B93_625209_BW_Herdruk_Food for thought_V2 .indd

Transcription

Food for thought
The Netherlands and Switzerland
Links between the Netherlands and Switzerland | Links between the Netherlands and Switzerland | Links between the Net
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Food for thought
The Netherlands and Switzerland
Coverphoto Erasmus bridge in Rotterdam, Source: Marc Heeman/Rotterdam Image Bank
The Netherlands and Switzerland | Food for thought
Inhoud
Introduction 5
Links between the Netherlands and Switzerland
6
Geography9
Government11
Population14
Standard of living 18
Education 23
Innovation28
Finance and Banking
31
Economy34
International Cooperation
49
Sport
50
Culture52
Working with the Dutch 59
Working with the Swiss
60
Addresses62
Recommended websites
64
|3|
Introduction
Switzerland and the Netherlands appreciate each other as serious,
reliable and like-minded partners in many different areas. Both in
business and in politics, in international law and in sustainable
development our two countries share many similarities. The
Netherlands and Switzerland thank their prosperity to their highly
qualified workforce, their innovative technological competencies
and their wide spread services. Furthermore, both our countries
pursue high quality standards in their production. Therefore, it is
not surprising that we have found each other as major business
partners.
This booklet is intended for those who are interested to learn
about our countries. Its goal is to make the reader think about
unexpected, odd or revealing facts that form our relation. In short,
this booklet is food for thought in pocketsize.
Bern, July 2014
Bart Twaalfhoven
Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
|5|
Links between the
Netherlands and
Switzerland
• The source of the Rhine is in Switzerland, and its estuary is in
the Netherlands.
• The humanist Erasmus was born in Rotterdam in 1467 and died
in Basel in 1536. He is buried in the Basel Cathedral.
|6|
• The founding father of the House of Orange-Nassau, Prince
William of Orange (1533-1584) also bore the title of Count of
Geneva. His statue has a prominent place on the city’s
Reformation Wall (Mur de la Réformation).
• Through her honorary citizenship of Geneva, awarded to her in
1926, Princess Juliana automatically acquired the right to Swiss
nationality. However, she lost this right when she married
Prince Bernhard von Lippe Biesterfeld. Princess Juliana was
Queen of the Netherlands from 1948 to 1980, when she
abdicated in favour of her daughter, Princess Beatrix. Queen
Juliana died in 2004.
• The Castle of Prangins, today a Swiss national museum, was
once the private property of Princess Emilia of Nassau, daughter
of Prince William of Orange.
• The University of Geneva, founded in 1559 by John Calvin
(1509-1564) as a theological college, was the most important
training centre for Dutch protestant theologians. At Calvin’s
death in 1564, the college numbered 300 students, of whom
80% were foreigners, most of them French or Dutch.
• In the 17th century, Swiss mercenaries became an important
economic link between the two republics. At the end of the 18th
century, 21,000 Swiss soldiers were stationed in the
Netherlands. The Netherlands was the second largest employer
of Swiss mercenaries, after France. The House of Orange also
preferred to use Swiss soldiers as their guards. The relations
between the Swiss officers and the House of Orange are still
commemorated in Basel every year during the Oranienmähli.
|7|
• The Peace of Westphalia (1648) recognised the independence of
both the Swiss Confederation and the Republic of the Seven
United Provinces. Apart from city states like Venice, the
Netherlands and Switzerland were for many years the only two
republics in Europe.
• The Dutch Belle van Zuylen (1740-1805), one of the most important
writers of her time, wrote the greater part of her oeuvre in
Neuchâtel. In Switzerland she is known as Isabelle de Charrière.
• From the late 19th century, both the Netherlands and
Switzerland have been pioneers of international humanitarian
law and the law on war, the foundations of which were agreed
in the Hague Conventions and the Geneva Conventions.
• Both the Netherlands and Switzerland were neutral countries
during the First World War and up to the outbreak of the Second
World War. Unlike the Netherlands, Switzerland has since
managed to maintain its policy of non-alignment.
|8|
Geography
Switzerland and the Netherlands are geographically connected by
the Rhine. From the Swiss Alps, where it has its source, the Rhine
winds 1,033 kilometres across Europe to flow into the North Sea.
The two countries are almost the same size: the Netherlands has a
surface area of 41,543 km², Switzerland 41,277 km².
Highest and lowest point
NL
CH
Lowest
-6,76 m
195 m
Highest
877 m
4,634 m
www.rijksoverheid.nl, www.cia.gov
Since the islands of Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius became special
municipalities of the Netherlands on 10 October 2010, Mount
Scenery on Saba (877 meter) became the highest point in the
Kingdom of the Netherlands. The highest point in the European
part of the Netherlands is the Vaalserberg (Mount Vaals). The
Vaalserberg is a hill in the municipality of Vaals with a height of
322.7 meters.
There is a ‘Dutch’ mountain in Switzerland: the Piz Amalia, named
after the eldest daughter of king Willem-Alexander. The 2,918 meter
high peak in Scuol, Switzerland, was christened with Alpine milk in
2004.
Photo 1 Satellite photo of the Netherlands, Source WaterWatch
|9|
Photo 2 Satellite photo of Switzerland
The Alps cover 65% of
Switzerland’s surface area
Government
Government
NL
CH
Political system
Constitutional
Federal republic
monarchy with a
with direct
parliamentary system democracy
Head of State
King
Bundesrat (Federal
Council) and a
Bundespräsident
(Federal President)
elected for just one
year. The president
is regarded as first
among equals
during that time.
Government
The King. 12
ministers and 8 state
secretaries, coalition
of 2 or more political
parties
undesrat with 7
members of the 4
biggest parties
among which a
Bundespräsident is
elected each year.
| 11 |
NL
CH
Parliament
Senate (Eerste
Kamer) with 75
indirectly elected
members.
The House of
Representatives
(Tweede Kamer) with
150 members elected
directly by the people
(proportional
representation).
Parliament can
dismiss the
government. This has
happened 18 times
since 1951.
