the connected car - AAA Mid

THE CONNECTED CAR:
It’s Your Vehicle,
But Is It Your Data?
AAA Clubs of New Jersey
Public Opinion Polling on
Vehicle Data, Access & Privacy
Table of Contents
Introduction
2
AAA, An Overview
3
The Connected Car
4
The Forrester Report
Telematics: The Heart of the Matter
5
5
Poll Results
6
Significant Findings
Awareness of Technology
Personal Privacy
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
What Happens to the Data?
Freedom of Choice in Jeopardy
6
6
8
9
9
14
Conclusion
15
AAA’s Consumer Rights for Car Data
Public Policies to Protect Rights
16
Contact Information
Inside Back Cover
Introduction
From our founding more than 110 years ago, AAA has grown to serve over
two million members in New Jersey. Throughout, one thing has remained
the same: AAA works tirelessly to protect the rights, interests, safety and
mobility of our members and all travelers. It is from this unique perspective
that we present this report on an emerging aspect of transportation:
Connected car technology.
This emerging field will impact every aspect of transportation, from how
we repair our vehicles and how our smartphones interact with our cars,
to warning us when an approaching vehicle is entering our lane. It will
change the way we drive and interact with our cars.
This technology is so vital to our transportation that the AAA Clubs of
New Jersey conducted a poll, as a supplement to our biennial Report to
the Legislature, to gauge the awareness of these technologies and their
impact on motorists.
The survey of 500 New Jersey motorists closely aligns with a similar nationwide survey conducted by AAA earlier in 2013. As AAA continues to learn
more about connected car technology, we will use the results to guide our
advocacy efforts.
By engaging our members and the general motoring public through
surveys like this one, AAA’s advocacy on transportation and safety
typically enjoys broad support. It is in this spirit that we will continue
to advocate in a bipartisan fashion to advance the safety, reliability and
improvement of our highway network.
For years, AAA has been relied on as the voice of motorists when it
comes to traffic safety and transportation funding. We hope you will
continue to count on AAA when it comes to matters of motorist privacy.
2
AAA, An Overview
AAA is a not-for-profit, fully tax-paying federation of motor clubs
serving more than 54 million members in the U.S. and Canada. It is
the largest leisure travel organization in North America.
AAA regards public service on behalf of the traveling public as the
cornerstone of what we are as an organization. While advocacy may
not be the primary reason members join AAA, we take our commitment
to promote the safety and mobility of our members seriously.
Policy-makers at all levels rely on AAA thanks to our objective research,
nonpartisan approach and representation of a large motoring constituency.
We work hard to ensure that the public service and educational programs
we initiate are well supported by scientific data.
THE AAA CLUBS OF NEW JERSEY
In New Jersey, AAA is more than two million members strong, accounting
for one of every three licensed drivers in the Garden State. There are
four AAA Club affiliates in New Jersey, each providing a variety of
services, including travel, automotive, insurance and financial services.
The four AAA Clubs of New Jersey headquarters are:
AAA North Jersey
Wayne, Passaic County
AAA New Jersey Automobile Club
Florham Park, Morris County
AAA Mid-Atlantic, Northern Region
Hamilton, Mercer County
AAA South Jersey
Voorhees, Camden County
3
The Connected Car
The concept brims with the futurism of the popular 1960s animated
TV series The Jetsons: a motor vehicle loaded with comprehensive
technology that fosters driver safety, features automobile protection
and fashions unimaginable convenience.
From far-out features such as automated emergency braking and lanedeparture warning to blind-spot monitoring and cross-traffic detection,
the emergence of the “connected car” is changing the way we drive by
making the experience both easier and safer than ever before.
Each year our cars learn more about us, and while unlike Knight Rider’s
“Kit,” they might not talk back to us, they are sharing that information.
Embedded network connections have made broadband mobile connectivity the default setting in newer motor vehicles, which routinely collect
and transmit data on a variety of topics, including your braking habits,
when you’re getting too close to the vehicle in front of you and when you
might be straying from your lane. Meanwhile, its infotainment systems
and Bluetooth-connected communications systems can find and direct
you to popular restaurants, entertainment venues and other activities
of leisure.
While all of this is transpiring, the automobile’s engine micro-processors
– as many as 100 in some cases – are recording your location, your driving
habits and behaviors, such as whether your seat belt is fastened. And if
you don’t think data is being transmitted regarding what you listen
to on the radio or who you talk to on the phone, think again.
According to a recent AAA survey of 500 New Jersey motorists, an
overwhelming majority of respondents feel their privacy rights are in
jeopardy. The call for protection of these consumer rights is also overwhelming, with 93 percent believing laws and policies should be
implemented to ensure car owners have access to and control over
the information their car is generating about them.
