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newsletter
January 2016 newsletter Ag PhD Agronomy Workshops Wouldn’t it be great if you could cut your expenses by 5 to 10 percent and watch your yields go up by 5 to 10 percent at the same time? Not only is that possible, we can absolutely help you do that if you attend each of our 3 big events, our free Ag PhD Agronomy Workshops, Soils Clinics, and Tiling Clinic. by BRIAN HEFTY [email protected] At our Agronomy Workshops, you will receive a free agronomy manual, and many ideas that will help your operation in 2016 and beyond. Our topics will vary depending on the location and the crops and pest issues in that area, but here are some of the things we’ll be discussing: • Roundup Ready 2 Xtend - where does it fit, and how can you have the greatest success with this new trait • What did we learn from last summer’s Ag PhD Field Day plots featuring yield champs in corn, soybeans, and wheat • 2015 Ag PhD and farmer research plot summaries • Which input expenses to cut vs. which to keep • Resistance issues – weeds, diseases, insects • Suggested pest control programs for 2016 in corn, soybeans, wheat, sunflowers, milo, cotton, rice, lentils, field peas, canola, and pasture • New pesticides & seed traits for 2016 and beyond • How can I repeat or improve on this past year’s good yields in corn and soybeans • Disease control/suppression for some of the worst problems we saw in 2015 including northern corn leaf blight, white mold, sudden death syndrome, pod & stem blight, and fusarium head blight • Cover crops – blends to maximize yields and potential disadvantages & benefits • iPhone & iPad apps you need At the conclusion of most of our workshops, we will be broadcasting our one-hour daily Ag PhD Radio Show live from our workshop venue. We invite you to join us for this and ask questions during the show. We will be giving away free Ag PhD merchandise during the radio show. Wednesday, January 6, 2016 – Bismarck, ND – Radisson (9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.) Wednesday, January 6, 2016 – Wolf Point, MT – The Elks (1:00 p.m. to 3:30 p.m.) Friday, January 8, 2016 – Watertown, SD – Convention Center (10:15 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Tuesday, January 12, 2016 – West Point, NE – Nielsen Center (10:15 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Wednesday, January 13, 2016 – Sikeston, MO – Miner Convention Center (10:15 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Friday, January 15, 2016 – Morton, MN – Jackpot Junction (10:15 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Monday, January 18, 2016 – Larchwood, IA – Grand Falls Casino (10:15 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Tuesday, January 19, 2016 – Mitchell, SD – Highland Conference Center (10:15 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Wednesday, January 20, 2016 – Twin Falls, ID – Canyon Crest (2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.) Friday, January 22, 2016 – Spencer, IA – Clay County Convention Center (10:15 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Tuesday, January 26, 2016 – Peoria, IL – Peoria Civic Center (10:15 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Wednesday, January 27, 2016 – Fargo, ND – FargoDome (10:15 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Friday, February 12, 2016 – Mesa, AZ – Convention Center (10:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.) Please pre-register online at agphd.com for any of our workshops or clinics. By pre-registering we can get you into the workshop much quicker when you arrive. Plus, it really helps us make sure we have enough agronomy books, food (at most locations), and seats for everyone. Even if you are not sure if you will be able to make it, please preregister anyway. Thank you! We look forward to seeing you this winter!! How fungicides work by DARREN HEFTY [email protected] As a long-time agronomist, I’ve heard all kinds of crazy claims over the years. If the claims come from the sales and marketing department, I take them with a grain of salt. If those claims come from the research and development people, it’s generally a different story. When it comes to fungicides, there are a few statements that can easily be misleading and need to be understood: #1 - “This fungicide has CURATIVE properties.” We’re used to seeing a weed, spraying that weed, and killing the weed. Same goes for bugs. If you’ve got a bug problem, you scout for the bug, then spray it, and see its dead carcass laying there in the field so you know you got the job done and protected your crop. With fungicides, it’s