The Council of
States (Ständerat)
with 46 members, 1
or 2 per canton and
a National Council
(Nationalrat) with
200 members. The
members of each
chamber are elected
directly in cantonal
elections.
Parliament can’t
dismiss the
government.
First female
minister
Marga Klompé
(1956)
Elisabeth Kopp
(1984)
Universal
suffrage
men in 1917
women in 1919
men in 1848
women in 1971
| 12 |
National
1 referendum on the
referendums and EU constitution in
people’s
2005
initiatives
207 people’s
initiatives
393 referendums
NL
CH
Regional govern- 12 provinces,
ment
financially dependent
on central
government, little
decision-making
power
26 cantons, charge
their own taxes,
large degree of
autonomy
Number of
2,408
403
www.bfs.admin.ch, www.cbs.nl
On 10 October 2010, the Netherlands Antilles ceased to exist as a
country. Curaçao and St Maarten became constituent countries
within the Kingdom of the Netherlands, apart from the already
existing status of Aruba. The islands of Bonaire, Saba and St
Eustatius are part of the Netherlands, each with its own local
government, analogous to that of a municipality.
| 13 |
Population
Official Languages
| 14 |
The official language in the Netherlands is Dutch. It is the first
language of 22 million Dutch and Flemish people. The second
official language in the Netherlands is Frisian, spoken by around
400,000 Frisians. On the islands of Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba
(the Caribbean Netherlands) Papiamentu and English are official
languages as well. Dutch is also spoken on Aruba, Curaçao and Sint
Maarten, which are separate countries within the Kingdom of the
Netherlands. In Suriname, Dutch is the language of government
and education. Afrikaans, which is spoken in South Africa,
descends from 17th century Dutch.
The official languages in Switzerland are German, French, Italian
and Romansch. Swiss-German is spoken by about 63.7% of the
population, French by 20.4%, Italian by 6.5% and Romansch by
0.5%. 8.9% of the population speak other languages.
Inhabitants (2013)
NL
CH
Inhabitants
16,833,740
8,112,200
Area
41,543 km2
(of which 7,650
km2 water)
41,277 km2
(of which 1,280
km2 water)
Inhabitants per km2
496
203
Source: Statistics Netherlands (CPB), CIA Factbook, OECD, Swiss Federal
Statistical Office (BfS)
Population growth (2013)
NL
CH
0.25%
1.1%
Population of the five largest cities (2013)
NL
CH
Amsterdam
799,442
Zürich
397,698
Rotterdam
616,260
Geneva
195,177
The Hague
502,055
Basel
173,352
Utrecht
316,275
Lausanne
139,390
Eindhoven
217,225
Bern
138,112
Source: Statistique Genève, Stadt Zürich, www.statistik-bs.ch, Lausanne.ch,
Stadt Bern, IAmsterdam, www.stadindex.nl,
Did you know?
For a short period of time in Europe’s history, citizens of the
Netherlands and Switzerland were each other’s fellow countrymen.
Both countries, together with parts of modern-day Belgium,
Luxembourg, France, Italy and Germany, formed the kingdom of
Middle Francia between 840 and 855 A.D., after the collapse of
Charlemagne’s empire.
| 15 |
Foreign population
In 2013, 796,243 foreigners (people who do not have the Dutch
nationality) were living in the Netherlands. This is 4.7 % of the
Dutch population, whereas 21.1% of the total population originates
from a foreign country. The largest groups come from:
| 16 |
Turkey
11.1%
Morocco
10.4%
Suriname
9.8%
Total number of Swiss people
in the Netherlands
(November, 2013).
7,546
Source: CBS, Swiss Embassy, The Hague
In 2013, 1,919,800 foreigners (people who do not have the Swiss
nationality) were living in Switzerland, i.e. 23.7 % of the Swiss
population. The largest groups come from:
Italy
15.2%
Germany
14.8%
Portugal
12.3%
France
Total number of Dutch people
in Switzerland
5.4%
40,000*
Source: BfS, * Based on an estimation of the Netherlands Embassy
Photo 3 Francia Media, Source pam Ename
Note: People who have been resident in Switzerland for 12 years may
apply for naturalisation. In the Netherlands you are eligible for
naturalisation if you have lived in the country for an uninterrupted
period of 5 years with a valid residence permit.
Religion (2012)
NL
CH
Protestant
14%
27%
Roman Catholic
23%
38%
Islam
4%
5%
Non-confessional
46%
21%
Other religions
13%
9%
Source: www.bfs.admin.ch, CBS
Standard of living
On the United Nation’s Human Development Index (2013), which
ranks countries based on life expectancy, literacy rate, education and
GDP, both the Netherlands and Switzerland can be found in the top
ten. The Netherlands ranks 4th behind countries like Norway,
Australia and the United States of America. Switzerland ranks 9th.
