Applications of Maleic Anhydride Chemistry in Skin Care

FEBRUARY 2015 • Vol. 21 No. 2
New York Society of Cosmetic Chemists
www.nyscc.org
Applications of Maleic Anhydride Chemistry in Skin
Care, Biomedical Devices, and Transdermal Delivery. Part II
… by Roger L. McMullen
I
n the first article of this series, we discussed several applications of maleic anhydride
chemistry to phenomenon occurring in skin. Copolymers of maleic anhydride are used
universally in the biomedical industry as bioadhesives, allowing for the attachment
of biomedical devices to the skin. Not surprising, the same types of polymers found their
way into personal care adhesive strips designed to remove unwanted keratotic debris. In a
much different application, maleic anhydride derivatives maneuvered into antiperspirant
formulations where they help to reduce the concentration of aluminum salts.
Transdermal drug delivery is another explosive area where hydrogels made of
maleic anhydride polymers act as key ingredients of the delivery formulation. As you will
see in the paragraphs that follow there have been many advances made in optimizing
transdermal delivery components over the last decade. Much of this understanding comes
from studies aimed at exploiting the hydrogel properties of maleic anhydride polymers
used in conjunction with plasticizing agents. Moreover, maleic anhydride derivatives have
been at the forefront of key advances in transdermal delivery including microneedles
and nanoparticle technology.
Transdermal Patch Applications
Maleic anhydride copolymers have been incorporated into the most basic transdermal
delivery vehicle known as the patch. The essential components of the bioadhesive patch
consist of a bioadhesive polymer in combination with a backing material (e.g., nylon),
plasticizer, and pharmaceutical active ingredient to be delivered to skin. The plasticizer
is a key component of this formulation. In the case of poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic
anhydride) the Tg of the dry powder is 151 °C, while in the free acid form (i.e. when the
polymer is dissolved in H2O) the Tg drops to 141 °C due to increased flexibility of the
free acid structure.1 Regardless, films cast from poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid)
solution are brittle and not suitable for transdermal delivery applications by themselves. Thus, a plasticizer must be employed in combination
with poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) in order to form a hydrogel system.
Choosing a Proper Plasticizer to Form a Patch Hydrogel
Researchers at Queens University Belfast conducted a great deal of research over the last decade trying to find a suitable plasticizer
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Applications of Maleic Anhydride Chemistry: Part II
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(Continued from page 1)
for poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid). Initial research investigated the use of glycerol as a plasticizing
agent. Unfortunately, supporting evidence suggested that glycerol was cross-linking with poly(methyl
vinyl ether-maleic acid).2 In certain cases, cross-linking could produce adverse effects such as decreasing
the degree of flexibility of the polymer and reducing its capacity to make intimate contact with the skin
surface. Furthermore, in many cases uncontrolled cross-linking could affect the bioadhesive properties
of the resin. In any event, attempts to use glycerol as a plasticizer were abandoned due to its high reactivity
with the polymer.
Other strategies to find a suitable plasticizing agent focused on the use of tripropylene glycol methyl
ether, an innocuous compound that only contains one hydroxyl group and no carboxylic acid moieties.
Therefore, one would not expect any cross-linking to occur with poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid). There
was much promise in the use of tripropylene glycol methyl ether as a plasticizing agent in bioadhesive
patch formulations containing poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid). Unfortunately, it is not commercially
available in pharmaceutical grade, and therefore, is not suitable for use in transdermal delivery applications.
