Sooty Tern, Sterna fuscata of Japan / 日本のセグロアジサシ
Transcription
Sooty Tern, Sterna fuscata of Japan / 日本のセグロアジサシ
B u l l .Kan agawaP r e f .M u s .N o .13March1982 31 T h e First Zoeal Stages of P u g e t t i aq u a d r i d e n s r o c h e i r ahαem ρ i f e r i q u a d r i d e n s(DEH A AN) and Mαc (TEMMINCK) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majidae) Kensaku MURAOKA ヨツハ モガ ニと タ カ ア シ ガ ニ の第 1期 ゾエ ア に つ い て クモガニ科 ヨツ ハモガニ Pugettia quadridens quadridens (DE HAAN) とタカ アシ ガニ Macrocheira kaemρ•Ie r i (T EMMINCK〕の 2種の雌 ガニを 室内で飼育 し , 第 1期ゾ エアを得 ることができた。 これ ら 2種の幼生の外部形態を 観察す るとともに, すでに報告 されている同種の幼生と の比較観察 をお こなっ た。 ( 村岡健作〉 Thed e s c r i p t i o no fl ar v a eo ft h ed e c o r a t o rc r a b ,Pugettiaquadridensquadridens haveb e e ng i v e nbys e v e r ala u t h o r s.Aikawad e s c r i b e dt h el a r v a eo ft h ef i r s tz o e al s t a g eo b t a i n e dfromt h eo vi g e r o usfemal ei n1 9 2 7( i nJ a p a n e s e)and i n1 9 2 9( i n E n g l is h) .Kurata( 1 9 6 9)d es c r i b e dtwoz o e alando n eme gal o p as t a g e si n c l u d i n gt he s e ve r ali l l us t ra t i o nso ft h eappendageso fe a ch s t a g e .I w a t a( 1 9 7 0a , b〕madet he d e t a il e do b s e rva t i o nson t h ef e a t u r eso ft h epr e z o e aland t h ef i rs tz o e als t a g es b as e d on m a t e r i a l s whi ch have b e e nt a k e ni nH o k k a i d o . I nt he l a rv a eo ft he f αc r oc heira kaempferi, t h ef i rs tr e p o r twasmadebyAikawa g i a n ts p i d e rc r a b,λ ( 1 9 4 1),b u t he d e s c r i b e d onl yt h ef i rs tz o e als t a g e. Tanase ( 1 9 67 )p r ovi dedt h e f i rs td e s cr i p t i o no ft h ec o m p l e t el a r v ald evelopme n t .Kurata ( 1 9 69)d e s c r i b e dtwo z o e alandonemegalopas t a g esandcompar 官 lw i t ht h ef e a t u r e so ft he f u n c t i o n a l appendagesg i v e nbyTanas e . The p u r p o s eo ft h isp a p e ri st op r ovi ded e t ai lso ft h ef i rs tz o e als t a g e so ftwo .quadridensquadridensandM. kaem ρ ' f e r io b t ai ne dfromt h eo v i g e r o us c r a bs ,P f e m a l e . Pugetti αquαdridensquαdridens(DE HAAN) ( Fig.1 , AH) Theo v i g e r o u sf e m a l eswerec ole c t e dfromal gaegrowingont h er o c kys h o r ea t Hayama i nt h巴 MiuraP e n i ns u la . Thec r a b s werepl a c e di ncompartmentedgl as s ves sel swhi c hf i l le dw i t hf il t e r e ds e aw a t e r , andm a i n t a i n e di nl a b o r a t o r yo fdark c o n d i ti onu n t i lt h el arvaeha t c h e d.Theeggsh a t c h e di nA p r il1 9 8 1and t h eb r o o ds werer e a r ed p a r t ly i nsmalgl as sves sel s .Larvael ivedf o r4 5daysandt he nd i e d Thef i r s tz oe a ls t a g e so fs p i d e rc r a b s 32 w i t h o u tm o u l t i n g . P a r e n tfemaleswerei de n t i f i e dbyD r .T .S a k a i . . 3-1 . 