Happiest nations in the world
Denmark (7,693)
| 18 |
Norway (7,655)
Switzerland (7,650)
The Netherlands (7,512)
Sweden (7,480)
Source: UN World Hapiness Report 2013
Residential housing (2013)
NL*
CH
Rental
43%
70%
Owner-occupied
56%
30%
Source: BfS, CBS * 1% is unknown
Photo 4 Philips X-ray machine, Source: Philips design
Health (2012)
Health expenditure as % of GDP
NL
CH
15.4
11
Total expenditure per capita in €
€ 5,535
€ 5,399
Physicians per 1,000 inhabitants
3.0
3.8
Hospital beds per 1,000 inhabitants
4.7
5.0
Source: OECD, CBS, WHO, BfS
Prices. salaries and purchasing power (2013)
Average salary (gross per year)
NL
CH
€ 34,879
€ 55,516
Price of a Big Mac (2011)
€ 3,50
€ 5,04
Purchasing Power Parity for private
consumption (National currency per
US dollar)
0.83
1.37
Source: BfS, OECD, the Economist, the World Bank
| 20 |
Communication (2013)
NL
CH
Landline connections per 10.000
inhabitants
4,200
5,700
Mobile phone subscriptions per
10.000 inhabitants
11,800
13,500
Internet users as % of population
92.9%
82.1%
Domain names (.nl / .ch)
5,115,652
1,752,794
Source: Worldbank,Internet World Stats, hostnet (domeinnamen onderzoek)
Source: Internet World Stats
Photo 5 Philips LED street lighting, Source: © PHILIPS
The Dutch have leading
expertise in sustainable
roadway lightning
Social media (2014)
NL
CH
Facebook – total
number of users
8,900,000
2,964,220
LinkedIn
4,100,000
1,156,933
Twitter
3,300,000
426,000
Source: www.marketingfacts.nl, www.socialmediaschweiz.ch
| 22 |
With roughly 3.3 million Twitter users, the Netherlands has one of
the largest Twitter populations in the world. The number of active
users, i.e. those who actually tweet, takes with 11% a joint 7th place
with the U.S. and Japan. (source: peerreach.com, October 2013)
Education
The Dutch education system
Most Dutch children start primary school at the day they turn four,
although the mandatory school starting age is five. Primary
education lasts eight years. On average, children are twelve years
old when they start secondary school. They have several options:
pre-vocational secondary education (VMBO), senior general
secondary education (HAVO) and pre-university education (VWO).
After VMBO, at an average age of sixteen, students may transfer to
secondary vocational education (MBO). Those who have completed
the theoretical VMBO programme can also choose to transfer to
HAVO. HAVO is intended as preparation for higher professional
education (HBO) and VWO as preparation for university. VMBO
takes four years, HAVO five years and VWO six years.
MBO comprises a vocational training programme and a block or
day release programme. There are four qualification levels. The
programmes last a maximum of four years.
The four-year HBO programmes lead to the award of a bachelor’s
degree. At university, a bachelor’s degree can be acquired in three
years. A master’s degree programme takes either one or two years.
Source: Ministry of Education, Culture & Science
The Swiss education system
The Swiss education system can be divided roughly into four levels:
primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary.
The system varies from canton to canton, but all children in
Switzerland are required to attend school for nine years from the age
of six. After completing their primary education, which may take
| 23 |
Research Universities
(in Dutch: universiteiten)
Doctor’s degree
(PhD)
4 years
Universities of Applied Sciences
(in Dutch: hogescholen)
a solid arrow indicates
a right to acces
a dotted arrow indicates
that some form of selection
or bridging requirement
may be applied
Postgraduate
MA / MSc / LLM
degree
1-2-3 years
(60-180 credits)
Master’s degree
1-2 years
(60-120 credits)
Undergraduate
BA / BSc / LLB
degree
3 years (80 credits)
Bachelor’s degree
4 years (240 credits)
Senior Secondary
Vocational
Education and
training (MBO)
1-4 years
Secondary
University
Preparatory
Education (VWO)
6 years
Senior General
Secondary
Education (HAVO)
5 years
Preparatory
Vocational
Secondary Education
(VMBO) (iii)
4 years
Primary
Primary Education (VWO)
8 years
Figure 1 Diagram of the Dutch Education System, credit: Utrecht University
between four and six years, children go on to the first, compulsory
phase of secondary education. This prepares them for the second,
non-compulsory phase, in which they have several options. The first is
an apprenticeship with on-the-job training and theoretical courses at a
vocational school; during or after their apprenticeship, students can
attend further courses to qualify for a professional baccalaureate. On the
basis of this certificate they can be admitted to the universities of
applied sciences without having to sit an entrance exam, and by taking
a supplementary examination it is possible to study at a university.
Matura schools (cantonal school, grammar school, lycée) give pupils a
broad general education in seven basic subjects, a major subject and a
minor. Matura schools are the usual route taken by those who wish to
go to university; Specialised middle schools teach both general and specific
subjects such as those required for certain professions in health and
social work, education, music and arts.
At tertiary level, there are traditional universities, including the
cantonal universities, and the federal institutes of technology and
universities of applied science. Students may also choose to attend
teacher training colleges or enroll in higher vocational education.
Quaternary education is built upon tertiary education and describes
the continuation or renewed uptake of an organised form of learning
after having completed academic or professional training, usually
after starting a job or a family.
Education
NL
CH
Public expenditure as % of GDP
6
5.2
Public expenditure as % of total government
expenditure
11.7
17.9
Source: OECD, Worldbank
| 25 |
| 26 |
Figure 2 The Swiss Education System, Source: EDK CDIP CDEP CDPE August 2013
9
2
1
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
UPPER SEC.
C.
TERTIARY
BACCALAUREATE
3A
BACCALAUREATE SCHOOLS
2
Specialised Baccalaureate
+ Specialised School
Certificate (4 years)
5A
3A + 3B
UPPER SECONDARY
SPECIALISED SCHOOLS
SPECIALISED BACCALAUREATE PROGRAMME
option 2*
3A + 3B
Federal VET
Certificate
3C
VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
BRIDGE YEAR COURSES
(10TH SCHOOL YEAR)
Vocational schools + training companies + inter-company
courses | full-time schools
FEDERAL VOCATIONAL BACCALAUREATE
- option 1: during the apprenticeship
- option 2*: after the apprenticeship (full-time 1 year
or part-time 1,5–2 years)
VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND
TRAINING (VET)
(= APPRENTICESHIP)
5B
PREPARATORY COURSES
FOR:
- FEDERAL PET DIPLOMA
- ADVANCED FEDERAL
PET DIPLOMA
Federal PET Diploma
Advanced Federal PET
Diploma
CONTINUING EDUCATION AND TRAINING (CET)
SECOND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING 4B
Federal Vocational Baccalaureate +
Federal VET Diploma
5B
PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION AND
TRAINING (PET)
COLLEGES
PET College Degree
Federal VET Diploma
option 2*
UNIVERSITIES OF
APPLIED SCIENCES
Specialised School
Certificate (3 years)
ADULT BACALAUREATE SCHOOLS
Baccalaureate
1
5A
UNIVERSITIES OF
TEACHER
EDUCATION
CONTINUING EDUCATION AND TRAINING (CET)
4A
5A
Master (5 years)
Bachelor (3 years)
UNIVERSITIES
INCL. FEDERAL
INSTITUTES OF
TECHNOLOGY
6
PhD
Doctorate
THE SWISS EDUCATION SYSTEM
UPPER SE
LOWER SEC.