This is unfortunate as the Belfast researchers even completed clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of
this patch formulation.3-5
Further attempts to plasticize poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) focused on combining it with
poly(ethylene glycol) to obtain bioadhesive films with desirable physicochemical properties.6-11 In initial
studies, researchers investigated the influence of poly(ethylene glycol) molecular weight (200, 1,000, and
10,000 Da) on the properties of the films. The structural integrity of the films was determined by mechanical
analysis (e.g., tensile strength, elongation at break, Young’s modulus, and the work of failure) and the degree
of plasticization was monitored by measuring the glass transition temperature with dynamic scanning
calorimetry.6 Not surprising, tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and work of failure decrease when higher
concentrations of poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) or poly(ethylene glycol) are used in the formula and
also when lower molecular weight (200 Da) poly(ethylene glycol) is employed. On the other hand, the
elongation at break increases at higher concentrations of poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) or
poly(ethylene glycol), and at lower molecular weights of poly(ethylene glycol). Furthermore, based on Tg
data from differential scanning calorimetry, a molecular weight of 200 Da was found to be the most efficient
plasticizer of the blended system, as compared to 1,000 and 10,000 Da. Also, increasing the concentration
of poly(ethylene glycol) results in a greater degree of plasticity of the films. Clearly, polyols such as
poly(ethylene glycol) are hydrophilic and cause ambient H2O to diffuse into the polymer structure. It is also
very likely that poly(ethylene glycol) disrupts
stabilizing hydrogen bonds found in poly(methyl
vinyl ether-maleic acid) (see Figure 1). In any
event, plasticization and the increase in flexibility
of poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) occurs due
to the interpolation of poly(ethylene glycol) and
H2O into the polymer structure and the resulting
disruption of intermolecular forces. More than
likely, lower molecular poly(ethylene glycol)
provides a more plasticized system due to its
greater mobility than higher molecular weight
variants lending to its ability to diffuse more into
the polymer structure. Such an effect can be
explained by the small molecular volume of the
lower molecular weight species accompanied by
a greater number of hydroxyl groups per unit
mass.6 In addition, increases in the flexibility of
Figure 1. (A) Hydrogen bonding of poly(methylvinyl
poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) at increasing
ether-maleic acid) with itself. (B) Hydrogren bonding
between poly(methylvinyl ether-maleic acid) and
concentrations may be explained as a selfpoly(ethylene glycol).
plasticizing effect, which is commonly observed in
polymers.
After much work in investigating the properties of blends of poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) and
poly(ethylene glycol), considerable evidence (thermal analysis, attenuated total reflectance-FTIR, swelling
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studies, and scanning electron microscopy) surfaced demonstrating that these polymers cross-link under the
employed mixing conditions, which were carried at slightly elevated temperatures, ultimately forming a
hydrogel system.7 For illustration, Figure 2 contains an SEM micrograph of a hydrogel containing a 2:1 ratio
poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) to poly(ethylene glycol). The porous nature of the hydrogel is clearly
evident in the image.
The same molecular weight samples of poly(ethylene glycol) already described were further investigated
to determine the crosslink density imparted to the finished hydrogel. The lowest molecular weight
poly(ethylene glycol) (200 Da) yielded the
most highly cross-linked hydrogel network.
Again, such a result is not surprising, as lower
molecular weight compounds will have
greater access to the interior structure of
poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid), or any
polymer for that matter. In any event, a crosslinked hydrogel system works extremely well
for transdermal delivery applications. Hydrogels
are insoluble and can absorb significant amounts
of H2O without dissolving. At the same time
they serve as good vehicle for pharmaceutical
active ingredients and can precisely control its
diffusion or permeation into the desired tissue.
The diffusion coefficient of the drug depends
Figure 2. SEM micrograph of a hydrogel containing a 2:1 ratio poly on number of factors including hydrogel
(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) to poly(ethylene glycol). Originally structure and pore size, water content,
published in T.R.R. Singh et al., Investigation of solute permeation
across hydrogels composed of poly(methyl vinyl ether-co-maleic molecular weight of the polymer, and degree
12
It also depends on the
acid) and poly(ethylene glycol), Eur Polym J 2009, 45, 1239-1249. of ionization.
