PDF - English River First Nation

Honi/Acimowin/News
Issue 7
Good Governance
October 2015
Message from the Chief and Council
Summer has passed and it was a very busy time for Chief and Council.
Fall is now upon us, and it is still very busy. Summer was not only a
busy time for Chief and Council but it was busy for members too.
The Saskatchewan First Nation Indian Summer Games were held at
Ochapowace First Nation near Whitewood in August. Athletes from
English River First Nation (ERFN) participated in the games as part of
the Meadow Lake Tribal Council Team. The 31 athletes representing
ERFN along with chaperones, cooks, drivers and parents made the trip
and camped during the games. The team included men and women,
youth and Elders and the Elders talked to the youth of ERFN about a
number of topics, including how to be a respectful teammate and representative of our community.
The summer Youth Conference was held in Patuanak as was the Family
Gathering at the Beach during the middle of August to bring all members together. The Family Gathering began with a canoe journey starting from Beauval with three canoes full of youth, adults and Elders that
made the three day journey. A group of youth, adults and Elders biked
from Meadow Lake for suicide awareness and that is how they began the
seven days of recovery with healing, information and presentations.
The Youth Conference was planned by Dale Apesis and with the support
of Lee Roy Laliberte and his team called the BURN Unit and our health
team the event was well attended. The youth attending really enjoyed
themselves and were from communities such as Beauval, Birch Narrows
Dene Nation, Flying Dust First Nation, and La Plonge. A special thank
you to the volunteers who performed services such as cooking, fire
protection and security.
The evacuation of members at Patuanak in July was a difficult time for all,
and the Council and I would like to thank all the members for their cooperation and patience during this time. Those amongst the administration
staff of ERFN who assisted during this difficult time also deserve a thank
you for their efforts.
The entire English River First Nation was saddened to learn of the
passing of Senator Frank McIntyre on Sept. 30, 2015. Senator McIntyre
was a champion of Treaty Rights
and worked for many years for the
ERFN. The Council and I would like
to provide our condolences to the
family of Senator McIntyre.
There were a number of pilgrimages
that ERFN members attended this
summer including the Lac St. Anne
Pilgrimage held July 18 to 23, and the
Father Louis Moraud 50th Annual
Pilgrimage held at Patuanak. The
Elders who attend the Lac Ste. Anne
Pilgrimage enjoyed attending and
sleeping in the comfort of hotels
Chief Marie Black
rather than camping.
The replacement of the roof at St.
Louis School has proceeded well thanks to Alphonse Janvier and the other officials at the school, including the new principal Doug Roy. Councillor Russ Black has had a busy summer trying to keep pace with all the
infrastructure improvements that have been occurring over the summer.
Members of the Council and I would like to thank all those members
who participated in the Land Designation Vote held at the end of July.
The votes were successful on the three ballots. The votes involved
leasing at Beauval, Cable Bay, Cree Lake, and Porter Island, and leasing
pre-reserve at Slush Lake and sub-surface leasing at Slush Lake. Thanks
to Cheyenna Campbell, the ERFN Lands and Resource Officer for all the
work she did on the designation vote.
The annual Gathering at the Beach held in the latter part of August
was successful due to the large number of members who attended and
participated in the activities. Councillor Joey Paul was pleased with the
turnout and his efforts organizing the event are appreciated by all.
I was on the cover of the June 2015 issue of SASKBUSINESS, the Saskatchewan Business Magazine. This issue focused on Aboriginal Business
and inside was an article on the relationship between seven of the Athabasca communities and the communities of Pinehouse and English River
First Nation. The article provided coverage of the group’s trip to Ottawa
to meet with federal government ministers and senior officials that occurred in May. The article heightened the awareness of the relationship
ERFN has with Cameco and AREVA and tells our side of the story.
Speaking of business, English River First Nation has been nominated for
the Cando Community Economic Developer of the Year Award. This
nomination bodes well for ERFN as it further increases the profile of
ERFN in the business world. The winner of the award will be announced
by the end of October.
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Opening Ceremonies: (left to right) Shelley Janvier, Treyah Black, Rod
Apesis and Try Maurice with (front) Kaya Drabinasty of English River First
Nation participated in the opening ceremonies for the Meadow Lake Tribal
Council’s Team at the Saskatchewan First Nations Summer Games held at
Ochapowace Nation.
Inside
Meet the staff of ERFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
ERFN moving ahead on Good Governance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Working with our people is satisfying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
A long-time proponent of Education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
La Plonge Community- “Akamsihk/Tuk’aldésche”. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Many projects on the go means a busy time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Community health and wellness is important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Advocating for economic development continues . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Avid supporter of sports and recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Elder Senator Francois (Frank) McIntyre passes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
A message from the new ERFN Auditors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Community Trust is producing benefits for members . . . . . . . . . 7
New Fire Truck Ordered: A new fire truck, similar to the one pictured
here, has been ordered by the English River First Nation and is expected to
arrive next year just before summer. The fire truck chassis is a Freightliner six
person unit. Fort Garry Fire Trucks of Winnipeg, the premier builder of fire
trucks in Canada is building the machine.
Details on voting for Chief and Council. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Candidates for Oct. 26, 2015 Election for Chief and Council. . . . 8
Land Designation Vote successful. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
St. Louis School Calendar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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Although the number of other communities competing for the award is
small, ERFN is facing stiff competition from other communities who also
have been nominated.
I had the pleasure of attending the Saskatchewan First Nations Women’s
Commission First Annual Awards Gala Dinner held in Saskatoon in early
September. The Gala Dinner was attended by more than 400 people, and
ERFN sponsored the Education Award. I presented the Education Award
to Dr. Kim Mckay McNabb and the Health and Wellness Award to Dr.
Shannon Gattrell. Events honouring First Nations Women are a good
way to profile the successes of First Nations women that are occurring on
a regular basis.
The Meadow Lake Tribal Council on behalf of the nine Meadow Lake First
Nations continues with the Education Renewal Initiative which is examining
the Education Program. This is an important initiative, and as I am chair of
the Meadow Lake First Nations Education Advisory Board I have taken a
keen interest in this process. When developments occur I will ensure our
members are informed. This Council and I firmly believe in the benefits of
education as we believe it leads us from dependence to independence.