PRIMARY
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
(= APPRENTICESHIP)
3A + 3B
PRE-SCHOOL
PRIMARY SCHOOL
ISCED 6
ISCED 5A + 5B
ISCED 4A + 4B
ISCED 3A–C
ISCED 2A
ISCED 1
ISCED 0
AG | BL | BS | TI
SPECIAL
NEEDS
EDUCATION
1
2
3
Compulsory education
The diagram shows
the present structure of
the education system.
The cantons aim at
harmonising the structure
of compulsory education.
www.edk.ch > HarmoS
Number of years
Transition: 1 Baccalaureate ≥ Universities of
applied sciences (practical training)
2 Federal Vocational Baccalaureate ≥
Universities (additional qualifications)
Degree
© EDK CDIP CDEP CDPE, August 2013
AI | AR | BE | FR | GE | GL | GR | JU | LU | NE | NW | OW | SG | SH | SO | SZ | TG | UR | VD | VS | ZG | ZH
3C
VOCATIONAL
EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
BRIDGE YEAR COURSES
(10TH SCHOOL YEAR)
Vocational schools + training companies + inter-company
courses | full-time schools
FEDERAL VOCATIONAL BACCALAUREATE
- option 1: during the apprenticeship
- option 2*: after the apprenticeship (full-time 1 year
or part-time 1,5–2 years)
PERFORMANCE-BASED GROUPING
3A + 3B
UPPER SECONDARY
SPECIALISED SCHOOLS
ISCED
The diagram contains a link to the ISCED (International Standard Classification of Education
www.uis.unesco.org).
The ISCED assigns an internationally defined
code (ISCED 0 to ISCED 6) to each educational level.
This ensures international comparability of
educational levels.
0
1
2A
BACCALAUREATE
PREP. SCHOOLS
3A
BACCALAUREATE SCHOOLS
| 27 |
Innovation
Research and Development (R&D) 2012
| 28 |
NL
CH
Expenditure as % of GDP
2.1%
3%
Financed by industry (% of GERD)
57%
68%
Government financed (% of GERD)
43%
32%
Researchers: per 1,000 labour force
(full-time equivalent)
6.1
5.7
Source: OECD, GERD= Gross Domestic Expenditure R&D, CBS
In its economic policy, the Dutch government is focusing on nine
business sectors that are key
to Holland’s international trade and investment: Agriculture and
Food; Horticulture and propagation materials; High-Tech Materials
and Systems; Energy; Logistics; Creative Industries; Life Sciences
and Health; Chemicals; Water.
These are sectors that are leading the way in innovation and
sustainability, collaborating with Holland’s knowledge institutes on
world-class research and development. Expertise and products from
these Dutch sectors is on demand around the world. Together, these
sectors are the drivers of the Dutch economy. Another area of focus is
head offices. The establishment of head offices in the Netherlands
helps sustain the country’s strong economic profile, and it also creates
jobs, which makes it important for all top sectors. (Source, Holland
Compared, Facs and Figures 2014)
This so called ‘top sector policy’ aims to strengthen the Dutch
position in these sectors. Businesses have worked with the
government and knowledge institutions to create an agenda for
action for each of these top sectors.
Recent government initiatives and specific policy instruments such
as the Innovation Voucher scheme aim to broaden the basis for
innovation beyond the traditionally strong multinationals by
focusing more on SMEs and encouraging collaboration with
knowledge institutions.
(Source: OECD)
| 29 |
Ranking
NL
CH
Global Competitiveness Report 2013-2014
8
1
Innovation Union Scoreboard 2013
6
1
Global Innovation Index 2013
4
1
Rankings of Switzerland and the Netherlands in classifications for
competitiveness and innovation. Source: NL Agency
The most important innovation policy document in Switzerland is
the Statement to the Promotion of Education, Research and
Innovation 2013-2016 (ERI Message). “Switzerland considers
education, research and innovation to be a top priority.” It is the
government’s medium-term policy in the form of a four-year plan
for education, research and technology at the federal level.
Switzerland has the highest overall level of innovation performance and its rate of improvement is also above that of the EU27.
Source: SERI, OECD
| 30 |
Swiss regions are strongly focused on innovation, economic
growth and strengthening competitiveness. Switzerland is a world
leader in higher and university education, R&D and business. Swiss
policy focuses on innovation in traditional industries in sparsely
populated areas, instead of high-tech. The Swiss also strive to
improve coordination and cooperation between regions. Many
regions are developing their own regional business parks, business
networks and knowledge institutions. Switzerland intends to make
activities that stimulate innovation visible at regional level.
Finance and Banking
On 26 February 2010, the Netherlands and Switzerland signed a
revised treaty for the avoidance of double taxation, which entered
into force in 2011.
Switzerland’s financial sector
The Swiss financial centre, with banking as the leading sector, is of
major international importance and among the global market
leaders in many areas. The financial centre makes a substantial
contribution to gross value added in Switzerland and hence to the
prosperity of the entire Swiss population.
The banks are hugely important to the Swiss economy in many
respects. As employers they offer a host of skilled jobs paying
above-average salaries; as taxpayers they provide a considerable
portion of public-sector funding; and, finally, as drivers of value
added and centres of innovation they generate momentum for the
entire economy. (www.swissbanking.org 07-03-2014).