a completely different story. ALL fungicides work much better when sprayed in advance of any disease on your plants. Once a disease is visible enough for you to see it, chances are it’s too far gone and you have already lost yield. Also, if the disease has already started to destroy leaf tissue, you can’t fix that. Can you stop a disease that’s just getting started? Maybe, but only if it’s truly JUST getting going (like a 1 to 3 percent infection). #2 - “This fungicide TRANSLOCATES through the plant.” When you spray a foliar fungicide, don’t expect much movement. There are two transport systems in the plant. The phloem is one system which moves up and down bringing water and nutrients throughout the plant as needed. The xylem is the other and only moves up. Fungicides that actually get into the plant move in the xylem. If you spray a leaf, for example, and only spray a strip across the middle of the leaf, fungicide can move out towards the tip of the leaf but will not move back towards the stem. #3 - “A HALF RATE of a fungicide is all you need.” Brian and I say this all the time but there’s more to the story than just, “Can I use a half rate?” The real question is, WHEN can I do this and be successful? Where we most commonly recommend a half rate of a foliar fungicide is in crops that are very small and immature. For example, in wheat we often use a half rate of fungicide when spraying at herbicide timing. The wheat is only a few inches tall. Fungicide can only protect the plant when it lands and sticks You m a know y knowour ourproducts.... products …… may on the leaf surface. What good does it do to spray the same You rate you’d need on a waist high stand of wheat? The same NOW get to know US. Now get to know us. is true in soybeans. Our soybeans are often only about a foot tall and are in 30-inch rows when we spray them in the early reproductive stages. There’s no point using the same rate we’d use later on when the beans are fully canopied and have 5 to 10 times the plant mass. The other thing to keep in mind is that we farm in a fairly arid climate. If we were in Mississippi on a wet year with lots of humidity and heat, etc., we’d plan on using a stronger rate or even multiple • Incorporated in North America in 1969 • One of the top 11 global agricultural chemical manufacturers applications. Incorporated in North America in 1969 • $2• billion in global revenue SO WHAT’S THE PLAN TO MAKE FUNGICIDES WORK? • 29• One manufacturing facilities aroundchemical the globemanufacturers of the top 11 global agricultural • Use multiple modes of action to prevent resistance • Use plenty of water and spray pressure to cover the plant from top to bottom • Use flat fan nozzles or alternative nozzles that create small droplets to ensure excellent coverage • Spray early before disease gets started 2 January 2016 • Over 4,500 registrations • $2 billion in global revenue • 28 successful acquisitions in the past 20 years facilities around the globe • 29385 manufacturing • Over patents held • Over 10,000 employees • Over 4,500 registrationsworldwide For information, and learn about how to successful acquisitions in the to past 20 years • 28 more protect your crops held with UPI products, go to: • Over 385 patents WWW.UPI-USA.COM • Over 10,000 employees worldwide FOR MORE INFORMATION, AND TO LEARN ABOUT HOW TO PROTECT YOUR CROPS WITH www.agphd.com UPI PRODUCTS, GO TO: Can I cut my herbicide rate? One of the most popular questions I get every year is, “Can I cut my herbicide rate?” Here is how I usually answer this question. Yes, you can cut your herbicide rate in some situations. However, in other cases you may actually need a higher rate. Below are some of the factors you need to consider when answering this tough question. by BRIAN HEFTY [email protected] 1 WEED SUSCEPTIBILITY. If your herbicide is great on a particular weed, then your ability to cut the rate is much improved. On the other hand, if you’re dealing with a difficult-to-control weed, you probably need to bump your rate. 2 WHAT’S THE WEATHER LIKE? Herbicides perform best when weeds are actively growing. If you have had temperatures in the 70 to 80-degree range during the last few days, that’s great. If you have good soil moisture and good humidity, that’s even better. Most herbicides perform poorly when the weather is too cold or too hot or when the weather is too wet or too dry. 3 WEED SIZE. Most weeds are easiest to kill when they are very small. By that, I mean less than one inch tall. The bigger weeds get, the higher dose it usually takes to control them. 4 SPRAY COVERAGE. If you are using drift reduction nozzles, you are