TODAY and TOMORROW - OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.

NAVAL IT, C4ISR, SPACE SYSTEMS,
and ENTERPRISE SUPPORT:
TODAY and TOMORROW
FALL
2009
“Team SPAWAR is acquiring and delivering state-of-the-art
C4ISR capability and network-centric interoperability to
our joint forces. Our integrated systems also support the
Maritime Strategy by providing the warfighter in-theater
with the information technology superiority critical to
battlefield success.”
–Rear Admiral Michael C. Bachmann, USN
Commander, Space and Naval Warfare
Systems Command
Letter from the Commander
SPACE AND NAVAL WARFARE SYSTEMS COMMAND
I
n 1984, the term “cyberspace” was introduced in a science fiction novel by William Gibson, where it
described “a graphic representation of data extracted from the banks of every computer in the human
system.” Twenty-three years later, in April 2007, the first public nation-on-nation “cyber attack” took place
on Estonia after that country removed a statue of a Soviet soldier from the town square in its capital, Tallinn,
to the dismay of Soviet descendants who lived in Estonia and Russia. Today, rapid changes continue to take
place in technology and networks across the globe, profoundly changing how people interact. The security
of our nation demands a vision that supports our defense and naval strategy, coupled with an organizational
structure that can unflinchingly execute that strategy in an increasingly interconnected environment.
The Navy has long had both interest and significant investments in what is often called “Information
Technology,” or IT. The challenge of dispersed operations–use of forward-deployed, expeditionary units
carrying out missions in our national interest–has existed since before Teddy Roosevelt sent the Great White
Fleet around the world. Long-range communications, use of computers, “Command and Control,” use of
space-based assets—all of these technologies are indispensable to naval operations today. Because of this
environment, the Navy and our fellow service members in the Marine Corps have, over time, developed both
a cadre of personnel and organizational infrastructure required to remain on the forefront of IT innovation
and use in warfighting and business operations.
Changes happen fast in IT. Accordingly, our organizations and their roles and responsibilities are shifting
at both Navy Headquarters and Department of Defense (DoD) levels, particularly in the cyber arena.
The programs and technology you see in this book today provide a wonderful snapshot of our warfighter
support efforts. While much of what is contained herein will remain current for years, certain elements
will change—some even while this book is in the distribution cycle. But most of the content will remain
timely and accurate, certainly for the next few years. We are the naval C4ISR/cyber and business support
professionals who stand behind today’s Navy, the planning and delivery of our “Next Navy,” and the “Navy
after Next” that is taking shape in our labs with our academic and industry partners.
My organization–Team SPAWAR–is deeply involved in this work.
“Team SPAWAR” consists of the Space and Naval Warfare Systems
Command (including our world-class labs and field activities)
and our affiliated Program Executive Office for Command,
Control, Computers, and Intelligence (PEO C4I); PEO
Space Systems (SS); PEO Enterprise Information
Systems (EIS); and joint PEO for the Joint Tactical
Radio System (JTRS). Team SPAWAR relies
heavily on our fellow C4ISR (Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance) professionals distributed throughout selected commands: Naval
Network Warfare Command (NETWARCOM), Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM),
the newly forming Fleet Cyber Command (FLTCYBERCOM), and the Headquarters Staffs of the Navy
and Marine Corps. Together, we provide a warfighting capability considered absolutely indispensable
in today’s networked world.
For ease of reading, the phrase “C4ISR professionals” will be used throughout this book to refer to the
collective body of professionals drawn from Team SPAWAR, MARCORSYSCOM, NETWARCOM,
FLTCYBERCOM, Navy and Marine Corps Headquarters Staffs, and other various organizational
elements in both the Navy and Marine Corps. These C4I, Information Operations (IO), and IT
professionals are in the field, at the command centers and operational facilities, and are distributed
throughout the shore infrastructure supporting both deployed and Continental United States (CONUS)based operations today.
Our C4ISR professionals are both sustaining and creating capabilities, while continuing to evolve and
improve the naval C4ISR suite. These capabilities are an essential, vital element of our national security
strategy. Networks, sensors, computers, and mobile devices are continuing to converge; the tools of
computing are becoming ubiquitous, affecting every part of our daily lives. Naval C4ISR capabilities
are the backbone for both Navy and Marine Corps warfighting readiness overall, while simultaneously
enabling needed business processes.
This book describes that capability. You will read about how our people, systems, and fielded capabilities
are making a difference on today’s battlefield. You will see investment areas within the current Program
Objective Memorandum (POM) cycle building future abilities and potential that will position our naval
forces to address the diverse strategic challenges we will face through 2012 and beyond. You will see a
discussion of emerging technologies that point to science and technology investment areas that hold
great promise for the future Navy and Marine Corps. We share this information to inform and guide
the actions of those whose support is critical to our continued success.
RADM Michael C. Bachmann, USN
Commander,
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Roles and Current Threats: TODAY’S CHALLENGES................................................................................... 1
THE ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
To Shape a Global Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Collaborative Decision Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Future Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Spearheading Network Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
C4ISR Professionals Execute the Maritime Strategy. . . . . . . . 5
C4ISR Professionals Enable Decision Superiority. . . . . . . . . . 8
CURRENT CAPABILITY: TODAY’S NAVY AND MARINE CORPS............................................................................ 9
OVERSEAS OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Marines Networking on the Move. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
New C4I Front-Line Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
MRAP C4I Integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ISR: Sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Mobile C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Mobile Ashore Support Terminal (MAST) . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Mobile Operations Control Center (MOCC) . . . . . . . . . . 18
Information Operations (IO) Provider . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Tactical Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Blue in Support of Green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Enhanced Manpack UHF Terminal (EMUT). . . . . . . . . . . 21
Commercial Broadband Satellite Program (CBSP). . . . . . 22
Communications at Speed and Depth (CSD) . . . . . . . . . . 23
Common Submarine Radio Room (CSRR). . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
SubNet Relay (SNR) and High-Frequency
Internet Protocol (HFIP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Coalition Partners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
MDA and Defense in Depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
CENTRIXS-M Builds Partnerships. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Fleet Operations – Space. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Ultimate High Ground. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Space-Enabled Net-Centric Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
SUPPORTING FLEET OPERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NCTAMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NCTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
SOCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NOCs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
ONE-NET. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NCDOC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
MCNOSC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NETWARCOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Team SPAWAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
MARCORSYSCOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Headquarters Staffs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
US Cyber Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Fleet Cyber Command/10TH Fleet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Functions and Infrastructure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Computer Network Defense (CND). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
NAVCIRT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
NETOPS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Tactical Switching (TSw) Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
NMCI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Wireless and Mobile Computing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Shipboard Grooming: Predeployment Inspection
and Certification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
IT Readiness Review (ITRR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Fleet Technical Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Navy “Business” – Corporate Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Navy Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Continuous Process Improvement (CPI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
“Back Office” Operations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Lifecycle Management and Logistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Navy Standard Integrated Personnel System (NSIPS). . . 45
Medical Readiness Reporting System (MRRS) . . . . . . . . . 45
Sailor Choice: Sea Warrior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Official Navy Data Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Largest Quality of Life Help Desk in the Navy. . . . . . . . . . 45
RANGE OF WARFARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Navy Air and Missile Defense Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Theater Battle Management Core Systems (TBMCS) . . . . . 48
ROW Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Defense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
C2 Battle Management Communications (C2BMC) . . . . . . 49
FUTURE CAPABILITY: NEXT NAVY AND MARINE CORPS.................................................................................. 51
CONVERGE NETWORKS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
IT Network Revolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
On Course to a Solution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Networks are a Combat System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
CANES Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
MCEITS Initiative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Naval Networking Environment (NNE) of 2016. . . . . . . . . . 59
Network Transformation, Other Domains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Advancing Airborne Networks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Investments Improving Joint Communications . . . . . . . . 62
Vision: Enhanced Warfighter Capability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Success Story:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Submarine Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
End-to-End Connectivity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
DECOUPLE SERVICES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Afloat Networks: Building on the Backbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
SOA: An Affordable Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
SOA as an IT Transformation Tool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Consolidation and Synchronization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Optimum Business and Warfighter Architecture. . . . . . . 69
FUTURE CAPABILITY: NEXT NAVY AND MARINE CORPS (continued)
Benefits of SOA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Other Investment Areas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
HM&E/Combat Systems Network Development. . . . . . . . . 73
Success Story: Empowering the Fleet: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) CSG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
ENHANCE CURRENT CAPABILITY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Naval “Firsts” in Modernizing Communications. . . . . . . . . . 75
Operational Flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Information Transport C4I Portfolio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
National Security Space Enterprise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
JTRS Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Linking Warriors to the GIG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
CENTRIXS-M Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Success Story: Multiplying Bandwidth on Ships: . . . . . . . . . 81
ADNS Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Streamlining via DMR Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
CBSP and NMT Program Enhancements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Investments in IPv6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
OPERATIONALIZE C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Investments in Naval Expeditionary C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
The Sea as Maneuver Space: Seabasing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Strategic Collaborative Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Maritime Operations Center (MOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
“Plug-and-Fight” C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Trident Warrior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
MOC Enhancements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Deployable Joint C2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
ISR and C2 Program Portfolio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Transitioning C2 and ISR to SOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Persistent Surveillance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Success Story: NCW Exemplified: Task Force 50. . . . . . . . . . 99
CYBER WARFARE: RESHAPING A DYNAMIC BATTLESPACE........................................................................... 101
Protecting Cyberspace is Vital to National Security. . . . . . 103
Cyber Force Alignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
USCYBERCOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
FLTCYBERCOM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
NETWARCOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
OPNAV N2/6 Directorate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Defining the Battlespace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Technological Challenges and Opportunities. . . . . . . . . 106
The Cyber Workforce. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
OPNAV and Acquisition Community Alignment. . . . . . 109
NGEN System Program Office (SPO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Network Governance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
C4ISR Role in Cyber Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Information Operations (IO). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Information Assurance (IA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Defense in Depth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
IA Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Electronic Key Management System (EKMS). . . . . . . . . 113
Cryptographic Products and Crypto Modernization. . . 113
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Computer Network Defense (CND). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Certification & Accreditation (C&A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Moving Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
TOTAL WORKFORCE: OUR PEOPLE.................................................................................................................. 117
Stand Up of Information Dominance Corps . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Resource Alignment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Retention. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Active Reserve Integration (ARI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY: NAVY AND MARINE CORPS AFTER NEXT............................................................. 123
Future Science and Technology Investments. . . . . . . . . . . . 125
AN ILLUSTRATION OF THE VISION
Orange vs. Purple: Aboard The USS Harry S. Truman
(CVN 75), Year 2029. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Inside the Combined Operations Center (COC). . . . . . . . . 128
Benefits of New Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
Cyber Watch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Evolution of Navy C4ISR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Automated Workflow Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Implications for Cyber. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Bird’s Eye View: USDC “Teleporting” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Integration of Unmanned Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
Enhanced Situation Awareness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Force Protection Watch Station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Smaller, Smarter Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Objective in Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
OPC: Commander’s Conference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Seamless Information Exchange Realized. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Humanitarian Mission Accomplished. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Data Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Semantic Web: Effective Info Sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
UCore: Enhancing Naval Productivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Future Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
SUMMARY: THE VISION................................................................................................................................... 141
APPENDICES................................................................................................................................................... 143
Appendix A: Major Contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Appendix B: Acronyms and Abbreviations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Appendix C: Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Appendix D: Image Credits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Appendix E: Links. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Roles AND Current Threats
TODAY’S
CHALLENGES
THE ENVIRONMENT
To Shape a Global Network
N
etworking capability is essential to executing an effective US Navy and Marine Corps strategy for the
21st century. Networks expand the effectiveness of US forces through more effective information
sharing, multiplying the power of limited numbers of units and small forces. As the nation’s toplevel strategies evolve, the Navy and Marine Corps are networking more with joint, allied, coalition forces,
nongovernmental organizations, and Other Government Agencies (OGA) to defend the maritime global
commons and cooperate in multinational sea-air power projection. Shaping a collaborative, shared workspace
and increasing US capability with these partners is a core 21st-century strategic challenge.
Naval networks will operate both within the overall US exclusive military/government domain and into the
public realm, leveraging commercial networks and information assets. This emerging operating concept
has placed additional burdens on naval networks regarding procedures, protocols, security, language, and
equipment. Global maritime security depends on global information sharing. The future Navy must do more
with a smaller number of ships that must see beyond their own horizons to remain effective throughout a
vast maritime domain; networking makes that possible.
“The basic premise of our maritime strategy is that the
United States is a force for good in the world–that while
we are capable of launching a clenched fist when we
must–offering the hand of friendship is also an essential,
prominent tool in our kit.”
– General James T. Conway
Commandant of the Marine Corps

Collaborative Decision Making
Operations in the maritime domain demand Command, Control, Communications, and Computers (C4)
capabilities both globally and regionally coupled with Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
(ISR) assets. For enhanced maritime capability, services must exploit new military technologies and
capabilities among regional allies. At a minimum, US forces and allies must share common C2, with regular
participation of coalition officers trained to work on combined staffs. When these prerequisites are met,
the integration of compatible C4ISR systems for warfighter decision-makers becomes a coalition force
multiplier, enabling effective integration of US capabilities with allies—a true collaborative environment
for military operations.
Future Trends
The Sea Services are growing more dependent upon “Network-Centric Warfare” (NCW), a doctrine of war
pioneered by the Department of Defense (DoD) that seeks to translate an information advantage, enabled
in part by IT, into a competitive warfighting advantage through the robust networking of well-informed
geographically dispersed forces. NCW is appealing for several reasons: (1) fewer US and allied naval forces
in theater cause increased reliance on dispersed, interactive operations; (2) advanced communication
and data transmission systems enhance tactical advantages of those dispersed forces (e.g., Cooperative
Engagement Capability [CEC]); and (3) wider, accelerated use of offboard/remote sensors that use networking
for information dissemination and control (e.g., satellites and unmanned aerial, surface, and undersea
vehicles—including armed unmanned platforms). These NCW trends continue to accelerate with demands
on naval networks for more effective use of bandwidth to accommodate new requirements. Communication
and network capabilities and techniques, including time-sharing, burst communications, data routing, and
assignment of priorities are vital to warfare success in such an environment.
Spearheading Transformation
C4ISR professionals are playing a major role in transitioning the Navy and Marine Corps into the evolving
world of 21st-century IT, and are positioned at the nexus of two ongoing revolutions in warfare. The
first is the increasing centralization of information networks for sharing precise, accurate, and timely
tactical information among all levels of forces—leading to decentralized, or what the Marine Corps
calls enhanced company operations. The second revolution is the exponential increase in commercial
availability of information-handling and computing power that underlies today’s proliferation of networks
and their interconnection.
Increased use of data transmission and communications by naval forces will also provide potential
adversaries with greater access to the means and techniques for interfering with advanced networks.
This became evident when Iraqi forces attempted to obstruct Global Positioning System (GPS) weapon
guidance during the 2003 conflict and recent foreign cyber attacks on Congressional, DoD, and other
government agency networks. Adversaries possess an agility advantage in developing cyber-attack
capabilities, because of the nature of a large, complex, hierarchal institution such as the US armed forces,
readily available cyber-attack techniques (often disseminated on the Internet), and the near-ubiquity of
commercial hardware and software. These security considerations have profound implications for the
naval IT community.
As these advanced information networks evolve, the role of common protocols and communication
technologies in melding forces grows in strategic significance. Surface, submarine, air platforms, shore
facilities, and land combatants all have their own core competencies and capabilities which, when
exercised to their full potential, are essential to the success of any naval strategy. Fundamentally, however,
these platforms are nodes in a network that need to be deployed and interconnected. A flexible, open
architecture–one that separates data, applications, and hardware–will make possible the seamless
interoperability of all cooperating forces and facilitate the “plug-and-fight” integration of new arrivals,
regardless of the internal details of their hardware or software applications. Simultaneously, the cyber
defense of networks, connectivity, and decision-making systems must become an essential element of our
IT infrastructure, even as our own ability to attack adversarial networks creates new opportunities.
US national security, homeland security, and military strategies envision a 21st-century maritime and
littoral battlespace dominated by strongly networked sea-air-land forces comprising US, allied, coalition,
and nongovernmental assets. As the key provider of the pervasive C4ISR network needed to make this
vision a reality, the Department of the Navy (DoN) C4ISR team—which includes headquarters staffs,
systems and type command personnel, and other specialists, remains an important enabler for creating
and maintaining these critical maritime force networks of the future.
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Roles and Current Threats
4
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C4ISR Professionals Execute the Maritime Strategy
Comprising the world’s oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, littorals, and the airspace above them, the maritime
domain connects nations and supports more than 90% of the world’s trade. Recognizing the vital strategic
and economic importance of maintaining stability within the vast global maritime commons, the Navy,
Marine Corps, and Coast Guard created a unified maritime strategy, A Cooperative Strategy for 21st
Century Seapower. The Maritime Strategy integrates joint seapower with other elements of national
power, as well as those of our friends and allies, to protect the maritime domain anywhere in the world
today, and well into the future.
These integrated, joint “netted forces” will increasingly depend on their ability to securely share reliable
information in a net-centric environment, since the foundation of maritime security rests upon Battlespace
Awareness (BA): knowing what is moving above, on, and beneath the oceans. Commanders must be able to
understand the dispositions and intentions of others operating in their area, as well as the characteristics
and conditions of the operational environment itself. By delivering FORCEnet, the architecture that
aligns and integrates naval warfare systems, functions, and missions, Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM,
FLTCYBERCOM, OPNAV staff, and USMC C4 Information Operations (IO) and Information Technology
(IT) communities provide the joint capabilities of Net-Centric Operations (NCO), BA, and Command
and Control (C2). Together, these joint capabilities provide the networked sensors, systems, and trained
operators that acquire and distribute information. Those sensors, systems, and operators enable a
commander’s awareness and empower decision making to accomplish the six key strategic imperatives of
the Maritime Strategy:
• Imperative: Limit regional conflict with forward-deployed, decisive maritime power. Exploitation
of cyberspace will enable the Navy and Marine Corps to optimize their forward presence, maintain
maritime domain awareness, and connectivity over a broader geographic area, offering economy of
force, while supporting critical missions. Networked naval forces will be able to aggregate for potential
major conflict or disaggregate for maritime security operations globally. Where and when applicable,
forward-deployed maritime forces will use C4ISR systems to isolate, capture, or destroy terrorists, their
infrastructure, resources, and sanctuaries, often in conjunction with coalition partners.
5
• Imperative: Deter major power war. Preventing wars is as important as winning them. The
expeditionary character of maritime forces–our lethality, global reach, speed, endurance, and ability
to overcome barriers to access–provide the joint commander with a range of deterrent options. Our
advantage in space-based assets–upon which much of our ability to operate in a networked, dispersed
fashion depends–must be protected and extended. Cyberspace offensive and defensive capabilities also
provide joint commanders with new nonkinetic deterrence options. Current C4ISR investments in Range
of Warfare (ROW) also support this imperative. The commander armed with the power of effectively
networked information maintains a distinct tactical edge over his adversary to assess situations, rapidly
determine threats, and act decisively to carry the day.
Roles and Current Threats
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• Imperative: Win our nation’s wars. The ability to operate freely at sea is one of the most important
enablers of joint and interagency operations. Sea control must expand to include “sea-based cyber
control,” to protect national interests and to project power across the cyber lines of communication,
including undersea cables, the maritime electromagnetic spectrum, and low-earth orbiting satellites.
Sea-based cyber control must also support distributed maritime operations, monitored in globally
netted, cyber-empowered Maritime Operations Centers (MOC), tracking every ship with the same
persistence and fidelity as aircraft are tracked today.
• Imperative: Contribute to homeland defense in depth. The layered, in-depth defense provided by
our maritime forces are defending the homeland by identifying and eliminating threats as far from
American shores as possible. Our efforts to enhance Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) and improve
C4I interoperability contribute to the safety, security, and economy of our nation and its partners. In
regional wireless environments, or against physically closed, stand-alone networks, the Navy brings a
unique capability to gain access to otherwise closed and inaccessible networks within the last tactical
mile. The Navy must leverage its forward presence to project cyber power and put information on target
with the same skill and precision that it has long projected kinetic power.
• Imperative: Foster and sustain cooperative relationships with more international partners.
Cooperative relationships contribute to the security and stability of the maritime domain for the benefit
of all. The pervasive presence of global networks provides an opportunity for maritime forces to share
information among allied maritime nations across geographic boundaries and build relationships
through humanitarian assistance to mitigate threats short of war, including piracy, terrorism, weapons
proliferation, drug trafficking, and other illicit activities.
• Imperative: Prevent or contain local disruptions before they impact the global system. The
expeditionary character of maritime forces uniquely positions them to provide assistance. Our ability to
conduct rapid, sustained noncombatant evacuation and humanitarian assistance operations is critical.
The power of networks and information sharing enhances understanding of where needs are greatest
following a disaster, speeds the delivery of services to the affected areas, and provides improved methods
to monitor recovery actions.
C4ISR Professionals Enable Decision Superiority
Tailored to ensure decision superiority in a world of increasing complexity, naval C4ISR professionals
are strongly poised to evolve naval cyber forces into a 21st-century world that requires new capabilities,
capacities, and competencies to protect US and allied interests in a cyber-centric world. The Navy and
Marine Corps–increasingly working closely with the Coast Guard–will be required to accomplish an everincreasing range of missions dependent upon secure, collaborative networking across military, civilian,
domestic, and international boundaries. C4ISR professionals will play major roles in these missions
by providing commanders with the enhanced C2, NCO, and BA capabilities to make better, timelier
decisions to ensure effective execution. Operating at the nexus of seapower and cyberpower, today’s C4ISR
professionals–whether deployed or providing support from ashore–are taking naval forces into the 21st
century as informed ambassadors and effective warriors, serving our nation’s interests, and facilitating free
global interaction from the sea.
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Roles and Current Threats
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Current Capability
Today’s Navy
and Marine Corps
T
he current capability of the US naval forces is unmatched in the global naval hierarchy. The
Navy and Marine Corps exercise this capability daily—fulfilling heavy operational demands and
completing long deployments. Warfighters, acquisition professionals, engineers, analysts, managers,
and logisticians from Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM, FLTCYBERCOM, OPNAV staff, and USMC
C4 Information Operations (IO) and Information Technology (IT) communities provide the strategy,
technical leadership, and skills that enable these operations. Engaged in the battle today, these C4ISR/
IO/IT professionals are actively provisioning sensor inputs to commanders in the field; operating unique
equipment with deployed forces; and creating, operating, and defending our global electronic presence.
In the paragraphs that follow, you will see examples of how these professionals are participating in every
aspect of Navy and Marine Corps missions today. Funding not only supports acquiring new capabilities
and bringing technology to new programs, but also represents a substantial investment in
actually operating the force. Answering Secretary of Defense Robert Gates call, these
professionals play a huge role in our current warfighting efforts.
“Until recently, there has not been an institutional
home in the Defense Department for today’s
warfighter. Our contemporary wartime needs must
receive steady long-term funding. I intend to use the
fiscal 2010 budget to directly support, protect, and
care for the man or woman at the front.”
– Mr. Robert M. Gates
Secretary of Defense