Banking (2013)
NL
CH
Domestic credit provided by banking
sector (% GDP)
218%
192.6%
Share of GDP
4.03%
6.2%
Number of Monetary Financial
Institution MFI’s
276
312
Source: DNB, World Bank, Swiss banking, Swiss National Bank
| 31 |
The Netherlands’ financial sector
The Dutch financial sector is well-positioned in Europe. A wide
variety of factors make the Netherlands a favoured location for
financial institutions. The Netherlands has, for instance,
traditionally been a desirable location for major financial
institutions and the Netherlands has modern legislation for the
financial sector oversight. By specialising, the Netherlands can play
an important role on the financial services market in Europe and
worldwide. Opportunities for the Netherlands can be found in
areas like pensions and related services and the financing of
sustainable projects.
| 32 |
The Netherlands has a well-developed financial system that is
largely focused on global financial markets and trends. Four
financial areas in which the Netherlands has extensive experience
and in which the Dutch financial sector shows great international
growth potential:
• Retirement management -pension advisory services and
administration;
• Financial logistics - efficient and cost-effective funds transfer
systems;
• Trading venue - securities dealing;
• Finance and sustainability - sustainability and financial services.
Amsterdam is home to the Euronext Amsterdam exchange, which
is part of NYSE Euronext, and Atradius, the world’s largest credit
risk management company. ABP is one of the three largest pension
funds in the world.
Photo 8 Schiphol airport Source: B en U Diemen
Holland offers a strategic
location in Europe
Economy
Both Switzerland and the Netherlands have always had an open
economy, with a very significant level of trade with other countries.
In 2012, exports of goods and services accounted for 88% of the
Netherlands’ GDP and 52,3% of the Swiss’ GDP.
Source: The World Bank
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at market prices (2014)
| 34 |
GDP
NL
CH
€ 602,66 billion
€ 489,98 billion
GDP growth rate (2014) 0.75%
2.2%
GDP per capita (PPP)
€ 40,300
€ 32,600
Source: CPB, KOF, Eurostat
EU – Switzerland
Though not a member, Switzerland maintains close relations with
the European Union and has access to most sectors of the EU
internal market through 20 principal bilateral agreements and
around 100 supplementary agreements, which regulate
cooperation in clearly defined sectors. These agreements secure
mutual access to most markets, and form the basis for close
cooperation in the areas of research, security, asylum, environ-mental protection and culture.
Photo 9 EU, Source: European Union
Switzerland and the EU are discussing institutional issues which
cover the mechanisms to ensure a more efficient application of the
agreements on market access now and in the future. Both parties
adopted a negotiating mandate to open the negotiations on the
institutional issues. The Federal Council on 18 December 2013, the
European Council of Ministers on 6 May 2014 (Source: Swiss
Federal Department of Justice and Police).
On 9 February 2014, the Swiss population adopted a popular
initiative aimed at stopping mass immigration. The new
constitutional text requires the Federal Council to introduce a new
admissions system for all foreign nationals within three years. This
means renegotiating the Agreement on the Free Movement of
Persons with the EU and adapting it to Switzerland’s new
immigration system (Source: Swiss Directorate for European Affairs).
Switzerland is a member of the European Free Trade Association
| 36 |
(EFTA), an intergovernmental organisation set up for the promotion of
free trade and economic integration to the benefit of its four member
states: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. This trading
partnership is in some ways comparable to the European Union but
cooperation between the members of the EFTA is less extensive. For
example the member states do not form a customs union. As a result
they can decide for themselves whether to trade with non-member
states. Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway thus have an agreement
with the EU to form a free trade zone, but Switzerland is not part of it.
Since 12 December 2008 Switzerland has been part of the Schengen
area, making unrestricted movement of persons possible between
Switzerland and the other countries that are party to the Schengen
Agreement. Switzerland signed the Schengen Agreement after a
referendum in 2005. It was the 25th country to join.
The European Union is the most important market
for both Switzerland and the Netherlands (2012)
NL
CH
% of total exports (EU)
79%
55.8%
% of total imports (EU)
62%
74.6%
Source: BfS, CBS
Economic relations between the Netherlands and
Switzerland (2013)
NL imports from CH in €
2,2 billion
NL exports to CH €
5,6 billion
Source: CBS
In the World Economic Forum’s (WEF) 2013-14 rankings for the
most competitive economies in the world, the Netherlands takes
the eighth position, just behind Hong Kong. Switzerland tops the
overall rankings, with Singapore in second place.
Direct investments (2012)
NL
CH
Total direct investments
abroad
€ 749 billion
€ 867 billion
Total direct investments by
foreign countries
€ 463 billion
€ 544 billion
Total Dutch foreign direct
investment in CH
€ 134 billion (2012)
Total Swiss foreign direct
investment in NL
€ 49 billion (2012)
| 37 |
Source: SNB, DNB,
In 2012, Switzerland was the world’s 6th largest foreign investor. The
Netherlands was the 9th largest foreign investor in the world.
Source: UNCTAD, 2013 food
In 2012, the Netherlands was the largest investor in Switzerland,
before Luxembourg and the USA. The Netherlands is the fourth
largest country for Swiss foreign direct investments after the USA,
UK and Luxembourg and before Germany.
Exports and Imports of goods (2013)
NL
CH
Total exports
€428 billion
CHF 201 billion
Total imports
€384 billion
CHF 176 billion
Source: CBS, BfS
The Netherlands is the 8th largest export destination for products from
Switzerland, and takes the same place for imports into Switzerland.
Switzerland is the 13th largest export destination for products from the
Netherlands, and takes the 30th place for imports into the Netherlands.
| 38 |
The Netherlands’ main export products
Machinery and transport equipment, chemicals and mineral fuels,
optical and medical instruments, pharmaceutical products,
electronic equipment, manufactured goods, transport, trade,
construction, dredging and technical services.
Switzerland’s main export products
Clocks and watches, mechanical and electrical engineering,
chemicals, pharmaceuticals, precision instruments, defence
material, turbo generators and diesel engines.