4
The Forrester Report
A report published in July 2013 by Forrester Research, Inc. – a global
research and advisory firm serving clients who face complex business
and technology decisions – suggested motor vehicles are one piece of
a broader trend toward the “connected world” in which computing and
communication capabilities are embedded into physical infrastructure
and devices.
In the “constrained” environment of a vehicle, states the report, four types
of applications are evolving – infotainment/media, advanced telematics,
vehicle communications and autonomous driving capabilities.
TELEMATICS: THE HEART OF THE MATTER
The event data recorder (EDR) was first installed in automobiles in the
late 1990s. Performing similarly to a black box on an airplane, an EDR
stores information related to the circumstances immediately before
and during an accident. Soon after, onboard diagnostics began to reduce
exhaust emissions, and newly designed antilock brake and traction control
systems reacted to changing road conditions faster than drivers ever could.
With today’s proliferation of GPS and wireless cellular technology,
these systems collect far more comprehensive and uniquely personal
data. By 2020, virtually every vehicle on the road will have sophisticated
communications possibilities.
5
Here’s how it works: Microprocessors in the engines of newer motor
vehicles monitor your electrical system, collect data and disseminate it.
For example, when your alternator or battery is about to go, the vehicle
communicates that data. Operating much like a cell phone, it might not
be told to communicate to anyone in particular, but it’s constantly talking
to transmission towers.
This integration of telecommunications and vehicle-related data is
known as telematics.
Telematics can be exchanged via satellites – primarily GPS and entertainment content – or, more commonly, through a cell phone connection
embedded in the vehicle or established through a driver’s smartphone.
Access to telematics can be gained through an interactive display in the
vehicle; through a phone call to an automaker, dealer or third-party;
or through Web-based and mobile applications.
Poll Results
The recent poll of New Jersey motorists, conducted by the AAA Clubs of
New Jersey, and the nationwide poll by AAA National indicate that a
modest majority is at least somewhat familiar with vehicle technology’s
ability to diagnose and notify them of problems with their car.
Significant Findings
AWARENESS OF TECHNOLOGY
When it came to knowing whether vehicles may diagnose and
notify the driver of problems, 58 percent of those polled in
New Jersey and 39 percent of nationwide respondents were
familiar with the technology. However, only 41 percent in
New Jersey and 42 percent nationwide were at least partially
aware that these new systems will dial 9-1-1 automatically
in the event of an crash.
6
Two-thirds of respondents in New Jersey and 49 percent nationwide said they were familiar with the engine micro-processor’s
capability to unlock or start their car remotely. Less than a
third of those polled (30 percent in New Jersey and 23 percent
nationwide) knew that it is possible to download addresses,
messages, music, searches and other information from their
smartphones to newer motor vehicles.
Many new cars have built-in technology that can diagnose and inform the driver
of problems with their car. These cars also have communication systems similar to a
smartphone and can provide emergency assistance. On a scale of 1 - 5, where 1 is
not at all familiar and 5 is very familiar, rank how familiar you are with each of the
following four new vehicle features:
58%
46%
47%
39%
41%
48%
42%
28%
New Jersey AAA National
New Jersey
Diagnosing &
notifying you of
problems with
your car
68%
58%
21%
28%
AAA National
Automatically
calling 9-1-1 in
the event of a
crash
Familiar
Not familiar
64%
56% (2 and 1 Ratings)
(5 and 4 Ratings)
49%
39%
46%
39%
47%
41%
30%
48%
42%
23%
New Jersey AAA National
New Jersey AAA National
Downloading addresses,
messages,
maps, music,
Automatically
searches
calling and
9-1-1other
in
information
the eventfrom
of ayour
smartphone
crash
New Jersey AAA National
New Jersey AAA National
Unlocking or
starting
your&
Diagnosing
car remotely
notifying
you of
problems with
your car
Familiar
Familiar
(5 and 4 Ratings)
Not Familiar
Not
(2
andfamiliar
1 Ratings)
(2 and 1 Ratings)
(5 and 4 Ratings)
7
PERSONAL PRIVACY
The prospect of personal privacy being violated is a major concern of poll
respondents. More than 50 percent say motor vehicles generating
information about how, when and where they drive – as well as
having the ability to store emails, text messages, phone numbers
and navigational searches – would cause them to be “very
concerned.” Two-thirds of respondents say they would be at
least “concerned” (63 percent in New Jersey and 68 percent
nationwide).