Overseas Operations
C4ISR professionals are participating in all aspects of current operations. They are supplying tools to
mobile forces, providing connectivity and reach-back, delivering sensors, and inserting special teams to
meet specific operational needs.
These relationships would not be possible without the extension of C4I network connectivity down to
company level and below. Today’s Marine platoons utilize streaming full-motion video of Intelligence,
Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) feeds and voice over IP telephony (VoIP) often down to platoon level,
a capability available today that was only accessible at the division level in the early days of Operation Iraqi
Freedom (OIF) in 2003. Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) is using new applications
such as biometrics–automated methods of recognizing a person based on physiological or behavioral
characteristics–that have moved directly to the warfighter, resulting in denying insurgents anonymity and
ability to communicate as “signalers,” leaders who command armed fighters with hand and arm gestures.
Improved connectivity has placed greater demand for more bandwidth, particularly for Beyond Line of
Sight (BLOS) links. Marine Corps C4 efforts are currently expanding bandwidth capacity for Marines on the
edge of the battlefield via increased civilian C4I personnel support, training, and deployment of commercial
satellite communications terminals for orbital links. According to USMC Major General (sel) George J. Allen,
Director of Marine Corps C4, “Marine C4I requires a robust, rapidly fielded highly mobile IP networking
capability adapted to the swift force movement characteristic of modern combat.”
New C4I Front-Line Technologies
Marines Networking on the Move
As the tempo of front-line operations increases, MARCORSYSCOM is rapidly fielding advanced technology
to meet warfighter demands, improve capability, and achieve results. The 155-millimeter infrared (IR)
illuminating projectile, when launched, casts IR illumination over the battlefield that exposes enemy
forces to US forces using night-vision equipment, improving battlespace awareness for more effective
engagement. Another valuable tool for Marines is the Improved Thermal Sight System for light armored
vehicle (LAVs). “This second-generation thermal site provides clearer images, increased detection range
and sensitivity, and boosts target effectiveness,” states Brigadier General Michael Brogan, Commander of
MARCORSYSCOM. Further, these technologies are enabling reconnaissance battalions to improve tactical
understanding of operational zones through geolocation photography. Photos taken on the battlefield are
automatically tagged and loaded with GPS-embedded coordinates and then logged into digital tactical maps.
This powerful capability gives commanders the ability to “point and click” operational data such as photos,
text, video, and audio reports that link back to a specific area on the map for analysis and planning. Newly
added fine-tuning capabilities, such as a laser range finder, digital compass, and azimuth feature indicate
relative range of objects further away from the camera for improved strike capability. C4I investments are
improving operational capabilities for today’s conflicts.
Forward-deployed mobile warriors are using C4I tools to conduct effective, targeted major combat operations
in Iraq and Afghanistan. These tools continue to play major roles in achieving success on the battlefield. A
case in point is once-uncontrollable Ramadi, formerly one of the most dangerous Al Qaeda strongholds in
the Iraq provincial capital of Al Anbar Province and southwest point of the “Sunni Triangle.” Battle-tested
C4I has evolved as a force multiplier in maintaining stability in Ramadi and continues to evolve today in
Afghanistan. Successful counterinsurgency efforts by Marines and Soldiers have involved pacifying areas in
enemy territory through small forward-deployed garrisons with interlocking communications fortified by
sensor-driven intelligence. Short-range patrols from garrisons gather information and engage the enemy;
such patrols mean less time on roads, which avoid road- and vehicle-borne Improvised Explosive Devices
(IEDS) that inflict casualties and damage, with the potential for greatly restricting movement. Joint and
local national forces have built networks of indigenous people familiar with the terrain and regional culture,
allowing more direct contact between the military force leader and the local leadership.
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CURRENT CAPABILITy
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MRAP C4I Integration
SPAWAR Systems Center Atlantic (SSC LANT) is leading the charge protecting warfighters through stateof-the-art C4ISR technology integration into multiplatform Mine-Resistant Ambush-Protected (MRAP)
vehicles. Improved battlefield intelligence generated and shared directly by the troops in the field are helping
MRAP crews increase understanding of the “who, what, and when” of threats.
Responding to the Chief of Naval Operations’ (CNO) call to bring “game-changing ideas” to the Fleet, the
MRAP C4I Integration Team, in partnership with project lead MARCORSYSCOM, speedily ramped up
C4ISR suite integration into more than 60 MRAP vehicles per day. The electronics suites provide enhanced
intelligence and communications capabilities in a heavy electronics countermeasures environment.
MRAPs support counterinsurgency operations, multimission operations (convoy lead, troop transport,
and ambulance), mine and IED clearance operations, and explosive ordnance disposal. The Marine Corps
Warfighting Lab and the Joint IED Defeat Organization continue to develop and field technologies that either
prevent IEDs from detonating (jammers) or cause them to detonate well in front of the vehicle (mine roller).
In addition to the modified vehicles’ V-shaped hulls that deflect blasts and shrapnel to provide protection
that is more effective for service members inside, C4I suites that include radios, electronic warfare devices
such as advanced IED jamming capability, sensors, intravehicle C2 systems, and other classified equipment
are saving the lives of Marines, Soldiers, and Sailors everyday in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The goal is to continue protecting warfighters from deadly IED threats, which are still the numberone hazard and projected danger to ground forces for years to come. This critical, DoD-designated
number-one Program of Record (POR) became the largest and fastest military acquisition buildup
since WW II. Less than 18 months after the project launched in February 2007, more than 10,000
fully outfitted vehicles have been delivered in theater thanks to a coordinated Continuous
Process Improvement (CPI)/Lean Six Sigma (LSS) effort—a disciplined process
improvement methodology that utilizes resources efficiently, saves costs, and
increases readiness. According to BGen Brogan, “The many successes of
the joint MRAP vehicle program are the result of an overwhelming
team effort by many players.” Secretary of Defense Robert Gates
stated, “This is a significant achievement. The program has
gone from zero to 10,000 in just about a year and a
half. These vehicles have proven themselves on
the battlefield and are saving lives.”
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ISR: Sensors
While C2 applications, communications devices, and computers used by front-line warfighters garner
much attention, those systems would be useless without sensor input. Everyone from Marines in the field
to Combatant Commanders (COCOMs) with global responsibilities count on delivery of timely sensor
information. The largest expansion in this field has been in the equipping and utilization of Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles (UAVs), important ISR assets for naval and joint forces. Cameras on the aircraft help commanders on
the ground see and map out a wide area of operations with their “persistent surveillance” capability. Capable
of flying in poor weather coupled with continued insertion of new technologies, and proven in real-world
operations, the UAVs are rapidly evolving into powerfully networked game-changing ISR platforms. The
C4ISR professionals outfitting and operating these systems are making a difference on today’s battlefields.
• ScanEagle
ScanEagle is a small tactical UAV sensor equipped with sensors for day and night detection of stationary
or moving targets. Widely deployed in Iraq and Afghanistan, the UAV is capable of launching from
ships and is equipped with a repeater for the Automatic Identification System (AIS) that transmits
information on identity, course, speed, and other data on large ships back to the launching ship.
ScanEagle played a key ISR role in the April 12, 2009 rescue of Captain Richard Phillips of the Maersk
Alabama who was captured by four Somali pirates and held in a 28-foot lifeboat. ScanEagle, catapulted
off the USS Bainbridge (DDG 96), detected the lifeboat in the Indian Ocean and tracked its activities,
sending electro-optical (EO) and IR still and video feeds
to the Bainbridge. ScanEagle provided the Navy with
critical data and improved its situational awareness
during the tense standoff, which culminated in
Navy Sea Air and Land (SEAL) sharpshooters
ending the incident April 12, killing
three pirates, taking a fourth into
Navy custody, and whisking
Captain Phillips safely aboard
the Bainbridge.
• Raven B
The Raven is a 4.2-pound, backpack-able, quiet, hand-launched sensor platform that provides day and
night, real-time video imagery for “over the hill” and “around the corner” ISR and target acquisition.
Raven Bs are giving Marines a longer, more detailed look for route planning in obstructed terrain like a
city block in Iraq or Afghanistan’s hills and mountains. Human factors engineering made it is so simple
to operate that one of the best pilots in the Iraqi theater was a cook.
• Shadow
The Shadow is an unarmed tactical reconnaissance UAV currently in active service with the Army and
Marine Corps in Iraq and Afghanistan.
• GBOSS
MARCORSYSCOM is fielding the Ground Based Operational Surveillance System (GBOSS) multiple
camera continuous surveillance system. The GBOSS allows the user to identify a civilian, terrorist,
insurgent, or criminal and the type of weapon carried. Enemy snipers have fewer opportunities to sneak
up on Marines or plant roadside bombs. Patrols are more effective in surveillance, gathering intelligence,
and can patrol less, thus saving lives. Footage of insurgents’ actions can be used immediately or later,
allowing Marines to not only identify threats, but also plan tactics for offensives. ‘‘It is really easy to
use,” said Sgt. Joshua Carter, instructor at the Field Artillery Meteorological Crewmembers Course at
Fort Sill, OK. Carter learned how to use GBOSS in just a few hours. ‘‘It is definitely a way to identify
someone wicked fast and kill the bad guy before he kills us. They will never know when or where we
are watching.”
• Undersea Sensors
Mapping the sea floor and its associated environs requires sensors that move in another medium. Many
undersea sensor systems exist, and the bulk of the discussion about coverage or capability quickly moves
beyond classification levels appropriate for this publication. C4ISR professionals continue to support
sensor operations today. SSC PAC is exploring and supporting a number of undersea applications
for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) and undersea glider technology. The Ocean Bottom
Characterization Initiative (OBCI) is characterizing the seafloor (acoustic bottom loss, scattering
strength, and bottom layers) using passive acoustic sensors deployed on Autonomous Underwater
Gliding Vehicles (AUGVs). This effort will transfer into the Littoral Battle Space Sensor Fusion and
Integration (LBSF&I) Program as part of Program Objective Memorandum (POM) 12.
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CURRENT CAPABILITy
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Mobile C2
Mobile Ashore Support Terminal (MAST)
MAST is a key C4I enabler currently employed by Riverine forces in Iraq, the Maritime Expeditionary
Security Force (MESF) in Kuwait, and Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) forces in Afghanistan. MAST
is a self-sufficient scalable C4I system of systems that includes global and tactical communications,
classified and unclassified networks, C2, and other computer assets. Riverine detachments patrol inland
waterways and protect dams vital to Iraq’s economy. MESF MAST supports harbor security in the US
Central Command (CENTCOM) Area of Responsibility (AOR) and oil terminal security—critical for
worldwide petroleum shipments. In Afghanistan, EOD employs their MAST to coordinate operations
throughout the country, with Navy EOD forces supporting
all services in the defeat of IEDs and other explosives.
Mobile Operations Control Center (MOCC)
C4ISR onboard imaging and electronic system technologies
aboard Navy P-3 Orion surveillance aircraft play major roles
locating and hunting down enemy fighters in remote Afghan
mountain locations. Flying missions over more than 650,000 square
miles of Afghan terrain, the P-3s are supported by critical sea-to-airto-ground communications in far-flung operations by a small group of
ground-based allies: the MOCCs. These currently deployed expeditionary
communications providers support Overseas Contingency Operations
throughout the Middle East, Republic of the Philippines, and the Horn of
Africa. Comprising small, specialized, and self-sufficient detachments (six to
twelve Sailors) available on short notice, MOCCs quickly transmit ISR data from
the P-3s (e.g., bomb damage assessments and locations of enemy troops to military
commanders for timely action from nearby ground troops. MOCCs deployed in
Afghanistan are making vital contributions to tactical mission planning; intelligence collection; and
mission brief preparation supporting naval and joint commanders.
MOCCs are one of three fielded programs supported by the Tactical/Mobile (TacMobile) POR. Two
other systems are Tactical Support Centers (TSC), which also provide operational ground support
for Maritime Patrol and Reconnaissance Aircraft, and the JMAST that provide C4I support to naval
Component Commanders ashore.
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
Information Operations (IO) Provider
Sensors coupled with operators in an operational theater create a shared network to exploit for operational
success. The increased use of networked computers and supporting IT infrastructure systems by military
and civilian organizations creates new vulnerabilities and opportunities for US forces—a field
of military operations focused on attacking/defending information systems, their outputs,
and their users: IO. Team SPAWAR and fellow C4ISR professionals are strengthening IO
capabilities in three different areas: 1) Cyberspace to enable warfighters to achieve decision
superiority; 2) Computer Network Operations (CNO) and Computer Network Defense
(CND) to protect Navy networks and operating establishments; 3) Development of
strong ties to Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD), antisubmarine warfare (ASW), and
irregular warfare programs to meet adversaries with asymmetric capabilities,
including electronic warfare and CNO.
Highly trained CEXCs such as Canadian Navy diver Lt. Cdr. Roland Leyte, work in the battle-scared
terrain of southern Afghanistan gathering bomb-scene data for incorporation into the massive
database at Bagram Air Base north of Kabul for further study. According to Leyte, “In Afghanistan,
because it’s a war zone, we only get 30 to 90 minutes to get all our forensics and get on the helicopter
again.” Leyte’s evidence is helping locate and root out Al Qaeda or Taliban insurgent networks, saving
lives and preventing future attacks. Perhaps a CEXC collecting
fingerprint or DNA information today will prevent a NATO
coalition base from future infiltration by a terrorist posing
as a local worker.
These joint, allied, and coalition forces, play critical roles
in today’s operational successes.
IO is not conducted solely from air-conditioned computer operations centers.
Currently, NETWARCOM maintains a boots-on-ground forward IO
presence today through deployment of hundreds of Individual
Augmentee (IA) personnel to Iraq, Afghanistan, and other locations
performing CNO, signals intelligence (SIGINT), and cryptology.
Information Warfare Officers (IWO), IT Technicians, and Cryptologic
Technicians (CT) are in the field working closely with joint and multinational
forces in a wide variety of special missions:
• Tactical Cryptologic Support (TCS) Teams
TCS personnel fully integrate with Naval Special Warfare (NSW) teams,
providing SIGINT support for force protection, indications, warning of enemy
activity, and direct action/special reconnaissance missions. These Sailors are on the
ground, taking the fight to the enemy. The unique skills and capabilities they bring to the fight are
critically important to operational success—their impact is significant and often immediate. Collected
intelligence is quickly routed by analysts to target databases for immediate team access. Everyone
knows it when an insurgent is taken off the streets, and further exploitation yields even more data
to all involved in the hunt.
• Joint Expeditionary SIGINT Terminal Response Unit (JESTR)
NETWARCOM Sailors embedded with Army units are working the streets side-by-side with Soldiers
identifying, locating, and engaging insurgents. Like their counterparts in the TCS teams, they play
an integral role in operations.
• Combined Explosives Exploitation Cell (CEXC)
CEXCs comprise military, scientific, and law enforcement teams that perform IED forensics and
gather intelligence, often under severe time-constraints, to stay ahead of technological advances
employed by insurgent bomb makers. The Navy is fielding teams focused on improving long-term
capabilities to understand, evaluate, and defeat asymmetric kinetic attacks—physical surprise attacks
by a weak adversary upon a stronger enemy’s perceived weakness. Investments in effectively employing
specialized personnel with the knowledge, skills, experience, and materiel to neutralize and defeat
such attacks are necessary to defend US and allied interests.
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
Tactical Communications
To support forces in the field and afloat, the Navy has fielded numerous systems and capabilities to enhance
communications, data reach-back, and mobile C2 capabilities. Existing on amphibious ships, aviation
platforms and aircraft, and submarines and ashore, the support provided by C4ISR professionals at work
today facilitates and enhances the operational capabilities of our entire force.
Blue in Support of Green
The Navy supports the Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) commander “Blue In Support of Green”
(BISOG) by providing two channels of High Frequency Shipboard Automatic Link Establishment (ALE)
Radio (HFSAR) capability on amphibious ships that provide continuous Line of Sight (LOS) and BLOS
communication links for both voice and data to Marines ashore in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Enhanced Manpack UHF Terminal (EMUT)
The EMUT antenna, also known as the Conical Logarithmic Spiral Mobile (CLSM), is an omnidirectional
antenna designed to provide over-the-horizon tactical satellite voice and data communications in the Ultra
High Frequency (UHF) frequency band. It is currently being used in today’s operations, Humanitarian Civil
Assistance (HCA), and the war on piracy. EMUT provides a capability independent of shipboard radio,
antenna, and crypto availability, and is used by Marine Reconnaissance and Humanitarian Missions to
relay target imagery and other valuable data back to the Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU) commander.
By permanently installing EMUT antennas vice temporary installations on/off amphibious platforms,
the Navy/Marine Corps team will save approximately $1M a year. Permanent installations have begun
with the first install on USS Nassau (LHA 4) and 10 more in fiscal year 2009.
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Commercial Broadband Satellite Program (CBSP)
Since last fall, warfighters onboard the mine countermeasure ship USS Champion (MCM 4), and
patrol craft USS Hurricane (PC 3), have begun to operate with improved communications capability
and performance, thanks to new technology executed by Program Executive Office for Command,
Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (PEO C4I) under CBSP, the next-generation
Navy Commercial Satellite Communications (COMSATCOM) Program. As the Navy adopts more
computer-based applications, communications, and networking, CBSP brings the once bandwidthdeprived Patrol Coastal community into the information age. According to LT Kathryn Devine, CO,
USS Chinook (PC 9), CBSP capability allows smooth communications in near real-time between ship
and the maintenance team on shore. “Enhanced connectivity on classified network and CENTRIXS [i.e.,
Combined Enterprise Regional Information Exchange System Maritime (CENTRIXS-M)] has provided
some additional key communication paths to our operational commander via chat servers.”
CBSP allows Sailors and Marines to take required online courses, check email, connect with their
families, surf the web, and access personnel files at about the same speed as a home broadband
connection. Operational information on SIPRnet is now available to even our smallest platforms. For
LCDR John Callaway, CO of the minesweeper Champion, “It’s the first time I have been able to surf
the SIPRnet while at sea.”
CURRENT CAPABILITy
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Communications at Speed and Depth (CSD)
Common Submarine Radio Room (CSRR)
Team SPAWAR’s multifaceted contribution to winning our nation’s wars is impressive and wide-ranging,
extending into the realm of undersea communications. Current spending on the CSD Program,
directed by PEO C4I Submarine Integration, is essential to the Navy’s undersea communications
network. Operational tests performed with the USS Harry S. Truman Carrier Strike Group
(CSG) successfully confirmed two-way connectivity that allows full submarine integration
into strike group operations and permits Navy networks to share
situational awareness, conduct collaborative planning, and execute
joint force missions. The CSD Program provides communications
for all nuclear-attack (SSN) and nuclear-powered guided-missile
(SSGN) Ohio-class submarines, as well as limited capability to
Ohio-class ballistic missile submarines (SSBN).
As one of the first stealth platforms, submarines are very aware of the impact of intercepted electronic
emissions. OPNAV investments in Team SPAWAR’s C4ISR technology have made it possible for a vessel
to transfer to radio silence with the click of a mouse, thanks to the Common Submarine Radio Room
(CSRR), a network-based communications architecture that supplies high-bandwidth, interoperable
communications common across all submarine classes and between onboard subsystems, external
platforms, and land-based communications facilities. The CSRR modification onboard SSGNs consists
of a second Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Follow-On Terminal (FOT) and submarine High Data Rate
(HDR) antenna that provides additional high-bandwidth communications that support SOF mission
planning as well as their associated control systems. Additionally, an incorporated second Digital
Modular Radio (DMR) supports strike and SOF missions. The CSRR structure provided by these C4ISR
professionals allows efficient integration of capabilities on an ongoing basis.
USS Georgia (SSGN 429), deployed in spring 2009, is the fourth
and newest boat of the newly configured SSGN class to join the
fight. A critical component of Navy core capabilities of power
projection and deterrence, the SSGNs can carry up to 154
Tomahawk cruise missiles for precision strikes. Rotating crews
provide extended presence in theater. Additionally, as many
as 66 Special Operations Forces (SOF) such as Navy SEALs
can be delivered, as the boat quietly and covertly operates in
undisclosed areas of the world, providing theater commanders
with a highly capable strike asset and a stealthy launching
platform for irregular warfare operations.
SubNet Relay (SNR) and High-Frequency Internet Protocol (HFIP)
Sharing computer-based information has often required special equipment. C4ISR professionals have
designed systems where that is no longer the case thereby allowing units without the most recent equipment
to join the information age. SNR and HFIP transport IP data traffic using existing communications
architecture and legacy shipboard radio and cryptographic equipment. The system has been employed
by the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71) CSG, embarked
weather airborne early
warning aircraft squadron (VAW) 124, Harry S. Truman CSG
employing ship-to-ship
connections, and USS Montpelier (SSN 765) using submarineto-ship connections.
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Coalition Partners
Today, our forces do not operate alone. Fostering and sustaining
cooperative relationships with international partners is a key
component of our Maritime Strategy. Operational interaction in
any theater now involves many nations—the ability to interact
with coalition forces from both traditional (NATO, Allies) and
nontraditional (USSR and Indian forces engaged in antipiracy)
national partners is critical to operational success. Additionally, naval
forces are engaged in building partnerships around the world.
• Africa Partnership Station (APS) collaboratively provides regional maritime
services in order to achieve common international goals, primarily stability and
security, to combat terrorism and piracy.
• US Naval Forces Southern Command’s (NAVSO) Southern Partnership Station
(SPS) provides a variety of training to strengthen leadership, security, search
and rescue planning, combat patrol, and urban raid tactics in the Southern
Hemisphere.
• Pacific Partnership (PP), born out of the US response to the December 2004
tsunami in Southeast Asia, provides a dedicated humanitarian and civic assistance
mission each year since 2006 comprising medical, dental, and engineering civic
action programs.
• Continuing Promise (CP), similar to PP, is a dedicated civic and humanitarian
relief effort with partner nations and foreign military personnel deployed aboard
US Navy hospital ships and other platforms.
C4ISR professionals are providing equipment and capability through Foreign Military
Sales (FMS), section 1206 COCOM funding, and other current investment and sharing
venues designed to enhance operations with our coalition partners.
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MDA and Defense in Depth
CENTRIXS-M Builds Partnerships
Working with allies, the layered, in-depth defense provided by our maritime forces helps recognize and
eliminate threats to the US as far from the American shoreline as possible. Team SPAWAR has been
integral to the rapid, successful deployment of Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA), which crosses several
user communities and affects the work of not only the Navy, but also the Coast Guard, COCOMs, and
interagency task forces in their ongoing effort to keep maritime trade safe and prosperous. Information
exchange was demonstrated using some early pilots with Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) in an
initiative called the MDA Data Sharing Community of Interest, which contributed significantly to the
focus on enhanced vessel tracking, anomaly and threat detection, and getting information to the Sailors,
Marines, and Coast Guardsmen who are at the tip of the spear boarding vessels. These successful initial
tests established an MDA project office in PEO C4I that works directly with the Secretary of the Navy
(SECNAV) in expanding the effort across CENTCOM and US Pacific Command (PACOM) AOR, as well
as several interagency partners. Those capabilities are in place today and growing in the future—there
are both operational and acquisition activities that require continued support.
Currently fielded and operating in multiple theaters today, the CENTRIXS-M allows combined forces
to communicate through secure channels and share information in a tactical, real-time setting. US and
Malaysian forces successfully employed the system during a Cooperative Afloat Readiness and Training
(CARAT) exercise, where the two nations conducted ship-to-ship operational dialog in both text and
web-based formats. RADM William Burke, executive agent of CARAT remarked, “With CENTRIXS-M
installed in the exercise HQ onboard Royal Malaysian Navy ships, and throughout the US CARAT Task
Group, we have an opportunity to reach new heights in combined C2.” LCDR Chandra Sehgaran, Royal
Malaysian Navy, opined that “By using CENTRIXS-M, the communication process with the various
forces and CARAT HQ runs smoothly and confusion is eliminated.” Global interoperability, reliability,
and interconnectivity in an easy-to-use format are what make CENTRIXS-M so valuable in strengthening
maritime partnerships, improving collective capabilities, and information sharing.
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Fleet Operations – Space
Most of the aforementioned material in this section has been local in nature: technology and expertise
provided to platforms or deployed to a specific area. To operate globally, the local systems fielded must tie
into our global Space Systems infrastructure. Space-Based Systems are so widely needed and used that they
have become utility-like in their acceptance. We have come to view our space-based capabilities as we do
electricity—throw the switch and it’s there. As with any utility, there is a large and complex infrastructure
needed to provide such ubiquitous service.
Ultimate High Ground
The warfighter depends upon narrowband communications that provide assured, flexible, on-the-move
C2, allowing for shared situational awareness, real-time intelligence, sensor-to-shooter capabilities, and
collaborative, offensive-oriented planning worldwide. These communications are realized through the
right mix of military and commercial satellite communications (SATCOM), providing interoperability
with all military, government, nongovernment, coalition, and allied forces. Navy Space Systems are an
important operational component that enhances the delivery of network-centric operations to the Fleet
and joint warfighter. Today’s Navy Space Systems comprise a critical C4ISR system network providing
essential support to all forces deployed in both Iraq and Afghanistan, the MDA effort, and HR operations
worldwide.
The Navy has responsibility for developing and deploying flexible, seamless narrowband communication
space systems that optimize naval, joint, allied, and coalition operations. Currently, the UHF FollowOn (UFO) constellation (eight satellites) and commercially leased satellites supply narrowband
communications that provide on-orbit worldwide coverage to the warfighter. Seven satellites are
currently flying with 38-channel capability. The last satellite launched, UFO-11, is equipped with the
most sophisticated digital signal processor in the constellation. Recently reconfigured from 44 to 54
channels at no additional cost, UFO-11 has begun Digital Receiver Unit (DRU) operations that provide
today’s warfighters with 30% more communications capability, as naval forces continue their transition
to a more network-connected force.
PEO Space Systems implements DoD and Navy narrowband guidance, interacts with
various stakeholders, and provides worldwide coverage to the warfighter: at home,
in theater, and enroute to all AOR. Intersystem connectivity allows the network
to serve ships at sea and a variety of other fixed and mobile terminals.
Space-Enabled Net-Centric Operations
A combination of national, joint, and commercial space systems serves as critical links in the Navy kill
chain, providing commanders with access to a wealth of information that contributes to total BA and
improved C2 application within the operational environment. Current space systems are providing naval
forces–such as Joint Task Force Commanders–with the following capabilities:
• Global Positioning: Aids in navigation, targeting, and operational timing.
• Reconnaissance: Provides early warning capabilities, BA, targeting, and battle damage information.
• Communications: Enables UHF, Extremely High Frequency (EHF), Low Data Rate/Medium Data Rate
(LDR/MDR), Global Broadcast System (GBS), commercial wideband, TV Direct-to-Sailor (TV DTS),
Personal Communications/Mobile Satellite Services (PC-MSS), and International Marine/Maritime
Satellite (INMARSAT) communications.
• Environmental: Provides key information that enables theater battlespace characterization, weather
prediction, and navigational safety.
US Strategic Command, PEO Space Systems, SPAWAR Space Field Activity (SSFA), and the Naval Satellite
Operations Center (NAVSOC) continue to explore expansion of current capabilities available to support
the warfighter and evolve future narrowband capabilities via the “ultimate high ground.”
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SUPPORTING FLEET Operations
Facilities
The Navy has a long history of operating and maintaining communications stations dating back to 1915, when
the first a high-powered long-distance radio station was built at Pearl Harbor. As with space systems, a large
and complex shore infrastructure, enhanced with Radio Frequency (RF) connectivity, provides ubiquitous
service that enables today’s global operations. Today’s IO environment ranges from operating enhanced
access controls to ensuring high-precedence communications remain uninterrupted and secure.
NCTAMS
There are two Naval Computer and Telecommunications Area Master Stations (NCTAMS), which
serve as the communications hubs for the Navy’s shore interface to the shipboard environment. One is
NCTAMS Pacific (PAC) in Wahiawa, HI; and the other is NCTAMS Atlantic (LANT), in Norfolk, VA. Both
NCTAMS manage, operate, and maintain defense communication system and naval telecommunication
system assets to all naval Telecommunication System users, providing naval forces with critical C2 and
global situational awareness.
SOCs
NAVSOC operates satellite and remote ground facilities in Point Magu, CA; Prospect Harbor, ME;
Schriever AFB, CO; and Finegayan, GU to provide satellite capability when and where needed in direct
support of the warfighter. The Navy is responsible for operation of DoD UHF narrowband satellite systems,
the military’s “communication warhorse” upon which all US military forces and many of their allies rely.
UHF narrowband is the only radio frequency that can penetrate jungle foliage, inclement weather, and
urban terrain. The majority of military SATCOM users are warfighters supported via the UHF band on
small, portable configurations designed to be carried deep into theaters of operation.
NOCs
The Navy’s ships connect to Fleet Network Operating Centers (FNOC or NOC), an interface that
provides computer network and Internet services to the Navy/Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI) and the
Outside Contiguous United States (OCONUS) Naval Enterprise Network (ONE-NET) through a point
of presence connection to the DoD’s Defense Information Services Network (DISN), the worldwide
enterprise-level telecommunications infrastructure that provides end-to-end information transfer for
supporting military operations.
ONE-NET
The overseas network that provides a secure, common networking environment at shore-based
naval locations OCONUS in three theaters: Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. ONE-NET
is based on NMCI architecture that provides a secure and common networking environment in the
continental United States, Hawaii, Cuba, Guam, Japan, and Puerto Rico (CONUS).
NCDOC
NCTS
The Naval Computer and Telecommunications Stations (NCTS) provide secure, reliable, and timely voice,
video, and data services to the Navy’s afloat platforms and shore commands. The NCTS platform has
similar capabilities to the NCTAMS, but on a smaller scale. Today, there are 10 NCTSs located across
the world that support regionally deployed forces with network and communications services. NCTS
sites with larger subset of the capabilities include NCTS San Diego, NCTS Jacksonville, and NCTS
Yokosuka. NCTS Bahrain and NCTS Naples offer more consolidated capability. NCTSs increase SA
and improve network management throughout the Navy’s shore infrastructure.
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As the Navy’s CND Service Provider, the Navy Cyber Defense Operations Command (NCDOC) based in
Norfolk, VA has responsibility for the defense-in-depth CND mission across all Navy networks—afloat,
ONE-Net, and NMCI as currently assigned by NETWARCOM. Last year NCDOC became the first
CND Service Provider (CNDSP) in the DoD to be recognized with a top-level accreditation awarded by
STRATCOM.
MCNOSC
The Marine Corps Network Operations and Security Center (MCNOSC) based in Quantico, VA provides
global network operations and CND of the Marine Corps Enterprise Network (MCEN) in order to facilitate
seamless information exchange in support of Marine and joint Forces operating worldwide.
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
Organizations
NETWARCOM
Headquarters Staffs
NETWARCOM, a global command headquartered in Norfolk, VA is currently the Navy’s Type
Commander (TYCOM) for cyber and IT requirements and readiness, intelligence, networks, IO, and
space that enables effects-based operations and innovation. As FLTCYBERCOM becomes operational,
NETWARCOM’s “man, train and equip” TYCOM duties will be redistributed to the Commander, Fleet
Forces Command (FFC) staff as appropriate. NETWARCOM will be realigned under FLTCYBERCOM
and continue to be responsible for operational space and network assets.
Headquartered in Washington, DC, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (DCNO) N2 (Naval Intelligence)
and DCNO N6 (Communication Networks) staffs have recently reorganized their capabilities into a single
OPNAV Directorate, OPNAV N2/N6 to protect cyberspace and expand counterintelligence capabilities.
Team SPAWAR
The worldwide team of more than 12,000 people at SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific and SPAWAR
Systems Center Atlantic (includes the program executive offices) spans the globe and provides R&D and
engineering expertise to invent, acquire, develop, deliver, and support IT, C4ISR, networks, and business
IT in the interest of national defense. SPAWAR is headquartered in San Diego, CA.
MARCORSYSCOM
MARCORSYSCOM, headquartered in Quantico, VA is the Commandant of the Marine Corps’
principal agent for acquisition and sustainment of systems and equipment used by the operating
forces to accomplish their warfighting mission. From “socks to gun sights,” the MARCORSYSCOM
team, comprising more than 1,600 people, outfits Marines with literally everything they drive,
shoot, and wear.
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Headquartered in Washington, DC, USMC C4 ensures the Marine Corps continues to be the world’s
most capable expeditionary fighting force through dramatic enhancement of MAGTF expeditionary and
joint C4 capabilities via application of C4 and IT.
US Cyber Command
With headquarters most likely in Fort Meade, MD, the newly established unified US Cyber Command
(USCYBERCOM) will protect military networks and conduct a range of offensive cyber warfare
capabilities. While mission and roles are still to be fully determined, USCYBERCOM is expected to reach
initial operating capabilities by October and full operating capability by October 2010. Concurrently,
the Navy will establish a Fleet Cyber Command in October 2009 to serve as the Navy Component to
USCYBERCOM.
Fleet Cyber Command/10TH Fleet
As the Navy’s Cyber Component Commander, FLTCYBERCOM will assume many of mission areas
currently being performed by NETWARCOM and serve as central operational authority for networks,
intel, cryptology/SIGINT, IO, cyber, EW and space ISO of forces afloat and ashore; operate a secure,
interoperable naval network; coordinate Navy’s operational requirements for intel, IO, networks,
cryptology/SIGINT, and space capabilities. Additionally, all NIOCs and NCDOC will realign under
FLTCYBERCOM as it assumes all cryptologic function and authority, becoming the Navy’s Service
Cryptologic Commander.
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
Functions and Infrastructure
Computer Network Defense (CND)
Networks and enterprise services have become mission-essential systems on ships, and these systems
must have the same degree of survivability and resilience as other weapons systems. CND involves actions
taken through computer networks to protect, monitor, analyze, detect, and respond to unauthorized
activity within and outside of DoD information systems and computer networks. CND provides the
necessary level of Information Assurance (IA) for services and information flow to protect and preserve
information for mission functions. These capabilities involve scanning computers for vulnerabilities,
remediation, and central management of host agents that detect and prevent malicious code. Current
capability to set threat levels on DoD information systems, called Information Operations Condition
(INFOCON) on shipboard and shore systems, fully or partially automated, allows the warfighter to fight
network intruders.
NAVCIRT
Navy Computer Incident Response Team (NAVCIRT) analysts utilize a web-based solution called
MOBIUS (named after the mathematician August Ferdinand Mobius). This technology monitors,
reports, and thwarts malicious network activity to help maintain secure computer network services that
control weapon systems, financial transactions, and a wide range of other vital communications traffic.
MOBIUS provides commanders with situational network status metrics and stores cyber security data
for historical analysis, trending, data visualization, reporting, and event-correlation capabilities that
deliver real intelligence on potential threats before they start.
NETOPS
Network Operations (NetOps) encompasses all activities associated with operating and defending
networks, their applications, and their services. NetOps is defined as the DoD-wide operational,
organizational, and technical capabilities for operating and defending the Global Information Grid
(GIG), the DoD globally interconnected, end-to-end set of information capabilities for joint forces and
support personnel. The goal of NetOps is to provide commanders with netcentric capabilities to make
informed C2 decisions. NetOps is the operational construct that the Navy will use to operate, maintain,
and defend the Navy’s Enterprise Networks (NEN), which encompass NMCI, ONE-NET, legacy networks,
and IT for the 21st Century (IT-21) afloat. The Navy’s responsibility in the global NetOps construct is to
establish and maintain Network Operations and Security Centers (NOSCs) and a Navy Global NOSC
(NAVGNOSC) to operate and defend the Navy portion of the GIG, to direct and coordinate Navy
NetOps activities, and to support global operation of the GIG by providing SA and coordination with
COCOMS, and naval CCs.
Tactical Switching (TSw) Program
An often-overlooked element of our IT infrastructure is the capability to connect, monitor, and
control the various equipment fielded by the Navy—the TSw Program is designed to do just that.
Creating a robust, survivable, and integrated information transport and service delivery capability,
the TSw Program provides an Enterprise Network Management System (ENMS) as a “manager of
managers” capability to the Global and Regional Network Operations and Security Centers (G/
RNOSC). The current TSw ENMS Increment II Spiral B delivery is in its initial deployment phase,
expanding on the current increment II capability, allowing full monitoring and management of the
Navy tactical IT-21 shore network, with an ultimate goal of providing full situational awareness and
a common operational end-to-end picture for watch teams at the G/RNOSCs for their AOR.
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NMCI
Today, NMCI is the largest corporate intranet in the world. The foundation of the naval connectivity
backbone, NMCI is a robust, flexible, and secure communications platform. There are more than 700,000
NMCI user accounts on 360,000+ seats (desktops) providing secure, universal access to integrated voice,
video, and data communications at over 3,000 locations across the continental United States, Hawaii,
Cuba, Guam, Japan, and Puerto Rico. NMCI was the first network to implement the DoD Common
Access Card (CAC) with Cryptographic Log On (CLO), providing additional defense-in-depth to protect
the integrity of Navy and Marine Corps information assets throughout the enterprise.
NMCI has consolidated and standardized network operations services, security, and user assistance
across every level of command. In the past two years, the Navy has succeeded in shutting down or
migrating service from about 750 Navy networks. This leaves 470 nonenterprise Navy networks, and
the CNO’s goal is to eliminate or migrate 200 more by the end of this year, with elimination of the legacy
environment next year. NMCI:
• Detects intrusion attempts: more than 1,200 unclassified and ~20 classified attempts monthly.
• Detects an average of 60 viruses and effectively quarantines and disinfects 3000+ new viruses
monthly.
• Blocks approximately 9 million spam messages and detected more than 5.2 million unauthorized
intrusion attempts on external boundaries monthly (2006).
• Stopped 20 million unauthorized access attempts and quarantined 70,000 viruses (2000-2005).
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Under NMCI, increased efficiencies and cost savings are moving military personnel from the computer
management field onto the battlefield. The Pacific Fleet (PACFLT) is currently field-testing a NMCI
service called Common Operational Picture (COP), a single identical display of relevant operational
information shared by more than one command. COP evaluates how network outages affect mission
readiness. NMCI has a proven foundation in place to support new technological and strategic objectives
as naval forces transition to the Next Generation Enterprise Network (NGEN) in October 2010 and
netcentric environment of 2016.
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
Shipboard Grooming: Predeployment Inspection and Certification
Preparing ships for deployment is yet another activity C4ISR professionals conduct to support the Fleet. Every
deploying CSG/ Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG) receives the attention of PMW160 networks technicians
who board ships and evaluate networks systems during stressed operational validation. The technicians
evaluate systems, equipment, procedures, and assist shipboard technicians in testing system integration/
functionality. Networks distance support is provided for every ESG/CSG and independent deployer.
IT Readiness Review (ITRR)
In treating the network as a weapons system as a key to sustaining readiness, RADM Michael C. Bachmann,
Commander, SPAWAR, established the Information Technology Readiness Review (ITRR) Program in
July 2007 to assess and test Navy’s afloat C4I readiness. ITRR is a process that examines and validates
five key readiness C4I areas that, according to RADM Bachmann, “will enable us to remain decisive in
combat and ever ready to respond to any crisis or humanitarian need around the world.” Results proactively
identify and correct C4I areas that need improvement. ITRR focuses on:
•
•
•
•
•
Procurement and systems operation validation testing
In-service sustainment
Training and manning
TYCOM-directed assessments
Strike group readiness
Fleet Technical Support
Fleet support continues for deployed units. Highly capable civilian technicians comprise Fleet Systems
Engineering Teams (FSETs) that immediately assist with C4ISR matters. Subject matter experts are on
call when needed. In recent examples, technicians from PEO C4I’s PMW 170, Communications Program
Office, and PMW 160, Tactical Networks, supported radios, terminals, and antennas providing both
onsite and distance support to ensure networks operated at optimum capability when USS Peleliu (LHA
5) and USNS Mercy (T-AH 19) deployed in support of the Pacific Partnership mission, and when USS
Boxer (LHD) and USNS Comfort (T-AH 20) supported Continuing Promise.
Wireless and Mobile Computing
Wireless networks are bringing new, innovative capabilities to Navy personnel at sea, providing Sailors
aboard surface vessels with greater flexibility, more productivity, and greater mobility. The unclassified
wireless infrastructure will provide an extension of the unclassified Integrated Shipboard Network
System (ISNS). Multiple Navy personnel will be able to share capacity provided by a single wired
network connection by utilizing the unclassified wireless interface into which the wired ISNS connection
terminates, helping to enable future wireless capabilities.
Fielded and operational today, the Wireless Reach Back System (WRBS) provides a secure wireless link
for the transmission of data supporting multiple mission sets. The system is currently employed by Visit,
Board, Search, and Seizure (VBSS) teams to send biometric and intelligent data between Vessels of Interest
(VOI) and the On-Scene Commander (OSC) during Expanded Maritime Intercept Operations (EMIO)
and to provide NGOs with Internet connectivity during disaster and humanitarian relief efforts. Thirtythree WRBSs have currently been deployed, with 151 deliveries expected to be made to six different ship
classes from FY09-FY13.
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Navy “Business” – Corporate Operations
While the warfighting elements of any service provide the focus of most capability discussions, the “business”
side of the DoN requires substantial and ongoing support from C4ISR professionals. Databases, information
infrastructure, and software applications that allow for hiring, promotions, pay, provisions, healthcare,
financial management, records keeping, office work, and myriad other functions of any successful operation
all require investment and ongoing operational care.
In the business world, an enterprise is an organization based on linked processes with a set of focused
deliverables aimed at achieving goals benefitting defined stakeholders. Mindful of management consultant
Tom Peters’ maxim that “Leaders win through superior logistics,” the Navy has adopted the enterprise
organizational construct to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability. As a member of the
greater Fleet Readiness Enterprise (FRE), Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM, and Navy and Marine Corps
HQ Staffs are embracing the goal of delivering greater operational readiness at the lowest possible
cost—taking a business approach to the business of the Navy and Marine Corps. This method is already
accelerating and streamlining improvements across the Fleet and Marine force, while institutionalizing
Continuous Process Improvements (CPI).
Navy Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
The Navy is adopting best business practices through implementation of ERP, an integrated business
management system that modernizes and standardizes Navy processes used to manage money, acquisition
programs, people, supplies, and maintenance. Navy ERP will provide enhanced accessibility of trusted
data, supply both standardized and customized reporting, and automate compliance with federal financial
and security standards into one completely integrated system. Navy ERP will:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Provide near real-time access to data
Improve information flow for decision making
Integrate business processes and eliminate redundancies
Be a common source of data (timekeeping, finance, business procedures, reports, etc.)
Enhance business processes without major systems modifications and programming
Reduce the total cost of doing business
Provide highly transferable skills to employees
Improve logistics ashore and afloat
The results will be increased Fleet combat readiness under the highest standards for secure, reliable,
accessible, and current information. Since the major acquisition commands are the largest business
concerns in the Navy, when fully implemented across the system commands, Navy ERP will be the sole
financial system managing more than half of the Navy’s total obligations. Implementation of Navy ERP at
Naval Air Systems Command (NAVAIR) in January 2008 has already achieved many successes. NAVAIR
has ~15,000 active ERP users managing ~$157 billion in active accounts. According to Operational Test
and Evaluation Force (COMOPTEVFOR) Initial Operational Test and Evaluation (IOT&E), at the end of
2008, 12 of 14 metric-based definitions of stability routinely met the acceptable performance threshold.
The number of work years (WYs) required to perform manual intervention for timely transaction
processing decreased at NAVAIR from ~200 to ~90. Further, ERP job processing issues related to
production scheduling were identified and resolved, resulting in an integrated job schedule, automated
job execution processing, and automated error notifications.
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ERP facilitated improvements in Labor Processing, Source Data Automation (SDA) run times, Defense
Daily Expenditure File (DDEF) clearing, and month-end processing. NAVAIR Business Office Leadership
provided charts and metrics to support the Navy ERP Senior Acquisition Governance Review Brief in
August 2008. This review helped facilitate the decision to transition Naval Supply Systems Command
(NAVSUP) to Navy ERP.
SPAWAR will “go live” (i.e., transition from legacy systems to Navy ERP software implementation) on 1
October 2009, and hopes to achieve the same great results currently being realized at NAVAIR. “Navy
ERP will positively influence the daily work routines of over 10,000 SPAWAR employees. There will be
great benefits for the Navy, and great transparency in fund execution and project management,” says
RADM Bachmann.
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Continuous Process Improvement (CPI)
Successful businesses have a culture of CPI. The DoN continues to champion the use of Lean Six Sigma
(LSS), a disciplined process improvement methodology. By focusing on becoming a “lean” organization,
the DoD is eliminating waste and resourcing capital to best use in pursuit of goals. Over 4,420 leaders
have completed LSS training, and there are over 2,000 projects underway. The Marine Corps expects to
be the first military service to achieve audit readiness.
Recently, the Navy LSS Team from the PEO C4I acquisition community achieved significant cost savings
by implementing an efficient, repeatable process for integration of Common Submarine Radio Room
(CSRR) block upgrades. The object was to reduce costs through improving efficiencies by using the LSS
“Define-Measure-Analyze-Implement-Control” process. Following its implementation across all CSRR
planning efforts, “the results were significant in terms of Type 2 (cost avoidance) cost savings ($455K
per baseline) and Type 3 (improved readiness) benefits (over $80M in lifecycle cost estimates for the
submarine resource sponsor). Further, the project allowed acceleration of CSRR on Los Angeles class
submarines across the Fleet,” according to Robert Kamensky, SPAWAR CPI/LSS Deployment Lead.
“Back Office” Operations
A substantial part of Navy and Marine Corps operations combines software applications, hardware
suites, and data to provide for the operations of the DoN. These “back office” elements allow inventory
control and management, records management, manpower and personnel functions from recruiting
to writing orders, budgeting, training and person-to-person interaction. These back office features are
created, provided for, and in many cases operated by our C4ISR professionals. While not exhaustive, the
following paragraphs provide a sampling of the capabilities in use today.
Lifecycle Management and Logistics
The New Orleans Office of SSC Atlantic is a leader in business IT development, focusing on software
engineering and development, maintenance, and support of large-scale engineering projects for the
Navy and Marine Corps, including manpower and personnel systems under the oversight of the Program
Executive Officer for Enterprise Information Systems (PEO-EIS). The New Orleans office assists the
Navy in accomplishing the critical business functions of Sailor mobilization, manpower management,
assignment management, readiness, personnel and pay, recruiting, order writing, separation and
retirement, and financial management.
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
Navy Standard Integrated Personnel System (NSIPS)
Every Sailor’s personnel records, orders, pay, career management, health data, etc. are all supported by
systems maintained by SSC Atlantic at New Orleans, including the NSIPS, the largest pay and personnel
system in Navy history. The system serves as the single repository for personnel and pay data for all
Active Duty and Reserve Sailors in the Navy and offers Sailors round-the-clock access to their Electronic
Service Record (ESR), training data, and career counseling records.
Medical Readiness Reporting System (MRRS)
The MRRS gives the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard the ability to meet mobilization and readiness
requirements more effectively and efficiently, as well as full visibility on the medical status of deploying
forces. Enhancements to the Post Deployment Health Reporting Assessment functionality in the MRSS
will ensure the Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard have accurate reporting on the health of their
personnel returning from supporting Overseas Contingency Operations.
Sailor Choice: Sea Warrior
New capability added to the Career Management System Interactive Detailing (CMS/ID) will enable
Sailors to apply for their next assignment by submitting their own job applications online. Various
Reserve/active component shore activities and ships have tested this capability, and if approved, it will
be expanded to allow all enlisted Sailors in the Navy–ashore and afloat–to submit their own applications.
CMS/ID is the centerpiece of a total force web-based Navy career tools suite designed to empower active
duty, full-time support, and Selected Reserve (SELRES) Sailors in career management. Providing this
self-service option is the latest in a series of enhancements made by New Orleans office engineers that
puts even more career capabilities in the hands of the Sailor.
Official Navy Data Centers
New Orleans and SSC PAC are supporting efforts to move the Navy toward standardized, more costefficient IT operations as Cyber Asset Reduction and Security (CARS) mission partners to NETWARCOM,
assuming a key role in the Command’s Navy Data Center consolidation efforts. New Orleans and SSC
PAC operate a state-of-the-art Data Center/application hosting facility using virtual server technology
and a shared services business model to reduce costs and increase the level of security across hosted
applications. New Orleans’ and SSC PAC’s shared services have become a recognized Navy model for
delivering more capabilities using fewer resources, and both organizations support each other to ensure
full continuity of operations.
Largest Quality of Life Help Desk in the Navy
New Orleans continues to operate an award-winning Customer Support Center (CSC)/Help Desk that
services more than 538,000 members in the Navy, Marine Corps, Air National Guard, and Air Force
in resolving pay, personnel, and other issues. The CSC consistently out-performs industry metrics and
maintains a steady customer satisfaction rating of 98 percent, improving retention and allowing Sailors
to focus on their core mission.
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
RANGE OF WARFARE
Despite the current focus on contingency operations, during
the next 25 years military analysts predict the US will be
challenged by a regional competitor or rogue state that will
use anti-access and area-denial strategies. Today’s Navy
and Marine Corps are preparing
for a future military nearpeer competitor in all
dimensions : s e a ,
land, air, undersea,
and space. Both
systems in
place to day
and current
development
efforts remain
focused on
Range
of
Warfare (ROW).
As conscientious
stewards of the
nation’s defense, our
Navy and Marine Corps
must plan against capabilities
of potential competitors, not an
estimate of their intentions. Nearpeer and in some areas peer capabilities
exist in global forces today—examples of
prudent investments in ROW preparation
that follow are some of the focus areas in which
our C4ISR professionals are currently working.
Navy Air and Missile Defense Command
The Navy is establishing a new Navy Air and Missile Defense Command in Dahlgren, VA that will concentrate
on growing success in developing and deploying antiballistic missile systems. So far, the Navy has completed
equipping 18 ships with Aegis antiballistic missile systems, and has had several ship-launched intercepts of
test ballistic missiles. As of November 2008, the Navy shot down 16 of 19 high-speed targets in tests, and
is one-for-one in live events. Team SPAWAR provides C2 capabilities for these exercises.
Theater Battle Management Core Systems (TBMCS)
TBMCS serves as the single interface for joint air warfare Command and Control (C2), linking Air Force
and Navy C2 systems with ground systems for Army and Marine Corps systems, enabling coordinated,
synchronized air battle management. From initial battle analysis and planning to a precision air strike on
a time-critical target, one system supports every stage of the military’s air combat planning, coordination,
and execution. Through merging of Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM, naval C4ISR and Space Systems
technologies into TBMCS systems that incorporate sensor input, mapping and imagery data, and current
friendly status information, these products comprise the cornerstones of air battle C2.
ROW Engineering
SPAWAR, in support of the POM 12 analytical agenda, is currently conducting the following engineering
studies to improve warfighting readiness:
• Identify warfighting impact upon a survivable, balanced Navy afloat and ashore C2 architecture capable
of performing ASW, Anti-Surface Warfare (ASUW), and BMD missions in the ROW environment.
• Support C4ISR efforts for the next-generation land attack weapon.
• Determine Navy bandwidth assessment for afloat platforms, shore sites, ongoing maritime operations,
fleet exercises, and tie data to operational requirements through detailed statistical models.
• Assess net-centric continuity of operations in the ROW environment.
• Determine the communications paths, capacities, methods, and Processing, Exploitation, and
Dissemination (PED) necessary to provide national, theater, and tactical ISR to JFMCC and subordinate
forces for MCO-2 operations in 2024 timeframe.
• Assess defensive cyberspace impact on warfighting capability.
• Conduct C2HEW study to expand examination of joint, coalition, and tactical data links.
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
Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Defense
Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM, and naval C4ISR and Space Systems professionals are actively engaged
with military and Congressional leaders to assess and combat the potential threat of Electromagnetic Pulse
(EMP) attack from terrorists and rogue nations such as North Korea. EMP threat consists of a single nuclear
weapon detonated at high altitude to produce an EMP that, depending on its location and size, would knock
out power grids and other electrical and communication systems across much of the country, for months,
if not years. Naval professionals are working with military and Congressional leaders to develop a highly
publicized policy to deter such an attack, and that the US would respond with devastating effect against
any aggressor that launches an EMP strike.
The Navy is investing in the development, integration, and production of a state-of-the-art EMP weapon
and its associated control system, to be completed in August 2010. Ongoing technology research and
development (R&D) and patent efforts underway continue with military and private sector partners in
advanced radiography, radiation effects, advanced accelerators, high-power microwaves, EMP, and lightning
simulation technologies. Field-active defenses (e.g., missile shield) and passive defenses (e.g., fiber optics) are
benefitting from incorporation of these valued laboratory investments that are hardening military networks
and military weapons on electronic systems and mechanical structures, such as satellites, missiles, missile
silos, and ground-based C4I systems.
C2 Battle Management Communications (C2BMC)
The C2 Battle Management and Communications integrates elements and components of the Ballistic
Missile Defense System (BMDS) and is a major component of the PEO C4I C2 portfolio. The current C2
portfolio for PEO C4I consists of three efforts: 1) Existing GCCS Family of Systems (FoS), including GCCS-J
and GCCS-M variants for the FY08-FY13 timeframe (near term); 2) GCCS FoS’s successor, Net-Enabled
Command Capability (NECC), or Navy joint C2; and 3) A proposed Command and Control Integration
and Implementation (C2I&I) for FY12 and out (long term).
Global Command and Control System-Maritime (GCCS-M) is the current POR for Navy C2. The primary
role of GCCS-M is to provide real-time (or near real-time) planning, execution, and situational awareness
of the battlefield environment for COCOMs, tactical decision-makers, and warfighters. PMW 150 currently
fields GCCS-M hardware and software throughout the Fleet. Additionally, PMW 150 fields hardware and
software for GCCS-J variants of the GCCS FoS to appropriate Navy sites. GCCS-J is predominantly provided
to joint sites, including JFCOM and PACOM, and multiple others. GCCS-J is also being considered for
MHQ/MOC sites.
C2BMC maps into the Fixed Submarine Broadcast System (FSBS). Messages and information transmitted
over the FSBS primarily support the submarine missions of Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance
(ISR); Land Attack/Strike (STK); Special Warfare–Special Operations Force (SOF) Support; and Strategic
Deterrence (SD). Strategic Deterrence is the primary mission of the FSBS–the delivery of EAMs to Fleet
SSBNs operating in a stealth posture.
C4ISR professionals and the applications, equipment, and services they are providing are essential to the
Navy and Marine Corps today. These are not science projects or ideas from the current IT press—these are
real people providing real equipment with a definitive, positive impact on ongoing operations.
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
I
n today’s rapidly changing world, the Department of Navy (DoN) must react to a greater variety of
missions and threats in accelerated fashion through robustly networked forces that are able to outpace
adversaries across the range of military operations. Investments made in the next two-to-six years will
shape our “next Navy and Marine Corps”—the capabilities our future Sailors and Marines will bring to the
fight. These investments shall leverage the power of IT to develop new capabilities that will revolutionize the
prosecution of war, meet advanced warfighting requirements, provide Sailors and Marines with networked
access to the advanced IT they need for career advancement, and bring advances in data/information
management to Navy and Marine Corps business management systems. This change represents a shift to
“Network-Centric Operations” (NCO), sometimes referred to as NCW.
NCO is a concept for organizing efforts to transform the Sea Services for 21st-century
military and business operations. NCO focuses on using IT to link together Navy
ships, MAGTFs, and their subordinate elements, aircraft, and shore
installations into highly integrated organizations. Naval C4ISR
professionals are leading this effort to transform the
future capability of Navy and Marine Corps
forces to achieve information
dominance and decision
superiority.
integration, with the goal of
linking all weapons, platforms,
sensor systems, and C2 centers across
multiple domains.
The information contained in the following chapter will
familiarize you with the investment direction the Navy is taking
in four particular areas within this current POM cycle: converging
our networks; decoupling services; enhancing current capabilities;
and further operationalizing C2. In some cases, these investments pertain
to new equipment and how dollars are spent; in others, they pertain to training and
process improvement. In all cases, these investments will improve and strengthen our
capability as a networked fighting force.
FUTURE Capability
Next Navy And
Marine Corps
“The Navy is first and foremost a fighting, sea-going
service—always has been. The weapons and technology
change. The ships, aircraft, and submarines certainly
improve over time, but the job remains the same: take the
fight to the enemy so that he cannot take it to us.”
– Admiral Mike Mullen,
Chariman, Joint Chiefs of Staff
Naval forces are
strongly engaged in
the development and
defense of the DoD-mandated
Global Information Grid (GIG)
architecture, a globally interconnected network
of networks—a complex system that links hundreds of
information system elements to enable rapid information exchange among the US services, the Intelligence
Community (IC multinational allies), and support users in peace time and during conflicts. The GIG is
the organizing construct for achieving NCO across the DoD. GIG architecture development provides the
technical foundation for FORCEnet, which is the naval portion of the GIG underway to implement network

