Multisensory Grammar AOGPE REV.pptx
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Multisensory Grammar AOGPE REV.pptx
Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference TEACHING GRAMMAR KAREN K. LEOPOLD, MS.ED. ACCREDITED TRAINING FELLOW/AOGPE THE KILDONAN TEACHER TRAINING INSTITUTE CONSULTANT EMAIL: [email protected] 2014 AOGPE Conference: Sessions 1E & 6C Teaching Grammar to Middle and High School Students Ê Using appropriate grammar when writing is especially difficult for dyslexic students Ê Many dyslexics also have problems using correct grammar when talking Ê Direct and explicit instruction is critical Ê Providing multisensory instruction and practice helps students make the most progress Ê All grammar concepts must be transferred directly into the students writing Ê The ultimate goal of teaching grammar -‐ is for students know how to edit their writing and produce grammatically correct sentences 2 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 1 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference GRAMMAR Ê The rule-‐based system used to establish good sentence structure Ê Main purpose for learning grammar Ê To enable the student to write better sentences Ê Any parts of speech taught Ê Should be transferred immediately into writing 3 Spelling Errors Ê Misspellings should not be corrected Ê If a word cannot be read, just write the correct word in black pen Ê Spelling errors provide insight into student’s spelling ability 4 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 2 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Teaching The Basics ~ Parts of Speech The big 8: nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections PLUS articles, helping verbs, and the ellipsis 5 Whether you are diagramming a sentence or not, 2 steps must be completed first Ê Sentence Analysis: determining a word’s part of speech Ê Analysis should be completed in a specific order: article, noun, pronoun, verb, helping verb, adjective, adverb, preposition and its Object, interjection, conjunction, ellipsis Ê Function Analysis: determining the function of a word or group of words Ê Analysis should be completed in a specific order: verb/Simple Predicate, Simple Subject, Clauses, Conjunctions (Subordinate, Relative Pronouns , Complete Subject and Complete Predicate, then in depth analysis of Phrases, Objects, etc. By using a specified order of identification, the students learn the different parts of speech and functions by always looking for them 6 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 3 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Article = a, an, the n Tells a noun is coming soon n A Used before a single noun (or noun phrase) that begin with a consonant Ex: a bird, a red apple n n n An n n n Used before a single noun (or noun phrase) that begins with a vowel sound Ex: an egg; an ugly duckling The n n Used before a single or plural noun (or noun phrase) that indicates a specific person or thing(s) Ex: the rabbit that ran away; the elephants 7 Noun n n = person, place, thing, or an idea Fits the Formula: the three 2 Types: n Common noun n n Does not name a particular person, place, or thing Is not capitalized n n Ex: woman, city, building Proper noun n n Names a specific person, place, or thing Is capitalized n Ex: Jane, New York, Ford 8 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 4 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Noun n Teach concrete nouns first n n Names an object, person, or thing Can be: n n n n n Names a quality, characteristic, or an idea n Ex. Beauty, strength, love, courage Nouns n n 9 Sensed and measured Alive (animate) or not alive (inanimate) Categorized Drawn easily Abstract nouns (conceptually more advanced) n n = person, place, thing, or an idea n Can be described Have synonyms and antonyms Can be compared and contrasted Noun n = person, place, thing, or an idea Exercises n Give students a list of nouns and have them write a sentence for each noun n Give students a topic or category and have them generate a list of 10 -15 nouns n This exercise can also be used when teaching paragraph writing 10 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 5 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Pronoun = takes the place of a noun, whose identity is made clear earlier Personal Pronouns Subjective singular I you he she it 1st 2nd 3rd plural we you they singular Objective plural me you him her it us you them 11 Pronoun n Use text with proper/common nouns and have student replace the nouns with common pronouns n Later, talk about pronoun-antecedent (noun) agreement n They must agree in number and singular/plural n n Activities A student in that all-women’s