How concerned would you be about your personal privacy, knowing that your
vehicle is generating information about how fast you drive, how often you drive,
and when and where you drive? It may also store emails, text messages, phone
numbers and navigational searches. Please rate your concern on a scale of 1 - 5,
where 5 is very concerned and 1 is not at all concerned.
68%
63%
19%
17%
New Jersey
AAA National
Not concerned
Concerned
(2 and 1 Ratings)
(5 and 4 Ratings)
8
ADVANCED DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS
Thrusting vehicle computerization to a new level is a group of safety
technologies called Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). The
computer’s vision – including ultrasonic, infrared, lida (laser-based
radar) and camera sensors – generates a real-time electronic picture
of your driving environment. Features include: unlocking or starting a
car remotely; diagnostics and notifications of problems; auto-dialing
9-1-1 in an emergency; downloading addresses, messages, maps and
music; monitoring where, when and how fast you drive; and storing
personal information such as phone numbers, emails and text messages.
WHAT HAPPENS TO THIS DATA – AND WHO CONTROLS IT?
Even the smoothest automobile transaction involves copious amounts
of paperwork. A buyer signs 30 to 40 sets of signatures and initials on
as many as 20 documents. He/she has been at the dealership for hours, is
tired and is in no frame of mind to read every word about the specifics
involved in the electronics of his/her automobile. Somewhere along
the line, he/she is likely to sign or initial a piece of paper giving the
manufacturer permission to do whatever it wants to do with the data
the vehicle will transmit.
In addition, manufacturers can sell data to insurance companies.
They’ve already sold it to such high-profile companies as Apple and
Microsoft. (Just think: if iTunes knew an owner’s listening preferences
and knew when they were in the vehicle each day, the marketing
possibilities are limitless.)
Repondents are uneasy with the idea that manufacturers have the
capability to store the information generated. Sixty-three percent
from New Jersey and 73 percent nationwide are concerned,
with both surveys showing that 50 percent or more check in
as “very concerned.” Bring up the concept of the auto manufacturer sharing or selling this information to other companies
to other companies, and 74 percent in New Jersey (77 percent
nationwide) are concerned about their personal privacy and
security.
9
Level of concern that the auto manufacturer may be able to get and store the
information generated by the car at any time. Please rate on a scale of 1 - 5,
where 5 is very concerned and 1 is not concerned at all.
73%
63%
19%
15%
New Jersey
AAA National
Not Concerned
Concerned
(2 and 1 Ratings)
(5 and 4 Ratings)
When a person purchases a car with this in-vehicle technology or subscribes to one
of these services, the information the car generates could automatically be shared
with other companies by the auto manufacturer. This is similar to companies that sell
their mailing lists or Internet companies that track your online activity. Knowing this, if
you had a car with these features, how concerned would you be about your personal
privacy and security? Please rate on a scale of 1 - 5, where 5 is very concerned and 1
is not at all concerned.
77%
74%
14%
11%
New Jersey
AAA National
Not Concerned
Concerned
(2 and 1 Ratings)
(5 and 4 Ratings)
10
A firm majority of those polled (73 percent in New Jersey and
61 percent nationwide) say they would be “comfortable” if
diagnostic data about their car and any need for repair were
collected by their car and shared with the manufacturer.
Fifty-four percent in New Jersey and 37 percent nationwide
are “uncomfortable” with their car generating information
about how many miles they drive. And a slim majority (54
percent in New Jersey and 46 percent nationwide) prefer
that their driving habits such as speed, acceleration and
braking not be shared with the manufacturer.
Respondents do not want “Big Brother” monitoring when and where
their car is driven or parked (55 percent in both the New Jersey
and AAA National polls). They are even more uncomfortable having
their texts, emails and telephone numbers they call collected and shared
with auto manufacturers (81 percent in New Jersey and 66 percent
nationwide).
11
Rated on a scale of 1 - 5, how comfortable would you be with each of the following
kinds of information collected by your car being shared with the auto manufacturer,
with 1 being “not at all comfortable” and 5 being “very comfortable.”
