
u 2 GaAsP PMTs, Non-Cooled
Collection Optics
u 8°,10°, or 14° Collection Angle
(Angles Quoted When Using an Objective with a 20 mm Entrance Pupil)
Galvo-Galvo Scan
Speed
u 3 fps at 512 x 512 Pixels; 48 fps at 512 x 32 Pixels; 70 fps at 32 x 32 Pixels
Galvo-Galvo Scan
Modes
u Imaging: Line, Polyline, Square, or Rectangle
Scan Zoom
u 1X - 16X (Continuously Variable)
Scan Resolution
Detection
Rotating Standard
Body
Body
u Pixel Dwell Time: 0.4 - 20 µs
u Non-Imaging: Circle, Ellipse, Polygon, or Point
u Bi-Directional: 2048 x 2048 Pixels (Max)
u Unidirectional: 4096 x 4096 Pixels (Max)
✓
✓
✓
✓
✓
u User-Changeable Emission Filters and Dichroic Cubes
Widefield
Viewing
Transmitted
Light Imaging
u Manual or Motorized Switching Between Scanning and Widefield Modes
u Thorlabs’ High-Power LED or Liquid Light Guide for Illumination
u C-Mount Threads for Scientific Cameras
u Widefield and (Laser-Scanned) Dodt Contrast or Differential Interference Contrast (DIC)
u Visible and/or NIR LED Illumination
✓
u Air or Oil Immersion Condenser
X and Y
u 2" (50.8 mm) Total Travel; 0.5 µm Encoder Resolution
✓
✓
Objective Axis
u 1" (25.4 mm) Total Travel; 0.1 µm Encoder Resolution
✓
✓
Base Axis (Z)
u 5" (127 mm) Total Travel; 1 µm Encoder Resolution
✓
Translation
Rotation
u -5° to + 95° or -50° to +50° Around Objective Focus
u 0.1° Encoder Resolution
✓
Selected Publications Using Thorlabs' Imaging Systems
Kato HK, Gillet SN, Peters AJ, Isaacson JS, and Komiyama T. "Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons linearly control olfactory
bulb output." Neuron. 2013 Dec 4; 80 (5): 1218-31.
Lu W, Tang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Yao Y, Fu C, Wang X, and Ma G. "Inhibiting the mobilization of Ly6C(high) monocytes after
acute myocardial infarction enhances the efficiency of mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation and curbs myocardial
remodeling." Am J Transl Res. 2015 Mar 15; 7 (3): 587-97.
Ehmke T, Nitzsche TH, Knebl A, and Heisterkamp A. "Molecular orientation sensitive second harmonic microscopy by radially
and azimuthally polarized light." Biomed Opt Express. 2014 Jun 12; 5 (7): 2231-46.
Boyd AM, Kato HK, Komiyama T, and Isaacson JS. "Broadcasting of cortical activity to the olfactory bulb." Cell Rep. 2015
Feb 24; 10 (7): 1032-9.
Liu J, Wu N, Ma L, Liu M, Liu G, Zhang Y, and Lin X. "Oleanolic acid suppresses aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells by switching
pyruvate kinase type M isoforms." PLoS One. 2014 Mar 13; 9 (3): e91606.
Cai F, Yu J, Qian J, Wang Y, Chen Z, Huang J, Ye Z, and He, S. "Use of tunable second-harmonic signal from KNbO3
nanoneedles to find optimal wavelength for deep-tissue imaging." Laser & Photon Rev. 2014 8: 865-874.
Peters AJ, Chen SX, Komiyama T. "Emergence of reproducible spatiotemporal activity during motor learning." Nature. 2014
Jun 12; 510 (7504): 263-7.
Cossell L, Iacaruso MF, Muir DR, Houlton R, Sader EN, Ko H, Hofer SB, and Mrsic-Flogel TD. "Functional organization of
excitatory synaptic strength in primary visual cortex." Nature. 2015 Feb 19; 518 (7539): 399-403.
Palmer LM, Shai AS, Reeve JE, Anderson HL, Paulsen O, and Larkum ME. "NMDA spikes enhance action potential
generation during sensory input." Nat Neurosci. 2014 Mar; 17 (3): 383-90.
Chen SX, Kim AN, Peters AJ, and Komiyama T. "Subtype-specific plasticity of inhibitory circuits in motor cortex during motor
learning." Nat Neurosci. 2015 Aug; 18 (8): 1109-15.
Jia Y, Zhang S, Miao L, Wang J, Jin Z, Gu B, Duan Z, Zhao Z, Ma S, Zhang W, and Li Z. "Activation of platelet proteaseactivated receptor-1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and chemotaxis of colon cancer cell line SW620." Oncol
Rep. 2015 Jun; 33 (6): 2681-8.
Takata N, Nagai T, Ozawa K, Oe Y, Mikoshiba K, and Hirase H. "Cerebral blood flow modulation by Basal forebrain or whisker
stimulation can occur independently of large cytosolic Ca2+ signaling in astrocytes." PLoS One. 2013 Jun 13; 8 (6): e66525.
Partridge JG, Lewin AE, Yasko JR, and Vicini S. "Contrasting actions of group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in distinct
mouse striatal neurones." J Physiol. 2014 Jul 1; 592 (Pt 13): 2721-33.
Show Us Your Work!
We would like to showcase your hard-earned results! Let us know
that you published an article with images obtained using a Thorlabs
system and gain increased visibility within the Thorlabs and scientific
community. By sharing your successes, you can increase the overall
awareness of the capabilities of your system while also learning more
about what others have done.
Transgenic Zebrafish
(Courtesy of Katie Kindt, Porter Neuroscience Research Center,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD)
Sales Contact
Our dedicated Thorlabs sales team is ready to help you achieve your goals. Whether you are seeking more
information or are ready to make a purchase, please contact us for immediate assistance.
(703) 651-1700
u
[email protected]
Confocal Microscopy Systems
Thorlabs’ Confocal Imaging System can be used
to upgrade any research-grade microscope into a
confocal workstation. Its high-speed galvo-resonant
scan head provides a video frame rate of 30 fps at
512 x 512 pixels and a maximum frame rate of
400 fps at 512 x 32 pixels. Compatible with upright
and inverted microscopes, it supports a large field
number (FN) of 25.
Confocal imaging has several advantages over
widefield imaging, including the elimination of
out-of-focus light and improved spatial resolution.
Combined with multi-channel acquisition, it creates
detailed 3D volumetric images of biological
samples.
400 µm
Live, GFP-labeled hippocampal mouse neuron. Courtesy
of the 2015 Cold Spring Harbor summer course: “Imaging
structure and function in the nervous system.”
Confocal Rig with Fast XY Scanning
Stage and Dodt Contrast
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