Sports

Transcription

Sports

Table of contents
Executive summary .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1
2
3
Background .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
1.1
Sports sector In India ............................................................................................................................................................................ 7
1.1
Skill Gap study ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
1.2
About this document ............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Inventory of sports ................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
2.1
Approach to identify high impact sports ............................................................................................................................................... 10
2.2
Building inventory of sports.................................................................................................................................................................. 11
2.3
Performance in High Impact Sports ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
Information base and analysis.................................................................................................................................................................. 14
3.1
Research methodology ........................................................................................................................................................................ 14
3.2
Stakeholder responses ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15
3.2.1
National Sports Federations ............................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2.2
Government Sports Institutions .......................................................................................................................................... 16
3.2.3
Training Institutions ............................................................................................................................................................ 16
3.2.4
Other stakeholders ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
3.3
Leading practices ................................................................................................................................................................................ 17
4
Skill classification ................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
5
Manpower requirements .......................................................................................................................................................................... 24
6
Supply constraints................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
7
8
6.1
No takers of sport ................................................................................................................................................................................ 34
1.2
Gaps in skill quality ............................................................................................................................................................................. 35
Demand supply gap and resource requirement for bridging ........................................................................................................................ 37
7.1
Demand supply gap............................................................................................................................................................................. 37
7.2
Resource requirement for bridging demand-supply gap ........................................................................................................................ 38
Key recommendations ............................................................................................................................................................................. 40
8.1
Bring about a change in attitude .......................................................................................................................................................... 40
8.2
Include sports in education.................................................................................................................................................................. 41
8.3
Define competencies (skills) in sports .................................................................................................................................................. 42
8.4
Develop elite sports institutions ........................................................................................................................................................... 42
8.5
Key action points for NSDC .................................................................................................................................................................. 43
8.6
Concept for sports sector skill council .................................................................................................................................................. 43
Annexure I: Inventory of sports ................................................................................................................................................................................ 46
Annexure II: Profiling of high impact sports ............................................................................................................................................................. 71
Skill gap study for sports sector - India | Final Report
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Abbreviations
AIU
All India Universities
AMC
Annual Maintenance Cost
CAPEX
Capital Expenditure
CBSE
Central Board of Secondary Examination
LNCPE
Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education
LNUPE
Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education
MoHFW
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
MoHRD
Ministry of Human Resource Development
MoYAS
Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
NIS
National Institution of Sports
NISG
National Institution of Smart Government
NSF
National Sports Federation
NSDC
National Skill Development Corporation
NSTC
National Sports Talent Contest
OPEX
Operating Expenditure
PYKKA
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan
SAG
Special Area Games Scheme
SAI
Sports Authority of India
SGFI
School Games Federation of India
SSC
Sector Skill Council
TRP
Target Rating Point
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List of figures
Figure 1: Performance in 2008 Olympics .................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 2: Imbalance between skill supply and demand .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Figure 3: High Impact Sports Identifications Framework .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 4: Geographical spread of performance and supply ...................................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 5: Research Base – Addressing the sports ecosystem ................................................................................................................................... 14
List of figures
Table 1: Report chapters .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Table 2: Parameters for High Impact sports identification........................................................................................................................................ 11
Table 3: High Impact Sports ................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Table 4: High Impact Sports ................................................................................................................................................................................... 20
Table 5: Purpose of play ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Table 6: Unit for measuring demand ....................................................................................................................................................................... 25
Table 7: Sport need base........................................................................................................................................................................................ 26
Table 8: Demand for activity ................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Table 9: Demand for sports .................................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Table 10: Demand for managed sports ................................................................................................................................................................... 28
Table 11: Coaching span ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 29
Table 12: Framework for demand estimation .......................................................................................................................................................... 30
Table 13: Demand for coaches ............................................................................................................................................................................... 31
Table 14: Demand for sports coaches in 2012 (sport-wise) ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Table 15: Demand for support personnel by 2012 (end) .......................................................................................................................................... 33
Table 16: Training investment estimations .............................................................................................................................................................. 40
Table 17: Conceptual plan – Sports sector skill council ........................................................................................................................................... 45
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Executive summary
Objective
It has been widely evidenced that skill development is one of the critical factors providing push to any particular sector or economy. India is set to
follow pursuit and has set a target of skilling/ upskilling 500 million people by 2022.
For National Skill Development Corporation, established to facilitate the development and upgrading of the skills of the growing Indian workforce, one
of the action points toward achievement of its objectives includes conducting in-depth research to discover skill gaps in the Indian workforce in a
particular sector or geography.
Sports is a unique sector as skill development here will have a larger impact, not only towards employment generation and growth in GDP but also
affecting our society positively.
Given India’s best-ever haul of six medals at London Olympics, there could not have been a more opportune time for undertaking a skill gap study for
the sports sector in India. This study attempts at providing actionable recommendations for bridging the skill gap, resulting in perhaps a fair shot at an
increased medals tally at the 2020 Olympics.
Methodology
In the last 9 months, extensive consultation with key stakeholders has been undertaken with the twin objective of identifying key issues with the
current workforce and discussing the possible interventions. More than 50 focused discussions were held in this duration with decision makers at
MoYAS, SAI, NSFs, AIU, FICCI, MoHRD, NIOS and NCTE.
Secondary sources have also contributed to this research, including learning from experiences of many organizations contributing to development in
sports.
Identifying international leading practices in sports sector skilling/ upskilling and customizing a few to suit our local requirements has significantly
contributed to this exercise. Case studies for sports sector skill council in UK and in Australia have also been drawn.
Skill classification
The skill gap in the sports sector has been analyzed by classifying gaps into qualitative and quantitative aspect. While the former aspect covers
identifying skill issues with the existing workforce, the latter looks at the number of personnel required to meet the demands from this sector.
For elite sportspersons, performance is the measure of their skill and coaching is the most crucial input driving that performance. Through this study
extensive effort has been made to identify skill issues with the current coaching workforce. The key issues relate to coaches not being able to get the
right training starting from early years, no continuing education or exposure to leading practices in coaching worldwide and limited upskilling
opportunities. At State level, it has also been felt that coaches have no set targets for their career progression and are unclear on the journey through
which they need to take their students to success.
Ignoring the importance of other skills that act as inputs to an athlete like physiotherapy, nutrition, medicine, psychology has been found to be
another critical issue. Not only there are very few dedicated courses for formal education in these fields, inputs of these skilled personnel are missing
in an athlete’s training schedule.
Manpower requirement
With regards to the quantitative estimate of demand of workforce (to be compared with the supply in the system), it is understood that coaching skills
is a representative measure of the skill requirement in the sector as it is used across all levels of sport, i.e. elite sports or sports for fitness/ leisure.
Further, in a given day or week, different coaches would coach for a different number of hours. Therefore, the basis for making any such quantitative
assessment is defined as ‘coaching hours’. This would also enable application of different coach:participant ratio across team and individual sports.
For calculating the demand for coaching hours until 2022, a dynamic model has been developed backed by robust assumptions, given limited data
availability. As a basis, the purpose of playing sports has been divided into fitness and excellence. For fitness, it is assumed that with development in
sports sector each individual would be spending some minimum time each day on physical fitness, certain percentage of which should be for playing
a sport. For excellence, five levels, from National to Block have been considered, as the amount of time which goes into getting coached reduces as
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we move down the chain. With this background, the total demand of sports support personnel, including coaches, nutritionists, physios, masseurs is
estimated to be approx. 49billion hours, equivalent to around 0.8 million persons, in 2022.
Supply constraints
Today there is limited emphasis on a child’s nutrition, physical fitness or psychology. At school, inputs on these important areas of development are
missing. Limited help is expected from a Physical Education teacher with no formal training in these fields. Further, the current education system is
such that a child has to choose between sports or academics and that too not in an integrated curriculum regime. This problem continues throughout
the teen years. If sports is chosen as the preferred field and for some reason, the individual is not able to reach elite levels, there are no career options
left. Skill transferability is extremely low even in case of support personnel like coach, trainer or physio.
Gaps in selection procedures and lack of optimum playing or training facilities are two reasons which further widen the skill gap.
These reasons are a hindrance to creation of sports culture in India, which further, restricts the flow of funding, especially from the private sector, in
this field.
Recommendations
The recommendations, as an outcome of this study, attempt to address three broad issues related to skill demand-supply gap in the sports sector in
India: Information asymmetry among the job seekers and employers, lack of institutional supply of skills (matching the quality and quantity
demanded) and undefined (non-standardized) skills in the sports sector.
With these concerns in consideration, following recommendations are being made, which shall require Government as well as private sector
stakeholders to come together.
1.
Bring about a change in attitude – Celebrating success of our stars, creating role models, marketing the concept of sports for fitness will widen
the base of our pyramid increasing the talent pool for elite sports and attract investments from private sector.
2.
Include sports in education – Sports need to be an integral part of complete education and performance of the child should be marked.
Minimum level of fitness should be one of the evaluation criteria for promoting a student to the next level.
3.
Define competencies (skills) in sports – This shall allow focused skilling i.e. physical education or elite sports or non-elite sports education,
skills matching the occupational requirement and enable skill transferability across sports and across sectors.
4.
Establish elite sports institutions - These will provide world-class facilities for sportsperson development and for formal training in skills for
coaches, masseurs, physios, nutritionists, trainers, sports psychologists, etc. To help the identified talent overcome the dilemma of choosing
between academics and sports, he/ she should receive education (including vocational) in such elite sports institutions, with continued
emphasis on a dual career.
Since most of the above activities would require concentrated efforts from experts from multiple areas like talent identification, player development,
infra management, sports marketing, education, health, setup of a sports sector skill council is the need of the hour.
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1 Background
Skills and knowledge are the driving forces of economic growth and social development for any country. As the proportion of working age
group of 15-59 years will be increasing steadily, India has the advantage of ‘demographic dividend’. Harnessing the demographic dividend
through appropriate skill development efforts would provide an opportunity to achieve inclusion and productivity within the country and
also a reduction in the global skill shortages. Large scale skill development is thus an imminent imperative. India has set a target of
skilling/ up-skilling 500 million people by 2022.
The National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) is a first-of-its-kind public private partnership in India set up to facilitate the
development and upgrading of the skills of the growing Indian workforce through focused programs. It also engages in advocacy and
training programmes, in-depth research to discover skill gaps in the Indian workforce, and developing accreditation norms and
occupational standards.
Skill gap study in the sports sector in India is the context for this report. The broad objective is to define various skill sets involved in the
sports sector, estimate demand and supply of these skills, conduct quantitative as well as qualitative analysis on the sports skill gap and
suggest measures to bridge these gaps.
This report is the final deliverable, as part of the engagement awarded to M/s. Ernst & Young Private Limited, represented by Mr. Guru
Malladi, Partner, vide agreement dated 28 November 2011 by NSDC, which involves conducting the ‘Skill Gap Study for the Sports Sector
in India’. The other two deliverables were ‘Inception Report’ and ‘Report on the Secondary and Primary Research’. The scope of work for the
study comprises – profiling of different sports played in India, defining framework for identifying high impact sports, defining the
requirements for manpower across the sport and in the support system, identifying supply constraints, mapping demand and supply gap,
estimating training investment and requirement of trainers, and suggesting suitable, specific and actionable recommendations to address
skill gap. The primary constraint for the study proved to be the limited availability of data and hence, most of the required manpower
estimations were made on the basis of assumptions. It is suggested that the recommendations made in the report should be supported by
an elaborate data collection and analysis exercise, including a public survey.
1.1
Sports sector In India
Sports sector must be nurtured and developed as it impact not only the GDP of a country and generates employment but also the social
and general well being of the citizens. At an individual level non-competitive sports activity can directly help improve fitness levels while
performance at competitive levels fetches pride to the nation. Sports events are also often used diplomatically to maintain or improve
international relations. With this objective, a number of tournaments have been organized between India Pakistan, like the 1997
Friendship cup in cricket.
At the Summer Olympic Games in 2008, the number of medals won by India were .003 per million, which when compared to another
nation that are either more populous - China (.075 medals per million) or less developed – Ethiopia (.088 medals per million), reveal the
scope for improvement or potential for growth in the Indian sports sector 1. Some astounding facts and figures are represented in the
diagram below.
1
‘India…get, set go…; the evolving sports ecosystem in India” by Ernst & Young - Trans Stadia, March 2010
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Figure 1: Performance in 2008 Olympics
Globally, ownership and governance of sports sector is a mix of private, public entities and sports federations functioning together. In India,
the sports sector is largely under the purview of the public sector and various sports federations working closely with the Government.
Although private sector’s contribution in sports has been growing, it is still small and largely unorganized. Public Private Partnership, an
evolved concept in other sectors like transport, is yet to make inroads in the sports sector for our country.
Whether it is the Government taking initiatives for enhancing performance of our elite sportspersons or the private sector making business
investments, the basic requirement is availability of skills, and more importantly right skills. Do we have the right quality and quantity of
skills in the sector which could produce the desired output?
1.1
Skill Gap study
There could not have been a more opportune time for conducting a skill gap study for the sports sector in India when in Olympics 2012 on
one side it was the best-ever haul of six medals and on the other, there is heightened interest in sports other than cricket.
Any economy relies on the supply of adequate workforce for its various sectors to support growth and meet the demand for goods and
services. Adequate workforce would mean number of willing people and at the same time, rightly skilled people. Therefore, workforce
planning for a sector would require determining the skill requirements and in turn addressing the supply issues. Most prevalent skill supply
issues, causing imbalance between supply and demand, have been depicted in the diagram below.
Figure 2: Imbalance between skill supply and demand
This quantitative as well as qualitative imbalance between supply and demand results in vacancies, unemployment and underperformance
for the sector.
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The skill demand component would comprise of two aspects, namely
f Quantitative – required number of skilled individuals for the sector
f Qualitative – exact skills required by various jobs for optimal performance
This primary objective of this study is to identify these skill supply issues, estimate the skill requirement (demand) and recommend
measures to address these issues and bridge the gap between demand and supply.
1.2 About this document
This report comprises the following chapters:
Table 1: Report chapters
S.No.
Chapter name
Brief about the chapter
1.
Introduction
Provides an overview about the scope of this report
2.
Inventory of sports
Sports which are expected to have a high impact on the skill scenario (creating skill
demand) have been identified here
3.
Information base and analysis
Details the research methodology used for capturing stakeholder responses on skill
gap and for identifying leading skill development practices in the sector
4.
Skill classification
Articulates the various types of competencies involved in the sector and classifies
them from the perspective of skilling/ upskilling requirement
5.
Manpower requirement
Details the estimation (quantitative) of manpower requirement for sports skills in the
country for 2012, 2017 and 2022
6.
Supply constraints
Highlights factors which impact supply of sports skills, in terms of quantity as well as
quality issues
7.
Demand-supply gap and resource requirement
for bridging
Assesses demand-supply gap and resources (financial, infrastructure, manpower)
needed to meet the manpower requirement
8.
Key recommendations
Provides key action points to address existing sports skill gaps in the sector
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2 Inventory of sports
Secondary as well as primary research of Government and private sector sources/ stakeholders suggests that the approximate number of
sports played in India is 155. These include sports which are played at national/ international level and also those which are played only at
the rural level. For instance, Atya Patya or Kancha would be played upto the district level only, while these have no countrywide presence. In
other words, many sports are not widely recognized at national level. Although, there might still be a skill gap in these sports as well,
however the magnitude is limited. Such analysis would of course comprise current as well as potential demand. Therefore, it is important
that the sports with High Impact on the skill demand be first considered for addressing the critical issues. Further, certain skill issues in the
low impact sports will automatically get addressed if the skill gaps in high impact spots are bridged. This is due to the fact that there are
some skills are common across many sports.
The methodology used and parameters considered for arriving at the list of High Impact sports has been detailed below.
2.1 Approach to identify high impact sports
This section highlights the approach used to identify the final list of High Impact sports for India. This identification of the High Impact
sports has been undertaken to develop a more focused approach using all available skills and resources for the development of certain
sports, if not all. The evaluation of various parameters for identifying the High Impact Sports has been conducted in three main stages. We
have identified a range of parameters that are important to the context of sports in India. An attempt was made to ensure that all these
parameters impact the sport either in terms of
f
Government emphasis on the sport, eg. mega events hosted by the Government, priority for the sport etc.
f
Skill demand eg. number of courses in elite Government institutions, TRP etc. 234
f
Performance in the sport e.g. medals won, world rankings etc.
f
Outreach & investments e.g. sports associations and key investors etc. 5
The three staged approach used for identification of the High Impact sports has been depicted hereunder:
Figure 3: High Impact Sports Identifications Framework
Parameter Application to Sports (Dat a
Identification of Sports and
Parameters (Deskt op Resear ch)
Sport s Inventory
availabilit y)
155
All sport s on select paramet ers
Paramet er Ident if icat ion
► Priorit y sport
12
► Olympic/ Commonwealth/ Asian Games discipline
► Inter nat ional t our nament s (min. 20 countr ies par t icipating)
► Likely t o win medals
► Indicat ing possible impact on skill (like
Per for mance at Int l level, Exist ing
federation, Inst itut ional supply, Pr ivat e
investment et c.)
f
High Impact Sports
25
Sport s wit h maximum
impact on demand for skills
(as per cur r ent plans & t r ends)
► People preference, and hence at t ract ing invest ments
(TRPs)
In the first stage, an inventory of parameters and sports was developed.
2
http://yas.nic.in/index.html
3
TAM, Edelweiss research
4
http://www.nsnis.org/
5
Individuals sport websites, Ernst & Young Research
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f
The list of these parameters was then checked for their applicability in identifying the High Impact Sports in India. Basis on the
applicability of the parameters for identification of High Impact sports, the most pertinent parameters were picked and applied to all
155 identified sports in the second stage.
f
Finally, at the third stage, the filtered list of 25 High Impact sports (both individual and team) is prepared by comparing the
identified sports against the selected parameters.
2.2 Building inventory of sports
The first step towards short listing High Impact sports was to enlist the sports played in the country. This was accomplished mainly using
secondary research wherein a list of 155 sports, played at national and local level, was compiled.
Further, a total of four broad parameters were identified, which could be possibly applied to these 155 sports for short-listing sports which
have a high impact on skills scenario. Given the limited availability of recent and credible data, it was eventually realized that only 2
parameters could be comprehensively applied across the 155 sports. This was mainly because each parameter had its own pros and cons,
which have been briefly highlighted in the table below (Please refer Annexure I, for detailed information captured for the sports against
each parameter):
Table 2: Parameters for High Impact sports identification
S.No.
Factor
Justification
Representative
Parameter
1.
If India’s performance is
f
Captures key accolades won by India at various reputed tournaments in
Performance at
high, the adoption of the
the sport, such as win at world cup, medals won at international level, eg.
international level
sport will be high
Olympics, Asian, Commonwealth Games
f
Captures the most recent World Rank in the sport for assessing the level
World ranking
of competence
2.
f
Due to large fan
following - competitions,
media and infrastructure
get boost and hence
does the skill demand
Number of instances where India has hosted reputed international level
Number of international
events
level events
For example – Hockey world cup in 1982 and 2010, Davis cup and Sunfeast
open in Tennis, World Badminton championship
f
Availability of high quality infrastructure for the sport such as cycling
International level
velodrome at Indira Gandhi stadium in Delhi or the hockey facility at
infrastructure
Major Dhyanchand stadium for Hockey
f
Investments for sport development depicting its perceived importance
Investment in sports
and interest level
For example – IMG Reliance’s commercial partnership with All India Football
Federation
f
Public interest in the sport in terms of gate (stadium) receipts or
Media Target Rating Point
viewership
(TRP) - CHOSEN
For example – Badminton enjoyed viewership of 55 mn in 2010 (TAM,
Edelweiss research)
PARAMETER
f
Domestic competitions
Identification of major domestic competitions conducted in the
respective sport
For example – Tournaments like Santosh trophy and Subroto Mukherjee Cup
are renowned tournaments in Domestic Football
f
Distribution of awards in various sports at the National level
National Awards
For example – 4 awards namely Arjuna award, Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratana,
Dronacharya Award and Dhyan Chand Award were considered
f
This attempts to show the demand/ supply for the sport
For example – Sports courses offered in institutions like NIS, LNCPE etc. were
Sports courses offered by
reputed sports institutions
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S.No.
Factor
Justification
Representative
Parameter
considered
3.
Government focus
MoYAS priority for various sports (A/B/C) 6
Ministry of Youth Affair and
(investments)
Sports (MoYAS) Priority –
CHOSEN PARAMETER
4.
Existence of a governing
Does the sport under evaluation have an apex body governing the sport in the
Indian associations/
body depicting the
country
federations
importance accorded to
a sport in India and
therefore, the important
from upskilling
perspective
2.3 Performance in High Impact Sports
Applying the two chosen parameters on the list of 155 sports, the following 25 High Impact sports were shortlisted:
Table 3: High Impact Sports
1.
Archery
2.
Athletics
3.
Badminton
4.
Basketball
5.
Billiards & snooker
6.
Boxing
7.
Cricket (Men / Women)
8.
Chess
9.
Cycling
10.
Equestrian sports
11.
Field hockey (Men & Women)
12.
Football
13.
Golf
14.
Judo
15.
Kabbadi
16.
Motorsports
17.
Rowing
18.
Shooting
19.
Swimming
20.
Table Tennis
21.
Taekwando
22.
Tennis
23.
Yachting
24.
Weightlifting
25.
Wrestling (Greco-Roman)
As part of the study mandate, a detailed profiling of the identified High Impact sports was also undertaken. The details of this have been
provided under Annexure III.
Besides identifying the High Impact sports, an analysis of India’s performance in Olympics 2012, Olympics 2008, Commonwealth Games
2010 and Asian Games 2010 performance was undertaken with a view to assess the geographic spread of sport-wise performers in the
country. Presence of training centres of the Sports Authority of India and leading sports academies (private) is compared with the
performance to better understand the demand-supply relationship. The map below depicts the same 7, 8, 9.
Figure 4: Geographical spread of performance and supply
6
National Sports Development Code of India, 2011
7
http://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2012/medals
8
http://sports.ndtv.com/olympics-2012/medals?country=IND
9
http://cwg.ndtv.com/commonwealth/medaltally/cwg/2010/medalstally.html
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Shoot ing (4)
Cycling
Kabbadi
Basket ball
NIS, Pat iala
Shoot ing (6)
Wrest ling (17)
Boxing (10)
Golf
Boxing
Weight lift ing (1)
Archery (1)
Cricket
Chess
Shoot ing (2)
At hlet ics (2)
`
Archery (1)
Boxing (4)
Weight lift ing (2)
Gymnast ics (3)
Table Tennis
Shoot ing (2)
Archery(1)
(1) Squash (1)
Archery
Archery (2)
Archery
Aquat ics (1)
Foot ball
LNCPE, Gwalior
Shoot ing (3)
Cue Sport s (2)
Aquat ics (1)
Shoot ing
Swimming
Badmint on (3)
Shoot ing (6)
Badmint on
At hlet ics (3)
Equest rian
Sport s
Judo
Tennis (2)
Tennis
Rowing
Intl. performance
Leading academies
SAI Training Centres
The study reveals that out of the 31 States/ UTs present in India there are 18 states whose sportspersons have managed to bag one or
more medals. During the study it was found that there are ten states, including Jammu & Kashmir, Gujarat, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha
which are still waiting to register their names in the medal tally. Out of the total population of more than 26 crores 10 residing in these ten
states, the country is still awaiting a medal.
It was also found that there is no strong correlation between presence of SAI training centres 11 and performance. For example, the state of
Rajasthan has only one established training centre but the sportspersons from the state have won four medals. Similarly, states like Bihar,
UP and MP has more than a dozen elite training centres but produced only a couple of medals. This perhaps indicates inherent sports
capabilities or unwavering ambitions of our people, who with minimum support and training are able to perform at the elite level. At the
same time, there is merit in performance based monitoring of the centres which have not produced an international class performer since
long.
To conclude, out of the 155 sports played in the country today, with the given resource (time and manpower) constraints, initial emphasis
needs to be put on the 25 High Impact sports. This focused effort shall include providing for the best of coaching and infrastructure
facilities. On the other hand, many other actions like marketing the concept of sports for fitness will provide a push to all and not only these
High Impact sports.
10
http://www.census2011.co.in/states.php
11
http://www.sportsauthorityofindia.nic.in/index2.asp?slid=211&sublinkid=118&langid=1
Page 13 of 201
3 Information base and analysis
3.1
Research methodology
The desired outcomes cannot be achieved without thoroughly understanding the roles of various stakeholders and the leading practices in
this sector. Therefore, in order to develop a robust understanding of this sector from skills perspective, interactions with multiple national/
international stakeholders has been undertaken.
Our approach heavily relied on:
f
Secondary research (to identify sports played, budgetary allocation, geographical reach, infrastructure availability etc.)
f
Unstructured inputs (Data/ experiences/ feedback from stakeholder interactions)
f
Structured inputs (Assessment through questionnaires - both qualitative and quantitative)
Figure 5: Research Base – Addressing the sports ecosystem
Nat ional Sport s
Federat ions
(Research t hrough Long Term Dev. Plans)
Sport s & Educat ion
minist ries/ depts
Dat a Collect ion
Skill Gap st udies
Domest ic
Privat e
init iat ives
Deskt op
Research
Government
Policies/ plans
St ruct ured
int erviews
Sport s agencies in
UK, Aust ralia
(Research t hrough websit es & manuals)
Primary Research
Unst ruct ured
int eract ions
Focused Group Discussions
Int ernat ional leading pract ices
Training
inst it ut ions
Ret d. professionals,
invest ors in sport s,
int l. expert s
Training
inst it ut ions
Nat ional Sport s
Federat ions
The information gathered from the aforesaid sources was ascertained and analyzed. This section broadly highlights the methodology used
to draw Skill related conclusions and recommendations, for which the details have been provided in this section.
Primary research
In order to conduct a detailed analysis, a survey was administered to capture responses from major stakeholders. Separate and focused
questionnaires, aimed at obtaining stakeholder views were designed and administered for understanding the skill gaps and issues faced in
the sports sector today. Broadly, the stakeholder responses included both qualitative and quantitative responses on:
f
Structure of sports skill development in India
f
Skill demand and supply in the sports sector
f
Level of resources and expertise
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In total, four types of questionnaires were designed for conducting primary research among
f
National Sports Federations
f
Government sports institutions
f
Training institutions
f
Other stakeholders, which include private organizations either investing or planning to invest in sports, sports professionals,
international sports bodies etc.
The questionnaires were administered through face to face meetings, telephonically and over email, depending upon the availability and
convenience of the interviewee. Detailed filled questionnaires have been placed as enclosure to the report. Please refer Annexure IV for
details on the meetings conducted.
The key observations highlighted from the interactions (more than 50) with various stakeholders have been reproduced in the next section.
The data gathered through secondary and primary research has been critically analyzed to translate it into vital information, reach at
conclusions and develop recommendations.
Desktop research
An in-depth study of skills in the sports sector, including assessment of its segmentation, key stakeholders, key trends, government
initiatives and major skill related challenges/ gaps were identified though an exhaustive secondary research. The sources included
websites of MoYAS, SAI, NSFs, Indian corporate in the sports sector, international institutions, news articles and journals, publications of
national and international institutions like Planning Commission, Sports England etc.
As part of this report, modeling to estimate the demand for skilled workforce in sports sector and for financial estimation for achieving the
workforce and up-skilling requirements was undertaken. However, since the primary research did not include a survey or interviewing of
individuals (public) at large and due to the non availability of data in Indian sports sector, most of these estimations were made on the
basis of assumptions. More details form part of Chapter 5 and 7.
It is recommended that this estimation should be supported by a countrywide survey among the current as well as potential employer base,
workforce, children and parents. The survey should cover various geographies, age groups, genders, income groups and sports. The sample
size would depend upon the time and budget available to conduct such this survey. Following are a few indicative questions, for data as
well as opinion gathering, which need to get answered through the survey.
f
What percentage of, and at what age group, kids take-up sports seriously for fitness or for excellence purpose?
f
When is this decision taken (what age or at what level the kids has played)?
f
What factors are considered while taking this decision (career income, facilities to train, popularity, competition, support to reach
international level)?
f
How much time does a person (different age groups) spend on sports for fitness or for excellence purpose?
f
What steps are taken towards providing better coaching to enthusiasts (money spent, external coaching sought)?
f
What skill gaps do we see in the available supply of physical education and of Sport specific coaches?
f
How difficult or easy it is to find such coaches for hiring (source)?
f
How is competence and capability of the coach job applicants tested (qualification, experience, on the spot test)?
f
Usually, what qualifications (and from where) do these coaches posses?
f
What are the career aspirations for such coaches?
f
What remuneration is offered for such coaches and how does it differ (based on qualification, experience or tested skill)?
3.2 Stakeholder responses
3.2.1
National Sports Federations
After hosting the Commonwealth Games, Delhi in 2010, there is access to world class training facilities for not only elite sportsperson but
the common citizen too. Increasingly, Indian federations are keen to work with private partners to setup major leagues for commercial
exploitation and thus provide more avenues to develop the sport.
Page 15 of 201
The key concerns highlighted during interactions include:
f
f
3.2.2
Issues in training
f
Medicines and medical support staff like masseur, doctors for various sports are limited and training facilities for such key
occupations are limited too
f
The federations are not given direct access to the playfields/ stadiums for using for training or competitions
f
Lack of funds for training, which does not allow procurement of quality equipment or upkeep of facilities
f
Need to upskill coaches, physiotherapists, nutritionists etc. and bring in salaried professionals
f
Upscale technical knowhow, especially in the area of doping control, of sportsperson and support personnel through courses/
certifications/ workshops etc.
Sector issues
f
Inadequate job opportunities for sportspersons or support personnel
f
The uptake of sports whether as an extra-curricular activity or as career is extremely low
f
Low media exposure to all sports, which if improved will encourage creation of role models and more people will take-up
sports
f
Most of the federations believe that the country does not have adequate policies and incentives to enthuse people to takeup
sports professionally
f
Some sports do not receive adequate attention from the Government and are languishing as a result, eg. equestrian
Government Sports Institutions
Government sports institutions like MoYAS, LNUPE, LNCPE, NIS that are vital to the progress of sport are constantly looking at partnerships
to improve relationship with countries that have better sports facilities. This enables them to incorporate best practices from better
sporting nations. As part of Government of India’s recent initiative of establishment of National Institute of Sports Science and Medicine,
collaboration with leading institutions in Australia, China, Germany, South Africa, UK is one of the key strategic objectives. Existing training
and education facilities are of good quality but more research could be done to make them world class courses and training. Sports
associations in the country are aiming to increase government spending on sports in order to build and enhance the sports culture in the
country, increase employment opportunities and facilitate the production of more international level sportsperson.
f
There are limited teachers for key sports and also the institutions are not able to hire permanent teachers due to non-availability of
approvals from competent authorities (The process of seeking approvals in time consuming).
f
For students willing to take up sports courses, there are not enough opportunities for them to present their papers and research work
at the domestic and international workshops/seminars thereby limiting exposure for them.
f
There is very limited integration between School Games Federation of India (SGFI), All India Universities (AIU) and NSFs; each run
their own tournaments thereby causing overlap of talent pools and tournaments.
f
Some of the sports courses were discontinued due to:
f
Low demand for the courses
f
Non availability of qualified teachers
f
Not enough finances to meet operating expenses
(For example- Sport journalism course at Lakshmibai National University of Physical Education (LNUPE), Gwalior was
discontinued)
3.2.3
Training Institutions
Several private training institutions for skill development and sports training have come-up and are improving the methods used to teach
young aspirants. These include institutions like Amity School for Physical Education and Sports, Bharati Vidyapeeth University and
Page 16 of 201
Bradford University, UK who undertake constant research studies to understand trends for courses and how to improve their teaching
techniques and methods.
f
f
f
3.2.4
Low uptake
f
No proper time allocation for sports activities - Due to primary focus on academics, sports get neglected
f
No scientific approach towards either talent spotting or for identifying the right sport for the child and his/ her talent
f
Sports not considered as a career - Students do not see sports as a career and are more concerned for their academics.
Sports education is considered as a hobby instead of a career path. Due to this lack of interest among students, even the
coaches do not feel motivated enough
Training issues
f
No set curriculum for trainings - Most of the training institutions do not have specific/ well-define curriculum for training
programs for the sportsperson/ support staff
f
Lack of state-of-the-art facilities for imparting trainings, medicines etc. – Non availability of facilities such as Audio-visuals,
live demonstration, web enabled classrooms declines the interest level among the students towards choosing sports as a
career
f
High Costs – High operational expenses on the sports infrastructure and equipments is also one of the prime concerns for the
institutions and coaches. For example – in case of Shooting, a cost for one small range of equipment costs over INR 40 million
and nobody is ready to take up such expenses for establishing a range in the training institutions
Career issues
f
There is not enough emphasis on career counseling for a promising sportsperson
f
There is low demand for the sports related courses as there are limited prospects for job placements
Other stakeholders
Interaction was held with other stakeholders like large corporate who have invested large sums of money in sports, sports professionals,
amateurs. These respondents accorded high importance to sports for the overall development of an individual. With the recent success in
Commonwealth Games, most of the respondents feel the sports sector as a whole is moving in a positive direction. MoYAS’ initiative
towards establishment of a National Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine is also viewed as an encouraging stride towards sports
development in the country.
The key concerns analyzed during interactions include:
3.3
f
Need for an institution to focus on the upskilling sportsperson and creating jobs for them
f
Require mechanisms for sports skill transferability across other sectors. This may include sports related personnel imparted with
basic trainings in skills like – medicine, management, business, marketing etc.
f
Explore the option of a 2 year ‘Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence’12 in line with UK – This could be replace class XI
and XII for the talented and willing students.
f
Requirement of National Fitness Standards, especially for employability in sectors like Fireman, Defence, Police, Security, Fitness
f
Integration of the sports with public and private sector
Leading practices
Some of the international leading practices highlighted during the study include:
f
12
United Kingdom
http://www.skillsactive.com/england
Page 17 of 201
f A Sector Skills Council has been created in the UK13 for sports and recreation, health and fitness, playwork, outdoors and
caravans. It connects individuals, employers and training providers in the sector to regulate quality of training and
qualifications, run programmes for improving skills of the workforce, act as an information resource for potential workforce and
collaborate with industry to work towards meeting their skill needs.
f UK also runs Advanced Apprenticeship in Sporting Excellence (AASE) which is a unique sporting qualification for talented
youth, aged 16 –18. While it provides training in sports, it also imparts the skills and qualifications they need to go to university
or workplace. AASE combines a flexible education programme with a structured national training and development route
across all sports, while preparing athletes for a career after sport.
f UK has certification mechanism for coaches (i.e. Level I, II, III & IV accepted across sports in UK). Based upon their
certification levels the coaches can train the respective target audience.
f The number of personnel required to play and win medals is calculated on basis of hours. Also the number of hours required for
excellence or fitness purposes in a team sport and individual sport could be different (similar will be the case with touch sports
and otherwise).
f A study, extremely relevant to the current context, on UK coaching workforce, was undertaken in 2009, which used
‘Coaching hour’ concept to estimate demand for coaching in the country. It mentioned that “The ‘coaching hour’ is
preferred to ‘number of coaches’ as the key building block because it is possible for a coach to provide a range of coaching
hours per week.”
f
Australia
f The sector skill council in Australia whose mandate includes sports sector operations is called ServiceSkills. It has a credential
system for off-field skills. Hence, people take full time jobs and along with that continue working as volunteers in sports sector,
enabling them to accumulate credits and finally getting into a paid position in sports sector.
f Australia has also put its sports infrastructure to extremely effect use. The stadia are used for multi-purpose and multiple
sports. A sports, event cum tourism calendar is prepared annually with the objective of ensuring optimum utilization of
infrastructure, minimum overlap in competitions, no fatigue for skilled workforce and maximum viewership. This further helps in
providing adequate match practice to its local talent.
f
UKIERI 14
United Kingdom-India Education and Research Initiative launched an innovative concept in India by the name of PEC (Physical
Education Cards) as a set of colourful cards helping to deliver fun, safe and inclusive physical education sessions. The cards have a
student centred approach and are seen as teaching aid for physical education curriculum at the primary stage (for class I – V). This
has been widely accepted in many of the schools in rural areas, as they have limited access to such knowhow otherwise.