college should have no fears about her/their future. Label students with appropriate pronoun n n Boy = I & he, Girl = I & she, object = it Have other pronouns on cards (I, you, we, his, her, etc.) n Act out when each student can use the other pronouns 12 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 6 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Verb = shows action or being n Action verb: n Being verb ~ shows existence am be become are being seem I will _________________ (future) Yesterday I ____________ (past) I have ________________ (present perfect) is been was were 13 Verb n Concrete nouns: n Have observable actions, functions, or purposes n n n = shows action or being Ex. Dog ran, girl sang, mom cooked Ex. Ears listen, bark protects, sun heats Concrete nouns with static qualities: n Can be defined by non-movement n Ex. Door hangs, mountains lie, tree stands 14 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 7 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Verb n = shows action or being First teach, use an inflected form of an action verb Article + Noun + Verb –ed n First use with animate nouns n n n n n Ex: The door squeaked. Using -ed helps reduce student reliance on helping verb + verb -ing Introduce student to regular and irregular pasttense verb patterns § § 15 Ex: The horse galloped. Then use with inanimate nouns Ex: gallop - galloped vs. stand - stood Refer to pp.15-26 of Winston Teacher’s Manual & Irregular Verb PDF file Verb = shows action or being n Inanimate Noun + Verb Relationships These verbs are associated with inanimate nouns: n n n n n n n n n verbs Inanimate N + V leaned sat lay hovered hung stretched rested stood spread branch leaned vase sat towel lay smoke hovered picture hung cloud stretched umbrella rested coat rack stood oil spread 16 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 8 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Verb Exercises n Give students a list of verbs and have them write a sentence for each verb play n jump n n Next, from a list of paired nouns and verbs have the students write a sentence with each pair Jane ran __________________________. n The castle sat ______________________. n 17 Helping Verb n Appears before the main verb could would should might have did n may had does am, are, is, was, were ~ can also act as helping verbs n n can will shall must has do Ex: I am going with you. He is walking home. Also called auxiliary verbs 18 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 9 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Winston Grammar Worksheet #8 If you are using the Winston worksheets you must change the coding directions. n Put a check over articles n Box nouns once n Box personal pronouns n Circle verbs n Underline with arrow all helping verbs. 19 2. The White Sox might be in the playoffs. 5. The giraffes had eaten the leaves from the tops of the trees. 6. The heavy rains kept the farmers from the fields. 20 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 10 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Contractions n n A word made up of 2 words combined into one by omitting 1 or more letters Often combine a pronoun with a linking verb or a helping verb n n n A helping verb + Not (adverb) n n He + is = he’s [is = linking verb] I + will = I’ll [will = helping verb] Was + not = wasn’t Label each part of the contraction separately (see handout for lists of contractions) 21 22 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 11 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Adjective = adj. noun/pronoun n Adjective show n Comparison (adj. +er, adj. +est) n Antonyms & synonyms n n n n Ex: Taller, tallest Antonyms: happy/sad, tall/short Synonyms: Happy/glad, tall/high L Color and # !! n Fits formula: n Answers: n J the _________ person the _________ object Which one? What kind of? How many? How much? 23 Adjective = adj. n Nouns noun/pronoun can be used as adjectives n Ex: sofa cushion, hotel lobby, bread pudding, glass beads, French perfume n Determine which word is describing the other n If you took away the adjective would the noun still make sense in the sentence? n He ate bread pudding. n Did he eat pudding or did he eat bread? 24 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 12 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Adjective Exercises n Provide phrases of adjectives and nouns (pink dress)* n n n Provided a noun with a space before it ( _______ candy)* n n n Have the students generate the noun for each adj. (tall flower) Provide adjective and noun phrases (dark castle)* n n The students write in the adjective(s) Write a sentence for a few phrases Provide list of adjectives with a space after each adj. (tall)* n n Have students identify the nouns and the adjectives Then pick a few phrases to write in a sentence Have the students change the adjective in front of each noun Have student write many sentences using adjectives and nouns * = pages from DHK Writing Skills workbooks by EPS 25 Adjective Exercises For a group of students (fold a paper into 3 columns): 1. 