81%
66%
64%
55%
23%
New Jersey
AAA National
New Jersey
Comfortable
54%Not Comfortable
(2 and 1 Ratings)
42%
37%
(5 and 4 Ratings)
46%
33%
25%
New Jersey
26%
AAA National
New Jersey
Driving habits, such as
speed, acceleration and
braking
AAA National
Miles driven and location
information
Comfortable
Not Comfortable
(5 and 4 Ratings)73%
81%
AAA National
When and where your
car is driven or parked
Texts, emails and telephone
numbers called
54%
28%
20%
12%
(2 and 1 Ratings)
64%61%
66%
55%
21%
23%
14%
12%
New Jersey
Jersey
AAANew
National
28%
20%
AAANew
National
Jersey
AAA National
data about what
is wrong
When
and where your
Texts, emailsDiagnostic
and telephone
with your
car and that it will soon
car isneed
drivenrepair
or parked
numbers
called
Comfortable
Comfortable
NotComfortable
Comfortable
Not
and44Ratings)
Ratings)
(5(5and
(2(2and
and11Ratings)
Ratings)
12
81%
Those surveyed said they would not be likely to download information
from their smartphone to their81%car if they knew that the manufacturer
71%a solid majority (81
and others could obtain the data. The thought makes
percent in New Jersey and 71 percent nationwide) uncomfortable
to very uncomfortable.
10%
71%
15%
If you had a car with this technology, how comfortable would you be
with downloading
15%
New Jersey
AAA National
information from your smartphone to your10%car if you knew all the information could be
accessed by the car manufacturer and other companies?
New Jersey
81%
AAA National
71%
Comfortable
Not Comfortable
(2 and 1 Ratings)
(5 and 4 Ratings)
Comfortable
Not Comfortable
(5 and 4 Ratings)
(2 and 1 Ratings)
15%
10%
New Jersey
AAA National
And what happens in the event of an accident? The vehicle is towed
to an impound
lot where policeNot
officials
and insurance personnel need
Comfortable
Comfortable
(5 and 4 Ratings)
(2 and 1 Ratings)
key data transmitted from the vehicle in order to help determine what
happened, who might have been at fault and how a claim might be
settled. No clear law is in place regarding proper procedure for such
a scenario.
92%
92%
Those surveyed agree (92 percent in New Jersey
and 79 percent
79%
nationwide) that “consumers should always be able to decide
if information generated by their car can be shared and with
whom.”
79%
17%
7%
17%
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Consumers should always be
7%
New Jersey
AAA National
able to decide if information generated by their car can be shared and with whom.”
New Jersey
92%
AAA National
79%
Agree
(5 and 4 Ratings)
Agree
(5 and 4 Ratings)
17%
7%
New Jersey
Agree
(5 and 4 Ratings)
AAA National
13
Disagree
(2 and 1 Ratings)
Disagree
(2 and 1 Ratings)
Disagree
(2 and 1 Ratings)
FREEDOM OF CHOICE IN JEOPARDY
Traditionally, auto owners have had total say in where they take their
vehicle for diagnostic and prognostic data.
Increasingly, vehicle manufacturers are restricting access to repair
codes and/or are charging for the necessary information. This locks
independent repair shops out of the process, forcing consumers to
take their vehicles to dealers for repair and maintenance. Dealers, of
course, have a vested interest in obtaining the data. As it stands now,
they control who they share diagnostic data with for maintenance
and repairs.
The more data the dealership obtains, the more likely it is to reap the
benefits in the form of the buyer returning for repairs and maintenance.
Manufacturers use the data to alert vehicle owners when their battery
might be dying, when transmission fuel levels are low, and when it’s
time for a tune-up. They tell owners to contact the dealer to make an
appointment to have the work completed.
When asked how they would feel if their car’s electrical system
83%
alerted them that diagnostic repair work was needed, 83 percent
88%
83%and 88 percent nationwide said
of respondents in New Jersey
it would be important for them to choose the repair shop that
receives the information.
If your car automatically informed you that it needed repair work or maintenance,
and it allowed you to schedule an appointment and forward diagnostic data8%
to the auto
dealership’s repair shop using the technology in the car, how important would it be to
8%receives this information?
NewFor
Jersey
you to be able to choose the repair shop that
instance,
4%
you may want to choose an independent repair shop, rather than a dealership.
New88%
Jersey
83%
(5 and 4 Ratings)
(5 and 4 Ratings)
8%
New Jersey
Important
(5 and 4 Ratings)
4%
AAA National
Not Important
14(2 and 1 Ratings)
4%
AAA National
AAA National
Important
Important
88%
Not Important
(2 and 1 Ratings)
Not Importa
(2 and 1 Ratings
Conclusion
The connected car produces a multitude of driver safety benefits and
convenient features. Wouldn’t you like to know – as you are driving to work,
the grocery store or a friend’s house – to whom the vehicle is talking, what
information is being shared and how that information is being used?
A report released January 7, 2014 by the Government Accountability
Office (GAO) said major automakers have varying policies about how
much data they collect and how long they keep it. Privacy advocates
worry that location data could be used to market to individuals and
“track where consumers are, which can, in turn, be used to steal their
identity, or stalk or monitor them without their knowledge. In addition,
location data can be used to infer other sensitive information about
individuals, such as their religious affiliation or political activities.”