CONVERGE NETWORKS
IT Network Revolution
“Networking” has become essential to warfare. The romantic image of a ship of the line or Marine fire team
operating “alone and unafraid” has been overtaken by Extremely High Frequency (EHF) data downloads
to Tomahawk fire control systems and automatic exchange of Blue Force Tracker (BFT) locating
information. Google Earth™ mapping services are being used for humanitarian relief operational
planning. These developments are creating demand for new, sustained investments
supporting a new network environment (architecture, design, strategy, and governance)
across the entire naval service. The DoN is planning and reacting in accelerated fashion
to a greater diversity of asymmetric missions in order to outpace adversaries across
the multitheater Overseas Contingency Operations.
The objective is to deliver a powerful set of warfighting concepts and
associated military capabilities via the tools, networks, protocols, and
procedures that allow warfighters to take full advantage of all applicable
information in a rapid, flexible manner. Networks are powerful assets
to confound and cripple our adversaries, while allowing our forces
to achieve more, in less time, with fewer resources. While many
program, logistical, and budgetary challenges are present, our
C4SIR and IT communities continue to consolidate global
shore-based, expeditionary, and shipboard computing
and communication environments in order to optimize
information for tactical advantage throughout the Naval
Enterprise. As part of this transformation, we are fully
embracing the concept of netcentricity: converging
networks to create an environment in which data is
seamlessly shared among users, applications, and
computing platforms during all phases of warfighting
and warfighting-support efforts.
On Course to a Solution
In years past, Navy and Marine Corps legacy
networks were developed and supported by different
infrastructures, systems, and operational controls.
Networks relied on separate circuits, configuration settings,
and Internet Protocol (IP) routing architectures that resulted in
interoperability issues and tremendous support costs. To illustrate,
an aircraft carrier can have as many as 70 individual networks aboard. In
response to these problems, the Navy and Marine Corps continue to invest in network
convergence initiatives. Two such programs–the Navy’s Cyber Asset Reduction and Security
(CARS) task force and the Marine Corps’ Legacy Network Consolidation (LNC) effort–are improving IT
investments through elimination of legacy self-contained (e.g., “stovepiped”) networks and systems.
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
Networks are a Combat System
Navy and Marine Corps networks serve as a force-multiplier equal to traditional combat platforms (ships,
aircraft, submarines, amphibious craft, and weapons) in what they bring to the fight in preserving the
peace. Network information sharing, collaboration, and computing power enable US forces to overwhelm
adversaries by maximizing use of surprise and by closing observe/decide/act “loops” faster than their
opponents, which leads to dramatically increased mission effectiveness.
NCO is the force driver moving the DoN from present technology dependence on individual applications
towards full access to and exploitation of data through standards. This means providing users with the
ability to access applications and services that they need and can use through a web-enabled space, while
simultaneously creating a web-enabled user community in which each member can both provide and
access data. NCO makes it possible to move beyond traditional Communities of Interest
(COI), such as C2 or intelligence, to full cross-functional information
exchange across the operational environment to support the
execution of various operational naval, joint, or
coalition missions, as required.
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
These objectives will provide a single and highly scalable network infrastructure across all COI. CANES’
emphasis on a consolidated network infrastructure promotes efficiencies by streamlining acquisition,
contracting, testing, logistics support, training, and interoperability. The program will achieve Initial
Operational Capability (IOC) in early FY12. The CANES Program is focusing on adapting the network to
the warfighter, so that every edge of the network will ultimately be capable of providing voice, video, and
data with guaranteed data assurance and integrity.
CANES Program
Consolidation of many existing POR and nonPOR afloat networks has been desired for many years.
Continued investments in the Consolidated Afloat Networks and Enterprise Services (CANES) Program
will bring to the Navy a network infrastructure that will be able to accommodate more growth on a single
network with multiple layers of security. The CANES Program represents the next-generation of afloat
networks and computing infrastructure, a vision based on an overarching concept to reduce the number
of networks, while providing efficiency through a single engineering focus on technical solutions. CANES
has five objectives for first incremental capability delivery:
• Consolidate portions of existing afloat physical networks into a reduced network infrastructure.
• Provide Afloat Core Services (ACS) to enable a flexible, agile environment for rapid, “plug-and-play”
C2 and ISR capability enhancements in a Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) environment.
• Provide a Common Computing Environment (CCE) that allocates computing resources to host
nonCANES applications.
• Provide IP-based voice and video services.
• Provide increased availability and survivability, greater reliability, and require less maintenance.
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
MCEITS Initiative
Network Transformation, Other Domains
The Marine Corps Enterprise Information Technology Services (MCEITS) Initiative is a strategic, broad
vision that supports DoD network consolidation, alignment, and IT provision for USMC. MCEITS is moving
USMC IT services away from a stovepiped, duplicative approach towards fielding IT resources that enable
access to enterprise information collaboration and sharing across business and warfighter domains.
Transformation is not only occurring in the C4I domain, but also aligning with the Combat Systems, Hull,
Mechanical, and Electrical (HM&E) and Control Domains. As promulgated by the Assistant Secretary
of the Navy, Research, Development & Acquisition (ASN RDA) Chief Systems Engineer, Team SPAWAR
utilizes the Navy Technical Reference Model (NTRM) as a tool to align all Navy networks to the maximum
extent possible. The NTRM is derived from commercial standard network models
and provides a common, hierarchical computing
The USMC component of FORCEnet and the GIG is the Marine Corps Enterprise Network
(MCEN), the USMC global network that supports all data communication requirements
for Marines and supporting establishments to effect information exchange over
the GIG. MCEN utilizes NMCI, IT-21 capabilities, and the Marine Corps
Expeditionary Network (eXNET), which will be the deployed tactical
portion of MCEN. The Marine Corps’ network efforts fully synchronize
with joint and other services, resulting in a fully networked expeditionary
fighting force.
NNE of 2016
The DoN CIO is chairing the effort to define the vision, scope, governance, and programmatic IT alignment
towards the future Naval Networking Environment (NNE), the net-centric, secure enterprise-computing
environment that will be realized in the 2016 timeframe. The Navy and Marine Corps are investing in four
enterprise Internet-style networks projected for full capability in the NNE of 2016:
• Next-Generation Network (NGEN) Beginning in 2010, will ultimately bring the US (CONUS) and
overseas networks onto a common, secure structure that will include leading-edge technology, such
as wireless Internet access
framework representing
all layered architectures/services
for naval C4I systems that support afloat, airborne,
and ashore platforms. This model is a valued Navy investment that
provides the standardized framework guiding far-sighted and prudent acquisition,
development, and recapitalization of resources and coordination of platform lifecycle planning
activities among all PEOs and Systems Commands (SYSCOMS) conducting acquisition programs.
• ONE-NET Navy Enterprise Network for shore installations overseas (OCONUS), currently delivering
integrated networking services
• CANES Replaces most tactical networks currently used on Navy warships and aircraft with single
architecture providing ACS
• MCEN Consolidates most Marine Corps networking functions (including MCEITS), while assuring
connectivity to the Fleet and joint force
NNE will allow Navy, Marine Corps, joint, and coalition warfighters as well as their IT workforce counterparts
to share information and data quickly and securely in a collaborative environment based on common
architecture and standards.
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
Advancing Airborne Networks
Naval, joint, and coalition aviators face unique challenges: limited capability to
share, access, and exploit relevant information and data within the operational
environment. Known as Joint, Interagency,
Intergovernmental, and Multinational (JIIM)
tactical edge users, these warriors lack mobile
and dynamic connectivity throughout the full
range of operations, and are often unable to
connect with one another, due to disparate
communication systems, Line-of-Sight (LOS)
limitations, and reliance on over-subscribed
satellite communications. These issues hinder
joint and combined net-centric warfare
capabilities. In response, the Office of the
Secretary of Defense (OSD) and Navy
are investing in technical explorations
such as the Communications Airborne
Layer Expansion Joint Capability Test
Investments Improving Joint Communications
The CABLE JCTD Initiative will enable the warfighter to bridge disparate legacy communication systems
and develop more robust information sharing among joint, coalition, and interagency forces, advancing
airborne networking in the following areas:
• Integrate a backbone network for IP-based, high-capacity data transfer.
• Establish secure gateways to interconnect data links, voice systems, and netcentric IP-based
networks.
• Organize and share joint voice communications (applications, translation, signaling, and control).
• Host enterprise-wide services, such as a common tactical picture service or chat.
• Perform Tactical Data Link (TDL) gateway management.
• Facilitate joint tactical networking.
CABLE JCTD transition is targeting multiple service programs and product improvement/risk reduction
activities to support Combatant Commanders (COCOM) activities. Over POM 12, the Navy will invest
in further integration of existing communication infrastructure within the Combat Access Layer into the
theater operational backbone segments of the GIG. The forthcoming E-2D Advanced Hawkeye features
comprehensive connectivity that enables the aircraft to share air and missile defense information with
the entire Fleet, making the Hawkeye a critical node in network-centric air operations. Investments in
such technical explorations of maturing technologies are vital to our capability improvements.
Vision: Enhanced Warfighter Capability
• Improved, collaborative C2 (Blue Force Situational Awareness [SA] and combat identification [ID],
tactical chat, Common Operational Picture [COP] dissemination, browsing, and email).
• Common avionics.
• Faster prosecution of time-sensitive targets: decreased timeline, detect-to-engage.
Demonstration (CABLE JCTD) Initiative
to evaluate a potential airborne networking
solution for a fully integrated, IP-enabled
airborne network.
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• Reduced kill chain find phase for surface targets via Automatic Identification System (AIS).
• Provision of critical combat ID data for commercial vessels: ship name, course, and speed via AIS.
• Availability of Intelligence Broadcast Receiver (IBR), a tactical receiver for near-real-time threats.
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
Success Story
Submarine Networking
In the late 1990s, the Submarine Force was an active participant
in the Naval Integrated Information Networks Integrated Product
Team (NIIN IPT). This cross-Systems Command (SYSCOM), crossWarfare Sponsor venue was working to identify and resolve network
issues at a time when information networks were first emerging
in the afloat environment. Acting as an enterprise before such
organizations were formally created, the Submarine Force
adopted the network consolidation principles under
discussion to create a single, cross-security enclave
network domain to help warfighters share
information both locally and globally.
Composed of a Sensitive But Unclassified (SBU) Local Area Network (LAN), a Secret LAN, and a Top Secret
(TS) LAN, this common backbone provides the conduit for information exchange within the submarine and
to external networks, utilizing the IP Wide Area Network (WAN) gateway services of the Automated Digital
Network System (ADNS) routers as part of the overall strategic effort to facilitate joint, allied, and coalition
communications. Built in compliance with Open System Architecture (OSA) and DoD Information Standards
Registry (DISR) guidance, the design provides flexibility and has resulted in a high-level interoperability with
tactical and C4I systems, as demonstrated by operational interfaces with key submarine subsystems. This
prescient modular/open systems approach supports the introduction of emerging industry standards.
End-to-End Connectivity
The submarine network in place today has delivered a mission-critical design for the SECRET LAN to
support propulsion plant and combat systems interfaces, along with incorporating TS data processing
capabilities. This early success is a superb example of how a network can satisfy both multiple mission
area requirements and deliver end-to-end real-time communications with surface and shore. Ongoing
initiatives to allow communications at speed and depth will improve mission effectiveness and force
agility for the strike group commanders of fast-attack and cruise missile submarines when operating
submerged, minimizing counter-detection and maximizing tactical positioning and surveillance. With plans
for participation in CANES and other material enhancements, the Undersea Warfare Enterprise (USE)
is presently working with Team SPAWAR to enhance the future undersea communications
network, linking submerged submarines, unmanned undersea vehicles, and
undersea sensors to the GIG, extending end-to-end connectivity among
surface, air, shore, submarines, and other undersea platforms or
sensors to achieve undersea dominance.
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
Decouple Services
Afloat Networks: Building on the Backbone
Experience to date highlights the need for investments in Navy programs to substantially improve SA,
agility, and responsiveness to address unprecedented emerging threats and pressing force sustainment
issues. In response, CNO directed Navy leadership to invest in restructuring tactical afloat networks
and Maritime Operations Centers (MOC). The Navy’s CANES initiative, a programmatic realignment of
afloat network infrastructure and services, was formulated by senior Navy leadership working with Team
SPAWAR to fundamentally enhance C4ISR delivery by providing a common, expandable IT infrastructure
afloat. Other areas of concern for Navy leadership are to decrease costs, improve security by “hardening”
(i.e., strengthening) networks, and speed cutting-edge functionality to the Fleet through rapid technology
insertion. Our CANES concept and investment strategy answers those concerns. The Navy is on course to
eliminate legacy application programs that are at end of life and cannot keep up with technology, replacing
their functionality with modules residing on the common CANES infrastructure with the ultimate effect
of consolidating and migrating afloat networks to a more secure, responsive environment. To do this, we
have embarked on a multiyear, multiprogram effort to decouple applications services from underlying
hardware.
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): An Affordable Future
Not long ago, the Navy was annually spending millions maintaining dozens of disparate networks. Many
of these systems have “tightly coupled” components, which means self-contained system hardware and
software programs are closely engineered together with multiple connections. These “stovepiped” systems
require time and great expense to maintain, and are resistant to technology change. In order to improve
capabilities and reduce IT costs, the Navy and Marine Corps have adopted commercial IT business enterprise
trends embracing SOA, software architecture where functionality is grouped around business processes
and packaged as interoperable, adaptable services. SOA revolves around the concept of breaking larger
software programs (decoupling) into smaller, reusable functional components with common, well-defined
interface standards that increase data availability for sharing, scalability, and reuse (enterprise environments).
Investments in SOA technology and improved systems engineering will deliver increased capabilities to
naval forces in a shorter time at reduced cost.
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
SOA as an IT Transformation Tool
The Navy is leading migration away from a producer-centric environment to one that is consumer-centric
(e.g., based on services) in order to facilitate SOA implementation. SOA is a model for organizing and
utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different resource sponsors. It provides
a method to reduce system development cost and cycle time, shrink the infrastructure footprint, and
increase the quality and availability of services. SOA facilitates the integration of business processes,
rules, and IT into a framework that leverages existing systems to enable change. Coupled with a new
architectural paradigm and a focus on business processes, SOA is placing more emphasis on cost-effective
reuse of system components and data. Integration efforts decrease, because available functionality on
other systems in the DoD enterprise IT portfolio can be easily located and reused or modified.
Consolidation and Synchronization
Team SPAWAR’s SOA “way forward” is an enterprise-wide investment strategy guiding the consolidation
and synchronization of the efforts across the C4I community in developing SOA. As naval forces move
towards NCO, the DoN must increasingly leverage shared services and applications. These services
must be supported by the use of an accepted set of common standards, rules, and shared infrastructure
populated with mission and business services based on authoritative data provided and used by each
resource sponsor. Over the current POM cycle, investments are needed in standards development and
enhancement, governance activities, and application program redesign or replacement. These investments
will show a return not in the Research, Development, Test, and Evaluation (RDT&E) or procurement
accounts, but in the Fleet maintenance accounts, as future engineering changes shift from hardware to
software-centric events.
Additional engineering changes include improved C4I fielding plans synchronization to not only
reduce proliferation of multiple C4I solution sets, but also to coincide with Ballistic Missile Defense
(BMD) and Combat System Advanced Capability Builds (ACBs) to enhance warfighting capability via
improved readiness and interoperability, while reducing risks and costs. Enhanced end-to-end testing,
C4I certification, and improved configuration management will specifically reduce integration and
interoperability risks.
In the Tactical Switching (TSw) realm, Transport Test and Integration Complex (TTIC) facilitates
design and development of new Navy communications technologies. TTIC provides laboratory facilities
that conduct “end-to-end testing” to mitigate and evaluate current and future Navy communications
capabilities in distributed (or nondistributed) environments.
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Challenges
The DoN faces a variety of cultural, procedural, and technical challenges in adopting SOA into systems.
Moving from current technology to SOA will require significant emphasis on improved systems engineering.
There are also acquisition and Information Assurance (IA) impacts associated with this effort. Throughout
the DoN, practices, policies, and processes as well as technologies have been developed to address IT
systems in traditional, vertical “information silo” structures incapable of reciprocal operation with other
systems. SOA represents a shift from these IT architectures to horizontal and dynamic architectures.
On the financial side, traditional investment decisions are based on the relatively narrow window of
current year issues, and cross-account savings are seldom effectively argued. The lifecycle cost impacts
of a SOA-based fleet are substantial, yet the unpredictable nature of IT modernization beyond the Future
Year Defense Plan (FYDP) precludes analysis comparable to predictions based on metal fatigue. The sheer
size and complexity of the DoN and organizational reporting structures also affect response to this new
technology trend. Meeting these challenges is an integral part of the SOA strategy.
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
Optimum Business and Warfighter Architecture
A DoN enterprise that embraces SOA with rich services does more than effect a technology change;
it also changes the ways in which an enterprise does business and how it executes its mission-critical
objectives. The ability for the DoN to successfully leverage SOA is tightly bound to clear governance and
change management that must coincide with agile business processes. SOA is recognized today as the
optimal architecture for enterprise IT capability development, since it enables an organization to design
for interoperability and reuse.
By implementing SOA, the DoN will be able to rapidly create new services and composite applications
across the enterprise in support of business and warfighter requirements. The DoN will use SOA as a
means to reduce duplicative efforts and extract more value from our existing investments by enabling
plug-and-play capability; maximum reuse; ubiquitous information access; data sharing and discovery;
systems consolidation; managed risk; and security standards.
Benefits of SOA
• Maximum interoperability: platform independent and interface based, SOA eliminates the constraints
that typically burden integration efforts.
• Less expensive to maintain: standards (e.g., web services) make it possible for developers to interact
with SOA components without having to learn new, proprietary technology.
• Reusability: standard interfaces enable new processes to easily reuse existing services-based applications
and even service-enabled legacy systems.
• Agility: by enabling services reuse, SOA reduces the time to create new applications. Applications
designed for smoother integration through standard interfaces will enable easier future capability
adaptation to unexpected changes.
• Information and knowledge transfer: by increasing ability to share data, functionality, processing
capability, presentation, and control across technology and POR boundaries, knowledge is more
readily managed and captured.
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
Other Investment Areas
Study and design work continue with the Navy Space and Electronic Warfare
(SEW) engineering investment. Capacity analysis is underway, comparing combat
systems networks and C4ISR networks with an eye to capacity, quality of service
(QoS), and responsiveness to ascertain if the submarine networking model can be
used on other platforms. Submarine networks provide a single backbone for
all network traffic—both information and tactical services, delivering
end-to-end NCW capability.
Other investments are growing at a faster pace than the POM cycle itself. Use of broad investment
categories, incremental development acquisition strategies, and active exploration of commercial
technologies is required. Involvement in Humanitarian Assistance /Disaster Response (HA/DR)
missions requires access to commercial services such as Google Earth™ mapping service and
similar sites. Opponents use social networking websites, making such sites valuable
intelligence sources. Consideration of a nonclassified, fully open network is
underway, thereby reserving the unclassified network (NIPRNet), classified
network (SIPRNet), and the Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications
System network (JWICS) as more protected venues. This design follows
sound military practice allowing defense in depth, survivability, and
an ability to maintain continuity of operations even while under
stress. It also maintains full access to all parts of the information
sphere, allowing our future Sailors and Marines access to the
collaborative tools they need.
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Success Story
HM&E/Combat Systems Network Development
Recently, a study initiated by the ASN RDA conducted by the Network Consolidation Study Integrated
Product Team (NCSIPT) examined network consolidation. Modeling and Simulation (M&S) excursions
obtained valuable data for Hull, Mechanical & Electrical (HM&E) network operations. The encouraging study
suggests that a single network is able to perform consolidated network hosting of most shipboard software
applications—both the traditional C4ISR information exchanges and the HM&E data transfer requirements.
Similarly, Combat Systems needs are being analyzed. Consolidated
Shipboard networks that will link shipboard systems across multiple
disciplines and embarked Marine Corps platforms are one of many
“Smart Ship” initiatives that optimize manning, while enhancing
operational capabilities. Applications now developed for a specific
area—engine monitoring and trending, combat systems track
ambiguity resolution, or parts ordering from an interactive electronic
technical manual can be decoupled from a specific hardware base
and made available when needed, where needed. QoS, timeliness of
response, and continuity of operations can all be addressed in this
growing area of decoupling services from hardware.
Naval shore-based, in-transit, forward-deployed, and expeditionary
operational commanders view enterprise networks as extensions
of their ability to command and control forces. Coalition and
multinational C4I interoperability remains a top priority. Investing
in the transformation of naval networks to achieve architectural
realignment with Navy and Marine Corps Enterprise infrastructure
strategies and standards will improve performance efficiencies and
resource allocation for better decision-making.
Empowering the Fleet: USS Abraham Lincoln (CVN 72) CSG
The Lincoln CSG is participating in the Early Adopter (EA) Program, an accelerated initiative within
the CANES Program. Already underway, the major goal of EAs is to deploy new elements of the
CANES CCE network and ACS into existing shipboard networks. A common environment into
which upgraded applications “plug and play” will make it cheaper, easier, and faster for software,
information, and processes to work together. It will reduce network complexity, allowing for easier
multiple upgrades and future improvements. EA technology is improving the lives of Lincoln CSG
warfighters in the following ways:
• Improves automated mission planning support for aircraft, weapons, and sensors
between the Navy and Air Force.
• Enhances air and ocean weather data for mission planning.
• Integrates near real-time antisubmarine warfare and mine warfare C2 capability.
• Enables rapid, reliable, and secure exchange of critical C2 communication.
• Improves automated logistics information support for all naval air commands.
• Supplies automated disaster recovery to restore services in under one minute.
• Accelerates business processes using proven commercial practices and technologies.
• Provides more efficient use of physical servers through use of virtualized machines (e.g., a
self-contained operating environment that behaves as if it were a separate computer).
FORCEnet is the operational construct and architectural framework for naval warfare in the
Information Age, and the EA Program represents a landmark first: installations of CCE hosting and
SOA-enabled technology to naval warfighters. The technology was deployed on the USS Cape St.
George (CG 71) in March 2009. Full implementation of CANES’ provision of ACS is estimated for
initial production in FY11. This alignment will ensure network integration into a jointly interoperable
and compliant architecture, leading to enhanced network reliability, adaptability, and security in a
decoupled service structure that will greatly improve the warfighting enterprise.
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Enhance Current Capability
Naval “Firsts” in Modernizing Communications
Information Transport C4I Portfolio
Not all information technology investments involve computers or applications. By the very nature of
its dispersed operations, the Navy has required the long-range transmission of information. During the
Revolutionary War, USN Captain Thomas Truxtun pioneered the earliest known book of signal flags for
naval communication: Instructions, Signals, and Explanations Ordered for the United States Fleet (1797).
In the early 20th century, the wireless telephone was first used aboard the ships of the Great White Fleet to
communicate between ships and shore stations on their cruise around the world. In 1945, the Navy made
first application of radio relay over-horizon communications possible. In 1961, a message sent by a ship at
Norfolk, Virginia was relayed around the world to Washington, DC by continuous wave ship relay technology
in just three hours, three minutes. Today, nearly 215 years after Captain Truxtun’s prescient publication, the
Navy continues its long history of continually modernizing and protecting communications. This investment
area is crucial to the modernization of a core capability essential to our Navy.
The naval IT, C4ISR, and Space Systems network-centric architecture vision requires a robust and highcapacity information transport capability made up of reliable satellite communications (SATCOM), tactical
LOS communications, extended- and beyond-LOS systems, and Global Positioning System-based (GPS)
position, navigation, and timing services. SPAWAR, PEOs, and MARCORSYSCOM are investing in products
that support this architecture, providing the warfighter with the C2 tools to execute the mission.
Operational Flexibility
The forward-deployed, expeditionary character (e.g., widely dispersed and highly mobile) of the Navy and
Marine Corps provides the US with versatile, asymmetric advantage to enlarge or contract military footprints
in areas where access is denied or limited. This traditional Navy/Marine Corps role in national defense not
only maximizes American advantages in high-end technologies and information warfare, but also creates
new demands on networked forces. Unlike hard-wired shore facilities, ships at sea do not spool off cable
connections to Internet access points. The capabilities of future naval forces must be enhanced today by
investments in communication technologies that wirelessly link force assets together in order to carry out
missions in new ways. Investments in state-of-the-art information sharing and networking technology are
highly valued C4ISR and IT assets. These technologies comprise the basic operational backbone for all forms
of communications and computing at the heart of FORCEnet—the networked naval operation. Efforts to
optimize naval communications in building the foundations of the high-bandwidth, fully networked future
NNE of 2016 have become a warfighting imperative today.
These are targeted investments. Utilizing corporate management and M&S tools, Team SPAWAR and
NETWARCOM, working with OPNAV staff, run scenarios tied to Major Combat Operation (MCO) pictures
to determine best areas for IT modernization. These tools show bottlenecks, gaps, and overlaps identifying
high-impact investment opportunities to improve warfighting capability in the communications realm.
Additional investments in improving reliability and human system interfaces simplify program logistics
and reduce manning requirements, thus improving efficiencies while lowering costs.
The Navy staff, via Team SPAWAR, is investing in several programs with the goal of increased capability
and reliability to support the Information Transport mission:
• Navy Multiband Terminal (NMT) Program: A fourth-generation Navy SATCOM terminal replacing
three legacy terminals with one terminal that satisfies wideband, protected, and broadcast SATCOM
requirements. NMT will communicate with Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) and Wideband
Global SATCOM (WGS) satellites. The WGS constellation has begun fielding and investments in the
planned eight-satellite constellation will greatly increase available bandwidth in the X and Ka bands,
improving communications and data exchange.
• Commercial Broadband Satellite Program (CBSP): A Rapid Deployment Capability (RDC) replaces the
legacy Commercial Wideband Satellite Communication Program (CWSP) and International Marine/
Maritime Satellites (INMARSAT) with new terminals to dynamically manage bandwidth resources.
CBSP will provide greater Military Satellite Communications (MILSATCOM) augmentation, backup,
and Quality of Life (QoL) services to the Fleet at reduced cost.
• Mobile Networking Highband (MNH) Initiative: A pillar of the Navy Tactical Networking (NTN)
architecture that will provide a general purpose, wideband, nonSATCOM-based, LOS- and extendedLOS communications link designed to operate in an open ocean environment to manned and unmanned
air, surface, submarine, and shore platforms.
• GPS-Based Position, Navigation, and Timing Service (GPNTS) Program: The next-generation GPNTS
shipboard system designed to be a robust, secure, open standards system in a SOA environment.
GPNTS will integrate all applicable Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT)-related sensor data
to provide the best available PNT solution to weapons, combat, combat support and C4ISR systems,
and other PNT users.
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• Tactical Switching (TSw) Program: PMW 790 is implementing the TSw program to modernize the tactical
shore infrastructure into a robust, survivable, and integrated information transport and service delivery
capability, providing the Fleet with critical net-centric information transport, NetOps, and IP services.
Through TSw, the Navy Tactical Wide Area Network (NTWAN) is transitioning the Time Division
Multiplexing (TDM) and Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) capability to an all-IP information
transport interconnecting SATCOM gateways with the IT-21 NOCs for global shore tactical IP services.
TSw also provides integrated, tailorable end-to-end NetOps capabilities through the ENMS supporting
the Global/Regional Network Operations and Security Centers (G/RNOSCs) with internal and external
situational awareness interfaces, customizable views, real-time services, and data publishing services.
• Mobile User Objective System (MUOS) Program: PEO Space Systems is investing in upgrading the
Ultra High Frequency (UHF) SATCOM portfolio to satisfy increasing demand for tactical satellite
communications. MUOS will become the common denominator for C2, providing capability to
communicate from tactical to theater levels, to allies and coalition partners, and between defense and
nondefense agencies. Once in service, MUOS SATCOM will support a worldwide, multiservice population
of mobile and fixed-site terminal users with simultaneous voice, video, and data communications. The
MUOS constellation will achieve on-orbit capability between FY11 and FY14, with the MUOS legacy
payload continuing to provide interoperability with legacy terminals.
National Security Space Enterprise
The Navy relies heavily on space systems to carry out its mission. In accordance with the Naval Space Policy,
the Navy Space Team will work collaboratively with joint, interagency, and international space communities
to ensure future space capabilities support maritime operations. Naval participation in the National
Security Space (NSS) Enterprise will build upon the 50-year partnership between the DoN and the National
Reconnaissance Office (NRO). The Navy Space Team
will build and maintain an excellent space cadre;
integrate space into naval combat systems;
support requirements development for
future space capabilities; improve
technologies for warfighting
support and global MDA.
As the Navy plans future space architectures, it will advocate for systems that protect space assets and
offer more wide-area surveillance in the maritime domain. Future naval space priorities will also include
strategies for mitigating the vulnerabilities of space systems, and preparing the Fleet to operate in a contested
information environment, where space assets as well as the network infrastructure are at risk.
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JTRS Program
One of the most valued military investments that will
address key shortfalls in ground domain communication
capabilities is the Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) family
of tactical Software-Defined Radios (SDR). This DoD-wide
program is working towards replacing older existing legacy
radios with multiple, wireless software-based radio types (e.g.,
handheld, ground-mobile, airborne, and maritime) with open
system architecture that enables technology insertion/reuse for
easier customization/reuse, improved interoperability, and greater
security. Investments in JTRS will enable widespread radio access
among warfighters in forward-deployed ground combat units within
the “last tactical mile” to networked, multiple-weapon-system
platforms. Navy investment in JTRS is focused on delivering
MUOS-capable Manpack and Maritime-Fixed terminals to the
Fleet and providing the Multifunctional Information Distribution
System (MIDS) JTRS terminals to support a future airborne
Advanced Tactical Data Link.
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Linking Warriors to the GIG
As secure wireless Mobile Ad hoc Networking (MANET) technology matures
over the next five years, the goal is to provide all branches of the military with
secure, IP-based datalinks that allow ground-, air-, and sea-based users to
rapidly transmit voice, video, and high-speed digital data supplied by linking
radio operators to the networked firepower of the GIG.
JTRS, High-Frequency Internet Protocol (HFIP), Mobile Networking High Band
(HNW), and Airborne Networking are critical components of the DoD networkcentric transformation effort to realize the FORCEnet principles of shared
situation awareness, resource exploitation, speed of command, synchronized
execution, and agility for naval, joint, coalition, and disaster response personnel. In
order to transform information into decisive effects, investments should continue
to support warfighters need for direct access to networked resources that support
their missions, particularly in applying critical fire effects to achieve overall battlefield
superiority.
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CENTRIXS-M Program
CENTRIXS-M is a C2 communications network developed by the Navy that gives US and allied ships the
ability to communicate with each other. Answering one of the highest-priority Combatant Commander
(COCOM) requirements, investments in CENTRIXS-M provide text chat, email, and voice data over a
secure channel with allied nations and their forces. Using a mix of commercial radios, satellite phones,
and computers, the system is an innovative example of cost-effective COTS technology designed to
be affordable and easily customized by allies. CENTRIXS-M forms the network backbone and global
infrastructure for coalition and multinational C4I interoperability, and is a key enabler of MDA.
Information collaboration across coalition, nontraditional partners, and other major players is a key
component of future naval capability.
Success Story
Multiplying Bandwidth on Ships: ADNS Program
ADNS is the mobile WAN program for the Navy that provides a worldwide ship-to-shore and shipto-ship communications network. ADNS is the key interface for efficient routing and transferring
information on and off ships. Over the next POM, the Navy will be investing in implementing ADNS
Increment III technology to accomplish the following goals:
• More than double existing ADNS bandwidth capacity in current network resources, while conserving limited
satellite bandwidth for high-priority uses.
• Launch ADNS NetOps management software, which will allow users to manually configure bandwidth quickly
to accommodate mission priority. For example, a C2 ship with bandwidth priority can quickly transfer that
bandwidth to a ship with more immediate need—for instance, one engaged in a maritime interdiction
mission that requires high-volume intelligence data, fast.
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• Optimize and expand bandwidth for new programs, more terminals, and multiple communication links.
• Coordinate ADNS integration with joint networks and incoming programs for interoperability.
• Strengthen cipher text and IP core network architecture and plan next-generation future ADNS capability
for shipboard LANS, smaller aircraft, and unmanned aerial vehicles.
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Streamlining via DMR Program
The Navy continuously seeks to deploy new communications technology in order to increase
commonality and sharing among surface ships and submarines. Unique to the Navy is solving the
problem of streamlining multiple antennas and radar clutter on masts and legacy network consoles
below decks, all of which are competing for limited bandwidth in a limited real estate environment.
Recognizing that shipboard electronic systems must support multiple mission scenarios, the Navy has
turned to the Digital Modular Radio (DMR), a precursor of JTRS and the standard radio set for UHF
SATCOM and LOS communications throughout the Navy. These transceivers are being installed on
nearly every new construction vessel requiring UHF SATCOM and LOS communications capabilities
and provide a needed narrow-band solution. Capable of using many antennas depending upon the
frequency of interest, DMR starts to solve the below-decks space concern.
CBSP and NMT Program Enhancements
Above decks, the capacity of the existing antennas to transfer data must be increased. The Navy will
further enhance shipboard broadband communications in FY11-FY13 through CBSP and NMT.
CBSP will significantly increase throughput capability (amount of data [bps] transferred in a specific
amount of time) to ships at sea with commercial on-orbit capacity. These enhancements will increase
the Quality of Life (QoL) for Sailors by greatly expanding their ability to communicate using wideband
SATCOM. A valued Navy requirement, CBSP is a Rapid Deployment Capability (RDC) acquisition
projected for installation on 232 surface ships, with 81 installations funded within the current FYDP.
Larger ships, such as cruisers and destroyers, are currently undergoing installation, with carriers and
amphibious assault ships slated for first installations in late 2009.
The NMT Program is providing the bandwidth efficiency that allows naval information networks to
extend seamlessly from individual ships and submarines to other networks around the globe. NMT
replaces three separate systems currently deployed, extending the submarine and shipboard capability
from EHF waveforms to AEHF, and providing global broadcast system services. These communication
investments are maximizing use of limited bandwidth—contributing to mission effectiveness while
enhancing QoL.
Investments in IPv6
A hidden issue for most of the naval population is the technical transition from IP version 4, which
the majority of the world now uses, to the new IP version 6 (IPv6). With the Internet population
continuing to increase, the physical “address space” of the Internet itself will run out perhaps as early
as 2011. As with any scarce resource, this will result in rationing, sales of scarce assets, and individual
addresses fragmenting from what today is a somewhat orderly structure. Given that the bulk of our
communications is evolving to depend upon IPs, this fragmentation will potentially result in large-scale
routing and communications failures. The Navy has made strides in making this transition, evidenced
by testing IPv6 networks in our lab environments. While this is often seen as a “geek-speak” technical
issue, Navy investments in IPv6 are critical.
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Operationalize C2
Investments in Naval Expeditionary C2
“Command and Control” (C2) is the means and methods by which a commander recognizes what needs to be
done in any situation and see that appropriate actions are taken faster than the enemy can react. MDA–the
effective understanding of anything associated with the maritime domain that could affect the security, safety,
economy, or environment of a nation–is a supporting element in the ability to conduct effective C2.
More than two decades ago, in response to lessons learned from previous wars, senior government leaders
recognized that investing in a joint force working in tandem would build the most effective future military
force. Since the landmark Goldwater-Nichols DoD Reorganization Act of 1986 changed the way DoD operates
by centralizing operational authority through the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs, effective joint operations have
now become commonplace. Naval forces are now called upon to conduct a wide variety of missions, ranging
from war prevention, crisis response, civil-military operations, counterinsurgency, and irregular warfare.
Navy and Marine Corps strategy therefore shifted away from blue water open-ocean warfighting and toward
joint operations from the sea, implicitly recognizing that sea control was a means to an end—namely, the
projection of power ashore. Building on this vision, throughout the 1990s, naval experimental simulations
and wargames (e.g., Global Title X) yielded valuable data from continuing investments in transforming
naval operational planning as a joint force commander. Unique naval challenges in accommodating the very
vastness of the world’s oceans are now being considered in multiservice forums.
Preserving naval C2 superiority is essential. Gaps in C2 capabilities studied in the wake of the September
11, 2001 attacks and in operations ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF), IRAQI FREEDOM (OIF), as well as
Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Relief (HA/DR) missions during Hurricane Katrina indicated rapid,
consistent, and shared situational understanding was needed at all command levels, particularly at the
operational level.
The Sea as Maneuver Space: Seabasing
Naval investment in improving C2 capability advanced with the Globally Networked Joint Force Maritime
Command Centers, which enhanced Navy capability in operational planning and performance as a
joint force maritime commander to enable joint naval power projection from the sea. Today, there is a
growing recognition among the US and its international partners that many current problems require
solutions that involve coordinated application of all elements of national and multinational power, often
applied in concert with other organizations. Continuous investments in the concept of Seabasing, the
ability to conduct at-sea transfer of Sailors, Marines, and supplies to ships and shores without reliance
on land bases, will be a key critical enabler for future naval capability in deploying and sustaining joint
forces from the sea.
Strategic Collaborative Alignment
The National Strategy for Maritime Security (2005) and A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower
(2007) recognize the great extent of economic links within the global system, and how disruptions due
to regional crises can adversely affect this system, and in turn, the US economy and quality of life. These
new strategies emphasize military collaboration with international partners to prevent crises from
occurring, or reacting quickly should one occur to avoid negative impacts to today’s complex security
environment. For example, these strategies can be applied against Somali pirates off the Horn of Africa
who are disrupting commercial and noncommercial maritime activity in the Gulf of Aden and Indian
Ocean. Over the past 12 years, US forces have increasingly been committed around the globe to conduct
fast-paced operations on short notice, and the Navy and Marine Corps are often first with forces on
station. Therefore, naval forces desire flexible approaches to task organization and command arrangements
with reachback (backward access from forward positions) if needed to higher headquarters with larger
reservoirs of knowledge, experience, and information available in real time or near-real time.
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Maritime Operations Center (MOC)
Operational level C2 requires an effective operational HQ trained, equipped, and experienced with established
processes to execute an approved doctrine for joint operations. The MOC concept has emerged as a global
naval initiative that equips, accredits, and certifies Navy Component Command (CC) and numbered Fleets
with standardized organization, processes, and a globally networked architecture. These elements support
Navy CCs assigned operational-level C2 responsibilities, as a Joint Force Maritime Component Commander
(JFMCC) or a Commander, Joint Task Force (CJTF). The goal is to enable staffs to make a seamless transition
from a normal peacetime posture to major combat or disaster relief operations on a regional or global level,
while ensuring normal Fleet management functions. Operational staffs do not execute missions themselves,
but task tactical forces, and then monitor the operation. Recently, significant progress was made in concept
validation, metrics establishment, and process implementation operationally tested by the Fifth, Sixth, and
Seventh Fleets, with accreditations earned. The FY2009 budget provides investment dollars to support
MOCs, and future investments are necessary to sustain and grow these achievements.
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“Plug-and-Fight” C2
Modeled on a C2 philosophy of centralized guidance, collaborative planning, and decentralized execution,
MOCs have the flexibility to rapidly transition from fixed, shore-based HQs to a variety of platforms
afloat, or combinations thereof. For example, C4I systems information requirements for MOCs will vary;
what is needed during a regional conflict or a small special operation can be dramatically different from
what is required for HA/DR missions. This restructuring initiative comes in a time when the maritime
commander may need to command forces (Marine Corps, and possibly Army) not just on/underneath
the sea and the air above it, but over areas such as islands, peninsulas, and farther inland.
Development of MOCs is one of Commander, US Fleet Forces (USFF) highest-priority projects. MOC
development is a global effort, requiring all numbered Fleets and NCCs to co-evolve this concept to
ensure creation of a globally netted capability that meets the demands and challenges of the President’s
National Strategy for Maritime Security.
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Trident Warrior
MOC Enhancements
MOC accreditation and certification requires individual and team training and exercises to
create and maintain operational proficiency. Trident Warrior is NETWARCOM’s annual
experimental exercise performed under real-world operating conditions at sea, a dynamic
environment to evaluate technologies, lessons learned, and enhance warfighting capability. The
FY09 exercise, held in the Atlantic Second and Sixth Fleet operating areas in conjunction with
other agencies and participants, evaluated routine MOC-to-MOC collaboration, responses to
transregional threats, and MDA delivery through a multicollaborative environment. Exercise
results are available from NETWARCOM staff.
Through continued investments across the POM cycle, MOCs will standardize with flexibility for regional
requirements. Initial Navy investments in design and architecture will converge MOCs to common
C4I systems and software tools. In the future, the Navy may consider further enhancements to power
projection and mobility by installing MOC capability aboard ships such as carriers and large-deck
amphibious ships, in addition to C2 ships. The Navy is investing in building common mission sets that
are scalable for operational tasks, networking MOCs into existing global network connectivity, with the
goal to globally network all MOCs into a collaborative maritime assessment, planning, and execution
community. As the MOC concept matures, the pace of warfighting readiness will accelerate and naval
capability will be greatly enhanced.
SPAWAR Systems Center Pacific (SSC PAC) conducted physiological
workload measurement and decision-quality testing to measure
information flow by collecting data on how interaction between people and
computers affects real-time human performance. SSC PAC will compare
testing results with benchmarks from current laboratory research results
to validate test sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability. Their Trident Warrior
effort has potential for future applications in workload management,
training, and decision support.
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Deployable Joint C2
Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA)
The Deployable Joint (DJ) C2 system is a major DoD IT investment in robust modular, scalable, and
reconfigurable system of systems which enables a Joint Force Commander (JFC) to set up a self-contained,
secure, computer network-enabled temporary maritime C2 headquarters facility anywhere in the world
within 6-24 hours. Utilizing a fielded DJC2 system with the Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE),
a commander and staff can securely communicate with partners globally across five different networks,
including access to the GIG. This powerful C2 capability enables VTC in remote locations, where a fully
integrated C2/collaboration software tool suite can be used to plan and execute missions.
DoD defines the maritime domain as the “oceans, seas, bays, estuaries, islands, coastal areas,
and the airspace above these, including the littorals.” Numerous strategies require the coupling
of global maritime intelligence integration efforts with situational awareness of the maritime
domain. This includes battlespace awareness and the observation/orientation phases of the C2
process that depends on ISR capabilities. It also includes MDA, which results in the ability to
obtain full situational awareness of all ships and aircraft (military, commercial, and others), and
their operational patterns within the maritime domain.
DJC2 also includes additional specialized configurations designed to support a commander’s need for C2
in specialized circumstances, which include a “suitcase” communications suite that can be hand-carried on
short notice by a first responder or control team, and a small, air-certified headquarters suite, which can
operate aboard a military aircraft while in flight. Investments in DJC2 are vital in providing a commander
with significant operational flexibility in platform choice that best meets the mission need, reducing force
self defense or manpower requirements, and number of forces in harm’s way.
A key element of MDA is the ability to effectively track merchant shipping at home and
abroad. The Sea Services are investing in improving integration of current systems and
sensors that will integrate information from disparate sources into a common picture
and database, which will make data available to all individuals or agencies having an
interest in ship tracking and related information. Information can be accessed in
Google Earth™ mapping service displays, complete with tracks and destinations,
3-D models of ship types, vessel photos, and other detailed information. The key
benefit will be automated, easier, and improved merchant shipping tracking and
identification with early warning of suspicious activity for further analysis or
onboard inspections. Headquarters commands must be able to share aspects
of MDA with other commands, and can improve global awareness through
technology, professional training, and information sharing. In accordance
with SECNAV directives from 2008, various Navy, interagency, and allied
partner locations now have MDA capability, including MOCs.
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• Distributed Common Ground System-Navy (DCGS-N) Program: Provides ISR
and Targeting (ISR&T) system support for naval Sea Strike and Sea Basing.
DCGS-N will receive and process multiple data streams from
various ISR sources to provide time-critical aim points and
intelligence products in support of the MOC Program.
It will enhance the warfighter’s COP and MDA.
DCGS-N merges ISR support into a web-enabled,
Net-Centric, Joint-interoperable enterprise, making
ISR data visible, accessible, and understandable.
The Navy plans to invest in procuring 34
systems from fiscal 2007-2010. As a part of
the transformation to open architecture (OA)
system, DCGS-N will migrate to SOA and
CCE provided by CANES’ ACS.
DCGS-N Block One will be installed
on all aircraft carriers, amphibious
assault ships, and fleet command
ships during FY2009-2011 to replace
the legacy systems
Block Two will be fielded primarily
as ISR&T software applications via
CANES starting FY2012
ISR and C2 Program Portfolio
Investments in ISR programs provide naval forces with the critical C2 capabilities to collect, process,
exploit, and disseminate information regarding an adversary’s capability and intent, affecting a commander’s
possible courses of action. ISR uses surveillance to systematically observe the area of operations by visual,
aural, electronic, photographic, or other means. Investments in the naval ISR portfolio will provide timely
imminent threat warning, support effective tactical over-watch of combat forces, and enable rapid response.
Due to the vastness of terrain and ocean, joint interoperability is also a central theme across many different
technology boundaries. While much of this work is conducted within the classified domain and inappropriate
for inclusion in this document, some of the unclassified work key to naval investments in this area are
detailed below.
• Automatic Identification System (AIS) Program: A commercial shipboard broadcast system that identifies
vessels in an information-sharing environment. Since fishing vessels are not currently required to
carry AIS transponders, current AIS data will not aid in detecting or sorting the legitimate fishing/
merchant traffic from the drug runner or terrorist. The USCG is working on developing tools to integrate
intelligence information with sorting criteria and anomaly detection software for each unique operating
location to establish an operationally effective MDA picture.
• Joint Tactical Terminal (JTT) Program: Provides a seamless, near-real-time tactical intelligence, targeting,
and situational awareness information. The JTT provides the critical data link to battle managers,
intelligence centers, air defense, fire support elements, and aviation nodes across all services.
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• Global Command and Control System Maritime (GCCS-M) Program: The current POR for Navy C2. The
primary role of GCCS-M is to provide real-time (or near real-time) planning, execution and situational
awareness of the battlefield environment for combatant commanders, tactical decision-makers and
warfighters. The objective of the GCCS-M program is to satisfy Fleet C4I requirements through the
rapid and efficient development and fielding of centrally managed C4I capability. The GCCS-M system
comprises four main variants: Ashore, Afloat, Tactical/Mobile, and Multilevel Security (MLS) that
together provide C2 information to warfighters in all naval environments.
• Naval Tactical Command Support System (NTCSS): A combination of integrated tactical, logistical, and
command support information systems that routinely support logistics and financial management,
aviation support, and a host of services that enhance the quality of life of naval personnel aboard ships,
submarines, and aviation squadrons, as well as improving intermediate maintenance activities (afloat
and ashore). A planned upgrade in FY11-13, SEAHAWK, is a flexible web service interface capable of
providing logistics data in near real-time to third-party applications or systems. The system will deliver
an integrated maintenance and distance support solution for depot-level maintenance tasks aboard
Navy vessels, submarine tenders, and pier-side maintenance.
• Net-Enabled Command Capability (NECC) Program: A new-start Joint C2 program led by the Defense
Information Systems Agency (DISA) focused on providing commanders and warfighters with
interoperable, web-enabled, timely information to make effective decisions. NECC also will provide new
C2 enhancements into a fully integrated, collaborative Joint solution. NECC is DoD’s principal future C2
capability that will be accessible in a net-centric environment. This approach is consistent with proposed
design paths for FORCEnet, NCO, and the Global Information Grid–Enterprise Services (GIG-ES).
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Transitioning C2 and ISR to SOA
With converging networks and decoupling services through employment of a SOA construct,
automated information systems such as C2 and ISR can be quickly developed to facilitate
plug-and-play information access and sharing to allow dynamic, agile collaboration and
accelerated decision making for warfighters amid unprecedented quantities of operational
data. The ability to collect, analyze, and act rapidly on ISR information is essential to their
ability to make decisions and take actions inside the enemy’s C2 timeline. These automated
information systems can be built to use SOA-enabling services. The resultant systems,
once deployed in the afloat environment will render to naval forces a set of common and
recomposable (e.g., “My Watch Station”) services to improve information sharing among
Navy and Marine Corps forces, essential to mission readiness and combat effectiveness.
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Continued investments in SOA by the Navy and Marine Corps are bringing warfighters the
C2 tools they need to improve battlespace awareness, increase agility, and enhance mission
responsiveness. Moving forward, the Navy continues investing in transitioning C2 capability
to the SOA-enabled Navy GCCS-M system.
Marine Corps SOA segments into two elements: Enterprise and Warfighter/Tactical. USMC
is moving forward with MCEITS, the enterprise services component of the MAGTF C2
construct. Currently, MCEITS is closing the communications gap between Marine Corps
legacy IT architecture and the emerging SOA-based DoD network-centric infrastructure to
better enable information access and collaboration.
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
Persistent Surveillance
Investments in operationalizing C2 are as crucial as
discovering and fielding new products and services.
Communications, sensing, and the ability to effectively
route information to those who need it continues to be a
core requirement of the DoN. Naval forces will significantly
increase ISR ability to detect, classify, and track targets in support
of integrated undersea, surface, and air warfare by investing
in upgrading the capability and connectivity among sensors,
surveillance systems, and other nodes in the battlespace, expanding,
and enhancing the surveillance aperture through the power of the
network. This includes improving connectivity to undersea, surface,
airborne, and spaceborne nodes. These technologies will enable information
dominance leading to decision superiority by putting critical information
into the hands of the warfighter, at the right time, in the right place.
An example of this expanded aperture is the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance
Unmanned Aircraft System (BAMS UAS), an endurance vehicle with worldwide
access to supply continuous information in near-real time at extended ranges to
the joint force. BAMS will conduct open-ocean and littoral surveillance of targets
as small as exposed submarine periscopes, significantly enhancing ground as
well as sea-surface pictures. This maritime ISR will provide a commander
with a persistent, reliable picture of surface threats, while minimizing
the need to put manned assets in harms way to execute surveillance
and reconnaissance tasks. In its Sea Shield FORCEnet role, BAMS
UAS on-station persistence enables unmatched MDA of the
battlespace by sustaining the maritime COP for surface
warfare, Overseas Contingency Operations, and
homeland defense. Scheduled IOC is FY2014.
In summary,
as investments
by Team SPAWAR,
NETWARCOM, OPNAV,
and Marine Corps in
operationalizing C2 continue, by
2014 naval and joint forces will share
globally networked HQ commands with
MOCs in an agile, secure, and enterprise C2
network. It will be capable of supporting instantaneous
cyber network requirements from normal and routine
Fleet management through Navy component, joint, and
coalition maritime components to joint task force responsibilities.
Capable of transitioning from shore-through-the-air-and-the-sea to
expeditionary locations forward ashore, this responsive cyber-secure managed
network will be capable of leveraging the entire Naval Enterprise to deliver realtime transformational capability to commanders across the range of military and
humanitarian operations.
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Success Story
NCW Exemplified: Task Force 50
On September 11, 2001 the USS Carl Vinson (CVN-70) Battle Group (BG), commanded by Rear
Admiral (RADM) Thomas E. Zelibor, on a scheduled deployment in the North Arabian Sea, was
suddenly propelled to the front lines of Overseas Contingency Operations. Launching the first
strikes supporting OEF, the BG undertook a major unplanned combat role in a daunting joint and
combined fighting environment consisting, at one point, of more than 59 ships. Over the next
several months, TF 50 clocked ~25,000 flight hours, flew 8,688 sorties, dropped over 2 million
pounds of ordnance, conducted maritime intercept operations, air warfare, air-to-ground strikes,
undersea warfare, Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM) strikes, and protected shipping.
Seeking the most efficient and effective way to conduct C2, RADM Zelibor streamlined information
sharing (up and down the chain of command), simplified processes, standardized procedures and
collaboration among all personnel. These measures accelerated the speed of operations.
TF 50 implemented a Knowledge Wall (KWall) and Web (KWeb)–multiple screens and software–
as their operational C2 system. Continuously updated information from multiple sources
displayed instantly in a user-friendly format over a secure web portal. The BG shared specific
information pertaining to defense, surface warfare, intelligence, or weather accessible in easyto-use, multitier displays.
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KWeb was faster and more accurate than voice and message communications—the operational
summaries and intention messages used in the past, allowing officers to spend more time planning tactics
and strategy, speeding decision time. Shortened daily briefings allowed RADM Zelibor to delegate more
responsibility within the chain of command. Internet chat rooms used extensively by TF 50 provided nearinstantaneous communication between METOC, Tomahawk targeting, time-sensitive intelligence, and
logistics COI on land with those who were embarked, freeing up valuable voice communications for timesensitive air defense information.
CommandNet was a popular, simple-to-use, low-bandwidth SA tool used more than 14,000 times by
commanders and warfighters to distribute critical messages throughout the force, supporting dramatic
increases in shared BG SA. The ubiquity of shared information saved time for faster mission execution. This
efficiency was evident during a search and rescue operation conducted over the Indian Ocean, where one ship
shared bailout coordinates with a ship closer to the incident that did not have the same communication ability.
Several recently deployed BG commanders have expanded and enhanced RADM Zelibor’s seminal work.
The beauty of the C4ISR and business systems now in use is their ability to tailor decisive information
delivery to watchstander needs—everything from platoon maneuver support to full-scale strike group highintensity operations.
TF 50’s success during OEF exemplifies what technological and process changes, coupled with innovative
leadership, can accomplish today—and tomorrow.
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“The opening rounds of the next war will likely be in cyberspace.
The Navy must organize, train, and resource a credible Navy
Cyber Force, and develop ‘leap-ahead,’ interoperable, and
resilient capabilities in cyberspace to successfully counter and
defeat a determined, asymmetric threat.”
–Admiral Gary Roughead,
Chief of Naval Operations
S
Cyber Warfare
Reshaping a Dynamic
Battlespace
ince its founding in 1882, Naval Intelligence has
had a rich and successful history of integrating
cryptology and signals intelligence into operational
successes. One of the best examples is Fleet Admiral
(FADM) Chester Nimitz’ successful planning for the
Battle of Midway. Having fully integrated operational
intelligence derived from code breaking–with emphasis
on determining enemy intent–into his planning, FADM
Nimitz’ team designed a successful operation that was the
turning point of the war in the Pacific. Today, the definition of
“cyber” revolves heavily around the use of highly interconnected
computer networks on which so many functions depend—not
just communications, but command and control: the ability to
decide inside the enemy’s “decision cycle,” with the capability to
defend, exploit, and attack on those networks.