creating bigger droplets. That’s great for keeping your product from moving off-target, but the downside is reduced spray coverage compared to flat fan nozzles. Many herbicides move well in plants, but if you don’t get as much herbicide into the plant as you need to, you will not have a lethal dose to control that weed. 5 MORE CONCENTRATED DROPLETS. This is not true for all herbicides, but with products like Roundup I actually prefer less water in many cases. When you have the same amount of herbicide in two different tanks, but one has far less water, that means that each droplet you spray will now be more concentrated. If you have waxy-leaved plants or very small plants where you can only get a little bit on them before your spray runs off, the net result of using less water means those concentrated droplets deliver more herbicide into the plant. 6 SPRAY ADJUVANTS. Some spray adjuvants can improve herbicide performance dramatically, but they may burn your crop. For example, MSO (Methylated Seed Oil) helps weed control with many herbicides because it allows the herbicide to better penetrate through waxy leaf cuticles. If you want less leaf burn, you may go with NIS (Non-Ionic Surfactant) in some situations, but the weed control usually suffers slightly. 7 TANKMIX PARTNERS. Some herbicides have antagonism when mixed together. This is common when combining grass and broadleaf products. For best results using lower rates, spraying separately is generally the way to go. As you can see, there are a lot of factors that go into this. I also have to say that using labeled rates is generally a good idea if you want good weed control. While it is certainly possible to cut your herbicide rates, you need to consider the risk vs the reward. If you are trying to save $1, it’s probably not worth it. If you can save $10 per acre, I can certainly understand why you may want to try a lower rate. Before you cut the rate of any herbicide, we encourage you to visit with your agronomist to make sure you can still get the weed control and yield you expect. Saving $5 on herbicide and losing $20 in yield doesn’t make sense, but if you can save $5 and give up no yield, that’s a home run. www.agphd.com January 2016 3 UPCOMING 2016 EVENTS AG PHD TILING CLINIC Thursday, February 25, 2016 – Grand Forks, ND – Alerus Center (9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) • How to Work with Your Landlords, Neighbors, and Others • How to Talk to Non-Farmers About the Environmental Benefits of Tile • Learn About Drainage Law From Top Drainage Lawyers • Tile System Design with Brian & Darren • Private Consultant Wetland Determinations • NRCS Rules, Regulations & Wetland Determinations • AMW PipePro Software • Trimble Tile Plow Guidance Software • • • • Ag Leader Intellislope Lift Station Design and Implementation Sub-Surface Irrigation Using Tile Lines Ag Leader SMS: Importing Tile Lines and Tile Plan Design • See a Wide Array of Tiling Equipment and Talk to Industry Experts • Get Your Questions Answered During the Live Ag PhD Radio Show from 2 pm to 3 pm with Brian and Darren A G P H D F I E L D D AY Thursday, July 28, 2016 – Baltic, SD – Hefty Farm at 47669 252nd St, Baltic, SD (8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.) • See Research Plots • Hear from Great Speakers • Visit with Yield Champions from Across the U.S. • See the Newest Technology in Seed, Crop Protection, Fertilizer, Equipment, and More LEARN MORE ABOUT THE LARGEST FIELD DAY IN NORTH AMERICA AT WWW.AGPHD.COM More Information and Registration at INNOVATIVEFarmers Trust Agro-Culture Liquid Fertilizers Learn more at agroliquid.com Ag PhD Soils Clinics Last year you wasted money on fertilizer. You overspent on some nutrients and underspent on others. Your crop suffered from issues that were absolutely within your control. Has your fertilizer dealer ever said any of these three sentences to you? Whether he has or not, unfortunately each one of those statements is absolutely true for every farmer in the world. The real question is, are you ready to do something about it? by BRIAN HEFTY [email protected] I know that putting together your own fertility plan can seem scary at first, but think of the millions of dollars you will invest in fertilizer in your lifetime. If you improve your knowledge even a little bit on this subject, don’t you think you will earn more money, get higher yields, and of course, be able to brag more about those high yields to your neighbors while still telling the truth? Here is what you can expect to learn in one day with us at a free Ag PhD Soils Clinic: • • • • • How to pull a proper soil sample How to read a soil test from top to bottom How to make your own fertilizer recommendations How to make your own variable rate controller files so you can spread your own fertilizer How to determine which nutrients you are overspending on and which ones you need more of This sounds like a good deal, right? You learn all this stuff for free. You make lots more money. What’s the catch? There are four big reasons we put on our Ag PhD Soils Clinics: 1 Because it’s the right thing to do. We believe God put us on this earth to help farmers. We have the ability to help you and your farm operation, so that’s exactly what we’re going to try to do. 2 Because if fertilizer continues to be spread incorrectly as often as it happens today, you and I are going to face a lot more government regulations eventually. Maybe that’s not a big deal to you, but it certainly is to me. We feel that if we can help thousands of farmers do a better job with their fertility programs, maybe the government will continue to allow us to manage our farms how we see fit. 3 Because we hope that if you have a great experience at one of our Soils Clinics, you will be more likely to watch Ag PhD TV and listen to Ag PhD Radio. More viewers and listeners keeps us on the air. 4 Because this is one way we can say THANK YOU for watching Ag PhD TV (we have aired a brand new, half-hour show each week for almost 18 years now) and listening to Ag PhD Radio (heard daily on SiriusXM channel 147). AG PHD SOILS CLINICS SCHEDULE Tuesday, February 2, 2016 – Aberdeen, SD – Dakota Event Center (9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Wednesday, February 3, 2016 – Osage, IA – Cedar River Complex (9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Friday, February 5, 2016 – Granite Falls, MN – Prairie’s Edge Casino (9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Monday, February 8, 2016 – Spokane, WA – Northern Quest (1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m.) Wednesday, February 10, 2016 – Rapid City, SD – Hilton Garden Inn (9:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m.) Monday, February 15, 2016 – Larchwood, IA – Grand Falls Casino (9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Tuesday, February 16, 2016 – Great Falls, MT – Hilton Garden Inn (9:00 a.m. to 12:30 p.m.) Wednesday, February 17, 2016 – Murray, KY – Curris Center (9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Friday, February 19, 2016 – Rochester, MN – International Events Center (9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Wednesday, February 24, 2016 – Minot, ND – Grand Hotel Convention Center (9:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m.) Please pre-register online at agphd.com for any of our workshops or clinics. Thanks!! titanmachinery.com www.agphd.com January 2016 5 Modes of Action by DARREN HEFTY [email protected] Resistance management is becoming a big deal on farms today. I was recently at a presentation where the speaker said no new chemical family has been discovered since 1983 when Ronald Reagan was president. That’s a long time! Since it takes 10 to 15 years to get a new chemical family to market once it is discovered (and it appears no ag chemical manufacturer has anything in the pipeline right now), it looks like it’s going to be a while before there are any truly new herbicides. To help you protect and preserve the herbicides and other crop protection products we have today, we’ve developed the free Ag PhD Modes of Action app for your tablet or smartphone. The app allows you to pick the products you intend to use on the farm and put your total plan together. The mode of action of each product is displayed so you can check to make sure you are utilizing multiple modes of action. Here are a couple examples. CORN: I chose a very simple corn program. I picked Corvus as my preemerge herbicide and DiFlexx as my postemerge treatment. Corvus has herbicides from Group 2 and Group 27. DiFlexx is from Group 4. That’s a total of three modes of action and no more than one from each group. SOYBEANS: Here I picked a more complicated program beginning with three pre’s. I chose Authority MTZ plus Prowl H2O. Then I picked Roundup, Flexstar, FirstRate, and Warrant post-emerge. In total, this program contains 6 different modes of action. Once you pick a program, you can email it to yourself or your crop advisor and put it into action on your farm. OTHER FREE APPS GDU CALCULATOR – This year I plan to track my growing degree units for each field much closer than I have in the past. I used to try to do it all by hand, watching the weather and doing the calculations myself. It was way too timeconsuming for me to actually get it done perfectly. Now you can use this app to track each of your fields in the upcoming growing season. Just input your field names, zip code, crop planted, and date planted and you’re ready to go. CROP NUTRIENT DEFICIENCIES – I’ve been working on fixing soil nutrient imbalances with farmers from all over the country and beyond. When I find something on their soil tests that’s dramatically short, I often direct them to the Crop Nutrient Deficiency app. “Hey, your manganese is critically low. Look on the app and see what a manganese deficiency looks like in your cotton or whatever crop was in the field this year.” There are pictures from many different crops showing deficiencies of virtually any nutrient you want to see. I highly recommend this app. There are many more great agricultural apps that we’ve helped put together as well and they’re all free for you to download and use. Look for more information at www.agphd.com or on the app store for your Apple or Android device. Ag PhD on the Ag PhD on 6 January 2016 App Store www.agphd.com Google Play Innovation Plus Innovation Innovation Plus Plus PARTICIPATING CROPS: canola : : PARTICIPATING PARTICIPATING CROPS CROPS cereals corn cotton horticulture peanut potato soybean sugarb 2016™™INNOVATION PLUS™ 2016 2016INNOVATION INNOVATIONPLUS PLUS GROWER FINANCE PROGRAM GROWER GROWERFINANCE FINANCEPROGRAM PROGRAM canolacanolacereals cereals corn corncottoncotton horticulture horticulture peanut peanutpotatopotatosoybean soybean sugarbeet sugarbeet Earn your payoff in yields and get great financing on your Bayer purchases! Growe initial purchase of Bayer products according $10,000 EarnEarn youryour payoff payoff in yields in yields andand get get great great financing financing on your on1your Bayer Bayer purchases! purchases! Growers Growers whowho make make a a to the requirements below 2 1 1 prime minus 1% interest or even 0%can interest initial initial purchase purchase of Bayer of Bayer products products according according to the to the requirements requirements below below can qualify qualify for !for $10,000 $10,000 2 2 ! ! prime minus prime minus 1%1% interest interest or even or even 0%0% interest interest FINANCE REWARDS FINANCE FINANCE REWARDS REWARDS Qualifying Purchase Qualifying Qualifying Purchase Purchase Purchase $10,0001 total of Bayer crop protection, branded seed products, and/o 1 1 4 4 Purchase Purchase $10,000 $10,000 total total of Bayer of Bayer cropcrop protection, protection, branded branded seedseed products, products, and/or and/or Bayer Bayer Traits Traits Purchase from an authorized Bayer and John Deere Financial and/or Rabo AgriF 3 3 Purchase Purchase fromfrom an authorized an authorized Bayer Bayer andand JohnJohn Deere Deere Financial Financial and/or and/or RaboRabo AgriFinance AgriFinance Retailer Retailer Minimum Quantity 2 2 Program Program Offering Offering Minimum Minimum Quantity Quantity Program Offe Prime Minus Purchase one Bayer product at $10,0001 Prime Prime Minus Minus 1% 1% Interest Interest RateRate Purchase two or more Bayer products at a minimum of $5,0001 each Purchase Purchase two two or more or more Bayer Bayer products products at aatminimum a minimum 0% 0% Interest Interest RateRate 1 1 1 Based on grower invoiced price. of $5,000 of $5,000 each each 2 1 1 Purchase Purchase one one Bayer Bayer product product at $10,000 at $10,000 0% Interest R Principal balance and all other accrued interest and finance charges associated with the special terms finance tra 1 Based Based on grower on grower invoiced invoiced price.price. due date as described. If the customer fails to pay the balance on the due date reflected on the John Deere Finan 2 Principal Principal balance balance and all and other all other accrued accrued interest interest and finance and finance charges charges associated associated with the with special the(APR) special terms terms finance finance arewill due are indue fulltoinon fullthepurchase. oncustomer the customer statement statement PERCENTAGE RATE applicable totransaction thetransaction Account apply this 3 date due date due as date described. as described. If the Ifcustomer the customer fails to fails paytothe paybalance the balance on theondue the due reflected date reflected on theonJohn the Deere Deere Financial Financial and/or and/or Rabo Rabo AgriFinance AgriFinance statement, statement, the ANNUAL the ANNUAL Promotional transactions areJohn subject to John Deere Financial and/or Rabo AgriFinance approval and retailer partic PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE RATERATE (APR)(APR) applicable applicable to thetoAccount the Account will apply will apply to thistopurchase. this4All purchase. Bayer crop protection and Bayer branded seed products. FiberMax® and Stoneville® cotton can be financed up 3 3 Promotional Promotional transactions transactions are subject are subject to John to John DeereDeere Financial Financial and/orand/or Rabofactory-treated Rabo AgriFinance AgriFinance approval approval and retailer andtreatment retailer participation. participation. premium seed (if applicable). 4 4 ® ® ® All Bayer All Bayer crop protection crop protection and Bayer and Bayer branded branded seed seed products. products. FiberMax FiberMax and®Stoneville and Stoneville cotton cotton can be canfinanced be financed up to up thetoinvoiced the invoiced price price to include to include the seed, the seed, traits traits and and factory-treated factory-treated premium premium seed seed treatment treatment (if applicable). (if applicable). 1 2 PROGRAM DETAILS PROGRAM PROGRAM DETAILS DETAILS Grower’s account with seed Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Ne • Program • Program • Grower’s Period Period - September - September 1, 2015 1, 2015 to August to August 31, 2016 31, 2016 • Qualifying•products Grower’s account account with with seedseed purchases purchases in: Alabama, in: Alabama, Arizona, Arizona, California, California, must be purchased. due in full on his/her Januar Florida, Florida, Georgia, Georgia, Kansas, Kansas, New New Mexico, Mexico, Oklahoma Oklahoma and West and West TexasTexas is is AgriFinance statement due • Qualifying • Qualifying • Grower’s account is due in full on his/her December 2016 John Deere products products mustmust be purchased. be purchased. due in due fullinon fullhis/her on his/her January January 20172017 JohnJohn DeereDeere Financial Financial and/or and/or RaboRabo Financial and/orAgriFinance Rabo AgriFinance statement due date. • Bayer reserves the right to m statement statement due date. due date. • Grower’s • Grower’s account account is due is in due fullinon fullhis/her on his/her December December 20162016 JohnJohn DeereDeere AgriFinance thereof without prior notice. Financial Financial and/or and/or RaboRabo AgriFinance AgriFinance statement statement due date. due date. • Bayer • Bayer reserves reserves the right the right to modify to modify or withdraw or withdraw this program this program or any or portion any portion • Program Period - September 1, 2015 to August 31, 2016 • thereof thereof without without priorprior notice. notice. To learn more about our 2016 programs, visit www.InnovationPlusProgra To learn To learn more more about about our our 2016 2016 programs, programs, visitvisit www.InnovationPlusProgram.com www.InnovationPlusProgram.com When it comes to your farm, every seed, every ounc When When it comes it comes to to your your farm, farm, every every seed, seed, every every ounce, ounce, every every acre acre counts. counts. ©2015 Bayer CropScience LP, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Always read and follow label directions. Bayer (reg’d), the Bayer Cross (reg FiberMax®, Innovation Plus™ and Stoneville® are trademarks of Bayer. Not all products are registered in all states. For additional product information, call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) or visit(reg’d), our website at ©2015©2015 Bayer CropScience Bayer CropScience LP, 2 T.W. LP, Alexander 2 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Drive, Research TriangleTriangle Park, NC Park, 27709. NC 27709. Always Always read and read follow and follow label directions. label directions. Bayer Bayer (reg’d), the Bayer thewww.BayerCropScience.us Cross Bayer (reg’d), Cross (reg’d), CR1015ICPIPPA093V03R1 ® ® ™ ® ® FiberMax FiberMax , Innovation , Innovation Plus™ and PlusStoneville and Stoneville are trademarks are trademarks of Bayer. of Bayer. Not all Not products all products are registered are registered in all states. in all states. For additional For additional productproduct information, information, call toll-free call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) (1-866-992-2937) or visitorourvisit website our website at www.BayerCropScience.us at www.BayerCropScience.us CR1015ICPIPPA093V03R1 CR1015ICPIPPA093V03R1 Innovation Plus Regional TV -All times local. 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Featuring Darren & Brian Hefty, Your Phone Calls, and Great Guests! Call Ag PhD Radio at 844-44-AGPHD! Modes of Action Can I Cut My Herbicide Rate? INSIDE C H A N G E S E RV I C E R E Q U E S T E D 47506 252nd St. Baltic, South Dakota 57003-5961 PRSRT STD U. S. Postage Paid Permit #550 Watertown SD