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IY 1<IJ (OUR LAN8UAClS I!CIJA) A PMRAt:SBOOI( 0' TMS I(IJA LAN8UA8S Compiler: Joseph Blythe Kijo contributors: poris Fletcher, Lulu Trancollino, Ben Duncan, Henry Achoo, Mavis Wallaby, Mary Thomas, Eileen Bray, Rosie Malgil, Pilot Henry. Tiger Henry, Loma Thomas, Phyllis Thomas. This phrasebook is accompanied by a series of cassettes. I KIMBERLEY LANGUAGE RESOURCE CENTRE I I This book is published by the Kimberley Language Resource Centre, an Aboriginal organisation that supports groups who are working to maintain their indigenous languages, and undertakes projects at their request. Proceeds from the sale of this book go towards maintenance of Aboriginal languages in the Kimberley. © Kimberley Language Resource Centre on behalf of the owners of the Kija language and culture. PMB 11 Halls Creek WA 6770 Tel: (OS) 916S 6005 Fax: (OS) 9168 6023 e-mail: [email protected] © art remains with the individual artists ISBN: - 1 875167358 Design and layout: Jane Lodge Funded by: Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Commission Language Access Initiative Program (Stolen Generation Funding) Cover painting: Felicity Smith Other artwork by: Felicity Smith. Rosie Malgil. Thelma Thomas. Doris Fletcher. Loma Thomas. Henry Achoo. Lulu Trancollino. Kija on tapes spoken by: Doris Aetcher. Lulu Trancollino. Benny Duncan. Loma Thomas. Henry Achoo. English on tapes spoken by: Lexie Trancollino-Councillor. Ethel McLennon. Jane Morris. Henry Achoo. Kenneth Martin. Perrema yuwurrlyangem menkawum m/rllm/rllm Kljampurru pinarrikklrrem. Perrem menkawum kajetpu rangkakirrem rangka plmperrikpu jarrakpu yamperramurlunya pakarrjlya Kljam yuwurrlyangem. Lulu Trancollino Kija Executive Member Kimberley Language Resource Centre It is good to have our book about Kija to help people learn it. The cassettes too are good because they will be able to listen to the words. We're keeping our language, Kija, really strong. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the following Kija people who have helped with this project: Doris Fletcher. Lulu Trancollino. Ben Duncan. Mavis Wallaby. Mary Thomas. Eileen Bray. Rosie Malgil. Pilot Henry. Tiger Henry. Michelle Martin. Henry Achoo. Lorna Thomas. Phyllis Thomas. Felicity Smith and Theresa Polkinghorne. Lexie Trancollino-Councillor. Ethel McLennon. Jane Morris. Henry Achoo and Kenneth Martin. I am grateful to Frances Kofod for sharing with me her knowledge and many years of experience in Kija; also to Joyce Hudson and Pat Lowe for checking drafts and for encouragement. Jirrayam. Joseph Blythe Linguist :I :I :I. :I • iSYfEityp1eosed to put out our new publication. Yuwurriyangem Kijam. It is a lovely bOPkqn(:ilmfnlQUKijapeople will be proud when they see their language written down for the tapes. Listening to the language will fake them back to the anafnev'lI know who they are. The pictures will help them pinpoint some of th~l<iQ~irrth~next generation will also be very happy to have a chance to hear the in a book like this. People should not be ashamed tb speak their keep on speaking what they know. As people get older. that's when language and wish they had learned it when they were young. This !6fOfWQrn..h~gQnfEi into producing this collection of Kija words and phrases. which is the ,'d like to thank linguist Joe Blythe and all those Kija people who shared ~~with him and helped record the phrases. as well as those who drew the the support of the Wunan ATSIC Regional Council for their this Pfoiect and the National ATSIC Stolen Generation Funding Program Bonnie Deegan Chairperson Kimberley Language Resource Centre fOR E W 0 R D The Kimberley region has an unusual distribution of Australian Aboriginal languages. All Aboriginal languages can be classified as either Pama-Nyungan or non-Pama-Nyungan. The Pama-Nyungan group covers nine-tenths of the continent-all languages in this group can be shown to be related. The non-Pama-Nyungan group exists in a relatively small area E F A c in northern Australia and is made up of some twenty distinct language families. E In the Kimberley area alone there are four separate families, each made up of several languages. Kija is a non-Pama-Nyungan language and belongs to the JawaKan family. Gl!WIl WoIyooIlIII ~ WoriIi ",,1" MlI1IIln . lluftllbl! :" FI'IZRO'{ lIIflYADANGA ~ "~.. ~'" ~ '. ........... ~mmIII Kimberley languages are shown where they were traditionally spoken. Since non-Aboriginal people camEt to the area there has been considerable change. The arrows indicate the general trend of movement, (Extracted from the Kimberley Language Resource Centre's poster Traditional Locations of Aboriginal Languages), ~ -rIji f .: HALLS Ill! CREEl( ~ GcOIIlyamll t .... ~ ~..........-...... \~'" • _._ •••&>. . ... JBiU. , WMmsfm'rl \, ,, b/ ...... " \l9cMllllllilllllGU ;., mJU.1I tII' ...l @ IW.GO '1>:\" ,,## WIIngl!iJtIIllP' KIMBERLEY REGION OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA I'!gaRIl , ,, . KuI1RiIji! XXtQtdlUtt ............w ... )}J.5!!J!.H rr f!?.}yrrr .... 11 11 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, , , , , , , , , , , . • , . . IV ;; FOREWORD V PREFACE. VI INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . , . • . . . , , , . 1 KIJA SPELLING, • , •• , , 3 ABBREVIATIONS , , . . . . . • . . . . • , , '1 1 MEETING PEOPLE. , . , , • , , • , , . , , , , , , , 15 GREETINGS ..............................................•..... 8 HEADING OFF ................................................. 10 INTRODUCTIONS ..................................•............ 10 LANGUAGE & IDENTITY ..............................•........... 14 2 3 , , , , 16 FOOD. , . • SICKNESS & 18 HEALTH • MEDICINE •............•...................................... 21 BUSH MEDICINE ...........................•..........•........ 21 4 KIJA & OTHER LANGUAGES . . . . , , , , 22 LEARNING KIJA FROM A KIJA SPEAKER ...................•.......•. 22 LISTENING & UNDERSTANDING ..........................•..•.....• 23 LEARNING. TEACHING. KNOWING & THINKING •...................... 24 MEANING •....•..................•.....................•..... 24 s THE PARTY, 25 6 V£HICL£S. 215 '1 LOVE g CHILDRSN"""" 31 .• " . . , •• , 35 BEING PREGNANT ................•............................. 35 HAVING A BABY ......................................•........ 35 SOME TERMS FOR SMALL CHILDREN ............................... 36 TABLE Of CONTENTS BEING BORN ..•.......•.•.••........•.......................•. 36 THE NEWBORN BABY....•.....•........................•.......• 37 GETTING BIGGER .....•...•..............•.....•..•............ 37 WHO DOES THE BABY LOOK LIKE? .