COMENIUS 1 PROJECT Get

COMENIUS 1 PROJECT
Get-In Europe by Cycling
History of the Means of Transportation in French Cities…
1700 – PARIS
FIRST PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICE : THE SEDAN CHAIR
FOR 1 OR 2 PEOPLE ONLY
FIRST HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY – PARIS
THIS IS THE « OMNIBUS » (COACH FOR EVERYBODY)
COULD CARRY SEVERAL PEOPLE AT THE SAME TIME
THIS IS A CARICATURE OF THE OMNIBUS
PEOPLE DID NOT LIKE THEM BECAUSE THEY WERE COLD AND NOT COMFORTABLE.
SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY – PARIS
ANOTHER TYPE OF OMNIBUS : RICH PEOPLE COULD TRAVEL INSIDE AND POORER PEOPLE HAD TO TRAVEL
ON THE TOP OUTSIDE WITHOUT ANY PROTECTION.
END OF 19TH CENTURY – PARIS
POORER PEOPLE WERE NOW PROTECTED FROM THE RAIN, BUT STILL OUTSIDE.
THE OMNIBUSES WERE DRAGGED BY HORSES
END OF THE 19TH CENTURY – PARIS
THE FIRST TRAMWAY : BYE BYE HORSES, HELLO STEAM!!!
MORE COMFORTABLE ON RAILWAYS THAN ON ROADWAYS IN BAD CONDITION.
FIRST ELECTRIC TRAMWAY – PARIS – 1881
1900 – PARIS
FIRST « METROPOLITAIN » (UNDERGROUND)
NEW DIMENSION FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN FRANCE
1903 – LILLE – BOULEVARD DE LA LIBERTE
BEFORE THE ARRIVAL OF THE CAR
PEDESTRIANS COULD WALK FREELY AND SAFELY ON ROADWAYS
1912 – PARIS
OTHER KIND OF OMNIBUS
VERY POPULAR MEANS OF TRANSPORT
IN THE 30TH – AROUND PARIS
THE « ELECTROBUS » , BEFORE THE TROLLEY BUS
1926 – PARIS
PEDESTRIANS, TRAMWAYS AND CARS TOGETHER
AND STILL NO ROAD SIGNS!!!
1934 – LILLE
THE LOCAL TROLLEYBUS…
MARSEILLE – END OF WORLD WAR II AND AFTER…
GOLDEN AGE OF THE TROLLEYBUS
1965 – TOURS
EVEN SMALLER CITIES HAD THEIR TROLLEYBUS
1950 – ROUBAIX (SUBURBS OF LILLE)
THE TRAMWAY
A NON-POLLUTING MEANS OF TRANSPORT
1950 – AROUND PARIS
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUS
1958 – TRAMWAY IN VALENCIENNES (NORTH OF FRANCE)
1966 – LILLE
PEOPLE STARTED USING THEIR OWN CAR INSTEAD OF TAKING THE TRAMWAY.
THEY DID NOT WORRY ABOUT POLLUTION AT THE TIME.
1970 – PARIS
THE « R.E.R. » LINKED PARIS AND ITS SUBURB
1984 – LILLE
THE FIRST AUTOMATIC (WITHOUT DRIVER) UNDERGROUND IN FRANCE
1996 – LYON
WISH FOR DRIVING GREEN AND CLEAN, THE TROLLEYBUS CAME BACK IN BIG CITIES
2006 – PARIS
ANOTHER COME BACK (FOR ENVIRONMENTAL REASONS) :
THE TRAMWAY HAD BEEN PUT ASIDE FOR 30 YEARS.
2006 – VALENCIENNES
THE BRAND-NEW TRAMWAY…
WHAT ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE BICYCLE???
LEONARDO DA VINCI IS SAID TO HAVE DRAWN THE 1st BICYCLE IN 1482…
THE GERMAN BARON KARL DRAIS VON SAUERBRONN INVENTED
THE « DRAISIENNE » BICYCLE IN 1817
HE PRESENTED HIS « LAUFMASCHINE » (MACHINE TO RUN)
IN PARIS IN 1818
THE « DRAISIENNE » WAS MADE OF WOOD, HAD A DIRECTION, BUT NO BRAKES.