13
http://www.skillsactive.com/
14
http://www.britishcouncil.org.in/sports/pec-cards/index.htm
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4 Skill classification
From a skill perspective, the prime skill in sports is that of the sportsperson. However, there are not one but multiple other skills which feed
into various other occupations in the sector. Skills which are directly involved in skilling of a sportsperson include coaches, journalist,
lawyers, medicine experts, nutritionists, photographer, physiotherapists and masseurs, psychologists, psychotherapists, referees and
umpires, scouts and trainers. Skills which do not directly impact skilling of the sportspersons but are equally important for sector
development include sports journalists, lawyers, match officials, photographer and scouts.
It is important to understand that skill is not the only component which constitutes competency or an occupation. Knowledge and attitude
are two other integral components. This concept is critical to follow as it allows analysis into the transferability of workforce from one
occupation to another across various sports or across sports and other sectors. In the table below, an effort has been made to list the key
knowledge, skill and attitude aspects constituting a competency. Further, the ease with which a competent person in an occupation can
utilize his/ her knowledge, skill or attitude in another occupation is analyzed 15.
15
http://www.skillsactive.com/england
Page 19 of 201
Table 4: High Impact Sports
Occupation
Competency required
Knowledge
Sportsperson
Coach
Key Skill
Ease of transferability
Attitude
Rules/ laws of the
Playing tactic; Accuracy on field; Quick
Mental strength to deal with pressure
particular sport
decision making
and failures
Rules/ laws of the
Ensure sports coaching program are safe
Provide emotional and motivational
particular sport; Latest
and effective; Monitor and evaluate the
support to the trainee
coaching techniques
sports coaching program; Develop
Similar occupation
Other occupation
Similar occupation
Other occupation
across sports
across sports
outside sector
outside sector
Low
Medium
Low
Medium
Low
High
Medium
Medium
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
participant performance through effective
sport coaching; Analyze the needs and
aspirations of participant
Physiotherapist
Physiotherapy,
Evaluate the appropriate massage
Provide awareness among
medicine, sport
methods such as effleurage, petrissage,
sportsperson about possible injuries
specific injuries
compression depending on the sport;
Devise taping and strapping strategy
appropriate for the individual; Use of hot
and cold techniques to prevent injuries;
Use of stimulation techniques such as
muscle stimulation therapy
Nutritionist
Psychologist
Nutrition science, food
Collate statistics of food intake to
Informing sportsperson about the
studies etc.; Abreast
monitor sportsperson’s diet; Creation of
ideal intake of food and liquid
with new nutrition
diet plans with specific targets for either
supplements for conditioning of the
methods, latest
weight gain or weight loss, depending on
body
studies etc.
the sport played
Psychology,
Assessing strengths and weaknesses in
Helping managers and coaches
anthropology etc.;
current mental approaches of individuals
promote an optimal environment for
Stress Management
for optimal performance; Teaching
maximum team enjoyment
mental skill such as completion planning
Personality profiling
Medicine Expert
Medicine, biology etc.;
Educate sportsperson about drugs use
Provide information on possible
Focus on fitness
and abuse; Give appropriate advice and
injuries to sportsperson; Provide
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Occupation
Competency required
Knowledge
methods
Sports Manager
Key Skill
Attitude
guidance to the sportsperson on their
general and appropriate nutritional
health conditions
advice
Strategic management
Develop and review strategy for sport;
Appreciate the socio-cultural
and Finance;
Develop, implement and review operation
characteristics of sport and its effects
Technical,
plans; Manage the development of sports
on participants, spectators, and
interpersonal, and
club; Understand the governance
society
conceptual skills
structure of various sport organizations
required
and their influence on operations and
Similar occupation
Other occupation
Similar occupation
Other occupation
across sports
across sports
outside sector
outside sector
High
High
High
Low
Low
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
High
Low
decision-making; Select teams and
representatives
Sports Officials
National and
Make judgments according to the rules/
Accept criticism and deal calmly and
international
laws and the nature and spirit of the
effectively with high stress situations;
structures and
sport/ activity despite external pressures
Being honest and ethical
protocols, rules of the
and demonstrate impartiality; Maintain
sport and application
effective lines of communication with
event organisers and other key personnel;
Ensure that relevant aspects of the
competition environment comply with
health and safety requirements for the
sport at the elite level
Sports Lawyer
Laws and contracts;
Good and effective communications
Persuasive and assertive in order to
Procedures and
skills; Analytical and Problem solving
convince different stakeholders
policies relating to
skills
sports industry
Sports Photographer
Speed of the sport;
Skill to analyze surroundings quickly and
Operating a
make adjustments to camera settings;
professional camera at
Editing and presenting skills; Quick
higher speeds and
reflexes
Patience; Friendly and networking
greater stability;
Lighting issues to
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Occupation
Competency required
Knowledge
Key Skill
Attitude
Similar occupation
Other occupation
Similar occupation
Other occupation
across sports
across sports
outside sector
outside sector
enhance picture
quality, indooroutdoor
This study does not cover skills involved in the sports good industry, as international leading practices indicate the latter to be covered by other more relevant sector skills council. For example, in UK, skills in sports clothing in
covered by the creative industries’ sector skill council 16, while wider manufacturing is the domain of the sector skill council for science, engineering and manufacturing technologies 17.
16
http://www.creativeskillset.org/
17
http://www.semta.org.uk/
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An indicative case study for a sports coach, perhaps the most important skill involved in making of a successful sportsperson is presented below. The
technical and financial support which should ideally be provided to an individual has been explained first and then the issues existing in the system
today have been highlighted.
COACH’S Lifeplan
Initial education (Age: 5-18 years)
Technical support
Time spent in physical education at school:
Class I-V: 30 mins per day
Class VI-X: 15 mins per day
Class XI-XII: Not required
Time spent in playing sports, including outside school:
Class I-V: 2 hours per day (50% guided)
Class VI-X: 3 hours per day (75% guided)
Class XI-XII: 4 hours per day (100% guided)
At Class V, if sporting talent is identified in the individual, he/ she will be shifted to a sports school. The concept of a sports skill has been
elaborated later in the report.
It is important that equal emphasis is laid on aspects such as nutrition, psychology for the individual
Financial support
Scholarship could be granted to promising talent and sports schools will anyway provided subsidized education
Key issues
Physical education teachers are teaching sports and sports coaches are taking physical education classes
Limited emphasis on key aspects like nutrition, physical fitness etc.
Unstructured process for sporting talent identification
Academic pressure doesn’t allow students to devote requisite time into sports
Graduation/ Post-graduation (Age: 18-25 years)
Technical support
As the individual passes Class XII, he/ she would be assisted in taking a decision on possible career option matching his/ her skills and
hence, suitable education. The individual would have by now already participated in sporting talent hunt competitions and would therefore
understand his/ her competency. Such talent identification would be even simpler in sports schools.
In case career in coaching is thought to be the way ahead, the individual pursues degree in physical education through courses like Bachelor
of Physical Education and Master of Physical Education. These could be 3-5 years courses, depending upon the level of specialization the
individual opts for.
The individual would also have an option to pursue education in non-coaching but other sports related areas, like sports event management,
referee, commentator, match official. There will be institutions which shall provide educational recognized degree in these areas as well.
If the individual decides to opt for even a non-sports related career, he/ she will have the option to join the main stream of academics like
commerce or sciences. The institutions offering these degrees will recognize the education obtained in sports schools, although with some
degree of discounting. Otherwise as well, sports quota admissions with defined battery of tests will continue to happen.
Financial support
The various types of financial support which could be provided to the individual aspiring to be a coach are as follows. Government institutions
like NIS Patiala could offer scholarships to promising coaching talent. Such institutions in collaboration with private clubs could initiate parttime apprenticeships for these individuals, where they assist head coaches or be an assistant match official or a support commentator. In
this manner the individual not only learns on the field but also earns enough income to sustain his/ her education.
Key issues
There is not enough awareness among school pass-outs or parents or even teachers/ counselors in schools about which course is suitable
for what career option. Whatever an individual wants to do in the field of sports, except being a sportsperson, only Physical Education
courses are prescribed.
There is limited supply of specialized courses in support skill areas like nutrition, medicine, massage.
Since in school, individuals who focused on sports primarily might not have been able to excel in academics, they have to apply for
admission in sports quota only. The two key issues here are that tests for sports quota admission are not standard or conducted
transparently and secondly, once even if that individual gets admission in a regular college, there is not enough focus or facility to allow that
individual to pursue a career in sports. The individual ends up having a career in neither sports nor professional world through academic
excellence.
Career (Age: 25-60 years)
Technical support
To launch the individual’s career after graduation in the field of physical education, career counseling and recruitment facilities should be
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provided by the respective institutions. These institutions should collaborate with sports clubs, corporate and coaching academies for
providing a platform for graduates to chose the job of their choice. In the first few years of his/ her career, a person can start as an assistant
coach and gradually progress towards becoming a head coach. Such coaching levels, with the requisite experience and education, have
been clearly defined in many of the other countries like UK.
Many of the countries also have a concept of volunteer coaches. These are the people engaged in non-coaching profession but spend a
couple of hours a week in coaching at community parks or clubs for no monetary returns. Therefore, while the Government provides a suitable
job to the graduate in non-coaching environment, the individual may be persuaded to spend at least some hours of the week in volunteer
coaching.
A coach during his career span would be required to keep his/ her skills updated through continuous education. The Government could
prescribe curriculum and minimum hours of requirement on continuous education for every coach to follow each year. These courses could
be run by the same set of institutions and a standard certification scheme could be run by a central agency.
The coaches may also want to work part-time in the field of talent scouting for which a short duration course would need to be undertaken
through a recognized institution.
Financial support
In case a graduate does not get placed through the institutional platform, the Government would assure the individual of a job, as coach,
physical education teacher or related field like fitness instructor, talent scout, sports facility manager or security force, in a Government
school, department or PSU.
Key issues
There is no single platform which could allow a graduate to understand his/ her career options and take a suitable decision. Most of the
decisions today are based on limited information and hearsay.
The system of mandatory continuous education for coach or for any other sports skill doesn’t exist today. The coaches therefore have to rely
upon age-old curriculum and pedagogy and do not get exposed to latest international leading practices in coaching.
The concept of skill transferability, through which a coach’s competency is recognized in other career fields as well, is yet to be established.
To attract talent to the field of coaching, it is important that Government promotes this concept and identifies that coaches could be suited
for a non-sports coaching job too, like
Post-retirement (Age: 60+ years)
Technical support
The most suitable activity for retired coaches to be engaged in is talent scouting. Short duration courses should be organized for retired
coaches to hone their skills in the area of talent identification.
Further, the retired coaches could be engaged as master trainers by Government and non-Government institutions, like LNUPE. They might
also get involved in research and publication in the various fields of sports sciences.
The Government would also need to spread awareness and counsel these retired experts on the areas they can engage into depending upon
their physical abilities, time availability and area of expertise and interest.
Financial support
The pension schemes which some of the State Governments have initiated need to reach-out to a broader base.
Guidelines should be issued at the national level which make at least the national sports federations and government institutions to engage
retired coaches in suitable activities.
Key issues
Currently, attending to or effectively utilizing the expertise of retired coaches has not been a focus area. These individuals either don’t find an
opportunity to utilize their skills or undertake unorganized coaching activities at the micro level. There have been multiple cases of even star
sports performers struggling to even earn their living after retirement. This is one of the biggest areas of concern and reason for not many
striving for a career in sports.
Having looked at the various skills involved in the sports ecosystem and their categorization to plan upskilling, the next step is to find the exact
manpower requirement, i.e. the demand, and how does that compare to the supply of those skills in the country today. As mentioned previously, the
most important skill which acts as the primary input in the making of sportsperson is the coaching skill. Therefore, with this background the next
chapter goes into quantitative assessment of demand of coaching and other support skills in India.
5 Manpower requirements
The quantitative estimates of manpower (skill) requirement in the sports sector in India for 2012, 2017 and 2022 have been derived in this
section. The different approaches adopted to estimate demand in the future have been detailed.
As explained in the previous chapter, it is important to understand that number of sportspersons (skilled) is the final output for the sports
sector. Therefore, the demand for sportspersons need to be estimated based on which demand for coaches and other skills needs to be
Page 24 of 201
derived. These quantitative estimates would also feed into estimating the demand for sports infrastructure in the country, which is out of
scope for the current study.
The demand estimation model has taken the following variables in consideration.
►
Purpose of playing sports
►
Levels across which demand could vary (Need base)
►
Demand for time for activity (physical activity or non-physical activity like classroom education)
►
Demand for time for playing sports as a proportion of total time for activity
►
Demand for time for managed sports as a proportion of time for playing sports
►
Participant:Coach ratio (coaching span)
Purpose of play
Table 5: Purpose of play
Demand for sports skills
Purpose
Fitness
Excellence
For calculating the demand for sportspersons, the trigger for demand needs to be understood as different triggers would cause different
demand intensities (quantity as well as quality). A sport could be played for excellence or fitness (and leisure) purpose. Playing for
excellence would imply playing sports as a career and targeting performance at the elite level. The demand for getting trained on various
aspects of the game (managed sports) is therefore more in case playing for excellence as compared to that when the sport is played for
fitness. Demand for sports for leisure purpose has been combined with fitness, as playing of sports for only leisure purpose is perhaps a
very small proportion and secondly, investment in sports for people to play only for entertainment purpose should ideally be the last priority
for the authorities.
Unit for measuring demand
Table 6: Unit for measuring demand
Purpose
Input
Fitness
Excellence
Demand for play hours
(per individual per day)
As mentioned previously, the first step would be to estimate the demand for sportspersons, based on which demand for coach or other
workforce could be derived. While the demand for skills in sports can be estimated in terms of upsklling number of sportspersons in the
case of excellence or elite sports, the same is not feasible to estimate demand for vast population that may want to take-up sports albeit
for fitness purpose. Hence, after evaluating leading practices from nations advanced in the sports sector like UK, it is felt that the concept
of ‘coaching hour’ as a unit to estimate demand for sports related skills is extremely relevant. It allows to factor peculiarities of this sector,
such as:
►
Part-time employment or practice of other vocations by not only sportspersons but also coaches and support staff
►
Varied levels of inputs required at different levels of sport and competition
►
On establishing standards, this concept can be easily integrated into policy mandates for setting minimum hours of sports/
coaching according to level of sport and competition
Sports play hours would constitute the total time for which people want to play sports and coaching hour would constitute the total time for
which people want to play sports under supervision (coach). All sports play hours might not require coaching hours. In other words, if an
individual plays 2 hours of sports each day, he/ she may require only 30minutes of coaching (managing). This could vary with the purpose
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of play, level of sport/ competition and the age of the individual. This might further depend upon the quality of coaching, support
infrastructure etc. but these have been kept as constant for the purpose of this estimation.
The managed (coached) play hours could be converted into number of coaches through dividing it by a particular number of hours being put
by coaches in a day or in a year. For example, it may be assumed that on an average a coach would spend 8 hours a day in coaching
(managing) and hence, number of coaches required to produce those total coached play hours for the entire country could be derived.
Sport need base
Table 7: Sport need base
Purpose
Input
Fitness
Excellence
Need base
Age in years: 5-14 (primary), 15-19 (secondary),
National, Zonal, State, District and Taluk
20-24, 25-44, 45-64,
65-79, 80-
Depending upon the purpose, the sports time need of people would be different. At the same time, while the purpose of playing sports
could be fitness, the sports time need could differ across age groups. This is especially true due to different requirement as well as capacity
of the body to undertake any fitness activity at various ages. Most developed and developing nations across the world prescribe minimum
number of minutes/ hours a person at a particular age group should spend on physical activity. This is commonly referred to as ‘National
Fitness Program’. Research has shown that although CBSE has similar guidelines for school children, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports is
also working towards defining such program for India.
In the absence of predefined guidelines and data, for the purpose of estimation the following assumptions have been arrived at after
discussions with various stakeholders. However, it is advised to validate the assumptions as some of them may substantially change as
there is availability of reliable data points at a later date.
Assumption 1 – For the purpose of estimating the demand for sports for fitness across age groups, 5-14, 15-19, 20-24, 25-44, 45-64, 6579 and 80+ age groups have been considered. These age groups have been taken as the first one (5-14) could be equated to Class I-X as
defined by CBSE; 15-19 to Class XI to Graduation; 20-24 with career focus; 25-44 with regular employment; 45-64 with older adult; 65-79
as retired senior citizen and 80+ as old aged. Further benefit of taking these age groups is that the population numbers for these age
groups only are officially declared.
The population numbers for 2001, 2016, 2021 and 2026 under these age groups have been taken from the official Government of India
source and used to project the numbers for 2012, 2017 and 2022.
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Assumption 2 - 96.7% of population is assumed to be able to perform a physical activity. This percentage has been taken from a recent
survey conducted by ‘Pratham’, as the percentage of children enrolled in primary schools in India. This figure has been extended to apply to
other age groups assuming that only the families (parents) who are able to send their child to school are able to involve themselves in some
form of fitness activity. This number may actually be lower as on day but with growing awareness about the importance of physical activity
and assuming an improving scenario with implementation of various initiatives, it should be achievable by 2012-13 (hence, referred to as
‘adjusted vision’). It is also clarified that this figures is based on the fact that even under-privileged and differently-abled could engage in
some form of physical activity, if not sports. This percentage has been increased to 97.5% in 2017 and 99% in 2022, as the awareness as
well as availability of facilities increase.
Assumption 3 – It is assumed that sports play hours for a sportsperson playing for excellence will differ as he/ she plays at national, zonal,
state, district and taluk levels.
For excellence purpose, it is found that the number of hours an individual plays sports for competing increases as the sportsperson moves
up the level of competition. Therefore, a sportsperson being trained at the national camp may be required to be trained throughout the day,
while for a sportsperson at the taluk (block) level the individual as well as the system might have the capacity to train for only a few hours a
day.
The next step is to estimate the number of sportspersons training at the five levels of excellence based on the bench-strength, for which the
following assumption has been made.
Assumption 4 – For London 2012, 742 probables were trained at the National camp for 16 disciplines 18. One of the main reasons for
certain skill quality issues and incapability to recruit probables in 10 other disciplines (total 26 in London 2012) has been assumed to be
highly insufficient bench-strength at lower levels. Therefore, the average bench-strength, for all 26 sports combined, is taken to be 25. For
2017 and 2022, this number has been assumed to be 50 (for any sport, 3-4 age groups, 2 genders and the accepted benchmark of 5-6
times selection rate would require an average bench-strength of 50, i.e. 4 x 2 x 6).
Demand for activity
The demand for time for undertaking physical activity for fitness purpose has been estimated based on the following assumption.
Assumption 5 – For 2012 estimation, it has been assumed that children in the age group of 5-14 years will be engaging themselves into
any form of physical activity for 45 minutes per day and for each subsequent age group 5 minutes per day has been reduced. For 2022, 60
minutes per day has been assumed for 5-14 year age group, 50 minutes for 15-19, 40 minutes for 20-24 and 30 minutes for 25 years and
over. These numbers have been assumed considering the following guidelines from across the world.
f CBSE circular (no.71): Class I-X student should involve in physical activity for 40-45min/ day and XI-XII for 90-120min/ week
f UK Government: 30min for adults and older adults 19
f Department of Health & Human Services, US: 60min for 6-17 and 30min for 18+ 20
f Department of Health & Ageing, Australia: 60min for 5-18 and 30min for older 21
18
http://www.opex.nic.in
19
http://www.bbc.co.uk/health/treatments/healthy_living/fitness/daily_howmuch.shtml
20
http://www.fitness.gov/presidents-challenge/presidential-active-lifestyle-award/
21
http://www.health.gov.au/internet/healthyactive/publishing.nsf/Content/physical-activity
Page 27 of 201
Table 8: Demand for activity
Purpose
Fitness
Input
Excellence
Need base
20-24, 25-44, 45-64,
65-79, 80Demand for activity
Number of minutes of activity required to stay fit
Number of minutes of activity required to
compete
Sport played at excellence or elite level should include not only time for playing but for exercising/ warming-up and briefing (classroom
teaching) as well. Therefore, the base figure needs to be the number of minutes/ hours for which the sportsperson should be involved in the
sporting activity (physical or otherwise).
Assumption 6 – It is assumed that given the limited availability of infrastructure and restricted focus on non-physical activities like
classroom briefing on competing strategy, the national camp would require 12 hours per day of activity for each probable. A sportsperson
playing for excellence at district or lower levels also has to take care of his/ her education (if student) or livelihood (if adult) and therefore,
at the taluk level the activity hours will reduce to only 2 per day. With the increasing focus of Government on providing all kinds of support
to sportspersons playing for excellence, this demand for activity has been assumed to increase in 2017 and 2022. The total time which a
sportsperson would spend in the national camp in 2022 would be 16 hours per day (leaving the 8 hours of resting and relaxation) and the
person at a taluk level camp for 4 hours a day.
Demand for sports
Table 9: Demand for sports
Purpose
Fitness
Input
Excellence
Need base
20-24, 25-44, 45-64,
compete
Demand for sports
Proportion of time on fitness activities
100%
Time spent on activity for fitness may not necessarily go into playing a sport. Non-sports activities could include physical education at
school, jogging or simply exercising. At the same time, sports as a form of physical activity is the most benefitting as it provides not only
physical but mental fitness and has high entertainment value as well.
Assumption 7 - Given the limited availability of sports infrastructure, facilities and low awareness levels in the general public, it is assumed
that only 25% of the time spent in physical activity is spent in playing sports. The rest (75%) goes into physical education or other fitness
activities like running. This number could be equated with a scenario where only 25% of the people play sports for fitness, while the other
75% undertake non-sports activities like exercising for fitness. With increasing awareness and availability of facilities, this demand for
playing sports should increase double-fold (i.e. from 25% to 50%) by 2022.
Demand for managed sports
Table 10: Demand for managed sports
Page 28 of 201
Purpose
Input
Fitness
Excellence
Need base
20-24, 25-44, 45-64,
compete
Demand for sports
100%
Demand for managed
Proportion of time on sports
100%
For fitness purpose, the entire time spent on playing sports need not be managed, coached or guided. Therefore, only a proportion of the
time spent on playing sports has been assumed to generate demand for coaching (coaches).
Assumption 8 – With the dearth of sports coaches and at the same time, low awareness about the importance of some guidance required
for playing the sport such that there is no injury, the demand for managed hours as a percentage of total time of playing sports has been
kept low (25% for a teenager and 10% for older). For 2022, as the sports industry grows, this percentage has been assumed to be 50% for
a teenage and 25% for others. A distinction has been made based on the age group also as once a person is guided on the sport in teenage
years, the requirement for guidance will reduce in adulthood.
In case of sports being played for excellence, 100% of the sportspersons’ time needs to be managed/ guided. This implies that the coach
of the individual has to be involved even when the sportsperson is not playing on the field, like while eating, warming-up, taking massage.
Based on the above assumptions and figures, the estimated demand for managed (coached) hours for sports for fitness purpose, for sports
for excellence purpose and for non-sports for fitness purpose could be calculated. Now, to derive the number of coaches, it is important to
understand that coaching span (participant-coach ratio) differs for individual and team sports, and at the same time, differs for different
levels of excellence.
Coaching span
Table 11: Coaching span
Purpose
Fitness
Excellence
Input
Need base
20-24, 25-44, 45-64,
65-79, 80-
Demand for activity
compete
Demand for sports
100%
Demand for managed
100%
Coaching span
Participant: Coach ratio (Individual vs. team sport)
To apply the participant-coach ratio to the total managed hours at various levels of excellence and for fitness purpose, it is required to
divide these hours into individual and team sports. Participant-coach ratio is nearly double in case of team sports as compared to that in
individual sports. The 26 sports in London 2012 have been classified into individual and team sports, wherein the latter comprise hockey,
basketball, football, handball and volleyball. Although in some of the individual sports also, team representation (more than one
sportsperson) is made, it is restricted to two players in a team and hence, the participant-coach ratio is not much different.
Page 29 of 201
Assumption 9 – The division of total managed hours into the 26 disciplines as in London 2012 has been done based on the respective
investment made by the Government of India in preparing the sportspersons at the national camp 22. For 2017, this division has been done
based on the enrollments in the respective sports at SAI venues under Come and Play scheme of the Government across the country,
reflecting public awareness and preference.
Assumption 10 – It has been examined that in training for excellence, participant-coach ratio varies from 3-10 at international level
depending upon the sport. For 2012 estimates for India, the participant-coach ratio has been assumed to be 4 for individual sports at the
national level, 8 at zonal level, 15, 20 and 25 at state, district and taluk levels respectively. This ratio has been assumed to be 10, 15, 20,
25 and 30 for team sports. It is implied that the ratio increases as we go down the levels as more attention per sportsperson is required at
higher levels. With increasing availability of coaches and more investments into coaching for excellence, this ratio is assumed to improve,
i.e. reduce gradually from 2012 to 2017 to 2022.
With the above assumptions and variables, estimates of demand for managed play hours have been derived. The calculations have been
made in a manner which will indicate the demand for managed play hours for fitness purpose and excellence purpose at all five levels
separately. This will help in creating targeted supply of skills for a particular purpose or level. The below figure provides a complete
snapshot of the assumptions, inputs and variables translating into the final output.
Table 12: Framework for demand estimation
Purpose
Fitness
Input
Excellence
Need base
20-24, 25-44, 45-64,
compete
Demand for sports
100%
Demand for managed
100%
Coaching span
Participant: Coach ratio (Individual vs. team sport)
Output
Demand for managed play hours
(for fitness and for five excellence levels)
Demand for coaches
Demand for other skills
Demand for infrastructure
Demand Projection for 2017-22
The demand for projection for 2017 and 2022 has been made based upon two approaches, viz. Vision and Development.
Vision approach – The central idea behind the estimation of demand for play hours is the vision of the Government from health and
excellence perspective in the future (2017 and 2022 in this case). In other words, with the objective that each citizen stays fit (mentally
as well as physically), Government prescribes, and accordingly make schemes, for everyone to play sports for a particular number of
minutes each day. Similarly, with the vision to perform exceedingly well at the international level, once a sportsperson has been
identified to possess talent and is being trained for excellence, number of hours of activity for the individual is defined. This approach
assumes that a conducive environment is created to enable achievement of the vision for sports in fitness as well as excellence
purposes.
22
http://www.opex.nic.in
Page 30 of 201
Development approach – It is widely observed that growth in most of the sectors has direct correlation with the overall growth of the
country. This approach is based on the assumption that at a minimum, sports sector would grow at the rate with which overall Indian
economy grows. Similar suppositions have been taken in the skill gap study conducted by some other countries. Therefore, for
projection of skill demand in the sector to 2017 and 2022, a compounded annual growth rate of 7% is assumed starting 2012 (World
Bank forecast for Indian real GDP growth being 6.9% for 2013 and 7.1% for 2014).
The above two approaches can actually be considered to be an optimistic and a pessimistic projection of demand for 2017 and 2022.
The vision approach is an optimistic estimate from the perspective of the Government with its various investments and initiatives over
the next decade able to make the citizens achieve the country’s vision. Whereas the development approach is a minimalistic estimate
from the perspective that the sports industry will at least grow at a rate at which the entire economy is growing.
Demand for coaches
With the above inputs, the demand for coaches, physical education teachers and fitness trainers is estimated to be as below. It is
important to note that these are cumulative numbers and does not take the supply or retirements in consideration.
Table 13: Demand for coaches
Sports
Year
Non-sports
Excellence
Fitness
National
Zonal
State
District
Taluk
Physical
Fitness
education
activities
Total
2012-13 (adj. vision)
237
359
1,422
9,883
39,710
82,577
695,107
124,431
953,727
2017 (vision)
536
888
3,841
31,897
129,728
242,124
640,347
403,284
1,452,645
2017 (deve)
332
504
1,995
13,862
55,695
115,819
974,923
174,521
1,337,651
2022 (vision)
867
1,138
5,250
46,222
188,293
567,049
586,496
482,435
1,877,750
2022 (deve)
466
707
2,798
19,442
78,115
162,442
1,367,380
244,775
1,876,124
The figure for estimated number of elite coaches India needs could be further analyzed into demand for head coaches. Assuming that a
head coach spends only half amount of time which an assistant coach spends with a sportsperson and at the same time,
coach:participant ratio is twice in case of a head coach, around 12,903 head coaches would be required in 2012, 29,910 in 2017 and
42.912 in 2022.
The total demand for coaches for 2012 has been divided into demand for coaches for various sports. This division, however, is based on
the number of enrolments by mid of 2012 for each sport under Come and Play scheme of the Government of India. Following table
provides this break-up.
Page 31 of 201
Table 14: Demand for sports coaches in 2012 (sport-wise)
Excellence
Sport
National
Zonal
State
District
Taluk
Fitness
Archery
2
3
10
69
273
605
Athletics
21
31
115
787
3,135
6938
Badminton
13
18
69
472
1,880
4161
Basketball
7
14
75
547
2,269
3616
Boxing
15
22
82
561
2,236
4949
Cricket
14
27
141
1,028
4,265
6796
Cycling
2
3
9
64
255
565
Fencing
1
2
7
48
193
427
Football
16
31
161
1,179
4,893
7797
Gymnastics
15
21
80
547
2,179
4822
Handball
1
3
14
102
421
671
Hockey
5
9
47
345
1,432
2283
Judo
4
7
24
167
666
1475
Kabaddi
1
1
5
33
138
220
Karate
1
2
6
43
170
376
Kayaking/ Canoeing
1
1
2
14
57
127
Lawn Tennis
5
8
28
193
770
1704
Sepaktakraw
1
1
1
9
36
58
17
25
93
638
25,39
5620
Shooting
Softball
1
1
2
16
67
107
41
60
223
1,530
6,094
13489
Table Tennis
6
9
33
224
894
1979
Taekwando
4
6
22
150
597
1322
Volleyball
5
10
54
397
1,647
2625
Weightlifting
2
3
10
66
264
585
Wrestling
5
8
29
198
791
1750
Wushu
2
2
8
57
228
504
Swimming
High-impact sports
Team sports
Demand for other personnel
For estimation of demand for other key personnel required for preparing a sportsperson, benchmarks on number of key support
personnel per sportsperson are normally used. In a recent FICCI publication, ‘Sports as a full time career’, the benchmark for number of
support personnel per sportsperson have been estimated as - every 1,100 sportspersons requiring 15 track & field experts, 25 medicine
experts, 50 trainers, 11 psychologists, 22 nutrition experts and 106 other experts. The list of other experts include strength trainers,
competition managers, bio mechanical engineers, photographers, journalists, management personnel, law experts and event
managers.
The requirement of such support personnel in case of non-excellence (fitness) purpose of playing sport is few, as all sports coaches are
trained in providing basic guidance to sportspersons on other areas (skills) too, like basic nutrition, physiotherapy. Hence, this demand
could be met by support personnel for elite sports in their non-excellence training time (especially at lower levels, i.e. district or taluk) or
by sports coaches themselves through their basic understanding of such skills.
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Assumption 11 – The benchmark for requirement of number of support personnel per sportsperson at national level is reduced linearly
as we go down the levels. In other words, the requirement at zonal level is half of that at the national level, requirement at state level is
one-third of that at the national level and so on.
The following figure gives a snapshot of the benchmark used for the support skills, varying ratio across excellence levels and the final
demand estimate. Accordingly, the number of support personnel required in the sports sector in India is 196,131 in 2012 and this
number shall reach 392,224 by 2017.
Table 15: Demand for support personnel by 2012 (end)
Skill
National
Zonal
State
District
Taluk
1
2
3
4
5
Benchmark
Track and field
15
10
18
103
1,418
11,298
Trainers
50
34
59
345
4,727
37,659
Medicine experts
25
17
30
172
2,364
18,829
Psychologists
11
7
13
76
1,040
8,285
Nutrition experts
22
15
26
152
2,080
16,570
106
72
125
731
10,022
79,836
Other
The second type of support personnel would include match officials, like commentator, referee or scorekeeper, the demand for whom is a
factor of the number of matches played. The estimation has been made through the number of matches per year each sportsperson would
play at different levels, standard match duration and average number of players per match. Again having used enrolment data from Come
and Play scheme, total match hours per year has been divided sport-wise. This was also important from the perspective that most of the
individual sports’ match duration is 1 hour, while it is mostly 2 hours for a team sport. Similarly, players per match could differ from 2-5 in
case of individual sports, while team sports may require 15-25 sportspersons, Given these assumptions, the total demand for each type
of such skills will touch 80,000 in 2022 for all levels of sports and non-elite sports.
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6 Supply constraints
One of the important factors leading to the continuous decline in India's performance in international sports arena is lack of sports
consciousness and culture in the country. A common perception is that sport is at the cost of academics and this hampers the growth of
sports. Further, our national and state policies do not envisage sports as an integral part of human resource development. There is lack of
awareness about the multiple benefits of playing sports and at the same time, there are not adequate job opportunities for sportspersons.
Supply-side constraints refer to factors that limit the ability of a country to perform well in any sector. These constraints in the sports sector
in India have been analyzed with two aspects. One, why aren’t people taking up sports? This will largely cover issues related to societal
concerns, nature and perception of sports and sportspersons. The other, if people take up sports why is there limited quality output? This
will cover aspects that are related to the external environment that govern sport as well those that influence the sport itself.
This section aims to discuss the reasons why sports culture does not exist in the country and how conducive area external factors to the
growth and success of sports.
6.1 No takers of sport
f
Limited career opportunities
The nature of sport competition is such that there are a large number of people who play a sport but very few who reach the highest
level of sport. Therefore, the majority remains mediocre and there are not enough career opportunities for them within the sports
sector or outside. The competency, comprising knowledge, skill and attitude, of the workforce in a particular sport is still not
recognized to be usable for other sports or outside the sports sector. This causes parents to disallow their children to take up sports
as a career.
f
Poor perception
Indian society doesn’t perceive sports as an aspirational profession in comparison to those drawn from education, such as doctors,
engineers or MBA graduates. Since in the sports sector for majority of the cases there is no certainty of meeting economic ends, even
if a sportsperson earns as much, societal perception remains. Education is always given preference in our country, and often sport
loses out at early stage when children make a choice.
f
Injuries
Injuries have known to end careers in sports at a very early stage. Since most sportspersons had to neglect their education, an
occurrence of a serious injury hampers the athlete’s career and future. In absence of expert guidance to play safe, safety gear and
good recuperating procedures, sports like boxing, wrestling are seldom opted for by parents for their children.
f
Low number of mature sports
In our country, especially at the grassroots, there is extremely low awareness about existence of sports other than a few like cricket,
football, hockey, volleyball. There are no playing facilities either for those uncommon sports. Therefore, the choice is limited and
inherent skills of a child in such sports would go unidentified or undeveloped.
f
Lack of training facilities
Most schools lack basic facilities and infrastructure where sports can be played or sports education can be parted. As per the latest
All India Educational Survey conducted by the National Council for Educational Research and Training more than 50 per cent of one
million plus schools in the country lack playground facility. Further, most schools do not have basic equipment and therefore cannot
even orient students to different sports. To address the issue of lack of playing facilities at least outside schools, the Government has
recently established National Playing Fields Association of India with the objective of protecting and preserving existing play fields
and promoting new ones, apart from developing standards and norms process, for making available playing fields and open spaces.
f
Inadequate emphasis on fitness
Fitness in schools, or even in corporate culture, has been increasingly neglected. To make things worse, healthy eating is not a part
of a regular Indian family household. In a recent study (Sports skills and fitness survey), it was observed that 43% of children, aged 7
and above, had more than ideal Body Mass Index. Only recently, CBSE released circular for schools to ensure that each child spends
Page 34 of 201
at least a fixed amount time of time in physical education. However, these guidelines are seldom adhered to due to many reasons.