Cyber Force Alignment
USCYBERCOM
In order to dynamically align operational cyber capabilities under a single commander to present a
powerful and unified, holistic approach that will effectively address cyber risk and ensure freedom
of action in cyberspace, in June 2009 the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) directed establishment of a
unified US Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM). This new COCOM, a subordinate unified command of
USSTRATCOM, will protect military networks and conduct a range of offensive cyber warfare capabilities,
as well as provide support to civil authorities and international partners. While mission and roles are still
to be fully determined, USCYBERCOM is expected to reach Initial Operating Capabilities in the fall of
2009 and Full Operating Capability by fall 2010.
FLTCYBERCOM
Protecting Cyberspace is Vital to National Security
Cyberspace threats and attacks occur daily against many of our vulnerable, vital computer network
infrastructure. Current security measures are inadequate and have resulted in loss of critical data, cyber
assets, and essential services, threatening US national and economic security.
Cyber operations include more than network warfare operations. Terrorists are using IEDs in Iraq and
Afghanistan and GPS and SATCOM technology. Adversaries conduct Internet financial transactions and
engage in radar and navigational jamming, as well as attacking networks. Adversarial denial of the cyberspace
to US military operations could significantly reduce our capabilities. Naval forces must be properly equipped,
fully prepared, and ever vigilant to protect against an electronic Pearl Harbor. Investments in organizational
changes are every bit as critical as investments in technology advances to outpace the threat. Significant
organizational changes have, and continue to be made at the DoD, OPNAV staff, in the Fleet, and the
acquisition community to increase the speed, agility, and governance of the cyber domain.
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Concurrently, CNO directed establishment of a Fleet Cyber Command (FLTCYBERCOM) early this
fall to serve as the Navy Component to USCYBERCOM. FLTCYBERCOM’s mission will be to serve as
central operational authority for networks, intelligence, cryptology/SIGINT, IO, cyber, Electronic Warfare
(EW), and space in support of naval forces afloat and ashore.
NETWARCOM
NETWARCOM, whose operational duties in space and network assets complement the DoD and
Navy cyber effort at large, will realign under FLTCYBERCOM and its “man, train, and equip”
TYCOM duties will be redistributed to the Commander FFC staff as appropriate.
OPNAV N2/6 Directorate
The recent OPNAV reorganization that consolidates DCNO N2 with DCNO N6 into a single Directorate,
DCNO N2/6 represents significant long-term Navy investments in the planning, integration, and
resourcing of valued intelligence and counterintelligence assets into a single, expanded organization to
achieve the necessary integration and innovation for warfighting dominance.
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Defining the Battlespace
Unprecedented opportunities are ahead for the Navy to operate effectively in cyberspace, currently defined
as “A global domain within the information environment consisting of the interdependent network of IT
infrastructures, including the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded
processors and controllers.” A major Navy cyber domain is at the bottom of the ocean, protecting undersea
fiber optic cables that carry much of the world’s Internet traffic. Unmanned vehicles, the Submarine Force,
and offensive littoral MDA applications could play major roles in preventing disruptions to electronic
transmissions. Other cyber domains include wireless networks and satellite communications. Recent
activities, such as the 2008 cyber attacks on Georgia and Estonia, highlight the complex and dynamic
nature of cyber threats.
CNO ADM Gary Roughead is shaping his cyber focus through the Navy’s Cyberspace Strategy (currently
in draft form). The CNO is devoting more “thinking and resources” to cyber security, “which will dominate
our…investments in a significant way” over the next few years. Since cyberspace presents challenges and
creative alternatives in shaping and controlling the battlespace, properly trained cyber personnel are
necessary to execute cyberspace effects.
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Technological Challenges and Opportunities
In addition to Navy leadership bringing more game-changing ideas to the Fleet, driving the IO and
cyberspace challenge is the exponential pace at which technology is developing today and its impact on
society and the military. In the not-so-distant future, if Moore’s law continues with projected computing
capability doubling every 18 months, then tomorrow’s generation will be able to access speeds and
capacities approaching 100,000 times greater than today. Data at rest, data in motion, and computational
power will all change, and virtual reality will continue to blend in with reality and in some cases will be
indistinguishable, with important ramifications for the naval cyber forces.
One of the key enablers for the future environment is how humans will interact with cyberspace—which
will be omnipresent. Like the air we breathe, we will be surrounded by sensors, communications,
information, linkages, computing, collaborative entities, and converged social, physical, and biological
networks that interact with each other. This rapidly evolving environment will present new challenges
and opportunities to the DoD, Navy, and the Marine Corps.
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The Cyber Workforce
Thousands of active and reserve Sailors, Marines, and civilians work together to align and coordinate the
links in the cyber warfare chain. Their ultimate task is to ensure warfighters and their commanders have
the information they need, when they need it, in order to make and execute decisions in an increasingly
fast-paced, network-centric battlespace.
Within Team SPAWAR, PEO C4I personnel provide vital and wide-ranging support for Navy IO and
IA capabilities. Specifically, PMW 120 (BA and IO) provides net-ready intelligence, meteorological,
oceanographic, and IO products and services to the Fleet. PMW 120’s Littoral Battlespace Sensing, Fusion,
and Integration (LBSF&I) Program allows forces to sense and exploit change in the environment, exploit
and control enemy use of the radio frequency spectrum, process and analyze data, and provide timely,
accurate, and relevant information to the warfighter and intelligence community.
PMW 160 (Tactical Networks) also serves the fleet in many ways. Currently, PMW 160 is the Navy’s
Computer Network Defense (CND) service provider that also manages cryptographic systems
maintenance and modernization services. PMW160 personnel provide the Fleet with network
fabric and services used by multiple shipboard tactical and business applications and systems such
as ISNS and CANES, and routinely install, maintain, and train crewmembers in IA, operational,
and maintenance procedures. This work is expanding so rapidly that a second program office may
be created for the IA/CND procurement mission, which would separate these responsibilities
from network infrastructure provisioning.
Per recent realignment efforts, OPNAV N2/N6 will assume NETWARCOM’s previous
community management responsibilities for the restricted line officer communities known as
Information Professionals (IP) and Information Warfare (IW) Officers. IPs and IWOs are directly
involved in every aspect of Navy operations, and deploy worldwide to support Navy and joint
warfighting requirements. They provide critical information to tactical-, theater-, and nationallevel decision makers, serving from sea, air, and shore commands around the world. OPNAV
N2/N6 will manage the training, qualifications, and career progression of these communities
in addition to enlisted Intelligence Specialists (IS). Ongoing “community” discussions continue
to reshape these efforts.
HQ USMC C4 is leading an effort, with the support of the Training and Education Command
(TECOM) and the MCNOSC, to create a C4 Training and Education Center of Excellence that will
provide Staff Noncommissioned Officers (SNCOs) and field-grade officers with the requisite skill to
perform as joint, combined, and MAGTF network planners.
USMC cyber force actions include creation of an Alternate Military Occupational Specialty (AMOS)
9934 for USMC IO, and IO Capabilities Integration Officer at the Marine Corps Combat Development
Command (MCCDC), and IO staff officer positions filled by Special Education Program graduates of the
Naval Postgraduate School. In response to COCOM calls to prioritize IO integration into joint warfighting
missions, USMC will stand up the Marine Corps Information Operations Center (MCIOC) in Quantico, VA
in 2009. MCIOC will provide full-spectrum and readily accessible USMC IO resources to the MAGTF.
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
OPNAV and Acquisition Community Alignment
As selected commands realign into the larger DoD cyber construct, the CNO staff and acquisition
community are also undergoing change to counteract network and cyber threats. SECNAV recently
created a new Assistant Chief of Naval Operations (ACNO) System Program Office position to ensure
NGEN will be more reliable, secure, and responsive to the DoN network requirements, and to synchronize
authority for resources, requirements, operations, acquisition, and technical authorization. NGEN is
the follow-on program to NMCI when the current contract transitions September 30, 2010 and is an
essential component of the DoN’s continuing investments in building the integrated naval networks that
comprise the future NNE.
NGEN System Program Office (SPO)
The new directorate, the NGEN SPO, will coordinate continued service for existing shore and garrison
networks, support consolidation of legacy networks, and direct the transition to NGEN while providing
implementation oversight. NGEN SPO reorganization emphasizes Navy and Marine Corps commitment
to an integrated network environment vital to effective cyberspace operations.
Network Governance
On October 30, 2008 CNO formally chartered the Navy Information Technology Management Council
(ITMC) as the senior IT and Information Management (IM) Flag and SES-level decision forum for
the Navy. The ITMC will ensure Navy coherence and synchronization of all computer requirements,
programming, and acquisition in support of cyberspace dominance across all mission areas of the GIG.
This includes warfighting, business, enterprise information, environment, and intelligence across all Joint
Capability Areas (JCAs). Investments in analytical tools complement this governance body, allowing
data based investment decisions to influence the entire force. CNO Executive Boards (CEB) continue to
address governance issues, particularly as organizational responsibilities shift via billet realignments.
C4ISR Role in Cyber Operations
Cyberspace Operations are defined as the employment of cyber capabilities where the primary purpose
is to achieve military objectives or effects in or through cyberspace. Such operations include Computer
Network Operations (CNO) and activities to operate and defend the GIG.
The associated mission areas of CNO, Network Operations (NetOPS), and Information Assurance (IA)
will be enabled by common technologies that must be highly synchronized to maximize limited resources.
NetOps is a critical enabler across all battlefields in support of cyberspace.
Information Operations (IO)
IO integrates employment of core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer network operations,
psychological operations, military deception, and operations security in concert with specified supporting
and related capabilities to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp adversarial human and automated decision
making while protecting our own. Naval cyber forces will require new ways of thinking to ensure freedom
of movement in cyberspace. While not the sole integrating function, IO will enable the Navy to take full
advantage of its unique ability to gain access to and influence cyberspace from seabed to space.
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
Information Assurance (IA)
IA is the technical and managerial measures to protect information and information systems. Adherence to
IA principles comprises the critical component of the Navy’s ability to effectively command and control its
forces and operate in cyberspace. IA programs enable the Fleet to defend its information and information
systems against malicious threats, unauthorized access, unauthorized disclosure, disruption, modification,
or destruction.
Today, executing specific responsibilities within the Navy IA Program is a team effort:
• Currently, NETWARCOM, in conjunction with its subordinate Navy Information Operations Center
(NIOC), Naval COMSEC Material System (NCMS), and Navy NCDOC serves as the Operational
Designated Approving Authority (ODAA) for all operational Navy General Service (GENSER) classified
and unclassified IT systems, networks, and telecommunications systems. In short, NETWARCOM
sets policy and protects most of the Navy’s computer and telecommunications systems and networks.
While these roles will shift under the new organizational construct, the functions will continue to be
performed by operations-focused commands.
• SPAWAR serves as the Navy’s IA Technical Authority, providing high-level oversight and
standardization for information system Certification and Accreditation (C&A) processes for all IT
systems, sites, and networks.
• PEO C4I, as part of Team SPAWAR, serves as the Navy’s IA acquisition program manager and overall
systems security engineering lead. This includes working closely with the Office of Naval Research
(ONR) and the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) to conduct associated research and development and
full life-cycle systems support. PEO C4I is also the Navy lead on joint and coalition interoperability of
IA capabilities.
Defense in Depth
IA protects the warfighter by mitigating the potential hostile compromise of our maritime, airborne,
and shore weapons systems by employing a defense-in-depth strategy that provides overlapping layers
of security services to battle cyber threats.
Defense in depth organizes around four principles: Defend the Network and Infrastructure; Defend the
Enclave Boundary; Defend the Computing Environment; and Defend Supporting Infrastructures. Specifically,
the Navy’s IA programs provide the measures that protect and defend information and information systems
by ensuring their confidentiality, integrity, authentication, nonrepudiation, and availability.
• Confidentiality is the assurance that information is not disclosed to unauthorized entities or
processes.
• Integrity is the assurance of quality information reflecting logical correctness. Data cannot be created,
changed, or deleted without proper authorization.
• Authentication is a security measure designed to establish the validity of a transmission, message, or
originator.
• Nonrepudiation is the assurance that one party of a transaction cannot deny having received a transaction
nor can the other party deny having sent a transaction.
• Availability is the timely, reliable access to data and information services for authorized users.
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IA Programs
The Navy’s primary IA programs include Electronic Key Management System (EKMS), Crypto, Public
Key Infrastructure (PKI), and Computer Network Defense (CND). Built into each of these programs are
a robust certification and accreditation program to ensure security risks and vulnerabilities are mitigated
before systems are fielded.
Electronic Key Management System (EKMS)
Computer security relies on secret cryptographic keys to protect mission-critical and national security
data, such as classified data and voice transmitted over radios, satellites, phones, and Internet
pathways. EKMS securely distributes electronic keys, reducing the likelihood of compromise
by our adversaries. Over the next decade, the EKMS will transform into an overarching Key
Management Infrastructure (KMI) that will provide improved management of cryptographic
keys and material, increased security, and will automate most current manual cryptographic
work, providing efficiencies and cost avoidances.
Cryptographic Products and Crypto Modernization
Type-1 encryption services provide confidentiality to classified networks. These
services protect up to Top Secret Special Compartmented Information (TSSCI) data and sensitive voice communications in transit and at rest from
unauthorized disclosure.
The Navy’s Cryptographic Modernization Program Office executes
CNO’s charter to develop and/or centrally procure, distribute, repair,
and provide life-cycle maintenance for cryptographic products.
The program office also oversees the research and development,
testing, and certification of future crypto devices.
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
PKI executes strong certificate-based authentication to protect access to private military networks, web
servers, and applications. The infrastructure consists of the hardware, software, policies, and procedures
required to create, manage, store, distribute, and revoke keys and certificates for use on sensitive but
unclassified networks such as secure official email, certificate-based two-way authentication to websites
and applications, secure electronic transactions, and smart card-based cryptographic network logon to
the nonclassified network “NIPRNet.” Classified network “SIPRNet” PKI capability will be integrated
into both ashore and afloat networks in the future. The Navy PKI effort is a component the DoD PKI
joint program led by the Defense System Information Agency (DISA) and has the responsibility for PKI
integration across all Navy networks.
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Computer Network Defense (CND)
CND encompasses all actions to protect, monitor, detect, analyze, and respond to unauthorized activity
within Navy networks and systems. NCDOC is assigned the responsibility to coordinate, monitor, and
oversee the defense of Navy networks and systems, including telecommunications. NCDOC is the
Navy’s operational link to Joint Task Force–Global Network Operations (JTF-GNO), which operates
and defends the GIG.
The Navy employs an enterprise approach to the implementation of CND capabilities. The Navy Research
Laboratory (NRL) assists in the development of CND technologies and partners with the Navy’s CND
acquisition program office. Tools such as Host Based Security System (HBSS), the Secure Configuration
Compliance Validation Initiative (SCCVI), and Secure Configuration Remediation Initiative (SCRI)
deliver the capability to monitor and control execution of authorized applications and processes at the
host level, manage security patches throughout the enterprise, and verify security configurations of Navy
systems. The CND architecture includes Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), firewalls, Virtual Private
Networks (VPN), and other boundary devices that guard against network-based attacks and improve
NCDOC visibility of unauthorized activity on Navy networks.
Certification & Accreditation (C&A)
C&A is critical to managing IT risk. The Navy leads DoD’s transition to the new Defense Information
Assurance Certification and Accreditation Program (DIACAP), which establishes C&A responsibilities
and collaboration mechanisms at every organizational level. This governance structure establishes a
relationship between aggregated information security risks, enterprise mission, and business risks. The
Navy leads the services in implementing policy and procedures fully integrating C&A into information
and weapons system development. The Navy is actively preparing for the new DoD/DNI transformation,
which will unify the defense, intelligence, and civilian C&A programs. Navy’s C&A process is in concert
with the broader national security community as we move to all-Government in cyberspace, with servicecentric, globally interconnected information enterprises.
Moving Forward
As naval cyber forces move forward, we recognize that cyber security is the same as physical force protection.
Naval forces must be diligent, proactive, and adaptable, knowing when to attack and when to defend. We must
understand our operating environment, our enemies, and our own capabilities, and apply that understanding
in the most effective ways possible as we wage both offensive and defensive warfare in cyberspace.
While the bulk of reorganization work represents future investments of time and existing manpower, many
of the operational budget lines require increases to meet demand. For example, the transition of NMCI
networks (provided by a contractor) to naval operational control of what has become an essential part of
our operational fabric under the NGEN concept will require substantial increases in funding to support
long-term NGEN strategies and implementation plans. Naval Space-based capability and cyber-warfare
enhancements are continually undergoing refinement via today’s real-world experience on the front lines.
The need for close coupling of activities with intelligence assets and capability in real time are just a few
examples that represent substantial investment requirements over the course of the next several years.
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Our People
Total Workforce
T
“As I look to the future in my role as CNO, I see three
very simple things: to build tomorrow’s Navy; to
maintain the readiness of today’s Navy; and to ensure
the policies that we have in place for our people
continue to attract, recruit, and retain the young men
and women of America who can come to the Navy and
fulfill themselves both personally and professionally.”
he primary focus of Navy Total Force Strategy is to provide combat-ready forces to joint commanders
and deliver future capabilities to the Fleet. To that end, CNO will establish a “Corps of Information
Communities” in the fall of 2009 to more effectively and collaboratively lead and manage officers,
enlisted, and civilian professionals in information-intensive fields. This corps of professionals will comprise
the Information Dominance Corps, which will receive extensive specialized training, education, and work
experience in information, intelligence, networks, space, and oceanographic disciplines in order to deliver
dominant information capabilities supporting Navy and joint warfighter requirements.
–Admiral Gary Roughead
Chief of Naval Operations