Reprinted with permission from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society dimensions of the pharmaceutical active. In
of Great Britain, copyright 2010.
some instances, one may wish to deliver a
larger molecule, such as peptides or proteins. If the inherent pore size of the hydrogel is too small, this will
influence the diffusion rate of the pharmaceutical active to be delivered. The pore size of the hydrogel can
be increased by adding a pore-forming agent. In fact, Donnelly and coworkers used sodium bicarbonate in
hydrogels made of poly(methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid) and poly(ethylene glycol) to create large pores in
the structure.10 Increasing the pore size results in higher equilibrium water content and average molecular
weight between crosslinks. The overall expectation for this type of hydrogel modification is increased
permeation of the solute into the skin. Other studies with similar hydrogel systems (without pore-forming
agents) demonstrated increased permeability of the drug when the ionic conductivity of the hydrogel is
increased by applying an external current.9
Microneedles
The use of microneedles to painlessly bypass the stratum corneum is also a viable route for transdermal
drug delivery.13-17 There are several methods of microneedle administration, which are summarized in
Figure 3. A complete description of the various types of microneedle systems is provided in the figure
caption. Briefly, these consist of: (a) a solid microneedle system that punctures the skin and is followed by
treatment with a traditional transdermal patch, (b) a solid microneedle system coated with the drug, which
upon penetration the drug dissolves; (c) a soluble microneedle system containing the drug in which both
the drug and the microneedles dissolve upon introduction into the skin; and (d) a hollow microneedle
system in which the drug is discharged and the microneedles are withdrawn. Historically, microneedles
were constructed of silicon type materials, which could cause issues due to lack of biocompatibility. A
modern approach to this problem is to fabricate microneedles with hydrogels.18 Blends of
poly(methylvinylether-maleic acid) (Mw=1,080,000 Da) and poly(ethylene glycol) (Mw=200; 1,000; and
10,000 Da) have been used at concentrations of 15% (w/w) and 7.5% (w/w), respectively, together and
then crosslinked to form a suitable hydrogel.19 The suitability of a hydrogel system for a particular
application depends on its swelling and diffusional properties, which in turn is primarily dependent on its
cross-linking density.10
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Applications of Maleic Anhydride Chemistry: Part II
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Figure 3. Various methods of microneedle application to skin during transdermal drug delivery. (a) Solid microneedles
are used to puncture the skin, which is followed by a second step in which a traditional transdermal patch is used.
(b) Solid microneedles coated with the drug. The microneedles are removed after the drug dissolves in the skin’s interstitial
fluid. (c) Microneedles fabricated with a soluble polymer/carbohydrate carrying the drug is applied to the skin until the
drug and microneedles dissolve in the skin. (d) Hollow microneedles containing the drug inside puncture the skin and
then discharge the drug. (e-h) A delivery system based on a backing layer, drug loaded adhesive patch, and hydrogel
microneedle system. (f) The hydrogel microneedle-adhesive patch system is in contact with the skin. (g) Water diffuses
from the skin into hydrogel microneedles, causing them to swell, and then further into the adhesive patch. (h) As a result,
drug molecules are liberated from the patch and migrate through the hydrogel and into the skin. Originally published in
R. Donnelly et al., Hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Adv Funct Mater 2012,
22, 4879-4890. Reprinted with permission from WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, copyright 2012.
Nanoparticle Technology
Over the last two decades, there have been tremendous efforts made to develop polymeric nanoparticles
as controlled release agents for pharmaceutical actives. They offer a variety of benefits as delivery agents
including high loading efficiency of the drug, ability to target specific organs or tumors, and delivery of
proteins, DNA, and other biomolecules to key tissue sites.20 Polymeric nanoparticles are generally 10 –
1000 nm in diameter and delivered via the oral administration route.21 In recent years there has been
increasing interest in developing polymeric nanoparticles as transdermal delivery agents for both
pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.22 With respect to maleic anhydride
chemistry, there has been considerable interest in fabricating polymeric
nanoparticles for the oral delivery route.23-26 The general principle behind
controlled release when drugs are orally administered is that the polymeric
nanoparticles bind to key surfaces in the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., the
interior of the stomach or intestinal region) providing the pharmaceutical
active with a desired pharmacokinetic release profile over an extended
period of time. Since maleic anhydride chemistry is very biocompatible
with skin it is not surprising that efforts have also been made to utilize
maleic anhydride-based nanoparticles as transdermal delivery agents.27,28
Cyanoacrylates are a family of adhesive molecules that are used for
various applications. The most commonly known products that contain
Figure 4. Molecular structure
cyanoacrylates are Krazy Glue and Super Glue, two household adhesives
with incredible strength. Interestingly, copolymers of polyethylene glycol- for poly{[α-maleic anhydride-ωmethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)]modified maleic anhydride and ethyl cyanoacrylate have been used in the co-(ethyl cyanoacrylate)} used
to fabricate polymeric
fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles designed for transdermal drug
nanoparticles.