1st student writes 10 common nouns in the 3rd column (a person’s name cannot be used); fold column under 2. Next, student writes an adjective(s) answering how many, how much, which one, or what kind of in the 2nd column (without seeing list of nouns) 3. 3rd student writes an appropriate article in the 1st column seeing all the columns 4. Then, the 3rd/4th student orally completes the sentence (Ex. The six purple calico cats danced all night.) 26 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 13 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Adverb = adv. n n n n Sept. 10 Often deals with time Often can be moved to another place in the sentence ________ly - Often ends in -ly (But not always, ex: silly) Answers: n n verb/ adverb/ adjective When? Where? Why? How? To what extent? Additional Information n n n adv. Adverb not is often contained in a contraction (ex: isn’t) Very & not are always adverbs Other adverbs: here, there, (where), never, ever, also, always, too 27 Adverb Exercises n Provide phrases of verbs and adverbs have students identify the adverb (walked slowly)* n n Provide a phrase containing a verb and adverb (sang ____)* n n Have the students change the adverb as many times as they can in some phrases and change the verb on other phrases Provide sentences with a space before the noun and after the verb (_______ man sleep ___________)* n n Put in some verb-noun phrases also (to determine if students can correctly identify the adverb) Have students write in adjectives and adverbs Have students write sentences with many adverbs n Next, take the same sentence and then add adjectives * = pages from DHK Writing Skills workbooks by EPS 28 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 14 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Adverb Exercises For a group of students (fold paper into 3 columns): 1. 1st student writes 10 verbs in the 2nd column 2. Next student writes an answering how or to what extent in the 1st column 3. 3rd student writes an adverb or adverbial phrase answering when or where in the last column and orally completes the sentence. 4. Ex. The dog quickly jumped over the house. 29 Winston Grammar Worksheet #14 If you are using the Winston Grammar worksheets remember to check if you have to change any coding directions Code all parts of speech learned so are n Draw arrows from adjectives and adverbs to words they modify n 30 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 15 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference 2. Pure water is delicious on a hot day. 4. Tiny snakes are sometimes quite poisonous. 5. We will plant an oak tree there. 31 Preposition = (prep. n Most show direction or location (level I) n n These are almost always prepositions: (levels II & III) n n n 32 at, by, during, (for), from, of, through, (to), with Common prepositions that do not indicate location: (level III) n n Is anything a squirrel can do in relation to a tree, a plane in relation to a cloud, etc. about, after, against, before, beyond, except, until Usually associated with spatial or temporal relationships Begin a prepositional phrase Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 16 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Preposition = (prep. Level I In At On Up To Down Around Near Under Above Over Inside Outside Off Into Level II Below Beneath Across Through Toward, towards Underneath Upon Between Level III About After Against Along Among Before Beyond By During For From Of Until With 33 Prepositional Phrase = (Prep + OP) n A group of words that start with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun n n The noun/pronoun after the preposition is the Object of the Preposition (OP) n n Phrase = a group of words not containing a verb and its subject Answers: What? Whom? The prep. phrase can act as an ADJ. or ADV. modifying another word in the sentence ADJ Prep. n OP Ex: She knows the guest (from Spain.) 