Meet the staff of ERFN
This is the fifth entry in a series of articles on the staff at English River
First Nation. In this article we are introducing Caesar Gunn, the maintenance worker and water treatment operator at La Plonge Reserve.
An important employee at La Plonge
If you are one of the members who live in one of the houses on the La
Plonge Reserve you have probably met Caesar Gunn, the maintenance
worker and water treatment operator in the community for the English
River First Nation (ERFN). Mr. Gunn says he is always busy, whether it is
summer or winter.
Mr. Gunn started working for the ERFN in June 1996 on the La Plonge
Reserve. He has always worked at La Plonge and is responsible for maintaining about 45 houses and two community buildings, the Old Mission
School and the La Plonge Community Centre. Mr. Gunn says of the
houses at La Plonge about nine are older models built before 2000 with
the remaining 36 being newer models having been built since 2000.
The main repair issues with the houses are plumbing and heating problems
according to Mr. Gunn. “The plumbing problems focus mostly on leaking faucets and malfunctioning toilets and the heating problems are mostly
oil or propane furnaces that have stopped working,” says Mr. Gunn. “I
perform other maintenance tasks like painting and minor carpentry work
and I have to continually check on all the community buildings and the
old school.”
“There are more repairs on the furnaces in winter because they are used
more,” Mr. Gunn said. Mr. Gunn works on both the oil and propane
furnaces but he is not trained to repair propane furnaces. On the oil
furnaces, he performs tasks such as lighting the pilot light, and doing small
repairs like changing parts, adjusting electrodes or switching fuel filters.
Mr. Gunn talks about all the improvements that have been done at the
community building and describes in detail the new kitchen on the main
floor, the establishment of the thrift store to resell items to raise money
for the community, and the fact that the building is now accessible to all
members since it was modified for wheelchair access.
During summer, Mr. Gunn is responsible for cutting grass at Mission Hill
and performing maintenance work at the graveyard. He notes that the
graveyard was refurbished this year with new fencing.
Although Mr. Gunn works by himself, he says that after all these years he
is used to working alone. He knows the majority of community members by name because of his work and volunteer activities. Mr. Gunn is
passionate about recreation for youth and is involved in sports activities
for young people both on and off-reserve. Such activities include senior
baseball, slow-pitch baseball and volleyball. Other activities that he assists
with include the Beauval slow-pitch 17 years and under ball team, and in the
winter he works on keeping the outdoor skating rink in top condition by
scraping the ice and flooding the rink.
Mr. Gunn received training for Reserve Maintenance and to be a Water
Distribution Facility Operator through Indian Affairs and Northern Development Canada, now called Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development
Canada. Mr. Gunn works at the water treatment plant in the mornings
performing tasks each and every day from 8:30 am to noon. His work
at the plant includes adding chemicals, checking water quality, performing
cleaning at the plant and other maintenance tasks. He is also responsible
for the maintenance of the two cell sewage lagoon.
Mr. Gunn also has his level one and two carpentry certificates from
Northwest Regional College in Meadow Lake.
A message that Mr. Gunn has for members in La Plonge is to check the
oil, propane and wood levels before winter, and to check around their
2
All members should be aware that EFRN is the first community within
the Meadow Lake Tribal Council to conduct its upcoming election under
the new First Nations Elections Act which will increase the length of the
term to four years from two years. Increasing the length of the term for
the Chief and Council will allow First Nation Governments to plan and
manage projects much more effectively and efficiently.
In closing, the Council and I would like to remind all members about the
upcoming election occurring on October 26, 2015. All members are
encouraged to exercise their democratic right and vote.
There is lots of information in this newsletter on a number of subjects
including an update on the Collaboration Trust Agreement and on the
ERFN 2014-2015 Audit.
Sincerely,
Chief Marie Black
houses to see if there are
any gaps in the stucco or
wood where rodents could
enter or wind could blow
in creating drafts inside the
house.
Mr. Gunn is the father of
four boys. His children
were one of the reasons
he has always been involved in sports. A sports
fan, Mr. Gunn hopes that
his cheers for the Edmonton Oilers will help them
do better this year. He
also wants, along with
many other Canadians, for
the Toronto Blue Jays to
La Plonge Maintenance Worker and Water
win the World Series.
Treatment Operator Caesar Gunn
He believes sports are a
good way to communicate with children and he likes helping members
with their maintenance issues. Through working with members he
can help communicate good tips regarding home maintenance and if
some members can prevent or take care of some home maintenance
themselves, it means he has more time for other members with larger
maintenance issues.
ERFN moving ahead on Good Governance
Good Governance is the term given to a process that an organization
undertakes to put in place measures that enhance accountability and
transparency to the clients it serves. In the case of First Nations, Good
Governance means developing policies and procedures and implementing
these within First Nations to support strong, effective, and sustainable
governments. Most often, Good Governance means having in place measures that support accountability and transparency to the members that a
First Nation Government serves.
English River First Nation (ERFN) has embarked on the path towards
Good Governance and has been working at arriving at a consensus on
measures that will provide a strategic vision for the community during the
next five to ten years. According to Melvina Aubichon, the band manger,
Good Governance means developing and implementing procedures and
policies that provide fair and equal services to all members.
“At English River First Nation we are examining all aspects of Good Governance and making decisions on what we need to put in place so we can
move forward in this area,” said Ms. Aubichon. “Members need to know
what the vision is for our community, and they need to be familiar with
what the mission statement is for EFRN.”
According to Ms. Aubichon, Good Governance should be compared to
a tool box which is full of tools. Some of these could be new travel forms
like a travel authority and a travel claim, or a revised housing policy or
strategic plan for Health. “At English River First Nation we will develop
the tools we need which will relate to our own circumstances and situation,” she said. “The concept of Good Governance will cover every aspect
of what we are doing for members, relating to all programs and services.”
Staff at ERFN are supportive of such an approach. “All staff are aware of
the First Nations Financial Transparency Act, and each believes they have
a role to play in implementing this legislation at ERFN,” noted Ms. Aubichon. “Staff members understand that having policies and procedures in
place will enhance quality assurance and assist staff in performing their
responsibilities in more effective and efficient manner.”
The Chief and Council are supportive of Good Governance, especially
the portfolio holder, Councillor Bernie Eaglechild, who is responsible for
improving the organization structure which includes administration support, policies and procedures. “The Council sees the need for change and
understands the benefits of such an approach,” said Ms. Aubichon. “They
want to separate the political and administrative functions so each function
can perform separately, but in a cooperative manner.
The role of the staff is to implement the decisions made by the Council
and to make recommendations to the Council.”
One of the key benefits of using the Good Governance approach will be
unqualified audits in future years, when the policies and procedures are
put in place. This will promote the concepts of fairness and equality for all
members when delivering programs and services.
All staff members are involved in the process of Good Governance including front-line staff, middle managers, and senior managers. Ms. Aubichon
notes that the process of Good Governance will never end as circumstances change over time and laws are continually being revised. She points to
Working with our people is satisfying
“There is a repeating trend within the current English River First Nation
Council as these elected officials are similar to past Councils in that the
current Councillors are concerned about the membership and are willing
to work hard on their behalf,” said Chief Marie Black. “During the past
two years, this Council has accomplished much in so many areas.”
When thinking of the successes, Chief Black believes the developments in
education, post-secondary, and the trades training that have been offered
on-reserve at the English River First Nation (ERFN) are concrete examples
of building capacity at the community level. “The training offered on-reserve such as the preparation for employment training and renewing safety tickets, or the year one electrician program or the upgrading through
Northern College are concrete examples of how members are making the
most of such opportunities to gain employment,” said Chief Black.
Chief Black is a strong supporter of being open and transparent with the
membership. “A well informed membership is one of the fundamental
buildings blocks in a fully functioning democratic society,” she said. “As
a Council we have emphasized communicating with the membership using
our newsletter, radio station and website. We want the membership to
be informed, aware, and understand our activities,” she said.
According to Chief Black, it is important that the membership understand why the Council makes certain decisions. “Through creating an
awareness and educating the membership on the activities of the Council,
all of the Council believes that members will gain a greater understanding
of the role of the Council, and the work each Council member does on
behalf of the members,” she said.
Other steps that have been taken in the area of Good Governance are
separating the political side from the administration side. “As a Council
we have made the deliberate decision to hire staff based on merit who
have the skills and abilities to do the work that we as a Nation need doing,” said Chief Black.
Through moving towards Good Governance, ERFN will be able to have
great growth in the next few years. “As a Council, we are committed
to this and committed to putting the proper procedures and policies in
place,” she said.
“The progress on the Collaboration Agreement will benefit the membership for years to come,” said Chief Black. “ERFN is developing positive
relationships with industry leaders and is gaining a reputation in the busi-
A long-time proponent of Education
Gloria Apesis, the Vice-chief and Councillor of the English River First
Nation (ERFN), has the portfolio responsible for Education, Post-Secondary Education, Adult Basic Education, the Justice and Police Management
Board and the Day Care Program. She began her career as an elected
official in 1997 and since 2005 she has been on the Council continually.
Her background includes attending a post-secondary institution and working as a substitute teacher. From her experiences she has become a strong
believer in the benefits of education. She has been a powerful supporter
of First Nations controlling their own Education Programs. She sees firsthand how having an elementary school and a high school in a community
can be a huge advantage for everyone in the community whether they are
students, parents or grand-parents.
There are many advantages for students attending high school in their
own community according to Vice-chief Apesis. These advantages include
things such as cementing the family bond, allowing students to mature,
and allowing parents to be close to their children, providing guidance and
assistance when needed.
Vice-chief Apesis has worked closely with the staff of St. Louis School.
She believes staff at the school are dedicated to providing students at
the new First Nations Elections
Act as an example of a law that
will require First Nations who opt
in like ERFN to make changes to
keep up with the changes in law.
The membership is being informed
of the changes occurring in Governance through communication
efforts such as the newsletters,
website and directly at forums
such as community meetings.
Melvina Aubichon
Ms. Aubichon points out the
implementing Good Governance
does not cost money, as the work is often internal, such as developing
a new form or putting a new procedure in place to ensure that certain
standards are being met. She points out that ERFN is developing its own
model for Good Governance that is specific to the circumstances and the
conditions at ERFN.
ness world as being committed and
dedicated to our business vision of
creating employment opportunities
and wealth for our members.”
Chief Black mentions a few of the
projects that have moved forward
strictly because of the Collaboration Agreement, such as the
ambulance, the education activities,
contributing to infrastructure projects such as the fire hall and fire
Chief Marie Black
truck, and ready to move homes.
“Through efforts with our neighbours in the north, we have travelled to Ottawa to meet with various
senior officials, including ministers of the Crown, and made them aware
of our issues and priorities at ERFN,” said Chief Black. “ERFN is on their
radar, and we will be continuing discussions at the highest levels, meeting
with the leaders of industry and other governments to achieve the goals
of ERFN.”
“As a Council we have made the decision to reach out to our Elders and
our Youth,” she said. “I have enjoyed working with and developing relationships with the members of the Dene Drum Group and attending the
Northern Youth Conferences and pilgrimages with the Elders. We must
engage and work with all members to make our community better.”
“This Council believes it is important that our youth in Patuanak continue
our culture, customs and traditions and we think the cultural camps on
the Key Lake Road provide a valuable learning experience,” the Chief said.
“The cultural camps involve the Elders, the youth and volunteers in various activities that bring our members together. ERFN operates similar
camps for youth on the La Plonge Reserve.”
“There is still much work to be accomplished. ERFN needs many more
triumphs and there are many more potential endeavours for ERFN to
consider. As a Nation, ERFN has come far in the last few years, but
there is more that we can do as a collective to achieve our goals.”
“As Chief my responsibilities have been made much easier because of
steadfastness and the concept of teamwork that my fellow Councillors
bring to the job each and every day. When you learn to work as a team
and have similar thoughts on how to progress, you can reach your goals
with the support of the entire community.”
Patuanak with the best possible
education. She points out the improvement in the graduation rates
at St. Louis School have occurred
because of the input and support
of many individuals, particularly the parents and the students
themselves.
Etched in the deep trenches of her
mind was all the work it took to
finally get Aboriginal Affairs and
Northern Development Canada to Vice-Chief Gloria Apesis
agree to building the high school
on-reserve. “Many, many hours were spent by the Chief and Council at
the time to convince the department of the benefits of locating the high
school on-reserve,” said Vice-chief Apesis. “The school is the result of
that lobbying and it has had many positive impacts on the community,
especially in terms of greater success rate for graduates,” she said.