1839 : KIRKPATRICK MAC MILLAN, A SCOTTISH BLACKSMITH,
INVENTED THE 1st REAL BICYCLE…
MAC MILLAN ADDED A CLEVER
SYSTEM OF PEDALS,
THROUGH A BACKWARD AND
FORWARD MOTION.
YOUR FEET DID NOT TOUCH THE
GROUND ANYMORE.
IN 1861, ERNEST MICHAUX (FRANCE)
CREATED A ROTARY PEDAL SYSTEM FOR THE FRONT WHEEL…
THE « BICYCLE » WAS BORN AND KNEW
ITS 1st COMMERCIAL SUCCESS (400 BICYCLES SOLD IN 1865)
1895 : HARMON D. MOISE INVENTED AND DESIGNED THE « FREE WHEEL » ON THE FRONT
WHEEL AND ON THE REAR WHEEL.
BICYCLES WENT FASTER,
SO THAT BRAKES WERE INVENTED
AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY
1870 : THE « GRAND BI »
(ITS FRONT WHEEL, WHICH WAS EQUIPPED WITH A ROTARY PEDAL SYSTEM, COULD REACH
1.50 METER-HIGH…)
THE BIG WHEEL WITH THE ROTARY PEDAL SYSTEM COULD INCREASE THE CYCLING DISTANCE,
BUT THE « GRAND BI » WAS ALSO MORE DANGEROUS!
1880:
HANS RENOLD INVENTED
THE CHAIN TRANSMISSION
(STILL IN USE NOWADAYS)
1879:
THE ENGLISH LAWSON INVENTED A CRANK GEAR
WHICH HELPED THE REAR WHEEL SPIN.
1885 : JOHN STARLEY INVENTED THE « ROVER SAFETY BICYCLE »
THIS BICYCLE WAS SAFER (BECAUSE THE CYCLER SAT AT THE REAR) AND FASTER
1891:
FRENCH INVENTOR
EDOUARD MICHELIN
CREATED
THE PNEUMATIC FOR BICYCLES
1903 : FIRST « TOUR DE FRANCE »
1933 : THE FRENCH CHARLES MOCHET INVENTED THE FIRST « LYING BICYCLE ».
THIS KIND OF BICYCLE WAS FORBIDDEN TO TAKE PART IN THE RACES
BECAUSE IT WAS TOO FAST!!!
1965 : THE « FOLDING BICYCLE » (INVENTED IN 1878) BECAME VERY POPULAR.
IT WAS EASY TO STOW IN A FLAT OR TO BRING IN A CAR OR A TRAIN…
MODERN TIMES :
THE BICYCLE HAS KEPT ITS SHAPE SINCE ITS APPEARANCE IN THE 1890S…
…BUT, THANKS TO THE NEW TECHNOLOGIES, BICYCLES BECAME FASTER…
…LIGHTER…
…AND EVEN USEFUL NOT TO TIRE ONESELF, WITH THE ELECTRIC BIKE!!!
WHAT ABOUT CYCLE USERS?
IN THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH
CENTURY, BICYCLES WERE USED BY
BURGRESSES.
IT WAS EXPENSIVE AND THERE WERE
ONLY 130.000 BICYCLES IN 1893 .
LATER THE PRICE OF THE BICYCLE KEPT DECREASING AND IT BECAME A NECESSARY TOOL FOR
THE WORKERS TO GO TO THE FACTORY.
THERE WERE 3.500.000 BICYCLES IN 1914.
IT WAS VERY USEFUL FOR ONE’S FREE TIME TOO!!!
(1936 : 1st BANK HOLIDAY IN FRANCE)
FROM 1950s TO 1980s : FEWER AND FEWER BICYCLES.
PEOPLE PREFERRED USING THEIR CARS!!!
FROM 1980s ON : PEOPLE HAVE STARTED CYCLING AGAIN FOR LEISURE (MOUNTAIN BIKES…)
THEY HAVE STARTED CYCLING AGAIN IN CITIES TOO, TO AVOID TRAFFIC-JAMS!!!