34 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 17 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Prepositional Phrase Exercises First, exercises should be done with nouns, then verbs, and finally with both nouns and verbs n Provide list of nouns (or verbs) with prepositional phrases* n n Student codes the phrase and identifies the noun/verb modified and the type of prep. phrase (ADJ./ADV.) (the door in the basement) Provide the prepositional phrase with a blank before it n Student adds a noun/verb before each phrase (______over the fence) n Provide a list of nouns/verbs and prepositions n Student uses sample phrases in a sentence n Student matches a prepositional phrase after each noun/verb * = pages from DHK Writing Skills workbooks by EPS 35 Interjection ! n Words that indicate: Noise ~ Bang! Boom! n Emotion ~ Ouch! Gosh! n Speed ~ Zip! Whoosh! n n “Batman words” 36 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 18 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Coordinating Conjunction and but or for nor yet ; ® n n n n n n n F A N B O Y ; = = = = = = = cc (for) is sometimes a preposition and nor but or (yet) is sometimes and adverb semicolon Coordinating conjunctions form compounds, which must be made of similar units ® Ex: Sally and John = compound subjects ® Ex: Run and jump = compound verbs 37 Coordinating Conjunction n n When forming compound sentences, coordinating conjunctions are always preceded by a comma And n n n n Means you’re going in the same direction Forms a compound Ex: We drove all day, and it was dark by the time we got home. But n n n n cc Means you’re going in one direction, but then change your direction It signals a contrast or unexpected problem Ex: Jumping rope looks easy, but it takes lot of practice. Or n n Means you have a choice Ex: Sally can walk, or she can drive to the store. 38 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 19 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Coordinating Conjunction n For = means “because”; “since” n n Ex: I need to get a job, for my parents can no longer support me. Yet = means “and despite this”; “nevertheless” n n cc Ex: Credit cards are useful, yet many people manage without them. Nor = means “and not”; “or not”; “not either” n n n After nor the word order changes The first part of the sentence must be negative Ex: They cannot leave Italy, nor can they travel without a permit. 39 Coordinating Conjunction n cc ; semicolon n Is used to to join 2 independent clauses n when the ideas that are so closely related that a period would make too distinct a break between them Ex: Take only the items you need; leave behind all large heavy items. n Ex: You cannot turn on Main Street; it is a one-way street. n 40 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 20 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference The Ellipsis n < > A part of the sentence/clause that is missing, but it is needed to make the sentence grammatically correct n The understood subject <I> n ^Thank you for the flowers. <You> n ^Go n to your room. <is tall> She is taller than he ^. 41 Winston Grammar Quiz #3 If you are using the Winston Grammar worksheets remember to check if you have to change any coding directions n n This program contains a pre- & post- test in addition to quizzes. The coding can be used with any other grammar worksheets and also with the student’s own writing samples. 42 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 21 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference 1. I have never been to Wyoming, but I am going there soon. 2. Oh, the summer is passing too quickly! 3. During the storm, we stood in the doorway of the building. 43 SENTENCES & CLAUSES 44 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 22 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference SENTENCE FORM There are 4 forms of sentences 1. Simple (S+P) 2. Compound (S+P, cc S+P) 3. Complex (S + P sc S + P) or (sc S + P, S + P) 4. Compound-‐Complex 45 Simple Sentence § Subject + Predicate = Clause § Simple predicate (P) = the main verb/action § Simple subject (S) = noun that answers Who/what + P § S+P+ makes sense & stands alone = Sentence or Independent Clause § A sentence has a Clause (S+P) § A Clause can stand alone by itself § It expresses a complete thought § Called an Independent or Main Clause 46 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 23 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Simple Sentence § Can have [and/or] § Compound nouns § Compound verbs § Compound adjectives § Compound adverbs § Begins with a capitalized word § Ends with a punctuation mark after the last word 47 SENTENCE PURPOSE 4 Purposes 1. Declarative . a) Declares something; makes a statement 2. Imperative . a) Gives a command or makes a request 3. Interrogative ? a) Interrogates; asks a question 4. Exclamatory ! a) Exclaims, expresses strong feeling 48 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 24 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Compound Sentence § 2 Independent Clauses (S+P, cc S+P) § § § Each Clause can stand alone (S+P) Is joined by a coordinating conjunction (or ; conjunctive adverb) The coordinating conjunction is always preceded by a comma S P S P Ex: Pam washed the windows, and Tim painted the garage. 