Chocolate and chocolate products (2012)
NL
CH
Chocolate consumption per capita
5,54 kg
11,9 kg
Cocoa grinding in 1000 tonnes
530
17
Source: ICCO, Chocosuisse
Photo 10 Cheese market, Alkmaar, Source: Netherlands Board of Tourism &
Conventions
Cheese (2013)
Production in 1000 tonnes
NL
CH
794
183
68
Exports in 1000 tonnes
731
Imports in 1000 tonnes
214
52
Exports in % of production
92%
37%
Cheese consumption per capita per year
19.4 kg
21.1 kg
Source: Zuivelonline, Schweizerischer Bauernverband, Switzerland Cheese
Marketing SCM
Photo 11 Cocktail tomatoes, Source: Enza zaden
With only 0.008% of the
world’s surface area, the
Netherlands is the world’s
third largest exporter of
agricultural produce!
The Netherlands is the world’s major cocoa grinding
country.
The two most important achievements in the history of chocolate
production were the invention of the cocoa press by the Dutchman
Coenraad van Houten in 1828 and the development of the Conche, a
chocolate refining machine, by the Swiss Rudolphe Lindt from Bern.
Agriculture (2012)
NL
CH
Arable land (% of total land)
30.9%
10.1%
Gross value added
€8,43 billion
€2,98 billion
Employment in Agriculture
(% of total employment )
2%
3.4%
Number of farming
businesses
68,810
59,065
% organic farming
2.49%
11.98%
Organic producers
1,646
6,173
Source: EUROstat, World Bank, Organic World, The World Factbook2013
The Netherlands is the world’s second-largest exporter of agri-food
products. The Netherlands is a hotbed of R&D in the area of
agri-food, due largely to the excellent knowledge infrastructure
and close collaborations between knowledge institutes,
government and the private sector, the so-called “golden triangle”.
| 41 |
Working population per sector (2013)
NL
CH
2%
3.4%
Industry
18%
23.4%
Services
80%
72.3%
Agriculture
Source: The World Factbook 2013
Employment (2013)
NL
| 42 |
Labour force
CH
11.1 mln
5 mln
Employment rate
75.1 %
79.4 %
Net labour force participation
66.1%
82.9%
Net labour force participation
for women
59.9%
45.4%
Share of labour force working part time
37.8%
26%
Average unemployment (2006-2012)
4.0%
3.9%
Source: BfS, CBS, OECD 2013
The Netherlands and Switzerland have the highest number of
part-time workers in Europe. In the Netherlands, 49.8% of the
labor force aged 15 to 74 is part-time employed. Switzerland follows
in some distance in second place with 35.6%. The average part-time
percentage in Europe is 19.9 percent.
(Source: Eurostat – ‘Labour Force Survey’, 19-04-2013)
Working hours (2012)
Hours
NL
CH
Average collectively agreed normal
weekly hours
37.1
41.7
Actual weekly working hours
39.7
42
Source: Eurostat
Transport (2013)
NL
CH
Total length railways
3.013 km
5.124 km
Freight transport by rail,
Freight Tonne Kilometres
6.157
11.061
Total length highways
138.199 km
71.513 km
Freight transport by road,
x million tonne-kilometres
565
282
Total length waterways
6.242 km
543 km
Source: ProRail, VOEV, Eurostat, ProRail, BfS
Bicycles (2012)
NL
CH
Total number of bicycles
22,3 million
3,9 million
Bicycles per capita
1.3
0.5
Source: BOVAG, VeloSuisse
| 43 |
| 44 |
Photo 12 Freight bicycle, Source: Marc Heeman / Rotterdam Image Bank
The Netherlands has more
than 15, 000 km of cycle
Cycling
paths! the Dutch way
Cars (2013)
NL
CH
Total number of private vehicles
7,915,613
4,320,000
Cars per 1000 inhabitants
472
537
Source: CBS, BfS
The Netherlands: Gateway to Europe
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the third-largest freight (after
Frankfurt and Paris Charles de Gaulle) and fourth-largest passenger
airport (after Frankfurt and Paris Charles de Gaulle and London
Heathrow) in Europe. More than 51.0 million passengers passed
through the airport in 2012. Cargo volume decreased slightly to 1.5
million tons. A total of 101 airlines offer direct flights from
Schiphol to 317 destinations all over the globe.
Biggest national airports (2013)
Schiphol Airport
Zürich Airport
Flight movements
459,967
262,227
Freight traffic x 1000kg
1483
416
Passengers
50,976,000
24,802,400
Direct destinations
317
184
Source: Schiphol Group, 2013., Zürich Flughafen (2013)
The Port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe and the world’s
fourth largest seaport, after Singapore, Shanghai and Ningbo &
Zhoushan, and is the world’s 10th largest container port.