•.......•..•...............•..•. 38 TALKING ABOUT AGE ........................................... 38 OTHER USEFUL THINGS TO SAY ..•...........•..•........•.•..•.•.. 39 9 JSALOUSING,FUHITING &- HUMBUG' • • • • • • • • , , , • , • , • , 40 HUMBUG .•...•..•.•.•.....••...•....•....•..•..•...•••....••. 40 JEALOUSING ...•.......•....••.....•........•..••...•...•..•.. 41 RGHTING ............•..•...•..•.•....••.•••..•. '" .•......•. 42 INSULTS ..•.........•..••..••....•.••.......•.•....•.•...•..•. 42 & FUNSRALS 10 DEATHS 11 MONEY, . • • . , , . 43 . 4S ~ow KIJA PUTS WORDS TOGSTH£R • 41 MASCULINE, FEMININE, NEUTER & PLURAL. ••.•....•....•.••...••••... 47 NEUTER & PLURAL .•.•..••.•...•..••......•..•..•......••....•.• 51 SOMEEASY SENTENCES .......................................... 52 VERBS .•••.......••....•..••...•....•....•••.••..•.....••..... 55 FAST SPEECH FORMS OF COMPLEX VERBS ..•........•....••...•..... 59 MAKING QUESTIONS ............................................ 60 SlBtIOGRAPHY , , , , • TABLS OF KIN TERMS , WORD LIST. , FIND£R LIST , .• , , . , • 61 , . 62 64 , SS == :I 1 :I rise to new languages (Cattle Station Pidgin and the later Kimberley KrioD. The rise of these new ;I languages. intermarriage between different tribal groups. the practice of removing children :.I • • • ::I 11 :11 11 • • • the early 20th century as Aboriginal people became employed in the pastoral industry they began to congregate around cattle station homesteads. Their employment on stations gave from their parents and then forbidding them to speak their traditional languages. led to a weakening of those languages and the strengthening of Kriol. However. many Kija people lived and worked on stations within the Kija speaking area and during the wet season many returned to a more traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle. This meant that Kija fared better than some neighbouring languages and today still has a few hundred speakers. The sale of the government station Moola Bulla in 1955 and the equal pay legislation of 1968 resulted in thousands of Kimberley Aboriginal people leaving the stations and moving to centres such as Fitzroy Crossing. Halls Creek. Turkey Creek and Kununurra. This movement further contributed to the weakening of Kimberley languages. Today most Kija speakers live in Halls Creek and Warmun t (Turkey Creek) and the communities of Frog Hollow. Quartz Flow. Violet Valley. Bow River. Tablelands. Iminji. Crocodile Hole and Chinaman's Gardens. Most of these places are on or close to traditional Kija country. Today. Kija is an endangered language spoken in East Kimberley in Western Australia. Uke most Kimberley languages it is not actively spoken by children. The majority of Kija speakers are elderly or middle aged. Most young Kija adults and children speak Kriol as their first language as well == as varieties of Aboriginal English. They may use quite a number of Kija words in their Kriol and ::;; The Kimberley Language Resource Centre has received all sorts of requests for assistance to =- ~O~U~ftON English. giving these languages a Kija flavour. help keep the language strong. These requests have come from several sources: Kija elders concerned about the loss of their language. descendants of the stolen generation seeking to reclaim their traditional language. parents who want their children to know their (great)-grandparents' language. health workers and language workers as well as professionals and researchers working in the Kija area .. This list includes quite a range of people with different t SpelledWarrmarn according to the Kifa orthography. "A ~ r'1' ~~..;I, \J A PHRASSBOOK OF THS KIJA 1.""''''''4.''''''''' needs and different educational backgrounds. What they all have in common is the desire to be able to converse in the language. Due to the particular linguistic situation and the differing needs of the would-be Kija learners, this phrase book had to be different from those for mainstream languages. It is not targeting the backpacker, nor the tourist who needs assistance decoding the menu. It is first and foremost an aid to lat:lguage maintenance. Because at present the majority .of school programmes in Kija are aural. there are very few people able to read and write Kija. For this reason. rather than follow each phrase (as many phrasebooks do) with a confusing approximation of how it should be pronounced. it was decided to make an audio recording of all of the phrases to accompany the book. Thus. the audio cassettes. in addition to being a guide to pronunciation. can assist fhe learner with reading Kija. The package is intended to equip the learner with some vocabulary to deal with everyday life in the Kija region, to deal with practical problems and to talk about some of the things that Kija people talk about. All of the phrases were provided by Kija speakers and approved by them for inclusion in the book. Being of a practical nature, the phrases themselves should allow the student to plunge straight into using the language. After a while. questions may arise as to why you can say this and why you can't say that so a section with grammatical information has been included. This section has been worded as simply as possible. so don't be frightened off. It is not meant to be the last word on Kija grammar. If you can't find the answers you are looking for f'f;< f v;, j t there is a number of other resources for Kija available through the Kimberley language Resource Centre. This package will complement those resources rather than replace them. ( \. .~1 , [''\~, """'/ <"1't-~ I\,~,11 i'% (" ! % r -..::" 4 /( ,.f'. p -•• x 'l, I \.J YUWURRIYANGGM ICIJAM So take the plunge! Kija speakers are very proud of their language and will usually be happy to help you learn. Remember that this package is only an aid to learning the language. Kija speakers are the ones who know the language and can teach you; they should be your main language resource. le system of spelling Kija words was developed by linguist Patrick McConvell in 1984 for the Ngalangangpum School in Warmun (Turkey Creek). The spelling system uses 24 different letters or letter combinations (digraphs). They are: a. aa. e. i. j. k. I. Iy. m. n. ng. I1h. ny. p. 1'. ri.. m. fr. rt. t. th. u. ~RJA ~IF>$~~RN~ w. y . . There are quite a few sounds in Kija that you do not find in English so the Kija writing system has been adapted to cope with these sounds. That means that the letters often don't have the same sounds as they do in English. Here is a list of all the letters in Kija and the sounds I ; I they make. a sounds like the u in the English word cut. It