Stand Up of Information Dominance Corps
In response to the establishment of a DoD-level CYBERCOM, OPNAV staff have reorganized to establish
Navy Component Commander to CYBERCOM. Integral to this reorganization is the stand up of the
Information Dominance Corps, initially planned for the following personnel and their COI: Information
Professional, Information Warfare, Naval Intelligence, and Oceanography officers; the Space Cadre; Aviation
Aerographers Mate, Cryptologic Technician, Intelligence Specialist, and Information Technician enlisted
personnel, as well as civilians assigned to the Navy Defense Civilian Intelligence Program. These C4ISR
professionals will deliver a vast array of products and services to an expanding customer base that includes
naval forces, joint commands, the acquisition community, customers, and other diverse stakeholders.
Resource Alignment
The DCNO for Information Dominance (N2/N6) is the lead of the Corps of Information Communities,
and in coordination with the Chief of Naval Personnel, will oversee an office within N2/N6 to act as the
Corps’ total force (active, reserve, officer enlisted, civilian) management office to assist in the development,
progression, and monitoring of Corps of Information career paths. The head of this office will work in concert
with Navy Total Force (CNP/N1) and subordinate commands to inform the entire Manpower, Personnel,
Training, and Education life cycle to enhance the Information Dominance Corps. This alignment is key
to attract, retain, and foster the best military and civilian C4ISR and IT workforce to exploit scientific and
technological advancements.
Diversity
Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM, MARCORSYSCOM, and other associated C4ISR professionals are
committed to recognizing and rewarding the contributions of its diverse Sailors, Marines, and civilians.
Diversity includes bringing different talents and life experiences, various academic disciplines, and different
personality types together to better solve the challenges of today’s complex environment. An example of
diversity at work is the sociologist or anthropologist at the front lines assisting troops in understanding and
relating to the local populace. Or, it can be the psychologist or human factors specialist contributing to an
engineering development effort. The complexity of today’s urban enhanced company operations exacerbated
by the presence of civilian noncombatants and spanning the gamut of conflict, coupled with remote operations
in sparsely populated mountainous terrain demands employment of diverse personnel, particularly from
both metropolitan backgrounds with urban skill sets and rural hunters used to rough terrain.
As the DoN continues to promote a culture of lifelong learning and continuous improvement, it is necessary
to embrace and empower our differences–be they urban, rural, academic, or experiential as well as traditional
diversity measures of race and gender–to achieve a total force that delivers greater agility and flexibility. In
an era where our adaptability and critical thinking are paramount to our readiness, a well-led, diverse, and
highly motivated workforce is imperative to realizing our potential and achieving operational excellence.
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
Retention
The Navy and Marine Corps value their C4ISR professionals in the Information Dominance Corps, and
make extensive investment in promoting and sustaining a culture that recognizes all contributions to
the warfighting effort. One of their top goals is to increase retention levels and grow total force assets by
providing personal and professional development, leadership, mentoring, and rewarding career choices
while recognizing the contributions and sacrifices of employees and their families. This total workforce
strategy aligns with the Navy’s plan to strengthen itself as the “employer of choice” through quality of life
and quality of work opportunities that embrace a diverse culture of mentorship and professional lifelong
learning opportunities, in service to our nation.
Active Reserve Integration (ARI)
Navy Total Force Strategy relies upon the collaboration, coordination, and utilization of all workforce
components. One of the key components is our highly skilled and talented Reserve Forces. The establishment
of a new management office within N2/N6 to assist in the progression of ARI into finely tuned career
paths will provide additional strengths to the Fleet. In addition to serving as a strategic baseline for crisis
response, Navy and Marine Corps C4ISR/IT Reservists provide unique military and technical capabilities,
knowledge, and experiences in an operational support role that serve current and future readiness in the
following domains:
• NET OPS: Provides Fleet and shore communications, network engineering support, information assurance,
and computer network defense capabilities to Fleet, shore, and joint activities.
• SPACE: Provides unique expertise and project support toward the operational employment of national
space systems capabilities, resulting in tactically relevant information to naval, joint, and coalition
operations.
• IO: Supports Fleet and joint IO mission areas that include network warfare, global strike and integration,
and global network operations in direct support of joint force commanders.
• INTEL: Provides information dominance encompassing a penetrating understanding of potential enemies,
improved human intelligence (HUMINT), and other capabilities and skill sets for special warfare,
expeditionary warfare, and traditional naval activities.
• SIGINT: Provides capability and focused IO that include SIGINT-related functions, through a virtually
distributed workforce to national, Fleet, and joint customers.
• C4ISR: Provides contingency response and resolution of C4ISR issues that affect current and future
Fleet readiness.
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TOTAL WORKFORCE
122