4m m. Dimens i o n :Tipo fd o rs a lt ot i po fr os t r a ls p i ne s.1 D e s c r ・ i p t i o n : The c a r a p a c e has a g i b b o s e dor sa ls p i ne which c u r v e sc a u d a l l y . Ther o s t r a l s p i n ei ss h o r t and t he c a r a p a c ei sd evo i do fl a t e r a ls p i n es . The e ye sa r en o t s t a l k e d . Thea n t e n n u l ei sas m a l lt h u m b l i k ebudandb e a rs2l o n ga es t h e t a s csand1s e t a oni tsapex. The antenna has a s p i n o us pe d u n c l e more t h a nt w i c el e n g t ho ft h er os t r u m . Theendopod i ss h o r t e rt h a nt h ee x o p o d . The exopod i sa b o u ta h a l fl ength o f s p i n o uspe d u n c l eandbe ar sal o n gt e r m i n a ls et aand twos h o r tones . Them a x i l l u lec o ns i s t so ft h ec o x a le n d i t e ,bas a le n d it eandtwos egmente de ndopo d, w i t h1s e t a on t hef i r s ts e gmentandf o u rt e r m i n a ls et a eon t h es e c o n ds e g m e n t . The m a x i l l a cons i s t so ft h ec oxa landba sa le n d i t es , uns e gmentede ndopodand s caphogn a t h i t e .Theb i l o b e dc o x a landbas a le n d i t esbe a r4 ,4and5 ,4s et a eont h e d i s t a lp o r t i o nr es pe c t i v e l y . Theendopodc o ns i s t so f two segme n t s ,o f which t he p r oxi m a lonebe a rs1s e t a ,w h i l et hed is t a l4s e ta e.Thes caphogn a t h i t eb e a rs8s o f t plumos eh a i rsand3s h o r ts e t a eon t h ee xt er nalm a r g i n . Thef i rs tmaxi l l i p e dha sal o ng e ndopodandexopod. The s et a t i o no ft h ef i ve s egme n tso ft h eendopod i s3 ,2,1 ,2,5 .Thee xopod be ar s4plumos en a t a t o ryh a i rs oni tsd is t a l por t i o n . The s econd maxi l l i p e d ha sas ho r t endopodanda l o n ge xo p o d . Thet w o -s egmentedendopodhasas et a t i o no f1 ,4 .Theexopodbe a rs4plumos enat a t o ryh a i rs oni t sape x . Thet h i r dmaxi l l i p e dandt h o r a c i cl e g sa rep r e s e n tast h es mal buds . Theabdomencons i s t so ff i v es egmentsandat e ls on.Thes econdabdominals e gmentb e a rsap a i ro fs h o r tl a t e r a lk n o b s .Thet e ls oni sb i f u r c a te d ;t h eo ut e rl a t e r a l margin o ff u r c ai sf u r n is he dw i t hap a i ro fl a t e r a ls p i ne s and t h ei n ne rmargin o ff u r c aw i t ht h re ep a i rso fs p i ne s( At y pe ,ac c o r d i ng t oAikawa,1 9 2 9) . Mαc r o c h e i r αkαempferi(TEMMI NCK) ( F i g .1 ,1 -Q) Larvae hatche d from o v i g e r o usf e malewhich k e p ti n atanko ft heKanazawa 9 7 8.I ts eems Aquarium i nKanaz a w a c i ty ,I s hikawa P r e fe c t u r e , on20February1 p r o b a b l et h a tt he o v i g e r o us c r a b was t a ke n from t heP a c i f i cc o a s to ft heEos o Penins u l a . Dimens i o n:Tipo fd o rs a lt ot i po fr os t r a ls p i n es.2 . 8 2. 9mm. Proxi m a lt od is t a lp o r t i o nso fl a te r a lc a r a p a c es p i n e .0 . 4mm. D e s c r i p t i o n : The c a r a p a c ehasad o rs a ls p i n ewhichc u rv e sas l i g h tbackwa r d. Ther os t r a l B u l l .KanagawaP r e f .M u s .N o .13March1982 33 s p i n ei sa b o u tt w i c el 巴n gtho f antenna.Thel a t e r a ls p i n ei ss h o r t e r .Thee y e sa r e n o ts t al k e d . Thea n t e n n u l eb e a rs2l o n ga e s t h e t a s c sand1s e t a. Theantennac o n s i s tso fas pi n o usp e d u n c l e ,endopod ande x o p o d . Thes pi no u s p e d u n c l ehast h erowso fs p i n u l esal ongt h el a te r almargi n.Theendopodi ss m a l l . Theexopod3unequals p i n eson i tsdi s t alp o r t i o n . The m a x i l l u l e cons i s t so ft h ec o x aland bas a l endi t es and e n d o p o d . The b i s e gme n t e dendopod i sf u r n is hed wi t h 1s et a on t h ep r oxi m a ls e gmentandwi t h4 termi naland2subterminals e t a eon t hed i s t a ls e gm e