| 45 |
Port (2012)
Rotterdam
Basel
Area (in hectares)
12,426
158
Goods handled (in mega tonnes)
441.5
7.2
Containers in TEU
11,900,000
102,240
Source: Port of Switzerland, Port of Rotterdam
Electricity - production by source (2012)
| 46 |
Fossil fuel
NL
CH
80.5%
5.4%
Hydro
0.1%
53.7%
Nuclear
3.8%
40.6%
0.2%
Solar energy
0.2%
Biomass
7.0%
0.0%
Wind energy
4.9 %
0.1%
Waste incineration
3.4 %
0.0%
Source: CBS, Bundesamt für Energie BfE
CO2 emissions, x1000 CO2 metric tonnes (2012)
NL
CH
Absolute CO2 emissions
166
38
Ranking absolute CO2 emissions
33
69
Per head of population
10
4.7
Source: www.globalcarbonatlas.org
Photo 13 Rotterdam container port, source: ECT
Tourism (2013)
NL
CH
Overnight stays
31,665,000
34,800,000
Guests from Switzerland in the
Netherlands
235,000
Guest from the Netherlands in
Switzerland
726,636
Source: CBS, BfS
Photo 14 The Peace Palace, Source: NL Agency
The Hague is the legal
capital of the world
International Cooperation
Membership of international organisations
NL
CH
Founding member
member since
Founding
member
member
since
European
Union
yes
1956
-
-
Council of
Europe
yes
1949
no
1963
NATO
yes
1949
-
-
OECD
yes
1961
yes
1961
UN
yes
1945
no
2002
IMF / World
Bank
yes
1946
/1944
no
1992
| 49 |
Source: Min. of Foreign Affairs, the respective organisations
Development funding (2012-14)
NL
CH
Total
€3.7 billion (2014)
€2.3 billion (2012)
% of GDP
0.7%
0.5%
Source: Rijksoverheid, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation SDC
Sport
Olympic gold medals
NL
CH
Summer Olympic Games
78
47
Winter Olympic Games
37
50
Source: The Olympic Movement, NOS
| 50 |
Wimbledon singles winners
NL
CH
Richard Kraijcek (1996)
Roger Federer (2003, 2004,
2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012)
Martina Hingis (1997)
Soccer
Nickname national team
Oranje
Nati
Internationals: the Netherlands vs Switzerland
Won by the Netherlands
Draw
Won by Switzerland
15
3
15
Source: KNVB
Photo 15 Speed Skating – Woman’s 3000m – Ireen Wüst –Netherlands – Gold
Medallist, Source: Olympic Movement
European Championship and World Cup Soccer
Participation EC
NL
CH
9
3
10
Participation WC
10
Place in the WC final WC&EC
4
0
FIFA ranking (2014)
11
7
Source: KNVB, FIFA, UEFA
Culture
Museums
NL
CH
Total museums
788
1,118
Most popular
museums
Van Gogh Museum
Anne Frank Huis
Rijksmuseum
NEMO
Het Nederlands
Openluchtmuseum
Hermitage
Amsterdam
Museum of
Transport, Lucerne
Kunstmuseum Basel
Fondation Beyeler
Swiss Open Air
Museum Ballenberg
Chillon Castle
| 52 |
Source: CBS, VMS
UNESCO World Heritage
NL
CH
8 cultural heritage locations
8 cultural heritage locations
and 1 natural heritage location and 3 natural heritage
locations
Photo 16 Rijksmuseum, Source: Amsterdamse Mediabank Van PD DVD
NL
CH
Including:
Ir. D.F. Wouda Steam Pumping
Station
Beemster Polder
Rietveld Schröder House
the Wadden Sea
seventeenth-century canal
ring area of Amsterdam inside
the Singelgracht
Including:
Benedictine Convent of St
John at Müstair
Convent of St Gall; Old City of
Bern
Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch
Palafittes, prehistoric pile
dwellings at Neuchâtel
Photo 17 Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra at the Concertgebouw in
Amsterdam, Source: Simon van Boxtel
Film (2012-13)
NL
CH
Total number of cinemas
139
278
Total visits per capita
1.8
2
Total newly released films
63
97 (2013)
Source: Stichting NVB,BfS, Swissfilms
Film festivals (2013)
NL
CH
IDFA
Visitors in 2013: 220,000
Locarno Festival
Famous personalities from the
international film world
NL
CH
Directors: Joris Ivens, Bert
Haanstra, Paul Verhoeven
and Jan de Bont
Actors: Jeroen Krabbé,
Rutger Hauer, Pierre Bokma,
Carice van Houten, Silvia
Hoeks, Famke Jansen,
Rebecca Romijn
Directors: Jean-Luc Goddard,
Marc Forster, Dani Levy
Actors: Maximillian Schell,
Bruno Ganz, Ursula Andress
| 55 |
NL
CH
NL authors
published in CH
and
CH authors
published in NL
Herman Koch, Cees
Nooteboom, Harry
Mulisch, Connie
Palmen, Margriet
de Moor, Arnon
Grünberg, Leon de
Winter
Charles Lewinsky,
Max Frisch,
Friedrich
Dürrenmatt,
Gottfried Keller,
Johanna Spyri,
Pascal Mercier, Joël
Dicker
NL musicians
known in CH (and
vice versa)
André Rieu, The
Nits, Armin van
Buren, Janine
Janssen, Candy
Dulfer, Bernard
Haitink (conductor)
Andreas
Vollenweider, DJ
Bobo, Gotthard
Important artists
Van Gogh
Rembrandt
Karel Appel
Alberto Giacometti
Paul Klee
Ferdinand Hodler
Famous architects
Rem Koolhaas,
Hendrik Berlage,
Gerrit Rietveld
Le Corbusier, Mario
Botta, Jacques
Herzog, Pierre de
Meuron, Peter
Zumthor
Other famous
people
Erasmus, Willem
van Oranje, Hugo de
Groot, Spinoza,
Christiaan Huygens,
Multatuli (Max
Havelaar), Mata Hari
Albert Einstein, Jean
Jacques Rousseau,
Wilhelm Tell, Henri
Dunant, Carl Gustav
Jung, Johann
Heinrich Pestalozzi
| 56 |
International art fairs:
NL
CH
The European Fine Art Fair
(TEFAF) Maastricht
Every year in March
Art Basel
Every year in June
Art Rotterdam
Every year in February
Art International Zürich
Every year in October
Photo 18 The Night Watch of Rembrandt, Source: Rijksmuseum
The Rijksmuseum reopened
in 2013 after ten years of
renovation and welcomed
2’220’000 visitors
Music festivals (2013)
NL
CH
Classical
Grachtenfestival:
63,000 visitors
Lucerne Summer Festival:
137,500 visitors
Jazz
North Sea Jazz:
70,000 visitors
Montreux Jazz Festival:
250,000 visitors
Rock/pop
Pinkpop:
180,000 visitors
Paléo Festival:
230,000 visitors
Famous inventions
| 58 |
NL
CH
First navigable submarine
(1620) - Cornelis Jacobsz.
Drebbel
Milk chocolate (1887) Daniel Peter
Pendulum clock (1656) Christiaan Huygens
Swiss Army Knife (1890s) Karl Elsener
Olympic flame (1928) Jan Wils
Muesli (1900) Maximilian Bircher-Benner
Artificial kidney (1943) Willem Kolff
Helvetica font (1957) Max Miedinger and
Eduard Hoffmann
Compact Disc (1982) Philips
Internet time (1998) Swatch
Working with the Dutch
(Source: Undutchables, E-diplomats (2010)):
• It is common for a topic to be covered from every angle very
thoroughly, with each person’s opinion fully expressed and
considered.
