Japan`s BMD System

31
No.
AUG. 2012
Commemoration of 700th flight mission
Japan’s BMD System
Japan–Philippines Ministerial Meeting
Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense, Shu Watanabe, Visited the Philippines
Deployment Air force for counter Piracy Enforcement [Completion of 700 Flight Missions]
Measures against piracy off the coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden
Participation in PSI Air Interdiction Exercise “Pacific Shield 12”
Introduction to historical building Headquarters of MSDF Kure District (former Kure Naval Building)
Introduction to Equipment Amphibious search and rescue plane US-2
TOPICS
MEETING WITH FOREIGN LEADERS
Japan–Philippines Ministerial Meeting
Crew and engineers celebrating the completion of the 700th flight mission
Welcome ceremony for Defense Secretary Gazmin
On July 2, Defense Minister, Satoshi Morimoto, signed
statement of intent to promote defense cooperation and
exchanges between Japan and the Philippines with Defense
Secretary Gazmin. At the same time, the two ministers
exchanged views on defense cooperation and exchange
between both countries.
At the beginning, Defense Minister Morimoto gave a
warm welcome to Defense Secretary Gazmin on his visit to
Japan, as it was the first time in 11 years that Japan had
hosted the Defense Secretary of the Philippines. He also
expressed his gratitude to the Philippines for their assistance
toward Japan during the Great East Japan Earthquake.
Defense Secretary Gazmin said that he hoped that his
visit to Japan would contribute to further advancements in
defense exchanges between the two countries.
Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense,
Shu Watanabe, Visited the Philippines
Parliamentary Senior Vice-Minister of Defense, Shu Watanabe, visited the Philippines from June 23 to 25 and met with
the Secretary of National Defense for the Philippines,
Voltaire T, Gazmin. During the visit, Senior Vice-Minister
Watanabe also inspected the Pacific Partnership 2012, in
which the SDF participated.
On June 23, Senior Vice-Minister Watanabe visited the
Department of National Defense of the Philippines and met
with Defense Secretary Gazmin. They concurred on the
importance of sharing knowledge and strengthening coopera-
Senior Vice-Minister of Defense Watanabe with Defense Secretary Gazmin
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MINISTRY OF DEFENSE JAPAN DEFENSE FOCUS / NO.31
tion between the SDF and the Philippine Forces in the fields
of humanitarian aid and disaster relief, through activities
conducted under the Pacific Partnership 2012. Furthermore,
they agreed on the need to further promote defense cooperation and exchange between Japan and the Philippines for
peace and stability in the Asia Pacific region.
On June 24, Senior Vice-Minister Watanabe visited the
Pacific Partnership 2012. He observed medical activities
conducted by the SDF medical team, the U.S. Forces medical
team, civilian organizations,
and other groups at Malaga
Elementary School on
Samar Island, which is one
of the bases for medical
activities in the Philippines.
He also exchanged views
with the personnel involved.
Senior Vice-Minister
Watanabe also visited the
MSDF transport vessel
“Ohsumi” and the U.S.
Navy hospital ship
“Mercy,” and met with the
Senior Vice-Minister of Defense Watanabe
personnel involved.
inspecting the medical activity base
Deployment Air force for counter Piracy Enforcement
[Completion of 700 Flight Missions]
On June 18, Deployment Air force for counter Piracy
Enforcement completed its 700th flight mission from the
deployment of the 1st unit.
The Commander of Deployment Air force for counter
Piracy Enforcement commented, “we will achieve 800 flight
missions by carrying out our daily missions steadily. We will
be glad if you give us, further support for the missions.”
The pilot who carried out the 700th flight mission also
commented, “We have completed the 700th flight mission
successfully with guidance that we have received from our
predecessors, and with the support of many people. We will
continue to brace ourselves for the challenge of future
missions.”