n t . Them a x i l l ac o n s i s tso ft h ec o x a landb a s a le n d i t e s ,endopodands c aphogna t hi te . The b i l o b e dc o x a l and b a s a l endi t e sb e a r4 , 4and 4 ,5s e t a er e sp e c t ivel y. The b il o b a t e endopod b e a rs3s et ae on e a c hl o be and i ts margin a r ec o v e r e dw i t h nume r ousf i n eh a i rs . Thes caphognathi t eb e a rs1 5marginalplumoseh a i rs . Thef i r s tm a x i l l i pe dhasal ongendopodands l e n d e rexop o d .Thef i v es e gmented endopod b e a rsa s et a t i o no f3,2,1 ,2 ,5 . The exopod b e a r s 4 plumose n a t a t o ry h a i r son t h ea p i c alt i p . Thes e c ondm a x i l l i p巴dhasas h o r tendopod and al o n gexopod. Thet h r e es e g 巴t a ti o no f1 ,1 ,6 . The exopod be ar s4plumose h a i rson me n t e dendopod hasas i tsa p e x . The abdomen c o n s i s t so ff i v es e gments and onet el s o n. Thes e c ondand t h i r d abdominals e gmentsb e a rap a i ro fsmalknobso ne a c hl a t e r alm a r g i n .Thet el s on i sb i f u r c a t e d ,t h eo u t e rl at e r a l marginoff u r c ai sf u r n is he d wi t ht h r e ep a i rso f s pi ne sandt h ei n n e rl a te r almargin o ff u r c aw i t h6s p i n o usand1o r2f i n es e t a e whi ch a r e wi t h o u ts e t ul a e. 凶 Rernarl Thel arvaeo fP . quadriden squadridensweref i r s tr e p o r t e dbyAikawai n1 9 2 7. he ri tsl a rvac o r r e s p o n d st ot h ez o e ao ft h is Yang( 1 9 6 8 ) ,h o w e v e r ,i sdubi ouswh巴t s p e c i e s . Hes t a t e st h a tt h ef ea t u r白 o fi t sz o e ai sd i f f e r巴n tfrom t h a to ft h ez o e a sl a t e rr e p o r t( 1 9 2 9 )ont h esames p e c i es .AsYangpoi nto u t ,i t d e s c ri be di nAikawa’ s eemst ob et h ez o e ao fo t h e rs p e c i esf orhavingt h el a t e r als pi neont h ec a r a p a c e. I nt hi spaper,t h e r e f o re ,t h ecompari s o n so ft h emorphologicalf e a t u r esa r er es t r i c t e d t oh i sl a t e rr e p o r ti na c c o r d a n c ew i t ht h isvi ew( Table1 ) .Kurata( 1 9 6 9)d es c ri be d two z o e aland one megalopa s t a g esr e a r e d from h a t c h i n g ,b u td i d notg i v et h e des c r i p t i o n on t h eminutef e a t u r e so ft h eantennul eandt h ef i r s tm a x i l l i p e d . He d e s c ri be dt h a tt h e endopod o ft h es e c ond m a x i l l i p e dc o n s i s t so ft h r e es e g m e n t s , whereas wi t ht h ee x c e p ti o no fh isown a c c o u n t ,i tsendopodc o n si s t so ftwos e gmentsi nt h el a rvaeal r e a d ydes c r i b e dand i np r es e n t ma t e ri a la s wel l .According t oR i c e( 1 9 8 0 ) ,t h enumbe ro ft h es egment o ft h e endopod f o rz o e a oft h es u b fami ly P is i na ei stwos egments ,s ot h a ti ts e emst omet h a tKu ra t ad i dno tg i v e t hec o r r e c to b s er v a t i o n s .I wata( 1 9 7 0a ,b)o b s e r v e dt h edevel opmen to ft hep re z o e al Thef i r s tz o e a ls t a g eso fs p i d e rcrabs 34 寸 ) H J 』ー土_ g _ _ _ , A H,O,P B,C, F, G ,J-N D,E F i g .1 . P u g e t t i aq u a d r i de ns q u a d r i d e n s( deHaan , 〕f ir s tz o e a ls t age( A H〕and Macroche z r a k a e m p f e r i (Temminck),f i r s tz o e als t a g 巴〔IQ〕 A, z o e a,l a t e r a l view; B , antennule, C , antenna; D , maxi l lu l e , E ,m a x i l l a , F ,f i r s tmaxi l l i p