49 Practice, practice, practice! Ê Student should practice writing many of compound sentences. Ê Label these sentences: Ê Fill the canteen, but don’t drink any of the water. Ê You must be made; that could be dangerous! 50 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 25 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Run-‐on Sentence § Sentence error § Has 2 Independent Clauses (sentences) that run together with no conjunction § Ex: You can jog he can play Frisbee. § Correction: § Divide it into 2 sentences with a period § Ex: You can jog. He can play Frisbee. § Add a conjunction and make it into compound sentences § Ex: You can jog, and he can play Frisbee. § Exercises: § Write run-‐on sentences and then correct them. 51 Subordinate (Dependent) Clause § Dependent Clause (S+P) § Cannot stand alone by itself § Called a Dependent or Subordinate Clause § It does not express a complete thought § Begins with a subordinating conjunction § Ex: After we came home Subordinating Conjunction + S + P = Dependent Clause 52 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 26 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Subordinating Conjunctions (To Make a Dependent or Subordinate Clause) SC after because provided when although before since whenever as even so that where as if even if than wherever as much as how though whether as soon as if unless while as though in order that until why 53 Complex Sentence § Independent Clause + subordinating conjunction + Dependent Clause § Ex: We stayed indoors until the storm stopped. § If Dependent Clause comes first, then a comma comes before the Independent Clause P S P S P adv. § Ex: Until the storm stopped, we stayed indoors. 54 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 27 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference Practice Writing Complex Sentences Ê First, have students practice writing dependent clauses. Give the students various subordinating conjunctions use. Ê After the student write a number of dependent clauses, then have them write the independent clause to go with dependent clause thus making a complex sentence. Reinforce that the comma comes before the independent clause. Ê Now, you write a dependent clause starting with the subordinating conjunction because Ê Next, write the independent clause to make a complex sentence. Ê After a lot of practice, have the students write complex sentences starting with an independent clause. Ê Students need a lot of practice writing complex sentences. 55 Compound-‐Complex Sentence § 2 or more Independent Clauses + 1 or more Dependent Clause § Ex: When the snowstorm ended, I shoveled the driveway, and my brother shoveled the walkway. 56 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 28 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference To Diagram or Not to Diagram …. Ê In 1877, Alonzo Reed and Brainerd Kellogg published their method of sentence diagramming Ê This prescriptive (traditional) grammar was taught as a discrete set of rigid rules to be memorized, and practiced. Ê Descriptive (transformational) grammar developed out of Noam Chomsky’s work in 1957. Ê “Teachers believed that grammar instruction should be matched to the purpose of the user. Teachers found descriptive grammar theories to be more flexible, reflecting actual usage and self-‐expression over "correct" structures.” 1 57 1 - http://www.glencoe.com/sec/teachingtoday/subject/to_teach.phtml A Quote from Albert Einstein Do you know what it says? You simply don’t understand it well enough if you can’t explain it. 58 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 29 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference That Is or Is That the Question? Ê Grammar instruction should be tailor-‐made to meet the needs of students, and should weave both appropriate practices into relevant, meaningful instruction Ê The goal of effective grammar instruction is to weave it into the students’ reading and writing Ê Write two sentences on the board each day that demonstrate a balance of correct and incorrect applications of the concepts upon which you are focusing Ê Finally, continue grammar instruction by expecting students to apply the grammatical concepts you are teaching in their own writing. 59 To Diagram or Not to Diagram It is up to you as you determine the needs of your students. 