Spanish American War

A
B
SANITIAGO DE CUBA
AND VICINITY, 1898
C
Garcia
(Cuban)
LAWTON
1
Santiago de Cuba
SCALE OF MILES
HISTORY DEPARTMENT
USMA
Frank Martini
BA
KETTLE HILL
1 July
Socapa
SHAFTER
Siboney
Punta Jutici
Battle Site
U.S. on 1 July
The landings in Cuba were not opposed, and after some hesitation
Shafter decided to take Santiago. A skirmish as Las Guasimas
caused the Americans to underrate their foe and consequently, on 1
July 1898., Shafter’s Corps launched bloody frontal assaults against
strong Spanish fortifications at El Caney and San Juan Hill. Small
unit leadership, the bravery of the American soldier, and a
significant numerical advantage secured these objectives, leaving
the Spanish in an untenable position in Santiago.
CARIBBEAN SEA
B
C
D
A
B
THE WORLD, 1898-1902
2
2
SHAFTER
arrives from
Tampa, 22 June
SAMPSON
arrives from San Juan
via Key West, 1 June
D
SCHILEY
1
Spanish Fort
SAMPSON
3 July
CERVERA
arrives from
Cape Verde via Martinique,
Curacao, 19 May
13 May - 29 May
from Norfolk
14 - 22 June
from Tampa
Legend
PIE
DR
A
U.S. after 1 July
Daiquiri
CERVERA
3 July
A
UNITED
STATES
SAN JUAN
HILL 3 July
Aguadores
EL MORRO
SCHLEY
arrives from
Norfolk, 29 May
C
GR
AN
CABANAS
BAY
SANTIAGO BAY,
3 July
B
LA
SHAFTER
San
Cabanas
DE
Marianage
LAS GUASIMAS
Los Mangos
24 June
La Redonda
SUMNER
KENT El
Pozo
Sevilla
Punta Gorda
Mar Verde
A
r
Y
Cervera’s fleet tried to escape and was sunk in a one-sided
running engagement on 3 July 1898. General Toral recognized
the hopelessness of his plight, and surrendered Spanish forces
on eastern Cuba on 17 July. American forces went on to take
Puerto Rico by 9 August and the Spanish sued for peace on 12
August. The next day, unaware that an armistice had been signed,
General Merritt’s forces captured Manila after token Spanish
resistance.
2
SIER
RA
LAWTON
Dos Caminos del Cobre
2
Riv
e
0
Juan
N
1
Cuabitas
Reservoir
25 April-10 December 1898
1
D
EL CANEY
1 July
C
D
3
THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR
Far East
ATLANTIC
1
OCEAN
1
1
1
N
HISTORY DEPARTMENT
USMA
Frank Martini
Key West
BAHAMAS
(BRITAIN)
GULF OF MEXICO
R U S S I A
Matanzas
Havana
Cardenas
SAMPSON
12 May - 1 June
from San Juan
2
2
2
2
EUROPE
C H I N A
Cienfuegos
CUBA
(SPAIN)
Beijing
JAPAN
Boxer Rebellion, 1900
PAC I F I C
Hong Kong
OCEAN
Norfolk
CUBA
IC
O
PHILIPINES
GUAM
Holguin
SCHILEY
3
CARIBBEAN SEA
3
A F R I C A
3
AMERICA
Baracoa
San Luis
ASIA
OCEAN
SOUTH
Sagua de Tanano
Manzanillo
PUERTO RICO
Martinique
Curacao
Manila Bay, 1898
3
ATLANTIC
Tampa
EX
Hawaii (U.S.)
U N I T E D S T AT E S
M
SHAFTER
San Francisco
Guantanamo
AUSTRALIA
Santiago
AFTERMATH
Guam, Philipines, and Puerto Rico were Spanish posessions
ceded or sold to the United States after the War.
CERVERA
29 May - 29 April
The United States forces fought in the Philipine
Insurrection 1898 - 1902 and in the Boxer Rebellion in 1900.
4
4
CUBA, 1898
4
4
SPANISH TROOP LOCATIONS
Situation at 20 June 1898
1
2
SCALE OF MILES
Cartographic Cell of Excellence
Department of History United States Military Academy
Frank Martini
AUG. SEPT. OCT.
U.
Sp S. d
ai ecl
n,
a
25 res
Ap wa
r. r o
Sp
n
Sa ani
nt sh
U. iago flee
Ha S. N , 19 t ar
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or y
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, 1 bl
in
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ttl
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Au rs a
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FEB. MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY
n
JAN.
A
NOV. DEC.
1899
in
TIMELINE
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s
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5
Fe es, S
b. pa
i
0
1898
N
B
The President decided that Cuba would have to be
liberated by land forces, and to this end the Army
scrambled to raise and train both volunteers and
additional Regular troops. An enthusiastic citizenry
filled recuiting depots, creating havoc on a organization
designed to police Western Plains. Order was eventually
imposed on chaos and Shafter sailed for Cuba with 17,000
men on 14 June 1893.
Both the Army and the navy were unprepared when
hostililties began. The Navy quickly recovered, and
within a week of the declaration of the war Dewey had
destroyed the weak Spanish squadron in Manila Bay.
Meanwhile, after briefly panicking over a possible
Spanish attack against the East Coast, the American
Atlantic Squadrons under Admiral Sampson clapped
a blockade around Cuba, sealing Cervera’s obsolescent
squadron in Santiago Harbor.
C
The landings in Cuba were not opposed, and after
some hesitation Shafter decided to take Santiago.
A skirmish at Las Guasimas caused the Americans to
underrate their foe and consequently, on 1 July 1898,
Shafter’s Corps launched bloody frontal assaults
against strong Spanish fortifications at El Caney and
San Juan Hill. Small unit leadership, the bravery of
the American Soldier, and a significant numerical
advantage secured these objectives, leaving the
Spanish in an untenable position in Santiago.
Cervera’s fleet tried to escape, and was sunk in a one-sided
running engagement on 3 July 1898. General Toral recognized
the hopelessness of his plight, and surrendered Spanish forces
on Eastern Cuba on 17 July. American forces went on to take
Puerto Rico by 9 August and the Spanish sued for peace on 12
August. The next day, unaware that an armistice had been
signed, general Merritt’s forces captured Manila after token
Spanish resisitance.
D