I
n addition to providing for forces in the field today and investing in known programmatic improvements
aimed at maintaining or enhancing the capabilities of the future force, the Navy must continue to invest
in promising technologies that will allow for continued growth. In this section, we shall explore some of
those technologies and their potential to change our way of doing business. These “seed corn” investments
can potentially change not only the Navy, but also the military and, in some cases, greatly affect the world:
DoD’s Advanced Research Projects Agency Internet (DARPA), and the resultant Internet is a perfect example
of a game-changing result spawned by our strategic technology investments.
Many years ago, CNO focused the efforts of the Strategic Studies Group (SSG) on examining a radically
new approach to maritime forces termed the “Free Form Force,” an advanced warfighting vision of the
future focused on extending capabilities and developing new ways to operate. The Free Form Force concept
describes an adaptable, flexible, and scalable maritime force designed to operate in an environment that
is both uncertain and increasingly complex, that can effectively respond to crisis, and even de-escalate
a dangerous or unstable trend before it amplifies. Our Illustration of the Vision in 2029 on the following
pages articulates the Free Form Force of the future, while highlighting investment areas upon which we
can focus today.
Strategic Technology
Navy and Marine Corps
After Next
“We must monitor, assess, and leverage emerging S&T
in a global environment. The worldwide movement of
technology and innovation demands taking advantage
of emerging ideas and science wherever they originate.
Our partnerships in 70 countries, 50 states, with
900 companies, 3,300 principal investigators, 3,000
graduate students, and 1,000 academic and nonprofit
entities puts us in good stead to maintain our
technological edge.”
-Rear Admiral Nevin P. Carr, Jr., USN
Chief of Naval Research, ONR

Future Science and Technology Investments
Our strategic technology investments must build on existing efforts to ensure that the warfighter maintains
the knowledge dominance of today and tomorrow. These technical investments must continue to focus on
a Navy and Marine Corps armed for:
• Domination of the electromagnetic spectrum and cyber space
• Implemented directed energy weaponry: fighting at the speed of light
• Achieved persistent, distributed surveillance in all domains
• Comprehensive MDA with large vessel stopping and weapons of mass destruction detection for enhanced
maritime intercept operations
• Affordable platform design and construction
• Adaptive, wireless communications networks
• Decision tools for commanders that provide tactical advantage
• Determination of threat intent through social and cultural understanding
• Lighter, faster, more lethal Marine Corps forces
• Accelerated team training and skill development
125
• Increased operational effectiveness through more efficient power and fuels
• Responsive and visible logistics to enable distributed forces
• Greater tactical advantage through superior knowledge and use of operational environments
Team SPAWAR, MARCORSYSCOM, the Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) Marine
Corps Warfighting Lab, and the Naval Research Enterprise (NRE), hereinafter referred to as “Research
Scientists and Engineers,” will enable the Navy and Marine Corps to achieve these S&T objectives through
a variety of roles, including:
• Conducting basic research
• Developing prototypes
• Demonstrating the operational effectiveness of new technologies in venues like Trident Warrior
• Transferring promising technical solutions into PORs or fielding nonPOR solutions
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
126

An Illustration of the Vision
Orange vs. Purple: Aboard the
USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75), Year 2029
The USS Harry S. Truman (CVN 75) Afloat Action Group (AAG) is underway off the Horn
of Africa, with the primary mission to provide humanitarian relief to country Orange after a
drought-induced food shortage led to civil unrest threatening to destabilize the elected government.
Dissidents within Orange supported by neighboring Purple are helping to stir up that unrest and
have threatened to attack aid workers and any other foreign “conquerors” found in country.
Inside the Combined Operations Center (COC)
Approximately 25 miles due west of Djibouti, CDR Ben Staley takes his Tactical Action
Officer (TAO) station seat in the center of the Combined Operations Center (COC) at the
heart of the ship, where he can see everything.
Behind CDR Staley are the ship’s operating positions: the helm, engineering,
and navigation watch stations overseen by the Officer of the Deck (OOD), still
referred to as a “bridge watch officer,” even though there isn’t a bridge anymore.
Relocating the “bridge” to the COC has improved communications and
coordination among those with roles in controlling and fighting the ship,
in addition to decreasing the size of the watch team. Like many of the
watch positions in the COC, the “bridge” watchstanders view of the
world is through a Fused Augmented Reality (FAR) Display that
provides a 360-degree unobstructed view around the ship out to the horizon. More than just an
electronic window, the FAR display combines visible spectrum video with infrared and RADAR
data, providing selected information from the ship’s combat, C2, and navigation systems in a
seamlessly fused presentation.
Benefits of New Technology
Near-term efforts by Research Scientists and Engineers will continue to yield reduced cost of operation
from initial construction throughout the lifecycle of the ship far into the future—including continued
size/weight/power reductions resulting from network consolidation and implementation of a Common
Computing Environment (CCE). The shift to all-fiber networks and increased secure wireless use will
also result in significant weight savings and reduced complexity in the cable plant. Continued increases in
“compute density” will result in more capability, with space reductions. Today’s investments in “natural”
and “task focused” human/computer interfaces, as well as human factors engineering studies, are changing
watchstanding display designs.
Lifecycle cost savings and more efficient crews will result from increased automation, enhanced knowledge
management, improved support systems, and employment of remote sensors to reduce manning.
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STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
128

Cyber Watch
Left of CDR Staley, were anchor modules representing the major departments that contribute to
the ship and AAGs successful operations: INTEL, OPS, CYBER OPS, LOGISTICS, WEAPONS,
and METOC.
LT Lipka mans the CYBER OPS position, maintaining situation awareness (SA) over all ship and
AAG cyber assets: user workstations, servers, networks, communications systems, and the hundreds
of other embedded processors and controllers that enable everything from ship control to logistics
sensors to weapons systems to voice, video, and data communications.
The only system not showing “green” on her board is the collaboration server that coalition forces are
using to coordinate relief operations in the region. The intelligent agent responsible for monitoring
server loads has both detected a problem and suggested a corrective action to LT Lipka. Acknowledging
it, a new virtual server clones from the current collaboration server and takes up part of the load. LT
Lipka also notes that the large number of remote sensors streaming video from the operations area
is threatening to overload the available low-, mid- and high-altitude communications relays, so she
slightly reduces bandwidth use among several autonomous airborne sensors.
129
Evolution of Navy C4ISR
A key element in the evolution of Navy C4ISR will be the increased ability to monitor and control all
aspects of the C4ISR infrastructure from the smallest embedded processor to the impact of space weather
on communications. Converged networks that support ship control, weapon systems, C2, business
systems and voice and video will require QoS management mechanisms, including fine-grained dynamic
management of bandwidth and security posture to ensure the C4ISR infrastructure is responsive to
the commander’s intent. The vast scope of this infrastructure will require the development of sensors,
monitoring, and management tools both more pervasive and sophisticated than available today. Cryogenic
RF technologies and bandwidth-on-demand initiatives in development today should result in increased
efficiencies in spectrum management.
Automated Workflow Management
Automated workflows and intelligent agents will facilitate C4ISR infrastructure management by
controlling information flow and data collection/processing. Working together, these two technologies
will enable human operators to focus on making decisions, instead of data processing and training. Today’s
investments in software agents, machine-to-person alerts, and machine-to-machine data automation
will greatly help future watchstanders.
Implications for Cyber
Closely related to our ability to manage and defend our own network and communications is the
concept of cyber warfare and our ability to impact or exploit opponents’ C4ISR systems. Navy ships
and organic assets provide unmatched ability to collect against and affect adversary networks and
communications from the ability to get closer and stay longer combined with the available power
and size of antenna apertures available on a ship. Fully exploiting these potential advantages will
require coordination in both ship design and operation of C4ISR infrastructure to enable use of
shared apertures to mitigate potential interference. Today’s investments in antennas are furthering
this effort.
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
130