is found in the Kija word mangon (to aa sounds like the I e sounds like the er in the English word father. It is found in the Kija word tek (Jook at, a in the English word father. It is found in the Kija word jaam (belly). ; see). I in feet. It is found in the Kija word pinarri (knowing, knowledgable). sometimes sounds like the I in the English word hit and sometimes sounds like the ea u sounds like the 00 in the English word foot. It is found in the Kija word tulpum (heart). j . sounds like the j in the English word jump. It is found in the Kija word jaam (belly). At I ; I I I > !!!ill!! !!If I VOWSL~ wave). ; I I !liS !SS COHSeHltH!S the end of a word it often sounds more like the ch in the English word much. This· sound can be heard in the Kija word woj (give). k sometimes sounds like the 9 in the English word go. It can be heard in the name of the language Kija. Sometimes it sounds like the k in the English word skite. This sound can be heard in the Kija wordpinarrlk (teach). A PIlAASSBOOI< OF TIIS l<IJA LAN/;tfitl:i;t' sounds like the I in the English word louse. It is found in the Kija word iaame (on top. up high). iy sounds like the III in the English word million. This sound can be heard in the Kija skin name Jawalyl. It is not like the iy in happily. m sounds like the m in the English word motor. It is found in the Kija word mamperr6 (wait). n sounds like the n in the English word nose. It is found in the Kija word nawan (cave. hole). ng sounds like the ng in the English words bring and singer. It occurs in the Kija words kunguJu (blood) and ngalil (woman). English speakers might find this sound hard to hear and hard to pronounce at the beginning of a word. nil there is no sound like this in English. Put the tip of your tongue behind your top front teeth and make an 11 sound. This sound is found in the Kija word mempat (get stuck/get bogged). sounds like the l1i in the English word onion. It is found in the Kija word nyakanyJi (uncle). English speakers might find this sound hard to hear, especially when it occurs at the end of a word. p sometimes sounds like the b in the English word big. Sometimes it sounds like the p in the English word spin. It is found in the Kija word parawul (female hill kangaroo). i sounds like the r in the English word run. It is found in the Kija word rangka (listen. hear). rl sounds like the rl when an American English speaker says cur/or girl. It is found in the Kija word mar/am (hand). m sounds like the m when an American English speaker says barn. You can hear it in the Kija word pumul (a fly). rr.sometimes sounds like the rolled r in Scottish English or sometimes like the n in butter ······wh$Osaidvery fast. It is found in the Kija word jarrakpu (word, story, language). d$OOhdslikethe I'd or the rt when an American English speaker says card or cart. It is ~9l..1ngdrrthe Kija word kartakpu (cup, pannikin, billycan). $Q~tirnes sounds like the cl in the English word dog. Sometimes it sounds like the f stun. It is found in the Kij~ word taparuny (pelican). J~~lS:nosound like this in English. However it is similar to the th in that. Put the tip Y99ftgngue behind your top front teeth and make a t sound. This sound is found ttijl<l!Clword thalngcm (Snappy Gum). ~~lIl(e the 'IN in the English word Wednesday. It is found in the Kija word gfl(brHbe tired, be lazy). ~M(;Islike the y in the English word yellow. It is found in the Kija word yakum (tell fS!/ll~pelling conventions to be aware of. Firstly, a 'IN that occurs at the begin- !::Jut before a u is often silent as in the word wumperfoma (they said m.ln Kija • with a vowel so a Vi is put at the front even if it can't be heard ~PSLLtN. eONVSN!IONS at the beginning of a word but before an i is often silent, as ••• 11 ==:;; hrAlnnn vowel sounds. This is how they are written: ea in the English word easily. It is found in the Kija word j/yillny '\Q$JIf<'~fhe 00 in the English word pool. It is found in the Kija word minyjuwum a ~ .. ~ • A PllAASSBOOl< OF TIIS KIJA LANGUAG.S There are also combinations of sounds that need to be distinguished from the ng sound (see above). You hear these sound combinations in English too but the English spelling is confusing. When writing Kija these sounds are spelt differently to make it clear. og is q single sound like the ng in the English word singer. It can be heard in the Kija word kungulum. ngk is a combination of ng and k and sounds like the ng in the English word finger. It can. Of:' heard in the Kija word warangkon (fast). ok is a combination of nand k.lt sounds like the ng in the English word engorge. It can be heard in the Kija word pinkllfpClI (push turkey). Most Kija words are stressed on the first syllable. 4$ it tt ,~,~ YUWURRIYANGS~ I<IJAI4 . .::~~ .Ji./ I I i I I 3 I I i I adj ........... adjective cov ........... coverb dem ..... , ... .demonstrative iv ........... .inflecting verb m ........... .masculine f ............ .feminine n ..... ....... .neuter N ........... .stative suffix pI ........... .plural qu .......... .question gen ......... .generic lit ........... .literally ; ; ; I I m I I I I A PHRASSBOOK OF THS KIJA ."••TIN.S 'e way Aboriginal people in the East Kimberley greet each other may seem strange to people who are new to the area. If you aren't used to it, it can sound as if people are being quite rude to each other. This is not the case. Traditionally Kija people didn't say Hello. One of the most common Aboriginal English greetings is What now? This really means something like: What's happening? or What are you doing? or What have you got for me? The standard answer to this question is Nothing. Not surprisingly, greetings in Kija may be quite similar to these Aboriginal English ones. These expressions are often accompanied by hand gestures. f:lU.S'ftON ANSW.R Kapuwa? . , • , " " , , ....... " . , ..... , , .. , .... ,Nguwangaman, What is happening? ....................... .Nothing. Kamlnya? , ..... , ........... , ...... , .... , .Nguwangarnannga, What now? .............................. .I've got nothing. What have you got? ::I :I ::I ::a == Nyungkayanmangu? t ..............Wentha. jirrayanngal Jirrayanmangu? .................... Yeah, I'm alright! Are you OK? Karrunyo, nyungkoyanmongu? .......Warrernpenngake. What now, are you alright? .......... .I'm sick. .. Yilkuwurrunngoke. cm I feel lousy. . . ." . . .. Jaam menkowuwurrunngake, == I'm feeling sad. (lit: I don't feel good in the belly, :I The Kija language expresses emotion and well-being in terms of how people feel in the 11 == == == 11 stomach (jaam). If you are happy you feel good in the stomach. If you are sad. anxious or upset you have a bad feeling in the stomach. Likewise. if you like something. it makes you feel good in the stomach. Anothel'common wo,y of greeting people is to ask where someone is going or where they == •• == == a == :;; ;I ANSWSR ~.!tijlt(l? ........... '...... ,,.... ,.,....Ngeneka ngenanke. 