With each technological advance, the lines between who controls the
data and who has access to it have become increasingly blurred. As motor
vehicles become more like a smartphone, constantly transmitting data
to the manufacturer, the list of questions becomes longer: What information is being kept? Is it being aggregated to provide details on owners
of certain makes and models? Might it be sold to advertisers?
AAA strongly believes that you, as a vehicle owner, have the right to
control the data your car generates about you.
This rapidly emerging issue will take on even greater importance as
motorists begin to understand more thoroughly the communication
capabilities of their connected motor vehicles. Those polled want their
privacy and data protected. When asked if “there should be laws
and policies to protect consumers’ rights to the information
generated and captured by their vehicle,” 93 percent of those
polled in New Jersey (86 percent nationwide) overwhelmingly
agreed that laws protecting their rights and privacy were needed.
15
AAA’s Consumer Rights for Car Data:
Transparency – Consumers have a right to clearly understand what
information is being collected from their vehicle and how it is being used.
Businesses and the government should be transparent about the collection
and use of vehicle data.
Choice – Consumers have a right to decide with whom to share their
data and for what purpose. This includes ongoing monitoring of vehicle
systems, repair and any data of the vehicle owner’s choice. Customers
should not be forced to relinquish control as a condition of purchasing
or leasing a vehicle or receiving a connected-vehicle service.
Security – Consumers have a right to expect that connected-vehicle
manufacturers and service providers will use reasonable measures to
protect vehicle data systems and services against unauthorized access
and misuse.
93%
PUBLIC POLICIES TO PROTECT
RIGHTS
93%
86%
86%
A few car manufacturers provide privacy disclosures or “terms of service” similar to
those from credit card companies, software and apps, explaining what information they
collect and store, and how they use information collected from vehicles on the road.
11%
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “There should
be laws and
5%
policies to protect consumers’ rights to the information generated and captured by their
vehicles.”
AAA National
New Jersey
11%
5%
86%
93%
New Jersey
AAA National
Agree
(5 and 4 Ratings)
Agree
Disagree
(5 and 4 Ratings)
11%
5%
New Jersey
(2 and 1 Ratings)
AAA National
The error margin in the New Jersey poll of 500 residents taken Dec. 2 - 3, 2013 was +/- 4.3 percent.
Agree
The numbers align
closely with those gathered inDisagree
a recent national survey, taken Sept. 27 - 30,
and 4 Ratings)
(2 and U.S.
1 Ratings)
2013 with 1,007(5 adults
18+ residing in the continental
responding. The AAA National survey
had an error margin of +/- 4 percent.
16
Disagree
(2 and 1 Ratings)
AAA Clubs of New Jersey
Contact Information
Bergen, Hudson & Passaic Counties
AAA North Jersey
Stephen Rajczyk
Manager, Public & Government Services
418 Hamburg Turnpike • Wayne, NJ 07470
(973) 956-2243
[email protected]
Essex, Morris & Union Counties
AAA New Jersey Automobile Club
Cathleen Lewis
Regional Director, Public & Government Affairs
1 Hanover Road • Florham Park, NJ 07932
(973) 245-4869
[email protected]
Atlantic, Burlington, Cape May, Hunterdon,
Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Ocean,
Somerset, Sussex & Warren Counties
AAA Mid-Atlantic, Northern Region
Tracy Noble
Manager, Public & Government Affairs
700 Horizon Road • Hamilton, NJ 08691
(609) 570-4131
[email protected]
Camden, Cumberland, Gloucester
& Salem Counties
AAA South Jersey
Richard Bradley
Public Affairs Supervisor
700 Laurel Oak Road • Voorhees, NJ 08043
(856) 679-2655
[email protected]
Public Affairs Counsel
Capital Impact Group
Gene J. Mulroy, Principal
Jeanette Hoffman, Senior Vice President
134 West State Street • Trenton, NJ 08608
(609) 989-5885
[email protected]
[email protected]
The AAA Clubs of New Jersey – AAA North Jersey,
AAA Mid-Atlantic, AAA New Jersey Automobile
Club and AAA South Jersey – serve more than two
million members in New Jersey through
26 offices throughout the state.
For more information, visit AAA.com
or these popular links:
TeenDriving.AAA.com
SeniorDriving.AAA.com
AAA.com/Connect
AAA Clubs of New Jersey
The Connected Car: It’s Your
Vehicle, But is it Your Data?