e d, G ,s econdm a x i l l i p e d ; H , abdomen; I ,z o e a ,l a t e r alvi ew; J ,antennule; K,antenna; L ,mandible, M, m a x i l l u l e ; N ,m a x i l l a; 0 ,f ir s tm a x i l l i p e d ; P ,s e c o n d maxi l l i p e d ; Q,abdomen. Bars c al esr e p re s e n t0 .5mm. B u l l .KanagawaP r e f .M u s .N o .1 3March1 9 8 2 35 T a b l e1 . C o m p a r i s o no fmainc h a r a c t e r i s t i c si nt h ef i r s tz o e a ls t a g e so ft w om a j i d c r a b s ,P.quadride n sq u a d r i d e n sa ndM. kaempferi A P .q .q u a d r i d e n s P .q .q u a d r i d 仰 S P .q .q u a d r i d e n s P .q .q u a d r i d e n s P .q .q u a d r i d e n s 2 , 3 ? M. k ae 押z P f eγ i 2 , 2 1 ,1 2 ,1 2 , 2 2 ,1 M.k ae m p f e r z ? M.kaemρ•feri M. ka enψ•feri 2 ,1 B c D 1 , 4 1 , 4 1 , 4 1 ,4 1 , 4 1 , 6 1 , 4 1 , 6 1 ,6 4 4 5 5 4 5 5 6 6 1 0 1 0 5 5 1 1 1 5 1 21 3 ? 1 5 E 3 , 3 ,1 , 2 , 5 ? , ?, ? , 2, 5 3 , 2, 1 , 3, 5 3 ,2 , 1 ,3 , 5 3 , 2, 1 , 2 ,5 ? , ?, ? , ? ,5 3 ,2 , 1 , 2 ,5 ???ワワ 3 , 2 ,1 , 2 , 5 F 1 , 3 0 , 1 , 4 1 , 4 1 , 4 1 , 4 l ,1 , 6 1 , 6 1 ,1 , 6 l ,1 , 6 S o u r c e A i k a w a ,1 9 2 9 K u r a t a ,1 9 6 9 I w a t a , 1 9 7 0 a I w a t a , 1 9 7 0 b T h i sp a p e r A i k a w a ,1 9 4 1 T a n a s e ,1 9 6 7 K u r a t a , 1 9 6 9 T h i sp a p巴r 巴s t h e t as c sa n ds e t a eo fa n t e n n u l e ,B ,C ,s e t a t i o no ft h ee n d o p o d so ft h e A , number o fa maxi l l u l e( B)a n dt h em a x i l l a, D ,number o fh a i r so fs c a p h o g n a t h i t eo ft h em a x i l l a ; E , F,s e t a t i o no fe n d o p o d so ft h ef i rs tmaxi l l i p e d( E)andt h es e c o n dm a x i l l i p e d . andt h ef i rs tz o e a lst a ge sa t t r i b u te dt oP . quadridens c ;uadridens fromHokkaido, t h enorthern J a p a n . Thecomparis on wasmadebetween t h ef e a t u r e so ft h ef i rs t zo e a ls t a g ei nt h es p e c i esdes c r i b e dbyIwata and t h a to ft h e same s t a g ei nt h e p r es e n tm a t e r i a l . The mosto u tstanding d i f f e r e n c ei sc h i e f l yi nt h es e t a t i o no f appen d a g e s .I nIwata’ sa c c o u n t ,t h em a x i l l ai sf u r n is hedwith5s e t a eont h ed i s t a l s egmen to ft h e endopod and with5h a i r s on t h el a t e r a l margin o ft h escaphogn a t h i t e( T a b l e .1 ),w h i l ei nt h epres e n tm a t e r i a lt hemaxi l l ap o s s es se s4s e t a eon t heendopodand 1 1h a i rson t he s caphognathite. According t o Sakai〔 1 9 7 6)t h e a d u l tcrabo fP.r ;uadri dens cuadァidensfromHokkaidoi senormousi nsi z eascompare d witht h a to fs ames pe c ie stakenfromSagami Bay.Moreover,hes t a t est h a t .richiDanafrom t hec h a r a c t e r i s t i cso ft h ecrabr es emblesomewhatf e a t u re so fP t heP a c i f i cs i d eo f Canada and U .S .A . However, Ihave n o ty e t examined t h e l a r v a and crab o ft h es ame s p e c i e sfrom Hokkaido. Thus, i ti s ,a tp r e s e n t ,i m pos si b l et osaywhethert hemorphologicald i f f e r e n c esbetweent h ebothl a r v a ea r e s ugges t i n gt h ec h a r a c ter so fs p e c i eso rs u b s p e c ie s,o rt h er e su l to fe r r o r . h ef i rs td e s c r i p t i o no ft h ef i rs tz o e a ls t a g eo f M. Aikawa ( 1 9 4 1〕 provided t kaem1 げeri based on t he m a t r i a l hatched o u ti nt h eaquarium