0l~~ateyou going? ..................... .I'm staying here. KRlmjjifa? .................. , , .........Pirlwu ngenarike taankill pakuklrrem. Wi'!Haje)yoUgoing? ..................... .I'm going home to lie down. Ki~~Y~tKWYinha? .................. , ....Ngulungulun kerlim:mg ngenayin Puruwumpiny. Wb;~al'dYo(Jcomefrom? .................. Yesterday I came from the west, from Broome. t Where there are two ways of saying the same thing. both are given. 0" ~irfayam. NyungkClyam. Seeyou. i\I1~ff:a. ng~nartke, .nyungkcyam pemenha, rm going, take it eopJ!. Kara1ek tlmpimnhangu. I'll see you later. KerQkt~k .timpimnhangu ngulungu)un. I'll see you later in the q{temQOn. When people are introduced. or when they introduce themselves, they usually start with their skin (subsection) names. It is important for people to know each other's skin-names in IH'ltOPVeTIOHS order to know how to relate. ~f you are introduced you will often·be told people's skin names and how you are to relate to them. There are eight skins; each has Cl masculine and feminine name. Some skins have more than one name. KA.'CUWNS p~ln Jungurra ....................... Naminyji Jangala ....................... Nangala Jampin ........................ Nompin Jakarra ........................ Nakarra Jaangan ....................... Naangori Jawalyi ........................ Nyaajarri Jawon/Jawanji/Jonama .......... Nyawona Juwurru/Julama ................. Nyawurru The above forms are the ones you would use when you are speaking directly to someone. When you are speaking about someone the skin names usually have the forms given below: ':YUWURRIYANGSM I<IJAM :I :; :; MASCUL1NS 'SMtNINS Jungurrany ..................... Naminyjili Jangalany ..................... Nangalal :m Jampinji ....................... Nampinel == == ::; Jakarrany ...................... Nakarral == Juwurruny/Julamany ............. Nyawurrul ::; =I :.; ". ~ == :;; :.; 11 11 11 :I • ::I :I ~.'" ~ * Jaangariny ...................... Naangaril Jawalyiny ...................... Nyaajarril Jawanji/Janamany .............. Nyawanal Everybody is related through the skin system. Once you know people's skins it is possible to work out relationships. The relationship terms are listed in the Table of Kin Terms on p62. Here is a possible dialogue as two men meet: SPSAl(SIl 1 i:PSAl(SR 14 l\igayinti JUl"Igufranngake, " , .. , ... , , .......... , . l\igayinkamiyi Jungurranngake, I'm a Jungurra................................ I am also a Jungurra. Nyingantl ngaJinngungu ngakinyinngungu nga)lny jungulTanyayl. ......... , ... , ... , ....... l\iyungkayam. ngunyjum ylntiyi. We are both Jungurra so you are my brother. ...... Alright give me some tobacco. Here are some sentences that you might say if you are introducing a friend: NginyJlny Jakarrany. Nyingan pemeningi Kayimiiinya nginiyin? Nyakayi, Where does he come from? This man is a Jakarra. You call him Uncle. Kayimilila nyaniyinya? Ngeiei Nakarral ngajikal. Kurayl, pemengiyi. Where does she come from? She is his sister; a Nakarra. You call her Mother. A PflRASSBOOK OF TflS I<JJA LAIIIGtlAG£ Kayimilinya kurakul'any nginiyin? Where does that old man come from? Ngeleli fhamanyilngake nyakanypnuwa, nyakanyjinuwa thamanyll ngele!. Kayimilila nyamanelt nycmiyinya? Where does that elderly woman come from? She's my cousin from my mother's side, from my mother's brother. Kayimilimangu naniyinha? Where do you come from? Ngurrungamannga ngirripawurrunnga. I'm from a long way away. I\Igelel thamanyil ngapuwalungkal kawangelngiya. She's my cousin from my father's side, from my aunt. Janya ngakenyji ningkuwuny. Tanya ningkiwinyngake. He's my relation/countryman. Ngelel ngakenyel ningkuwul. Ngelel ningkiwilngake. She's my relation/countryman. PuyummgmlUnnga. I come from the North. Kel1irrangmilinnga. I come from the west. Nyingan kangkakanhangu. Ngayin nyawanannga, nylnganti Jungul'ranngu kangkakanha. You are my kangka.1 am Nyawana and you are Jungurra so you are my kangka. Kapa nginpimningki1 What do I have to call you? Kar/i, nimpimngim. You have to call me karlL Kangkayl. nimpimngirrl. You have to call me kangkayi. l\Iylngangkurriny nyakanykurriny tanyi, nhowun nguwlmningld karll. He's your uncle, he has to call you karli. Nyinganti nlngkuwunngungake. You're my relation/countryman. Tanyi nyuwwngamany lampungamany. He's from the south, from Lamboo. Tanyl taawany taampurru. He is a traditional owner. Ngelel taawal perrempurru. She is a traditional owner for this place. Yakenginy kamaliwany, nguwan ngarra nemenke. That other bloke is a stranger; I don't know him. Ngaylnti Tarrkikrikwangkunngake. I'm from Turkey Creek. Ngenawarike mulapulun nawarrow ngenaylnte tarrkikrikjln. I was born in Moola Bulla but I grew up in Turkey Creek. Kangkayi, parringirrijju nengkei'rapen. You two have to call each other kangkayi. YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM t Cultural Note: The word for elderly woman. nyamanel is a/so used to refer to a white woman. a 11 11 If someone doesn't tell you what their skin group is you may need to ask them. • ~ • =I :I :;; ::; :.; .. People usually use a skin name or a relationship term in preference to using each other's own names as a means of address. Personal names, particularly blackfella names* or bush names are not to be used lightly. It may even be considered offensive to ask someone their name directly. It is often safer to ask through a third person. ~ =I tI :;; • • :; 11 *t Traditional names in an Aboriginai language. Name that comes from English. A P\!!lASEBOOIt OF '!'\!S J(tJA LANIH1Ati1g: ~J~.