Measures against piracy off the coast of Somalia
and in the Gulf of Aden
Aerial activities of Japanese P-3C patrol aircraft off the
coast of Somalia and in the Gulf of Aden
Record of Mission (April-June 2012)
1. Number of flights: 54 flights (Accumulated total: 707 flights)
2. Flight hours: Approximately 420 hours (Accumulated
total: Approximately 5,470 hours)
3. Number of visually confirmed commercial ships: Approximately 4,480 ships (Accumulated total: 54,460 ships)
4. Number of times information was provided to Japanese
destroyers, foreign warships, and/or commercial ships:
Approximately 460 times (Accumulated total: Approximately 6,340 times)
Escort operations performed by Japanese MSDF units in
the same area
Record of Mission (April-June 2012)
1. Number of escort operations: 25 times (The 344th – the
368th escort operation)(The 303rd – 327th escort operation under Japan’s Anti-Piracy Measures Law)
2. Number of escorted vessels: 114 vessels (Accumulated
total of 2,581 escorted vessels since the start of operations under Japan’s Anti-Piracy Measures Law; hereinafter the same)
[Breakdown]
Japanese-registered ships: 1 (Accumulated total: 15)
Foreign ships operated by Japanese shipping companies: 12
(Accumulated total: 514)
(Out of the 12 foreign ships, a Japanese citizen was on board
1 ships [Out of the 514 foreign ships, a Japanese citizen was
on board 30 ships])
Foreign ships other than above: 101 (Accumulated total: 2,052)
(Out of the 101 foreign ships, a Japanese citizen was on board
2 ships [Out of the 2,052 foreign ships, a Japanese citizen was
on board 11 ships])
*The above record does not include the 1st – 41st escort
operation performed as Maritime Security Activities.
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE JAPAN DEFENSE FOCUS / NO.31
3
ACT I V I T I E S
A CTI V I TI E S
Participation in PSI Air Interdiction Exercise “Pacific Shield 12”
Along with terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction (WMDs) and their related components such as
parts and raw materials has been a matter of concern in the
international community. It has been feared that countries
and organizations which had not been able to possess
“weapons of mass destruction” may do so through the
transfer of relevant technology and so on.
PSI is an endeavor to consider and implement measures
which participating countries are able to take together such
as control of transportation and transfer of alleged materials
in order to prevent the proliferation of WMDs and their
related components such as parts and raw materials in
accordance with existing domestic and international laws.
Each country had previously taken measures such as
domestic control and export control within its own territory;
however, PSI requests each participating country to prevent
the proliferation of WMDs not only within its territory, but
also in the areas beyond its territory in cooperation with
other participating countries.
PSI is based on the concept that although what each
country can do unilaterally is limited, global efforts could
enhance the effect of the prevention of the proliferation
of WMDs.
As of July 2012, the PSI has developed into an international endeavor endorsed by 100 countries including Japan.
In order to improve the capabilities to prevent the proliferation of WMDs and others, efforts including various
interdiction exercises in worldwide areas and meetings to
discuss political and legal challenges have been underway.
The MOD and the SDF regard the engagement in the PSI
as necessary to make efficient use of the capabilities of the
SDF while working in harmony with the relevant organizations and countries. For this purpose, the MOD has
dispatched defense officials including uniformed SDF
personnel to various meetings since the participation in the
third Paris plenary meeting in 2003, as well as observers to
the PSI interdiction exercises overseas in order to collect
necessary information. The participation in such exercises
by the SDF has continued since 2004.
Up to the present, the MOD and the SDF have twice held
a Japan-hosted “PSI Maritime Interdiction Exercise” and
once “PSI Air Interdiction Exercise”(details are described
later) together with the relevant ministries and agencies
such as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Police
Agency, the Ministry of Finance and the Japan Coast Guard.