There is lack of infrastructure for imparting physical education. It has been observed that even the premier educational institutions in
metropolitans like Delhi do not have minimum size playgrounds. Physical education teachers either do not have recognized degrees
or received formal education decades back. The combination of these aspects leads to low levels of fitness in children and a lack of
orientation to sports. Certain recent initiatives though, like ‘marks for sports’ have started addressing this issue and shown positive
results already.
1.2
Gaps in skill quality
f
Course content
All levels of formal education offering academic courses have a predefined course plan. The course plan covers the material to be
taught, the number of hours it will be taught in and the pedagogy to be adopted. This gives clarity to the teacher (trainer) as well as
students, as the expectations are set right and the individual prepares himself/ herself accordingly. Unfortunately, in sports, these
details are not always well defined. This is certainly true for most cases where sports is not played at elite level. This is rather an
unorganized approach and often leads to unplanned development of an athlete.
Another concern is the lack of infusion of modern and leading practices to the training. At premier sporting institutions in the
country, courses, content, pedagogy etc. have not been changed since decades. With introduction of ICT in the sector and advanced
research & development capabilities, frequent updation is an imminent need, such that our athletes and the support staff can learn
modern techniques and syllabus.
Overall, the competencies required for a productive workforce in the sports sector do not translate into the existing educational
framework.
f
Equipment
Quality equipment is a decisive factor in sports, particularly in elite sports that differentiates between a victory and defeat. It has
been observed that while inferior equipment can bring down performance levels, best of equipment is a catalyst to enhanced
performance. At amateur levels, there is a lack of access to good equipment or playing fields. Even while institutions or training
centers have equipments, their maintenance is poor and most often they are old and outdated. For certain sports, athletes prefer to
use equipment that is not made in the country. This itself is a concern as the mass who wishes to play the game and reach excellence
levels cannot afford and therefore does not have access to good quality equipment.
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f
Coaches and support staff
f
Lack of quality coaches at school and coaching centre levels
Research has shown that leaving aside at a select number of institutions, academies and schools, there aren’t enough
professional qualified coaches. The situation gets compounded by the fact that most coaches outside these elite institutions
are not qualified and formally trained. This prevents players from moving to the next level as the coaches are not able to satisfy
the players training needs in order to become a professional sportsperson.
f
f
Other than coaching, there is little focus on aspects which support player development in an integral manner. A few examples
of such neglect are given below:
f
Guidance counselors: The concept of counselors (psychotherapists) is looked down upon in our country. Many
believe that counseling reflects badly on the recipient. There is a dire need to counsel sportspersons at a young age in
order to make them mentally tough to perform in extreme pressure conditions and deal with failures. One of the primary
reasons for dip in the performance of sportspersons is their inability to cope with levels of stress.
f
Sports doctors: It has been observed that there are many talented sportspersons who had to drop out due to injuries
and incorrect recoveries. Medicine and physiotherapy are the aspects which perhaps get least priority in the training
schedule of a sportsperson.
f
Nutritionists: Even in the best of training centers, the coaches provide information and training on aspects of the
game. These coaches either do not know or don’t share information on the importance of nutrition with an athlete.
Commonly, the sportspersons would eat ‘home food’ without the knowledge of what he/ she should and should not
consume. The nutritional aspect of sports is often left out. Information on nutrition is available to some extent to the
‘elite class of sportspersons. Even then the allowances made for nutrition in sports are very low. Rs. 25 for training,
Rs.35 for those from the NSTC and the army, Rs.40 for sports hostel schemes, Rs.80 for National campers and Rs.90 is
the allowance given for power disciplines23. Unfortunately, there is a lack of knowledge on nutrition through the levels
of sports. Promising sportsperson lose out on the potential to grow as they do not know the benefits of good nutritional
diets and in some cases do not have access to it.
Limited quality infrastructure
There is a dearth of quality infrastructure in the country. From early years, the budding sportspersons seldom get to play on fields
meeting even the basic guidelines. The international class stadia, developed recently in certain cities which have hosted international
or national events, are too few in number for our large population and moreover, have limited accessibility.
f
Gaps in talent identification/ selection mechanisms
Talent identification and scouting is a very important aspect of sports. In countries where sport is more mature unearthing of
potential talent is an important practice, and it leads to cost saving. The investment into a high potential athlete is usually lesser.
Unfortunately in India, scouting has not evolved. Neither there is enough emphasis on identifying talent early in age and from the
untapped grassroots nor talent or criteria for identifying talent is defined. There are certain States like Haryana and Kerala who have
begun with talent identification schemes at grassroots but since the talent from States converge at National level, there has to be a
standardized criteria for defining ‘talent’. This perhaps is the reason why there is large scope for subjectivity and human discretion in
the selection process. This ultimately results into people either disbelieving the system and not opting for sports as a career or real
talent not reaching the excellence levels.
23
Impact of National Coaching Scheme, Planning Commission
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7 Demand supply gap and resource
requirement for bridging
7.1
Demand supply gap
Given the large manpower requirement in the sports sector in India in the next decade (as estimated in chapter 5), there is clearly a gap in
the demand-supply that needs to be addressed. While the demand for sportspersons, coaches and all other skills run into millions, if the
total capacity of institutions accredited or run by the Government is aggregated the number would reach a few hundred only.
In the estimation of supply of skills, whether sportspersons or coaching, it was discovered that due to majority of the sports academies or
institutions running in the country without any accreditation, it was nearly impossible to aggregate the supply number. Although an effort
was made to identify the top academies in each of the identified High Impact sports, the quantitative estimate of their capacity could not
be found. Similarly, for the institutions providing degrees in physical education or in support personnel courses, the secondary as well as
primary research could not extract the exact student intake. The only estimate in regard to supply of skills in the sector could be taken from
intake of students for bachelor or master in physical education courses as approved by the state governments 24. While the annual demand
for physical education teachers is 97,694 (total cumulative demand of 976,938 spread over 2013-22) as estimated in this report, the
approved intake is only 41,055 per annum. Similarly, while the annual demand for elite and non-elite sports coaches is 39,697, it is
estimated that the supply through accredited institutions would not exceed 5,000.
In terms of qualitatively gaps in demand and supply of skills, the biggest issue is that physical education teachers are coaching sports and
vice-versa. Similarly, coaches are guiding not only non-elite but elite sportspersons also in areas like nutrition, physiotherapy, medicine.
Even worse is when a sports masseur trained for providing massage to a tennis player is the official masseur for an elite swimmer too.
The primary reason for these issues is a neglected sports skill scenario. People are unaware that each of these fields is a specialized field
and therefore, the education to neither the trainers nor the students (sportspersons) is aligned to this affect. In fact, it was recently reported
that the Indian contingent for Olympics 2012 has taken along only a few masseurs, clearly insufficient for the entire group.
From the above, it is clear that there is a large gap, quantitative as well as qualitative, between demand and supply of skills in the sports
sector in India. Therefore, a concentrated effort would be required to first analyze the reasons in detail and then undertake activities to
bridge these gaps. While addressing the qualitative gaps would require major policy decisions (covered in chapter 8), the next section
analyzes the possibility of bridging the quantitative gaps through substantial enhancement in the capacity of training coaches and other
support personnel. The requirement of various resources, like infrastructure, manpower, finances, needed to train the trainers over 201222 has been estimated.
24
Demand and Supply of Teachers: NCTE publication
Page 37 of 201
7.2
Resource requirement for bridging demand-supply gap
Based on the estimation of demand for coaches and support personnel, the investments required to be made to achieve these numbers
has been calculated. The costing has been done for year starting 2013 and ending 2022, with inflation assumed to be 7%. The total
cumulative demand by 2022 has been spread-out starting 2013, to ensure optimum utilization of capacity in the long term as well.
Therefore, it is possible that the cumulative demand in 2017 might not be served (supplied for) completely but by 2022, supply equals the
demand.
The resource requirement estimation needs to be undertaken for only the balance demand, i.e. total demand – available skills – available
supply. Therefore, in case of physical education, while the approved intake as per the report quoted above is 41,055 per annum, it is
assumed that 50% of the total demand is already getting met today. This ignored the quality of the available skills, as that could be
addressed through short trainings. Therefore, the net demand-supply gap is 7,792 per annum, i.e. 97,694 - 41,055 – 48,847 (50% of
97,694). Similarly, in case of non-sports trainers, non-elite sports coaches and elite sports coaches it is assumed that 25% of total
demand is already getting met today. This number for support personnel is taken as 10%, as the research has shown unawareness as well
as low institutional supply today in the country.
For costing purposes, many benchmarks for training for physical education teaching courses and non-sports fitness coaching courses are
assumed to be the same. Same might be the case for support personnel trainings. Therefore, all assumptions and calculations fall in three
or four categories, viz. physical education teacher and non-sports (fitness) trainer, non-elite (fitness) sports coach, elite sports coach and
support personnel trainings.
Course duration
In regard to the training courses for physical education teacher, non-sports trainer and support personnel training, the course duration is
assumed to be 3 years. For non-elite sports coaching courses, this duration will be 2 years and for elite sports coach training, 1 year.
Therefore, a high school graduate from any stream would normally take 6 (3+2+1) years to become eligible to be an elite sports coach.
However, to coach at a particular level (say national camp), certain other qualifications like minimum number of years of experience might
be prescribed.
Student-Teacher ratio
This ratio has been assumed to be 50 for physical education teacher and non-sports trainer trainings, 40 for support personnel trainings,
35 for non-elite sports coach trainings and 25 for elite sports coach trainings. The number is high for PE, non-sports and support personnel
trainings because these courses are more classroom-based and less per student attention is required.
Costing
Following are the different heads under which the costs have been estimated.
Capital expenditure (CAPEX)
The primary capital cost in education industry is on setting up of the institution, i.e the land and building cost. In the case of physical
education teacher, non-sports coach and non-elite (fitness) coach trainings, it is assumed that existing government institutions across the
country, like schools and colleges, are used. The classrooms are used as it is outside institutions’ operating timings, while only minimal
one-time expenditure is incurred on the upgradation of playgrounds (assumed to be Rs.10 per sq.ft. for physical education teacher and
non-sports trainer trainings, and Rs.20 per sq.ft. for non-elite sports coach training). The operating expenditure, however, includes basic
rentals in lieu of usage power, water etc. in these institutions.
Existing facilities, including playground, classrooms, hostels, of Sports Authority of India and States’ sports departments should be used
for training of elite sports coaches, and therefore no capital costs are incurred in this regard.
It is assumed that playground space of around 250 sq.ft. per student would be required in case of physical education teacher and nonsports trainer trainings, and 500 sq.ft. per student in case of non-elite sports coach training.
Page 38 of 201
The total capital cost for training a total of 9,70,723 students over years of 2013-22 comes out to be INR 400 million. This is based on the
assumption that 50% of the total course duration is spent on the playground and the rest 50% in classroom.
Operating expenditure (OPEX)
As mentioned above, the existing government educational institutions are to be used to conduct the trainings for physical education
teachers, non-sports trainers and non-elite sports coaches. However, nominal rentals of Rs.100 per sq.ft. per annum have been assumed
to cover costs of utilities like power, water. It is further assumed that around 100 sq.ft. of space per student would be required for
conducting sessions in the classrooms.
The largest operating cost component is manpower (teaching) costs. Such trainings are usually conducted by 1 head coach (teacher) and 1
assistant coach. The total manpower costs per annum have been assumed to be the following:
1 Head Teacher and 1 Assistant Teacher costs (INR per annum)
f
For physical education coach, non-sports trainer and support personnel training – INR 2 million
f
For non-elite sports coach training – INR 2.5 million
f
For elite sports coach training – INR 3 million
These costs shall depend primarily upon the demand-supply of these trainers in the country.
The other operating costs would comprise training equipment costs. Since existing facilities are being used, these costs will be incurred for
student-specific equipment. It is assumed that equipment for physical education teacher and non-sports trainer training would cost around
Rs.1,000 per student for the entire duration of the course.
For common equipments, certain Annual Maintenance Costs (AMC) have been considered separately. It is assumed that AMC, operation
and repairs costs would be around 10% per annum of the total capital expenditure.
With the above assumptions and inputs, the total operating expenditure is estimated to be around INR 6 billion starting 2013 and reaching
around INR 29 billion by 2022.
Page 39 of 201
Following table provides a snapshot of the costing model explained above.
Table 16: Training investment estimations
Coach
annual
figures
Output – Average
Key
assumptions
Non-sport
Course duration (Years)
Other personnel
Sport
PE & non-sports
Non-elite
Elite
Combined
3
2
1
3
Student:Teacher ratio
50
35
25
40
1 Head and 1 Assistant
cost (INR per year)
2million
2.5million
3million
2million
Trainer requirement
134,054
36,475
17,165
44,482
2,104
1,563
515
3,003
5,380
5,200
2,130
7,680
Master trainer
requirement
Manpower cost (INR in
million)
Creating supply of master trainers
To skill (or upskill) the above mentioned number of workforce, more than 5,000 master trainers (teachers to teach coaching skills) would
be required over a period of next couple of years. This requirement would be in addition to the current supply of master trainers in the
country.
To meet this demand in a short period, a multi-pronged strategy would need to be adopted. Firstly, collaboration may be sought with
countries advanced in sporting performance, like UK, Australia. Their national sports federations or even private clubs could be
approached and a mutually benefitting understanding could be drawn. Their experts visit India to understand the exact quantitative as well
as qualitative requirement, in addition to a suitable curriculum and pedagogy. A team of experts from India along with them develop the
training modules and subsequently, around a dozen master trainers from their country visit India on a short trip to train master trainers in
India. The Indian master trainers to be trained could be picked up by an expert group formed by the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports.
These Indian master trainers are already experienced coaches in their sport, such that they do not need to undergo a complete and long
duration course to become a master trainer. It is thus estimated that 10-12 master trainers in each of 25-26 sports from a foreign country
will easily create more than 3,000 Indian master trainers, assuming a student-teacher ratio of 5:1.
Simultaneously, an initiative to identify the successful master trainers today in India could be undertaken by the Ministry. This should
include the ones currently in the coaching business and otherwise. Profiles for the former should be advanced to take care of making
master trainers rather than coaching sportspersons. The latter group should be incentivized to contribute towards master training at least
as a part-time contribution if not dedicatedly. With this exercise, at least a couple of thousand master trainers could be deployed.
Thirdly, the current master trainers at SAI institutions could be sent for a short-duration refresher course at the best of institutions outside
India. The objective is to help these master trainers not only update but upgrade their teaching skills and knowledge. They will be exposed
to the best of curriculum, pedagogy and sports infrastructure engaged in producing the best of coaches. These Indian master trainers then
come back and work towards in-turn training other master trainers and coaches to become master trainers.
It is important to note that to ramp up the capacity of master trainers, some expert coaches might have to be taken-out of their current
coaching jobs. This would automatically reduce the supply of coaches but only in the short term. However, all this effort will create required
supply of coaches in the long run.
8 Key recommendations
The recommendations highlighted in this section have been aimed to address the skill demand-supply gap in the sports sector in India
today.
8.1 Bring about a change in attitude
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We all know about the benefits of playing sports, or acquiring sporting skills, but there is still extremely low rate of adoption for sporting
activity in our daily schedules. Some of the initiatives taken by the Government, including PYKKA, Come and Play, are directed towards
providing a platform to play sports for the interested. This needs to be complemented by changing the mindset of the rest, the majority.
Widespread adoption of sporting activities will not only result in a fit and healthy population but also widen the base of our pyramid
increasing the talent pool for elite sports and attract investments from private sector.
Some of the initiatives for bringing about this change may include:
1.
Advocacy – Information about the benefits of sports requires not only dissemination but targeted marketing too. Department of
Ayurveda, Yoga & naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India has
been constantly advising on the benefits of yoga for all age groups. Repeated advertisements in electronic media could be seen
which specifically target the daily issues which an individual faces today and how yoga can address the same. It is important to
attract people into playing sports by marketing the benefits of playing sports, developing skills like teaming, leadership and
developing social networks. Sports celebrities should act as brand ambassadors and be seen as role models.
2.
Run online games/ tests and reward or certify levels to attract younger generation. These tests could cover aspects like soft skills,
i.e. attitude, team work, confidence, skills of the sport i.e. playing skills, competitive participation levels and knowledge of the sport
i.e. general awareness, rules, who’s who
3.
Corporate and social inclusion – Fitness scores should be included in yearend appraisals in the corporate world. Mini sports
parlours like videogame parlours in offices and malls, more frequent corporate sports tournaments would help in creating a pull for
masses to stay fit and play.
It is important that the implementation of the above initiatives is meticulously planned. Guidelines about where and what to play for each
age group and gender would need to be established. These guidelines should allow examining appropriateness of playing field, adherence
to safety considerations and matching a sport with individual’s strengths and capabilities. It must also emphasize on daily duration for
which the activity should be undertaken and how much of this play time should be supervised by a certified coach.
The workforce skills, like coaching, nutrition, fitness training, would need to be developed and certified. The certifications would need to be
controlled by a central authority and done on the basis of an individual’s education levels, experience and sports achievements. This will
further require defining skills required for each of the areas.
Infrastructure is another key component which would need to be provided for with this attitudinal shift. Corporate events at sports facilities
and allowing usage of sports facilities at night should be promoted. The Government currently has a scheme under which corporate could
hire any sports facility on rental basis for the duration of the event. However, the service should be available on the click of a button. People
should be able to view the facilities existing in the areas, their availability, charges and reserve the same, including payment, over a webportal itself. Further, the Government could provide this as a service, and not just space, in terms of providing security and other manpower
assistance during the corporate event. To ensure financial feasibility of opening facilities at night, all new developments are done in a
modular mode. Thereby, all utilities including electricity are used only for the area under usage and not for the whole facility.
Additionally, a system for registration, rating and publishing information about all sports facilities should be established. An initiative in
this direction has been already taken by the Government through development of a web-portal for Delhi’s sports facilities
(http://gisserver1.nic.in/delhisports/). However, this needs to be enhanced with information like rating of existing sports facilities,
inclusion of private facilities in the region, information on coaches available at these venues, transportation facilities like nearest bus or
metro station, membership fees, timings and details of available sports facilities.
A sports (event) calendar for using the existing infrastructure through the year in various sports by various teams should be drawn. This will
allow organized and increased participation from budding as well as existing sportspersons, and also give opportunity to boost sports
tourism. The idea is to allow self-sustainable events only, which mandatorily provide for at least 75% representation from local
sportspersons, teams and match officials.
8.2 Include sports in education
It has been unfortunate that over all these years, educational excellence has meant academic achievement only. There is little focus on
fitness or sports. As per a recent study (N-DOC), 32% of school going children in Delhi and 30% in Mumbai are overweight and it is a rising
trend. The primary reason is minimal outdoor activities.
Education has two components, i.e. academics and sports. Sports should form a part of the curriculum and performance of the child
should be marked.
Page 41 of 201
To start the implementation of this concept, the subject may be considered as an extra-curricular activity but eventually, a child should be
promoted only if he/ she achieves minimum marks in sports. Depending on the level accomplished by a student, certain benefits to
encourage him/ her to compete at the elite level or choose sports as a full time career may be given. For example,
f
Level I – Scoring between 50% to 70% marks gets a certificate of appreciation
f
Level II – Scoring between 70% to 80% marks gets 50% scholarship in school fees
f
Level III – Scoring between 80% to 90% marks gets 100% scholarship on school fees
f
Level IV – Scoring above 90% marks additionally gets selected in an elite sports institution.
It may be made mandatory for all schools to organize annual sports fairs, which may have stalls from equipment vendors, coaching
academies, sports related health/ fitness products and other sports accessories.
This shall require designing sports curriculum for inclusion in main stream education, with adequate emphasis on the pedagogy and
testing measures for sports skills.
8.3 Define competencies (skills) in sports
Today, most of the academic institutions across the country do not differentiate between physical education and sports. The physical
education teacher conducts the physical education classes, which include physical training as well as playing sports with minimal
supervision. Similarly, even at elite sports level, there is unclear distinction between a sports coach and a nutritionist or physiotherapists or
sports doctor. Sports coaches are performing dual tasks of coaching as well as psychotherapy for the sportspersons. What constitutes
sporting talent is another question which has different answers for different institutions and geographies. Therefore, the basic requirement
is to define skills in the sports sector.
The primary task in the process is to define the outcomes expected or the various occupations the sector needs to achieve the outcomes. In
other words, the ultimate outcome may be sportspersons, elite or non-elite (fitness), but there are multiple occupations which feed into
developing a sportsperson, directly or indirectly. The occupations would then need to be translated into competencies (knowledge, skill
and attitude), which in turn define educational requirements, especially curriculum, duration and pedagogy. Most of the developed nations
like UK have established national occupational standards in the sports sector and these clearly translate into their education policy. These
standards, approved by UK government regulators, specify performance benchmarks and the knowledge and skill required to achieve the
same.
Once the requisite skills for each occupation are defined, the skill identification and certification process could also be streamlined. For
identifying talented sportspersons, a battery of tests, taking age, gender and specific sport into consideration, should be designed and
adopted by all institutions engaged in the process. Similarly, certification and continuous education of supports skills like coaching will be
enabled once the standard set of skills is defined and promulgated.
Another issue in the sector relates to no defined career path for sportspersons who are unable to reach the elite level or for elite
sportspersons after their elite career fades. Defining skills will help in assessing the possible avenues for skill transferability based upon
experience and qualifications. An example for this could be an elite badminton player can also acquire employable competencies to
become a badminton coach, commentator or administrator. Though, he may be required to attain certain additional certifications. The
concept has been widely adopted in other countries. There is a lot of focus on ‘dual career’ of sportspersons, such that if they are unable to
reach elite levels, their skills are usable in other professions.
Recognizing the importance of the dual career concept, the European Olympic Committee European Union Office has issued guidelines for
‘Promoting Dual Career in the EU’. The 47 page document, released in March 2011, tries to address the following two questions - “How can
athletes better reconcile top-level sporting achievement with education and a career to strengthen their transition from sport into the
labour market into a job where athletes can leverage their strengths to further contribute to society” and “What can be done to support this
objective by the national authorities, the sport organisations, business and the athletes themselves?”.
8.4 Develop elite sports institutions
In the current scenario, if a student wants to pursue sports as a career, there is not enough time left after the rigorous academic routine
which he/ she is mandatorily required to go through. Only if one graduates with certain degree of academic results, he/ she stands a
chance of landing with a job. Furthermore, even when a talent sportsperson aspires to reach elite levels, there are not enough quality elite
Page 42 of 201
sports institutions to help in the endeavor. Therefore, most of the students end-up choosing academics as a career and the budding
sportspersons also have to fall back upon the non-sporting career options.
The solution is establishing world-class elite sports institutions, where the focus is producing elite sportsperson. These institutions should
be of two types, viz. elite sports schools and elite sports academies. Elite sports schools offer complete education till teenage, with the
best of sports education and at the same time, not allowing academics to suffer. This not only ensures that a conducive environment is
offered for sporting talent to nurture but as a contingency, enough academic/ vocational skills are imparted for the individual to get a job
outside the sports sector. Soccer schools in UK is a successful example in case.
Elite sports academies are institutions which focus only on elite sportsperson development. Such institutions must provide training and
coaching support from the best Indian and International instructors. Special guest lectures and workshops should be provided by
renowned sportspersons. Trainees must be provided with high quality equipment as well as best of infrastructure. Equal emphasis should
be laid on support areas like psychology, nutrition, physiotherapy, medicine for overall development of an elite sportsperson. Providing
education in these support areas (training the trainers) should be another focus are for the institution. These institutions should also
undertake research and development activities in sports sciences and institutionalize a process for continuous improvements in the
curriculum and pedagogy. Counseling students and parents on skills being imparted and possible career opportunities should also feature
in the charter of the institution.
National Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine is only one such effort and a clear roadmap for developing many such institutions
across the country needs to be designed.
Private participation in operation and maintenance of such institutions, and opening them up for use by general public should also be
explored. This will not only increase the utilization of the facilities and provide the best of services to users but also keep the facility well
maintained on a self-sustainable basis. Implementation of this concept would require to fix a minimum utilization percentage for each
sports facility; restrict use of the facility for wedding processions, loud music, cooking etc.; provide a specified area for dedicated sports
facility; fix minimum time for which multipurpose facility will be used for sports and restrict charging exorbitant entry fee for access to
economically weaker section. Promoting this form of public-private participation may require providing technical assistance (public-private
contractual templates) to sports authorities and making this a pre-condition for any sort of funding.
To effectively plan and monitor the implementation of the above recommendations, it is extremely important to establish an information
repository for the sports sector. The biggest issue any such study or research faces is the lack of data. There is little information on our elite
sportspersons, sports skill development institutions or the inventory of infrastructure. It is utmost difficult for a budding sportsperson to
know of, and understand, the schemes/ incentives which the Government has provided for his/ her development. There is information
asymmetry between the employers of skills and the skilled workforce. Therefore, a sports Information system needs to be established and
provide information on sports occupations, competencies and qualifications, on schemes for talent spotting, training, education,
employment and on sports courses and institutions. The web application should also provide for registration and accreditation/
certification of various stakeholders in the ecosystem.
8.5 Key action points for NSDC
While the sector skill council will be the primary agency to take corrective action in the sports sector, NSDC will be an important
stakeholder to provide an impetus to the same. Following are a few action points for NSDC in this direction.
I.
Promote setup of sports sector skill council with clear mandate to act upon the above recommendations
II.
Ensure participation from multiple stakeholders like MoYAS, MoHRD, MoHFW through formation of a multi-sectoral committee,
especially for finalization of the national fitness program and its subsequent implementation
III.
Provide inputs to sector skill council and MoYAS/ SAI for working on areas like formulating National Occupational Standards for
sports, translating the same into an educational framework and defining the functional requirements of SIS (like Labour Market
Information System)
IV.
Support innovative setups in the business of sports marketing/ awareness, sports in education, training the trainers and
establishing sports schools. This support could be in the form of financial assistance or technical assistance with guidance from
the SSC.
8.6 Concept for sports sector skill council
Page 43 of 201
Implementation of many of the above recommendations would need to be undertaken by a group of experts from sports, education and
health fields. As of today, NSDC has promoted formation of many such associations, called sector skill councils with the basic idea of
addressing various issues, in the direction of bridging skill gaps. Following is a conceptual plan on the role, governance, legal format,
funding and executive operations of a sports sector skill council.
Page 44 of 201
Table 17: Conceptual plan – Sports sector skill council
►
►
Role
►
►
►
►
Governing body
►
►
►
Funding
Execut ive
divisions
Indust ry associat ion (rep. businesses and sponsors)
Minist ry of Yout h Affairs & Sport s
Minist ry of Healt h
Minist ry of HRD
►
►
►
►
Player frat ernit y (Khel rat na awardees)
Coach frat ernit y (Dronacharya awardees)
Skill development expert (NSDC)
Planning commission
►
To st art wit h, t he sport s SSC could be regist ered as a Societ y
If subst ant ial execution responsibility is given t o t he SSC, it may be incorporat ed as a Sect ion 25 company
There is always a possibilit y t hen of it s conversion from not -for-profit int o for-profit (rest rict ed) ent it y
►
Init ial grant from NSDC
►
In case of execut ion role, loan from NSDC, Privat e and Government (st ructuring int o int erest free or bearing)
►
Self-generat ion of revenue t hrough sale of sponsorship/ branding right s of websit e, event s et c.
►
Sport s sciences
Player management
Infrast ructure
Dual career
►
Legal format
Prepare NOS and educat ional qualificat ion framework
Advising Government on improvements t o PYKKA, CCE, NPFAI, NFP
Design curriculum for sport s schools
Provide plat form for Government -Privat e part nership
Run accredit at ion, cert ificat ion schemes and maint ain dynamic web applicat ion
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
Int ernat ional coordinat ion
Sport s in educat ion
Talent development
Skill development
To conclude this skill gap study for sports sector in India, it will be an understatement to suggest that sports sector, like any other sector, faces certain
skill gap issues and hence, needs urgent attention. In India, sports sector has been one of the most neglected and at the same time, deserving sectors
over the years. In the first place, there have been only a few policies like PYKKA or Come & Play which have any transformation intent and to add to the
issue, successful execution of even those policies has failed. Sports is one sector which adds to a country’s growth through not only directly
contributing to GDP increase and employment generation but also indirectly contributing by maintaining good health, mind as well as body, of the
citizens.
It is high time key stakeholders in the field of sports, health and education collaborate and attend to issues in infrastructure, trained personnel and
career at the grassroots as well as elite level.
Page 45 of 201
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
-
-
-
0
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sports institutions
-
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NFL players Mike
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Ditka, Michael Irvin,
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Federation of
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Ten Sports
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2010
16
(national)
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websites
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Page 46 of 201
8
-
1
-
9
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
(10)
SAI NS NIS,
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
Investment in sports (7)
World Rank (5)
Domestic competitions (6)
National Awards (8)
ACI
AFFI (American
International level infrastructure (9)
Number of Member Associations (4)
Indian Association / Federation (3) 25
CwG
Asian
World
ance at International level (1)
event (2)
Year of hosting a mega International
ure I: Inventory of sports
Yamuna
spent INR 23.76
2010
crore towards
Silver in
preparation of Indian
World
team for
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commonwealth
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games 2010
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104
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2006
2002
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5
Award
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Athletics
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2003 IAFF
2006
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85
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15 in
2002
2010
-
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12 in
43
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National Awards (8)
finals in
AFI
event (2)
CwG
Asian
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Government of India:
2010
spent INR 65.13
crore towards
team for
commonwealth
games 2010
-
-
-
-
IAF
25
-
1 National
-
-
-
-
-
0
34
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-
37
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-
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hip
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1 in
Prakash
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1998
1974
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World
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and Pullela
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men's and women's
2002
1982
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2010
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won the All
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gs
England
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2006
1 in
1986
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36
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spent INR 15.33
Page 47 of 201
Delhi
-
Badminton
1982 Asian
crore towards
2010
Open in
games
-
1980 and
team for
2001
commonwealth
respectively
games 2010
-
-
BBFI
32
-
3 domestic
-
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
(10)
SAI NS NIS,
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
4 in
-
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
2
20
-
-
-
-
events
(national)
-
-
-
-
BFI
-
-
-
-
ABFI
27
-
-
Indian
4 domestic
women
events
's team
(national)
:10
-
-
Fourth place
1951,1982
at the 1951
Asian Games
BFI
31
49
Asian games
4 domestic
IMG-Reliance has
events
signed a 30-year
(national)
contract with the BFI
2, Kerala,
Orissa
NBA conducts
grassroots level
events across India
and plans to float a
professional league
-
4 in
World
5 domestic
ONGC sponsors
1998
Billiards
events
billiards and snooker
State
3 in
Championsh
(national)
tournaments in the
Billiards
2002
ip:
country.
Association
4 in
Geet Sethi:
2006
1992,1993,
ONGC has many
1995,1998,
players on its
4 in
-
BSFI
16
-
Page 48 of 201
14
2
3
2
21
Karnataka
-
2010
2006
sports institutions
payrolls
Pankaj
Advani:
BSA Cycles
2009
sponsored the first
Anuja
East Zone snooker
Thakur:
championship in
2006
2011.
Chitra
Magimairaj:
2007, 2008
Indian
men's team
won the
World
Snooker
Championsh
ip in 2006
4 in
2 in
World
1982 Asian
1998
1998
Amateur
games
1 in
2 in
Boxing
2002
2006
Championsh
2 in
9 in
2006
2010
7 in
2010
ips
IBF
31
-
4th World
11
Sahara India backs
domestic
some Indian boxers
events
Monet Steel Group :
(national)
signed a $ 1 million
Women Amateur
deal with boxers as
Men: 1
Boxing
kit sponsors
bronze in
Championships
Percept Sports
2009,2011
Women: 8 in
2006, 4 in
2008, 2 in
signed notable
2010
Commonwelath
games
2010
boxers for a 3 year
endorsment deal
Government of India
spent INR 12.92
Page 49 of 201
32
2
8
1
43
Talkatora in
Delhi
-
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
World
Asian
CwG
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
crore towards
team for
commonwealth
games 2010
-
-
-
-
-
2010
IBA
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
BFI
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
IBBF
4
-
-
-
4
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
BFI / LBFI
24
-
Commonwealth
6 domestic
events
-spent INR 9.52
games
JN stadium in
Delhi
crore towards
commonwealth
games 2010
preparation
-
-
-
Summer
HCL, Sree Cement
Federation of
16th Bridge
BFI
member
23
-
/Winter
sponsor bridge
Asia and Middle
state
Nationals
tournaments
East
associatio
National
Championships
ns
Masters
2011
12
8 other
associated
bridge
members
tournament
s
Page 50 of 201
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
2 in
1st World
2010 Asian
2006
Chess
games
2 in
2010
AICF
45
7:
7 domestic
NIIT: NIIT
Men's
events
Mindchampionship
Championsh
Rankin
(national)
Academy to initiate
ip in 2000,
g
students into chess
2007, 2008,
5:
IGNOU: Certificate
2010
Women
program in Chess
1st World
's
with NIIT
Rapid Chess
Rankin
Championhi
g
15
1
3
-
-
-
-
-
-
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
World
Asian
CwG
19
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
p
CFI
World
World
5 domestic
Precise Industrial
Championsh
Championships
associatio
events
Corporation is the
ip:
1991,2000
ns
(national)
sponsor
- 4 in 2004
World Cup 2006
17
- 9 in 2008
AICF
30 state
-
institutions
World Cup
- 5 in 2001
- 11 in 2006
Page 51 of 201
-
-
BCCI
30
3
43
2
4
-
Ranji
Sahara Group:
Trophy
1) PWI: INR 1,800
49
Kolkata,
IPL
crore
Chennai,
Duleep
2) Indian Cricket
Trophy
Team sponsorship till
sports institutions
Mumbai,
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
(10)
SAI NS NIS,
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
2011
1987, 1996,
Asian
CwG
-
event (2)
World
1983, 2007
& 2011
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Delhi, UP,
Haryana,
Nagpur,
2013 - INR 500
Ahmedabad,
crore
Cuttack,
Nimbus sports:
Jaipur &
broadcast rights for
Punjab
all International and
domestic cricket
played in India from
2006-2014
Nike: kit sponsors
CFI
-
-
CPFI
32
-
8 domestic
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
0
Gold in
3rd World Cycle
World
Polo
events
and Riding
Championsh
Championships
(national)
club, Delhi
ips
2000
1996,1999,
2000,2001,
2002
Bronze in
2004
Page 52 of 201
Army Polo
-
3 at
-
1951,1982
CFI
26
-
Tour de
Hero Cycles :
1951
Asian games
Mumbai
sponsors of the India
Asian
2010
National
Cyclothon 2012.
games
Commonwealth
Games
Sport 18 : Sport 18
games
National
is the sponsor of
Champions
India Cyclothon and
hips
plans to expand it to
India
Cyclothon
3
-
-
-
3
sports institutions
IG stadium in
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
World
Asian
CwG
-
-
-
-
Delhi
22 cities.
-spent INR 30.90
crore towards
commonwealth
games 2010
preparation
-
1 bronze
1st CSI
1982 Asian
The
National
in 1998
Jumping
games
highest
Equestrian
Equestrian
2 Bronze,
Challenge
CSI Bangalore
ranked
Championh
Centre, Delhi
in 2006
Bangalore
2007
Indian
sips
is 847
(Senior/Ju
in the
nior)
world
Army
and
2002
CCI Jaipur 2012
EFI
20
-
Champions
hips
Delhi Horse
Show
Page 53 of 201
9
-
-
-
9
Army
-
-
-
-
FAI
-
National Fencing Championships
-
-
-
-
0
77
1
4
8
90
-
sports institutions
-
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
Asian
CwG
-
World
-
(senior/junior)
National games
2 in
Won the
1982 Asian
World
Sahara India:
2002
1998
1975
games
Series
- will financially back
stadium in
1 in
1 in
Hockey
2010
Hockey
India men’s and
Delhi
2006
2002
world cup
Commonwealth
Senior
women’s hockey
1 in
1 in
Won Men's
games
National
teams at all levels.