delivery.27 Figure 4 contains the structure for poly{[α-maleic anhydride-ω6
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methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)]-co-(ethyl cyanoacrylate)}.29,30
As already mentioned, the key to any successful controlled release agent is that it releases the drug at
a controlled rate. Normally, permeation studies of drugs through skin are carried out with a Franz Diffusion
chamber (Figure 5). Ex vivo animal skin
(e.g., porcine or rat skin) is placed in the
upper portion of the diffusion cell and the
formula or delivery vehicle is placed on
top of the skin. As the pharmaceutical or
cosmetic active penetrates through skin it
arrives to the other side (dermis side) and
is dissolved in the receptor solution. Then,
the amount of drug that has traversed the
skin barrier is determined by taking
UV/visible spectra (assuming the drug
absorbs UV or visible light) at selected
time intervals.
Figure 6 provides a plot of the
Figure 6. Franz diffusion cell apparatus used for determining the
cumulative amount of the pharmaceutical
permeation of ingredients through ex vivo skin. Originally published in
K.W. Kim et al., Tetrahertz dynamic imaging of skin drug absorption. agent, D,L-tetrahydropalmatine, that has
Opt Express 2012, 20, 9478-9484. Reprinted with permission from the crossed the skin barrier after treatment
Optical Society of America, copyright (2012).
with nanoparticles based on poly{[αmaleic anhydride-ω-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)]-co-(ethyl cyanoacrylate)}. It is nearly a linear release
of the drug, which is the desired effect.
Another instructive example is the incorporation of Dead Sea minerals in nanoparticles made of
poly(maleic anhydride-alt-butyl vinyl ether) in which 5% of the maleic anhydride portion is grafted with
poly(ethylene glycol) (MW=2,000) and 95% grafted with 2-methoxyethanol.28,31 Dead Sea minerals are
commonly used for the treatment of skin ailments such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Such nanoparticles
are made using a mini-emulsion/solvent evaporation process.
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Figure 6. Typical data obtained from the Franz diffusion cell
apparatus to determine the permeation of ingredients through
ex vivo skin. In this particular case, skin was treated with poly
{[α-maleic anhydride-ω-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)]-co-(ethyl
cyanoacrylate)} nanoparticles containing the pharmaceutical
agent, D,L-tetrahydropalmatine. Originally published in J. Xing,
L. Deng, J. Li, and A. Dong, Amphiphilic poly {[α-maleic anhydride-ω-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)]-co-(ethyl cyanoacrylate)}
graft copolymer nanoparticles as carriers for transdermal drug
delivery. Int J Nanomed 2009, 4, 227-232. Reprinted with permission from Dovepress, copyright 2009.
Concluding Remarks
Transdermal drug delivery is an important mode of treatment in the practice of medicine. It is a growing
field with much potential as an alternative to oral delivery and hypodermic injections. Patch systems continue
to play an important role in the delivery of pharmaceutical actives to targeted sites of action. Some recent
advances in this field consist of the use of microneedles and nanoparticles to traverse the stratum corneum
barrier. Polymers based on maleic anhydride chemistry have played a major role in these developments. In
the traditional transdermal patch system, poly(methyl vinyl ether–maleic acid) acts as the chief constituent of
the hydrogel that houses the pharmaceutical active. Further advances are based on the use of microneedles,
which are fabricated with poly(methyl vinyl ether–maleic acid) hydrogels. Finally, nanoparticles made with
copolymers of polyethylene glycol-modified maleic anhydride and ethyl cyanoacrylate offer an innovative
approach to delivery of active ingredients to skin.