TODAY,
MORE AND MORE
FRENCH BIG CITIES
ARE TRYING TO
INCREASE
THE USE OF BICYCLE
AS A GREENER
MEANS OF
TRANSPORTATION…
IN PARIS,
SINCE JULY 2007, PARISIAN CITIZENS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO TAKE A BICYCLE FROM 750 DIFFERENT STATIONS
THROUGH THE CITY AND PUT THEM OFF ANYWHERE (24-HOURS SERVICE)
THIS SYSTEM CALLED « VELIB » IS ALREADY USED DAILY BY 9000 PARISIAN CITIZENS
ON 400 KMS OF CYCLING ROADWAYS.
IT COSTS THEM 29 EUROS FOR A WHOLE YEAR.
THE TARGET IS TO DECREASE THE TRAFFIC-JAM AND THE POLLUTION THROUGH THE CAPITAL!!!
IN LYON (2ND BIGGEST CITY IN FRANCE)
SINCE MAY 2005, CITIZENS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO TAKE A BICYCLE FROM 70 DIFFERENT STATIONS
THROUGH THE CITY AND PUT THEM OFF ANYWHERE (24-HOURS SERVICE)
THIS SYSTEM CALLED « VELOV » IS ALREADY USED DAILY BY THOUSANDS OF CITIZENS
IT IS FREE IF YOU USE THEM DURING LESS THAN 30 MINUTES.
THE TARGET IS TO DECREASE THE TRAFFIC-JAM AND THE POLLUTION THROUGH THE CITY!!!
IN MARSEILLE (3RD BIGGEST CITY IN FRANCE)
SINCE OCTOBER 2007, CITIZENS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO TAKE A BICYCLE FROM 130 DIFFERENT
STATIONS THROUGH THE CITY AND PUT THEM OFF ANYWHERE (FROM 6 a.m. TO MIDNIGHT)
THIS SYSTEM CALLED « VELO » IS ALREADY USED DAILY BY THOUSANDS OF CITIZENS
IT IS FREE IF YOU USE THEM DURING LESS THAN 30 MINUTES.
SAME TARGETS THAN IN PARIS AND LYON!!!
IN NANTES (6th BIGGEST CITY IN FRANCE),
SINCE 2008, CITIZENS HAVE BEEN ABLE TO TAKE A BICYCLE FROM 79 DIFFERENT STATIONS THROUGH THE
CITY AND PUT THEM OFF ANYWHERE (FROM 8 a.m. to 8 p.m.)
THIS SYSTEM CALLED « BICLOO » EXPECTS 2000 USERS EACH DAY
ON 400 KMS OF CYCLING ROADWAYS.
IT IS FREE IF YOU USE THEM LESS THAN 30 MINUTES.
SAME TARGETS!!!
IN BORDEAUX (9th BIGGEST CITY IN FRANCE),
SINCE 2003, FREE-LENDING SERVICE RESERVED TO THE CITIZEN OF THE CITY.
SYSTEM CALLED « V.V.B. » (VELO-VILLE-BORDEAUX)
200 KMS OF CYCLING ROADWAYS.
45000 USERS FOR 4000 BICYCLES
SAME TARGETS!!!
IN LILLE
(10th BIGGEST CITY IN FRANCE)
A CHARTER FOR BICYCLE USERS
WAS WRITTEN IN 2000.
THE CITY UNDERTOOK TO:
- INCREASE BICYCLE ROADWAYS
- CREATE SAFE PLACES TO PARK
BICYCLES
- EASE MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT
THERE IS NO SELF-SERVICE SYSTEM
(SUCH AS PARIS OR LYON)
AS A CONCLUSION:
BETTER THAN ALL THE SPEECHES IN THE WORLD:
GET ON YOUR BIKE!!
(‘ON YER BIKES!!)
COMENIUS PROJECT 2007-2009
GET-IN EUROPE BY CYCLING
« HISTORY OF URBAN TRANSPORT AND BICYCLE IN FRANCE »
MR SANS - MR SOLERI
AND THE CLASS OF 5 4
ORIGINAL SOUNDTRACK:
1. ARTHUR SMITH : « GUITAR BOOGIE »
2. QUEEN : « BICYCLE RACE »
3. KATIE MELUA : « NINE MILLION BICYCLES »
APRIL, 2008