Exercises
Sapporo City
Hokkaido
Date : October 25-27, 2004
Location : Off Sagami Bay and Yokosuka Port
Participating countries : 21
2 Maritime Interdiction Exercise “Pacific Shield 07”
Date : October 13-15, 2007
Location : Waters east off Izuoshima Island,
Yokosuka Port and Yokohama Port
Participating countries : 40
Chitose Airbase
PSI air interdiction training
New Chitose Airport
3 Air Interdiction Exercise “Pacific Shield 12”
Date : July 3-5, 2012
Location : New Chitose Airport and
Chitose Airbase and Sapporo City
Participating countries : 20
Location
Participation by MOD and SDF
October 2009
PSI Maritime Interdiction
Exercise hosted by Singapore
Singapore
One destroyer and two patrol
aircraft (P-3C) participated
September 2010
PSI Air Interdiction Exercise
hosted by Australia
Australia
Observers dispatched
October 2010
PSI Maritime Interdiction Exercise
hosted by ROK
ROK
Two destroyers participated
July 2012
PSI Air Interdiction Exercise
hosted by Japan
New Chitose Airport , Chitose
Airbase and Sapporo City in Japan
Multi-purpose support
aircraft (U-4) etc. participated
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE JAPAN DEFENSE FOCUS / NO.31
Air Interdiction Exercise “Pacific Shield 12”
1 Maritime Interdiction Exercise “Team Samurai 04”
Scene of Japan-hosted PSI Maritime Interdiction Exercise in October 2007
4
participated in the event.
This was the first-ever air interdiction exercise hosted
by Japan, and the purpose of this exercise is to train
with regard to procedures to respond to the aircraft
which allegedly have materials that may lead to the
development of WMDs onboard.
From the MOD, units from the ASDF Air Defense
Command and the GSDF Northern Army among
others participated in this exercise, and Parliamentary
Senior Vice-Minister of Defense, Shu Watanabe
inspected it in the field.
PSI Activities Hosted by Japan
Record of Participation in PSI Interdiction Exercises by the MOD and the SDF (FY2009 and beyond)
Date
Considering the cases of the proliferation of WMDs and
others in the areas surrounding Japan, the MOD considers it
necessary to regard the PSI as a security challenge and to
commit itself in the prevention of WMDs in peacetime.
Given this situation, the MOD is continuously participating in and/or hosting various exercises and meetings from
the viewpoint of enhancing the response capabilities of the
SDF, and working toward strengthening the nonproliferation schemes including the PSI.
From July 3 to July 5, 2012, a Japan-hosted PSI air
interdiction exercise “Pacific Shield 12” was held, and
20 countries, such as Australia, Korea and Singapore,
GSDF personnel decontaminating the vicinity of
the suspected aircraft
Senior Vice-Minister of Defense Watanabe
inspecting the PSI air interdiction training
Introduction to historical building
Headquarters of MSDF Kure District (former Kure Naval Building)
There is a granite driveway in the center of the front of the building.
The back of the second-floor balcony is decorated with a classical
pediment of the Naval seal, featuring an Ionian-order pillar, anchor,
and cherry blossoms. The carvings on the freeze (small wall) of the
masonry section in the front depict various arrangements of cherry
blossoms. A large window made of stone, with large, semicircular
arches, can be found at the back of the pediment.
This building is characterized by its brick design. For every four
layers of bricks laid on the first floor, approximately half of the fifth
layer reaches deep into the back in a deep tiling style. The stone
pillars in the driveway porch match the brick layering style, and are
also fashioned in the deep tiling style. The bricks on the second floor
are laid out in a flat manner such that the surface of the wall exudes a
calm atmosphere. The windows for both the first and second floors
are also designed to create different expressions.
The building is currently used as the Headquarter of the MSDF
Kure District.
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE JAPAN DEFENSE FOCUS / NO.31
5
S P E C I A L F E AT U R E
S P E C I A L F E AT U R E
Japan’s BMD System
Q2. What is the current status of the BMD system development?
Q1. What is Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) system in Japan?
A1. In the areas surrounding Japan, China and Russia deploy
a great number of ballistic missiles which can deliver nuclear
weapons. Ballistic missile test launches by North Korea have
made the threat of ballistic missiles a reality.
In order to ensure readiness in response to armed attacks
by ballistic missiles and other objects, Japan started developing the BMD system in 2004.