References
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20. K. Shroff, and A. Vidyasagar, Polymer nanoparticles: newer strategies towards targeted cancer therapy. J Phys Chem
Biophys 2013, 3:125. doi: 10.4172/2161-0398.1000125.
21. K. Soppimath, T. Aminabhavi, A. Kulkarni, and W. Rudzinski, Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as drug delivery
devices. J Control Release 2001, 70, 1-20.
22. S. Guterres, M. Alves, and A. Pohlmann, Polymeric nanoparticles, nanospheres and nanocapsules, for cutaneous
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applications. Drug Target Insights 2007, 2, 147-157.
23. P. Arbós, M. Arangoa, M. Campanero, and J. Irache, Quantification of the bioadhesive properties of protein-coated
PVM/MA nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2002, 242, 129-136.
24. EP 1 369 110 A1. P. Arbós Vila, and M. Merodio de la Quintana, Production of nanoparticles from methyl vinyl
ether copolymer and maleic anhydride for the administration of hydrophilic pharmaceuticals, more particularly of
puric and pyrimidinic bases. 2002.
25. EP 2,510,930 A1. H. Salman, and I. Goñi Azcarate, Nanoparticles comprising half esters of poly(methyl vinyl etherco-maleic anhydride) and uses thereof. 2012.
26. US 2007/0,224,225 A1. J. Irache Garreta, C. Gamazo de la Rasilla, M. Sanz Larruga, M. Ferrer Puga, B. San Roman
Aberasturi, H. Salman, S. Gomez Martinez, and J. Ochoa Reparaz, Immune response stimulating composition
comprising nanoparticles based on a methyl vinyl ether-maleic acid copolymer. 2007.
27. J. Xing, L. Deng, J. Li, and A. Dong, Amphiphilic poly {[α-maleic anhydride-ω-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)]-co(ethyl cyanoacrylate)} graft copolymer nanoparticles as carriers for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Nanomed 2009,
4, 227-232.
28. A. Dessy, S. Kubowicz, M. Alderighi, C. Bartoli, A. Piras, R. Schmid, and F. Chiellini, Dead Sea minerals loaded
polymeric nanoparticles. Colloid Surf B: Biointerfaces 2011, 87, 236-242.
29. L. Deng, C. Yao, A. Li, and A. Dong, Preparation and characterization of poly {[α-maleic anhydride-ω-methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)]-co-(ethyl cyanoacrylate)} copolymer nanoparticles. Polymer Int 2005, 54, 1007-1013.
30. Y. Zhai, Y. Qiao, C. Xie, L. Lin, Y. Ma, A. Dong, and L. Deng, Preparation and in vitro release of D,L-tetrahydropalmatineloaded graft copolymer nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2008, 110, 3525-3531.
31. F. Chiellini, A. Piras, M. Gazzarri, C. Bartoli, M. Ferri, L. Paolini, and E. Chiellini, Bioactive polymeric materials for
targeted administration of active agents: synthesis and evaluation. Macromolec Biosci 2011, 8, 516-525.
COMMITTED
TO TECHNOLOGY
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AND SUPERIOR
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DISTRIBUTION.
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About the Author
Nature’s Science.
R
oger is a Principal Scientist in the Materials Science Department at Ashland
Specialty Ingredients. He received a B.S. in Chemistry from Saint Vincent College
and completed a Ph.D. in Biophysical Chemistry at Seton Hall University. Roger
has over 18 years of experience in the Personal Care industry, having worked in many
facets of product development and claims substantiation leading to the commercial
launch of new technologies. His work and professional activities reflect his dedication
and service to the personal care industry with specialties in imaging and optical
techniques used in conjunction with image analysis to quantify various properties of
hair and skin, spectrofluorescence of hair and skin, mechanical measurements of personal care substrates,
and various aspects related to the use of antioxidants and other active ingredients in skin care. Roger actively
speaks at international conferences and is the primary author of over 25 peer-reviewed book chapters and
journal articles. He is also the author of the book, Antioxidants and the Skin, published in 2013. For the past
eight years, Roger has been the editor of the monthly periodical, Cosmetiscope, of the New York Chapter of
the Society of Cosmetic Chemists. He is also an Adjunct Professor at Fairleigh Dickinson University, where
he teaches Biochemistry to students in the Cosmetic Science Master's program. Prior to pursuing a career in
science, Roger served in the U.S. Navy onboard the vessel, USS YORKTOWN (CG 48).
Our Technology.
Your Beauty.
www.ajiaminobeauty.com
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Call for Papers
T
he Cosmetiscope editorial committee invites all interested parties to submit feature
technical articles for publication in the NYSCC monthly newsletter. Authors of
feature articles are eligible to win the prestigous NYSCC Literature Award
($1,000) for the best front-page article published during the calendar year. Also,
authors receive $200 reimbursement to attend a theatrical performance of their choice.
Writing an article for your peers is a very rewarding experience, both personally and
professionally, and would reserve your place in NYSCC history. You may choose whatever
topic you feel would be interesting to fellow colleagues in our industry. We also
welcome any other types of commentaries or articles that may be published in the
Career Corner, Technical Tidbit section, or as a Letter to the Editor.
Please send correspondence to: [email protected].
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Upcoming 2015 NYSCC Events Calendar
Processing Services
for dry powders
Fine & Ultra Fine Milling
Technologies for Bases,
Face Powders, and Pigments.
FDA Registered.
The Jet Pulverizer Co.
®
800.670-9695
www.jetpulverizer.com
[email protected]
• For updated NYSCC information, visit us on the web at: www.nyscc.org
• For National SCC information: www.scconline.org
March 13
Museum Event, The Jewish Museum, New York, NY
March 19-20
Rheology Class, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ
April 7
NYSCC Monthly Meeting, Fragrance Chemistry, The Bethwood, Totowa, NJ
May 11
India Seminar, Renaissance Hotel, Iselin, NJ
May 12-13
June 10
August TBD
September 18
September TBD
September 29
October 24
November 11-12
November TBD
December 10
Suppliers’ Day, Edison, NJ
NYSCC Monthly Meeting, Green Chemistry, Aqua Azul Yacht, Weehawken, NJ
NYSCC Golf Outing, Location TBD
Culinary Event, Midtown Loft, New York, NY
NYSCC Workshop, Location TBD
Safety and Regulatory Workshop, Location TBD
NYSCC 60th Anniversary Party, Glennpoint Marriot, Teaneck NJ
NYSCC Color Cosmetics Symposium, Location TBD
NYSCC Board Transition Meeting
NYSCC Social Media Holiday Party, New York, NY
Upcoming
2015 Industry Events
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Personal Care Products Council 2015 Annual Meeting
• February 22-25
Palm
Beach,
FL
•
More
info:
www.personalcarecouncil.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cosmoprof Worldwide Bologna 2015
• March 20-23
Bologna,
Italy
•
More
info:
www.cosmoprof.com
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Face & Body Midwest Spa Conference and Expo 2015
• March 21-23
Chicago,
IL
•
More
info:
www.faceandbody.com/midwest
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In-Cosmetics 2015
• April 14-16
Barcelona,
Spain
•
More
________________________________info:
______www.in-cosmetics.com
_________________________________________________________________________________
HBA Global
• June 9-11
New
York,
NY
___________________•
___More
_______info:
______www.hbaexpo.com
____________________________________________________________________________________
In-Cosmetics Korea 2015
• June 15-16
Seoul,
South
Korea
•
More
info:
_________________________________________www.in-cosmeticsasia.com/in-cosmetics-Korea
______________________________________________________________________________
C&T Summit
• June 22-23
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
More info: http://summit.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com/register/
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Rhodia is
now Solvay
Still offering exceptional
products & service
New Products
Miracare® GBC
The clear choice for
tear-free, Ethoxylate-free
baby cleansing
Gran Via
Barcelona
Rheomer® 33T
Higher clarity suspending
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April 14-16, 2015
Contact: 888-776-7337
[email protected]
More info: www.in-cosmetics.com.
89th ACS Colloid & Surface Science Symposium
Carnegie Mellon University • Pittsburgh, PA
June 15-17, 2015
For more info: http: www.colloids2015.org.
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA
June 22-23, 2015
More info: http://summit.cosmeticsandtoiletries.com
GORDON RESEARCH CONFERENCE
Barrier Function of Mammalian Skin Defining,
Investigating and Surmounting the Barrier
August 16-21, 2015
Waterville Valley Resort
Waterville Valley, New Hampshire
More info: www.grc.org
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BOTANICAL
EMOLLIENTS
& SPECIALTY
PARTICLES
24/7 Online
Ingredient
Information:
www.floratech.com
Label
The Natural Solution
®
i
In the New York
SCC Region:
DWI Leibniz-Institut für Interaktive Materialien
HairS’15
19th International Hair Science Syposium • Trier, Germany
September 2-4, 2015
Essential Ingredients
Michael Manning
201.576.9382
[email protected]
Call for Papers – End of DECEMBER 2014
Abstract Submission
Proposals for oral/poster presentation (1 page max.)
should be sent to [email protected] by March 27, 2015.
Symposium Fee
Early bird fees for registration and payment by August 1, 2015 are:
• 770€ for participants
• 590€ for DWI member companies
• 330€ for speakers (one presenting author per oral presentation,
no reduction for poster authors)
The Soul & Science
of Beauty.
www.evonik.com/personal-care
Fee includes meals, coffee breaks, excursion, conference dinner, book of abstracts, and conference proceedings.
For more info: www.dwi.rwth-aachen.de.
Inspire
Imagine
Innovate
The US Society of Cosmetic Chemists hosts the 29th IFSCC Congress
O
NE
WF
RONTIERS
OND DREAM
SI
NT
October 23-26, 2016
Lake Buena Vista, Florida
BEY
Walt Disney World Dolphin Resort
29TH CONGRESS
O R L A N D O, F L 2 016
INS PIRE IMAGINE INNOVATE
Beyond Dreams into New Frontiers: Inspire, Imagine, Innovate
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Helena Rubinstein:
Beauty Is Power
Friday, March 13, 2015
H
The Jewish Museum
elena Rubinstein was a legendary cosmetics entrepreneur whose
ideas challenged and changed the myth of feminine beauty. This
exhibit is devoted to her life and art collection, and presents a
strong female perspective on 20th century visual culture. She introduced
new and different standards of beauty, and exhorted women to control
their own image though makeup and grooming.
Today, the term “beauty salon” is limited to a hair dresser or day spa. However, Rubinstein’s salon was
designed as a place where women could learn not only how to improve their looks, but also how to
reconceive their standards of taste, and to understand design, color, and art to express their own personalities.
Location: The Jewish Museum, 1109 5th Ave. (at 92nd Street), NY, NY
Time: Guided tours at 1:00 pm and 2:00 pm. Each group limited to 20 persons.
Cost/Registration: • NYSCC Pre-registered Member $85.00
• Pre-registered Non Member $105.00
• Emeritus / Students Pre-registered $40.00
• Emeritus at the door $75.00
• At The Door $120.00
Register online by visiting the NYSCC website at www.nyscc.org.
• Limited to the first 40 people.
• Price includes: Guided Tours of “Beauty is Power.”
• General Admission to the museum.
• Discount coupons for the museum store.
• Bus Transportation from New Jersey.
• Validated parking for cars parked at private garage.
• Late lunch or early dinner.
Registration closes February 27th. For more information: https://nyscc.org/event-calendar/
Employment Opportunities
For complete ads please go to the NYSCC website: https://nyscc.org/employment/employment-listings/
n Senior Scientist – Cleansing Platform
Johnson & Johnson, Skillman, NJ
n Product Development Associate
StriVectin, New York, NY
n Senior Applications Specialist – Personal Care
Inolex, Inc., Philadelphia, PA
n Marketing Associate
TRI-K Industries, Denville, NJ
n Cosmetic Chemist
Verla International, Ltd., New Windsor, NY
Make note of it…
Send news of interest, guest editorials, and comments to
Roger McMullen, Editor • E-mail: [email protected]
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