• The Dutch tend to be direct, giving straight yes or no answers.
They tend to be willing to innovate or experiment, minimising
risk is always a priority. The frankness does leave room for
debate and constructive criticism. There is a general willingness
to answer questions. It is often better to ask several questions,
than to keep quiet and potentially misinterpret situations. To a
foreigner this may seem intimidating, especially in cultures
where matters are discussed with extreme care and politeness.
• The Dutch are very organised and tend to work according to a
strict schedule. Time is money and meetings are held in the
most time-saving and efficient way. The Dutch take punctuality
seriously and expect others to do likewise. If in the unfortunate
situation you are delayed, even if it’s just for five minutes, it is
wise to call with an explanation.
• In the Netherlands, commitments are taken seriously. Promises
are only made when there is a certainty that they can be
delivered. An agreement, whether spoken or written, is
considered binding.
| 59 |
Working with the Swiss
(Source: worldbusinessculture) :
| 60 |
• Punctuality is of critical importance. Do not be late for
meetings, it reflects poorly on your professionalism.
• Be well prepared and earn trust, once the trust is gained it will
create a solid base for a good relationship for many years.
• The Swiss demand quality, not a compromise. The Swiss prefer
to pay more and be sure of a good product.
• Family businesses are very highly appreciated.
• The Swiss value sustainability and corporate responsibility
• It is important to be unpretentious in Switzerland. Don’t let
people think that you think you are somebody important.
Reserve and objectivity are valued highly.
• The Swiss have a lot of sympathy for the Dutch whom they
consider serious, direct, reliable and having a sense of humour.
• Many Dutch people are active in the Swiss business world. The
Dutch are often to be found in communication positions, social
activities and in the medical sector.
• The Swiss approach to business can be classified as orderly,
thoughtful and respectful. Pre-planning and risk aversion are
important concerns.
• Meetings in Switzerland come in all shapes and sizes, but the
larger the meeting the more formal it is likely to be. Formal
meetings will be very highly structured, following an agenda in
a linear-active way. There is little off-the-cuff deviation from the
pre-determined approach. It is expected that people will arrive
at the meeting well-prepared, with sufficient information to
hand to allow them to debate any particular issue in detail.
Photo 19 Prinsengracht, Amsterdam, Source: Fred Hendriks
• Business and private are not interchangeable. Meetings rarely
begin with personal small talk and it can take time to create a
close relationship with key Swiss contacts.
• Food is important, so it is not always a good idea to talk
business at mealtimes - be guided by your hosts on this.
• As a whole, the Swiss are uncomfortable with change. Changes
need to be introduced slowly and explained fully.
Addresses
Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Seftigenstrasse 7
CH-3007 BERN
Website: http://Zwitserland.NLAmbassade.org
Facebook: www.Facebook.com/NLAmbassadeZwitserland
Telephone: +41 (0)31 350 87 00
E-mail: [email protected]
Economic section: +41 (0)31 350 87 05
| 62 |
Consulate general, Zürich
Binzstrasse 18
8045 Zürich
Telephone: +41 (0)44 455 60 02
Consulate general, Geneva
Rue de la Scie 4
1207 Genève
Telephone: +41 (0)79 927 66 00
Consulate, Basel
Stiftsgasse 9
4051 Basel
Telephone: +41 (0)61 261 19 39
Consulate, Lugano
Casella Postale 403
6908 Massagno
Telephone: +41 (0)91 966 12 74
Consulate, Vaduz
Litzistrasse 20
FL - 9497 Triesenberg
Liechtenstein
Telephone: + 423 262 01 05
| 63 |
Embassy of Switzerland
Lange Voorhout 42
2514 EE The Hague
http://www.eda.admin.ch/denhaag
Telephone: +31 (0)70 364 28 .31
Dutch Societies in Switzerland
For a complete overview go to the website of the Embassy of the
Kingdom of the Netherlands: http://Zwitserland.NLAmbassade.org
Recommended websites
| 64 |
• http://Zwitserland.NLAmbassade.org
Dutch Embassy in Bern
• http://www.government.nl
Government of the Netherlands
• http://www.government.nl/ministries/bz
Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs
• http://www.government.nl/ministries/ez
Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs
• http://www.hollandtrade.com
The Netherlands Enterprise Agency
• http://www.nfia.nl
Netherlands Foreign Investment Agency
• http://www.innovatie.ch
Netherlands Innovation Attaché Network for Switzerland
• http://www.dbrt.ch
Dutch Business Round Table
• http://www.cbs.nl
Statistics Netherlands
• http://www.dnb.nl
The Dutch National Bank
• http://www.holland.com
Dutch Board of Tourism
• http://www.iamsterdam.com
Amsterdam Tourism
• http://www.eda.admin.ch/denhaag
Swiss Embassy in The Hague
• http://www.admin.ch
Swiss Government
• http://www.s-ge.com
Official trade and investment association of Switzerland
• http://www.swissfairs.com
Swiss trade fairs
• http://www.snb.ch
The Swiss National Bank
• http://www.myswitzerland.com
Switzerland Tourism
• http://www.ezv.admin.ch
Customs Administration
• http://www.bfs.admin.ch
Swiss statistics
• http://www.belastingdienst.nl
Dutch Tax and Customs Administration
Although the information in this publication has been checked
with the utmost care the publishers do not accept responsibility for
omissions and errors.
| 65 |
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This booklet gives a brief overview of similarities and differences
between the Netherlands and Switzerland.
ks between the Netherlands and Switzerland | Links between the Netherlands and Switzerland | Links between the Nethe
Published by:
The Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Berne
http://zwitserland.nlambassade.org/
July 2014

B93_625209_BW_Herdruk_Food for thought_V2 .indd

Transcription

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