Bird’s Eye View: USDC “Teleporting”
A
t the front of the COC is the Unmanned Systems Direction Cell (USDC) with five FAR displayequipped operator “pods.” These pods can provide a remote operator with either an overhead view
of remote systems and their surrounding environment, or a point-of-view presentation from the
vehicle’s perspective–often referred to as “teleporting.” While most of the unmanned system’s
activities supporting the Truman AAG are autonomous (i.e., self-contained and controlled),
some level of human oversight and even occasional direct control is still required.
Enhanced Situation Awareness
CDR Staley looks at the large main FAR display to take in the entire Truman AAG, including
Truman, the CVX class California, LHA 6 America, LPD 23 Anchorage, the T-AKE Wally Schirra,
a logistics support ship, and three LCSs – the Fort Worth, Coronado, and Del Mar. Symbology on
the display revealed that the Fort Worth was configured for ASW, the Del Mar was configured for
ASUW and the Coronado was loaded with a command center mission module for the associated
Marine Infantry battalion. The display also reflected elements of the three hybrid unmanned
squadrons embarked on Truman, including one squadron of F/A-18Xs with Unmanned Combat
Air Vehicle (UCAV) Mod 1 and two JSF squadrons with UCAV Mod 2s.
Sitting below the shared FAR display are the data fusion and SA experts who work closely with
CDR Staley that man the five smaller FAR stations. One is configured for AAG force projection;
a second for monitoring the flow of materiel/people going ashore; a third focuses on air traffic
control; and a fourth workstation displays the main FAR station on the C2 LCS with the ground
force picture. The fifth workstation was being used with the new direct neural interface to the
augmented reality system, providing an even higher bandwidth interaction than that afforded by
the 180-degree panorama of displays at each FAR workstation.
Thanks to the four Navy MUOS satellite launches that achieved Full Operational Capability
in 2014, implementation of a third-generation (3G) Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
cellular phone network architecture combined with geosynchronous satellites capability, the
warfighter now has greatly enhanced communication capability—10x more capacity than the old
UFO constellation and full access to the GIG.
Force Protection Watch Station
Integration of Unmanned Vehicles
Technological advances in autonomous navigation
and guidance, understanding of human language, and
autonomous C2 will lead to increased use of unmanned
vehicles and systems. Technologies flourishing under
secure IA that increase efficiencies, maximize
data fusion, create smart disembarked systems,
use directional antennas, and improve error
reduction and networking techniques will meet the
communications requirements of these systems.
“Quantum encryption” efforts and software
agents development ongoing today are examples
of work in these areas. Advances in unmanned
vehicle autonomy are also critical. For
example, biological studies characterizing
“swarm” behavior are proving to be useful
in a wide range of applications, including
robotics and nanotechnology, molecular
biology and medicine, and control
mechanisms in military tactics.
131
The Force Protection operator’s station combines inputs from national sensors, the other ships in
the AAG, all of the unmanned vehicles in the area, and other data sources into a single, fused 360degree view around the ship. The cross-section presentation displays a realistic 3D-model of every
aircraft, surface ship, or undersea vehicle for 50 miles out, color-coded based on perceived threat
level. These threat level assignments are based on a combination of intelligent agents looking for
certain movement patterns, supporting target information (such as the country of origin), and
automated target-recognition applications.
The ocean is rendered as transparent, allowing the operator to see an accurate representation
of the sea floor. From his position, CDR Staley could just detect the subtle color variations in the
undersea picture representing sensor coverage and convergence zones, as calculated by one of the
massively multiple processor computers available onboard the Truman. As the Force Protection
operator reaches out and touches each icon, a wealth of information about that contact projects
on the large semitransparent display above the panoramic displays.
Smaller, Smarter Sensors
Smaller, smarter sensors and vastly increased numbers of mobile autonomous sensors will provide
persistent surveillance across a multitude of spectrums, including the ability to detect from both
direct and indirect observations. As more data becomes available to warfighters, specialized metainformation technologies will commensurately increase in order to make the data easily accessible and
understandable by the warfighter and his commander. Today’s work in multistatic sensors, coupled
with spectral coding applied to markers and probes, will aid future SA.
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
132

Objective in Sight
The Truman’s position currently shows as 20 miles off shore in deep water for unrestricted maneuvering,
to avoid local traffic, and for a good view of anything approaching from underwater. Though the AAG
is geographically dispersed and without any escort ships within sight, the Truman is floating in a 20mile-wide bubble of persistent sensor coverage and ready weapons supplied by a mix of air, surface,
and undersea unmanned vehicles.
The CGX California stages closer to shore to provide air and missile defense for the amphibs, while still
protecting the carrier. The Wally Schirra docks to unload supplies. The two amphibs are near the beach
standing by to offload Marines, if called upon. The America, close in, collects current communications
and data traffic to assess SA. The LCS Coronado, just off shore, acts as command center coordinating
the activities for the US and coalition forces, and various NGOs involved in the aid operation.
Persistent, distributed sensing from sea floor to space–coupled with the power of the distributed disembarked
systems–linked for cooperative autonomous behavior, will provide increased defensive power. These crossdomain security solutions help to avoid war, and supply capability to wage peace as a first option. By pushing
the protective envelope away from the defended centers, the ability to use an array of nonkinetic–and less
lethal–options is a better solution.
OPC: Commanders’ Conference
Finally, to CDR Staley’s right is the Operations Planning Center (OPC), currently devoted to the
embarked Joint Task Force (JTF) commander and his staff. He could tell by the faint shimmer
in the air that the JTF staff had turned on the sound-blanking field, and from the displays that
appeared to be off (electronically masked) that they must be looking at SCI-level information.
Admiral Tuttle, JTF Commander, “In an ideal situation there would be no kinetic aspects to this
operation, but we have to take into account the disruptive influence of Purple. I expect to see some
conventional war elements, but we may see both irregular warfare and terrorist acts predominate,
as well as a continuance of the on-going misinformation campaign by Purple.”
CAPT Clemons, JTF J3, “The National intelligence agencies, COCOMs, INTEL, and planning staffs
are continuing to refine network models for Orange and Purple political, military, social, economic,
infrastructure, and information networks to develop a strategy and consider the full spectrum of
possible actions and possible opponent responses. In addition to conducting aid distribution, we
want to disrupt communication between Purple and irregular forces in Orange; effectiveness will
be greatly reduced if their actions cannot be synchronized. Concurrently, we will work the public
relations side to calm the populace in Orange, while preventing exploitation of the situation by
hostile states or nonstate actors.”
133
Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Tools
Future operational-level M&S tools will have the ability to predict and understand opponent
intentions, based on sparse data derived from military and cultural factors. These tools will extend
down to the execution planning and monitoring level to capture key elements, alert operators to
adverse impacts, and suggest appropriate response actions. Today’s data fusion exploration and
simulation-based training development remains necessary.
Planning and execution tools will provide seamless support for the precise use of kinetic, nonkinetic,
shaping, or cyber actions to influence, deter, or neutralize our opponents. Continued focus on
operations in an EW-denial environment must also remain as an investment area.
Technologies that enable seamless information handling across security levels without the need for
physical separation of people and equipment will provide for faster and more accurate decisions,
ensuring most complete SA.
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
134

Seamless Information Exchange Realized
As reports from the Ground Commander started to come in, CDR Stanley reflected that the
wealth of information available–everything from Radio-Frequency Identification Technology
(RFID) tracking supplies delivered (including real-time status as they crossed the sill of the
delivery ship to arrival ashore) to the health status of the individuals involved (provided by
sensors in their uniforms)–was of such high quality and availability that he hardly ever had to
talk on the radio any more, something that he had never been comfortable with as an ensign.
Growing up in a socially networked world, he was much more comfortable in the data-rich
electronically interactive environment in which he was now immersed. It was inspiring to think
how this one space, the COC, combined all key elements ranging from operation of the ship,
command of the AAG, and the JTF. Formerly, these command elements would have been spread
across many separate enclaves, with many more personnel working to achieve the same results
that were now possible with fewer staff due to the high degree of automation, enhanced knowledge
management, and decision support tools presently available.
The Collaborative Command Environment, combined with FORCEnet, was now an operational reality.
Today’s investments in nanotechnology, including wearable computing and directional antennas, will allow
seamless information exchange in the future force.
Humanitarian Mission Accomplished
CDR Staley received an incoming high-priority message from the INTEL anchor desk. The Purple
forces were backing down in retreat. At the same time, the synthesized computer voice of the
automated threat recognition system began to speak to him, verifying the good news coming in.
Aid delivery to Orange had commenced. He could see the Chief of Staff for the JTF Commander
heading his way, thumbs up and smiling. Moreover, CDR Staley was reminded of what Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Colin Powell had said back in 1990: “Lying offshore, ready to
act, the presence of ships and Marines sometimes means much more than just having air power
or ship’s fire when it comes to deterring a crisis. And the ships and Marines may not have to do
anything but lie offshore.”
135
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
136

Data Strategy
National security depends on collaborative information exchange. Information sharing is and will continue
to be a vital component of United States national security strategy, because it plays a prominent role in
improving decision making by enhancing situational awareness and contributing to actionable intelligence.
Data strategy includes much more than data itself. It involves community agreement, governance,
implementation policy, data modeling, and validation. On the technology side, legacy systems may impede
sharing objectives by inhibiting information sharing or, alternatively, contribute to “information overload.”
Looking to improve this scenario, the Navy is researching potential avenues in both technologies and
policies to create a culture of information sharing and then formalizing the process to increase personnel
effectiveness through dynamic collaboration in accomplishing missions.
Semantic Web: Effective Info Sharing
An important challenge facing the Navy is how to more efficiently use vast amounts of information needed
to support navy missions. The Semantic Web, the evolving next-generation World Wide Web, is part of
the technological solution that enables computers to process machine-readable data more effectively. The
Semantic Web makes data “smarter,” allowing web-based tools to perform search, filtering, and aggregation
processes better. Semantic Web interoperability makes it easier for people to collaborate on data, share
information, and most importantly—drive decision-making processes encapsulated as “services.”
Regarding information flow, most legacy systems are at the level of person-to-machine interaction.
People are often required to find, fuse, and retype key information between systems. Future systems
offer machine-to-person and machine-to-machine capability (refer to “Z” graphic above in the
Information Flow Grid), some of which are available today–system-generated “Alerts” are examples
of machine-to-person interactions, and a fully automated self-defense system represents machine-tomachine interaction. Looking ahead to the Naval Networking Environment (NNE) of 2016, investments
in semantic-enabled technology permit adaptive planning and dynamic collaboration with
information, allowing exchange, understanding, and visualization beyond the simple sharing
we have today. Making the right data visible and available when needed greatly benefits
complex operational missions such as Maritime Domain Awareness, where naval
forces need to improve their ability to collect, fuse, analyze, display, and
disseminate actionable information and intelligence to provide
operational forces with tactical advantage.
UCore: Enhancing Naval Productivity
The 9-11 Commission Report challenged the federal IT community to improve information sharing as a
national security imperative. In response, the Departments of Defense, Justice, Homeland Security, and
the Intelligence Community developed the Universal Core (UCore), a federal standard that improves
information exchange within and across communities by providing an easy-to-use “common starting
point” framework for sharing the most commonly used data concepts (“who,” “what,” “when,” and “where”)
across this broad stakeholder base. This early Semantic Web capability rests upon a federation concept
where data exchanges can be extended and cost-effectively tailored to specific mission areas and lines of
business. UCore will play a major role in enabling users to traverse all the information in their organizations
by time, geography, individual, and key subjects. Combining these powerful search axes opens up endless
productivity enhancements for naval forces. UCore technology recently won the 2009 “Outstanding
Contribution to the Development of Network Centric Operations” award for advancing Network Centric
Operations that sponsored by the Institute for Defense and Government Advancement.
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STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
138

Future Technologies
A number of technologies have been discussed in the preceding paragraphs. These are
recapped below, not as a complete and exhaustive list, but as examples of today’s investments
in strategic technologies that will lead to improvements for the “Navy and Marine Corps After
Next.” Team SPAWAR, MARCORSYSCOM, MCCDC’s Marine Corps Warfighting Lab, and the NRE
are researching the technologies that will, one day, create the battlespace envisioned for 2029:
• Quantum encryption
• “Natural” and “task-focused” human computer interfaces
• Nanotechnology
• Directional antennas
• Unmanned vehicle autonomy
• Application of cryogenics to RF systems
• Data fusion to adapt nonorganic and sparse information
• Spectrally coded markers and probes
• Cross-domain security solutions
• Simulation-based embedded training
• GPS-denial compensation; ability to operate in heavy EW attack multistatic sensors
• Application of network science; human, social, and cultural behavioral modeling and simulation
• Software agent and machine/person, machine/machine data flow automation
• Biological systems study applied to robotics
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STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
140

Summary
The Vision
A
s stated in A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower, “United States seapower
is a force for good, protecting this nation’s vital interests even as it joins with others to
promote security and prosperity across the globe.” Naval networks and related systems
are a critical component of seapower.
In implementing a worldwide networking architecture–crucial to applying a corresponding
worldwide military strategy–Naval C4ISR, IT, and cyber professionals are leading the effort to
connect forces across the national and international defense space: a central tenet of future military
operations. The networks, systems, and the dedicated Sailors and Marines who operate them reflect
the credible combat power of the US and play many unique and recurring roles in securing the maritime
domain. The speed, responsiveness, and forward presence that networks and related systems provide
to our forces result in the ability to deter and mitigate disruptions to the global system, enabling the
execution of national objectives while meeting the challenges of our strategic imperatives.
Team SPAWAR, NETWARCOM, FLTCYBERCOM, and MARCORSYSCOM, in conjunction with OPNAV
and HQ USMC C4 staffs, must also continue to leverage vital business IT investments, strategies, and
efficiencies to reduce costs, harden networks, and ensure alignment of information technology governance
and policy.
US national security, homeland security, and military strategies envision a 21st-century maritime battlespace
dominated by strongly networked sea-air-land forces comprising US, allied, nongovernmental, and coalition
assets. As the key provider of the pervasive C4ISR network needed to make this vision a reality, the consolidated
efforts of Team SPAWAR, working closely with the OPNAV staff, Navy and Marine Corps C4ISR, IT, and
cyber communities remain the single most important enabler of FORCEnet, creating and maintaining these
critical maritime force networks of the future.

SAIC
Arlington, VA
Cisco
San Jose, CA
AIS
L3 Communications
Orlando, FL
Northrop Grumman
San Diego, CA
ATDLS
Data Link Systems
Cedar Rapids, IA
ViaSat, Inc.
Carlsbad, CA
Advanced Programming Concepts
Austin, TX
BAE Systems
Wayne, NJ
Smartronix
CA and MD
Zenetex
Herndon, VA
DJC2
MNH (Increment 1)
L3
Panama City, FL
ARINC
Panama City, FL
CSC
Woodbridge, VA
GTRI
Atlanta, GA
Radiance
Huntsville, AL
General Dynamics
Information Technology
Panama City, FL
ERP
CANES – PRE-AWARD
SAP America, Inc.
Newton Square, PA
CENTRIXS-M
GCCS-M
A GOTS/COTS program under
cognizance of PMW 160 and
OPNAV N2/N6
no contractors identified
CBSP
Harris Government
Communication Systems
Melbourne, FL
CVG, Inc.
Chantilly, VA
COMSATCOM
Harris Corporation
Melbourne, FL
NERA
London, England
CVG, Inc.
Chantilly, VA
CSRR
Lockheed Martin
Eagan, MN
DCGS-N
SAIC
McLean, VA
143
BAE Systems
Rancho Bernardo, CA
L-3 Communications/Titan
Chantilly, VA
Northrop Grumman
Mission Systems
San Diego, CA
X-Feds
San Diego, CA
ISNS
Lockheed Martin
Eagan, MN
L3 Communications
Virginia Beach, VA
SAIC
San Diego, CA
JTRS
Lockheed Martin
Chantilly, VA
Reliable System Services Corp
Melbourne, FL
Harris Corp
Melbourne, FL
MUOS
Lockheed Martin
Sunnyvale, CA
Boeing
El Segundo, CA
General Dynamics
Scottsdale, AZ
NGEN PRE-AWARD
NMCI
EDS
Plano, TX
NMT
Raytheon
Boston, MA
ONE-Net
PEO EIS cognizance. Closely
synced with NETWARCOM
and OPNAV N2/N6
no contractors identified
SCI Networks
SAIC
Arlington, VA
SOA – PRE-AWARD
SUBLAN
MCEN - TBD
SAIC
Sterling, VA
MCEITS
UFO
General Dynamics IT
Fairfax, VA
Hewlett-Packard
Palo Alto, CA
EDS
Plano, TX
Appendices
Appendix A:
Major Contractors
ADNS
Boeing Satellite Systems
Los Angeles, CA
APPENDICES: CONTRACTORS
144

Appendix B:
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AAG
ACB
ACNO
ACS
ADNS
AEHF
AIS
ALE
AOR
APS
ARI
ARPANET
ASN RDA
145
Afloat Action Group
Advanced Capability Build
Assistant Chief of Naval Operations
Afloat Core Services
Automated Digital Network System
Advanced Extremely High Frequency
Automatic Identification System
Automatic Link Establishment
Area of Responsibility
Africa Partnership Station
Active-Reserve Integration
Advanced Research Projects Agency
Network
Assistant Secretary of the Navy,
Research, Development and Acquisition
ASW
ASUW
AUGV
Anti-Submarine Warfare
Anti-Surface Warfare
Autonomous Underwater Gliding
Vehicle
BA
BAMS
BFT
BISOG
BLOS
BMD
Battlespace Awareness
Broad Area Maritime Surveillance
Blue Force Tracker
Blue in Support of Green
Beyond Line of Sight
Ballistic Missile Defense
C2
C2BMC
Command and Control
Command and Control Battle
Management Communications
C2F
C4
Commander US Second Fleet
Command, Control, Communications,
and Computers
C4ISR
Command, Control, Communications,
Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance,
and Reconnaissance
C6F
Commander, US Sixth Fleet
C&A
Certification and Accreditation
CABLE JCTD Communications Airborne Layer
Expansion Joint Capability Test
Demonstration
CAC
Common Access Card
CANES
Consolidated Afloat Networks and
Enterprise Services
CAO
Competency Aligned Organization
CARAT
Cooperative Afloat Readiness and
Training
CARS
Cyber Asset Reduction and Security
CBSP
Commercial Broadband Satellite
Program
CCE
Common Computing Environment
CEC
Cooperative Engagement Capability
CENTRIXS-M Combined Enterprise Regional
Information Exchange System - Maritime
CEO
Chief Executive Officer
CEXC
Combined Explosives Exploitation Cell
APPENDICES: ACRONYMS
146

CFO
CG
CIO
CJTF
CLO
CMS/ID
CND
CNO
Chief Financial Officer
Hull designation for US Navy guided
missile cruiser
Chief Information Officer or Command
Information Office
Commander, Joint Task Force
Cryptologic Log on
Career Management System Interactive
Detailing
Computer Network Defense
Chief of Naval Operations or Computer
Network Operations
DIACAP
DMR
DNI
DoD
DoN
DRU
Defense Information Assurance
Certification and Accreditation Program
Defense Intelligence Systems Agency
Defense Information Services Network
Defense Information Standards Registry
Deployable Joint
Deployable Joint Command and Control
Distributed Common Ground Station Navy
Digital Modular Radio
Director of Naval Intelligence
Department of Defense
Department of the Navy
Digital Receiver Unit
EA
EHF
EKMS
EMP
EMUT
eNET
EO
Early Adopters or Executive Agency
Extremely High Frequency
Electronic Key Management System
Electromagnetic Pulse
Enhanced Manpack UHF Terminal
Expeditionary Network
Electro-Optical
DISA
DISN
DISR
DJ
DJC2
DJCS-N
GPS
Global Positioning System
JFMCC
HA/DR
Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster
Response
Host Based Security System
Humanitarian Civil Assistance
High Data Rate
High Frequency Internet Protocol
Hull, Mechanical and Electrical
Horn of Africa
High Frequency Shipboard Automatic
Link Establishment Radio
Headquarters Marine Corps
JIIM
HBSS
HCA
HDR
HFIP
HM&E
HOA
HSFAR
HQMC
IA
IBR
IED
IM
INFOCON
INMARSAT
INTEL
IO
IOC
IOT&E
IP
IPT
IR
IS
ISNS
ISR
Information Assurance or Individual
Augmentee
Intelligence Broadcast Receiver
Improvised Explosive Device
Information Management
Information Operations Condition
International Marine/Maritime Satellite
Intelligence
Information Operations
Initial Operational Capability
Initial Operational Test and Evaluation
Internet Protocol or Information
Professional
Integrated Product Team
Infrared
Intelligence Specialist
Integrated Shipboard Network System
Intelligence, Surveillance, and
Reconnaissance
JMAST
JPEO
JSF
JTF
JTRS
JTT
JWICS
Joint Force Maritime Component
Commander
Joint, Interagency, Intergovernmental,
and Multinational
Joint Mobile Ashore Support Terminal
Joint Program Executive Office
Joint Strike Fighter (aircraft)
Joint Task Force
Joint Tactical Radio System
Joint Tactical Terminal
Joint Worldwide Intelligence
Communications System
KMI
Key Management Infrastructure
LAN
LAV
LCS
Local Area Network
Light Armored Vehicle
Hull designation for US Navy Littoral
Combat Ship
Low Data Rate
Hull designation for US Navy general
purpose amphibious assault ship
Hull designation for US Navy amphibious
transport dock ship
Legacy Network Consolidation
Line Of Sight
Lean Six Sigma (process improvement
methodology)
Rank designation: Lieutenant
Commander (internationally common)
LDR
LHA
LHD
LNC
LOS
LSS
Lt. Cdr.
MAGTF
Marine Air Ground Task Force
MARCORSYSCOM Marine Corps Systems Command
MAST
Mobile Ashore Support Terminal
MCCDC
Marine Corps Combat Development
Command
Marine Corps Enterprise Information
Technology Services
MCEN
Marine Corps Enterprise Network
MCM
Hull designation for US Navy Mine
Countermeasures Ship
MCNOSC
Marine Corps Network Operations and
Security Command
MDA
Maritime Domain Awareness
MDR
Medium Data Rate
MEU
Marine Expeditionary Unit
METOC
Meteorological and Oceanographic
MHQ
Maritime Headquarters
MILSATCOM Military Satellite Communications
MNH
Mobile Networking Highband
MOC
Maritime Operations Center
MOCC
Mobile Operations Control Center
MRAP
Mine Resistant Ambush Protected
M&S
Modeling and Simulation
MSC
Military Sealift Command
MUOS
Mobile User Objective System
MCEITS
COC
COCOM
COI
COMSEC
CONUS
COO
COP
COTS
CP
CPI
CSC
CSD
CSG
CSRR
CT
CTF
CTT
CVN
CWC
CWSP
DDEF
DDG
DFI
147
Combined Operations Center
Combatant Commander
Communities of Interest
Computer Security
Continental United States
Chief Operating Officer
Common Operational Picture
Commercial, Off-The-Shelf
Continuing Promise
Continuous Process Improvement
Customer Support Center
Communications at Speed and Depth
Carrier Strike Group
Common Submarine Radio Room
Cryptologic Technician (Navy
occupational rating)
Combined Task Force
Commanders Tactical Terminal
Hull designation for US Navy nuclearpowered aircraft carrier
Composite Warfare Commander
Commercial Wideband Satellite
Communication Program
Defense Daily Expenditure File
Hull designation for US Navy guided
missile destroyer
Director of Fleet Intelligence
ERP
Enterprise Resource Planning
F/A-18
“Hornet” fixed-wing strike fighter
aircraft
FAR
Fused Augmented Reality
FLTCYBERCOM Fleet Cyber Command/10th Fleet
FMS
Foreign Military Sales
FNOC
Fleet Network Operating Centers
FoS
Family of Systems
FOT
Follow-On Terminal
FRE
Fleet Readiness Enterprise
FSET
Fleet Systems Engineering Team
FY
Fiscal Year
FYDP
Future Year Defense Plan
GBOSS
GBS
GCCS-M
GENSER
GIG
GNO
GPNTS
Ground Based Operational Surveillance
System
Global Broadcast Service
Global Command and Control SystemMaritime
General Service
Global Information Grid
Global Network Operations
Global Positioning System-Based
Position, Navigation and Timing Service
ISR&T
IT
ITMC
ITRR
IW
IWO
IWS
JCA
JESTR
JFC
Intelligence, Surveillance,
Reconnaissance, and Targeting
Information Technology or Navy
occupational rating: Information System
Technician
Information Technology Management
Council
Information Technology Readiness
Review
Information Warfare
Information Warfare Officer
Integrated Warfare System
Joint Capability Area
Joint Expeditionary SIGINT Terminal
Response Unit
Joint Force Commander
NASA
NAVAIR
NAVCIRT
NAVGNOSC
NAVSEA
NAVSO
NAVSOC
NAVSUP
NCC
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
Naval Air Systems Command
Navy Computer Incident Response Team
Naval Global NOSC
Naval Sea Systems Command
US Naval Forces Southern Command
Naval Satellite Operations Center
Naval Supply Systems Command
Navy Component Commander
APPENDICES: ACRONYMS
148