2006
Asia Cup
1982, 2010
Hockey
- Five year contract
Hockey World
Tournamen
as the main apparel
Won the
Cup
t
sponsor for Hockey
Women's
Men's Asia Cup
National
India, starting with
Asia Cup in
1989, 2007
games
the Olympic
Women's Asia
30 state
Won the
Cup 1999,
competitio
Sultan Azlan
2004
ns
1996, 2005
3 junior
Nimbus sports: have
Men's
level
looked to invest
Champions
competiton
approximately INR
Trophy
s
100 Crore on a 35
2010
1 in
2010
2003, 2007
2004
Shah
Tournament
in
1985,1991,
Hockey India
37
9
National
1 in
qualifiers in
February, 2012 .
1995,2009,
day tournament
2010
(World Series
Hockey).
Bridgestone: Naming
rights for the
upcoming World
Series Hockey
Page 54 of 201
-
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
tournament.
Government of India
spent INR 28.51
crore towards
team for
commonwealth
games 2010
-
-
-
-
FFI
17
-
National
-
-
-
-
0
Dr.
Champions
Nandurkar's
hip
College
-
-
-
Sports Hall,
Yavatmal,
Maharashtra.
-
Gold
AFC
All editions of
I-League;
1) IMG Reliance: INR
medals
Challenge
Nehru Cup
AIFF
35
144
Federation
700 Crore deal with
in 1951
Cup in 2008
2008 AFC
cup Super
AIFF
and
Nehru Cup in
Challenge Cup
cup
2) Zee: $70 million
1962
2007, 2009
1951, 1982
Santosh
for football
Asian games
Trophy
broadcasting rights
22
-
1
-
23
Kolkatta
-
3) JSW Group: INR
200 Crore
-
-
GFI
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
IGU
16
-
-
-
16
-
-
-
2 Gold in
Arjun Atwal
1982 Asian
Jeev
11
Rolex : Time keepers
1982;
first indian
Games
Milkha
Trophies
of the Indian Golf
DLF, Jaypee
1 Gold in
to win on the
Professional
Singh :
Union
in NCR;
2002
US PGA
Golf Tour of
Highest
Page 55 of 201
Qutub, DGC,
1 Silver
Tour-
India since
ranked
in 2006
Wyndham
1997
Indian
Championsh
Johnny Walker
193
ip
Classic 2008
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
Avantha Masters
1998,1999,200
0, 2003, 2008,
2011
2 in
1 bronze
2010
in 2010
-
1982 Asian
GFI
28 state
-
11
games
associatio
domestic
-spent INR 17.68
2010
ns and 7
events
crore towards
Commonwealth
departmen
(national)
commonwealth
games
ts
7
-
-
-
7
IG stadium in
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Delhi
games 2010
preparation
-
-
-
-
-
HFI
-
IIHF Challenge
IHAI
-
11
-
-
Cup of Asia
5 domestic
-
-
-
-
-
0
Chattarsal
events
Stadium,
(national)
New Delhi
National events in Shimla, Kasmir and
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
0
5 domestic events (national)
7
-
-
-
7
26
-
2
1
29
Dehradun
Ladakh
2012
ISAI
-
4 in
-
JFI
28
AKFI
33
-
-
1986
1 in
1994
4 Gold (2
1st in
Kabaddi World
6 domestic
Pearls Infrastructure
in 2010)
2004,2007,
Cup in
events
Group : Title
2010,2011
2004,2007,201
(national)
sponsors of world
Page 56 of 201
-
-
(Men)
0,2011
cups 2010,2011
Ist in 2012
Women's world
Omex, Trident: Co
(Women)
cup in 2012
Sponsors of world
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
cup 2010
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
AIKF and NKFI
32 state
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
members
4 para
millitary
forces
125 style
members
-
1 in
-
1994
1982 Asian
KCAI
41
-
games
8 domestic
Sunny Water Sports
events(nati
Products, RAE
onal)
Sports: Authorised
boat manufacturers
-
-
-
Ist Asian Kho
KFI
41
-
13
-
1
-
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
IG stadium in
-
-
-
-
-
-
Kho
Championhsip
1996
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
1995 World
IKF
14
-
-
-
-
-
0
Championship
-
-
-
-
Delhi
INLF
-
-
IALA
-
-
-
-
MFI
-
-
Page 57 of 201
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
MAAI
-
-
-
2011
MAI / FMSCI
-
1967 .84 crore -
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
0
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
-
-
-
-
Jaypee in
-
-
-
Jaypee;
Greater
INR 100 crore - JK
Noida
Tyre
INR 500 crore Sahara Group
IMF
Around 300
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
clubs/associations
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2010
-
-
MTI
23
NFI
27
5 domestic
Government of
commonwealth
25
events
India:
games
(national)
-spent INR 9.99
Thyagaraj in
Delhi
crore towards
commonwealth
games 2010
preparation
-
-
-
Indian Polo
Tag Heur: Official
Ambasaadors
FIP
IPA
33 clubs
-
Champions
time keeper (2006-
Ground, New
Cup 2012
hip
2009)
Delhi
Kingfisher
Reid and Taylor:
polo classic
title sponsor of the
Indian Polo
Championship
Kingfisher sponsors
Page 58 of 201
6
-
-
-
6
Jaipur Polo
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
a polo tournament
-
-
IPF
-
-
6
-
1
-
7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
Shree Shiv
-
-
-
-
-
-
2nd in Roll
2011 Roll Ball
IRBF
Ball World
world cup
Cup 2011
3 domestic
Airtel, DD Sports,
events
Radio City are the
Chhatrapati
(national)
sponsors
Sports
Complex,Pun
e
2 in
Bronze at
1982 Asian
1998
the World
games
1 in
Rowing
2002
Woeld Cup II
3 in
RFI
20
-
RSFI
16
-
13
-
1
1
15
-
-
-
-
3 National
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
Delhi
-
-
-
2009
2006
5 in
2010
-
-
-
-
2 bronze in 2010
Champions
hips
-
-
2010
IRFU
75
Commonwealth
National
Gmaes
games
University
Stadium,
Delhi
Page 59 of 201
-
Bronze in 2007
STAI
Men :
National
4 medlas in World Championships
11
games
2009
Women
-
-
-
-
0
31
4
1
-
36
sports institutions
-
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
Asian
CwG
-
World
-
-
-
-
:9
3 in
2 gold and
1951,1982 Asian
National
Sahara sponsors
1998
1998
1 bronze at
games
shooting
National Shooting
Singh in
24 in
2 in
the ISSF
2010
competitio
Championships
Delhi
2002
2002
World
Commonwealth
n , All India
27 in
14 in
Shooting
games
GV
2006
2006
30 in
8 in
2010
2010
NRAI
53
-
Dr. Karni
7 in
Government of
Championh
Mavlankar
sip in 2010
Shooting
Champions
hip , Kumar
1 gold at
Surendra
ISSF World
Singh
Cup finals
Memorial
in 2010
India:
-spent INR 50.96
crore towards
commonwealth
games 2010
preparation
Air Weapon
Shooting
Champions
hip , Sardar
Sajjan
Singh Sethi
Masters
Shooting
Champions
hip
-
-
-
-
SBFI
-
National Championship
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
Federation Cup
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Page 60 of 201
-
-
-
SAI (Snowboard Association of
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
Asian
CwG
-
World
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
Federation Cup
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
7
-
1
-
8
Siri fort in
-
India)
-
-
-
-
ASTFI
24
-
-
-
-
-
SAI
29
-
-
National Championhsips
-
Highest
National
Government of
2006
1 in
-
commonwealth
ranked
Squash
India:
3 in
games
woman
Champions
-spent INR 9.27
World Cup 2011
player:
hip
crore towards
15
National
commonwealth
Highest
Games
games 2010
2010
2010
SRFI
22
ranked
-
-
Delhi
preparation
male
player:
25
1 in
1 in
2010
2010
-
1951, 1982
SFI
28
-
6 domestic
Speedo
22
-
-
-
22
Dr. S.P.
Asian games
events
Mukerjee in
2010
(national)
Delhi
Commonwealth
games
Page 61 of 201
-
-
-
1982 Asian
TTFI
33 state
30
-
-
-
Stag International
games
associatio
events
Limited: sponsors
23
Sports
3 in
1987 World
ns
(national)
23 state teams and
Complex in
2006
Championships
27
the Indian TT team.
Delhi
5 in
2010
institution
Government of
2010
commonwealth
s
India:
sports institutions
Yamuna
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
5 domestic
2002
games
23
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
Asian
CwG
3 in
World
-
-spent INR 12.52
crore towards
commonwealth
games 2010
preparation
-
1 bronze
3rd in 2nd
International
3 domestic
Informedia 18,
medal in
Internation
Taekwondo
TFI
-
events
Manisha Agri
2002
al
Championships in
(national)
Biotech, Shivaaz:
Taekwondo
2006,2008,
sponsors of the
Champions
2010
International
hips
Taekwondo
Championship
36th in
World
organized by TFI in
2010.
Taekwondo
Champions
hips
(Women)
41st in
World
Taekwondo
Champions
hips (Men)
Page 62 of 201
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
3rd in
World
World
Championships
Champions
2006
TKFI
27
AITA
32
-
-
-
-
-
0
15
1
-
-
16
sports institutions
-
-
RK Khanna in
-
-
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
Asian
CwG
-
World
-
hips
2006,201
0
4 in
4 in
Davis Cup
1982 Asian
India
AITA Tournaments eg. 10k,10L
2010
1998
runners up
games
Davis
National series (junior players)
4 in
in
2010
cup
2002
1966,197
Commonwealth
Rank
4,1987
games
:20
4 in
-
Delhi
National Games
India
2006
Fed Cup
5 in
Rank:
2010
45
-
-
TBCFI
34
6 domestic
[1] Informedia 18
events
EY Research
(national)
http://nationaltaek
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
wondocommittee.c
om/events.html
-
-
-
-
TBFI
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
TFI
-
Federation Cup
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
National Throwball Championships
Page 63 of 201
-
-
-
TFI/ Gymnastics
28
-
Federation of India
National
-
-
-
-
-
0
Indira Gandhi
Trampoline
Sports
Gymnastics
Complex
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
Asian
CwG
-
World
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Champions
hip
-
-
India
ITF
International
26 affiliated members
National Triathlon
5 associated members
National Championship
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
0
22
-
3
1
26
-
-
-
-
0
33
2
3
-
38
Triathlon 2010
-
-
-
-
TWFI
1 in
2nd in
1951,1982 Asian
VFI
1958,19
2003
games
30
-
-
27
5 National
Bullpowers,
Champions
Josindechayesh,
hips
Tigers sponsor the
National
Indian Volley
Games
League
62,1986
-
-
Indian
Volley
League
-
-
-
2011 South
WGFI
17
-
-
IWF
34
-
National
Shivnaresh Sports:
Website partners
-
-
-
-
-
-
Asian Winter
games
13 in
4 in
1998
1994
1951,1982 Asian
Champions
27 in
1 in
games
hips
Government of
2002
1998
2010
National
India spent INR
9 in
Commonwealth
Games
17.45 crore
2006
games
towards
commonwealth
8 in
games 2010
2010
Page 64 of 201
JN stadium in
Delhi
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
World
Asian
CwG
preparation
6 in
1 in
2002
2002
-
1982 Asian
games
WFI
-
-
Government of
India:
40
1
6
5
52
stadiums in
JN & IG
9 in
6 in
2010
-spent INR 24.41
Delhi
2006
2006
Commonwealth
crore towards
19 in
3 in
games
commonwealth
2010
2010
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
games 2010
preparation
-
2008 Water Ski
WWSFI
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
0
16
2
1
-
19
-
World Cup
-
1 in
-
-
WAI
43
-
4 domestic
2006
events
2 in
(national)
-
2010
-
National
India International
1994
2 in
-
1982 Asian
games
YAI
9 class
associatio
-
Games
Regatta 2011
Sailing
3 in
India
ns
National
partners:
Academy
2002
International
52 clubs
Champions
- Raymond,
1 in
Regatta
hips
Gamesa, Tissot
organised
were the gold
by various
partners
member
- Government of
2006
1 in
Page 65 of 201
Chennai
-
2010
class
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
India
association
s
-
-
YFI
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
IBSA
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
AISCD
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
PCI
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
SOB
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
SGFI
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
APFI
-
APFI
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
-
-
-
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-
0
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-
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0
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0
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0
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-
-
-
0
-
-
-
-
Page 66 of 201
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
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-
-
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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Page 67 of 201
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
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0
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Page 68 of 201
sports institutions
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
(10)
PATIALA
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
National Awards (8)
SAI NS NIS,
event (2)
CwG
Asian
World
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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-
0
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Page 69 of 201
Page 70 of 201
National Awards (8)
BANGALORE
SAI (NSSC)
PATIALA
SAI NS NIS,
Total
Award
Dhyan Chand
Award
Dronacharya
RG Khel Ratana
Arjuna Award
World Rank (5)
event (2)
World
Asian
CwG
sports institutions
(10)
0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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-
Annexure II: Profiling of high impact sports
Archery
A. Introduction
Archery events for men were held in the Olympic Games from 1900 to 1920 and for women in 1904 and 1908. It was re-introduced in the 1972
Olympic Games, for both men & women and continued thereafter. The Federation Internationale de Tir a L'Arc (FITA) is the International
Governing Body for the sports of Archery.
There are two division of Archery competitions are being played - Recurve division and Compound division. Recurve division has been played
since 1920s and the Compound Division was introduced in 1998 in the World Championship and in 2000 in the Asian Championship. Recurve
division competition is the part of Olympic, Asian, Commonwealth, SAF Games whereas Compound Archery is played in World Championship
Asian Championships and Commonwealth Games.
Archery Association of India has introduced the Compound Archery competition in the Senior Nationals in 2004. Indian Round event playing
with bamboo bow and arrow was introduced in 1993 in India which greatly helped to enhance the popularity of Archery in the country.
B.
Hierarchy of the sport
The selection of the national team is done through the following levels:
Levels
National / International*
Zonal/ Regional
State
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
Oly mpic Games
Wor ld Cup Championships
Wor ld Cup
Commonwealt h Games
A sian Championships
A sia Gr and Pr ix
► Regional Tr aining Cent r e
Tour nament s
► Nat ional Ranking A r cher y
Cir cuit Tour nament (NRA CT)
► Senior Nat ional Championships
► J unior Nat ional Tour nament
► Sub-J unior Nat ional
Championships
► Int er Dist r ict Tour nament s
► School and Club Lev el
District
Block/Village
► Tour nament s under ‘Panchay at
Yuv a Kr ida A ur Khel
A bhiy an’(PYKKA )
* Details of key national/international tournaments have been provided in section 3.3
Page 71 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
Government Support
f
Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan’ (PYKKA): was launched by the Department of Youth Affairs & Sports in the year 2008-09.
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Archery is one of twenty
sports covered under the PYKKA scheme.
f
The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport. Till date the government has
recognized 9 professionals:
►
Dronacharya Award
–
01
►
Arjuna Award
–
08 28
Key Partnerships
f
Sahara India 29: Sahara India Pariwar, has pledged to support and adopt the sport of Archery in India. For Archery, Sahara has
announced that it will sponsor the Men’s as well as Women’s National Archery Teams till 2013.
Sahara will also pay incentives to the top 10 Archers of India each year on the basis of their annual performance and the most
consistent performer and promising Archers would be selected annually in consultation with Archery Association of India. In
addition to this, Sahara India Pariwar will also be the Title Sponsor of the Senior National Archery Championship up till 2013
III.
Key Tournaments
f
International
►
Olympic Games: Archery had its debut at the 1900 Olympics and has been contested in 13 Olympiads. Eighty three different
nations have appeared in the Olympic archery competitions. It is governed by the International Archery Federation. Recurve
archery is the only discipline of archery featured at the Olympic Games.
►
World Championships: An event that is hosted every two years. The top archers from the world compete in recurve and
compound disciplines
►
World Cup: World Cup Ranking Archery Tournaments has given an opportunity to Archers to compete against top archers of
the world four times in a year. Recurve and compound are the disciplines which are competed These tournaments give
encouragement not only to Archers but also to Nations for making the effort to come with full teams to all the event, as
provision of Cash Award for Nations are also made.
►
World Cup Final: Subject to qualification in all 4 World cup events. It is held once a year. Recurve and compound are the
disciplines which are competed
►
Commonwealth Games: It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the 1982 and has only featured twice in the
competition's history, at the 1982 Commonwealth Games and at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. As it is an optional
sport and may or may not be included in the sporting programme. Recurve and Compound are the two disciplines
competed.
►
Asian Championships: The event is held every two years for athletes in Asia. Recurve and compound are the two disciplines
competed
►
Asian Games: Archery has been an event at the Asian Games since 1978 in Bangkok, Thailand. Recurve archery is the only
discipline featured
Other events are the South Asian Championships and the South Asian Games
f
Domestic:
►
Senior National Championships
28
http://www.olympic.ind.in/award.html
29
Sahara Pariwar, Ernst & Young research
Page 72 of 201
►
Junior National Tournament
►
Sub-Junior National Championships
►
National Ranking Archery Circuit Tournament (NRACT)
Archery tournaments in the country are played at four levels. The most basic being District, followed my State, Regional and ultimately
National level representation.
District level competitions are School level & Club levels. Each district level has a recognized district association. Each State Archery
Association is affiliated to the AAI. They are responsible for conducting State and Inter-District Championships. On the basis of State
Championships and trials, State teams are selected for National Championships and National Games.
Regional Training Centres (RTCs), Inter-Training Centres competitions are conducted at various locations, on monthly basis under the
supervision of Indian Coaches. This enables archers of each Regional Centre may compete against the archers from other centres. Each
centre organizes competitions, inviting all other centres to participate.
IV.
Sport Education/courses: 30
Archery Courses in India (archery taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPECPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
NS NIS (Kolkatta)
1. Diploma in Sports
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
Written test is followed by a technical interview
Duration
1 year
where the candidates experience and
achievements are reviewed
2. Refresher course in
f
NA
NA
f
Written test followed by a proficiency test and
4 years (last year
technical interview
specialized sport)
Sports Coaching
Lakshmibai National
1. BPEd
University of Physical
Education, Gwalior
Other notable Archery Academies in India
Name
Intake
f
TATA Archery Academy, Jamshedpur
NA
f
Army Sports Institution, Pune
200
f
Mittal Champions Trust, Bangalore
Details
f
f
f
Impart training with a systematic approach
Availing the services of foreign coach.
Centres arrange regular short duration Training-cum-Competition
exposures with the archers of leading archery countries of the World
f
"Shoot to kill Exercise" is a practice that the centres wish to impart in the
athletes.
f
f
Centres have sophisticated infrastructure and training facilities
Due to lack of sufficient archery equipment and scientific support, the
desired results are still awaited
30
f
Sports Authority of India, Kolkatta
NA
NA
f
Sports Authority of India, Delhi
NA
NA
f
Jharkhand Archery Association, Jamshedpur
NA
NA
f
Andhra Pradhes Archery Association,
Hyderabad
NA
NA
f
Gurukul Prabhat Ashram, Meerut
NA
NA
All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from the respective institution’s website.
Page 73 of 201
Other notable Archery Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
Sri Ram Archery Academy
NA
NA
f
Probandhan Archery Academy
NA
NA
f
Thrissur Archery Academy
NA
NA
Sport outreach
f
Member Associations
►
Archery Association of India is affiliated to 27 State Archery Associations, 12 Para-Military Forces and other voluntary
organizations. It is very popular in the States like Jharkhand, West Bengal, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland,
Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Maharashtra, Delhi etc. Archery is part of Inter-University and School
Games, Railway Sports Control Board, All India Police Sports Control Board, Steel Plant Services Board, Indo-Tibetan
Border Security Force, CRPF, CISF, and SSB.
D. Our success so far
Indian Archery is on the rise. The funding to the sport has increased as shown below and this has improved the level of performances. This may
be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won (in all forms of international archery tournaments) in past 3 years. An
investment of INR 23.76 Crore during the period of 2008 – 2011 India has won over 100 meda
Archery spending corresponding to medals won
50
49
45
10
41
40
Medals won
12
35
30
6
25
20
4
15
10
8
10
Spending in Cr.
55
2
5
0
0
2008-2009
2009-2010
Medals won by Year
Spending (` Cr.)
2010-2011
Medals Won
Indian Archery has been given a boost in the country for the preparation of the Commonwealth Games in 2010. The Indian athletes have
excelled since the influx of investment in the sport. After a solid performance in the Commonwealth Games winning 8 medals (3 Gold, 1 Silver
and 4 Bronze) there is hope for an Olympic medal in the near future.
I.
International Performances
f
31
World Cup Medals 31
Source: Archery Association of India, Ernst & Young research
Page 74 of 201
World Cup Medals (2006 - Till date)
4
3
Medals
3
3
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Gold
1
1
1
3
3
1
Silver
1
0
1
1
3
7
Bronze
0
1
1
5
1
2
INFERENCE: Till the 2008 World Cup, India’s performance had be constant by winning a gold medal at each event. The graph shows
better performances at the 2009 and 2010 events and an increased overall medal tally at the 2011 event. The last year three years show
India’s potential in the sport. Effective measures need to be taken to boost the country’s archers for future Olympic success.
f
Asian Championships 32
Asian Championships (1997 - Till date)
3
2 2 2
2
2 2 2
2
Medals
2
1
1
1 1
1
0 0
0
1997
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
Gold
0
0
2
1
2
0
Silver
0
1
2
1
2
0
Bronze
1
0
2
2
2
2
0
0 0
0
INFERENCE: India has performed well since the 2005 version of the games. This rise in medal tally can be attributed to more investment
and interest in the sport. Although there has been a medal drop in the year 2011, Indian archers have shown progress at the Asian
Championships since 2005.
f
Asian Games 33
32
Source: Archery Association of India, Ernst & Young research
33
Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 75 of 201
Asian Games
3
2
2
Medals
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
2006
Gold
2010
Silver
Bronze
Linear (Silver)
Linear (Bronze)
INFERENCE: The Asian Games shows a positive trend in the performance of Indian archers. The overall medal tally has increased. India
has also won a silver medal at the 2010 edition. This is a promising sign for the future Asian Games.
II.
Domestic Performances 34
f
National Games (Men)
Archery National Games (2011) (Men)
3
2
2
Medals
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
SSCB
Manipur
Delhi
Gold
2
1
1
Silver
2
0
0
Bronze
1
1
1
0
The SSCB dominated the national games by winning a total of 5 medals that included 2 gold medals, 2 silvers and 1 bronze. Showing that
the SSCB has taken apt steps to produce archers of high quality
f
34
National Games (Women)
http://bigfather.hubpages.com/hub/34th-National-Games-Jharkhand-2011
Page 76 of 201
Archery National Games (2011) (Women)
4
3
Medals
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
Jharkhand
Manipur
Assam
Gold
3
2
1
Silver
2
0
1
Bronze
3
1
1
Jharkhand’s interest has moved from it being a traditional sport into a sport of choice can be seen. The state won a total of 8 medals
including 3 gold’s, 2 silvers and 3 bronzes. Followed by Manipur with 2 gold’s
E.
Way forward
Archery is slowly moving away from a traditional sport to a sport of choice. PYKKA will also help increase awareness of the sport in rural and
village areas. With the recent performances in the Delhi, Common wealth games and the contribution made from premier academies, there has
been an increase in participation at tournaments as well as an increase in the admissions at academies. India has the potential to perform at
international tournaments and therefore one can expect a bright future for India archers.
Page 77 of 201
Athletics
A. Introduction
Athletics is an exclusive collection of sporting events that involve competitive running, jumping, throwing, and walking. The simplicity of the
competitions, and the lack of a need for expensive equipment, makes athletics one of the most commonly competed sports in the world.
Athletics in India is governed by the Athletics Federation of India and is affiliated to the International Association of Athletics Federations. The
Unites States of America is the dominant force in athletics.
India has performed well at the Asian games and Asian Championships. It is at the world stage that India athletes have struggled. However,
gold medal wins at the recently concluded Delhi Commonwealth games show that India has the potential to perform at International games
events.
B.
Levels
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
Commonwealt h Games
Asian Games
World At hlet ic Series
Asian At hlet ic Championships
Nat ional Games
Nat ional Open At hlet ics
Championship
► Zonal t ournament s
► Int er zonal t ournament s
► Int er st at e t ournament s
► St at e level t ournament s
► Int er dist rict t ournament s
► Int er school t ournament s
► Tournament s organized under t he
PYKKA scheme
Page 78 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
III.
Government Support
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Athletics is one of twenty
f
Schemes like National Sports Festival also emphasize on development of hockey in the country.
f
The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in the sport.
f
R G Khel Ratna Award
-
03
f
Dhyan Chand award
-
06
f
Dronacharya Award
–
13
f
Arjuna Award
-
85 35
Key Partnerships
f
ATE, Vinex, Nelco 36 are the official equipment suppliers of Athletics Federation of India.
f
Shiv Naresh Sports 37: Its is the official kit supplier of the Athletics Federation of India.
f
DD Sports 38: Official broadcast partner of the Athletics Federation of India.
f
Indian Oil Sports Scholarships: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players
with a view to encourage talent and create a pool of sportspersons from whom to select sport appointees to the Corporation.
Key Tournaments
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Athletics has been contested at every Summer Olympics since the birth of the modern Olympic movement
at the 1896 Summer Olympics. The modern program now comprises track and field events, road running events, and race
walking events.
f
Commonwealth Games: Athletics has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the inaugural edition of the games. It is a
core sport.
f
Asian Games: Athletics has been an Asian Games event since the 1951 games.
f
World Athletic Series: Includes 9 championship events of which 7 are biennial. It includes championships for indoor athletic
events, marathon events and championships for junior and youth sportsperson as well.
f
Asian Championships/Asian indoor Athletic Championships: Biennial events conducted by the Asian Athletics Association.
f
IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics, held every 2 years (18-19 years of age)
f
IAAF World Youth Championships in Athletics, held every 2 years (17 years of age or younger)
35
36
ATE, Nelco, Vinex, Ernst & Young research
37
Shiv Naresh Sports, Ernst & Young research
38
DD Sports, Ernst & Young research
Page 79 of 201
f
IV.
Domestic:
f
National Games: Athletics is one of the disciplines in the national games held after every two years.
f
National events: National Open Athletics Championship, National Athletics Circuit Meet, India Grand Prix.
Athletics Courses in India (athletics taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
Selection Criteria
Duration
NS NIS (Patiala and Bangalore)
1. MSc in Sports
f
2 years
Coaching
Written test followed by a technical interview.
Mandatory requirement should be a Diploma in sports
Coaching
f
Coaching
Written test is followed by a technical interview where
1 year
the candidates experience and achievements are
reviewed
3. Certificate course in
f
sports coaching
For men & women working in
6 weeks
schools/colleges/universities/ industrial houses &
other sports associated agencies
f
NA
NA
f
Written test followed by a technical interview
1 Year
f
1 Year
f
Physical fitness test
4 years (last year
f
Proficiency test
specialized sport)
f
Written test
f
4 semester degree
f
Proficiency test
course
f
Written test
5. M.Sc. in Sports
f
Written test
Coaching
f
Interview
f
Written test followed by a proficiency test and technical
Sports Coaching
Lakshmibai National University of
Physical Education, Gwalior
Coaching
2. PGD in Sports
Coaching
3. BPEd
4. M.PEd.
Lakshmibai National College of
1. BPEd
Physical Education (LNCPE),
4 semesters
3 years
interview
Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram
2. MPEd
f
2 year
interview
f
39
Diploma in PEd is mandatory
Page 80 of 201
Other notable Athletics Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
National Institution of Sport
f
NA
f
NA
f
Chail Military School
f
NA
f
NA
f
Usha School of Athletics
f
NA
f
NA
f
Army Sports Institution
f
300
f
NA
f
Motilal Nehru School of Sports
f
90
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
The Athletics Federation of India has 43 member associations. Of this 31 are state and UT associations
f
Other 12 members are boards such as the Railways Sports Promotion board, Services Sports Control board, Coal India
Sports Promotion board
Athletics is a sport that requires physical attributes as well as raw talent. Indian Athletes have not been able to physically develop as their
American and European counterparts have. India has won only 2 gold medals at the Olympics in 1900. Indian Athletics has recently produced
results at the Commonwealth games which should spring board the country to future success. This may be indicated with the amount spent and
the number of medals won (in all forms of international tournaments) in past 3 years. An investment of INR 65 Crore during the period of 2008
– 2011 India has won positions in 52 International tournaments 40.
Athletics spending corresponding to medals won
30
Medals won
19
19
18
17
25
20
15
17
16
10
16
15
Spending in Cr.
20
5
14
0
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11
Medals won by Year
Funds
Medals Won
Indian Athletics has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the Commonwealth Games. The funding has
borne fruit with more podium performances in the year 2010-2011.There needs to be constant funding in order to further increase the chances
of winning medals in the next few years. Funding for the sport needs to develop in order to have medal chances at the London Olympics, 2012.
40
Source: Ernst & Young research
Page 81 of 201
I.
f
Commonwealth Games 41
Commonwealth Games Medals (1958 - Till date)
8
7
7
6
Medals
5
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
0 0
0
1
0
0 0
1
1
0
1 1
0 0
0
1
0
0
1958
1966
1970
1974
1978
2002
2006
2010
Gold
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
Silver
0
1
0
1
0
1
2
3
Bronze
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
7
INFERENCE: India’s first gold at the Commonwealth Games came in 1958. Since then, India has won a total of 6 medals till the 2002
Commonwealth Games. India’s performance has improved drastically since the 2006 Commonwealth Games winning a total of 15
medals in the next two editions. Indian women have been successful at the relay events at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.
f
Asian Games 42
Medals
Asian Games Medals (1951 - Till date)
41
42
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1212
10
5
6
3
7
5
22
5 5 5 5 55
4
4 4
1
9
8
7
3
8
4
1
4
7 7
6
6
5
4
3
2
2
0
0
1
2 2
44
55
2
1
195 195 195 196 196 197 197 197 198 198 199 199 199 200 200 201
1
4
8
2
6
0
4
8
2
6
0
4
8
2
6
0
Gold
10
5
5
5
5
4
4
8
4
4
0
0
2
7
1
5
Silver
12
3
2
1
1
5
7
7
9
2
4
1
6
6
4
2
Bronze 12
6
2
5
5
5
4
3
8
3
2
2
7
5
4
5
Page 82 of 201
INFERENCE: India did well at the Asian Games till 1986. From the graph above one can see a drop in performance levels till the 1994
Asian Games. After winning 2 gold’s at the 1998 games, India has won at least 1 gold at each edition of the Games. India’s performance
at the 2010 Asian Games is a result of the performance of the athletes at the Commonwealth Games.
f
South Asian Games
30
South Asian Games (2004-2010)
25
Medals
20
15
15
15
14
12
15
14
11
10
10
8
5
0
2004
2006
2010
Gold
15
15
10
Silver
12
14
11
Bronze
14
15
8
Silver
2 per. Mov. Avg. (Gold )
Gold
Bronze
INFERENCE: India has dominated the South Asian Games since 2004. India needs to show more consistency in performances without
allowing dip in performance, as seen at the 2010 event.
Domestic Performances
f
Athletics National Games (2007-2011) (Men)
Medals
II.
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
13
9
10
9
6
6
SSCB
Kerala
UP
Gold
13
9
5
Silver
6
6
5
Bronze
9
10
5
5
5
5
INFERENCE: Services have dominated the National Games for Athletics at the last two events. Kerala which produces many athletes for
the country came in overall second followed by Uttar Pradesh.
Page 83 of 201
f
Medals
Athletics National Games (2007-2011) (Women)
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
12
11
8
3
3
2
3 3
3
1
3
4
3
1
1
Kerala
Karnataka
AP
Punjab
Tamil Nadu
Gold
12
3
8
3
3
Silver
11
2
3
1
1
Bronze
3
1
3
3
4
INFERENCE: Women athletics has been dominated by the state of Kerala. Kerala historically has done well to produce high quality
athletes. This is because of the interest level in the state which can be attributed to athletes such as P.T Usha from the state representing
the Indian National team.
E.
Way forward
Athletics has a lot of potential in India. Excelling in athletics can contribute significantly to a country’s medal tally. Athletics is a sport that can
easily be promoted at the grassroots level. Therefore, active government support is essential. World class medical facilities need to be made
available to the athletes.
Page 84 of 201
Badminton
A. Introduction
In India, Badminton is governed by the Badminton Association of India at the National level, to whom all the State level badminton
associations are affiliated. The Badminton Association of India is affiliated to the Badminton World Federation and Badminton Asia
Confederation.
Asian countries like China, Malaysia and Indonesia along with Denmark are the dominating powers in Badminton. Prakash Padukone and
Pulella Gopichand are the most famous Indian shuttlers. Saina Nehwal is currently, the only Indian ranked in the top 10.
Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include service judge and line judge.
B.
Levels
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
BWF Wor ld Championships
Copenhagen Mast er s
A ll England Open
Badmint on A sia Championship
Oly mpic Games
Commonwealt h Games
A sian Games
Nat ional Ranking
Tour nament s(J unior / Senior )
► Int er zonal t our nament s
► Int er St at e Tour nament s
► St at e lev el select ion t our nament s
► Int er Dist r ict Tour nament s
► School and Club Lev el
► Tour nament s held under PYKKA
at t he Panchay at Lev els
Page 85 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
III.
Government Support
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural areas. Badminton is one of
twenty sports covered under the PYKKA scheme.
f
Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women and Promotion of Sports and Games in Schools also emphasize on development
of badminton in the country.
f
recognized over 30 professionals:
R G Khel Ratna
–
01
f
Dronacharya Award
-
02
f
Arjuna Award
-
3443
Key Partnerships
f
Total Sports Asia: Total Sports Asia’s (TSA) were the brokers for the first ever multi million US$ shirt sponsorship deal for Indian
National Badminton team in 2010. Premier Brands were signed in as the Title Sponsor of both the men’s and the women’s team
where in the brand logo featured on both the team and individual championships.
f
Neo Sports: has entered into a three-year agreement with Total Sports Asia to acquire media rights for the OSIM BWF World
Super series from 2011 to 2013 for the Indian Subcontinent.
f
Victor: the no.1 badminton brand in Europe and the global leader in badminton shuttles, has signed a sponsorship deal with the
Madhya Pradesh Badminton Association (MPBA). The 2 year deal involves the supply of badminton shuttles and other
badminton gear, sponsorships of players and support for MPBA.
f
Key Tournaments
f
43
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Badminton had its debut at the 1992 Summer Olympics and has been contested in 5 Olympiads. 50
different nations have appeared in Olympic badminton. It is governed by the Badminton World Federation. India has never
won a medal in Badminton at the Olympics.
f
BWF World Championships: It is an annual tournament organized by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) to crown the
best badminton players in the world.
f
Commonwealth Games: Badminton debuted at the 1966 Commonwealth Games. India has won 4 gold medals in the
games so far.
f
Asian Games: Badminton is one of the regular Asian games sports since 1962. India has never won a gold medal for
badminton at the Asian games.
f
The Copenhagen Masters: The Copenhagen Masters is a high-ranking tournament in badminton. It is an invitation
tournament held annually since 1993 in the week between Christmas and New Year in Copenhagen.
f
The All England Open Badminton Championships: All England is one of the world’s oldest and most prestigious badminton
tournaments. Played annually, it developed after the success of world's first badminton tournament held in Guildford in
1898. Prakash Padukone in 1980 and Pullella Gopichand in 2001 are the Indian winners.
Page 86 of 201
f
f
The Badminton Asia Championships: It is a tournament organized by the Badminton Asia Confederation to crown the
best badminton players in Asia.
Domestic:
Within the country, there are domestic competitions at the Senior, Junior and Sub levels. The details of some of these tournaments
have been provided here under:
IV.
f
National Games: National Games are held after every two years in India. All states of India participate in the games.
f
Senior level tournaments: All India Senior Ranking Badminton Tournament, Senior National Badminton Tournament
f
Junior level tournaments: All India Junior Ranking Badminton Tournament, Junior National Badminton Tournament
Sport Education/courses 44
Badminton Courses in India (Badminton taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
Selection Criteria
Duration
NSNIS, Patiala, India
f
1 year
Coaching
Written test is followed by a technical interview where the
candidates experience and achievements are reviewed
sports coaching
For men and women working in
6 weeks
schools/colleges/universities/industrial houses and other
agencies associated with sports
f
NA
NA
f
f
f
4 years (last year
Proficiency test
specialized sport)
f
f
f
4 semester degree
Proficiency test
course
f
Sports Coaching
Lakshmibai National
1. BPEd
Education, Gwalior
2. M.PEd.
Lakshmibai National
3. BPE
College of Physical
Written test
Written test
3 years
interview
Education (LNCPE),
Kariavattom,
f
4. MPE
Thiruvananthapuram
2 year
interview
f
f
5. M.Phil.
NA
interview
f
A candidate should have obtained MPE/MPEd (2 years’
duration) or any equivalent degree in Physical Education from
a recognized University
Other notable Badminton Academies in India
Name
Intake
Details
f
f
f
Gopichand Badminton Academy,
250
Hyderabad, India
The US$2.5 million badminton training academy contains
eight courts, a swimming pool, weight training room,
cafeteria and rooms to sleep
f
The academy focuses on quick and effective recovery of the
athletes and has world class facilities for the same.
44
All information gathered from each institutions website
Page 87 of 201
f
Prakash Padukone Badminton Academy,
f
f
f
f
30
Bangalore, India
Onsite Yonex store
Exchange programs
Elite training programs in collaboration with GoSports(India)
Pvt. Ltd.
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
Yen Bandminton Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Padukone Shutllers Academy
f
NA
f
NA
V.
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations: BAI has 28 state members that conduct badminton tournaments and have a 2x voting power compared to
the 8 affiliate members, who do not conduct tournaments and have a single vote each in the association.
Over the years Indian Badminton has made the country proud through it’s excellent on-field performances. Unfortunately they have never won a
medal at the Olympics, but have won prestigious tournaments such as ‘The All England Open Championships’. The performances have realized
medals (in all forms of international tournaments) in past 3 years. With an investment of INR 16 Crore during the period of 2008 – 2011 India
has won positions in International tournaments (2 Gold; 1Silver and 1 Bronze) 45.
4
Medals won
7
Badminton spending corresponding to medals won
4
6
5
3
4
2
3
2
1
Spending in Cr.
5
1
0
0
0
2008-2009
2009-2010
0
2010-2011
Medals won by Year
Spending (` Cr.)
Medals Won
Indian performances have realized medals in the year 2010-2011, with podium finishes at the Commonwealth games and the Asian Games.
I.
f
45
Source: Indian Olympics Committee website; EY research
46
Page 88 of 201
Commonwealth Games Medals (1978 - Till date)
4
Medals
3
2 2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
0 0
0
0
2
1
0
0 0
0 0
1
1978
1982
1998
2002
2006
2010
Gold
1
1
0
0
0
2
Silver
0
0
2
0
0
1
Bronze
1
0
2
1
2
1
INFERENCE: India has managed to finish at the podium since 1998 in every edition. The Indian contingent won its first gold and had the
largest medal count since 1998 at the 2010 Commonwealth Games. Indian shuttlers have been able train hard in better facilities.
Investments in the last few years have increased the infrastructure available.
f
Asian Games 47
Asian Games (1974 - 1986)
6
5
5
Medals
4
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1974
1982
1986
Gold
0
0
0
Silver
0
0
0
Bronze
1
5
1
INFERENCE: India has never won an individual medal at the Asian Games. This is because China has dominated the Asian Games
singles events. The last medal India won at the Asian Games was in 1986 which was a team bronze.
II.
f
47
Source: Source: Ernst & Young research
Page 89 of 201
Badminton National Games (2007-2011) (Men)
4
3
Medals
3
3
2
1
1
0
0
3
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
Kerala
AP
Karnataka
Maharshtra
Gold
3
1
0
0
Silver
0
1
1
3
Bronze
0
3
1
0
INFERENCE: Kerala have done extremely well as a state in the Badminton Nationals having won 3 gold’s followed by Andhra Pradesh with
one gold, silver and 3 bronze’s.
Medals
f
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Badminton National Games (2002-2011) (Women)
3
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
AP
Maharshtra
Kerala
Gold
3
1
1
Silver
1
3
1
Bronze
1
3
2
INFERENCE: Andhra Pradesh has dominated with 3 gold’s, followed by one each from Maharashtra and Kerala
E.
Way forward
In the recent times, the rise of Indian badminton star Saina Nehwal, who is currently No.5th in world badminton, has helped to raise the
popularity of badminton in India. There has been an increase in interest in the sport. Badminton is a sport that is dominated by Asian countries
as it requires more skill than power. Therefore, India has a huge potential in Badminton and efforts must be made by sports ministry to
capitalize on that.
Page 90 of 201
Basketball
A. Introduction
Basketball is one of the world's most popular and widely viewed sports. Competitive basketball is primarily an indoor sport, but less regulated
variations are often played outdoors in both inner city and remote areas.
The distinction between amateur and professional was eliminated in 1986. FIBA approved the rule that allowed NBA players to compete in
international tournaments, including the Olympics. The USA is the most dominant country in world basketball. The Basketball Federation of
India is the sport’s governing body in India. It is affiliated to the International Basketball federation (FIBA), which is the sport’s international
governing body. India is currently ranked 41 in the world.
The first ever professional basketball league in India was held in 2010. NBA also plans to float a basketball league in India.
Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include assistant referee (linesman).
B.
Levels
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
Commonwealt h Games
Asian Games
FIBA World Championships
Nat ional Games
Nat ional Basket ball
Championships
► Federat ion Cup
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
► St at e Championships
► School Tournament s ( U-15,17)
► Int er Collegiat e Tournament s
PYKKA scheme
Page 91 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
III.
Government Support
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Basketball is one of
f
Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women also emphasize on development of Basketball in the country.
f
f
Dhyan Chand award
–
02
f
Arjuna Award
-
1848
Key Partnerships
f
IMG-Reliance 49: IMG, the New York-based sports-management agency, and Reliance Industries Ltd had formed IMG Reliance in
2010 to develop sports and entertainment in India. The company has already signed a 30-year contract with the Basketball
Federation of India (BFI) that allows for the floating of a professional league.
f
NBA 50: United States' National Basketball Association (NBA) is planning to establish a professional league in India. NBA has
conducted grassroots events across India for the past two years, and this season there are six games a week shown live on
television in the country.
f
Mahindra Group 51: The Mahindra group backs a community based basketball league in the country.
f
Nike, Adidas and Coca Cola 52 are NBA’S marketing partners in India.
f
Key Tournaments
f
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Basketball has been a Summer Olympics sport for men consistently since 1936. Women's basketball was
played in the Olympics only since 1976. Since, 1992 Olympics, professional sportsperson have been participating in the
games.
f
Commonwealth games: Basketball made its only appearance in the commonwealth games in 2006.
f
Asian games: Basketball is an Asian Games sport since the 1951 edition. The Asian Games tournaments were the de facto
Asian championships until the Asian Basketball Confederation Championship was founded in 1960.
f
FIBA World Championships: FIBA World Championships are held every four years.
f
FIBA Under-21 World Championship
f
FIBA Under-19 World Championship, held every 2 years
f
FIBA Under-17 World Championship, held every 2 years
Domestic:
f
National Games: Basketball is one of the disciplines in the national games held after every two years.
f
National Basketball Championships: These championships are held every year for senior, junior and sub junior level players.
48
49
IMG-Reliance, Ernst & Young research
50
NBA, Ernst & Young research
51
Mahindra Group, Ernst & Young research
52
Nike, Adidas, Coca Cola-Ernst & Young research
Page 92 of 201
f
IV.
Federation Cup: Annual tournament
Basketball Courses in India (basketball taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
Selection Criteria
NS NIS (Patiala )
1. MSc in Sports Coaching
f
Duration
Written test followed by a technical
2 years
interview. Mandatory requirement should
be a Diploma in sports Coaching
f
Coaching
Written test is followed by a technical
1 year
interview where the candidates experience
and achievements are reviewed
f
sports coaching
For men and women working in schools /
6 weeks
colleges / universities / industrial houses
and other agencies associated with sports
f
NA
NA
f
1 Year
Sports Coaching
Lakshmibai National
Education, Gwalior
interview
Coaching
2. PGD in Sports Coaching
f
1 Year
interview
1. BPEd
2. M.PEd.
Lakshmibai National
1. BPEd
f
f
f
4 years (last year specialized
Proficiency test
sport)
f
f
f
f
Written test followed by a proficiency test
Written test
4 semester degree course
Proficiency test
Written test
3 years
and technical interview
College of Physical
Education (LNCPE),
Kariavattom,
f
2. MPEd
2 year
and technical interview
Thiruvananthapuram
f
Other notable Basketball Academies in India
Name
53
Intake
Details
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
Burn Basketball Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
100
f
NA
f
Ludhiana Basketball Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
Page 93 of 201
f
Basketball Academy, Punjab
f
NA
f
NA
f
IMG Academy
f
NA
f
NA
V.
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
f
Basketball Federation of India has 29 member state associations
f
Railways sports promotion board and Services sports control board are also affiliated to Basketball Federation of India.
Target Rating Point (TRP)
f
A television viewership of 92 million indicates a large viewership for Basketball in India.
I.
f
Asian Championships 54
Basketball FIBA Asian Championships
16
14
Position at each event
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1965 1967
1969
1971
1973 1975 1977
1979
1981
1983 1985 1987
1989
1991
1993 1995 1997
1999
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
2011
Position
INFERENCE: India has never won the FIBA Asian Championships. From the start of the start of the tournament India’s best result has
been 4th place in 1975. India did not participate in 1993 and 1999. Till 2003 India was in the top 10 for the tournament with exceptions
of 1985, 1991, 1995 and 1997. Unfortunately since 2005 India has not broken into the top 10 for the tournament. Domestic
Performances 55
f
54
Source: Basketball Federation of India, Ernst & Young research
55
http://indiabasketball.org/results.php
Page 94 of 201
Basketball National Games (2002-2011) (Men)
3
2
Medals
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
Punjab
Services
Tamil Nadu
Uttarakhand
Gold
1
1
1
0
Silver
1
0
0
2
Bronze
1
2
0
0
0
0
INFERENCE: Over the past three National Games, Punjab has been the most consistent state in Basketball. At the 2011 National games
Punjab won the gold. Services won the gold in 2007 and bronze medals in 2002 and 2011. Punjab has historically produced athletes
more suited to Basketball because of their physical attributes, which has lead to success at the National Games.
f
Basketball National Games (2002 - 2011) (Women)
Medals
3
1
0
2
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
Chhattisgarh
Tamil Nadu
AP
Delhi
Gold
1
2
0
0
Silver
2
0
1
0
Bronze
0
1
0
1
INFERENCE: In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Tamil Nadu has been the most dominant state in women’s
basketball. The level of interest in the sport in Tamil Nadu is very high. Basketball is played a lot at school levels as well, which has
resulted in better competition within the state.
E.
Way forward
India hasn’t won an International basketball medal but the future of basketball in India is looking bright. The level of interest for the sport in the
country is high, which can be seen from TRP ratings. Efforts need to be channeled to get the right talent for the sport. The IMG-Reliance
partnership and the involvement of NBA are bound to prove beneficial for the growth of sport in the country.
Page 95 of 201
Billiards and Snooker
A. Introduction
English billiards, more popularly known as just billiards and snooker are the two most important cue sports in the world. World Confederation of
Billiards Sports (WCBS) is the International governing body for all cue sports. World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association is its
member organization responsible for governing billiards and snooker.
Billiards and Snooker Federation of India is the governing body in India for all cue sports and is affiliated to the WCBS and also to the
International Billiards and Snooker Federation, which governs non-professional snooker and English billiards around the world. India has been
a force to reckon with in world billiards competitions. An impressive assembly of great champions like Wilson Jones, Michael Ferreira, Geet
Sethi and Pankaj Advani has underlined the powerhouse status of the country.
Billiards and Snooker are not recognized as an Olympic sport. Billiards and Snooker, though recognized by the Commonwealth Games
Federation, have never been contested at the commonwealth games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
World Billiards Championship
World Snooker Championship
Mast er s
A sian Games
Nat ional Billiards and Snooker
Championship
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
► St at e Championships
► Sat e Ranking Tour nament s
► School and Club Level
Page 96 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
II.
III.
f
RG Khel Ratna Award
–
02
f
Dronacharya Award
–
03
f
Dhyanchand Award
-
03
f
Arjuna Award
-
14 56
Key Partnerships
f
ONGC 57: ONGC has been associated with billiards and snooker in India for a long time. ONGC has sponsored many national level
tournaments. ONGC has some of the top snooker players on its rolls.
f
BSA Cycles 58: BSA Cycles sponsored the first East Zone snooker championship in 2011.
f
Key Tournaments
f
f
International
f
World Billiards Championship: The World Billiards Championship has been played annually since 1980. Geet Sethi and
Pankaj Advani have won this tournament.
f
World Snooker Championship: The World Snooker Championship is one of the Triple Crown snooker events of the world. It is
an annual event.
f
Masters: It is the second longest running snooker tournament of the world after the World Championship and is also one of
the Triple Crown events.
f
Asian Games: Cue sports have been a part of Asian Games since the 1998 event. India has won 4 gold medals in billiards
and snooker at the Asian games.
Domestic:
f
National Billiards and Snooker Championship: This is the most important tournament in the country and is held annually.
f
State Billiards and Snooker Championships: Annually held tournaments to crown state champions.
f
State ranking tournaments are other important tournaments at the state level.
f
The events are held for sub junior, junior and senior level sportsperson.
56
57
ONGC, Ernst & Young research
58
BSA Cycles, Ernst & Young research
Page 97 of 201
IV.
Sport Education/courses:59
Notable Billiards/Snooker Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
Billiards & Snooker Academy, Sainandam Complex, Patia,
Bhubaneshwar
f
NA
f
NA
f
Yasin Merchant Snooker Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Cue Sports India
f
NA
f
NA
f
Megapool snooker academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Baba Billiards Academy Snooker & Pool
f
12
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
Billiards and Snooker Federation of India has 16 member state associations.
I.
f
World Billiards Championship 60
World Billiards Championship (1992-2009)( Men & Women)
4
Medals
3
2
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Champion 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1
INFERENCE: In the last 20 years, India has won the World Championship 5 times. Geet Sethi won the competition three times till the year
2000 and once in 2006. Pankaj Advani won the championship once in 2009. Anuja Thakur won the billiards championship in 2006 and
Chitra Magimairaj won in 2007 and 2008
59
60
Source: Cue Sports India, Ernst & Young research
Page 98 of 201
f
Asian Games 61
Medals
Asian Games (1998 - Till date)
3
2
1
0
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1998
2002
2006
2010
Gold
2
1
1
1
Silver
1
1
1
1
Bronze
1
1
2
1
1
INFERENCE: India has performed well at the Asian Games since 1982, winning a gold medal in each of the games. The country has seen
is a dip in the overall medal tally from 2006 to 2010.
E.
Way forward
India has been producing world class billiards and snooker players. India has excelled at the Asian games. Inclusion of Billiards and Snooker in
the Olympic and commonwealth games is bound to increase the country’s medal tally and the IOA needs to make efforts in that direction. The
sport is still concentrated to cities due to the expensive equipment. Government support is needed for this sport to percolate to the grassroots
level.
61
Source: Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 99 of 201
Boxing
A. Introduction
Boxing, also called pugilism, is a combat sport in which two people engage in a contest using only their fists. There are two forms of boxing:
amateur and professional. Amateur boxing is an Olympic and Commonwealth sport and is a common fixture in most of the major international
games - it also has its own World Championships.
Amateur boxing in India is governed by the Indian Boxing Federation affiliated to the International Boxing Association referred to as AIBA.
Though professional boxing is a major spectator sport , amateur boxing has been growing. For most fighters, an amateur career, especially at
the Olympics, serves to develop skills and gain experience in preparation for a professional career. Cuba is the dominant force in amateur
boxing.
Amateur boxing is on the rise in India with Indian boxers winning medals at international events. India snagged its first boxing medal at the
2008 Beijing Olympics.
B.
There are three levels of squads internationally represent India. These include – Sub junior, Junior and Senior. The final squad at all levels is
selected through the below mentioned tournaments:
Levels
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
Commonwealt h Games
Asian games
Wor ld Amat eur Boxing
Championships
► Nat ional Games
► All India Boxing Tournament
► Zonal Men Boxing Champ
► Zonal Women Boxing Champ
► Int er zonal t our nament s
► St at e Championship
► St at e zonal t our nament s
PYKKA scheme
Page 100 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
III.
Government Support
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Hockey is one of twenty
f
f
RG Khel Ratna Award
–
02
f
Dhyan Chand Award
–
02
f
Dronacharya Award
–
08
f
Arjuna Award
-
32 62
Key Partnerships
f
Sahara 63 India: Sahara Pariwar backs 30 boxers in consultation with the Boxing federation. Sahara aims to improve the available
infrastructure and equipment in order to train the athletes better for the Commonwealth Games and the London 2012 Olympic
Games.
f
Nimbus sports 64: Nimbus sports have won the rights to telecast AIBA World Championships in India.
f
Monet Steel Group 65: Signed a $ 1 million deal with boxers as kit sponsors following their performances at the Commonwealth
Games
f
Percept Sports Management 66: signed some notable Indian boxers for a 3 year endorsement deal.
f
Key Tournaments
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Boxing has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since its introduction to the program at the
1904 Summer Olympics, except for the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm. The 2008 Summer Olympics was the final
games with boxing as a male only event. Beginning with the 2012 Summer Olympics, women's boxing will be included in
the program.
f
Commonwealth Games: Boxing is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It is a core sport
and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the Games. India won 3 gold medals at 2010
commonwealth games.
f
Asian Games: Boxing has been contested at every Asian Games since its introduction to the program at the 1954 Asian
Games. India won 2 gols medals at the 2010 Asian games.
f
World Amateur Boxing Championships: The World Amateur Boxing Championships is a biennial amateur boxing
competition organized by the International Boxing Association (AIBA), which is the sport governing body. Alongside the
Olympic boxing programme, it is the highest level of competition for the sport. The championships were first held in 1974
62
63
Total Sports Asia, Ernst & Young research
64
65
Live Mint, Ernst & Young research
66
Live Mint, Ernst & Young research
Page 101 of 201
Havana, Cuba as a men's only event and the first women's championships was held over a quarter of a century later in
2001. The men's and women's competitions are held separately and since 2006 the biennial championships have been
held in alternating years.
f
IV.
Domestic:
f
f
National level tournaments like the All India Boxing Tournament and other senior, junior, sub junior national tournaments.
f
State championships and zonal level tournaments.
Hockey Courses in India (boxing taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
NS NIS (Patiala and
1. MSc in Sports
Bangalore)
Duration
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
2 years
Mandatory requirement should be a Diploma in
sports Coaching
f
Coaching
1 year
reviewed
sports coaching
6 weeks
f
NA
NA
f
1 Year
f
1 Year
f
4 years (last year
technical interview
specialized sport)
1 Year
Sports Coaching
Lakshmibai National
Education, Gwalior
Coaching
2. PGD in Sports
Coaching
3. BPEd
4. MSc in Sports
f
Coaching
technical interview
Diploma in Sports Coaching is mandatory
Lakshmibai National
1. BPEd
f
College of Physical
3 years
technical interview
Education (LNCPE),
Kariavattom,
2. MPEd
Thiruvananthapuram
f
2 year
technical interview
f
Other notable Boxing Academies in India
Name
f
67
Bhiwani Boxing Club, Bhiwani, Haryana
Intake
Details
f
f
NA
NA
Page 102 of 201
V.
f
Y.B.C.A., Allahabad
f
NA
f
NA
f
Knights Boxing Club, Maharashta
f
NA
f
NA
f
Murtaza Muhib, Assam
f
NA
f
NA
f
Talkatora Stadium, New Delhi
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
400
f
NA
f
Balewadi Stadium Complex
f
NA
f
NA
f
Tokus Boxing Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
IG Stadium
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
40
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
31 member state/UT associations are affiliated to the Indian Boxing Federation.
Indian Boxing made an impression on the World Stage at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Since then, there has been a considerable effort made by
the government to train boxers for the Commonwealth Games and London 2012. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number
of medals won (in all forms of international tournaments) in past 3 years. With an investment of INR 12.92 Crore during the period of 2008 –
2011 India has won over 15 medals.
Boxing spending corresponding to medals won
16
15
Medals won
6
4
10
3
2
5
0
5
Spending in Cr.
20
1
1
2008-2009
0
0
2009-2010
Spending (` Cr.)
2010-2011
Medals Won
Medals won by Year
Indian Boxing has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the Commonwealth Games as well as the
London Olympics. Vijender Singh is the country’s podium hope for the London 2012 Olympics. The funding has borne fruit with more podium
performances in the year 2010-2011.There needs to be constant funding in order to further increase the chances of winning medals in the next
few years.
I.
f
68
Olympic Games 68
Page 103 of 201
Olympic Games Medals
4
Medals
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
2008
Gold
0
Silver
0
Bronze
1
INFERENCE: India’s first medal at the Olympics in Boxing was won by Vijender Singh at the Beijing 2008 Olympics. Since then, there has
been a constant effort taken with sponsorships and initiatives to boost Boxing. At the London 2012, India will be hopeful of getting
another medal. London 2012 will be the first Olympics to host women’s Boxing.
f
Asian Games 69
6
Asian Games
5
5
4
Medals
4
3
3
2
2
1
0
11 1
000 0
0
2
11
0
1
0 0
4
3
2
11
4
0
3
2 2
2
1
1
0
00
1 1
00
0
000 00
1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010
Gold
Silver
Bronze
2 per. Mov. Avg. (Gold)
2 per. Mov. Avg. (Silver)
2 per. Mov. Avg. (Bronze)
INFERENCE: India has historically done well at Boxing in the Asian Games. India’s medal tally was low at the 1990 Asian Games with
only one Bronze. Since the 2006 Doha edition Boxing performances have been good. India won 2 gold’s, 3 silver’s and 4 bronzes in the
lastest edition of the Asian Games.
69
Page 104 of 201
f
Commonwealth Games (1974-2010)
5
4
4
3
Medals
3
22
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
00
000
1
00
1
1
00
0
1
1
1
0
0
1974 1978 1982 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010
Gold
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
Silver
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
2
0
Bronze
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
2
4
INFERENCE: Till the 1998 India had not been able to post a gold medal at the Commonwealth Games. India’s first gold came at the
2002 Commonwealth Games. India, since 2002, has won the gold at every edition of the Commonwealth Games. Post the Beijing 2008
Olympics India’s efforts have borne fruit and at the Commonwealth Games where India amassed a total of 7 medals. India’s tally of 3
gold medals is an improvement from the Melbourne Commonwealth Games in 2006.
II.
Domestic Performances 71
f
BoxingNational Games (2011) (Men)
5
4
Medals
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
Haryana
Jharkhand
Delhi
Gold
4
2
1
Silver
0
1
0
Bronze
3
1
2
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Haryana has been the most dominant state in men’s boxing. Olympians and
Commonwealth Games athletes represent the Haryana State team. This is attributed to the states interest in the sport as well as the
quality of academies in the region.
f
70
71
http://www.indiaboxing.in/championshiplist.php?champtype=National%20Games
Page 105 of 201
Boxing National Games (2011) (Women)
6
5
5
Medals
4
3
2
3
2
2
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
Jharkhand
Haryana
Manipur
Gold
5
3
2
Silver
2
3
0
Bronze
0
1
0
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Jharkhand has been the most dominant state in women’s boxing. The region
boasts women with interest in sport and competition.
E.
Way forward
Boxing has been on the rise in India since the 2008, Beijing Olympics. Athletes such as Vijender Singh will be hoping for more success at the
London 2012 Olympics. Corporates are taking an interest in boxing. The small town of Bhiwani has emerged as the boxing powerhouse of India.
The public interest in boxing is only increasing. Boxing can only go forward but it would require greater support from the government.
Page 106 of 201
Chess
A. Introduction
Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is
one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in
tournaments.
Chess is a recognized sport of the International Olympic Committee, and international chess competition is sanctioned by the FIDE (Fédération
Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation). There are also many chess variants that have different rules, different pieces, and
different boards.
The All India Chess Federation (AICF) is the recognised body for the game of chess in India. Founded in 1951, the federation is affiliated to
Fédération Internationale des Échecs, (FIDE). India has produced champions like Vishwanathan Anand, Manuel Aaron, Dibyendu Barua ,
Parimarjan Negi,Humpy Koneru. India has 18 chess grandmasters (GM).
B.
Being an individual sport, there is no selection of a national squad. National squads participate at the Chess Olympiads. Individuals therefore
participate in the below mentioned tournaments:
Levels
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
World Championships
World Chess Championships
Chess Olympiads
World Rapid Championships
World Junior Championships
Asian Championships
Candidat es Tournament s
► Nat ional Tournament s and Chess Olympiads
State
► Sub –Junior Championships
► U-7/ 13/ 15 Dist rict and School Tournament s
District
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
II.
72
f
RG Khel Ratna Award
–
01
f
Dronacharya Award
–
03
f
Arjuna Award
-
15 72
Key Tournaments
Page 107 of 201
f
III.
International
f
World Chess Championships
f
World Championships
f
World Rapid Championships
f
World Junior Championships
f
Candidates Tournaments
f
Chess Olympiads
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
IV.
All India Chess Federation has 32 state associations affiliated to it. Additionally, there are 11 more special members
associated to High Impact. These include - Indian Railways, Delhi Development Authority, All India Universities and Services
Sports Control Board etc. 73
Notable Chess Academies in India
Name
Intake
Details
f
Genius Chess Academy
f
200
f
NA
f
Indian Chess School
f
NA
f
NA
f
Amity Chess Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Alekhine Chess Club
f
NA
f
NA
f
Goodriche National Chess Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Euwe Chess Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Matrix Chess Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Pinnacle Chess Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
MBM Chess Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Fischer Chess Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Prabodhan Kridabhvan
f
NA
f
NA
D. Way forward
In India, the culture of chess as a sport is on the rise. Many schools enter tournaments at district levels in order to expose chess players to
competition at an early age. With the dominance of Viswanathan Anand in men’s chess, there will be interest in sport. Currently India has 18
grandmasters and this number is likely to rise in the near future.
73
As mentioned on the Chess Federation of India website
74
Page 108 of 201
Cricket
A. Introduction
Cricket is the most popular sport in India. It was introduced by the British in India and began as a sport played by the upper class. Today,
Cricket has spread to all parts of the country. However, cricket is not a popular sport worldwide with only 10 countries having been awarded full
member status by the game’s governing body, the International Cricket Council.
Cricket in India is governed by the Board of Control for Cricket in India which is an autonomous body. It is the richest cricket board in the world.
One of the reasons for cricket’s popularity in India is due to Indian cricket team’s performance. Cricket’s popularity has increased year on due
to the media coverage as well as the number of sponsors willing to be associated with the sport.
Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include pitch curator, grounds-man.
B.
The selection of the Indian cricket team is done through the following levels:
Levels
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
ICC Test Championship
ICC Cricket World Cup
ICC World T20
Asia Cup
Ot her int ernat ional cricket
mat ches
► Duleep Trophy
► Deodhar Trophy
► Indian Premier League
► Ranji Trophy
► Vijay Hazare Trophy
► Int er Dist rict Tournament s
Page 109 of 201
C.
Currentt status
I.
II.
Goovernment Suppoort
f
The Indian Government providded a tax exempttion of Rs. 45 croore to the Internattional Cricket Couuncil for staging the
t world cup in
India.
f
Similar tax exxemption had beeen provided at thhe time of the ICC
C Champions Tropphy in 2006.
f
The governm
ment awards athleetes as well as theeir coaching stafff for achievementts in the sport. Till date the governnment has
R G Khhel Ratna
–
02
2
f
Dronaacharya Award
–
04
4
f
Arjunaa Award
-
43
3 75
Keey Partnerships
f
III.
f
Sahara Indiaa 76:
f
Saharra India has had sponsorship
s
rightts for the Indian men’s
m
team sincee 2001.The groupp in 2010, re-seccured the
sponssorship rights till December
D
31, 20
013. Sahara bagged the rights forr 3.3 crore (US$
$726,000) per match.
m
f
Saharra also sponsors the
t India women’’s team as well.
f
Saharra owns the Pune Warriors IPL team
m.
f
Nimbus sporrts 77: has the excclusive broadcastt rights for all Inteernational and doomestic cricket pllayed in India from 2006-2014.
f
7 : has been a ma
Hero Honda 78
ajor sponsor throough most events held in the country.
f
Reliance, Deeccan Chronicle, EMAAR 79: are biig sponsors for thhe Indian cricket circuit.
c
Each of thhese companies own
o IPL franchisees
for Mumbai, Hyderabad and Delhi
D
respectivelyy.
f
Nike 80: Nike is the official apparel sponsors foor the Indian crickket team. ‘Bleed Blue’ was the offficial Nike taglinee for the Indian
Team at the 2011
2
Cricket Woorld Cup
f
SONY-WSG 81: Sony-WSG connsortium owns thee broadcast rightts of IPL.
f
Indian Oil Spports Scholarshipps 82: The objectivve of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholaarships to promissing young playerrs
with a view too encourage talent and create a pool
p of sportsperssons from whom to
t select sport apppointees to the Corporation.
C
Keey Tournaments
f
International
f
ICC Crricket World Cup:: It is the premierr one day internattional tournamennt for men’s and w
women’s team. Thhe men’s
tournaament is the world's fourth-largesst and fourth-mosst-viewed sporting event. Indian m
men’s team has won
w the tournameent
in 198
83 and 2011.
f
ICC World
W
T20: Startedd in 2007, it is thee international chhampionship for T20 cricket. Indiaan men’s team won
w the tournameent
in 200
07
75
http://www.olyympic.ind.in/awardd.html
76
Sahara Pariwarr, Ernst & Young ressearch
77
Nimbus Sport/ NEO cricket, Ernst & Young research
78
Hero Honda, Ernnst & Young researrch
79
IPL, Reliance, Deccan
D
and EMAAR
R, Ernst & Young ressearch
80
Nike.com, Ernstt & Young research
81
Sony WSG, Ernsst & Young researchh
82
Indian Oil Sportts Scholarships
Skill gap
g study for spoorts sector - India | Final Report
Page 110 of 20
01
f
IV.
f
ICC Test Championship: The ICC Test Championship is an international competition run by the International Cricket
Council in the sport of cricket for the 10 teams that play Test cricket. The competition is notional in the sense that it is
simply a ranking scheme overlaid on all international matches that are otherwise played as part of regular Test cricket
scheduling with no consideration of home or away status.
f
Commonwealth Games/Asian Games: Cricket was contested in the 1998 commonwealth games (ODI format). This
tournament was not considered a success.
f
Cricket (T20 format) was played for the first time in Asian games in 2010.
f
Under-19 Cricket World Cup, held every 2 years
Domestic:
f
Ranji Trophy: The Ranji Trophy is a domestic first-class cricket championship played in India between different city and state
sides, there are three teams that represent individual cities (Mumbai, Baroda and Hyderabad) and two teams based in Delhi
but with no regional affiliations (Railways and Services).
f
The Duleep Trophy: It is a domestic first-class cricket competition played in India between teams representing geographical
zones of India.
f
Indian Premier League: The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional league for Twenty20 cricket competition in India. It
is supervised by BCCI Vice President Rajeev Shukla, who serves as the league's Chairman and Commissioner. It is currently
contested by nine teams, consisting of players from around the world. According to the Annual Review of Global Sports
Salaries by sportingintelligence.com, IPL is the second highest-paid league, based on first-team salaries on a pro
rata basis.
Sport Education/courses
Institution Name
Course Name
NSNIS, Patiala, India
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
2. Certificate course
Duration
1 year
f
in sports coaching
6 weeks
schools/colleges/universities/industrial houses and
other agencies associated with sports
3. Refresher course
f
NA
f
NA
in Sports
Coaching
1. BPEd
2. M.PEd.
3. PGDSC (Post
Graduate Diploma
in Sports
Coaching)
4 years (last year
specialized sport)
1. BPE
f
f
f
4 semester degree
Proficiency test
course
f
f
f
f
f
Written test
1 Year
Written test
Proficiency test
Technical interview
3 years
interview
2. MPE
f
2 year
Page 111 of 201
Institution Name
Course Name
Selection Criteria
Duration
interview
f
3. M.Phil.
f
NA
interview
f
A candidate should have obtained MPE/MPEd (2 years’
duration) or any equivalent degree in Physical Education
from a recognized University
Other notable Cricket Academies in India
Name
f
National Cricket Academy, Bangalore
Intake
Details
f
f
NCA has accommodation facility
f
Has scholarship programs
f
World class physiotherapists
f
Access to an International stadium as a practice
NA
ground
f
RCA Academy,Jaipur
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
Karnataka Institution of Cricket
f
NA
f
NA
f
West Delhi Cricket Academy
f
600
f
NA
f
Neerja Modi Cricket Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Madan Lal Cricket Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
St. John Sports Coaching Foundation
f
NA
f
NA
f
Virender Sehwag Cricket Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
MRF Pace Foundation
f
NA
f
NA
f
National school of cricket
f
90
f
NA
f
VB Cricket Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Jaisinhma Cricket Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Mujumdar Cricket Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
JP School of Cricket
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
60
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
Page 112 of 201
V.
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations: The BCCI has 27 state association members and 3 non-playing members across five zones (viz. North Zone,
South Zone, East Zone, West Zone and Central Zone) in India.
f
Television Viewership:
f
A television viewership of 176 million indicates a large viewership for Cricket in India. Events like the IPL have increased the
interest of women in the sport as well.
I.
f
World Cup 83
5
World Cup Results (1975-2011)
4
World Cups won
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
West Indies
Australia
India
Winner
Pakistan
Runner-Up
England
Sri Lanka
India has won the World Cup two times, the first in 1983 and the second in 2011. India has been semi-finalists in two editions (1996
and 1987). In all other editions of the World Cup, India have either been knocked out different formats of the knock-out stages
f
India’s performance versus the top Test teams (Australia, South Africa, England, Sri Lanka)
f
Australia
45
40
40
42
India vs Australia
35.71
Matches played
35
30
26
25
20
15
12
15
10
14
5
5
Total
Aus won
Ind won
Australia
83
1
0
0
f
12.50
9
Draw
Tie
Ind win %
India
South Africa
International Cricket Council
Page 113 of 201
45
41.67
India vs South Africa
40
35
Matches played
30
25
20
15
15
13.33
12
7
10
5
5
2
6
5
2
0
Total
SA won
Ind won
South Africa
f
Draw
0
0
Tie
India
England
60
51
India vs England
Matches played
50
40
27.45
26
30
20
14
11
10
0
0
Total
Eng won
Ind won
England
Draw
Tie
Ind win %
India
Sri Lanka
70
India vs Sri Lanka
58.82
60
50
Matches played
f
Ind win %
40
30
20
18
22.22
17
6
10
0
Total
0
SL won
4
10
8
0
Ind won
Sri Lanka
7
Draw
0
Tie
Ind win %
India
Page 114 of 201
f
Pakistan
India vs Pakistan
33
35
Matches played
30
26
25
17
20
21.21
20
15
7
10
5
5
7.69
7
2
0
0
Total
Pak won
Ind won
Pakistan
Draw
0
Tie
Ind win %
India
The Indian Cricket team is known to be tough opponents within the country. From the above charts it is evident that the
performances at home have been dominant. India reached the No.1 rankings in tests due to their strong home form and their
ability not to lose test matches outside the country.
The alarming statistic though is the winning percentages when India plays outside of the country. Against Australia and South
Africa, India’s win percentages are a mere 12% and 13%. In the subcontinent this statistic is even lower at 7% in Pakistan and
12% in Sri Lanka, but India has managed to draw a much higher percentage of matches in the sub-continent. India only has
favorable percentages against Bangladesh and Zimbabwe.
To reach the levels of West Indian and Australian teams, India needs to be able to devise strategy and training methods to enable
them to perform better in test cricket outside the country.
II.
f
National Games
3
Ranji Trophy (2007-2012)
Position
2
2
1
1
0
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Mumbai
Winner
Delhi
UP
Baroda
Runner Up
The last two editions of the Ranji Trophy have been won by Rajasthan, with Tamil Nadu and Baroda being runners up respectively. Historically
Mumbai has dominated the Ranji trophy by winning it 39 times out of 43 appearances. Delhi has 7 out of 14 appearances.
E. Way forward
Cricket is the most mature sport in the country. With the recent achievements of the Indian cricket team and the advent of IPL, the future of
cricket in India is secured. In fact India is in a position to dictate terms in world cricket. Increased career opportunities will continue to attract
people across India to the sport.
Page 115 of 201
Cycling
A. Introduction
Bicycle racing is a competition sport which includes several categories of bicycle racing including road bicycle racing, cyclo-cross, mountain
bike racing, track cycling, BMX, bike trials, and cycle speedway. Bicycle racing is recognized as an Olympic sport.
The Union Cycliste Internationale is the world governing body for cycling and international competitive cycling events. Cycling Federation of
India is the sport’s governing body in India.
India has only won an international Cycling medal at the 1951 Asian Games.
Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include Directeurs sportif (who travel to the races and dictate racing
strategy), Soigneurs (responsible for feeding, clothing, and escorting riders), Mechanics.
B.
Page 116 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Cycling is one of twenty
f
The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in sport.
f
II.
III.
Arjuna Award
-
03 84
Key Partnerships
f
Hero Cycles 85: Hero cycles are the sponsors of the India Cyclothon 2012. The company has also sponsored the previous two editions
of the event.
f
Sports 18 86: Sport 18 is the sponsor of India Cyclothon and plan to expand it to 22 cities.
Key Tournaments
f
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Cycling has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern Olympic
movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics.
f
Commonwealth Games: Cycling is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a
Commonwealth Games sport since the second edition of the event's precursor, the 1934 British Empire Games. It is an
optional sport.
f
Asian Games: Cycling events have been contested at every Asian Games since 1951 Asian Games in New Delhi. It was not
included in 1954. India won its only cycling medals at the 1951 Asian games.
f
Tour de France: Le Tour de France is a professional annual bicycle race held in France and nearby countries. First staged in
1903, the race covers more than 3,600 kilometers and lasts three weeks. As the best known and most prestigious of cycling's
three "Grand Tours", the Tour de France attracts riders and teams from around the world.
f
UCI World Championships: The UCI world championships are annual competitions promoted by Union Cycliste Internationale
(UCI) to determine world champion cyclists. They are held in several different styles of racing, in a different country each year.
Domestic:
f
f
National Championships: National championships are held every year for senior, junior and sub junior level players.
f
India Cyclothon: India Cyclothon is a multi city event that has put the spotlight on cycling as a mass participation urban event.
84
85
Hero Cycles, Ernst & Young research
86
Sport 18, Ernst & Young research
Page 117 of 201
IV.
Cycling Courses in India (cycling taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
Selection Criteria
NS NIS (Patiala)
f
Coaching
Duration
1 year
reviewed
sports coaching
6 weeks
f
NA
NA
Sports Coaching
Other notable Cycling Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
NS NIS Patiala
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
Cycling Federation of India
f
NA
f
NA
f
Patiala University
f
100
f
NA
f
Osmania University
f
100
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
24 member state/UT associations are affiliated to the Cycling Federation of India.
f
Entities such as Railways Sports Promotion Board, Services Sports Control Board, Punjab Police, BSNL Sports and Cultural
Board
I.
Asian Games 88
Medals
f
4
3
2
1
0
Asian Games
0
1
2
1951
Gold
0
Silver
1
Bronze
2
87
88
Page 118 of 201
INFERENCE: India has not done well at International events in cycling. The Indian contingent has only won cycling medals in the 1951 Asian
Games.
II.
f
Cycling National Games (2011) (Men)
7
6
6
5
Medals
5
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
0
0
SSCB
Punjab
Haryana
Gold
5
4
3
Silver
4
6
0
Bronze
1
2
2
INFERENCE: Services and Punjab performed well at the National Games. SSCB won a total of 10 medals, including 5 gold’s, 4 silver’s
and 1 bronze whereas Punjab won 4 gold’s, 6 silvers and 2 bronze medals. As a state, Punjab performed better at the last National
Games.
f
Medals
Cycling National Games (2011) (Women)
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
5
6
5
5
4
4
2
1
0
Manipur
Kerala
Punjab
Gold
5
4
2
Silver
5
6
0
Bronze
1
4
5
INFERENCE: Manipur and Kerala performed admirably at the last National games. Manipur won 5 gold’s and silvers each followed by
Kerala which won 4 gold’s and 6 silvers. The above graph indicates interest levels in the two states for the sport.
E. Way forward
Cycling is not a popular competitive sport in India. Even though events such as the Tour de France get broadcasted in the country, there is very
little viewership for the sport even in urban cities. Although the country has facilities such as NIS Patiala, the level of cyclists is very low.
Initiatives need to be made to increase the level of interest in the sport in order to broad-base the sport at rural areas as well.
Equestrian
Page 119 of 201
A. Introduction
Equestrianism or riding refers to the skill of riding, driving, or vaulting with horses. Equestrian Sports have been a part of the Olympic Games
programme since 1912.The International Governing Body for equestrian sports is the Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI), and it is subject
to rules made by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in regards to Olympic Competition. The 1924 Olympics were the first at which
equestrian competitions were held under the authority of the FEI.
B.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
f
II.
Arjuna Award
-
09
Key Tournaments
f
III.
International
f
Olympic Games: Equestrianism made its Summer Olympics debut at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France. It has
appeared at every Summer Olympic Games programme since 1912. The current Olympic equestrian disciplines are
Dressage, Eventing, and Jumping. In each discipline, both individual and team medals are awarded
f
Asian Games: Equestrian has been an Asian Games event since 1982 in New Delhi, India. India has had success at the
Asian Games.
Notable Equestrian Sports Academies in India
Name
IV.
Intake
Details
f
Heritage Equestrian Sports Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Princess Academy of Equitation
f
NA
f
NA
f
Embassy International Riding School
f
NA
f
NA
f
Equestrian Centre for Excellence
f
30
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
Other Issues 90
f
Horses: The quality of horses is low in the country, and importing of horses is very expensive. Private riders have the financial
capability of importing their own horses and handling stables, but cannot support the Federation and Armies need for horses
f
Riders: Riders are of two types in India. Private riders and those from the Army. Private riders learn from various horse riding clubs
or have the financial capacity to import horses. These riders use horses for derby racing or for sport. The issue arising from private
riders is that most riders take up the sport to be able to apply for foreign universities and therefore do no continue the sport after
the age of 17. In case of the army, riders have to make a choice between riding and their careers. Many quality riders are lost to
careers in the Army, which is perceived to be more prestigious and stable.
f
Equipment: As a country, the sport is not developed. There is very little interest in Equestrian as a competitive sport. As it is mainly
taken up for leisure, there is no demand for quality equipment. Items required for competition therefore are unavailable and need
to be bought elsewhere or imported.
89
90
Interactions from the EFI, Ernst & Young research
Page 120 of 201
C. Our success so far
I.
f
Asian Games 91
3
Asian Games
3
2
Medals
2
1
0
Gold
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1982
1986
1998
2002
2006
3
0
0
0
0
Silver
1
0
0
0
0
Bronze
1
2
1
1
1
INFERENCE: India performed well at the 1982 Asian Games winning 3 gold medals. The main reason for the reduced medal tally since is
the country has reduced the number of disciplines it participates after the 1982 event.
D. Way forward
Equestrian in the country is either a niche or an Army based sport. Due to the nature of the sport, there is very little interest and involvement.
There is very little media coverage for the sport which results in low interest. Successful countries hold this sport as a tradition and therefore the
involvement is very high. India needs to be able to increase the interest level in the sport and look for opportunities to market the sport better.
91
Page 121 of 201
Football
A. Introduction
Football is the most popular sport in the world. Countries from South America and Europe are the dominant powers in football.
The All India Football Federation is the sport’s governing body in India and is affiliated to The Fédération Internationale de
Football Association (FIFA), the sport’s international governing body. Football is one of India's most popular sports. It is a very
popular sport in states like West Bengal, Goa, Kerala and the entire North-East India, especially Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram
and Sikkim.
India has had a rich football history. Clubs like Mohun Bagan exist since the pre independence era.
India has won 2 Asian games football gold medals. Currently India is ranked 158th in the world 92. Baichung Bhutia is the most
famous Indian footballer.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
FIFA Wor ld Cup
A FC A sia Cup
Oly mpic Games
A sian Games
Nehr u Cup
Nat ional Games
► Zonal t our nament s
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
► Sant osh Tr ophy
► I-League
► Subr ot o Cup
► Int er school t our nament s
► Tour nament s or ganized under t he
PYKKA scheme
92
AIFF website, Ernst & Young research
Page 122 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
III.
Government Support
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Football is one of twenty
f
The government awards athletes as well as their coaching staff for achievements in sport.
f
Dronacharya Award
–
01
f
Arjuna Award
-
22
Key Partnerships
f
IMG-Reliance: 93 IMG Reliance, acquired all the commercial rights to football in India. The 15-year agreement worth 150 million
with AIFF grants IMG Reliance all commercial rights to football in India, including sponsorship, advertising, broadcasting,
merchandising, film, video and data, intellectual property, franchising and new league rights.
f
Zee Sports (Ten Action): signed a 70$ million dollar broadcasting rights deal for all Indian national team football matches as well
as coverage for domestic leagues
f
ONGC 94: ONGC were the sponsors of the Nehru Cup in 2007 and 2009. ONGC was instrumental in reviving the tournament.
f
Nike: Nike is the official apparel producer for the Indian National team kit. It also sponsors many school level tournaments.
f
Panasonic: are joint apparel sponsors for the National team
f
Liverpool Football Club 95: Plan to open sports schools in cities with international level facilities. This academy will admit children
from the age of 8 onwards.
f
Manchester United Football Club 96: Plan to open sports schools in the country and also continue its marketing and product
distribution.
f
Key Tournaments
f
International
f
FIFA World Cup: Held every four years, the FIFA World Cup is the most watched sporting event in the world. The FIFA
Women’s world cup was first held in 1991.
f
AFC Asia Cup: Run by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), It is the second oldest continental football championship in
the world after Copa América. The winning team becomes the champion of Asia and automatically qualifies for the FIFA
Confederations Cup. India were runners up in 1964.
f
Olympic Games: Football has been included in every Olympiad except 1896 and 1932 as a men's competition sport.
Women's football was added to the official programme in 1996.Teams from Asia, Africa, Oceania and North America are
allowed to field their strongest professional teams.
f
Asian games: Men's football is an Asian Games sport since the 1951 edition. Women's football competition began in
1990. Since the 2002 Asian Games, age limit for men teams is under-23 plus up to three over aged players for each squad
93
IMG-Reliance, Ernst & Young research
94
ONGC, Ernst & Young research
95
LFC, Ernst & Young research
96
MUFC, Ernst & Young research
Page 123 of 201
f
IV.
f
AFC Challenge Cup: AFC Challenge Cup, which began in 2006 is a biennial event, meant for the Asian emerging countries.
India won the tournament in 2008.
f
South Asian Federation Cup: It is biennial tournament which began in 1993. India are the current defending champions.
(India won in 1993, 1997, 1999, 2005, 2009, 2011)
f
Nehru Cup: A friendly tournament organized by the AIFF since 1982. India won the tournament in 2007 and 2009.
f
FIFA U-20 World Cup, held every 2 years
f
FIFA U-17 World Cup, held every 2 years
Domestic:
f
National Games: Football is one of the disciplines in the national games held after every two years.
f
I-League: I- League is the top tier league in the Indian football league system. It was started in 2007-08. It replaced the
National Football League which lasted for 11 seasons. It is a club level tournament.
f
Santosh Trophy: Santosh Trophy is an annual Indian football tournament which is contested by states and government
institutions
f
Mir Iqbal Hussain Trophy: is the sub junior national championship meant for selecting the U-14 national team.
f
Subroto Cup: Subroto Cup Football Tournament is an inter-school football tournament in India
f
Premier League Soccer97: is a similar format to the IPL (cricket) in India. PLS has been set up by Celebrity Management
Group in association with the AIFF. An auction for international footballers has already taken place, with the event
scheduled for end March or beginning April.
Football Courses in India (football taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
1. MSc in Sports
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
Duration
2 years
Mandatory requirement should be a Diploma in
sports Coaching
f
Coaching
1 year
reviewed
sports coaching
6 weeks
f
NA
NA
f
1 Year
f
1 Year
Sports Coaching
Coaching
2. PGD in Sports
Coaching
97
Telegraph, AIFF, Ernst & Young research
98
Page 124 of 201
Football Courses in India (football taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
3. BPEd
4. M.PEd.
5. M.Sc. in Sports
Coaching
1. BPEd
Selection Criteria
Duration
f
f
f
4 years (last year
Proficiency test
specialized sport)
f
f
f
4 semester degree
Proficiency test
course
f
f
Written test
f
Written test
Written test
4 semesters
Interview
3 years
technical interview
2. MPEd
f
2 year
technical interview
Other notable Football Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
Mohun Bagan SAIL Football Academy
f
54
f
NA
f
Tata Football Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
North Calcutta Football Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
IFA CSF Football Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Salgaocar Football Club
f
NA
f
NA
f
East Bengal Football School of Excellence (Kingfisher East Bengal FC)
f
NA
f
NA
f
Delhi United Football Club
f
NA
f
NA
f
Dempo Football Club
f
NA
f
NA
f
Sporting Clube De Goa
f
NA
f
NA
f
Mumbai FC
f
NA
f
NA
f
Pune FC
f
NA
f
NA
f
Shillong Lajong FC
f
NA
f
NA
f
Chirag United Kerala
f
NA
f
NA
f
Pailan Arrows CF
f
NA
f
NA
f
Premier Indian Football Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
60
f
NA
f
Bhaichung Bhutia Football School
f
NA
f
NA
f
Sesa Football Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Conscient Football
f
NA
f
NA
Sport Outreach
Page 125 of 201
f
f
Member Associations
f
The AIFF has 35 member associations. Of this 33 are state and UT associations
f
Other members include Railways Sport Promotion board, Services Sports Control board
f
A television viewership of 155 million indicates a large viewership for Cricket in India. International football events such as
the World Cup, European Cup and the Copa America are watched extensively. The popularity of European league football
has increased over the years in India.
I.
f
Asian Games 99
Asian Games
Medals
4
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1951
1962
1970
Gold
1
1
0
Silver
0
0
0
Bronze
0
0
1
INFERENCE: From the graph above one can infer that India won gold at the Asian Games on two occasions and won a bronze in another.
Unfortunately for India, the rest of Asia has managed to perform at higher levels. Countries such as Iran, Japan, South Korea and North
Korea have dominated Asian football.
99
Source: Indian, Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 126 of 201
f
SAFF Cup 100
3
South Asian Football Federation Cup (1993- TIll date)
Position
2
1
0
1993
1995
Winner
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2008
1
0
1
1
0
Runner-up
0
1
0
0
0
Third
0
0
0
0
0
1
2009
2011
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
INFERENCE: India has performed well at the SAFF Cup since its inception in 1993 winning the event 6 times. India is the defending
champions at this event that is help biennially.
II.
f
Santosh Trophy
Medals
Santosh Trophy(2008-2011)
2
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
West Bengal
Goa
Punjab
Manipur
2
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
INFERENCE: The Santosh trophy has been won by West Bengal two times in the last 3 year. West Bengal have always done well at
Domestic games due to the high concentration of football clubs and events that happen in the country. West Bengal has known to host
many football events which is why the interest in the sport is extremely high.
f
Football National Games (Men)
Medals
4
3
2
1
0
100
3
2
2
0
1
2 2
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
1
2
0
Punjab
Kerala
West
Bengal
Assam
Maharas
tra
Goa
Gold
3
2
2
1
1
0
Silver
2
1
2
1
0
2
Bronze
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
Source: AIFF, Ernst & Young research
Page 127 of 201
INFERENCE: Punjab has won the most amounts of National gold medals (3). At the last two National games, Assam and West Bengal won
the gold respectively. West Bengal and Punjab have amassed the maximum number of top 3 finishes with five each.
f
Football National Games (2011) (Women)
Medals
2
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Orissa
Manipur
West Bengal
Gold
1
0
0
Silver
0
1
0
Bronze
0
0
1
INFERENCE: Orissa won the 2011 National Games by beating manipur to win the gold medal. West Bengal won the third place play off.
E. Way forward
Football in India is on the rise. Exposure to European football leagues has increased interest in the sport. Football events from all over the world
are shown in the country. European powerhouses such as Bayern Munich, Liverpool Football Club and Manchester United have made inroads
with visits, marketing deals and football schools. This will increase the basic level of exposure to modern techniques, foreign trainers and
international football values. The involvement of IMG-Reliance will benefit the growth of football in India. The sport has the potential to become
an Asian powerhouse, and efforts such as Vision India that aims to increase infrastructure, administrative effectiveness and sports science
facilities will benefit the country in the long run.
Page 128 of 201
Golf
A. Introduction
Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which competing players (or golfers) use different types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a
golf course using the fewest number of strokes.
It is one of the few ball games that does not require a standardized playing area. Instead, the game is played on golf "courses", each of which
features a unique design, although courses typically consist of either nine or 18 holes.
Golfers are of two types. As beginners, a golfer starts as an Amateur. There are certain rules and conditions that allow a golfer to be deemed a
Professional.
Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI), the controlling body for professional golf in India, was formed in September of 2006. PGTI is looking to
further strengthen its partnerships with public and private stakeholders, and remains committed to taking the sport of golf to the masses and
across the country. India’s leading golfers who have made a mark at the international tours are Jeev Milkha Singh, Arjun Atwal, Jyoti Randhawa
and Smriti Mehra.
Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include grounds-man and caddie.
B.
There are three levels of squads internationally represent India. These include – Gentlemen, Junior Boys and Ladies and Girls:
Levels
Tournaments
Professional
►
►
►
►
►
►
Men’s and Women’s Majors
Seniors Tour
PGA Tour
LPGA Tour
Asian Tour
European Tour
International
►
►
►
►
Ryder’s Cup
President s Cup
Olympics
Asian Games
►
►
►
►
►
►
PGA India Tour Tournament s
Amby Valley PGA I Tour
Hero Honda Golf Tour
Wills Spor t Golf Tour
Volvo Challenge
Av ant ha Mast ers
►
►
►
►
►
Zone Qualifiers
Int er St at e championships
Boys ( A&B)
Girls (A &B)
Nat ional Int er School Golf Tr ophy
International *
Team
National
Professional
National
Amateur
Page 129 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
f
II.
III.
Arjuna Award
-
04
Key Partnerships
f
Incredible India 101: India wishes to develop sports tourism through golf. Incredible India has partnered with the Professional Golf
Tour of India as they recognize this potential to develop Golf as a niche tourism product for attracting both International and
domestic tourists. The Ministry of Tourism has organized workshops on “Promotion of Golf Tourism”. The objective of this workshop
is to evolve a road map for formulating strategies for development and promotion of golf tourism in India.
f
Ten Golf 102: The PGTI has signed a three-year exclusive partnership with Ten Golf, a channel solely dedicated to broadcasting of
golf tournaments sanctioned by the PGTI within and outside the country from 2012-2014.
f
Hero Honda 103: have the naming rights for one of the largest national golf tournaments played at the Delhi Golf Course every year.
f
Rolex 104: Rolex awards recognition and prize money for the ‘Golfer of the Year’ who has achieved the best results on tour in India.
f
Volvo Auto India 105: The Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI) signed a strategic partnership agreement with Volvo Auto India
which will be a three-year association starting this year. Volvo will host the first ‘Volvo World Golf Challenge’ later this year
f
Avantha 106: Has the naming rights and partnerships with the PGTI for tournaments in India. Most notably at the DLF Golf Club in
Gurgaon as the ‘Avantha Masters’. The objective is to promote professional golf in the country by conducting prize money
tournaments through sponsorships as well as giving players an opportunity to be involved in decision making in all aspects of the
game.
Key Tournaments
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Golf was featured in the Summer Olympic Games official programme in 1900 and 1904. At the IOC
session in Copenhagen in October 2009, the IOC decided to reinstate this event for the 2016 Summer Olympics.[1][2] The
event will feature professional golfers, many of whom have expressed interest in having golf brought back as an Olympic
sport.
f
Asian Games: Golf was an event at the Asian Games for the first time in 1982, when the games were held in New Delhi,
India. India has won 5 medals at the Asian Games (3 gold’s and 2 silver’s)
f
Majors: The major golf championships, commonly known as the Major Championships, are the four most prestigious annual
tournaments in professional golf. The current majors are – Masters Augusta, U.S Open Championship, The Open
Championship and the PGA Championship
f
Ryder Cup: The Ryder Cup is a biennial golf competition between teams from Europe and the United States. The
competition is jointly administered by the PGA of America and the PGA European Tour. The venue alternates between
courses in the United States and Europe.
f
PGA Tour: The PGA Tour is the organizer of the main men's professional golf tours in the United States and North America. It
organizes events under the flagship tournament of the PGA Tour, as well as the Champions Tour (seniors) and the
Nationwide Tour (for professional players who have not yet qualified to play in the PGA Tour).
101
Professional Golf Tour of India, Ernst & Young research
102
103
Delhi Golf Course, Professional Golf Tour of India, Ernst & Young research
104
105
Volvo Auto India and Professional Golf Tour of India, Ernst & Young research
106
Avantha, Ernst & Young research
Page 130 of 201
f
f
LPGA Tour: The LPGA, in full the Ladies Professional Golf Association, is an American organization for female professional
golfers
f
Asian Tour: The Asian Tour is the principal men's professional golf tour in Asia except for Japan. The Asian Tour is
administered from Singapore.
f
European Tour: is an organization which operates the three leading men's professional golf tours in Europe: the elite
European Tour, the European Seniors Tour and the developmental Challenge Tour. Its headquarters are at Wentworth Club
in Virginia Water, Surrey, England.
Domestic:
The details of some of the tournaments have been provided hereunder:
IV.
f
PGA India Tour: The Professional Golf Tour of India (PGTI) is a professional golf tour for men in India. The PGTI serves as a
feeder tour for higher level tours such as the Asian Tour.
f
Aamby Valley: The Amby Valley PGAI Tour is held annually at the Aamby Valley Golf Course, outside of Pune.
f
Hero Honda India Open: Hero Honda took over sponsorship of this event in the year 2005. The Hero Indian Open is a golf
tournament on the Asian Tour that has been held for several years at the Delhi Golf Club.
f
Wills Sport:
f
Volvo World Golf Challenge: is a prestigious and innovative golf tournament for customers and prospective clients. Every
year, more than 50,000 club golfers from in excess of 25 countries take part in this challenge. National winners meet up for
the World Final get to take part in the challenge and get the chance to play with The Pros.
f
Avantha Masters: is a professional golf tournament co-sanctioned by the European Tour, Asian Tour and the Professional
Golf Tour of India.
f
Other national tournaments include events such as the Maharashtra Cup and Tamil Nadu Cup
Notable Golf Academies in India
Name
Intake
Details
f
National Golf Academy of India
f
250
f
NA
f
Dlf Golf and country club
f
NA
f
NA
f
Pro Golf Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Cambay Golf Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Chimmy's Golf Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
My Golf Commune Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Karnataka Golf Association
f
NA
f
NA
I.
f
Asian Games 108
107
108
Source: Indian Olympic Association ,Ernst & Young research
Page 131 of 201
3
2
Asian Games
2
Medals
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
Gold
1982
0
2002
Silver
0
0
0
2006
0
0
Bronze
2010
Linear (Bronze)
INFERENCE: India won 2 gold’s at the Asian Games when golf was introduced to the programme. Since then Indian golfers have not
been able to reach those initial heights. The Asian Games have recently been dominated by golfers from South Korea, Chinese Taipei and
Phillipines.
E.
Way forward
Indian golfers have not been able to reach the heights that there European and American counterparts have. There are very few Indians who
have turned professional to play at the PGA and European tours. Efforts have been made to increase golf tourism in the country, with lots of
private partnerships for tournaments in the past few years. Unfortunately, the nature of the sport restricts the playing pool to the elite few
therefore broad-basing the sport is always a concern. There are more golf courses being created in the country and the interest levels are on the
rise even in metro cities. India has the potential to produce international level golfers.
Page 132 of 201
Field Hockey
A. Introduction
Field hockey is a popular sport for men and women in many countries around the world. The hockey teams of India and Pakistan have
dominated men's hockey until the early 1980's, winning four of the first five world cups. However, the prominence for sport in India and
Pakistan has declined with Netherlands, Germany and Australia gaining importance in the late 1980s.
In India, Field Hockey is the ‘National Sport’ for country administrated by Hockey India, which is the new apex body for the sport. Hockey India
has the sole mandate to govern and conduct all activities for both men and women hockey in India. The association is affiliated to the
International Hockey Federation (FIH), the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) and Asian Hockey Federation (AHF).
Globally Hockey is a popular sport played by 74 men teams and 62 women teams. Some of the distinguished countries playing the sport
include – Australia, Argentina, England, Germany, India, Korea, Pakistan, Netherlands and Spain.
B.
There are three levels of squads internationally represent India. These include – Sub junior, Junior and Senior. The final squad at all levels is of
18 sportsperson which is selected through the below mentioned tournaments:
Levels
Zonal
State
District
Block/Village
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
World Cup
Commonwealt h Games
Asian Games
Asia cup
Champions Trophy
Sult an Azlan Shah Cup
► World Series Hockey(WSH)
► Senior Nat ional Hockey Tournament
Sub-junior/ Junior/ Senior Tournament s
► 30 St at e and Domest ic Tournament s
► Sub-junior/ Junior/ Senior Tournament s
► Junior Nat ional Hockey Tournament
► Sub-junior Nat ional Tournament s
► Dr. B.R Ambedkar All India Hockey Tournament
► Tournament s under ‘Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel
Abhiyan’(PYKKA)
Page 133 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
III.
Government Support
f
Scheme for Field of Play development: MoYAS has been in running this scheme for the last ten years. The objective of this scheme
is to make available facilities for practice and training for Hockey. Since the commencement of the Scheme, 9 synthetic athletic
tracks, and 15 hockey surfaces have been sanctioned grants and these either stand installed or are in the process of installation.
Under the scheme, for laying a synthetic hockey surface, the grant provided is Rs 1 Crore.
f
f
Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women and Promotion of Sports and Games in Schools also emphasize on development
of hockey in the country.
f
f
RG Khel Ratna Award
–
01
f
Dhyan Chand Award
–
08
f
Dronacharya Award
–
04
f
Arjuna Award
-
77
Key Partnerships
f
Sahara India: will financially back India men’s and women’s hockey teams at all levels. They have signed a five year contract as the
main apparel sponsor for Hockey India, starting with the Olympic qualifiers in February, 2012 109.
f
Nimbus sports: have looked to invest approximately Rs 100 Crore on a 35 day tournament (World Series Hockey). It is providing
IHF an annual fee of Rs 30 Crore or a share of the league’s profits, whichever is higher.
f
Hero Motor Corp: have the naming rights for India’s hockey campaign for the qualifiers in February which is called ‘Hero FIH Road
to London, Delhi 2012’.
f
Bridgestone 110: has won the naming rights for the upcoming World Series Hockey tournament.
f
Shree Cement 111: had sponsored hockey sticks for 7 players during the World Cup in 2010.
f
f
Some of the companies associated with various hockey tournaments over the years include - NDTV, Dainik Bhaskar and Neo
sports.
Key Tournaments
f
International
f
Olympic Games: The game was introduced at the Summer Olympic Games, London in 1908. Soon, India and Pakistan
became a popular name in the Olympics, with either India or Pakistan winning men's gold medal in every Olympic from
1928 to 1968. The first women's Olympic hockey competition was held at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
f
Hockey World Cup: This tournament is organized by the International Hockey Federation (FIH). It first started in 1971 and is
held every four years, bridging the four years between the Summer Olympics. The Women's Hockey World Cup, has been
held since 1974 and was organized by the International Federation of Women's Hockey Associations.
109
110
World Series Hockey, Bridgestone, Ernst & Young research
111
Shree Cement. Ernst & Young research
Page 134 of 201
f
f
Commonwealth Games: Field hockey became a permanent sport in the Commonwealth Games with its introduction in 1998
Games in Kuala Lumpur. India’s best result was a Silver medal in 2010.
f
Asian Games: The event is held every four years for athletes in Asia. The Games were regulated by the Asian Games
Federation (AGF) from the first Games till the 1978 Games. Since 1982 they have been organized by the Olympic Council of
Asia (OCA). The Games are recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and are described as the second
largest multi-sport event after the Olympic Games.
f
Asia Cup: The Asia Cup is an international men's and women's field hockey tournament governed by the Asian Hockey
Federation (ASHF). It was introduced in 1982 for men's competition and the women's competition was first held in 1985.
f
Champions Trophy: It features the top 6 teams for competing in a round robin format. This tournament has been an annual
affair since 1980 for men and since 1987 for women.
f
Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Tournament: An annual international men's field hockey tournament held in Malaysia. India has
5 titles, the last coming in 2010.
Domestic:
Within the country, there are 36 domestic competitions at the Senior, Junior and Sub-Junior levels. The details of some of these
tournaments have been provided hereunder:
IV.
f
World Series Hockey: It is the domestic hockey league in India. This tournament has clubs from eight cities which will
participate in the first season in 2011–12. The tournament will see participation from 200 national and international
players.
f
Senior National Hockey Tournament: This tournament is a state representation competition. All senior category teams from
States get represented an the winners are called National champions
f
30 State Competitions: Some of the notable competitions include All India Chattrapati Shivaji Hockey Tournament, The
Agha Khan Tournament and the Kodava Hockey Festival
f
3 Junior level tournaments: Junior National Hockey Tournament, Sub-junior National Hockey Tournament and the Dr. B.R.
Ambedkar All India Hockey Tournament.
Hockey Courses in India (hockey taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
1. MSc in Sports
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
sports coaching
2 years
requirement should be a Diploma in sports Coaching
f
Coaching
Written test followed by a technical interview. Mandatory
Duration
1 year
Six weeks
f
NA
NA
f
1 Year
f
1 Year
Sports Coaching
Coaching
2. PGD in Sports
Coaching
112
Page 135 of 201
Hockey Courses in India (hockey taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
Selection Criteria
f
3. BPEd
4. MSc in Sports
f
Coaching
4 years (last year
interview
specialized sport)
1 Year
interview
f
Duration
f
1. BPEd
Diploma in Sports Coaching is mandatory
3 years
interview
f
2. MPEd
2 year
interview
f
Other notable Hockey Academies in India
Name
Intake
Details
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
SAIL Hockey Academy
f
NA
f
f
f
32 cadets chosen every year, on full scholarships
Training provided by trained professionals for 36 hours a week
Tournaments and Summer camps are also conducted
f
Jai Bharat Hockey Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Jude Felix Hockey Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
100
f
NA
f
Hockey Academy, Jhalandar
f
NA
f
f
60 talented boys are selected
f
f
f
Initiated by Dhanraj Pillai and Ashish Ballal
f
Dhanraj Ballal Hockey Academy,
Karnatakah
f
NA
Fully sponsored other than food, which is at Rs.120 per day
28 trainees in the 16-21 age group are trained free of cost
Training provided for 5 hours a day
Page 136 of 201
V.
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
f
Hockey has a pan India coverage with every state/UT having a member association for the sport. Additionally, there are 4
more members associated to High Impact. These include - Indian Railways, Air India sports, All India Universities and
Services Sports Control Board. 113
f
A TRP rating of 91 million114 indicated the large viewership for Hockey in India. With events such as ‘WSH’ being
broadcasted in February, TRP ratings are set to increase further.
Over the years Indian Hockey has made the country proud through it’s excellent on-field performances. This may be indicated with the amount
spent and the number of medals won (in all forms of international hockey tournaments) in past 3 years. An investment of INR 28.51 Crore
during the period of 2008 – 2011 India has won positions in 7 International tournaments (3 Gold; 2 Silver and 2 Bronze) 115.
6.00
14.00
Hockey spending corresponding to medals won
5.00
5
Medals won
8.00
3.00
6.00
2.00
2
Spending in Cr.
10.00
4.00
4.00
1.00
0.00
12.00
2.00
0.00
0
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
Medals won by Year
Spending (` Cr.)
Medals Won
Indian Hockey has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the Commonwealth Games as well as the
World Cup. The funding has borne fruit with more podium performances in the year 2010-2011.There needs to be constant funding in order to
further increase the chances of winning medals in the next few years. Funding for the sport needs to develop in order to have medal chances at
the London Olympics, 2012.
113
As mentioned on the Hockey India website http://www.hockeyindia.org/pdf/memorandum_hockey.pdf
114
115
Page 137 of 201
I.
f
Olympic Games 116
Hockey Olympic Medals (1925 - Till date)
4
4
3
Medals
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1925-50
1950-1975
1975-2000
2000 - Till date
Gold
4
3
1
0
Silver
0
1
0
0
Bronze
0
2
0
0
INFERENCE: India’s performance at the Olympics stage has been a cause for concern. From the chart above it can be seen that India
(British-India and post independence) dominated the Olympic games by winning 8 gold medals till 1976. Since, India has not been able
to win any medals and reached its lowest point by not qualifying for the Beijing 2008 Olympics. The results can be attributed to the
introduction of Astro-turf as well as the problems in administration within the hockey bodies in the country.
f
Asian Games 117
Hockey Asian Games Medals (1950 - Till date)
7
6
6
Medals
5
4
4
3
3
2
1
0
2
2
2
1
0
0
1950-1975
1975-2000
2000 - till date
Gold
1
2
0
Silver
4
6
2
Bronze
0
2
3
INFERENCE: Since the inception of the Asian Games India has won 3 gold medals and 10 silvers till the year 2000. Only Pakistan has
done better than India in the Asian games. What is notable is that post 2000 there has been more competition at the Asian Games. This
can be seen as India has won less silver medals and more bronze medals.
II.
116
117
Page 138 of 201
f
Hockey National Games (2002-2011) (Men)
3
2
Medals
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
Punjab
Services
Others
Gold
2
1
0
Silver
1
0
1
Bronze
0
1
1
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Punjab has been the most dominant state in men’s hockey. This is attributed to the
states interest in the sport as well as the quality of academies in the region.
f
Hockey National Games (2002-2011) (Women)
3.5
3
3
3
3
Medals
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Haryana
Jharkhand
Others
Gold
3
0
0
Silver
0
3
0
Bronze
0
0
3
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Haryana has been the most dominant state in women’s hockey. The region boasts
women with interest in sport and competition.
E. Way forward
Over the past 60 years of Indian hockey, India has seen both ends of the spectrum, from dominating the Olympics in the early years, to its
decline since the introduction of astro-turf fields. With the revamp of the administrative structure and influx of foreign coaches, the Indian
teams have responded well to international influences. This can be seen with the performances at the recent Olympic qualifiers held in February
2012. Indian hockey is on the rise once again, and with the foundation of ‘World Series Hockey’ one only sees a rise up the rankings for Indian
hockey in the near future.