o f Misaki Marine sr e p o r tagr e esvery B i o l o g i c a lS t a t i o n,Unive r s i t yo fTokyo. I ng e n e r a l,Aikawa’ c l os el y withc h a r a c te r ist i csgi venheree x c e p ti nt h es et a l formulao ft h eendopod Tab l e1). Tanase ( 1 9 6 7)obs ervedt h edevelopment o f o ft he s econd m a x i l l i p e d〔 l a rva eo ft h et h i ss p e c ie s and g i v es t h es e t a l formula o ft h e both endopodso f t h em a x i l l u l ean t h es econd maxi l l i p e da s1 ,4and1 ,6r es pe c t i v e l y . However,h is ub de sc r i p t i o ni s inadequateon t h ef i rs tz o e a ls t a ge. Heprobab l yoverlooked2 s 司 t e r m i nals e t a e on t h ed is t als egment o ft h e endopod o ft h em a x i l l ai nt h ef i rs t z o e a ls t a g e , andf a i l e dt on o t i c et h eonej o i n to ft heproxi m a lp o r t i o ni nt h ee n d o pod o ft h es econd m a x i l l i pe d asw e l l . I na l lo ft h ef i rs tz o e a ls tageo ft h es ame 36 Th 巴 f i r s tz o e a ls t a g e so fs p i d e re r ab s i e s ,with theexception o fTanase’ srearedm a t e r i a l , theendopodofthemaxilla sp巴c ist a l s巴gment, and th巴 endopod o f the second maxillip巴d bears 6 setae on the d c o n s i s t s of three segments; the proximal and middl色 segmentseach b巴ar 1s巴t a , 巴t a e . and thed i s t a l one bears6s Acknowledgements I would l i k et o thank Dr. T. Sakai, President o f the Japanese Carcinological l s ol i k et othankMr.H. Matsumura, S o c i e t y ,f o rh i svaluablesuggestions .Iwoulda Kanazawa Aquarium, f o r providing me with the larvae of M. kaem ρ'feη・ Literature cited 9 2 7 .Morphologyo fbrachyuranz o e 呂l s t a g 巴 S uisanGakkaiHo( P r o c .s c i .F i s h e r . AIKAWA, H. 1 A s s o c . , 〕 4( 4 ) :2 7 02 9 6 , 1p l .( i nJapan 巴s e〕 AIKAWA,H. 1 9 2 9 .Onl a r v a lformso fsomeB r a c h y u r a .R e c .O c e a n o g r . Worksfa ρ,2 :1 75 5 . AIKAW A ,H. 1 9 4 1 .A d d i t i o n a ln o t 巴S t oBrachyural a r v a e.R e c .O c e a n o g r .Worksfa ρ .,1 2 :1 1 71 2 0 . I VAじ h F .1 9 7 0 a .Ont h ef i r s tz o巴ao fP u g e t t i aq u a d r i d e n s( BrachyuraMajidae〕fromHokkaiI d o .Proc .fa ρ .S o c .S y s t .Z o o l . ,N o .6 , 69 ,4p i s . u g e t t i aq u a d r i d e n s (DeHaan):1 . IWAT A,F .1 9 7 0 b .S t u d i e sont h edevelopmento ft h ec r a bP h a t c h i n gandz o e a e .P u b l .S e t oMar. B i o l .L a b . , XVIII ( 3 ) ,1 8 9-1 9 7 . KuRATA,H. 1 9 6 9 .Larvaeo fDecapodaBrachyurao fA r a s a k i ,SagamiBayI V .Majida巴. Bull. o .5 7 ,8 11 2 7 . TokaiR e g .F i s h .R e s .L a b . ,N R i e f,A.L .1 9 8 0 .Crabz o e a l morphologyandi t sb 巴a r i n gont h ec l a s s i f i c a t i o no ft h巴 Brachy“ u r aT r a n s .z o o l .S o c .L o n d . ,3 5 :2 7 14 2 4 . SAK A I , T. 1 9 7 6 .Crabso fJapanandt h ea d j a c e n ts e a s .KodanshaL t d .Tokyo.7 7 3p p . ,2 5 1p i s . TANAs ;,H. 1 9 6 7.P r e l i m i n a r yn o t e sonz o e aandmegalopao ft h ec r a b ,M a c r o c h e i r al w e m p j e r i deHaan. P u b .S e t oMar. B i o l .L a b . , XV ( 4 ) ,3 0 33 0 9 . YANG,羽人 T. 1 9 6 8 . The z o e a e ,m e g a l o p a , and f i r s tc r a bo f E戸i a l t u sd i l a t a t u s( B r a c h y u r a , e a r e di nt h 巴 l a b o r a t o r y .C r u s t a c e a n a , Su 戸 戸. lI I ,1 8 12 0 2 , 2p i s . Majidae〕r