60 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 30 Multisensory Grammar AOGPE 2014 Conference What do you say when confronted by the grammar police? They’re, there, their Please email me at [email protected] if you would like additional grammar information and a copy of the masters for the grammar cards. RESOURCES § Erwin, Paul R. (1995). The Winston Grammar Program -‐ Basic Level. Battleground, VA: Precious Memories Educational Resources. (www.winstongrammar.com) § King, Diana H. Writing Skills A. (2nd ed). Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service, Inc. (www.epsbooks.com) § King, Diana H. Writing Skills 1. (2nd ed). Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service, Inc. (www.epsbooks.com) § King, Diana H. Writing Skills 2. (2nd ed). Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service, Inc. (www.epsbooks.com) § King, Diana H. Writing Skills 3. (2nd ed). Cambridge, MA: Educators Publishing Service, Inc. (www.epsbooks.com) § The Guide to Grammar and Writing. http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/ § For more resources and information email me at [email protected] 62 Copyright Protected 3/10/14 by Karen Leopold, Fellow/AOGPE 31 http://ethemes.missouri.edu/themes/1827?locale=en Grammar: Diagramming Sentences Use these websites to learn how to diagram sentences. There are practice exercises, tutorials, PowerPoint presentations, and handouts. Sentence Diagramming http://drb.lifestreamcenter.net/Lessons/TS/diagram.htm Learn the steps of diagramming sentences from identifying the verb, to finding the subject, direct object, articles, possessives, adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases. Sentence Diagramming http://www.redshift.com/~bonajo/diagram.htm Learn the reasons for learning grammar, the reasons for teaching diagramming, read success stories, and more about the use of sentence diagramming. BrainPOP: Diagramming Sentences http://www.brainpop.com/english/grammar/diagrammingsentences/preview.weml Click on "English," then "Diagramming Sentences" to watch this animated movie to learn about diagramming sentences. Includes a quiz, and activities. NOTE: The web site is available by subscription only. Welcome to Diagramming Sentence http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/diagrams/diagrams.htm Here is an introduction to sentence diagramming. Enter the site for a menu of sentence types, then click on the type of sentence you would like to learn about, and see examples of how to diagram that type of sentence. Watch this PowerPoint presentation to learn all about diagramming sentences. Tips for Teaching Grammar: Diagramming Sentences http://www.ateg.org/grammar/tips/t16.pdf This four page PDF file is a printable handout that teaches about diagramming sentences. Sentence Diagram Practice Sheets http://www.sfhsnet.org/pdfs/Fairhead/Sentence%20Diagram%20Practice%20Sheets.pdf This two-page PDF includes sentence diagram practice. Sentence Diagrams Practice http://www.german-latin-english.com/diagrams.htm Practice diagramming sentences using these practice sentences. a an article the common we me us you you you you he they him them she they her it verb action being helping verb yellow personal pronoun I it Action: I will __________________ Yesterday I ____________ I have ________________ Being: am are be being orange pron. the ______________ three ______________ (plural) is was were been become seem should - shall would - will could - can might - may - must have - has - had did - do - does light orange Proper yellow noun red P subject Ø Label the verb(s) P [predicate] white Ø First, find the verb S J L # ! the _______ person the ________ object which? how many? what kind of? how much? Sept. 10 adv. adverb verb / adjective/ adverb contraction (label separately) ( prep. preposition ______________ly when? how? where? why? to what extent? ADVERBS here there (where) not never ever always also too very A contraction is a shortened form of 2 words joined together. The apostrophe represents the missing letters from one or both of the words. PREP at by during (for) from of (to) with purple noun / pronoun color white adjective green adj. blue Ø Subject = who/what + P noun ) object of the preposition cc Prepositional phrase: • Starts with preposition and ends with the OP • Phrase acts as a adjective or adverb green OP beige and but or (for) nor (yet) ; coordinating conjunction compounds I + SC + D D + ,SC + I ! interjection provided since so that than though unless when whenever where wherever whether while why Words that indicate: Noise - Bang! Boom! Emotion - Ouch! Gosh! Speed - Zip! Whoosh! (Batman words) < > Ellipsis • part of the sentence or clause that is missing • can be understood subject beige subordinating conjunction after because although before as even as if even if as much as how as soon as if as though until in order that pink sc