Page 139 of 201
Judo
A. Introduction
Judo is a modern Japanese martial art and combat sport, which originated in Japan in the late nineteenth century. Judo has been an Olympic
sport since 1964. The women’s competition was introduces at the 1992 Olympics.
In India, Judo is governed by the Judo Federation of India and is affiliated to the International Judo Federation. India judokas won medals at the
1986 and 1994 Asian Games. Judo is also one of the disciplines in the National Games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
Commonwealt h Games
Asian Games
World Judo Championships
Nat ional Games
Nat ional Championships
Federat ion Cup
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
PYKKA scheme
Page 140 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Judo is one of twenty
f
f
II.
07
Key Tournaments
f
f
IV.
-
Key Partnerships
f
III.
Arjuna Award
International
f
Olympic Games: Judo became an Olympic sport in 1964. The women’s events were started in 1992.
f
Commonwealth Games: Judo is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has been a
Commonwealth Games sport since the 1990. It is an optional sport therefore it may not be included in the sporting
programme of each edition of the Games. It was excluded at the 2010 edition but will be included in the forthcoming 2014
Commonwealth Games at Glasgow.
f
World Judo Championships: The World Judo Championships is an annual event organized by International Judo Federation.
f
Asian Games: Judo has been an event at the Asian Games since 1986 games.
Domestic:
f
National Games: Judo is one of the sports contested at the biennial National Games.
f
National Judo Championships: These national level championships are organized for senior, junior and sub junior level
sportsperson.
f
Federation Cup: Federation Cup is a national level Judo tournament in India.
f
State level Judo championships.
Judo Courses in India (Judo taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
Duration
1 year
reviewed
sports coaching
6 weeks
f
NA
f
NA
Sports Coaching
118
Page 141 of 201
Judo Courses in India (Judo taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
1. BPEd
Selection Criteria
f
f
f
f
2. M.PEd.
Duration
4 years (last year
technical interview
specialized sport)
4 semester degree
Proficiency test
course
Written test
Other notable Judo Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
Academy of Aikido, Calcutta Judo Club
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
D.D Judo Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Bangalore Military School
f
NA
f
NA
f
CMP Centre
f
NA
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
The Indian Judo Federation has 28 member state associations and 7 member departments.
I.
f
Asian Games 119
Asian Games
5
4
Medals
4
3
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
1986
1994
Gold
0
0
Silver
0
0
Bronze
4
1
INFERENCE: India has only won medals at two editions of the Asian Games. In 1986 they won 4 bronze medals. The level of performance
has not been consistent enough, with the country only winning one medal at the 1994 edition and nothing after. This can be attributed to
the rise of other Asian nations and the stagnation of the Indian contingent.
II.
f
119
Page 142 of 201
Judo National Games (2011) (Men)
4
3
Medals
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
3
2
1
1
0
Punjab
Delhi
Haryana
Gold
3
2
2
Silver
2
2
1
Bronze
3
3
3
INFERENCE: Punjab won the maximum gold medals at the 2011 National Games. Delhi and Haryana won two gold medals each. Overall
Punjab won 8 medals followed by Delhi with 7 and Haryana with 6.
f
Judo National Games (2011) (Women)
4
Medals
3
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
3
1
1
1
Manipur
Jharkhand
UP
Gold
3
2
1
Silver
2
1
3
Bronze
3
1
1
INFERENCE: Manipur has dominated women’s Judo. In the 2011 National Games they won a total of 8 medals winning 3 gold’s.
Jharkhand won 4 medals with 2 gold.
E. Way forward
Judo has potential of becoming a highly competitive sport in the country. Judo can be introduced to people as a means of self defence. Indian
judokais have won medals at the International stage. The government needs to provide more financial support in order to increase the interest
level and integrate the sport in society.
Page 143 of 201
Kabaddi
A. Introduction
Kabaddi originated from India. India is the dominant force in Kabaddi having won all the Asian Games gold medals and world cups. Kabaddi
was included in the 1990 Asian Games for the first time.
The Amateur kabaddi Federation of India is the sport’s governing body in India and is affiliated to The International Kabaddi Federation (IKF).
Kabaddi is not recognized by the International Olympic Committee. However, efforts are being made by the IKF to get Kabaddi included in 2020
Olympic Games.
B.
Levels
State
District
Block/Village
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
Asian Games
World Cup
Nat ional Games
Nat ional Championships
PYKKA scheme
Page 144 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
III.
Government Support
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Kabaddi is one of twenty
f
Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women also emphasize on development of Kabaddi in the country.
f
f
Dhyan Chand Award
–
01
f
Dronacharya Award
–
02
f
Arjuna Award
-
26
Key Partnerships
f
Pearls Infrastructure Group 120: Title sponsors of the World Cups in 2010 and 2011.
f
Omex, Trident 121: Co sponsors of World Cup 2010.
f
PTC 122: Broadcasters of the World Cups in 2010, 2011
f
Key Tournaments
f
f
International
f
Asian Games: Kabaddi was introduced at the 1990 Asian Games. The women’s event was included for the first time in
2010.
f
South Asian Games: Kabaddi was included in the South Asaian Games for the forst time in 1984.
f
World Cup: The first kabaddi world cup for men was played in 2007. In 2010, the first circle style and third overall world cup
was held in Punjab. In the 2011 circle style world cup, women’s teams were also included. First Women’s world cup took
place in 2012.
Domestic:
f
National Games: Kabaddi is one of the disciplines in the biennial national games.
f
National Kabddi Championships: Played at senior, junior and sub junior levels. Also, include Beach Kabaddi
Championships.
120
Peals Group, EY Research- http://www.sportzpower.com/?q=content/pearls-infra-likely-title-sponsor-wc-kabaddi-rs-80-mn-deal
121
Omex, Trident EY Research- http://www.sportzpower.com/?q=content/parle%E2%80%99s-world-cup-kabaddi-punjab-scoops-rs60mn-sponsorship
122
PTC, EY Research- http://www.sportzpower.com/?q=content/parle%E2%80%99s-world-cup-kabaddi-punjab-scoops-rs60mn-sponsorship
Page 145 of 201
IV.
Kabaddi Courses in India (Kabaddi taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
Coaching
Selection Criteria
sports coaching
f
Duration
reviewed
1 year
6 weeks
Sports Coaching
f
NA
NA
1. BPEd
f
technical interview
4 years (last year
specialized sport)
1. BPEd
f
technical interview
3 years
2. MPEd
f
technical interview
2 year
f
3. M.Phil.
f
f
f
Written test
Proficiency Test
Interview
Other notable Kabbadi Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
Dhanoa sports
f
NA
f
NA
f
Sher-e-Punjab Kabbadi Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
Dasmesh Kabbadi Club
f
NA
f
NA
f
Kabbadi Club Academy
f
NA
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
The All India Amateur Kabaddi Federation has 31 member associations which include state member associations as well as
BSF Sports BSNL Sports & Cultural Board, Railways Sports promotion board and Services Sports Control board.
I.
f
World Cup 124
123
124
Page 146 of 201
World Cup (2004 - Till date)
3
Medals
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Gold
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
INFERENCE: In both men’s and women’s kabaddi, India has dominated the world cup by winning all the editions. Kabaddi as a sport is
ingrained into our culture and therefore the involvement and interest level is high.
f
Asian Games 125
Asian Games (1990 - Till date)
3
2
Medals
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
Gold
1
1
1
1
1
2
Silver
0
0
0
0
0
0
Bronze
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
INFERENCE: Since the introduction of the sport at the Asian Games in 1990, India has won all the gold medals at each edition after.
125
Page 147 of 201
II.
f
Kabaddi National Games (2011) (Men)
Medals
2
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
Rajasthan
Delhi
Haryana
Gold
1
0
0
Silver
0
1
0
Bronze
0
0
1
INFERENCE: Rajasthan won the Gold at the 2011, National Games. Silver and bronze were won by Delhi and Haryana respectively.
f
Kabaddi National Games (2011) (Women)
Medals
2
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
Haryana
Maharashtra
Punjab
Gold
1
0
0
Silver
0
1
0
Bronze
0
0
1
INFERENCE: Haryana won the gold at the 2011, National Games. Silver and bronze were won by Maharashtra and Punjab respectively.
E.
Way forward
India is the dominant force in Kabaddi and has yet to lose an international event. Efforts must be made by the concerned authorities to include
Kabaddi in the Olympics and commonwealth games as Kabaddi is a bright medal prospect.
Page 148 of 201
Motorsports
A. Introduction
Motorsports is the group of sports which primarily involve the use of motorized vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition.
Motorsports is one of the most lucrative sports in the world.
The Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) is the governing body for world motor sport and the federation of the world’s leading
motoring organizations. Its most prominent role is in the licensing and arbitration of Formula One motor racing. The Commission Internationale
de Karting (CIK or CIK-FIA) is the primary international sanctioning body for Kart racing. In 2000, it joined with the FIA.
The Federation of Motor Sports Clubs of India (FMSCI) is the National Sporting Authority (ASN) of FIA. It is also recognized by the government of
India and the IOA. Besides, FMSCI, Motor Sports Association of India is also recognized by FIA.
The Indian presence in Formula 1 racing has been growing over the years. Narain Karthikeyan was the first Indian to drive in a formula 1 race.
Indian businessman Vijay Mallaya owns a Formula 1 team named Force India. The Indian Grand Prix is now an important part of the F1
calendar.
Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include Flag Marshall, Rally Marshall, Rescue Marshall, Pit/Grid
Marshall, Spectator Marshall, Scrutineers, Mechanics.
B.
Current status
I.
II.
Key Partnerships
f
Airtel 126: Airtel were the title sponsors of the first Indian Grand Prix in 2011. However, the tenure of the contract is not known.
f
JK Tyre 127: JK Tyre launched the national racing championships in 1997. JK Tyre started 4-stroke karting championship in 2000
and later on introduced professional level of karting in 2005 with the introduction of the Rotax 2 stroke kart engines.
f
Force India: announced the launch of the Force India F1 Team Academy - an initiative aimed at identifying racing talent in India
and providing vocational and academic training for young Indians aspiring to a serious professional career in motorsports. The
Force India F1 Team Academy has been set up as a separate, not-for-profit entity based in India and will devote itself to :Talent
Identification and nurturing of racing talent in India - Vocational Training for a career in motor sport or related industries Academic Programmes related to the field of motorsports
f
ExxonMobil Lubricants Pvt. Ltd.: Co-launch of the Force India Academy.
f
Mercedes-Benz 128, the automobile partner for the Buddh International Circuit (BIC), in collaboration with Jaypee Sports
International launched the AMG Performance Driving Academy.
Key Tournaments
f
International
f
FIA Formula One World Championship: It is the highest class of single seater auto racing sanctioned by FIA. Narain
Karthikeyan and Karun Chandok are the only Indians who have competed in the Formula 1 championship.
f
FIA Formula Two Championship: It is a one-make class of auto racing for Formula Two open wheeled single seater racing
cars. It provides a low cost alternative to drivers who aspire to compete in motor racing at a level to progress directly to
Formula One.
f
The FIA Formula 3 International Trophy: It is a FIA-sanctioned international formula tournament for Formula Three cars
launched in 2011. This trophy along with other formula 3 series is considered as the first stepping stone for Formula 1
hopefuls. Success in F3 can lead directly to more senior formulae such as a F2 and GP2 seat, or even a Formula One test or
race seat.
126
Airtel, EY Research - http://www.indianexpress.com/news/airtel-is-title-sponsor-for-indian-f1-gp/833852/
127
JK Tyre, EY Research - http://www.jktyre.com/Motorsport/Motor_Overview.aspx
128
Mercedes Benz, EY Research - http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/racing/Performance-Driving-Academy-at-Buddh-International-
Circuit/articleshow/11369160.cms
Page 149 of 201
f
III.
f
GP2 Series: GP2 series is a feeder series for the Formula 1. GP2 has made it mandatory for all of the teams to use the same
chassis, engine and tyre supplier so that true driver ability is reflected. Karun Chandok of India competed in GP2 series for
three years.
f
GP3 Series: The GP3 Series, is a single seater motor racing series launched in 2010 as a feeder series for the GP2 Series.
f
The Karting World Championship: It takes place once a year, each year in a different country, and is kart racing's flagship
event. Starting 2011, the championship will be disputed on five rounds, each of them in a different country.
Domestic:
f
JK Tyre National Racing Championship: This championship series is also considered to be the stepping stone for Indian
Racing drivers who want to break into international motorsports. Latest technology in the cars, introduction of single seater
formula cars upto 1600cc engines powered by three manufacturers , Super Saloon cars (cc to weight ratio) and support
races of Super Bikes 600cc to 1000cc has put National Racing Championship at par of the level 4 racing in the world
f
JK Tyre Indian National Rotax Max Karting Championship: This is the national karting championship conducted by the
FMSCI.
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
Over 100 motorsports clubs are associated with the FMSCI
Page 150 of 201
Rowing
A. Introduction
Rowing is a sport in which athletes’ race against each other on rivers, lakes or on the ocean, depending upon the type of race and the discipline.
The boats are propelled by the reaction forces on the oar blades as they are pushed against the water. Competitive rowing teams are restricted
by a total weight per boat. It is also one of the oldest Olympic sports.
Qualifying for international rowing events is under the jurisdiction of the International Rowing Federation or Fédération Internationale des
Sociétés d'Aviron (FISA).
The Rowing Federation of India was founded on August 30, 1976. Since then the RFI has been popularizing the game nationwide and
producing distinct players from the country.
B.
The selection of the national team is done through the following levels:
Levels
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
World Cup Championships
World Cup
Commonwealt h Games
Asian Championships
Asia Grand Prix
Zonal/ Regional
►
►
►
►
►
►
Nat ional games
Junior Nat ionals
Sub-Junior Nat ionals
Challenger Sprint s
Open Nat ionals
Open Sprint s
State
►
►
►
►
►
►
Nat ional games
Junior Nat ionals
Challenger Sprint s
Open Nat ionals
Open Sprint s
►
►
►
►
►
Nat ional games
Junior Nat ionals
Open Nat ionals
Open Sprint s
District
Block/Village
► Open Nat ionals
► Open Sprint s
Page 151 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
II.
III.
f
Dyanchand Award
–
01
f
Dronacharya Award
-
01
f
Arjuna Award
-
13
Key Partnerships
f
Polaritis 129: Polaritas Research-development Company that is responsible for the electro-pneumatic controlled Starting System
and marking System for canoe-kayak and rowing race course are some of the developments and products of the company.
f
WUDI 130: WUDI Boats and Oars are available for Racing, Training and Touring with Full service
f
Sunny Water Sports 131: manufacturer of IKCA approved Kayaks and Canoes and manufacturer of Rowing Boats as per Latest
International Specifications
f
Swatick FIbchem 132: Manufactures of quality Rowing Boats, Water Slides, Fiber Glass Shades, Air Coolers
Key Tournaments
f
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Rowing at the Summer Olympics has been part of the competition since the 1900 Summer Olympics. Only
men were allowed to compete until the women's events were introduced at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal.
f
Asian Games: A multi-sport event that is hosted every four years. Rowing has been in the programme since 1982
f
South Asian Games: a biennial multi-sport event involving participants from the current 11 countries of Southeast Asia. The
games are under regulation of the Southeast Asian Games Federation with supervision by the International Olympic
Committee (IOC) and the Olympic Council of Asia.
f
World Cup: The World Rowing Cup is an international rowing competition organized by FISA (the International Rowing
Federation). It first began in 1997 and is held every year at the start of the summer.
f
Another major tournament is the Asian Rowing Championship; where India has been highly successful through the history of
the tournament.
f
Junior World Rowing Championships, held every year (18 years of age or younger)
Domestic:
Domestically there are 5 tournaments that are competed in. These tournaments happen year round, and lead to the selection of the
national squads for the above mentioned tournaments.
f
Open National Championships
f
Open Sprints
f
Junior National Championships
f
Sub-Junior National Championships
f
Challenger Sprints
129
Rowing Federation of India, Ernst & Young research
130
131
132
Page 152 of 201
IV.
Sport Education/courses:
Notable Rowing Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
Madras Boat Club
f
NA
f
NA
f
Kodaikanal Boat Club
f
NA
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
Archery Association of India is affiliated to 15 State Archery Associations. Archery is part of Inter-University Games, All India
Police Sports Control Board, Corps of Engineering Rowing Association and Services Sports Control Board
I.
f
Asian Games 133
Asian Games
4
4
Medals
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
1982
1990
Gold
0
0
Silver
0
0
Bronze
1
4
INFERENCE: From the chart above it can be inferred that India did well between the two events in the 1990’s. India showed progress
from winning 1 bronze in 1982 to 4 at the 1990 Asian Games. Unfortunately India has not been able to win any medals since then.
133
Page 153 of 201
f
South Asian Games
Medals
South Asian Games
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
7
1
1
0
0
2004
2006
Gold
1
7
Silver
1
0
Bronze
0
0
0
INFERENCE: India’s performance at the South Asian games has been promising. At the last event competed in, India won 7 gold medals,
which is a significant rise from the 1 gold medal won in 2004. Higher concentration to events that suit the Indian athlete will lead to
better performances in the future.
f
Asian Rowing Championships
7
Asian Rowing Championships(1985- 2011)
6
Medals
5
4
3
2
1
0
1985
Gold
1989
Silver
1997
Bronze
1999
2001
2003
2005
2009
2011
INFERENCE: India has been dominant in the South Asian competitions till date with successful podium finishes in every year. As a
country, this competition is taken seriously and therefore there is a larger contingent. This allows the country to pick up the best talent for
bigger events.
Page 154 of 201
II.
f
Rowing National Games (2002-2011) (Men)
19
20
Medals
16
12
8
2
4
3
1
0
1
0
1
2
1
5
3
6
4
1
2
Services
Maharsht
ra
Uttaranch
al
AP
Punjab
Gold
19
3
1
3
1
Silver
2
1
2
5
4
Bronze
1
0
1
6
2
In the past three national games, it can be inferred that Services has dominated the field of rowing with over 7 gold medals in the last
three national games (2002,2007 and 2011)
f
Rowing National Games (2002-2011) (Women)
9
10
9
7
Medals
8
6
4
4
5
3
2
0
2
3
5
2
2
1
1
1
0
Kerala
Orissa
Manipur
AP
Punjab
Gold
9
7
3
5
1
Silver
9
3
2
2
1
Bronze
4
2
5
1
0
The women’s nationals are much closer than the men’s. Kerala overall has more medals with 9 gold’s and 9 silvers followed by Orissa
with 7 gold’s and 3 silvers.
E.
Way forward
Internationally, rowing as a sport is developed through universities, with ‘The Boat Race’ between the Oxford University Boat Club and the
Cambridge University Boat Club being one of the most famous rowing contests. In India rowing has been run my club associations in the country
for many years. With the creation of a recognized federation the results have been tremendous till date. Although the country has not done well
on the International front, the Asian and South-Asian Games performances show Indians potential. If proper efforts are made to develop this
sport, India can do well at the Olympics and Asian Games and be competent against its European and other counterparts.
Page 155 of 201
Sailing
A. Introduction
Sailing in India can be traced back to the first recorded race being sailed in 1830 in Mumbai. Till the time the British left India after the Second
World War, the five active sailing clubs were based at Bombay, Madras, Bangalore, Barrackpore and Nainital.
Sailing is an organized and well recognized Olympic sport. The Yachting Association of India (YAI) is the sport’s governing body in India and is
affiliated to the International Sailing Federation (ISAF).
Sailing is recognized by the Commonwealth Games Federation as an optional sport and can only be included from 2018 Commonwealth
Games.
B.
Levels
Zonal/ Regional
Tournaments
► Olympic Games
► Asian Games
► ISAF Sailing World
Championships
► India Int ernat ional Regat t a
► Nat ional Games
► Nat ional Championships
► St at e Sailing Tournament s
State
► Sail Club Tournament s
District
Page 156 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
III.
Government Support
f
The Government of India supported the India International Regatta in 2010 and 2011. 134
f
f
Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award
-
02
f
Dronacharya Award
–
01
f
Arjuna Award
-
16
Key Partnerships
f
Raymond 135, Gamesa 136, Tissot 137: Gold partners of the India International Regatta 2011.
f
Other sponsors of the event include Volvo, Ocean Blue and Coca Cola. 138
f
Barclays, RBC, Tata Photon 139 were among the sponsors of the Monsoon Regatta in 2011.
Key Tournaments
f
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Sailing has been a part of the Olympic Games since 1896. Apart from 1904, it has been included in all the
Olympic Games.
f
ISAF Sailing World Championships: It is the principal qualification regatta for the Olympics. It is held every four years.
f
Asian games: Sailing was introduced in the 1970 Asian Games and has been a regular feature since the 1978 games. India
won a silver medal at the 2010 Asian Games.
f
India International Regatta: India International Regatta is held each year in October - November at Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
f
ISAF Youth Sailing World Championships, held every year (under 19)
Domestic:
f
National Games: Sailing is one of the disciplines in the national games held after every two years. Sailing was not included
in the 34th National Games but will be included in 35th National Games.
f
National Championships: National level regattas are organized by member clubs and class associations of the YAI. Eg.
Laser Coastal National Sailing Championship.
134
Government Support, Ernst & Young research
135
Raymond, Ernst & Young research
136
Gamesa, Ernst & Young research
137
Tissot, Ernst & Young research
138
Other sponsors, Ernst & Young research
139
Monsoon Regatta, Ernst & Young research
Page 157 of 201
IV.
Sport Education/courses:
Notable Sailing/ Yachting Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
Chennai Sailing Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Bombay Yacht Club
f
NA
f
NA
f
Aquasail Yatching Academy
f
NA
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
The YAI has 52 member clubs. These 52 member clubs also include state associations.
f
The YAI also has 9 member class associations.
I.
f
Asian Games 140
Asian Games
3
2
Medals
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0 0
0
1970
1978
1982
Gold
0
0
Silver
0
Bronze
1
0
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
0 0
0 0
0
0
0
1986
1990
1994
2002
2006
2010
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
2
2
2
1
0
INFERENCE: From the above graph it can be noted that other than the 1974 Asian Games India has recorded medal finishes in each of
the competitions. 1982 has been India’s best medal finish winning a gold, silver and bronze. The performances since have been
rewarded with medals since, but till 1994 India could managed to win only bronze medals. This trend has picked up since the 2002
Asian Games where the efforts have yielded silver medals instead of bronze, showing the countries progress.
E. Way forward
Yachting clubs by nature are unfortunately restricted to certain geographic locations. There is a small talent pool due to this factor. The
government therefore needs to be able to develop infrastructure in more coastal areas in order to promote the sport which can increase interest
levels. India’s performance at the Asian Games shows the potential the country has; this potential needs to be explored and tapped by
providing the sportsperson ideal facilities to develop their talents.
140
Page 158 of 201
Shooting
A. Introduction
Shooting as a competitive sport involving tests of proficiency (accuracy and speed) using various types of guns such as firearms and airguns.
There are many disciplines that come under the category of shooting. The event holds a large portion of gold medals at the Olympics.
The governing body for the sport in India is the National Rifle Association of India (NRAI) which was formed on April 17, 1951, to develop the
sport in India and impart training to civilians for self-defense.
B.
There are three levels of squads internationally represent India. The final team is selected through the below mentioned tournaments:
Levels
State
Tournaments
► Olympic Games
► Commonwealt h Games
► Asian Games
► Nat ional Shoot ing Championship Compet it ions (NSCC)
► All India G.V. Mavlankar Shoot ing Championship
(AIGVMSC)
► Sardar Sajjan Singh Set hi Memorial Mast ers Shoot ing
Championship
► Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Shoot ing
Championship
► All India Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Int er School
Shoot ing Championship
► St at e Novices
► Open Dist rict and School Tournament s
District
Page 159 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
II.
f
RG Khel Ratna Award
–
05
f
Padmashree Award
–
01
f
Dronacharya Award
–
01
f
Arjuna Award
-
34
Key Partnerships
f
III.
Ithaca Gun Company 141: Help in sponsoring equipment for national competitions
Key Tournaments
f
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Shooting sports have been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the birth of the modern
Olympic movement at the 1896 Summer Olympics except at the 1904 & 1928 editions.
f
Commonwealth Games: Shooting sports have been contested at the Commonwealth Games since 1966 with the exception
of 1970. Events were open until they were segregated by gender in 1994 for pistol and most rifle events and in 2002 for
trap and skeet events; the full bore rifle competitions remained open.
f
Asian Games: The Asian Games hosts all disciplines of shooting.
Domestic:
Within the country, there are many open tournaments held for selection of pre-national qualifier teams. Details of some of these
tournaments have been provided hereunder:
IV.
f
National Shooting Championship Competitions (NSCC)
f
All India G.V. Mavlankar Shooting Championship (AIGVMSC)
f
Sardar Sajjan Singh Sethi Memorial Masters Shooting Championship
f
Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Shooting Championship
f
All India Kumar Surendra Singh Memorial Inter School Shooting Championship
Notable Shooting Academies in India
Name
Intake
Details
f
Dr. Karni Singh, Delhi
f
NA
f
NA
f
Balewadi Shooting range, Pune
f
NA
f
NA
f
Top Gun Shooting Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Gun for Glory Shooting Academy
f
NA
f
NA
141
Steel Challenge
142
Page 160 of 201
Notable Shooting Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
Rana Shooting Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
50
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
The NRAI network has 53 affiliated state associations and units. 143
Indian Shooting was subject to a lot of interest post the Beijing Olympics. Abhinav Bindra was the first Indian to win an individual gold medal in
Indian Olympic history. Since then, there has been an increased level of interest in the sport which has resulted in an influx of investment for
training. The below table indicates the amount spent and the number of medals won (in major international tournaments) in past 3 years. An
investment of INR 50.96 Crore during the period of 2008 – 2011 has won 42 medals International tournaments (Olympics, Asian Games,
Commonwealth Games and World Shooting Championships) 144.
Shooting spending corresponding to medals won
55
20
50
18
41
Medals won
40
35
14
12
30
10
25
8
20
6
15
4
10
2
5
0
16
Spending in Cr.
45
1
0
2008-2009
2009-2010
0
2010-2011
Spending
(` sCr.won
) by Year Medals Won
Medal
Indian Shooting has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the 2012, London Olympics.
143
As mentioned on the National Rifle Association website
144
Page 161 of 201
I.
f
Olympic Games 145
Olympic Medals
4
Medals
3
2
1
0
2008
Gold
1
Silver
0
Bronze
0
INFERENCE: India’s only individual gold medal in Olympic history came at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Abhinav Bindra helped India win
its first gold. India is hopeful for another podium finish at the 2012, London Olympics
f
Asian Games 146
Asian Games
3
3
2
Medals
2
1
1
0
1962
1
1974
Gold
1
1978
1982
2
1
1986
1
1990
1
Silver
Bronze
1
2
1
1
1
1
1994
2
1
1998
1
2002
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
2
2006
2010
3
1
5
3
6
4
INFERENCE: India’s performance at the Asian Games has always resulted in podium finishes. Indian shooters have performed better
since the 2006 Asian Games by winning 3 gold medals. This performance unfortunately dropped resulting in only one gold medal at the
2010 Asian Games.
f
Commonwealth games 147
145
146
Page 162 of 201
Commonwealth Games
Medals
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
16
14
14
11
7
4
2
7
1
5
4
3
1998
2002
2006
2010
Gold
4
14
16
14
Silver
2
7
7
11
Bronze
1
3
4
5
INFERENCE: From the graph above, it is noted that India’s has dominated the Commonwealth Games since the 2002 edition.
Performances have improved overall, as can be seen due to the increase of the overall medal tally at each event.
II.
f
Medals
Shooting National Games (2011) (Men)
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
10
6
2
SSCB
Gold
10
Silver
6
Bronze
2
1
1
Karnata
ka
UP
1
2
3 3
1
1
1
HP
Haryana
1
1
1
2
1
Tamil
Nadu
3
2
1
MP
3
2
1
Mahara
Punjab
shtra
2
3
1
Delhi
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
INFERENCE: Services Board has dominated the National Games in an analysis of all disciplines competed. Services won a total of 18
medals at the 2011 National Games. Haryana state performed second best by winning 7 medals in total.
f National Games (Women)
147
Page 163 of 201
Shooting National Games (2011) (Women)
7
6
6
Medals
5
4
4
3
2
3
2
1
1
0
Gold
Maharas
htra
2
4
Silver
Bronze
1
Punjab
HP
Karnatak
a
1
MP
Delhi
Haryana
2
6
1
2
2
2
2
3
1
1
2
INFERENCE: Maharashtra won the maximum number of medals at the 2011 National Games. Haryana performed second best by
winning 4 medals followed by Punjab which won 3.
E. Way forward
Over the past 60 years of Indian hockey, India has seen both ends of the spectrum, from dominating the Olympics in the early years, to its
decline since the introduction of astro-turf fields. With the revamp of the administrative structure and influx of foreign coaches, the Indian
teams have responded well to international influences. This can be seen with the performances at the recent Olympic qualifiers held in February
2012. Indian hockey is on the rise once again, and with the foundation of ‘World Series Hockey’ one only sees a rise up the rankings for Indian
hockey in the near future.
Page 164 of 201
Swimming
A. Introduction
Swimming is a sport that is governed in India by the Swimming Federation of India affiliated to Fédération Internationale de Natation (FINA).
Swimming is not a mass spectator sport due to its very nature. Innovations like underwater cameras and slow motion close up captures have
failed to entice audiences.
Swimming as a sport gets maximum attention at the Olympics. Swimmers are highly conditioned athletes, among the best in the world. Michael
Phelps’ extraordinary feat at 2008 Olympics had generated a lot of interest in the sport, even in India. India’s swimming hopes are pinned on
Virdhaval Khade (Maharashtra), Richa Mishra (Delhi) and Shikha Tandon (Karnataka).
B.
Levels
Zonal/ Regional
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
Commonwealt h Games
Asian games
FINA World Championships
► St at e seniors and junior level
t ournament s
State
District
Block/Village
PYKKA scheme
Page 165 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
II.
III.
f
Center of Excellence: The setting up of a centre of excellence at the Talkatora Swimming Pool Complex was announced by the
union minister of state (sports).
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Swimming is one of
f
Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women.
f
f
Arjuna Award
22
Key Partnerships
f
Indian Oil Sports Scholarships 148: The objective of this scheme to award Indian Oil Sports Scholarships to promising young players
f
Speedo: Speedo in 2008 announced its intention of developing local swimming heroes.
f
Some of the companies associated with various swimming tournaments over the years include – LIC, Canara Bank
Key Tournaments
f
f
IV.
-
International
f
Olympic Games: Swimming has been a sport at every modern Summer Olympics. It has been open to women since 1912. It
is one of the most popular spectator sports at the Games and the one with the largest number of events.
f
Commonwealth Games: It has been a Commonwealth Games sport since the inaugural edition of the event's precursor, the
1930 British Empire Games. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each edition of the
Games. Synchronized swimming and Diving events are optional.
f
Asian Games: Swimming has been a part of Asian Games since 1951.
f
FINA World Championships: The FINA World Championships or World Aquatics Championships are the World
Championships for aquatic sports: diving, swimming, open water swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo. They
are run by FINA, and in the pool swimming events are contested in a 50 m, or "long course", pool. The event was first held
in 1973 and is now held every two years.
Domestic:
f
f
National Masters Championships: Marquee domestic swimming event.
f
Other senior, junior and sub-junior level tournaments.
Sport Education/courses 149
Swimming Courses (swimming taught as a discipline in the following institutions)
Institution Name
Course Name
148
Indian Oil Sports Scholarships
149
Information been sourced from the each institutions website.
Selection Criteria
Duration
Page 166 of 201
Swimming Courses (swimming taught as a discipline in the following institutions)
Institution Name
Course Name
1. MSc in Sports
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
2. Diploma in
Duration
2 years
f
Sports
1 year
Coaching
3. Certificate
6 weeks
course in
sports
coaching
4. Refresher
f
NA
NA
f
f
f
4 years (last year
Proficiency test
specialized sport)
f
f
f
4 semester degree
Proficiency test
course
f
course in
Sports
Coaching
1. BPEd
2. M.PEd.
1. BPE
Written test
Written test
3 years
interview
2. MPE
f
2 year
interview
f
Other notable Swimming Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
Khajan Singh swimming Academy, JLN Stadium, New Delhi
f
NA
f
NA
f
SAI Centre of Excellence, Talkatora Swimming Pool Complex, New Delhi
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
Nisha Millets Swimming Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Indian Aquatic Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
50
f
NA
f
f
100
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
Swimming Federation of India has 28 member associations. This also includes police, railways and services sports boards.
Indian Swimming has been on the rise. The performances at the Youth Asian Games have been promising and have led to a large number of
medals in 2010-2011. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won in past 3 years. An investment of INR 13
Crore during the period of 2008 – 2011 has yielded 16 medals, including a Bronze at the Commonwealth Games in 2010.
Page 167 of 201
6
Swimming spending corresponding to medals won
Medals won
5
16
15
4
10
3
2
5
Spending in Cr.
20
1
1
0
0
0
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
Medal
s won
Spending
(` Cr.
) by Year Medals Won
For India to perform better at International events there needs to be an increased level of spending in the availability of infrastructure.
Swimming is not yet looked at as a competitive sport, but more a leisure activity taken up by children in the summer months. If this attitude
changes, by integrating the sport at the ground level in schools, swimming will become a sport of choice therefore increasing the level of
interest and awareness thereby producing better competition.
I.
f
Asian Games 150
Asian Games
4
Medals
3
2
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1951
1970
1986
2010
Gold
1
0
0
0
Silver
0
1
1
0
Bronze
0
0
0
1
INFERENCE: India’s only gold at the Asian Games came in 1951. Since then, Indian swimming has stuttered, only winning silvers at the 1970
and 1986 Asian games.The 2010 Asian Games have yielded a medal for the first time in 14 years. Virdhaval Khade of Maharashtra won the
Bronze.
f
150
151
Page 168 of 201
Commonwealth Games (2010)
1
Medals
1
0.5
0
0
0
2010
Gold
0
Silver
0
Bronze
1
INFERENCE: Prior to 2010 India had never won a Commonwealth Medal. Virdhaval Khade made India proud by winning a bronze at the
2010 Commonwealth Games in New Delhi.
f
f
Swimming National Games (2011) (Men)
10
9
9
8
8
7
Medals
7
6
5
4
4
4
3
3
2
1
1
0
3
Karnataka
Maharashtra
MP
Gold
9
8
3
Silver
7
4
1
Bronze
4
3
1
1
At the 2011 edition of the National Games, Karnataka dominated with 9 gold medals closely followed by Maharashtra which won 8.
Although swimmers from Karnataka have had better success in the overall medal count, Maharashtra’s Virdhaval Khade was the stand
out performer with 5 National records to his name.
f
Page 169 of 201
Swimming National Games (2011) (Women)
12
11
10
9
Medals
8
6
4
4
2
0
5
6
6
2
1
2
Delhi
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Gold
11
5
2
Silver
4
6
6
Bronze
1
9
2
At the 2011 edition of the National Games, Delhi dominated the medals tally with 11 gold’s and 16 medals in total. Maharashtra and
Karnataka had 5 and 2 gold’s each respectively. Richa Mishra from Delhi holds 7 National records, followed by Shikha Tandon from
Karnataka with 4.
E.
Way forward
Lack of sponsorships has been a perennial problem for the Indian swimmers and the Swimming Federation of India. Swimming lacks the kind
of coverage that sports like badminton and hockey get.
Indian Swimming has shown potential. This can be seen in the Youth Games that take place. For India to do well in this sport, the country needs
to channel its efforts to producing better quality swimmers. Being an individual sport, competition is extremely high, but with initiatives like
PYKKA, there will be an increase interest in the sport which should produce a larger base for a selection pool in the future.