~UA~~ MtRtY In the east Kimberley, Aboriginal people often describe themselves by the languages they speak. The phrase Nhawunti Kljapany. He's Kija, really means that he knows and controls the Kija language. Kija speakers from one area often comment on how the speech of Kija speakers from another region is different from their own. Linguists call the different regional varieties of a language dialects. Sometimes Aboriginal people have names for the different dialects and sometimes they don't. Sometimes the name for 0 dialect might only be used by speakers of a different dialect. These days I.ungka and Kuluwarrong are the two main dialects of Kijo. Lungka refers to the variety of Kija spoken around Halls Creek, and to the people who speak it. It is often referred to as Halls Creek Kija. Kuluwarrang, which has also been referred to as Jarrak, is spoken around Turkey Creek and is often referred to as Turkey Creek Kija. Many Kija people will not actually use these names but they will express the differences as heavy and light. It is hard to say what exactly people mean by these terms. However. when someone claims to speak heavy Kija and they say that someone else speaks light Kija, there is no doubt they mean the other person's speech is in some way different from their own. ~ k Nyawai1ai jalTck Jsme Kijam. Nyawana speaks Kija. Ai YUWURR.IYANGIl)ll Ngurriny jarrak kerns Kijam, He speaks Kija. KIJAM Nhawui1ii Kijapany, He's a Kija man. He speaks Kija. • ::; :;; :;, == Ng~Kilapal. She'soKya woman. She speaks KMI :;:j:~~~~;ii;~i;i~~i~~r{~¥#~~;:::~::::;"~:~ Nhawun• Kijapany 11 11 11 Ngeneka jorrokkol'fi yarru~~pel'fem jumpum Kijampi. Kija. rolfeng~rram jal'fa~;~;~~~rrurnfaR)9Qfpmpem Kijam. here are speaking light Kija. He is Kgabut he d Thuwurra nyingangkurrum jarrakpi Jorrak teme? a :;; .,.,.".",.,."""""""""""""",."""""""""""""""""'' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' t}' What language are you speaking? Thuwurra jarrak jems fall? Nhawunfi Kijapany jalTok keme yokengam Jarum. What language is she speaking? He's Kija but he talks Jaru. "Yndtls~fre"$Q Nginyjiny Jarupany jarrak kerne ~.IJ~~M!""""'"",.,.,. He's Jaru but he speaks Yokengom jOffgmIJ,iaQ :11 :;; 11 11 11 ! fij 11 11 :; I ;; I A PHAASESOOK OF THE KIJA LAr.tGtrAIUit' I n Kija it is normal to make a distinction between miyalem (meat) and may/m (non-meat /~ ood). di!:": r/-Q-:i[;/)?, ...... Karninya mlyalem? Is there any meat? {j ,{ ~'-t. -:? " rI-'"- Junamannama miyalem kaminy~~W Did you get any meat? ~ Kapajarroma mlyaiem junanynhangim? What kind of meat did you bring me? Walampum nunanykengu jangklrrem, Bring me meat. (Speaking to one person). Nengkenowan miyale pampsiYanyngint You lot bring me meat. (Speaking to more than two people). PampSiTonyju miyale tarn, You two bring me meat. I brought you some rib bones to eat. YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM t For a discussion of coverbs see p57 \.\ ~ ::I Yilkuwurrunnga miyalpawurrunnga. :;; I'm not too good, I've got no meat. ~ ~ •• • :;; ~.' ~ 11 11 '!!!!!!!!!ll ~ III ;; ~. '" 11 I I I } \) ( /// if; •J~."" s It" r~'{ ,? " \\ ~~ \:" Jirrowukum penemnnanga miyalem ngakinype. Get me one piece of meat. -,~~ Wupu penayiiji mayim menkawum. He cooked this good food on the coals. Perrem mayim wupungem. The food is cooked. WUlUm menkawum ngarak nunpumkengu kUyingen. Now I'll make you a nice stew. Mayim perrempi penawarrenji peITjilke, This food is overcooked, it's too dry. Nengkerrawan ngarak jampirrimnna mayim. You lot make some damper. (Speaking to more than two Mayim perrem jumanykai1am wela plnaninngu wupukii1em. Hey, it's delicious, you're a good cook. people). Nengkerrawan kapinga jirri jarrajfna mayim ngarakklrrem. You lot show him/her how to make damper. (Speaking to more than two people). § Miyalkeny kirlirli ngenom, I'm walking around looking for meat. Mamejam yiikuwurrum. It's too hot like fire. Perrem yilkuwurrum paitarl'jim moyim. This food has got too much chilli. Perrem mayim walurrpam. This food is hot (eg.just out o(the oven). Kawirlikpu pUflUwunpu mayim. The food is getting cold. Perrem mayim kernkam. This food is raw. Perrempi mayim menkawum. kertkarra penayanyji. He cooked this wonderfully. t White person's fOOd. .< j Wariwum menkawukkarri junamennha wariwuk. You put something spicy in it to make it taste really good. Perrem menkawum, menkawuyijlyam ngarejam, It's really good and sweet. Tam kipingamam mayim yuwurrayangem. That is our bush food. ferrem wajpalakirrem mayim menkawum. It's good kartiya food.t Perrempi wal'l'ayelpamanyji? Yilkuwurrunngake karajpeka ngaremperra. nguwal1 jong nginpim. Has it got any sugar? I'm a diabetic, I can't eat sweet things. MalTa yarrutja piya yarrufja piji yarrum menkawumenKawum jangklrrem, Let's go shopping and we'll get something nice to Kapungerreka ngari'kalem mayimpurru? How much does the food cost? ~Rre~H~~~ & NISA~~1ID Grammatical Note: In Kija the body and body parts are always neuter. The person to whom the body part belongs takes the appropriate masculine or feminine gender suffix (for him or her) or the appropriate pronoun clitic t (for you. me or us). WCm'empenngake menkawuWIJmJnnga, I'm not too good, I'm very sick. Yilkuwununngake. I feel lousy. Yinfekpany melngampanyningi. Marra ylntetha meingampany marra Jaam menkawuwumJnngake, I'm sick in the stomach.; ylntekpany, Take me to the doctor. I'm feeling sad. i<apak!rrema? What is wrong? Nyingen kapakirrenhangu? What is wrong with you? YUWURRIYANGSM I<IJAM Jirrayanngake, I'm alright. Kapakelienyi tany!? What is wrong with him? t See Table Page 54 t See Cultural Note: Chapter 1 I I I :I i!i!!I!I. III KunthuRkayan ngelamante tinyjirr ngeiamante waylni. NgmempeRa yilkuwul'I'iny karajpeo I've been coughing and sneezing. He's diabetic. Kungkllrrpal kakampi yilkuwllrrut Kapakil'l'el tala? What is wrong with her? Poor thing, she's got the ffu. Teperrngel nganllngkl.lm. She's got a broken arm. NgarempeRa yilkuwurrul karajpe. She's diab,etic. g lepel'!' nyanuwartJa nganunglrum. Ngarempel'l'a karajpe yilkuwurrunngake. She felf and broke her arm. 11 I'm diabetic. '!!!I!I!Il Karajpe yilkuwurrunngake nguwan jang nginpim ngarempi 11 warrayele. I have diabetes, I can't eat sugar or honey. -.. .... ~ -• Ii!i!!!I'I!i ~ ~ ~ . ~. ~ :. ... '.:... .......... .'-----,, \ Yilkuwurl'iny fuipum marra iijpala nglnaal1ji. "\ , \ He had a heart attack and died. Vilkuwurrunngake paliyal'!'am. I have a bad leg. ~ • Yilkuwurriny tulpum. He's got a weak heart. Nyungkayanmangu? Are you OK? Lal1pu ngenal1ke kllngkuillm. Ngarrkaiem yilkuwurru nginini mil'l'mirr ngininl pol1ail nginlwal1jl l \ \ \,\. \ \..";:::;;:':> I've got a headache. Kalyulyupannga. I've got a stomach ache. Ku~npannga. I've got a cold. :~ ~ ~ ngul'!'onype wuspitelakill, He had a heart attack so they took him to the hospital. Yilkuwurru nginini thurrururu ngininl. He had a stroke. ~ Menkawunngake. , D j Menkawunnga karajpe. \~j I feel good. ;/-' '--'\ ! 11' A \ Yilkuwurru ngenani menkawu ngelamangke. ~ ~ ~ ~ Mirrjipannga manamo I've got a boil on my backside. I wasn't well but now I feel better. ~q~ .• ~tbl;.trrl<ayan.nge!amante nyikanfi. Menkawu ngeiamenke. I'm beginning to feel better. A PHRAS£BOOI< OF TH£ I<IJA LANGlIA,!!~ Ngamarranykany wert kiniyiiji, Kaya majarr neme? Where does it hurt? He was bitten by a snake. Ngaiany ngurramangpu marrama yartyart kinini tijpaia Walurrjanngake karajpe. nglnlwartji. They sung him and he started shaking and died. I'm hot. I've got a fever. Yllkuwul'lU ngenam mamijanngake ngenawalTenji muwulum. I'm feeling sick, my forehead is as hot as fire. Mayimplm yilkuWUl'IUk wanama jaam. Mayimpirri yilkuwurruk wumperramangpe ngurruwam. Jaam majarr ngenam yilkuwurrunanyjingake. I feel pain in the belly, I think I'm not well. They got food poisoning. Nyamanpu wumenya kurlangkei yilkuwurrul karajpe. Poor thing, she's getting old and frail. Nyamanel yilkuwurru wumenya purikala. She's getting old and grey. Kapaanyji mirrmirr ngenam yi!kuwul'IUnnga karojpe partarlanyji nginpuwun. I don't know what is wrong with me. I'm shaking, I feel faint, I might fall down. Mirrmirr ngenam panarianyji nginpuwun. Kurakurany yilkuwul'lU wumenJi. The old man is getting frail. I'm shaking, I might fall down. Nawarrapal kungulum yilkuwunul. YHkuwul'lU wanama nguwan kh'li ngeme. He's not well, he can't walk. -:-: ::: ... Yartyan ngeme therrngan ngeme. He's having a fit. He got food poisoning. ! Cultural Note: To sin,g someone is to put a spell on them with a song. Nyarll wanama nguwan kirii ngiwim. She's got high blood pressure. Nginyjiny yiikuwurruny kungulum nawarrapany. He's got high blood pressure. He's crippled, he can't walk. Nyarliwiny jimarrawukta ngiwinjlnie kinyane, He's crippled, he always has to stay in the same place. iVUWURRIVANGS~ KIJAM Menkawul kungulum. Her blood pressure is OK. it :I Nyingongkurrum merrejinpu junamurlunhama? Ngurlukpa nanini nyingangkurrum Have you got your medicine? menkawukkirrem? Have you drunk your medicine? I I I Komlnya nyingangkurrum junamurlunhama ;; I I I menkoWllkngarri nimpirrimnhapurru Junamanhama nyingangkurrum jurlkurlkum ngurlukkirrem? Have you got that stuff you drink that will make menkawukkirrem? you better? Nyingan jinpimnhama tarn kur!urrkirrem? "fq~~ Have you taken your tablets? Menkawum tam menkawukngarri Do you need to get injections? nimpirrimnhapum.l jurlkurlkum. Nyingan pinarrinmangu kapukana jang Those tablets will make you better. j Junamurlunhama nyingangkurrum menkawum D jurlkurlkum tom meni<awukklrrem? Have you got those tablets that will make you !i'!'!I!! !II better? nimpim jurlkurlkum menkawukngarri nimpirrimnhapurru? Do you know when to take your tablets? MSDICINS \ \<<<''''':~''''') <'/'" "./" f~1' ~~; ,~"'''''''''=''"''''''''''''''H''#''''''''''''''''~ E~ ;; !iI!IIIII! Yuwurriyangem kamtlwapam perrem I'Urrom Kaminya menkawum kipingamam ngul'lukklrrem menkawukkirrem. We have plenty of grasses you can make a purrunpungarri laiartkirrem? Is there any bush medicine that is good for drink from to get better. headaches? Ng\nyjiny kawurruny menkawuny murlumpurN Menkawum tampi nmam lartpungarri pirriyan III lukurrkirriny. Thiskawurru (Securinego melanthe~19.ides) is kungkulum. Rurram (0 bush plant) is good for making ~ ~ good for washIng your eyes. ID ;; 11 ;; . . • _.~-{::-::·{:~~;ilf::~;. . io;I!!!!!I!II Jumuluny menkawuny kungkurrupurru a jangkimny. Boab nuts are good when you have got a :; cough. !iI!I!!!'!I!!I ~ ....... ....... ~,: .USII MIPICIM. . headaches go away. A PIlRASSBOOI< OF TIIS I<IJA tANGUAGS 1f(RJA ~ OfH~~ ~AN'~\UJA~1S~ LSAIUflNG l<IJA 'ROM A iUJA £PSAt(SR Jarrak pernengirri Kijampim. Speak to me in Kija. Pinamk ylntemnha Kijam. Kcmgkayl. Teach me Kija, Kangkayi. Jarrakjarrak pemengirri ngamungamungumpuma. Tell me a story about the olden days. Kilingen jarrakJarrak nginpimningki Kijampim. 1'1/ talk to you now in Kija. Jarrak pemengirri tam Jiylrrempurru :,. Y 11 W 11 R R I Y A N G S M K I J A M Jarrak perM marrke. Jarrak peme mamperre. Speak slowly. Mamperre Jarrak pemengirri rangka naririangu. Speak slowly so I can hear you. Jarrakkalo puma !aame menkawuya, Speak clearly. Jarrak peme loome rangko naliriangu. Speak clearly so I can hear you. ngamungamungum. Tell me that story about the kangaroo. Perrem jal'l'akpu kumak peiiiyinho Kijayurrung. Yakengem jarrakpu jarrak pemengirri. Pefl"em jarrakpu kumak peniylnna Tell me another story. wajpalapiny. Translate this into English. Translate this into Kija. ::; ::; Nylngcmjarrak pemengirri ngarrangkamim Kapa nanini? jarmkpu. What did you say? iIiIiiI!I"'!!l ~ TeUmea dreamtime story. Kapa ngininl? ~ Neng~euapen What did he say? . jarrak parrernngirri ngarrongkamim jarrakpu. Kapa nginininlngki? a You two tell me a dreamtime story. What did he say to you? Pemenglrri Jarrakpu nyingc:mgkurrum. Kapa nyanini? :;; TeU me your story. What did she say? ....... Jarrakpa nemengirri ngayin? Kapa nyaninlningki? Are you speaking to me? What did she say to you? ~ ~ "-""':', :;; Wenfha. jarrak ngena Yes, I'm speaking to :;; PinamnfflangtFjdifbkngarri ngenamnlngki? Plnarrinmangu ktijjUWahimplm? . ....... Do you understand what I'm saying to you? Do you understand what to do? =- Pinarrinmangu jarrakngarrl purrum? Do you understand what they are saying? ~ Nguwangaman, nguwan pi~arl1nngake jarrakngarri purrum, No, I don't understand what they are saying. Nyinganrangkama jananynho tam Do you understand what to say? Jarrakjaliny pemengirri KiJampirs'l, Say it again in Kija. Tell me again in Kija. Rangkakala peme! Listen! (Speaking to one person). ·ja~,!(1m ngeme? Rangkakala yintekpany! DidyoUt/.ncferstand what he is saying? Rangkakaia yintetha! Listen to me! (Speaking to one person). DidypY:h~aovhat he is saying? .......... Ny~pj~mangu LI£!SNING • UMPSftS!AND!MO rangka jananynha? Dpyouunderstandwhat he/she said? A PHRASEBOOI< OF THE 1<1JA LANGtJAIlI!.' Rangkakala yimperrikpanyl Nguwan tawung nuoomenke tarn Rcmgk.akala ylmperriktha! You lot, listen to me! (Speaking to more than roogkangam nunaanke Jarrakpu, one person). •• ~."t1t k.&:' . TSACRINa f . A·_'1''''· e .. tatNIU• • I can't believe what I'm hearing. I don't like what I'm hearing. ngemperromenpe jarrakklrrem Kijampin1. Plnamwu ngelamenke jarrakkinem I'm beginning to learn to speak. The old people are teaching me Kga. Lingallnga ngetamenkente, Pingmkpu ngeoonke jarrokkinem. I'm thinking. I'm learning to speak. Lingaiinga ngenam Kijamplrrl, Pinamkpu ngeiamenke jarrakldrrem Kijamplm. I'm thinking in Kga. Nyamancmim mariukoyilem plnantkplJ I'm beginning to speak Kga. . MSANlue Kapaklrrem perrem kapa neme? Tarn yakengepam jarrakpe. What are you saying? What does it mean? It has a different meaning. Kapakirremo wayinl nanlre!? Kapakirrema perrempi Jarrakkam neme? Why did you say that? What do you mean by that? What are you talking about? Why did you do that? 'fhuwurrawlJ jarrak ooninl woylni? Kapoi<irremnernengarr!? Why did you say that? What do you mean? What are you talking about? Thuwurrawu nguwan jooak nanini nylngon? Kapakirrem perrempl? Kirrij yarrayit jarrakpuka marram, What does it mean? We've finished speaking now. . What is this for? YUWURRIYANGSI/l KIJAM Why didn't you say anything? :.; • • fll« ;; WJAlRf ~ ~ :;; ;; ~ ~ :;; ~."" ~ • ~ ~ :;; :;; . Penemnhanga ngurlukkirrem. I(urrngawunyjanmangu? Buy me a drink. Reminyma naniyi? Waj pemengirri ngurlukpu. Ngurlukpu yintiyi. """'''>. Yinfiyinna ngunyjum. ~ ~ Nguwangamanngake. Nawarram n!npemke nyikankukili I don't have any. ngurlukpawurrunnga we~~ti. ~ ~ ~y.rvegot nothing to drink. :::;; V~'O'~~Bi3liny.pe(nenglrrl ngurlanyaliny. • iJiIiIi!!"!!!I ~ ~ ~ !\Igiyi, reminy ngenayin. Yeah, I'm thirsty. I've got nothing. Ng~'~g(lmannga My oath! !\Igiyi, kurmgawunyjanngake, Give me tobacco . "" ~.' ~ Wentha kapa! Right on! Give me a drink. . ',-,-,,:, :;; Are you thirsty? ngurlul'lukkirrem. 1'1/ get a carton of beer to drink for tonight. Werlam meraangaiTiny jimpirlcmy ylntiyinha. Give me a bottle of port. Gi~~al1otber (drink). Mana yitja ngurlurlukkirrem. Givemesorne more. Let's (you and t) go and have a drink. A PIlRASEBOOI< OF TilE I<IJA Marra yarrutja pip yarremnya tany memtapany nawarrany ngurlurlukkirreny ngurrunkili. Let's all get a wine cask and go over the!.~ to drink. Marroma warrkkala yarra. Wangala ngeme kanyjamperraa yakawarlam. YiiTamningl tamplImJ kanyjampe. Wangala jaiTakngaiTi ngemepeoo tiyama thlllngunyngarri ngeme, He's going mad because of that lousy ganja. We warn him about that ganja. He talks silly when he smokes it. Let's dance. Nylngan pirriman nulunhangoi. Piyanynhangirri puny yinteta! She's teasing you. Come here and kiss me! Ngayinkany piiTiman nulunhangu jaiajikany. Punypuny yayingirrij. Let's (you and [) kiss each other. Mate, I'm only teasing you. Tanya kllnyjm nengampumjiningi. Yitjawanyji ngalngalpawurrunkili punyp ii"lmnr, How about you and I going to a quiet He's teasing you. Janya pirrkawirrka nemenjlningi kunyjuri nemenjiningt Ngulngangulnga yaringiiTij. He's winding you up. Let's (you and [) make love. Kunyjiri nengapumjini yuwanke nemenjlnl. Nyikawa purujklrrem yarrufjangani. Tomorrow, we will all go and have a party. Kayiwa plIrujkil'l'empi? Where's the party? Kunyjil'i oomenhangal yuwarrke nemenhangai. Quff~-~' fi''''\'ii~'' ~~1~) SUI'~ \~ Where's the card game? Kinyanekili ngakinyin toan. ..~~ In the same place, at my place. He's flirting with you. \:Jl(J(:O Ili She's flirting with you. Wingkemangkul Kiiyingen puru) nyeme yuwarmhawum junpam. Strewth! Now she's doing a raunchy dance. l£f.l Nengkerrawan ngurlukkayan parremkili yakawarlany. Go on! You lot keep drinking that rubbish (if you must). Yilkuwul'I'iny kul'lTIgapany yilkuwurruk ngurlurluk nginlni, He's been drinking, now he's feeling sick. lhulnguny ngeroo tam yilkuwurrum yakawarlam. He's smoking that lousy ganja t . t marijuana ::,y U W U R R I Y A N G S M K I J A M ; ; ; :.; ; :.; ;; :; Kunyjlrirlganl jengampumnha warimpirri nguny nyinpuwunya. jimarrawun yilkuwurri nylmpim pirrimanngarl'i nyiyinji. If you tease that girl in a cheeky way she'll sulk. She always gets wild when he teases her. Ngql'l'iW(]rium ngarli nyimpuwunya ngaliwarriny, JimalTawuk yilkuwurru wumenji pirrimanngarri ngimenya. Kel'Uk>ngarii nyimpuwunya ngaliwanyfha. After a while she'll settle down again. He always gets wild when she teases him. Kunyjiringarri jengapurnnha wariwumpirri warinypu ngemenji nguwan ngarliwu nguwirn. When you tease that bloke in a cheeky way he'll get wild and he Pangarinywarriny rurriJ perramlyanpiyu. Two people are swearing at each other. Mernmel1kalim perap permal1. The police have arrived. won't settle down. ;; :; ; ;; ; r-- ...... ~' ..... ;...WN-«o..,~~ ~:J !*' ~~~~~ ~~ ; ;; I I I ;; ",."....-- T~·:;;;~:;~,}.""""':::i:f.W~-:, .,..... ,., ,'.. ' >"':';"YW""~~~..n~~X;~"-""'·"·'''''~h''-- ..~~ •., .........w/....... • , ..... .-..r~.~ I ~ eJ ;; I A PllAASEBOOI< OF TilE I<JJA LANGU VlSHU~ltdS~ Grammatical Note: Vehicles always seem to be feminine in gender. Spare parts are usually feminine in gender. However. when people refer to some part of a specific vehicle. the part takes the neuter gender. just as body parts are neuter. Menkawul toli nylngongkunul ngurrkojil kawoyin winyangkili. I like your car even if it is small. Tail yakengeli paliungeli yilktwNrrut Menkawui tal ngulTkajil nyingangkurrul, That other car behind us is no good. nyiiamuiiunke, I like your car, I'll keep it. Talc paliun nyHjanfekaf nyilawuoonke Ngelel petowul yakengel warangkan nyitja ngunkaJiI. This car is slow; the other car is fast. >!UWURRIYANGS~ KIJA~ Mamlma WiJI nyeme. It (the car) goes fast. -·:tt~~~t:2$f;·· . y!lkuwu!'n.ll, That car travelling behind is not running well. I'm leaving it behind. ~ ~ ::; ::;: Kapa naniningiyi ngurrngurrul? ial ngurmgurrkirrel yilkuwurru wanama. JlntakJntak waanya What did you do to your car? kUl'mgakirrem tarn pemperrulunpllngamngiyi oononmm Ngelel ngurmgurrkalil teperr nyanuwart. ~ ~ This car is broken. ::.; Nguwangarnal ngurrngurrkirrem tam. ~ The car's motor is broken. ~ ::;; .. Yilkuwurru wanama fanyja nyanuwart tamka wiyile. ~ - TanyJakpu nyuwarrenjl nguwananyji fhep nyimpel1ayangpe ~ wayinikana fanyjak wanama, The car has a flat tyre. The tyre is going down. Maybe they didn't put the valve in prop- :;; erlyand that's why it has gone down. ~ ~ Karninya menkawukpa juwimnha? :;; Can you fix it? :;; :;.; :;.; Nyingan papij janawurran tal ngurrngurrkirrem. ~ ~ :.; ~ ~ """""'!J :; :; :.; :; You've cooked the engine. nyeme yllkuwurrul. The car is no good. It's leaking water from the radiator; and the water in the radiator is boiling. Thuwuthupawurrunngake menkawukkirrempi, I've got no tools to fix it. Menkawukkcm'i nyulunjl yilkuwul1iny, nguwan menkawuk nyonemanyji, The mechanic is useless, he didn't fix it. Nguwan tan yarrlyan kawamekili yake nhempat yarrewun! Kat yampirruwurrupja perremka pamanpe! Look out! Don't go on that blacksoil. we'll get bogged. We must leave this track. Klrrij waniyit nguwana wij! yarrlrn, The car is broken down, we won't go any further. Kirrij wOl1iyit, nguwana wlji nyimpim. lampl Kawayin mengerr yarrayaja. pemperralunpengarringiyi petali ngllwangamal kimJ waniyif. Oh well, we'll have to push it. The car won't go any further. It has run out of petrol. Tarn wiJlkengarr! nyimpel1amenpe yilkuwl.lm.!I, yilkl.lwurrum flak perrayi. The car is sick, it has a flat battery. Ngl.lrlanyaliny yampirrajapirri tarn wurum ngurrngurrkirrempurru, We need to put some more oil into the engine. ~ TaB ngulTngurrkirrel nyimuk nyimperraylt yilak nyanakawun. They drowned the car in the creek. A PIIRASSBOOK OF TlIS KIJA LANGUAGS Nak nyimpiyanya kurmgapawurrul petelpawum.!I. Ngenengkayana kat yinfuwurrupyamyu. We can't go any further, the car has run out of petrol. Leave us two right here. (Speaking to one ~;~;~·~=r~)) Kaminya meraangarrim rerrkirrem rerr yamfja. Is there any rope we can pull it with? Ylntekpany papjinkili. Take me to the pub. (Speaking to one person). 1// ,~., '{ if t;;;;~;:;:::~~~~j ..................... ".....~' ~ Ngurrunkili ylnfekpanyyarriyu mayarunkili mayimpurru. You take us two to the shop to buy food. (Speaking to one person). Nengkerrawanyimperrekthayarre Walkrikyurrung. You lot take us to Halls Creek. V r person). Ngenengka parrenhayarre mamperre. You lot wait here for us. Kaminya mayipanngake muniurf yinfekpany taankill. ngakenyji kangkayi jalungumny jumanykarrany. Can you take me home? I've got food. Please, my beautiful kangka. Ngarakkam jinpimnha miriimirlim perraa peniyinha nawmrampim, tangempi perrawa pimpirrilpeyuwu ngarrkaiem kilyingem ruyuiampuiTU. You write that letter and send it to the bosses, then they'll send us money for a new four-wheel drive. YUWURRIYANGSM KIJAM :; ;; = ~OV1S :; :; ~ :; ;; :; I; I; iT; laing and liking. and feeling good about things is often expressed in terms of a good feeling in the belly. If you like someone they give you a good feeling in the belly. You will notice I: == many references to jaam (belly). When you are fond of someone you might say: A PllRASSBOOK OF TIIS KIJA LANGUAcGS.:, you are talking about a woman you are fond of you might say: If there is more than one woman you are fond of you might say: When you are talking about a man you are fond of you might say: I I ; When you are talking about someone else who is in love you might say: ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;) " ""'. ~ '!"'!t ~ :; :;; ;; When relationships break down you might say: ;; iIiI!I!!I i!!t ;; = ;; v·_·~ ; ; A PllAASSBOOI< OF TIIS 1<1JA '.ANAfI'>'''>'!! ::::;; c:: lO lO ..: :.>= .... 111 'aC :::J 0 Cii 0 :J Q Q. s: 3 (6. '" .:-< :.- ...... :;;: 0 .... or :J 0. 3 cO· :::J -to ~ :J -to 0 <D -to 'ac A :J 0 ~ 0 0- 0 C -to :::J ~r :::J <D ;-< I I I 11 ~NRJ1Df(lS I Jaawal talc langkumul. I' B8tH. PIUICMAH! Tal ngalil jaokil. That woman is pregnant. I I Jaam naworrawu nyitja. Her belly is getting bigger. I NgurruJi yakengempirri kamkim wethet I pinplyinya jangatam. She's going to have a baby next month. '.' I ;; 11 I I 11 11 (~~.:~ Thomany!1 ngakenyil wethet penayitja jangatam. My cousin had a baby. wethet penayit. Ngiyi, ngalii, Yes, she had a little girl (lit: a woman). Marlimpal nyanemanyo. She had a baby girl. Jiyilinyma nginimonya? I Did she have a little boy? I Ngiyi, jiyillny. I 11 11 ;I SAVIM@ A BABY Yes, a little boy (lit: a man). Marlimpooy nginimanya. She had a baby boy. A PHRASEBOOI< OF THE I<IJA LANGUAGj;.' !BRMS 'OR CdlLDRSN Kariumpupany nginiwartjl. Kaya nyanuwartja? A baby boy was born. Where was she born? Kananypel nyanuwarija. Wuspitale Walkrikjin nyanuwarija. She was born in the hospital in Halls Creek. A baby girl was born. ::VUWURRIVANGEM J<IJAM :;J ::;; =-=m Kayioonuwaria nyingan? Where were you born? Ngayin ngenawarlke warlarrin ngamungamungun. I was born under a white gum tree a long time ago. :a :;a =ilIiIiI!!!!!!!I ~ •• • -~ ~ ~ ~ Jirrayammaningi tampl winyanyangkempi tany mariimpany? Mungurrma pimmiyanpenunguwa tany marlirnpany? Are the other kids good with the newborn Are they jealous of that little boy? baby? Ngiyi, jlrrayamkill. Puruj kurrlyinpe puny ngumlinpe wantawantaj ngurrumenpe ngumllnpu panyjale. tR8· NSW80RK 8A8Y Nguwan, melakawuya wantawantaj ngurrumenpe waj pirringirriyan wanfajkirrempio No, they all take it in turns carrying him around. Yes, they are alright. They play with him, they kiss him, they carry him around and they put him down on the blanket. .. ~ ~ ~ i!iIII!!!I!I!iI ~ .• =. .. ,. · .<~.: Tany wanyakuwarrany paampaampuny. ThaMittle baby is fat. Winyangkil tal kumtukai nawarrawu nyitja, marrama kerarrpal, kirliwanyjl nyimplm, N~awuwumenjl kumtukany tany. That little girl is getting bigger; she's already Hejs~ingbig. crawling, she might be walking soon. .stTIM8 81••Sa :;; • :; a A PIlRASEBOOIC OF TilE KIJA LAN:GctlA'''~: _~~n 'tYll.,THS BABY Yangurrapirri penamanya minngempi? Who does she look like? (lit: Who did she get that face from?) Mlrmgem tal kurakalngiyi penamanya. She looks like her mother. (lit: She got her face from her mother). Ngapukanyni mirmgem tal penamanyani. Penamanyjingiyi milTngem kuraka! winyangkiny. He looks like his mother. (lit: He got his face from his mother). Mirmgem penamanyji ngapukanynlngi. He looks like his father. (lit: He got his face from his father). She looks like her father. (lit: She has the face of iumukaliny nglnyjiny kurakalngiya her father). penamooyji. He's got a lot of hair; he got it from his mother. YangurrapilTi penamanyji mirmgempi? Who does he look like? Tumupawumny ngapukany penamanyjini iumum. He's got no hair; he takes after his father. Asking about someone's age in Kija is difficult since traditionally Kija people only had num- TALIUaG ABQUT Aes bers from one to three. Beyond that people spoke of many or a lot. Many older people don't know their ages as few records were kept of the births of Aboriginal babies. It is possible to ask the age of young children especially if they are three years old or less, byasking when they were born. Kija expresses months in terms of moons and years in terms of rains (wet seasons). L$'7"' \, >- rr-; f\~t, \ :::YUWURRIYANGSM J 1·1t I<IJAM I I I ;a I' ;a ·f :I ID Kayikana nginiwaffji tany kumtukany? Kayikanangiyiwa nyanuwaffja ngelel? When was he born? When was she born? Wiyinanuwa merrkernpe jawurranype Jirrawukumngiya jatam perrema nginiwartjingarri. He was born three months ago. yarrunyangarripifii. She is one year old. Perrem yakengem yampirrimnyangarri merrkern wirnpenanuwa jatampl. Yarrunyangarripini Ill·· ngelel. Next year he will be three years old. Jangatany tany ngamunguny nginlwaffjlngarrl Nyanuwaffjangarri y(lk.n~mpini pangal'iny jafawarriny. That little boy was born two years ago. karnkim. She was born three months<H6~. Wanyangkiny nginyjiny jumui'lunhamangake Piri piyanynhanungu warrkampe kenljkarri warrkarnpanngake? Can you look after my little boy? I have to juwijtha pipa pumanho. Come back here for him when you've finished work. working and pick him up. Memtam yintiyinhcmungu nentemkenungu tam 11 NgiWinjimaningki? Can he stay with you? :;I NgiYitngeriiyinngim ngenengka. m ID ;; 11 :I 11 :I 11 11 Yes.~thim stay here with me. OfMSR U~S'UL TRINGS TO ~AY nunfajkeni jaanim nakajam. Give me some money. I want to get a nappy I can put on this little boy. Piyany wuraJ nyunykala puma. Come here and blow your nose. A PHAASEBOOK 01' THE lUJA LAl!I~UAl;l"" J1SA~OU~RN~~ 1F