Upper-tier (exoatmospheric)
interception by Aegis BMD system
Detection and tracking
by various sensors
(ground-based radars,
Aegis destroyers)
Boost phase:
The rocket engine
is burning and
accelerating the
missile just after
the launch
Lower-tier interception
(after atmospheric reentry)
by Patriot PAC-3
Terminal phase:
From atmospheric
reentry to the impact
JASDF air missile
defense units
Ballistic missile
JASDF air warning
and control unit
Ground-based radar
- FPS-3(upgraded)
- FPS-5
Patriot PAC-3
(improvements to
existing systems +
acquisition of missiles)
Protected area by
Aegis BMD
Protected area
JMSDF
component unit
JASDF
Aegis destroyers
(improvement to existing systems + acquisition of missiles)
BMD Joint Task Force Commander
As depicted in the figure,
Japan’s BMD system consists of:
1) Aegis destroyers to intercept
ballistic missiles at the
mid-course phase,
2) Patriot PAC-3 to intercept
ballistic missiles at the
terminal phase
3) Sensor system to detect and
track ballistic missiles; and
4) Command and control, battle
management, and communications system to systematically counter ballistic missiles
by effectively coordinating
the weapon systems and the
sensor systems.
C2, battle management and
communications systems
such as JADGE (Japan
Aerospace Defense Ground
Environment) system
A3. Concerning Aegis Destroyers, in addition to the existing
four “Kongo” class Aegis Destroyers, two “Atago” class
Aegis Destroyers are to be equipped with BMD capabilities.
Regarding the Patriot PAC-3, one more fire unit of the 5th
air defense missile group (Okinawa) will be upgraded into a
PAC-3 capable unit. In parallel with the realignment of the
existing PAC-3 units, every air defense missile group will
have BMD capable PAC-3 fire unit.
Moreover, the MOD will continuously promote the
Japan–U.S. cooperative development of the advanced
ballistic missile interceptor (SM-3 Block IIA) in order to
respond to future threats and enhance the capabilities of
future interceptor missiles.
Future BMD System Improvements
Destroyers equipped with Aegis system
Expansion of Defended Areas through Future
Improvement in Capabilities of BMD Missiles
(Image)
Kongo class – 4 ships
Protection by current Interceptor
missiles
*What is Ballistic missile?
Ballistic missile is a missile propelled by a rocket engine that flies in a parabolic arc and falls nearly vertically at high speed
from a high altitude to reach its target. The ballistic missile can deliver heavy payloads and is used as a delivery vehicle of
weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons.
Ballistic missiles are categorized into three types in terms of range: intercontinental ballistic missiles, medium-range
ballistic missiles, and short-range ballistic missiles. The range varies from as short as several tens of kilometers to as long
as over 10,000 kilometers. (Note: Distance between Tokyo and the Korean peninsula is approx. 900km; between Tokyo and
Hawaii is approx. 6,400km.)
Ballistic missiles can be also categorized into liquid propellant type and solid propellant type in terms of fuel. Generally,
liquid propellant missiles require fuel to be injected taking an extended period of time prior to the launch. On the other hand,
solid propellant missiles are characterized by a capability to be launched immediately because the propellant is pre-loaded.
Characteristics of Ballistic Missiles
Type
Range
Time
Re-entry Speed
Short-range Ballistic Missile
Approx. 1,000 km and less
Approx. 5-10 min.
1 ∼ 3 km/second (Approx. Mach 3-9)
Medium-range Ballistic Missile
Approx. 1,000-5,500 km
Approx. 10-20 min.
3 ∼ 7 km/second (Approx. Mach 9-21)
Intercontinental Ballistic Missile
Approx. 5,500 km-
Approx. 20-30 min.
7 ∼ 8 km/second (Approx. Mach 21-24)
* 1 Medium-range Ballistic Missile can be categorized into intermediate class.
2 (Ref.) The maximum speed of F-15 is Approx. Mach 2.5(Approx.0.85km/second).
Challenges to Interception of Ballistic Missiles
High speed
Missile Group (Iruma), the 2nd Air Defense Missile Group
(Kasuga), the 4th Air Defense Missile Group (Gifu), the Air
Defense Missile Training Group and the 2nd Technical
School (Hamamatsu) into PAC-3 capable units.
Q3. What is the future development plan of BMD system?
BMD Architecture and Concept of Operations (Image)
Mid-course phase:
The rocket engine has completed
burning and the missile is flying in
space (exoatmosphere) with inertia
A2. By the end of fiscal year 2010, the Aegis destroyers of
the MSDF, “Kongo,” “Chokai,” “Myoko,” and “Kirishima,”
completed equipment with BMD capabilities.
Regarding the Patriot PAC-3, the ASDF successfully
modified a total of 16 fire units of the 1st Air Defense
Atago class – 2 ships
Strengthening of structure to deal with ballistic missiles by newly
incorporating BMD capability to 2 Atago class Aegis ships in
addition to the current 4 Kongo class Aegis ships.
Patriot surface-to-air guided
missile (PAC-3)
Deploy PAC-3 to all the SAM
groups by upgrading 1FU of the 5th
SAM group in
Okinawa to PAC-3
and relocating
Relocation of
PAC-3 units
already deployed
PAC-3 units.
Time available to detect and intercept missiles is very short
High Altitude
Advanced technology required capable of guiding interceptors accurately at extremely high altitudes
Small target
Need improved radar capability to detect and track small, high speed target missiles plus capability to destroy them by a hit-to-kill
Chitose
Misawa
SM-3 missile
launched
from an Aegis
Destroyer
Aegis Destroyer “Atago”
Advanced Ballistic Missile Interceptor
(Japan – U.S. Cooperative Development)
Guidance Section
Kinetic Warhead Ejector
3rd Stage
Rocket Motor
Kinetic Warhead
Iruma
Intercept speeds far exceed hitting a bullet with another bullet
Short Response time
Protection by advanced
interceptor missiles
Gifu
Nosecone
Divert and Attitude Control System
Guidance Unit
Infrared Seeker
Kasuga
Booster
(MK72 [improved])
Steering Control Section
2nd Stage Rocket Motor
Upper Staging Assembly
UPGRADE
Requires High Performance Intercept System
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MINISTRY OF DEFENSE JAPAN DEFENSE FOCUS / NO.31
Naha
1FU of 5th ADM Grp to
PAC-3 (JFY budget)
Launch of PAC-3 missile
Continuously promote the Japan-U.S. cooperative development
of advanced ballistic missile interceptor (SM-3 Block IIA) in order
to respond to future threats.
MINISTRY OF DEFENSE JAPAN DEFENSE FOCUS / NO.31
7
COLUMN
Introduction to Equipment
Amphibious search and rescue plane
The US-2 is an amphibious search and rescue plane
operated by the MSDF. The amphibious plane is an aircraft
that is characterized by its ability to function as both a
plane and a ship. It can land on rough seas with waves as
high as 3 meters, and has excellent short-distance takeoff
and landing ability on water. It also has outstanding
short-distance takeoff and landing ability on land.
The US-2 is a successor plane for the US-1A amphibious
search and rescue plane. Remodeling and development of
US-1A as a domestically produced aircraft began in 1996,
and its first mass-produced plane was acquired at the end of
2008. Although it bears a striking resemblance to US-1A in
appearance, its engine has a higher output than that of
US-1A, and the aircraft has been retrofitted with six blades
for the propeller over the previous three blades. Consequently, the US-2 has a significantly larger thrust, as well
as enhanced takeoff and landing ability on water, longdistance cruise performance, and speed performance. The
flight control system has been converted into a fly-by-wire
system with enhanced stability and maneuverability. In
addition, by pressurizing the upper hull, the US-2 has been
enabled to take high-altitude flights.
The US-2 is under consideration for civilian use through
manufacturing corporations. The Ministry of Defense is
providing its full assistance toward the realization of
civilian use in view of the possible contributions to the
maintenance, development, and enhancement of defense
production and technological bases.
Specifications
Capacity
11 people
Maximum speed
300 knots
Total width
Approx. 33.2m
Total length
Approx. 33.3m
Total height
Approx. 10.1m
Gross weight
Approx. 47.7tons
Engines
AE2100J, approx. 4,600 horsepower x 4
Distance for takeoff from water
Approx. 280m
Distance for landing on water
Approx. 310m
Possible wave height for
landing on water
Approx. 3m
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MINISTRY OF DEFENSE JAPAN DEFENSE FOCUS / NO.31
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