Page 170 of 201
Table Tennis
A. Introduction
Table tennis, also known as ping-pong, is a racket sport contested either by two individuals or two doubles teams. China is the dominant force
in table tennis. The Chinese contingent won all the table tennis gold medals at the Beijing Olympics.
In India, the sport is governed by the Table Tennis Federation of India affiliated to the International Table Tennis Federation. India won its first
gold medal at the 2006 Commonwealth games. However, India has never won a medal at the Olympic and the Asian games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
Commonwealt h Games
Asian Games
World Table Tennis
Championships
► Nat ional Games
► Nat ional Table t ennis
championships
► Zonal Ranking Championships
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
► Int er st at e t able t ennis
championships
PYKKA scheme
Page 171 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Table Tennis is one of
f
Schemes like National Sports Festival for Women emphasize on the development of table tennis in the country.
f
f
II.
III.
Arjuna Award
-
23
Key Partnerships
f
Stag International Limited 152: Stag International sponsors 23 state teams and the Indian TT team.
f
f
Some of the companies 153 associated with various hockey tournaments over the years include – Pepsi and Union Bank
Key tournaments
f
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Table tennis competition has been in the Olympic Games since 1988, with singles and doubles events for
both men and women. Players from China have dominated the sport, winning a total of 41 medals in 24 events, including
20 gold medals.
f
Commonwealth Games: Table tennis competition has been in the Commonwealth Games as an optional sport since 2002.
f
Asian Games: The event is held every four years for athletes in Asia. Table tennis has been contested at the Asian Games
since 1958. China has dominated the table tennis events at the Asian games winning a total of 55 gold medals.
f
World Table Tennis Championships: This is a biennial event and has been held since 1926. The World Team Table Tennis
Championships, which include men's team and women's team events, have been held separately since 2000. The Team
Championships are held in even numbered years. The World Table Tennis Championships are currently held in odd
numbered years.
Domestic
f
f
National & Interstate Table Tennis Championships and Inter Institutional Table Tennis championships are major domestic
events.
f
Zonal Ranking Championships
152
Stag International, Ernst & Young Research -http://stag.in/victor/press/Zeenews.pdf
153
Other Companies, Ernst & Young Research - http://ttfi.org/events/show1/151
Page 172 of 201
IV.
Table Tennis Courses in India (table tennis taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
1. MSc in Sports Coaching
Selection Criteria
f
Duration
2 years
Mandatory requirement should be a Diploma in sports
Coaching
f
Coaching
1 year
reviewed
sports coaching
6 weeks
f
NA
f
1 Year
2. PGD in Sports Coaching
f
1 Year
3. BPEd
f
4 years (last year
technical interview
specialized sport)
3 years
f
NA
Sports Coaching
Coaching
1. BPEd
f
technical interview
2. MPEd
f
2 year
technical interview
f
Other notable Table Tennis Academies in India
Name
154
Intake
Details
f
Masters Table Tennis Academy (MTTA)
Solaris, Kothrud
f
NA
f
NA
f
Siliguri Table Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Venugopal Chandrasekar, Table Tennis Coaching Center, Chennai
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
Chandra's Table Tennis Coaching Centre
f
NA
f
NA
f
Noida Table Tennis Academy
f
22
f
NA
f
St.Paul's STAG Table Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Petroleum Sports Promotion Board
f
NA
f
NA
f
Panther's Table Tennis Academy
f
100
f
NA
Page 173 of 201
V.
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
33 state associations are affiliated to the Table Tennis Federation of India.
f
27 institutions such as the Airport Authority of India, Air India are also associated with TTFI.
Indian Table Tennis has not reached competitive international levels. The sport is still dominated by the Chinese. The government, for the
preparation and training of the Indian contingent has invested 13 Crore during the period of 2008 – 2011. In this period India has won 5
medals.
Table Tennis spending corresponding to medals won
10.00
5.00
5.00
3.00
5
2.00
1.00
0.00
Spending in Cr.
Medals won
4.00
0.00
0
0
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
Medals won by Year
Spending (` Cr.)
Medals Won
Indian Table Tennis is ranked 30th in the world. Sharat Kamal is the only Indian Table Tennis player in the top 50. Indian Table Tennis needs to
move from being a recreational sport to one of choice and competition. There needs to be constant funding in order to further increase the
chances of winning medals in the next few years. Funding for the sport needs to develop in order to have medal chances at future international
tournaments.
I.
f
Commonwealth Games
Medals
4
3
3
2
2
1
3
1
1
0
0
2002
2006
2010
Gold
0
2
1
Silver
0
0
1
0
0
1
INFERENCE: At the Commonwealth Games India has done well in the past three editions. In 2002, India won three bronze medals which
improved to 2 golds and 1 bronze at the Melbourne Commonwealth Games in 2006. India needs to be more consistent with their
performances. This can be seen from the graph as the number of gold medals dropped even though the overall medal tally increase from
2006.
155
Page 174 of 201
II.
f
Table Tennis National Games (2011) (Men)
6
5
5
Medals
4
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
TN
WB
Gujarat
Gold
2
1
0
Silver
1
1
1
Bronze
1
5
1
In the national games, it can be inferred that Tamil Nadu has been the most dominant state in men’s Table Tennis winning 2 gold’s. This
is attributed to the states interest in the sport as well as the quality of academies in the region.
f
Table Tennis National Games (2011) (Women)
6
5
5
Medals
4
3
2
1
0
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
Maharashtra
TN
WB
Gold
2
1
0
Silver
1
0
2
Bronze
1
1
5
In the national games, it can be inferred that Maharashtra has been the most dominant state in women’s Table Tennis. Maharashtra won
a total of 4 medals, followed by Tamil Nadu at 2. West Bengal, did not win a gold but won the most number of medals at a total of 7.
E.
Way forward
India has always performed well at the commonwealth table tennis tournaments but has failed to make a mark at the world stage. Indian table
tennis training methods can be at best compared with those followed in Europe. The corporates are not interested in table tennis. But there has
been a revival of interest in the sport with the appearance of Sharath Kamal who has won two commonwealth gold medals.
Page 175 of 201
Taekwondo
A. Introduction
Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and the national sport of South Korea. Gyeorugi , a Taekwondo style , has been an Olympic event since 2000
and is governed by the World Taekwondo Federation. Taekwondo was recently recognized by the Commonwealth Games Federation as an
optional sport and can only be a part of the games from 2018.
The Taekwondo Federation of India is the governing body in India. It is affiliated to the World Taekwondo Federation of India. India’s first Asian
Games Taekwondo medal came at the 2002 Asian games. India’s first Asian Games Taekwondo medal came at the 2002 Asian games.
B.
Levels
Tournaments
► Olympic Games
► Asian Games
► World Taekwondo
Championships
► Int ernat ional Taekwondo
Championships
► Nat ional Games
► Nat ional Championhsips
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
PYKKA scheme
* Details of key national/international tournaments have been provided in section 3.
Page 176 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
f
II.
III.
Key Partnerships
f
Informedia 18, Manisha Agri Biotech, Shivaaz 156 were among the sponsors of the International Taekwondo Championship
organized by TFI in 2010.
f
Some of the companies associated with various Taekwondo tournaments over the years include – Reliance India Mobile, Stag
International Limited 157
Key Tournaments
f
f
IV.
The purpose of the scheme is to broad-base games and sports and to tap the hidden talent in rural area. Taekwondo is one of
International
f
Olympic Games: Taekwondo was introduced in the summer Olympics in 2000 as a full medal sport.
f
Asian Games: Taekwondo has been a part of the Asian games since 1986. India won its only medal at the 2002 Busan
Asian Games.
f
World Taekwondo Championships: It is a biennial event.
f
International Taekwondo Championship: Biennial event organized by the Taekwondo Federation of India.
Domestic:
f
National Games: Taekwondo is one of the disciplines in the biennial National Games.
f
National level events like the National Open Taekwondo Championship and National Taekwondo Championship for senior,
junior and sub junior level players.
f
State Open Taekwondo Championships
Taekwondo Courses in India ((taekwondo taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
Duration
1 year
f
sports coaching
Six weeks
f
NA
f
f
NA
Sports
1. BPEd
3 years
interview
156
Informedia 18
157
National Taekwondo Committee
158
All information for Sports Education/ Courses has been taken from each institutions websites respectively
Page 177 of 201
Taekwondo Courses in India ((taekwondo taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
2. MPEd
Selection Criteria
f
Duration
2 year
interview
Other notable Taekwondo Academies in India
Name
Intake
Details
f
Taekwondo Academy of India
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
Bengal Taekwondo Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Delhi Taekwondo
f
NA
f
NA
f
Vipin Kalra's Taekwondo Academy
f
NA
f
NA
I.
f
Asian Games 159
Asian Games
5
Medals
4
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
2002
Gold
0
Silver
0
Bronze
1
INFERENCE: India has only won one medal at the Asian Games. The Indian contingent won the bronze at the 2002 event. This can be
attributed to the quality of the competition and superiority of the other Asian countries in this sport.
159
Page 178 of 201
II.
f
Taekwondo National Games (2011) (Men)
4
3
Medals
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
3
1
1
1
1
SSCB
Goa
Haryana
MP
Gold
3
2
1
1
Silver
1
2
3
1
Bronze
2
2
1
3
INFERENCE: The Services board dominated with the maximum number of gold’s by winning 3 at the 2011 National Games. Although
what can be seen is that Goa had the same number of medals as the Services Board.
f National Games (Women)
Taekwondo National Games (2011) (Women)
4
Medals
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
0
3
1
1
0
1
0
Jharkhand
MP
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Gold
3
2
1
1
Silver
0
1
2
1
Bronze
3
2
0
3
INFERENCE: Jharkhand clearly dominated the women’s event by winning 3 gold’s and 3 bronze medals. Madhya Pradesh came second in the
overall medal tally for this sport by winning 2 gold medals, 1 silver and 2 bronze medals. Other states who also won medals were Maharashtra
and Karnataka.
E.
Way forward
Taekwondo like other martial arts needs to be developed as a sport from an early age. Teaching the sport as a method of self defense will
increase the basic level of interest in sport. This interest will further need to be nurtured for the country’s competitive needs for the future.
Efforts need to be made by the government to increase awareness for this sport.
Tennis
Page 179 of 201
A. Introduction
Tennis is enjoyed by millions of recreational players and is also a hugely popular worldwide spectator sport especially the four Grand Slam
tournaments: Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open. Tennis is an individual sport (Davis Cup, Fed Cup being notable
exceptions)
The All India Tennis Association is the governing body of tennis in India. It was established in 1920 and affiliated by International Tennis
Federation and Asian Tennis Federation. AITA operates all of Indian national representative tennis sides including the Indian Davis Cup team,
the Indian Fed Cup team and the country youth teams. AITA is also responsible for organizing and hosting tennis tournaments with India and
scheduling the home international fixtures.
Leander Paes and Mahesh Bhupati have been the recognizable faces in Indian tennis but the emergence of players such as Sania Mirza and
Somdev Devvarman point towards its growing popularity in India.
Skills involved in the game, other than common skills like coach, referee, include service judge, line judge and ball boy.
B. Hierarchy of the sport
Levels
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
►
►
►
Grand Slams
Davis Cup/ Fed Cup
ATP/ WTA Tours
Olympic Games
Commonwealt h Games
Asian Games
AITA/ ITF Tours
► St at e Ranking Tournament s across
cat egories (men/ women, junior/ senior)
Page 180 of 201
C.
Current status
I.
II.
III.
Government Support
f
National Sports Development Fund Scheme: Under this scheme the government of India has extended monetary support to some
players of the Indian Tennis contingent for the Olympics.
f
National Sport Festival for Women: This festival aims at promoting sports amongst women in India and includes tennis as a
discipline.
f
The government of India through the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports had provided financial assistance for renovation and up
gradation of the R.K. Khanna Tennis Stadium in Delhi.
f
f
R G Khel Ratna
–
01
f
Arjuna Award
-
15
Key Partnerships
f
Aircel 160: Telecom major Aircel will be the sponsor of the Indian tennis team for the Davis Cup play-off against Japan in Tokyo
September 18-20. Aircel is also the title sponsor of Chennai Open
f
ITC 161: Sunfeast, ITC has the naming rights for the Chennai Open
f
Kingfisher Airlines: Kingfisher Airlines Tennis Open is an ATP tour tournament held in India
f
Neo Sports: Neo sports will be broadcaster of Davis Cup, Fed Cup matches in India. Also, Neo sports will broadcast ATP tour
tournaments in India.
f
f
Nike, Reebok and Adidas: These sport manufacturers support the AITA National Tennis Academy
Key Tournaments
f
International
f
Grand Slams: The four ‘Major’ tennis tournaments, also called the Slams are the mainstays of international tennis. All
‘slams’ have a qualification tournament that precedes the main tournament draw. The ultimate goal of a professional tennis
player is to win a ‘Grand Slam’ event .They are the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, and the US Open.
Currently, both the Australian Open and the US Open are played on hard courts, while the French Open is played on clay,
and Wimbledon is played on grass.
f
Davis Cup: The Davis Cup is the premier international team event in men's tennis. India was runners up in 1966, 1974 and
1987. India has been relegated to Asia/Oceania Zone Group I in 2012.
f
Fed Cup: Fed Cup is the premier team competition in women's tennis, launched in 1963. India will compete in the
Asia/Oceania Zone of Group II in 2012.
f
ATP and WTA tours: The ATP and WTA are the recognized professional federations for men’s and women’s tennis. Both
organize and have tournaments affiliated to them that are held through the year. The format is a best of 3 sets. The
tournaments are a bridge between Grand Slam events and are used to both gain points for rankings and practice for
different court types.
160
Aircel, Chennai Open, Ernst & Young research
161
ITC Sunfeast, Chennai Open, Ernst & Young research
Page 181 of 201
f
IV.
f
Olympic Games: Tennis was part of the Summer Olympic Games program from the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics, but
was dropped after the 1924 Summer Olympics. After two appearances as a demonstration sport, it returned as a full medal
sport at the 1988 Summer Olympics and has been played at every edition of the Games since then. Since, the 2004 Athens
Olympics, results from the Olympics count in the ATP and WTA rankings. Leander Paes’ bronze at Atlanta Olympics in 1996
is India’s only Olympic medal in tennis.
f
Commonwealth Games: Tennis made its first debut at the Commonwealth Games in 2010 in Delhi, India. Somdev
Devvarman won the gold.
f
Asian Games: Tennis is part of the Asian Games program. It has been played at each edition of the games since 1958, with
the exception of 1970. Team events began to be contested from 1962.
Domestic:
f
Tournaments at the junior level are divided into championship, talent, super and national series along with two nationals
played on clay and hard courts.
f
Senior level tournaments include Nationals played on grass, hard and clay courts.
f
AITA tournaments: These tournaments for seniors are distinguished on the basis of the prize money such AITA 10L, AITA 10K
etc.
f
ITF tournaments: These tournaments are also distinguished on the basis of prize money.
Sport Education/courses 162 :
Tennis Courses in India (Tennis taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
NS NIS, Bangalore
1. Diploma in
Selection Criteria
f
Sports
Duration
1 year
Coaching
2. Certificate
course in
sports
6 weeks
coaching
3. Refresher
f
NA
f
NA
course in
Sports
Coaching
4. BPEd
4 years (last year
specialized sport)
3. BPEd
f
3 years
interview
4. MPEd
f
2 year
interview
162
Information obtained from the website of the above mentioned institutions
Page 182 of 201
Other notable Tennis Academies in India
Name
f
AITA National Tennis Academy, Gurgaon,
Intake
Details
f
f
NA
Haryana
The construction is still underway but there are already nine well laid out
clay courts and 20 trainees have been shortlisted for the first batch.
f
Upon completion, the facility will have four more synthetic courts and would
be home to more than 80 aspiring talents in and around the country.
f
With library, swimming pool, gym, playing area for other sports and
academic facility in the nearby schools, the NTA will be a true residential
training complex.
V.
f
Adidas, Nike and Reebok support the academy
f
ACE Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Nadal Tennis School
f
NA
f
NA
f
Kenisis Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Peninsula Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Mahesh Bhupati Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
The Tennis Village
f
NA
f
NA
f
Harvest Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
National Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Jaidip Mukherjee Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
JORA Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Britannia Amritraj Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Chennai Tennis Centre
f
NA
f
NA
f
Bangalore Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Baseline Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
f
Sinette Tennis Academy
f
NA
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations: AITA has 28 state and Union territory member associations. AITA is also affiliated to the Association of
Indian Universities, Services Sports Control Board, Railways Sports Promotion Board and IC of India. The All India Tennis
Association is the headquarters of the AITA and is not included in the 28 state associations.
f
Television Viewership
Grand Slams and the Davis Cup garner high TV viewership in the urban centers. A television viewership of 95 million indicates a
large viewership for Tennis in India.
Tennis being an individual sport cannot be purely judged on medals at events. India has produced two of the greatest doubles players in recent
history in Mahesh Bhupathi and Leander Paes. For the purpose of medals and training an investment of INR 20 Crore during the period of 2008
– 2011 India has won 9 medals at International tournaments including the Commonwealth Games in 2010 (3 Gold; 2 Silver and 4 Bronze) 163.
163
Source: All India Tennis Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 183 of 201
Medals won
9
5
0
0
0
2008-2009
2009-2010
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Spending in Cr.
Tennis spending corresponding to medals won
10
2010-2011
Medals won by Year
Spending (` Cr.)
Medals won
Indian tennis has not done too well on the international stage. Other then the success at the Commonwealth Games and the Asian Games,
there has been very little to talk about at the Davis Cup and the Fed Cup. India was runners up in 1966, 1974 and 1987.
I.
f
Olympic Games 164
Olympic Games
Medals
1
0
Gold
1996
Silver
Bronze
INFERENCE: India, through Leander Paes has won an Olympic bronze at the 1996 Barcelona Olympics. With the rise of European
countries in the sport, competing at the Olympics has become as hard as Grand Slams singles. India needs to make more effort to
produce better singles tennis players.
f
Asian Games 165
164
165
Page 184 of 201
Asian Games Medals (1966 - Till date)
4
3
Medals
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
2
2
1
1
0
0 0
0 0
0
1966
1978
1982
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
Gold
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
2
2
Silver
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
Bronze
1
1
0
1
1
3
2
0
2
0
0 0
1
2 2
0 0
INFERENCE: India has done well at the Asian Games, as the Indian contingent is competent at the international level. India won its first
gold medal at the 1994 Asian Games. Indian tennis has risen above the Asian level. Since the 2002 Asian Games, India has always won
a gold medal. This proves that the Indian contingent is a strong one.
f
Tennis National Games (2002-2011) (Men)
5
4
4
Medals
II.
3
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
Delhi
TN
Maharastra
WB
Gold
4
0
2
0
Silver
1
3
0
1
Bronze
2
1
3
1
Delhi has dominated the national games in tennis for the past two events taken place. Maharashtra has also received gold medals.
f
Page 185 of 201
Tennis National Games (2002-2011) (Women)
6
5
5
4
Medals
4
3
2
1
0
2
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
Delhi
Karnataka
Maharshtra
WB
Gold
5
1
0
0
Silver
1
0
2
1
Bronze
1
1
4
0
Like the men’s, Delhi dominates the women’s nationals as well. Karnataka is the only other state to have won gold at the nationals
E.
Way forward
The country has achieved great success in the doubles and mixed doubles format and the rise of players such as Sania Mirza and Somdev
Devvraman show the countries potential in the sport. Hosting International tournaments such as the Chennai Open have increased the interest
in the sport even further. Tennis needs to be promoted at the grassroots level to churn out high quality players that can dominate the single’s
game as well which has been India’s falling in grand slams and team events. More efforts need to be made, to bridge the gap between India
and its European counterparts.
Page 186 of 201
Weightlifting
A. Introduction
Weightlifting is a port in which participants attempt a maximum-weight single lift of a barbell loaded with weight plates. In India, weightlifting is
governed by the Indian Weightlifting Federation affiliated to the International Weightlifting Federation.
India won its only Olympic weightlifting medal in the 2000 Olympics. Weightlifting can be an awe-inspiring spectator sport, as competitors
expend massive psychological and physical effort to lift weights over twice their own body weight.
B. Hierarchy of the sport
Levels
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
Commonwealt h Games
Asian games
World Weight lift ing
Championships
► Nat ional Weight lift ing
Championships
Zonal/ Regional
State
District
Block/Village
► St at e weight lift ing championships
PYKKA scheme
C.
Current status
I.
Government Support
Page 187 of 201
II.
f
f
f
RG Khel Ratna Award
–
02
f
Dronacharya Award
–
03
f
Arjuna Award
-
33
Key Partnerships
f
III.
Key Tournaments
f
f
IV.
Shivnaresh Sports 166: are associated website partners of the Indian Weightlifting Federation.
International
f
Olympic Games: Weightlifting has been contested at every Summer Olympic Games since the 1920 Summer Olympics.
Karnam Malleswari won India’s only Olympic medal in weightlifting at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.
f
Commonwealth Games: Weightlifting is one of the sports at the quadrennial Commonwealth Games competition. It has
been a Commonwealth Games sport since 1950. It is a core sport and must be included in the sporting programme of each
edition of the Games.
f
Asian Games: Weightlifting has been an event at the Asian Games since 1951 in New Delhi.
f
World Weightlifting Championships: The World Weightlifting Championships is an event organized by International
Weightlifting Federation (IWF). It has been held since 1891.
Domestic:
f
National Weightlifting Championships: These national level championships are organized for senior and junior level players.
f
State Weightlifting Championships: State weightlifting championships are organized for senior and junior level players.
weightlifting Courses in India (weightlifting taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
NS NIS (Patiala)
1. MSc in Sports
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
sports coaching
2 years
f
Coaching
Duration
1 year
Six weeks
f
NA
NA
Sports Coaching
Other notable Weightlifting Academies in India
166
Shivnaresh Sports, Ernst & Young Research http://www.iwlf.net/node/5
167
Page 188 of 201
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
Sonepat, Haryana SAI Training Centre
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
NA
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
Member Associations
f
The Indian Weightlifting Federation has 34 member association which includes state member associations as well as FCI
Sports promotion board, Police Sports Control Board, Railways Sports promotion board and Services Sports Control board.
Indian Weightlifting has not reached the promising heights it had showed at the 2000 Olympics. The government has increased the level of
funding to make Indian weightlifters more competitive. This may be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won in past 3
years. With an investment of INR 17 Crore during the period of 2008 – 2011 India has won 6 international medals.
Weightlifting spending corresponding to medals won
8.0
10.00
7.0
6
5.00
5.0
4.0
3.0
Spending in Cr.
Medals won
6.0
2.0
1.0
0.00
0
0
2008-2009
2009-2010
Medals won by Year
Spending (` Cr.)
0.0
2010-2011
Medals Won
Indian Weightlifting has received a large amount of funding to boost the chances of winning medals at the Commonwealth Games and for
preparation for the London 2012 Olympics. The funding has borne fruit with more podium performances in the year 2010-2011.There needs
to be constant funding and tightening of doping regulations in order to further increase the chances of winning medals in the next few years.
I.
f
168
Olympic Games 168
Page 189 of 201
Olympic Games Medals
4
Medals
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
2000
Gold
0
Silver
0
Bronze
1
India’s performance at the Olympics stage has been a cause for concern. Since the 2000 Olympics, there has been little progress in the
sport. Doping concerns have tarnished the sports reputation. If India needs to do well at the international level, efforts need to be made
to strengthen the talent pool and better the existing infrastructure.
f
Commonwealth Games
14
12
11
12
9
Medals
10
7
8
6
4
2
0
4
2 2
7
7
55
5
3
3
5
3
1
1
1 1
2010
2006
2002
1998
1994
1990
Gold
2
3
11
3
3
Silver
2
5
9
5
Bronze
4
1
7
5
1982
0
0
1 1
0 0
1
0
1
0
1978
1974
1970
1966
12
1
0
0
0
7
7
1
1
0
1
1
5
0
1
1
0
INFERENCE: India’s performance at the Commonwealth Games has dropped since the 2002 games. Certain high profile athletes have
been caught in drug scandals since and the credibility of the system has been doubted. India needs to channel their efforts improve the
reputation of the sport in the country and create a better pool of athletes through more initiatives at the ground level.
f
Asian Games 170
169
170
Indian Olympic Association, Ernst & Young research
Page 190 of 201
4
Asian Games (1951-1998)
3
3
Medals
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1951
0
1986
0
1990
0
1994
0
1998
Gold
Silver
Bronze
INFERENCE: India’s performance at the Asian Games has declined since. From the graph one can infer that in the 1990’s the country picked up
its performance in the sport. India has not won a medal since the 1998 Asian Games.
f
Weightlifting National Games (2011) (Men)
4
3
Medals
II.
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
Jharkhand
Services
Maharashtra
Gold
3
2
1
Silver
0
3
2
Bronze
0
1
0
Jharkhand won 3 gold’s at the 2011 National Games, followed by Services with 2 and Maharashtra with 1 gold. The National Games
shows that there is a high level of competition in Jharkhand.
f
Page 191 of 201
Weightlifting National Games (2011) (Women)
3.5
3
3
Medals
2.5
2
2
1.5
1
1
2
1
1
0.5
0
1
1
0
Jharkhand
Manipur
Karnataka
Gold
3
2
1
Silver
1
1
0
Bronze
2
1
1
Like the men’s events, Jharkhand also won the maximum medals in the women’s disciplines. Jharkhand won 3 gold medals followed by
Manipur with 2 and Karnataka with 1.
E. Way forward
Weightlifting is a sport for concern. It once showed medal potential at the Olypmics, but due to the nature of the sport, certain scandals and
doping charges, the reputation has been hampered. There is almost no coverage on television which has further decreased the interest levels in
the sport. The government needs to make efforts to improve the condition of weightlifting in India. Stricter anti doping policies need to be
introduced to continue getting the support of the International Weightlifting Federation.
Page 192 of 201
Wrestling
A. Introduction
Greco-Roman wrestling is a style of wrestling that is practiced worldwide. It was contested at the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 and has
been included in every edition of the summer Olympics held since 1908. Two wrestlers are scored for their performance in three two-minute
periods,
The International governing body for wrestling is called the International Federation of Associated Wrestling Styles (FILA).
In India, wrestling has always been a traditional sport. Many areas of Punjab and Haryana have local ‘akkhadas’ where training for ‘kushti’
takes place.
B.
The selection of the Indian wrestling contingent team is done through the following levels:
Levels
Tournaments
►
►
►
►
Olympic Games
Commonwealt h Games
Asian Games
Sout h Asian Games
Zonal/ Regional
► Senior Nat ional Games
► Junior Nat ionals
► Yout h Nat ionals
State
District
Block/Village
► Tournament s under t he PYKKA
scheme at Panchayat levels
C. Current status
Page 193 of 201
I.
II.
Government Support
f
f
RG Khel Ratna Award
–
01
f
Dronacharya Award
–
06
f
Dhyanchand Award
-
05
f
Arjuna Award
-
40
Key Partnerships
f
III.
f
Sahara India to Support setting up of Infrastructure for Wrestling171: Sahara India Pariwar, has pledged to support and adopt 30
leading and upcoming Boxers and Wrestlers for the next 4 years. Sahara India Pariwar with the help of the Wrestling Federation of
India has identified top 17 Wrestlers who will be provided support beyond the next Olympics to be held in London in 2012. Sahara
India Pariwar has also decided to support the Guru Hanuman Akhara of New Delhi. Sahara’s consistent and long-term assistance
in developing standard infrastructure and equipments would surely ensure better results in forthcoming Asian Games,
Commonwealth Games and Olympics.
Key Tournaments
f
f
International
f
Olympic Games: Wrestling has been contested at the Summer Olympic Games since Athens in 1896. With the exception of
the 1900 Summer Olympics wrestling has been part of every Olympic Games program. Freestyle wrestling and weight
classes both made their first appearance in 1904. The women's competition was introduced in 2004
f
Commonwealth Games: Wrestling is an optional sport for men for the Commonwealth Games program. Wrestling did not
feature in Melbourne 2006 but returned to the programme in Delhi 2010 and is included in Glasgow 2014.
f
Asian Games: Wrestling has been part of the Asian Games program since 1954 Manila, Philippines.
Domestic:
f
171
National Games: Wrestling has featured in every edition of at the National Games. Haryana has been the dominant force in
the sport for both men and women. The national games cater to three categories – Senior, Junior and Youth.
Page 194 of 201
Sport Education/courses 172:
IV.
Wrestling Courses (wrestling taught as one of the many disciplines in institutions like NS NIS, LNUPE and LNCPE)
Institution Name
Course Name
1. MSc in Sports
Selection Criteria
f
Coaching
sports coaching
2 years
f
Coaching
Duration
1 year
Six weeks
f
NA
NA
f
3 years
Sports Coaching
1. BPEd
interview
2. MPEd
f
2 year
interview
f
Other notable Wrestling Academies in India
Name
V.
Intake
Details
f
f
NA
f
NA
f
f
400
f
NA
Sport Outreach
f
f
A TRP rating of 120 million173 indicated the large viewership for Wrestling in India. With the success of Indian athletes the
interest level in the sport will rise ruther
Indian wrestling is on the rise. The funding to the sport has increased as shown below and this has improved the level of performances. This may
be indicated with the amount spent and the number of medals won (in all forms of international tournaments) in past 3 years. An investment of
INR 24.41 Crore during the period of 2008 – 2011 India has won over 20 medals.
172
Information for educational institutions has been found from their respective websites
173
Page 195 of 201
Wrestling spending corresponding to medals won
12
Medals won
25
24
10
20
8
15
6
10
4
5
2
1
0
0
0
2008-2009
Spending in Cr.
30
2009-2010
2010-2011
Medals won by Year
Spending (` Cr.)
Medals Won
Indian Wrestlers have made a name for themselves on the International circuit since the Bronze medal victory for Sushil Kumar at Beijing 2008.
Wrestlers have proved their potential in the year 2010 with 24 medals, at the Commonwealth Games and the Asian Games.
I.
f
Olympic Games 174
Olympic Medals
4
Medals
3
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1952
2008
Gold
0
0
Silver
0
0
Bronze
1
1
INFERENCE: India has not been a successful nation in wrestling at the Olympics. India’s first medal was a bronze in 1952. India has not
been able to produce many international level wrestlers since. Sushil Kumar is India’s second Olympic medal winner, after he won the
bronze at Beijing, 2008. Sushil Kumar is another Olympic hopeful for London 2012.
f
174
Source: Ersnt & Young research; Indian Olympic Association
Page 196 of 201
Commonwealth Games(1934 - 2010)
12
11
10
10
Medals
8
5
6
3
4
2
0
0 0
1
1
5
3
2 2
0 0
3
3
1
1
6
5
4
2
2
3
4
4
0
1934
1958
1966
1970
1974
1978
1990
2002
2010
Gold
0
1
3
5
3
3
0
10
11
Silver
0
0
2
3
5
4
2
5
6
Bronze
1
0
2
1
1
2
3
4
4
INFERENCE: India has performed well at the Commonwealth Games. From the graph one can see that India did consistently well from the
1966 to 1976 Commonwealth Games and then again in 2002 and 2010. One of the main reasons for success at Wrestling was the
achievement of Sushil Kumar at the Beijing Olympics which has acted as a catalyst for progress in this sport.
f
Asian Games 176
7
Asian Games(1958-2010)
6
6
5
Medals
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
3
3
3
222
2
1 1
1
0
1951
Gold
1
0
000
1954
1958
1 1
0
1962
Silver
1966
Bronze
2
1
00
1970
1974
1 1
0
1978
2
1
1 1
0
1982
0
1986
1990
1
000
000
1994
1998
1
00
0
00
2002
2006
2010
INFERENCE: Historically, India has done well at the Asian Games at Wrestling. The Asian Games have been a platform for Indian wrestlers
to perform. Indian wrestlers have not been able to reach the heights of its history since 1994. With the current success at the
Commonwealth and Asian Games, one can only see Indian wrestlers performing better in the future.
II.
f
175
Source: Ersnt & Young research; Indian Olympic Association
176
Source: Indian Olympic Association , Ernst & Young research
Page 197 of 201
Medals
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Wrestling National Games (2011) (Men)
9
6
4
2
2
1
3
2
1
Haryana
Services
Jharkhand
Gold
9
2
1
Silver
2
4
2
Bronze
1
6
3
At the 2011 National Games, Haryana dominated the men’s category with 12 medals. The state won 9 gold medals, 2 silvers and 1
bronze. Services won 2 gold’s followed by Jharkhand with 1 gold.
f
6
5
Wrestling National Games (2011) (Women)
5
Medals
4
3
3
2
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
Haryana
UP
Punjab
Gold
5
1
1
Silver
0
1
1
Bronze
2
3
0
At the 2011 National Games, Haryana dominated the men’s category with 7 medals. The state won 5 gold medals and 2 bronze. Uttar
Pradesh and Punjab received 1 gold each.
E. Way forward
With the success of Sushil Kumar at the Beijing Olympics, there is an increased level of interest in the sport. The success at the Beijing Olympics
has carried forward to both the Commonwealth Games and Asian Games in 2010 with India performing successfully. India needs to develop
the sport through the region rather than relying on small pockets of talent arising from Haryana. Through initiatives like PYKKA, the sport needs
to be broad based in order to unearth talent for the future.
Page 198 of 201
Annexure III: Meeting Details
National sports federations
S.No
Name of Entity
1
Indian Amateur Boxing Federation
2
Tug Of War Federation of India
3
Table Tennis Federation of India
4
Netball Federation of India
5
Equestrian Federation of India
6
All India Football Federation
7
Amateur Baseball Federation of India
Ministries and departments
S. No
Name of Entity
Topic
1
National Institution of Sports, Patiala
To discuss the Educational Institution Questionnaire
2
Indian Olympic Association
To discuss the NSF Questionnaire
3
Sports Authority of India
T discuss the questionnaires
4
LNCPE
5
MHRD
Planning and statistical planning on physical education
6
MHRD
Physical education as a part of higher education
7
MHRD
Plans on qualification framework/ NOS for physical education
8
CBSE
Skill gaps in physical education
9
National Institution of Open Schooling
Vocational education in PE/ sports
10
AICTE
Technical education in PE/ sports
11
NCTE
Teacher education in PE/ sports
12
MoYAS
Discussion on skill development in the sports sector
Page 199 of 201
Training institutions
S.No
1
Name of Entity
Topic
Amity School for Physical Education and
Supply of Sports related skill in the industry - Capacity and number of courses related to sports skill
Sports
past, current and planned
2
Motilal Nehru School of Sports, Rai
3
Motilal Nehru School of Sports, Rai
4
Centrum Learning Ltd
To discuss skill development agency Questionnaire
5
Christ College
6
IISD
Plans to enter into sports
7
Bharati Vidyapeeth University
Discussions on BVU's involvement with Sports training and education
8
Bradford University
Discussions on sports currirulum and sports photography in UK
9
Edusports
Discussions on India Sports Sector
OTHER STAKEHOLDERS
S.No
Name of Entity
Topic
1
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and
Discussions on Skill Gap Study
Industry
2
SkillsActive, UK
UK sports sector skill council
3
Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and
Discussions on Skill Gap Study and FICCI report on 'Sports as full time career'
Industry
4
DGS
Seek inputs on his experience in sports and get contacts of sports personnel
5
National Games Secretariat, Kerala
Inputs on State Government plans and research plan
6
Sportseed
Details of initiatives in sports education
7
Bradford University
Initiatives in sports sector in India
8
NISTADS
Quantitative research framework
9
AIU
Plans of Indian University on addressing skill gaps in sports
10
UKIERI
UK plans on Indian sports & Sector skill council
11
Chinese Embassy
Skill gap studies and bridging measures
12
Wellocity
Skill employment
13
Turf India
Skill gaps
14
EOSE
Inputs on study framework
15
Veldeman Structure Solutions
Plans for expansion in Indian sports infrastructure
16
Service Skills Australia
Initiatives in sports sector in Australia
17
UKIERI
Discussion on Skills development
Page 200 of 201

Sports

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