NCDOC
Navy Cyber Defense Operations
Command
NCMS
Naval COMSEC Material System
NCO
Network-Centric Operations
NCSIPT
Network Consolidation Study Integrated
Product Team
NCTAMS
Naval Computer and
Telecommunications Area Master
Station
NCTS
Naval Computer and
Telecommunications Station
NCW
Network-Centric Warfare
NECC
Net-Enabled Command Capability
NEN
Navy’s Enterprise Networks
NetOps
Network Operations
NETWARCOM Naval Network Warfare Command
NGEN
Next Generation Network
NGO
Nongovernment Organization
NIIN
Naval Integrated Information Networks
NIOC
Navy Information Operations Center
NIPRNet
Nonsecure Internet Protocol Router
Network
NKO
Navy Knowledge Online
NMCI
Navy and Marine Corps Intranet
NMT
Navy Multiband Terminal
NNE
Naval Networking Environment
NOSC
Network Operations and Security Center
NRL
Naval Research Laboratory
NSIPS
Navy Standard Integrated Personnel
System
NSW
Naval Special Warfare
NTN
Naval Tactical Networking
NTRM
Navy Technical Reference Model
OA
OBCI
Open Architecture
Ocean Bottom Characterization
Initiative
OCONUS
Outside Continental United States
ODAA
Operational Designated Approving
Authority
OEF
Operation Enduring Freedom
OGA
Other Government Agencies
OIF
Operation Iraqi Freedom
ONE-Net
Outside Continental United States Navy
Enterprise Network
ONR
Office of Naval Research
OPC
Operations Planning Center
OPNAV
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
OPNAV DCNO Deputy Chief of Naval Operations
OPNAV N1 Manpower, Personnel, Training and
Education (Office of the CNO)
OPNAV N2/N6 Intelligence and Communication
Networks Directorate (Office of the
CNO)
OPS
Operations
OSA
Open System Architecture
OSD
Office of the Secretary of Defense
P-3
PC
PC-MSS
PED
PEO
Designation for US Navy Long-Range
ASW aircraft
Hull designation for US Navy Coastal
Patrol ship or Personal Communications
Personal Communications –
Mobile Satellite Services
Processing, Exploitation, and
Dissemination
Program Executive Office
PEO C4I
POM
POR
PP
Program Executive Office – Command,
Control, Communications, Computers,
and Intelligence
Program Executive Office –
Enterprise Information Systems
Public Key Infrastructure
Program Manager, Warfare –
Battlespace Awareness and Information
Operations
Program Manager, Warfare – Command
and Control
Program Manager, Warfare –
Tactical Networks
Program Manager, Warfare –
Communications
Program Objective Memorandum
Program of Record
Pacific Partnership
QoL
QoS
Quality of Life
Quality of Service
R & D
RADAR
RADM
RDA
RDC
RF
ROW
RTD&E
Research and Development
Radio Detection and Ranging
Rear Admiral (upper half )
Research, Development, and Acquisition
Rapid Deployment Capability
Radio Frequency
Range of Warfare
Research, Development, Test, and
Evaluation
SA
S & T
SATCOM
SBU
SCCVI
Situational Awareness
Science and Technology
Satellite Communication
Sensitive But Unclassified
Secure Configuration Compliance
Validation Initiative
Strategic Deterrence
Source Data Automation
Software-Defined Radio
Sea, Air, and Land (refers to Navy Special
Warfare personnel)
Secretary of the Navy
Selected Reserve
Space and Electronic Warfare
Signals Intelligence
Single Channel Ground - Air Radio
System
Secret Internet Protocol Router Network
SubNet Relay
Service-Oriented Architecture
Special Operations Forces
Space and Naval Warfare Systems
Command
System Program Office
PEO EIS PKI
PMW 120
PMW 150
PMW 160
PMW 170
SD
SDA
SDR
SEAL
SECNAV
SELRES
SEW
SIGINT
SINGARS
SIPRNet
SNR
SOA
SOF
SPAWAR
SPO
149
SSBN
SSC
SSFA
SSG
SSGN
SSN
STRATCOM
SubLAN
SWAN
SYSCOM
3G
TacMobile
T-AH
T-AKE
TBMCS
TCS
TDL
TECOM
TF
TLAM
TS
TS-SCI
TSC
TYCOM
Hull designation for US Navy Fleet
Ballistic Missile Submarine
SPAWAR Systems Center
SPAWAR Space Field Activity
Strategic Studies Group
Hull designation for US Navy Guided
Missile Submarine
Hull designation for US Navy Attack
Submarine
US Strategic Command
Submarine Local Area Network
Shipboard Wide Area Network
Systems Command
Third Generation
Tactical/Mobile
Hull designation for MSC auxiliary
hospital ship
Hull designation for MSC auxiliary cargo
(K) and ammunition (E) ship
Theater Battle Management Core Systems
Tactical Cryptologic Support
Tactical Data Link
Training and Educational Command
Task Force
Tomahawk Land Attack Missile
Top Secret
Top Secret-Sensitive Compartmented
Information
Tactical Support Center
Type Commander
UAS
Unmanned Aircraft System
UAV
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
UCAV
Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle
UFO
UHF Follow-on (satellite)
UHF
Ultra High Frequency
USCG
United States Coast Guard
USCYBERCOM United States Cyber Command
USDC
Unmanned Systems Direction Cell
USMC
United States Marine Corps
USFFC
United States Fleet Forces Command
VAW
VBSS
VHF
VOI
VoIP VTC
US Navy aircraft squadron designation:
Airborne Early Warning
Visit, Board, Search, and Seizure
Very High Frequency
Vessel of Interest
Voice over IP
Video Teleconference
WAN
WGS
WY
Wide Area Network
Wideband Global SATCOM
Work Year
APPENDICES: ACRONYMS
150

Appendix C:
Glossary
Combatant Command: A unified or specified command with a broad continuing mission under a single
commander established and so designated by the President, through SECDEF and with the advice and
assistance of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Combatant commands typically have geographic or
functional responsibilities.
Amphibious Force: An amphibious task force and a landing force together with other forces that train,
organize, and equip for amphibious operations.
Artificial Intelligence: The intelligence of machines and the branch of computer science which aims to create
it. Major AI textbooks define the field as “the study and design of intelligent agents,” where an intelligent
agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize chances of success. John
McCarthy, who coined the term in 1956, defines it as “the science and engineering of making intelligent
machines.”
Authoritative Data Source: Distinct pieces of information representing facts, concepts, or instructions
formalized for communication, interpretation, or processing by humans or by automatic means.
Battlespace Awareness: The ability to understand dispositions and intentions, as well as the
characteristics and conditions of the operational environment that bear on national and
military decision-making.
Blue in Support of Green: Describes Navy (blue) support to the Marine
Corps (green) or other embarked amphibious forces.
C4I: Command, Control, Communication, Computers,
and Intelligence.
Command and Control: Also called C2. Exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated
commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. Commanders perform
C2 functions through an arrangement of personnel, equipment, communications, facilities, and procedures
in planning, directing, coordinating, and controlling forces and operations in mission accomplishment.
Common Computing Environment: Naval work in progress to develop interoperability standards among highperformance computing components. The driving force is the need for faster connections among components
and the need to address scalable performance issues on parallel with distributed architectures.
Computer Network Attack: Actions taken with computer networks to disrupt, deny, degrade, or
destroy information resident in computers/computer networks, or the computers/computer networks
themselves.
Computer Network Defense: Actions taken to protect, monitor, analyze, detect, and respond to unauthorized
activity within DoD information systems and computer networks.
Computer Security: Protection resulting from all measures to deny unauthorized access and exploitation
of friendly computer systems.
Cryogenics: The study of the production of very low temperature (below –150 °C, –238 °F or 123 K), generally
using liquefied gases such as nitrogen and helium, and the behavior of materials at those temperatures. Of
particular interest is application of cryogenics to benefit radio frequency device superconductivity.
Critical Infrastructure Protection: Actions taken to prevent, remediate, or mitigate risks resulting from
critical infrastructure asset vulnerabilities.
Crypto security: The component of communications security that results from the provision of technically
sound cryptosystems and their proper use.
Cross-Functional Team: A team whose membership includes those from more than one organizational
function who have responsibility for some portion of an identified process.
Cyberspace: A global domain within the information environment consisting of interdependent
network of IT infrastructures, including the internet, telecommunications networks, computer
systems, and embedded processors and controllers.
Cyberspace Operations: The employment of cyber capabilities where the primary purpose is to
achieve military objectives or effects in or through cyberspace. Such operations include Computer
Network Operations and activities to operate and defend the Global Information Grid.
Data Interoperability: The ability to exchange and use data elements and values in any form between
two or more systems or components (applications, segments, interfaces, etc.) in order for them to
operate effectively and efficiently together.
151
APPENDICES: GLOSSARY
152

Data Standard: Comprises a common element and language that enables processes and their supporting
information systems to integrate across and within functions, improving the quality and productivity of
enterprise performance.
Information Assurance: Measures that protect and defend information/information systems by ensuring their
availability, integrity, authentication, confidentiality, and nonrepudiation. Includes providing for restoration
of information systems by incorporating protection, detection, and reaction capabilities.
Data Strategy/Semantic Web: Next-generation data sharing that involves community agreement, governance,
implementation policy, data modeling, and validation. Semantic Web, the evolving next-generation World
Wide Web, is part of the technological solution that enables computers to process machine-readable data more
effectively. The Semantic Web makes data “smarter,” allowing web-based tools to perform search, filtering, and
aggregation processes better. Semantic Web interoperability makes it easier for people to collaborate on data,
share information, and most importantly—drive decision-making processes encapsulated as “services.”
Information Operations: Integrated employment of core capabilities of electronic warfare, computer network
operations, psychological operations, military deception, and operations security in concert with specified
supporting and related capabilities to influence, disrupt, corrupt, or usurp adversarial human and automated
decision making while protecting our own.
Database: A collection of interrelated data, often with controlled redundancy, organized according to a
schema to serve one or more applications.
Decision Superiority: Ability to take advantage of superior information, convert it to superior knowledge, and make
better decisions arrived at and implemented faster than an opponent can react; in a noncombat environment, at
a tempo that allows the commander to shape the situation, react to change, and accomplish the mission.
Disaster Relief: Prompt aid to alleviate the suffering of disaster victims. Normally it includes humanitarian
services and transportation; the provision of food, clothing, medicine, beds, and bedding; temporary shelter
and housing; the furnishing of medical materiel and medical and technical personnel; and making repairs
to essential services.
Enterprise: An organization considered as a whole entity or system designed to foster collaboration and
tighten cross-organizational linkages necessary to deliver warfighting readiness and capability effectively
and efficiently.
Fleet Cyber Command (FLTCYBERCOM)/10th Fleet: The Navy Component to USCYBERCOM. FLTCYBERCOM’s
mission will be to serve as central operational authority for networks, intelligence, cryptology/SIGINT, IO,
cyber, electronic warfare (EW), and space in support of naval forces afloat and ashore.
FORCEnet: The Navy and Marine Corps portion of the GIG and the initiative underway to implement network
integration and robust information sharing with the goal to link all weapons, platforms, sensor systems,
and C2 centers across multiple domains to achieve Net-Centric Warfare (NCW) and joint transformation
across the naval force.
Free-Form Force: A radically new approach to future maritime forces operating in an uncertain, increasingly
complex environment. More US maritime forces will be forward deployed for longer periods of time, in areas
where they have not traditionally operated, gaining a deeper understanding of regional events. Equipped
with a broader range of capabilities, the forces can be properly scaled to match with partners or defeat
adversaries, capture the tempo, and influence the environment before a crisis develops.
Global Command and Control System: A deployable command and control system with compatible,
interoperable, and integrated communications systems that support forces in joint and multinational
operations across the range of military operations. Also called GCCS.
Global Information Grid: A single secure network grid providing seamless end-to-end capabilities to all
warfighting, national security, and support users.
Humanitarian Assistance: Programs to relieve or reduce the results of natural or man-made disasters or
other endemic conditions.
153
Information Superiority: The capability to collect, process, and disseminate an uninterrupted flow of
information while exploiting or denying an adversary’s ability to do the same. Information superiority is
achieved in a noncombat situation or one in which there are no clearly defined adversaries when friendly
forces have the information necessary to accomplish operational objectives. It is that degree of dominance
in the info domain that allows friendly forces the ability to collect, control, exploit, and defend info without
effective opposition.
Information System: The entire infrastructure, organization, personnel, software, and components that
collect, process, store, transmit, display, disseminate, and act on information.
Information Technology: Any equipment or interconnected system that is used in the automatic acquisition,
storage, manipulation, management, movement, control, display, switching, interchange, transmission, or
reception of data or information. Includes National Security Systems, computers, ancillary equipment,
software, firmware, and similar services.
Information Warfare: Offensive and defensive use of information and information systems to exploit, corrupt,
or destroy an adversary’s information and information systems while protecting one’s own.
Kinetic Means: Ability to create effects that rely on explosives or physical momentum (i.e., of, relating to,
or produced by motion).
Intelligent Agent: In artificial intelligence, an intelligent agent (IA) is an autonomous entity, which observes
and acts upon an environment (i.e., it is an agent) and directs its activity towards achieving goals (i.e., it
is rational). IAs may also learn or use knowledge to achieve their goals. They may be very simple or very
complex: a reflex machine such as a thermostat is an intelligent agent, as is a human being, as is a community
of human beings working together towards a goal.
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance: Ability to conduct activities to meet the intelligence needs
of national and military decision-makers.
Legacy Applications: Software programs written to perform a function using input data elements (database)
and producing output data elements (product). Software programs (applications) can reside in any one or
all of the following: a mainframe computer, a server, and a desktop computer.
Logistics: Ability to project and sustain a logistically ready joint force through the deliberate sharing of
national and multinational resources to effectively support operations, extend operational reach, and provide
the joint force commander the freedom of action necessary to meet mission objectives.
Marine Corps C4: Director C4/Marine Corps CIO is responsible for planning, directing, coordinating, and
overseeing C4 and IT capabilities that support the warfighting functions. The Department influences the
combat development process by establishing policy and standards for developing the enterprise architecture.
The intent is to achieve joint and combined interoperability.
APPENDICES: GLOSSARY
154

Maritime Domain Awareness: The effective understanding of anything associated with the global maritime
domain that could affect the security, safety, economy, or environment of the US. MDA is a key component
of an active, layered maritime defense in depth. It will be achieved by improving our ability to collect, fuse,
analyze, display, and disseminate actionable information and intelligence to operational commanders.
Metadata: Information describing the characteristics of data; data or information about data; and descriptive
information about an organization’s data, data activities, systems, and holdings.
Modeling and Simulation: The M&S community provides simulation systems to improve operational
decision-making, assessment, experimentation, training, and acquisition. M&S systems are designed to test
a robust, responsive, and constantly present capability in order to visualize alternatives, predict outcomes,
and provide improved course-of-action assessments for decision makers.
Readiness: The ability of forces, units, weapon systems, and/or equipment to deliver the outputs for which
they were designed, including the ability to deploy and employ without unacceptable delays.
Sensor: Any device that measures a physical quantity and converts it into a signal that can be read by an
observer or by an instrument. Sensors are employed throughout the military (RADAR, SONAR, METOC,
video cameras, etc) for security, Battlespace Awareness, and C2 applications.
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA): Software architecture where functionality is grouped around
business processes and packaged as interoperable, adaptable services. SOA revolves around the concept
of breaking larger software programs (decoupling) into smaller, reusable functional components with
common, well-defined interface standards that increase data availability for sharing, scalability, and reuse
(enterprise environments).
Nanotechnology: The study of the control of matter on an atomic and molecular scale, generally dealing
with structures the size 100 nanometers or smaller (smaller than a human hair). Experimentation in
nanotechnology has the potential to create new materials and devices with wide-ranging applications in
military operations, medicine, electronics, and energy production.
Naval Network Warfare Command (NETWARCOM): Executes network and space operations that complement
the DoD and Navy cyber effort at large. Will realign under FLTCYBERCOM by end of 2009. NETWARCOM’s
“man, train, and equip” TYCOM duties will be redistributed to the Commander, FFC staff. Community
management responsibilities transfer to OPNAV N2/6 Directorate.
Network-Centric Warfare, now commonly called Network-Centric Operations: A military doctrine or theory
of war pioneered by the DoD. It seeks to translate an information advantage, enabled in part by IT, into a
competitive warfighting advantage through the robust networking of well-informed geographically dispersed
forces. This networking, combined with changes in technology, organization, processes, and people, allows
new forms of organizational behavior.
Network Operations: Activities conducted to operate and defend the Global Information Grid. Also called NetOps.
Node: A location in a mobility system where a movement requirement is originated, processed for onward
movement, or terminated. In communications and computer systems, the physical location that provides
terminating, switching, and gateway access services to support information exchange.
Stovepipe: Legacy or stand-alone computing system limited in focus and functionality that cannot
interoperate or refactor with other systems or networks.
Teleportation: The transfer of matter from one point to another, more or less instantaneously, through
technological artifice. Teleportation has been widely utilized in works of science fiction.
Nonkinetic Means: The ability to create effects that do not rely on explosives or physical momentum. (e.g.,
directed energy, computer viruses/hacking, chemical, and biological weapons).
Universal Core: A federal standard that improves information exchange within and across communities by
providing an easy-to-use “common starting point” framework for sharing the most commonly used data
concepts (“who,” “what,” “when,” and “where”) across a broad stakeholder base.
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OPNAV N2/N6) Intelligence and Communication Networks Directorate:
A new, reorganized directorate that will plan, resource, and assess Navy network, C4I communications, and
intelligence investments for information communities and the broader Navy information enterprise.
United States Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM): Newly established unified COCOM to protect military
networks and conduct a range of offensive cyber warfare capabilities. While mission and roles are still to be
fully determined, USCYBERCOM is expected to reach IOC by October 2009 and FOC by October 2010.
Overseas Contingency Operations: Term describing kinetic and nonkinetic OCONUS military operations.
Watch Station: The operational organization aboard a ship designed to conduct and coordinate around-theclock operations of a naval vessel.
Program Executive Office (PEO) C4I: Acquires, fields, and supports C4I systems that extend across Navy,
joint, and coalition platforms. This includes managing acquisition programs and projects that cover all C4I
disciplines: applications, networks, communications, ISR systems for afloat platforms and shore commands
to enable decision superiority and ensure the mission success of our naval forces.
155
Standardization: The process by which the DoD achieves the closest practicable cooperation among
the services and defense agencies for the most efficient use of research, development, and production
resources, and agrees to adopt on the broadest possible basis the use of common or compatible operational,
administrative, and logistic procedures using common or compatible technical procedures and criteria.
APPENDICES: GLOSSARY
156

Appendix D:
Image Credits
157
Cover
Photo illustration by Dave Bradford, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
Inside Front Cover
US Air Force photo by Tech Sergeant Jeremy T. Lock
Opening Letter
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class James R. Evans
Table of Contents
US Air Force photo by Tech Sergeant Jeremy T. Lock
1-2
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kirk Worley
3-4
US Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate Airman Christine Singh
5-6
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Jason R. Zalasky
7-8
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Joseph Seavey
9-10
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Robert Keilman
11-12
US Marine Corps photo by Sergeant Dean Davis
13-14
US Army photo by Specialist David J. Marshall
15-16
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd class Daniel A. Barker
17-18
US Marine Corps photo by Corporal Pete Thibodeau
19-20
US Army photo by Sergeant Prentice C. Martin-Bowen
21-22
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class David Didier
23-24
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kimberly Clifford
25-26
US Navy photo by Mass Communication 1st Class Tiffini M. Jones
27-28
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Eric L. Beauregard
29-30
Photo Illustration by Dave Bradford, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
31-32
Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Photo Illustration by Dave Bradford
33-34
Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Photo Illustration by Dave Bradford
35-36
US Navy photo by Rick Naystatt, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
37-38
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Corey Lewis
39-40
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Walter M. Wayman
41-42
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Daisy Abonza
43-44
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Brian Hudson
45-46
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Ron Reeves
47-48
US Navy photo
49-50
US Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 2nd Class Greg Roberts
51-52
Photo courtesy of Dennis Griggs–General Dynamics
53-54
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Jhoan Montolio
55-56
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Chad R. Erdmann
57-58
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Walter M. Wayman
59-60
Photo courtesy of EDS
61-62
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Apprentice Oliver Cole
63-64
US Navy photo by Lieutenant Scott Miller
65-66
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class James Seward
67-68
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class James R. Evans
69-70
US Navy photo by Lieutenant Doug Morea
71-72
US Air Force photo by Staff Sergeant Hector Garcia
73-74
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class James R. Evans
75-76
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Kathleen A. Gorby
77-78
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class John W. Ciccarelli, Jr.
79-80
US Marine Corps photo by Corporal Alex C. Guerra. Photo illustration by Dave Bradford
81-82
US Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 1st Class Bart Bauer
83-84
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Joseph M. Buliavac
85-86
US Army photo by Staff Sergeant Isaac B. Scruggs
87-88
US Marine Corps photo by Corporal Patrick M. Johnson-Campbell
89-90
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Heidi McCormick
91-92
US Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 2nd Class Michael Sandberg
93-94
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Jennifer S. Kimball
95-96
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Michelle L. Kapica
97-98
US Air Force photo by Jim Shryne
99-100
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Heidi J. Giacalone
101-102 US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Demetrius Kennon
103-104
US Navy photo by Rick Naystatt, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
105-106
US Marine Corps photo by Corporal William J. Faffler
107-108
US Navy photo by Chief Journalist James G. Pinsky
109-110
US Navy photo by Journalist 3rd Class Jesus Uranga
111-112
US Navy photo
113-114
US Navy photo by Rick Naystatt, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
115-116
US Navy photo by Rick Naystatt, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
117-118
US Navy photo by Rick Naystatt, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
119-120
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Kristopher Wilson
121-122
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Corey Lewis
123-124
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Tiffini M. Jones
125-126
US Marine Corps photo by Corporal Dean Davis
127-128
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Elliott Fabrizio
129-130
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Jon Husman
131-132 Image courtesy of NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Photo Illustration by Dave Bradford
133-134 US Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 3rd Class Aaron Burden
135-136 Image collage: 135 - US Marine Corps photo by Sergeant Andres Alcaraz
136 - US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Brian A. Goyak
137-138 US Navy photo by Journalist 3rd Class Marc Rockwell-Pate
139-140
US Navy photo by Rick Naystatt, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
141-142 US Navy photo by Gary Nichols
143-144 US Navy photo by Engineman 1st Class Matthew Bodenner
145-146 US Marine Corps photo by Lance Corporal Gregory Seufert
147-148 US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Tiffini M. Jones
149-150 US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Jonathan Snyder
151-152
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Joseph M. Buliavac
153-154 US Marine Corps by Corporal Scott McAdam
155-156
US Marine Corps photo by Sergeant G.P. Ingersoll
157-158 US Navy photo by Senior Chief Mass Communication Specialist Kevin S. Farmer
159-160 US Marine Corps photo by Sergeant Jason W. Fudge
161-162 US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Chad J. McNeeley
InsideBack Cover
US Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Denny Cantrell
APPENDICES: IMAGE CREDITS
158
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Appendix E:
Links
Program Executive Office for Enterprise Information Systems (PEO EIS)
http://enterprise.spawar.navy.mil/body.cfm?type=c&category=28&subcat=62
ONENET
http://www.nctsfe.navy.mil/ONE-NET.htm
ROLES AND CURRENT THREATS
Naval Networking Environment: ~2016: Capstone Roadmap Summary Book v. 1.0
[Currently in draft form]
Global Trends 2025: A Transformed World
http://www.dni.gov/nic/NIC_2025_project.html
DON Naval Networking Environment (NNE) ~2016 Strategic Definition, Scope, and Strategy
http://www.doncio.navy.mil/Policyview.aspx?ID=659
Quadrennial Defense Review (2006 version; new release in 2010)
http://www.defenselink.mil/qdr/report/Report20060203.pdf
National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness
http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/HSPD_MDAPlan.pdf
Capstone Concept for Joint Operations
www.jfcom.mil/newslink/storyarchive/2009/CCJO_2009.pdf
CYBER WARFARE
Joint Operating Environment
www.jfcom.mil/newslink/storyarchive/2008/JOE2008.pdf
National Cyberspace Strategy
[Currently in draft form]
A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower
http://www.navy.mil/maritime/MaritimeStrategy.pdf
Computer Network Defense Roadmap:
http://www.doncio.navy.mil/Products.aspx?ID=1023
CURRENT CAPABILITY
Navy Program Guide 2009
http://www.cffc.navy.mil/Navy%20Program%20Guide%202009.pdf
SPAWAR SSC PAC Blog: Corporate Strategy Group
http://blog.spawar.navy.mil/dsg/
USMC Concepts and Programs:
http://www.marines.mil/units/hqmc/pandr/Pages/candp.aspx
National Defense Strategy
http://www.defenselink.mil/news/2008%20national%20defense%20strategy.pdf
National Security and Nuclear Weapons in the 21st Century
http://www.defenselink.mil/news/nuclearweaponspolicy.pdf
TOTAL WORKFORCE
DoN Human Capital Strategy: Building and Managing the Total Naval Force
http://www.donhcs.com/
Office of the Chief of Naval Operations
http://www.navy.mil/navydata/organization/org-cno.asp
STRATEGIC TECHNOLOGY
Naval Science and Technology Strategic Plan:
http://www.onr.navy.mil/about/docs/0904_naval_st_strategy.pdf
USMC Science and Technology Strategic Plan:
http://www.onr.navy.mil/about/docs/2007-marine-corps-strategic-plan.pdf
PEO Command, Control, Computers, Communications, and Intelligence (PEO C4I)
http://enterprise.spawar.navy.mil/body.cfm?type=c&category=38&subcat=180
Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS)
http://jpeojtrs.mil
FUTURE CAPABILITY
UAV Roadmap
http://www.jointrobotics.com/documents/library/UMS%20Integrated%20Roadmap%202009.pdf
PEO C4I Master Plan (CAC enabled)
https://nserc.navy.mil/peo_c4i/se2/dpeo/dpeotechdir/Lists/Announcements/DispForm.aspx?ID=2&Soure=
https%3A%2F%2Fnserc%2Enavy%2Emil%2Fpeo%5Fc4i%2Fse2%2Fdpeo%2Fdpeotechdir%2Fdefault%2Easpx
USMC C4 Campaign Plan (CAC enabled)
https://hqdod.hqmc.usmc.mil/MarineBooklet8Spreads.pdf
USMC Integrated Communications Strategy (v.2.5) (CAC enabled)
https://hqdod.hqmc.usmc.mil/ICS/index.htm
159
APPENDICES: LINKS
160

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Project Sponsor
RADM Michael C. Bachmann,
Commander,
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command
Project Director
Craig Madsen, SPAWAR HQ
Head Writer /Researcher/ Managing Editor
Mimi Kotner, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
Project Manager
Suzy Lang, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
Designer / Researcher / Writer
Rick Naystatt, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
Layout and Design
Dave Bradford and Ken Collins, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
Production Manager
Michael Pekonen, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc.
Coordination
Lily Aragon, Kros-Wise Consulting
Project Leads
Dave Summer, NETWARCOM
Roger Boss, SSC PAC
Tom Sweet, Iocentric Solutions
RDML Michael Browne, USN
Scott Truver, PhD, Gryphon Technologies
Gary Burnette, SSC PAC
Delores Washburn, PMW 160
Barbette Lowndes, SPAWAR HQ
Ruth Youngs-Lew, PEO C4I
Paul Shaw, SPAWAR HQ
Lee Zimmerman, SSC PAC
Ron Stites, NETWARCOM
Charlie Suggs, PEO C4I
161
Special Acknowledgements
Many thanks to all those throughout the Naval IT, C4ISR, Space, and Enterprise support
communities who contributed to the success of this document. Particular thanks and gratitude
go out to:
Jerry Almazan; CDR Kevin Barrett, USN; Rachel Bates; Ted Berger; George Bieber; Robert
Bradley; Sarah Burnett; RDML Jerry Burroughs (sel), USN; CAPT Donna Cherry, USN; James
Churchill; ADM Vern Clark, USN (ret.); David Crotty; Michael Davis; Steve Davis; Sheila Divelbiss; Stanley
Douglass; Doris Eiswald; Al Emondi; Jim Fallin; Stephani Fohring; Theodore Follas; LCDR Doug Gabos,
USN; Raymond Gajan; Jacqueline Goff; Deborah Gonzales; Capt Chris Granger, USMC; Dan Green; CDR
Scott Heller, USN; Rhonda Hoeckley; Joan Holland; Andrea Houck; Terry Howell; Michael Hutter; Jeff T.
Jones; Robert Kamensky; Sarah Lamade; Jeffrey Lauff; Maryann Lawlor; Christine Lawson, OMNITEC
Solutions, Inc; LT Miguel Macias, USN; Maj David Manka, USMC; Diego Martinez; Anthony Mattaliano;
Michael McBeth; Kevin Mcgee; Keven Nelson; CAPT Lourdes Neilan, USN; Jere Norman; Kent Pelot; John
Pierce, OMNITEC Solutions, Inc; Robert Poor; LT Merzon Quiazon, USN; John Quintana; Paul Shaw;
Terry Simpson; Stacey Skinner; Terri Smith; Wendy Smidt; Skip Thaeler; VADM Jerry Tuttle, USN (ret.);
Elizabeth Updegrove; CAPT Bruce Urbon, USN; M. Gail Workman.
Special thanks to the Strategic Planning and Communications Team from OMNITEC Solutions, Inc. for
their expertise in writing, editing, and designing this document.
Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited.
Google Earth™ Mapping Services is a trademark of Google, Inc.
APPENDICES: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
162

To view and/or download an electronic version of this
document, please visit the SPAWAR public website at
www.spawar.navy.mil and click on this cover image: