Photovoltaic Test and Measurement Techniques

Transcription

Photovoltaic Test and
Measurement Systems
Overview of Spectra-Nova

Canadian Technology Company…..
dedicated to the development and
manufacturing of test and measurement
equipment for the global photovoltaic
marketplace
Modular Design Approach: enables clients
to specify and order equipment to meet their
needs and budgets; with the option to
upgrade equipment at a later date
Technologies: our innovative measurement
tools are well suited for all types of
photovoltaic technologies
Automation: options available for production
environments where high throughput is
required
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Copyright © 2009 Spectra-Nova Technologies Inc.
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A broad customer base…

Spectra-Nova has already established co-operative
links in a full spectrum of businesses in countries
worldwide:

Large manufacturers of photovoltaics (BP) or multinationals (BAE)
Midsize organizations, utilities (EDF) or national
renewable energy centers , e.g. CRES (Greece), Cener
(Spain), CEPEL (Brazil), NR Can (CANMET)
University PV research labs (McGill, Queen’s, McMaster,
Ecole Polytechnique de Paris; Northwest U, Evanston,
Illinois)
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…and a Global Focus

Established links with associates in Romania, France, USA
A sampling of the countries in which we have active
business and requests for quotations:

Canada

Taiwan

Italy

France

Greece

Jordan

Spain

China

Island of Crete (Greece)

Norway

Argentina

Japan

India

Mexico

Switzerland

Hong Kong

Australia

Syria

United States

Pakistan

Algeria

Brazil

Belgium

Sweden

Austria

Malaysia

Poland

England

Oman
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Nepal
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Spectra-Nova Products
Spectra-Nova has developed the following systems
for testing of solar cells and modules:

S-N CTA XS 100 Solar Cell Tester
S-N SR XS 130 Spectral Response Measurement System
S-N MTA 100 Solar Module Tester
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Solar Cell Testing
Spectra-Nova CTA-XS 100
Cell Tester

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20V/20A max. current & voltage
210mm x 210mm max. test area
Spectral match: Class A IEC60904-9
Light source: 800-1200W/m2
continuous
Non-uniformity of irradiance: 2%
Temporal instability: 2%
Temp control: -10C to 75C (Peltier or
water recirculator)
Cell placement: vacuum on test
chuck
Contact method: pneumatic
contacting bars
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Solar Cell Testing
Current Measurement
Device Under
Test
+
V
-
Voltage
Measurement
Kepco Variable
Load
Device under test: electrical connection
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Solar Cell Testing
Setup of cell test sequence:

Cells are contacted by flying leads or
pneumatic probes
Four-wire “true Kelvin” probing
technique is used to measure I (force)
and V (sense) independently
Voltage probe isolated, embedded in
chuck
Bottom surface of chuck serves as the
current probe
Top current and voltage probes are
mounted independently in the contact
Continuous Xenon irradiation, AM1.5G
spectrum
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Solar Cell Testing
Contacting different cell technologies …
Conventional c-SI
contacting: top/bottom
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Thin film small cell contacting:
top/top
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Characterizing the Solar Cell
Contacting different cell technologies …
Amorphous Si contacting: top/top
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The reference light detector …
Real-time simultaneous measurement of irradiance values
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Set up the initial conditions…
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Light Test results: I-V, P-V curves
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Dark I-V test results
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S-N SR XS 130 Spectral Response
Spectral Response
Measurement System
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Built accordingly to IEC60904-8
Standard/ASTM E.1021-95
Uses a Xenon or halogen light source to
provide spectral illumination
Standard spectral range 400 to 1100 nm
Extended spectra range options available:
300 to 2500 nm (monochromator version)
Simultaneous measurement of the
reference detector and device under test
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Spectral Response
Bias light
(white)
Chopped light
improves spectral
signal-to-noise ratio
Spectral light from
monochromator
Precision probing
technique using
micromanipulator
Temperature
controlled
vacuum chuck
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Complete system with
monochromator
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Spectral response optics
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Part
Description
1
Main Light Source
2
Monochromator
3
Filter Wheel
4
Chopper
5
Optical Head / Dual
Branch Guide
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Test Chuck
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DUT Contact Terminal
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Integrating Sphere
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Reflectivity Test Opening
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Reflected Light Detector
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Spectral Response Operation

Monochromatic light is superimposed on the bias
light
Synchronous detection of the monochromatic
light is obtained by chopping the monochromatic
light beam with a mechanical chopper
Signal is amplified by a lock-in amplifier, for
improved signal-to -noise ratio
Full test is performed automatically
Results are displayed for each cell and for the
whole plate grid, in order to get the mapping of
the spectral response across the plate
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Spectral Response
Discrete filter wheel based:

uses a wheel with filters for monochromatic light using
highest quality optical and electronic components
from reputed manufacturers
standard setup comes with 20 high quality narrow
band-pass filters spaced at 50nm increments from
300nm to 1200nm
motorized filter wheel has 20 indexed positions, along
with home and indexing non-contact detectors
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Spectral Response
Optical
chopper
wheel
Discrete filter
wheel
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Custom electronics
rack with precision
locking amplifiers
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Spectral Response
Monochromator based:

Spectral light is obtained by passing a beam from an illuminator
through a computer-driven monochromator and then
transmitted to the cell under test
Light beam is split into two branches: one is used to irradiate
the device-under-test and the other to measure the light
intensity at the specific wavelength
Monochromatic light is superimposed on a white bias light given
by a second source, to ensure the linearity of the cell response.
Two monochromator gratings cover the full spectral range (350
to 1200nm) and micrometer driven slit assemblies.
Second order wavelengths and stray light are eliminated by
order sorting filters, which are mounted on a computer-driven
filter wheel
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Spectral Response IQE
Internal Quantum Efficiency Setup
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Internal Quantum Efficiency operation:

Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is a measure of the number
of charge carriers collected by the cell, relative to the amount
of light absorbed by the cell, at different wavelengths.
The cell is placed behind an integrating sphere and three light
detectors are used to measure:

1) the incoming spectral light intensity
2) reflected light inside the sphere as a function of the positioning of the
cell (with and without cell)
3) light transmitted through the cell
Absorbed light is calculated as difference between the incoming
intensity and the sum of reflected and transmitted intensities
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Internal Quantum Efficiency operation:

Procedure is repeated automatically for all spectral
wavelengths of interest
Quantum efficiency (QE) is now calculated as the
dependence of the collected charge carriers on the
radiated photons of different wavelengths
For external QE the total number of photons is counted,
whereas for internal QE only those entering the cell
under test are counted
The collected charge carriers value is computed by
measuring the short circuit current of the cell under
variable light bias, as needed
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Spectral Response
Spectral response and reflectance results
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Spectral Response
Innovations Under Way:

Simultaneous independent adjustment of light and
voltage bias
Independent junction measurement of multiple
junction cells by saturation using coloured light bias
Large area spectral irradiation
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Solar Module Testing
Spectra-Nova MTA-XP
100 Module Tester

February 26, 2009
100V/20A max
1.85m x 1. 25 max test area
Spectral match Class A
IEC60904-9
Maximum module power: 400W
Light intensity: 200 to 1400
W/m2
Module placement: in cart
Contact method: flying leads
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Solar Module Testing
Module test results screen
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Thank you for your time and
interest!