Looking back over the years and reading the names of those that have
graduated brings a smile to her face. She knows that the entire community is proud of all the graduates.
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All members of the Council are strong supporters of Education, and they
see the value in getting an education. Vice-chief Apesis thinks of Education in terms of the big picture, as she believes graduating from Grade 12
is just the starting point for advancing further. Students today she says,
“Have many options when considering pursuing a firm foundation for the
future.” She cites the various options for extended education, including
university, technical colleges and of course the trades. “The options for
students that are available in the area of trades have simply exploded in
the last ten years,” said Vice-chief Apesis.
In recent years, Vice-chief Apesis knows that the training that ERFN
has brought to the reserve has afforded more opportunities for members
to enter the trades. Such training has been in the following areas: Confined Space and Entry, Fall Protection, Fire Extinguisher, H2S Alive, Red
Cross First Aid/CPR and the Workplace Hazardous Materials Information
System. Such training offers members on their home reserve the ability
to renew their safety tickets which expire after three years.
Other training such as the Pre-employment Electrical Training program
has also been offered at ERFN during the last year. Plans call for other
types of training to be offered at ERFN. According to Vice-chief Apesis, members participating in such training have been successful because
they have not had to leave their community. “The family unit can stay
intact and it is cheaper for the members taking such training to do so in
their home community because their families are here, and they have the
support of many friends to draw upon if needed.”
Vice-chief Apesis credits many in the community for the successes in
Education that have been occurring at ERFN. With the education and
training being offered, and the job opportunities available in the north,
members can decide if they want to stay in the north after obtaining their
education in a university course or trade.
Recently the roof at St. Louis School was replaced, and Vice-chief Apesis
believes it is important to keep the school in good condition. “St. Louis
School has become the focal point of the community and many activities
are centered at the school,” she said. For example, this summer Summer
Literacy Day Camps were held at the school. “St. Louis School continues
to play an important role in the lives of members now and in the future,”
Vice-chief Apesis said. “Because all of the community appreciates and
knows the value of education. Education is important in our lives but
at the same time you must maintain your strong beliefs in our culture,
customs, language and tradition.”
La Plonge Cultural Camp: (right to
left) Willis Campbell, Nap Daigneault,
Nevaeh Misponas, Peyton Desjarlais and
Keistyn Wuttunee. The camp is owned
by Mr. Daigneault who teaches the
youth various skills. On this occasion,
Mr. Daigneault was showing youth how
to trap muskrats during the spring of
2015. The camp is located on the Pine
River located 15 miles from La Plonge
along Highway 918 leading to Patuanak.
Fire Hall Construction: Building of the
new fire hall is progressing well with the
exterior work to be completed prior to
winter arriving. The interior work will
be completed in the winter months so
that it will be ready to house the new
fire truck that will be arriving by May
of 2016.
La Plonge Community-“Akamsihk/Tuk’aldésche”
Angie Campbell has a long list of accomplishments that she has built up
during the last two years as the Councillor for La Plonge. What she is
most proud of is the ability to gather community members together and
creating venues for them to meet and participate in activities, whether it
is in the new gym in the community centre or at events such as potluck
suppers, a game of bingo or during Spring Fling Days. From the joint
discussion a wish list was created. She believes that she has completed at
least 80 percent of the items on the list with the remaining items requiring
more funding and planning before starting such large scale projects such as
additional housing and new infrastructure for the old clay pipes water lines.
One of her tasks was to find
funding for projects and in this
regard she believes she has been
quite successful. What has helped
considerably in completing projects
on the wish list is having the Tron
employees, Louie Wolverine and
his team of Blaine Apesis and Ryan
Campbell ready to physically tackle
the projects as they came along.
La Plonge Vegetable Garden: Councillor Angie Campbell and her nieces,
(top) Dailynn Wuttunee and Keistyn
Wuttunee at the garden.
The La Plonge Community Building
saw a number of upgrades such as
the wheelchair accessible ramp, community kitchen addition, and minor
renovations.
The kitchen addition has been
appreciated by all members according to Councillor Campbell. “We make use of all materials, nothing
goes to waste as we have such limited resources and supplies ,” said Ms.
Campbell as she notes, “Fred Campbell made the cupboards for the
kitchen from the plywood left over from constructing boxes to hold
the garbage cans.” Recently Mr. Campbell also completed a gazebo that
is located near the silver building which is much needed for traditional
cooking and preparation of such foods. He was assisted by some young
members of the community who were interested in learning some basic
carpentry functions including using power tools such as power screw
drivers. The assistants learned how to paint and applied paint to the
gazebo.
garden crop and then people brought different dishes of food from the
garden to sample at our community supper.
The establishment of a thrift store at the community centre will see the
money raised go towards activities for the youth. Many members are participating in this project by buying or donating items at the store.
Funding has been successful for the radio station at La Plonge and a tower
will be erected along with renovations to a building to serve as the radio operations studio. It is the next project to tackle according to Ms. Campbell.
Another important improvement was securing funding to purchase a new
van for La Plonge to transport members to various activities and events.
This was one of the most needed services for us.
Councillor Campbell is responsible for off-reserve members as part of her
portfolio duties and there have been accomplishments in this area, including communication with members through the website at www.erfn.net.
According to Councillor Campbell other services provided to off-reserve
members is recreational assistance of up to $1,000 per family and assistance
to for school supplies at $300 per child and annual Christmas functions as
a gathering time.
Ms. Campbell points out that there is much more to do as the Councillor
for La Plonge and Off-reserve Members, and she will continue to work
towards achieving more of the goals of the members that she is responsible for representing. She was grateful for the immense opportunity which
provided personal fulfillment and created positive relationships with people
at all levels and for working towards promoting a healthier and happier
community.
One of the completed projects is the establishment of a Fitness Centre
which is outfitted with many tools to promote fitness.
For the youth at La Plonge, cultural camps were established on the Pine
River Camp located 15 miles from La Plonge along Highway 918 that leads
to Patuanak. The most entertaining was the Language camp where youth
couldn’t speak English for the weekend and had to learn Cree and Dene
with the help of the language teachers. The land based Education model
has been the learning tool and basis for most of the camps.
Other projects that members are proud of include the graveyard maintenance and restoration and the community vegetable garden. Ms. Campbell notes that on the weekend of Sept. 19 the community harvested the
4
Father Louis Moraud 50th Anniversary Pilgrimmage at Patuanak: The 50th
anniversary of the Father Louis Moraud Pilgrimage was held in Patuanak in late
July and early August. The Pilgrimage was well attended. Elder Sarazine Ratt
of the English River First Nation who celebrated her 103 birthday attended
and met Archbishop Murray Chatlain of the Archdiocese of Keewatin-Le Pas.
Many projects on the go means a busy time
Currently there are many infrastructure projects in various phases of
completion and this has kept Councillor Russ Black quite busy. Some of
these projects are very important such as the building of a new fire hall or
replacing the roof at St. Louis School.
Of all the projects, Councillor Black is most proud of the fire hall that is
now being constructed. The outside walls of the fire hall are now constructed and according to Councillor Black the inside will be completed in
the colder months. “Members have waited a long time for a new fire hall,
one that will serve the community for years to come. Besides the building, ERFN has ordered a new fire truck which is expected to arrive in late
April or May of 2016,” said Councillor Black. “Besides the hall and the
truck, we have ordered new equipment such as breathing apparatus, clothing and boots. I know the volunteer firefighters are going to be excited
when the building is finished and we have the equipment here.”
“We are looking at some options for the current truck such as moving it
to the La Plonge Reserve,” said Councillor Black.
He said that 90 percent of the houses now have the smoke detectors installed. “This is a major improvement for safety reasons,” said Councillor
Black.
Another important project is replacing the roof at St. Louis School. The
roof is 75 percent completed and the main structure is back in place. “It
took a little longer than expected as the contractors faced some unexpected
issues,” he said. “It is best to take the time and do the job right.”
The radio station is operating with the new equipment and the taping
system to record and mix music will be fully functional soon according to
Councillor Black. He noted that the equipment is top of the line and should
make great audio recordings of the musicians who use this equipment.
The ready to move homes that were purchased and transported within
the last year are close to being ready for occupancy. “Power has to be
hooked up and the skirting has to be finished and that is about it,” said
Councillor Black.
Work has progressed on the renovations of existing housing. However,
Councillor Black points out that some
of the renovations are becoming quite
extensive due to problems that have
been uncovered. “It is comparable to
opening a can worms,” he said. “You
can’t see the extent of the problem
until you open it up, and when you
do, you have to fix it right and it takes Councillor Russ Black
much more time. Already the roofs of
more than 10 houses have been replaced.”
The curling rink is 90 percent completed and only the interior painting
has to be completed for the facility to be ready for the upcoming curling
season.
River North Construction of Prince Albert won all three tenders for the
curling rink, fire hall and roof projects. In an arrangement with the contractor, members have had some employment opportunities.
Councillor Black spends a fair amount of his time having discussions with
officials of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada (AANDC)
about the projects underway and those in the planning stages. At every opportunity Councillor Black pushes AANDC and advocates on behalf of English River First Nation (ERFN). He cites the talks with AANDC regarding
the new sub-division which is not slated until 2018. “Before the sub-division
can start, EFRN needs upgrades to the sewer and water treatment systems,”
he said. “Another project waiting for AANDC approval and money is
replacing the older water and sewer lines at La Plonge Reserve.”
“It is difficult to obtain commitments on dollars and strict timeframes on
projects from the officials at AANDC,” Councillor Black said. “However,
I just keep doing my job and talk to the officials and remind them of the
need at ERFN. That is all one can do, make sure the officials are aware of
the need.”
Community health and wellness is important
Councillor Bernie Eaglechild has held the portfolio of Community
Health and Wellness and the Internal Organization Structure during
the last two years. This portfolio has kept her quite busy as she is
concerned about the health and wellness of the members of the English
River First Nation (ERFN) and has worked hard to improve the well-being of its members.
Looking back at the accomplishments in her portfolio Ms. Eaglechild
firmly believes that she would not be successful without the support
of her fellow members of council. The decision to build the Great
River Health Centre was made by a group of council members, and this
measure showed good leadership according to Ms. Eaglechild.
Ms. Eaglechild believes all members of the current council should be
proud of the Great River Health Centre and the services that it is
delivering to members of the community. “A healthy community can
accomplish much and the emphasis of the Great River Health Centre
is to assist all members in getting healthy. We are trying to address
healthy minds and addiction issues and it will take a while but we are,
as a community, making progress,” said Ms. Eaglechild.
One of the priorities for Councillor Eaglechild is attempting to get
the province and the Keewatin Yatthé Regional Health Authority
(KYRHA) to agree to give authority to English River First Nation to
operate an ambulance service. Through the Collaboration Agreement
with Cameco and AREVA , an ambulance was purchased and equipped
for the community of English River First Nation at Patuanak. Lloyd
Williams, the northern primary care nurse at ERFN, was instrumental
in the community acquiring the ambulance. “We have a great team of
professionals at the Health Care Centre and Mr. Williams is just one
of a number of caring and dedicated professionals,” said Councillor
Eaglechild.
“Having an ambulance service located right here in Patuanak will be
a great benefit to all members of the community,” noted Councillor
Eaglechild. “Response times would be greatly reduced when the ambulance service is operational in Patuanak,” she said. “It would take much
less time to travel to Île-à-la-Crosse from Patuanak than it takes now as
the ambulance service is based at Île-à-la-Crosse. We provided training
here in the community in June of 2014 so that members of the community could become Emergency Medical Responders.”
Councillor Eaglechild mentions that finishing construction of the
health centre became an issue as the original contractor, Dowland
Construction, went broke just prior to completion of the centre. This
caused more work for the health care staff and Councillor Eaglechild as
she had to resolve a number of issues. Councillor Eaglechild and the
team at the health centre worked
hard to address any construction
problems and get them fixed.
Recently Councillor Eaglechild and
staff met with Alexander Campbell, the Regional Executive with
Health Canada for the Saskatchewan Region to discuss a number
of issues including the ambulance
issue, problems with the facility,
Councillor Bernie Eaglechild
and resources in the community. “Another issue that we talked about was the fact that the airstrip
doesn’t have a GPS system which is needed for the air ambulance to
land,” she said.
One area of community health that Councillor Eaglechild is concerned
about is community mental health. She believes that many First
Nations are experiencing the long term effects of the Indian Residential School (IRS) system. Survivors of IRS have adapted the abusive
behaviours learned from those residential schools, and this has caused
intergenerational trauma – the cycle of abuse and trauma from one
generation to the next. Councillor Eaglechild would like to see more
training in the area of addictions and finding ways to address awareness
especially for the younger generation.
Councillor Eaglechild’s portfolio includes Internal Organization Structure and in this area Councillor Eaglechild has noticed many changes in
the last two years. Changes to the administration side include hiring
a new band manager and a new office manager. Councillor Eaglechild
notes that hiring at ERFN is based on merit and the objective is to hire
qualified individuals.
Other improvements in this area have included developing a new
employee appraisal system, new forms for travel and following up on
the recommendations of the auditors working on the 2013-2014 audit.
Councillor Eaglechild believes good governance is very important, and
with the Council sharing that belief she knows that the key to success
for ERFN is to continue their good governance.
An important part of good governance is communication and Councillor Eaglechild points to a concerted effort by the Council and staff
to improve communication with the membership. “Accountability,
openness and transparency are key elements of good governance, and
in the long run, when the Council works on these features, they will
trickle down to the membership and the Council will be accountable to
the membership and the membership accountable to the Council.
5
Advocating for economic development continues
While Archie Campbell is the Councillor assigned the portfolio that
includes Economic Development, he says each member of the Council
is aware of the importance of economic development, and are supportive of him as he tries to create more business opportunties and
jobs for members. The other subjects that are included in Councillor
Campbell’s portfolio are Business Ventures, Claims and Treaty Land Entitlement, Forestry and Logging, Mining, Culture, Fishing, Gatherings,
Hunting, Language and Trapping. Looking back he says it has been
a busy period during the last two years with some major accomplishments.
“The restructuring of our main arm of business Des Nedhe Development is continuing and the main focus of Des Nedhe is to create jobs
for our members and to create wealth for our communities,” said
Councillor Campbell. “Locally in our communities, the Council supports business and is willing to support local entrepreneurs. However
the bottom line is that a business in our communities needs customers,
and if a business is providing a service the members want the business
usually will be successful. Right now in Patuanak we need a tireshop
and a car wash. These would be services that members want and need.”
As an example, Councillor Campbell discusses the Riverside Restaurant
owned by Tyler Apesis. “The restaurant is providing a service that
is in demand in Patuanak as workers do not have much time at lunch
and they can go to the restaurant for a quick meal,” said Councillor
Campbell. “The restaurant has been relocated to a prime location in
Patuanak and it now has a patio.”
Councillor Campbell mentions that the portage at Dipper Rapids, which
was destroyed by the wild fires this summer has now been replaced.
He says that the Council knew how valuable the portage was to members and acted quickly to have the burned portage replaced. Members
need the portage to easily access a land area to harvest game such as
ducks, moose and fish.
At the end of July a Land Designation Vote was conducted and it was
successful. Councillor Campbell thanks all members who participated
in the process by attending either informational sessions or voting.
“The successful vote means that members continue to have a say into
how our Treaty Lands are being
used,” said Councillor Campbell.
“Next time there is a vote,
I encourage more members to get
involved by voting and attending
meetings and workshops so that
they can become aware of what is
being proposed for the lands.”
As of the end of April of this
year English River First Nation has
selected about 11,500 hectares, or
more than 28,345 acres of land
Councillor Archie Campbell
under the Treaty Land Entitlement
Framework Agreement. “The
delay in converting the land selections rests with Aboriginal Affairs
and Northern Development Canada (AANDC) and I have been pushing
them to move all this land to reserve status,” said Councillor Campbell.
The construction work on the cultural camp located on Highway 914,
the Key Lake Road, at kilometre 160 is now completed. The land the
camp is located on will be reserve land once AANDC gets it converted to reserve status. The mess hall where food is prepared and the 18
bunk cabin with electricity and running water is winterized.
Councillor Campbell points out that the cultural camp is designed
to create an awareness amongst the youth about activities promoting culture and the traditional harvesting of berries, duck and moose
hunting and how these foods were prepared traditionally. He mentions
the name of August George who has operated a session at the camp
for students in the area of hunting, surival and trapping. “The meat is
distributed to the Elders, and the Council records this information so
that the Council can show it is not breaking the law,” he said. “The
camps are successful due to trainers such as Mr. George and others
and students who want to learn.”
“The other major reason for the cultural camp is to show industry
leaders that we are the protectors of our land, and that we continue to
live off the land when we can,” said Councillor Campbell.
Avid supporter of sports and recreation
Joey Paul firmly believes in the benefits of involving youth in organized
sports and recreational activities. According to Councillor Paul various
studies have outlined the benefits of having youth participate in recreational activities.
The benefits have been divided into various categories such as economic, environmental, personal and social benefits. Looking at just the
personal benefits, Councillor Paul describes some of the changes he’s
seen. He summarizes the benefits by explaining that participation in
recreation and sport activities can build a healthier lifestyle, help relieve
stress, build positive self-esteem, provide an understanding of how to
set goals and achieve them and helps prevent self-destructive behaviour.
Councillor Paul said participation in recreation and sport activities
means involving yourself in the community and learning key aspects
of citizenship such cooperation and teamwork, as well as setting and
achieving goals and making life-long friends. In summary, Councillor
Paul believes recreation creates opportunities for people to be active,
offering diverse and enjoyable ways to stay healthy. “In First Nation
Communities, it is important to stay healthy due to the number of
health issues facing First Nation peoples,” said Mr. Paul.
The portfolio Councillor Paul is responsible for is the Implementation
of New Sports, Multi-purpose Youth Centre, Recreation, Sports, Wellness, and Youth Development. Although the name of his portfolio
is lengthy, Councillor Paul sums it up to two words: Recreation and
Sports.
Councillor Paul has always had an interest in sports and they were a
big part of his life, especially when he young. He still participates in
many recreational sporting activities to this day.
According to Councillor Paul, accomplishments in his portfolio during
the last two years have occurred as the result of the support of his
fellow members on the Council, and because of the numerous community volunteers. One such volunteer is Alex George, who worked
together with Councillor Paul to start the under 21 years-of-age hockey team. “This past hockey season was very successful, as the team,
Under 21 Coyotes became the 2015 Champions,” said Councillor Paul.
Councillor Paul would like to say thanks to coach Darcy Lariviere
During the last two years, athletes from English River First Nation
(ERFN) joined the Meadow Lake Tribal Council team in participating
6
in both the summer and winter
games. “The athletes from ERFN did
very well and all were positive role
models for their community,” said
Councillor Paul. Three athletes from
ERFN attended the North American
Indigenous Games that were held in
Regina last July. The athletes were
Gage Don Campbell, Sidney McIntyre and Tiandra Wolverine, with
Ms. McIntyre winning gold and Ms.
Wolverine silver.
Councillor Joey Paul
Volleyball is one popular recreational
activity at ERFN and the number of members participating in beach
and indoor volleyball has increased during the last two years.
Another popular sport that Councillor Paul has promoted and supported at ERFN is minor hockey. In the 2014-2015 hockey season, 13
players 12 years-of-age and under played hockey.
This was the first time in four years that children this age got involved
in hockey and they won a tournament at Waterhen First Nation.
Councillor Paul would like to thank Coach Craig Aubichon and assistant coach Jason Aubichon
Councillor Paul is quick to point out that Aboriginal Affairs and
Northern Development Canada do not fund recreational activities. He
spends a lot of his time attempting to raise funds for recreational and
sports activities by approaching various firms hoping that they will
sponsor some activities.
Other activities that Councillor Paul has been involved include organizing Treaty Days and the summer and winter events, as well as events
held around Christmas. Councillor Paul says the 2015 Treaty Day was
well attended and there was great participation in the recreational activities held that day.
Councillor Paul would like to thank all the people who have helped
him in achieving success in his portfolio during the last two years. “I
learned a lot, and I enjoyed working with all, we made a good team,”
he says.
Respected and loved Elder Senator Francois (Frank) McIntyre passes
English River First Nation Elder Senator Frank McIntyre passed away
on September 30 at Île-à-la-Crosse at the age of 93 years. Senator
McIntyre was a member of the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian
Nations (FSIN) Senate since 1970. During the Treaty Elders Forum that
were held in conjunction with Treaty discussions with the Crown from
the late 1990s to the mid 2000s he shared his stories and his knowledge, which helped the FSIN tremendously.
Mr. McIntyre was born on August 3, 1922 at Dipper Lake attended
school up to Grade 4 in 1937. He spoke three languages, English, Cree
and Dene. He was married to his wife Beatrice for more than 55 years.
Elder McIntyre learned trapping in his early years and later travelled by
dog team. In the book, Voice of the Elders, Elder McIntyre told the
author, Marlene Millar, “I started worked for Resource people. I was
training them for trapping schools and fire schools.” Mr. McIntyre
fished, trapped, and made his own toboggans and snowshoes. In 1959
according to the book, Mr. McIntyre told the author he purchased his
first snow mobile with ten horsepower for $750 and he used it for ten
winters.
He became Chief and served during the years 1965 to 1969. During
this time, Chief McIntyre worked with the federal and provincial governments on projects such as the construction of an airstrip. Years
later, Mr. McIntyre served the membership again as a Councillor
between the years, 1983 to 1987. He has children have also served on
Council. Currently his daughter, Gloria Apesis, is the Vice-chief and
Councillor.
A wake for Elder McIntyre was held on Oct. 2, 2015 at the William
Apesis Memorial Hall. The funeral service took place on Oct. 5, 2015
at the St. Louis Roman Catholic Church in Patuanak. Mr. McIntyre
Frank McIntyre
was interred in the Patuanak Roman Catholic Cemetery. Many members attended as did a number of other dignitaries.
Predeceased by his Loving Wife: Beatrice McIntyre; First Wife: Helen Bell (1952); survived by six sons: Max (Jolene) McIntyre, Lawrence
(Celina) McIntyre, Leonard McIntyre, Frankie (Serena) McIntyre, David
(Roberta) McIntyre and Larry McIntyre; four daughters: Gloria (Jimmy)
Apesis, Terri (Tom) Roberts, Gina (Rob) Ludwig and Eva McIntyre;
stepdaughters: Elizabeth Misponas, Mary Jane John, Monique (Michael)
Wolverine and Marguerite McIntyre; sisters: Cecile Janvier, Monique
(Nap) Bouvier and Celine Morin; more than 50 grandchildren and 100
great grandchildren and numerous great great grandchildren.
On behalf of members, Chief and Council offer their condolences to
the family of Frank McIntyre.
A message from the new ERFN Auditors
By Murray Zaleschuk, CPA, CGA, with
MNP
We are excited to be appointed the new
auditors of the English River First Nation (ERFN) and are looking forward to
continuing our work in your community. At MNP, we work with a number
of First Nation Communities to provide
audit services and are pleased to now
count ERFN as one of them.
Murray Zaleschuk.
As your auditors, our job is to report
on the financial statements of ERFN
and report back to the members about
whether these statements fairly represent
the financial activities of ERFN.
English River First Nation has a financial statement audit completed
every year. The year for ERFN starts on April 1 and ends March 31 each
year. As your new auditors, we are examining the March 31, 2015 year
end.
As this is the first year of our involvement with ERFN, there is a
considerable amount for us to learn about your community. The more
we know about your community, the better job we are able to do. We
have been to ERFN the weeks of June 8 and June 24 to work on your
audit. While in your community, we meet with Council, management
and staff to learn about your community and also understand the financial processes of ERFN. During our travel to your community, as part
of the audit process, we examine the financial records.
We originally expected the audit would be completed by July 29. Because
the audit includes all activities of ERFN, there is a considerable amount
of information we require to have a “starting point” for this year’s audit.
It has taken longer than we anticipated to contact the many people and
businesses who we require assistance from in order to complete our work
I expect that next year’s audit will be completed earlier because we will be
more familiar with your community and your band manager and finance
staff will have been with ERFN for an entire year. We appreciate the
assistance provided by Council and the finance staff.
We are working hard to ensure your financial statement audit is completed by October 30. Once this is done we will present our report in
person to the membership at a meeting in your community. We look
forward to meeting all of you. Once again, thank you for appointing
MNP as your auditors.
Community Trust is producing benefits for members
By Lisa Ethans, FCA, CBV, CPA, CFF, Partner with Deloitte
Lisa Ethans
The Collaboration Agreement Community Trust has been in place for over
a year now and due to the committed
efforts of the trustees and Chief and
Council, much has been accomplished
in a short time. After establishing the
trust operating policies, procedures and
accountability frameworks, the Community Trustees, supported by Dailene Kells and Meghan Shannon from
Deloitte Wealth Management Services
LLP, have got trust operations up and
running.
After holding community benefit
consultation meetings in each of the English River First Nation (ERFN)
communities to seek members’ input on priorities and trust benefits,
the trustees developed a high level trust benefits allocation plan. The
amount of money available each year for benefits is determined by the
amount of funds coming from the Cameco/AREVA Collaboration
Agreement.
The allocation plan was then reviewed with Chief and Council. For each
priority area identified, members of Council and the director responsible for the relevant portfolio, with the assistance of Trust Chair Cheyenna Campbell, developed proposals specifying the details of how the
funds could be best used in that area for the benefit of the community.
The trustees then reviewed the proposals, and after ensuring sufficient monies were available, approved the proposals and forwarded the
required funds to ERFN administration to implement the project or
program. Chief and Council ensures the appropriate supporting documents and receipts are submitted back to the trustees showing that
the funds were spent in accordance with the project budget. In some
cases, Chief and Council found additional monies to add to the trust
monies for certain critical needs, such as housing renovations.
In addition to purchasing ten ready to move homes and completing
existing home renovations, a sports and recreation program was implemented in Patuanak, La Plonge, and for off-reserve members. This was
in direct response to community consultations where members identified it as a priority need.
With the Chief and Council and trustees working together, the community can look forward to seeing more benefits coming out of the
trust in the years to come.
7
Details on voting for Chief and Council
An election for the position of English River First Nation Chief and
Councillors will be occurring in October under the legislation known
as the First Nations Elections Act. This will be the first time eligible
voters of the English River First Nation will be electing their Chief and
Council under this legislation. The term for the Chief and Council will
now be four years instead of the previous two years.
The current Chief and Council encourage all eligible voters to exercise
their democratic right and vote.
Advanced Polling Stations
Friday, October 16, 2015 from 9 am to 8 pm, Saskatoon at Des Nedhe
Development, 301 Grasswood Road, Phone (306) 652-4989;
Saturday, October 17, 2015 from 9 am to 8 pm, Prince Albert Indian
Metis Friendship Centre 1409 1st Avenue East, (306) 764-3431;
Monday October 19, 2015 from 9 am to 8 pm, Île-à-la-Crosse Friendship Centre, Lajuenesse Avenue, (306) 833-2313; and
Tuesday October 20, 2015 from 9 am to 8 pm, La Plonge ERFN
Sub-Office, La Plonge Reserve, (306) 288-4417.
Election Day Polling Station in Patuanak
Monday, October 26, 2015 from 9 am to 8 pm, Patuanak at William
Apesis Memorial Band Hall
Important Note
Off-reserve members who wish to vote by mail but who have not yet
applied for a mail-in ballot should immediately call Gordon A. Alger,
Electoral Officer at 306-236-3249 or Rosalind Alger, Deputy Electoral
Officer at 306-240-7119. They will be able to help you obtain your
mail-in ballot.
Candidates for Oct. 26, 2015 Election for Chief and Council*
Candidates for Chief
Black, Marie
McIntyre, Lawrence (Labada)
Wolverine, Norbert
Candidates for Council
Apesis, Gloria J.
Apisis, Rodrick
Black, Edward
Black, H. Russell
Campbell, Angie
Campbell, Archie J
Campbell, Frankie
Dawatsare, Cecile
D’Jonaire, Peter
Eaglechild, Bernadette L.
McIntyre, Celina Marie
McIntyre, Max
Mispounas, Antoine (Tony)
Paul, Joey
Wolverine, Camelia Joy
Wolverine, Louis (Jr.)
Wolverine, Michael T. M.
Wolverine, Sandra,
Wolverine, Vern Joseph
* a t the deadline for accepting a
nominations on September 24,
2015
Gordon A. Alger
Electoral Officer
Phone (306) 236-3249
Land Designation Vote successful
On July 28, 2015, a Land Designation Vote was held. The voting
results were:
• 102 votes total;
•Ballot 1- Leasing (Beauval, Porter Island, Cable Bay Cree Lake)
95 votes Yes;
• Ballot 2- Leasing (Pre reserve at Slush Lake) 95 Yes; and
• Ballot 3- Sub-surface interest (Pre-reserve Slush Lake) 97 Yes.
The vote on all three ballots was approved by the eligible voters.
Upcoming Events
November 16
to 22
National Addictions Awareness Week
October
Breast Cancer Awareness Month
National Home Fire Safety Week
October 6,
2015 to June
2016
Adult Basic Education Bridging Program
November 23
to 29
October 17 to
23
National School Safety Week
October 19
Federal Election Voting William Apesis Memorial Band
Hall
October 26
Voting Day for ERFN Chief and Council
October 31
Halloween
Important Dates in First Nation History
November
Diabetes Month
Nov 1
Daylight Saving Time ends Clock change/Daylight Saving Time (Saskatchewan Stays Same)
October 7,
1763
Proclamation Recognizes Aboriginal Title and the Rights
of First Nations
November 11
Remembrance Day National Holiday
November 21,
1996
Report of Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
Tabled
November 5 to
11
Veteran’s Week
November 25,
2005
First Nations Oil and Gas and Moneys Management
Act Proclaimed
November 6 to
12
National Seniors Safety Week
November 25,
2005
First Nations Commercial and Industrial Development
Act Proclaimed
December
December 1
World AIDS Day
December 3
International Day of Disabled Persons
December 6
National Day of Remembrance and Action on Violence
Against Women In Canada
For further information, please contact:
8
English River First Nation
Box 30
PATUANAK SK S0M 2H0
ERFN La Plonge Sub-Office
Box 119
BEAUVAL SK SOM OGO
Toll-free 1-800-594-9925
Post-Secondary toll-free 1-800-905-7678
Health toll-free 1-877-396-2072
Phone (306) 396-2055 or (306) 396-2066
Fax (306) 396-2155
Phone: 306-288-4417
Fax 306-288-4678
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://www.erfn.net/
@Copyright ERFN 2015